Turquie

Declaration made upon signature:

“… the signature, ratification, accession, acceptance or approval of the agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) by the Government of the Republic of Türkiye is without prejudice to the rights and interests of Türkiye as a non-party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 (UNCLOS) and cannot be construed as a change in the legal position of Türkiye with regard to UNCLOS.
Recalling Türkiye’s statement made during the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Türkiye declares that there does not exist any group of people in its territory which could be considered as ‘indigenous peoples’ within the framework of the Agreement.
This declaration is without prejudice to additional declarations and/or reservations that may be made in the future by Türkiye.”

Declaration made upon ratification:

The Government of the Republic of Türkiye would like to confirm hereby with this document that the signature and ratification of the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (“BBNJ Agreement”) by the Republic of Türkiye, in conformity with Article 5, paragraph 3 of the BBNJ Agreement, shall not affect legal status of the Republic of Türkiye as a non-party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (“UNCLOS”) and other related instruments, and shall not be construed in any way as constituting a change in the legal position of the Republic of Türkiye with regard to UNCLOS.
Nothing in this BBNJ Agreement shall be interpreted as affecting the sovereign rights, jurisdiction and duties of the Republic of Türkiye as a coastal State. The Republic of Türkiye understands references in the BBNJ Agreement to the rights, jurisdiction and duties of coastal States under UNCLOS as referring to any equivalent rights, jurisdiction, and duties of non-parties to UNCLOS under customary international law.
The Republic of Türkiye understands “[a]reas beyond national jurisdiction” under Article 1, paragraph 2 of the BBNJ Agreement to mean the high seas beyond 200 nautical miles of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured; and, the Area.
Pursuant to Article 60, paragraph 5 of the BBNJ Agreement, the Republic of Türkiye chooses the International Court of Justice as its means of choice for the settlement of disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the BBNJ Agreement.
Furthermore, pursuant to Article 60, paragraph 7 of the BBNJ Agreement, the Republic of Türkiye does not accept any of the procedures provided for in Part XV, section 2 of UNCLOS with respect to each category of dispute set out in Article 298 of UNCLOS for the settlement of disputes under Part IX of the BBNJ Agreement.
Recalling the statement of the Republic of Türkiye made during the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Republic of Türkiye declares that there does not exist any group of people in its territory which could be considered as “indigenous peoples” within the framework of the BBNJ Agreement.
Pursuant to Article 70 and Article 10, paragraph 1, of the BBNJ Agreement, the Republic of Türkiye declares the exception of the retroactive effects as set out in the second sentence of Article 10, paragraph 1, therefore the provisions of the BBNJ Agreement shall apply for the Republic of Türkiye only to activities with respect to marine genetic resources and digital sequence information on marine genetic resources of areas beyond national jurisdiction collected and generated after the entry into force of the BBNJ Agreement for the Republic of Türkiye.
According to Article 70 of the BBNJ Agreement, no reservations or exceptions may be made to the BBNJ Agreement, unless expressly permitted by other articles of the BBNJ Agreement. Furthermore, a declaration made pursuant to Article 71 of the BBNJ Agreement cannot purport to exclude or to modify the legal effect of the provisions of the BBNJ Agreement in their application to the State or regional economic integration organization that made the declaration. Therefore, the Republic of Türkiye declares that it shall not take into account or be bound in any way by declarations or statements that have been made or will be made by any Signatory or Party pursuant to Article 71, which exclude or modify the effect of the provisions of the BBNJ Agreement. Passivity with respect to such declarations shall be interpreted neither as acceptance nor rejection of such declarations on the part of the Republic of Türkiye. The Republic of Türkiye reserves the right to take a position at any time on such declarations in the manner deemed appropriate.
This declaration is made without prejudice to any additional declarations and/or reservations that may be made in the future by the Republic of Türkiye.

Declaration:

Turkey’s ratification of [t]he Kigali Amendment (2016) … to the Montreal Protocol agreed by the Twenty-Eighth Meeting of the Parties should in no way be construed as implying any obligation on the part of Turkey to enter into any dealing with the countries that Turkey has no diplomatic relations within the framework of UN Environment Programme activities.

Declaration made upon ratification:

The Republic of Turkey, on the basis of “equity, common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities” as clearly and accurately recognized under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of 9 May 1992 and the Paris Agreement, and by recalling decisions 26/CP.7, 1/CP.16, 2/CP.17, 1/CP.18 and 21/CP.20 adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, declares that Turkey will implement the Paris Agreement as a developing country and in the scope of her nationally determined contribution statements, provided that the Agreement and its mechanisms do not prejudice her right to economic and social development.

Declaration:

The Republic of Türkiye hereby declares, pursuant to Article 30, paragraph 5, that any amendment to an Annex to the Convention shall enter into force for the Republic of Türkiye only upon the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval, or accession with respect thereto.

Declaration:

The Republic of Turkey declares with regard to the competence of the Committee on the Rights of the Child as provided for by the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure, that the reservations and declarations it made to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in armed conflict and to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography fully retain their validity.

Reservation:

“The Government of the Republic of Turkey does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 13 relating to reconciliation.”

Upon signature:

Declaration:
"It is the understanding of the Republic of Turkey that the term international humanitarian law in Article 4(2) of the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism, refers to the legal instruments to which Turkey is already party to. The Article should not be interpreted as giving a different status to the armed forces and groups other than the armed forces of a state as currently understood and applied in international law and thereby creating new obligations for the Republic of Turkey."
Reservation:
"Pursuant to Article 23 (2) of the Convention, the Government of the Republic of Turkey declares that it does not consider itself bound by article 23(1) of the Convention."
Upon ratification:

Declaration:

It is the understanding of the Republic of Turkey that the term international humanitarian law in article 4(2) of the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism, refers to the legal instruments to which Turkey is already party to. The Article should not be interpreted as giving a different status to the armed forces and groups other than the armed forces of a state as currently understood and applied in international law and thereby creating new obligations for Turkey.
Reservation:

Pursuant to Article 23(2) of the Convention, the Government of the Republic of Turkey declares that it does not consider itself bound by Article 23(1) of the Convention.

Declaration:

"The Republic of Turkey declares that it will implement the provisions of the existing Optional Protocol only to the States Parties which it recognizes and with which it has diplomatic relations".

Declarations:

"1. The Republic of Turkey declares, in accordance with Article 3 (2) of the Optional Protocol, that military service is compulsory in Turkey, however Turkish citizens are not subjected to compulsory military service before reaching the legal age of maturity. In accordance with the Turkish Military Code, military service begins on 1st January of the twentieth age; in cases of mobilisation and state of emergency, individuals who are liable to military service may be recruited at the age of 19.
There is no voluntary recruitment in Turkey.
However, Article 11 of the Military Code envisages a voluntary recruitment for navy and gendarmerie classes and non-commissioned officers at a minimum age of 18. Nevertheless, this article, which is in compliance with the age regulation of the Optional Protocol, is not applied in practice.
Students of military schools, who are exempted from the Optional Protocol according to Article 3 (5) of this protocol, are not subjected to compulsory military service. Under the Turkish legal system, such students are not considered as "soldiers" and are not held liable for "military service".
2. Admittance to the military high schools and preparatory non-commissioned officer schools is on a voluntary basis, depending on success in the entrance examinations and with the consent of parents or legal guardians. Students who have completed their primary school education and enrolled into such schools at a minimum age of 15 can quit them at any time if they so wish."
Reservations:

"The Republic of Turkey declares that it will implement the provisions of the existing Optional Protocol only to the States Parties which it recognizes and with which it has diplomatic relations.
The Republic of Turkey declares with regard to Article 3 (5) of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict that the reservation it made to Article 29 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which is referred to in the said paragraph of the Optional Protocol, fully retains its validity."

Declaration:

"1. The Republic of Turkey declares that the application of Paragraph 1(b) of Article (2) of the Convention does not necessarily indicate the existence of an armed conflict and the term "armed conflict", whether it is organized or not, describes a situation different from the commitment of acts that constitute the crime of terrorism within the scope of criminal law.
2. The Republic of Turkey declares its understanding that Paragraph 1(b) of Article (2) of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, as stated in Article (21) of the said Convention, shall not prejudice the obligations of states under international law including the Charter of the United Nations, in particular the obligation of not providing financial support to terrorist and armed groups acting in the territory of other states.
3. Pursuant to Paragraph 2 of Article 24 of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, the Republic of Turkey declares that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Paragraph 1 of Article (24) of the said Convention."

Declaration:

“Pursuant to article 8 of this Convention, Turkey declares that she reserves the right to give priority to the provisions of 1926 International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules concerning the Immunity of State-owned Vessels and Additional Protocol to [it] signed on 24 May 1934, both of which Turkey is a Party to.”

Upon signature:

Declarations:

"The Republic of Turkey declares that articles 9 and 12 should not be interpreted in such a way that offenders of these crimes are neither tried nor prosecuted. Furthermore mutual legal assistance and extradition are two different concepts and the conditions for rejecting a request for extradition should not be valid for mutual legal assistance.
The Republic of Turkey declares its understanding that the term international humanitarian law referred to in article 19 of the Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings shall be interpreted as comprising the relevant international rules excluding the provisions of additional Protocols to Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, to which Turkey is not a Party. The first part of the second paragraph of the said article should not be interpreted as giving a different status to the armed forces and groups other than the armed forces of a state as currently understood and applied in international law and thereby as creating new obligations for Turkey.
Reservation:

Pursuant to paragraph 2 of article (20) of the [Convention] the Republic of Turkey declares that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of article (20) of the said Convention."
Upon ratification:

"[W]ith the stated reservations...[:]
1) The Republic of Turkey declares that Articles (9) and (12) should not be interpreted in such a way that offenders of these crimes are neither tried nor prosecuted.
2) The Republic of Turkey declares its understanding that the term international humanitarian law referred to in Article (19) of the Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings shall be interpreted as comprising the relevant international rules excluding the provisions of Additional Protocols to Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, to which Turkey is not a Party. The first part of the second paragraph of the said article should not be interpreted as giving a different status to the armed forces and groups other than the armed forces of a state as currently understood and applied in international law and thereby as creating new obligations for Turkey.
3) Pursuant to Paragraph 2 of Article (20) of the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings, the Republic of Turkey declares that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Paragraph 1 of Article (20) of the said Convention."

Declarations:

“ I. The Republic of Turkey declares that it will implement the provisions of the Convention only to the State Parties with which it has diplomatic relations.
II. The Republic of Turkey declares that this Convention is ratified exclusively with regard to the national territory where the Constitution and legal and administrative order of the Republic of Turkey are applied.
III. The Republic of Turkey declares that, in accordance with article 22, paragraph 2 of the Convention, Turkey does not consider itself bound by article 22, paragraph 1 of this Convention. The explicit consent of the Republic of Turkey is necessary in each individual case before any dispute to which the Republic of Turkey is party concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention may be referred to the International Court of Justice.”
Reservations:

“ In connection with Article 20, paragraph 1 of the Convention, concerning the applicability of international humanitarian law, the Republic of Turkey is not a party to the Protocols I and II, dated 8 June 1977, Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and therefore will not be bound by the provisions of the said Protocols."

Declarations:

“A) The declaration regarding Article 15:

The restrictions by the related Turkish laws regarding acquisition of immovable property by the foreigners are preserved....
B) The reservation regarding Article 40:

The Turkish Law on Trade Unions allows only the Turkish citizens to form trade unions in Turkey."
C) The declaration regarding Article 45:

The stipulations of the paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of the Article 45 will be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Turkish Constitution and the related Laws.
D) The declaration regarding Article 46:

The implementation of the Article 46 will be made in accordance with the national laws.
E) The declaration regarding Articles 76 and 77:

Turkey will recognize the competence of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families at a later time."

Reservation made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:

The Republic of Turkey reserves the right to interpret and apply the provisions of articles 17, 29 and 30 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child according to the letter and the spirit of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey and those of the Treaty of Lausanne of 24 July 1923.

Reservation:

Pursuant to paragraph 4 of article 32 of [said Convention], the Republic of Turkey is not bound by paragraphs 2 and 3 of article 32 of the Convention.

Reservation:

"The Government of Turkey declares in accordance with article 30, paragraph 2, of the Convention, that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article."

13 October 2007

Reservation regarding article 20, paragraphs 2 to 7:

"The Republic of Turkey does not consider itself bound by article 20, paragraphs 2 to 7 of the Convention."

Reservation:

"Turkey is not bound by Additional Protocol I of 10 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949:
Therefore, Turkey, with reference to the scope of application defined in article 1 of the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons which may be deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to have Indiscriminate Effects, states that it will apply the Convention to all armed conflicts referred to in articles 2 and 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949.
Turkey also states that paragraph 4 of article 7 of this Convention shall not apply with respect to Turkey."

Reservations:

" With respect to article 29, paragraph 1
In pursuance of article 29, paragraph 2 of the Convention, the Government of the Republic of Turkey declares that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of this article."
[.....]

Reservation:

In acceding to the Convention the Government of the Republic of Turkey, under article 16 (2) of the Convention declares that it doesn't consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph (1) of the said article.

Reservation:
"The Republic of Turkey does not consider itself bound by article 8 of the Additional Protocol, under which any dispute between two or more Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation or application of the Convention which is not settled by negotiation or other means may, at the request of any of the Contracting Parties concerned, be referred to the International Court of Justice."

Statement: "The Republic of Turkey declares that it will implement the provisions of this Convention only to the State Parties with which it has diplomatic relations."

Reservation

1. In relation to paragraph 1 of Article 11 of the Protocol on Road Markings, the Republic of Türkiye declares that it does not consider itself bound by Article 9 of the Protocol.
2. With respect to point 6 of the Annex of the Protocol on Road Markings (amendment to Article 29, paragraph 2 of the Convention), the Republic of Türkiye does not consider itself bound by the provisions that “The road markings shall be white” and “zigzag lines showing places where parking is prohibited shall be yellow”. The Republic of Türkiye reserves the right to use yellow colour for the road markings and white colour for the zigzag lines showing places where parking is prohibited.
Declaration

Türkiye’s decision to become a party to the Convention on Road Signs and Signals, and its supplements, should in no way be construed as implying any form of recognition of the Greek Cypriot Administration’s pretention to represent the “Republic of Cyprus”, nor as implying any obligation on the part of Türkiye to enter into any dealing with authorities or institutions of the so-called “Republic of Cyprus” within the framework of the activities specified in the said Convention and its supplements.

Upon signature:

With reservations to paragraphs 3 and 4 of article 19.

Reservation

1. In relation to paragraph 1 of Article 11 of the European Agreement, the Republic of Türkiye declares that it does not consider itself bound by Article 9 of the Agreement.
2. With respect to point 22 of the Annex of the European Agreement (amendment to Annex 1, section E, subsection II, paragraph 7, subparagraphs (a) and (b) of the Convention), the Republic of Türkiye reserves the right to use signs E, 7d and E, 8d .
3. With respect to point 23 of the Annex of the European Agreement (amendment to Annex 1, section F, subsection II, paragraph 1 of the Convention), the Republic of Türkiye reserves the right to use symbol F, 1b .
4. With respect to point 25 of the Annex of the European Agreement (amendment to Annex 1, section G, subsection III, paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Convention), the Republic of Türkiye reserves the right to use signs G, 4 c and G, 6c.
Declaration

Türkiye’s decision to become a party to the Convention on Road Signs and Signals, and its supplements, should in no way be construed as implying any form of recognition of the Greek Cypriot Administration’s pretention to represent the “Republic of Cyprus”, nor as implying any obligation on the part of Türkiye to enter into any dealing with authorities or institutions of the so-called “Republic of Cyprus” within the framework of the activities specified in the said Convention and its supplements.

Reservation made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:

Reservation with respect to article 31 (2) of the Convention, made in accordance with its article 32 (2).

Reservation

1. In relation to paragraph 1 of Article 46 of the Convention on Road Signs and Signals, the Republic of Türkiye declares that it does not consider itself bound by Article 44 of the Convention.
2. With respect to Article 15 of the Convention, the Republic of Türkiye does not consider itself bound by the provision that the distance of advance direction signs to the intersection shall be not less than 500 meters on motorways and other roads carrying fast traffic. The Republic of Türkiye reserves the right not to apply this provision on the roads carrying fast traffic except for motorways.
3. With respect to Article 23, paragraph 8 of the Convention, the Republic of Türkiye reserves the right to use a flashing red light on the minor road and flashing amber light on major road at times when traffic is light.
Declaration

Türkiye’s decision to become a party to the Convention on Road Signs and Signals, and its supplements, should in no way be construed as implying any form of recognition of the Greek Cypriot Administration’s pretention to represent the “Republic of Cyprus”, nor as implying any obligation on the part of Türkiye to enter into any dealing with authorities or institutions of the so-called “Republic of Cyprus” within the framework of the activities specified in the said Convention and its supplements.

Reservation:

“Turkish Republic does not consider itself bound by the provision [of] article 52 of [the] Convention on Road Traffic”

Statements

"The Republic of Turkey declares that the three declarations and the reservation made by the Republic to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights shall also apply to the present Optional Protocol. "
"The Republic of Turkey interprets article 1 of the Protocol as giving the Committee the competence to receive and consider communications from individuals subject to the jurisdiction of the Republic of Turkey who claim to be the victims of a violation by the Republic of any of the rights set forth in the Covenant."
Reservations :

"The Republic of Turkey formulates a reservation concerning article 5 paragraph 2 (a) of the Protocol to the effect that the competence of the Committee:
a) shall not apply to communications from individuals if the same matter has already been considered or is being considered under another procedure of international investigation or settlement.
b) shall be limited to communications concerning alleged violations which result either from acts, omissions, developments or events that may occur within the national boundaries of the territory of the Republic of Turkey after the date on which the protocol enters into force for the Republic of Turkey, or from a decision relating to acts, omissions, developments or events that may occur within the national boundaries of the territory of the Republic of Turkey after the date on which the Protocol enters into force for the Republic of Turkey.
c) shall not apply to communications by means of which a violation of article 26 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is reprimanded, if and insofar as the reprimanded violation refers to rights other than those guaranteed under the aforementioned Covenant."
Statements :

"The Republic of Turkey declares that the three declarations and the reservation made by the Republic to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights shall also apply to the present Optional Protocol."
"The Republic of Turkey interprets article 1 of the Protocol as giving the Committee the competence to receive and consider communications from individuals subject to the jurisdiction of the Republic of Turkey who claim to be the victims of a violation by the Republic of any of the rights set forth in the Covenant."
The three declarations and the reservation made by the Republic of Turkey to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights read as follows:
The Republic of Turkey declares that; it will implement its obligations under the Covenant in accordance to the obligations under the Charter of the United Nations (especially Article 1 and 2 thereof).
The Republic of Turkey declares that it will implement the provisions of this Covenant only to the States with which it has diplomatic relations. The Republic of Turkey declares that this Convention is ratified exclusively with regard to the national territory where the Constitution and the legal and administrative order of the Republic of Turkey are applied.
The Republic of Turkey reserves the right to interpret and apply the provisions of Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in accordance with the related provisions and rules of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey and the Treaty of Lausanne of 24 July 1923 and its Appendixes.

Declarations and reservation:

The Republic of Turkey declares that; it will implement its obligations under the Covenant in accordance to the obligations under the Charter of the United Nations (especially Article 1 and 2 thereof).
The Republic of Turkey declares that it will implement the provisions of this Covenant only to the States with which it has diplomatic relations.
The Republic of Turkey declares that this Convention is ratified exclusively with regard to the national territory where the Constitution and the legal and administrative order of the Republic of Turkey are applied.
The Republic of Turkey reserves the right to interpret and apply the provisions of Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in accordance with the related provisions and rules of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey and the Treaty of Lausanne of 24 July 1923 and its Appendixes.

Declarations and reservation:

The Republic of Turkey declares that; it will implement its obligations under the Covenant in accordance to the obligations under the Charter of the United Nations (especially Article 1 and 2 thereof).
The Republic of Turkey declares that it will implement the provisions of this Covenant only to the States with which it has diplomatic relations.
The Republic of Turkey declares that this Convention is ratified exclusively with regard to the national territory where the Constitution and the legal and administrative order of the Repubic of Turkey are applied.
The Republic of Turkey reserves the right to interpret and apply the provisions of the paragraph (3) and (4) of the Article 13 of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in accordance to the provisions under the Article 3, 14 and 42 of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey.

Declarations and reservation:

"The Republic of Turkey declares that it will implement the provisions of this Convention only to the States Parties with which it has diplomatic relations.
The Republic of Turkey declares that this Convention is ratified exclusively with regard to the national territory where the Constitution and the legal and administrative order of the Republic of Turkey are applied.
The Republic of Turkey does not consider itself bound by Article 22 of this Convention. The explicit consent of the Republic of Turkey is necessary in each individual case before any dispute to which the Republic of Turkey is party concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention may be referred to the International Court of Justice."

Declaration:

In accordance with the Article I, paragraph 3 of the Conven- tion, the Republic of Turkey declares that it will apply the Con- vention on the basis of reciprocity, to the recognition and enforcement of awards made only in the territory of another contracting State. It further declares that it will apply the Convention only to differences arising out of legal relationships, whether contractual or not, which are considered as commercial under its national law.

Reservation:

"Turkey does not consider itself bound by any of the regulations annexed to this Agreement."

Reservation:
"The Republic of Turkey does not consider itself bound by article 47 of the Convention, under which any dispute between two or more Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation or application of the Convention which is not settled by negotiation or other means may, at the request of any of the Contracting Parties concerned, be referred to the International Court of Justice."

Upon signature:

The Turkish Government considers moreover, that the term "events occurring before 1 January 1951" refers to the beginning of the events. Consequently, since the pressure exerted upon the Turkish minority in Bulgaria, which began before 1 January 1951, is still continuing, the provision of this Convention must also apply to the Bulgarian refugees of Turkish extraction compelled to leave that country as a result of this pressure and who, being unable to enter Turkey, might seek refuge on the territory of another contracting party after 1 January 1951.
The Turkish Government will, at the time of ratification, enter reservations which it could make under article 42 of the Convention.
Reservation and declaration made upon ratification:

No provision of this Convention may be interpreted as granting to refugees greater rights than those accorded to Turkish citizens in Turkey;
The Government of the Republic of Turkey is not a party to the Arrangements of 12 May 1926 and of 30 June 1928 mentioned in article 1, paragraph A, of this Convention. Furthermore, the 150 persons affected by the Arrangement of 30 June 1928 having been amnestied under Act No.3527, the provisions laid down in this Arrangement are no longer valid in the case of Turkey. Consequently, the Government of the Republic of Turkey considers the Convention of 28 July 1951 independently of the aforementioned Arrangements . . .
The Government of the Republic understands that the action of "re-availment" or "reacquisition" as referred to in article 1, paragraph C, of the Convention–that is to say: "If (1) He has voluntarily re-availed himself of the protection of the country of his nationality; or (2) Having lost his nationality, he has voluntarily reacquired it"–does not depend only on the request of the person concerned but also on the consent of the State in question.

"[Participation by Turkey] will in no way have any effect on the provisions of the Turkish laws concerning cabotage and monopoly."

Upon signature:

"The signature, acceptance or ratification of this Protocol by the Republic of Turkey shall in no way imply the recognition of the `Republic of Cyprus' by Turkey. Nor should it imply any change in Turkey's well-known position that the Greek Cypriot side does not possess the right or authority to become party to international instruments on behalf of Cyprus as a whole. Turkey's accession to this Protocol, therefore, should not signify any obligation on the part of Turkey to enter into any dealings with `Republic of Cyprus' as are regulated by the Protocol."

Upon signature:

Interpretative statement:

"In the opinion of the Turkish Government the terms ‘wide- spread’, ‘long lasting’ and ‘severe effects’ contained in the Con- vention need to be clearly defined. So long as this clarification is not made the Government of Turkey will be compelled to in- terpret itself the terms in question and consequently it reserves the right to do so as and when required.
"Furthermore, the Government of Turkey believes that the difference between `military or any other hostile purposes' and `peaceful purposes' should be more clearly defined so as to pre- vent subjective evaluations."