Румыния

Declaration made upon ratification:

“Pursuant to Articles 10, paragraph (1) and 70 of the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of area beyond national jurisdiction, done at New York on 19 June 2023, Romania declares the exception of retroactive effects as set out in the second sentence of article 10 paragraph (1), therefore the provisions of this Agreement shall apply for Romania only to activities with respect to marine genetic resources and digital sequence information on marine genetic resources of areas beyond national jurisdiction collected and generated after the entry into force of this Agreement for Romania.”

Declaration:

“In accordance with Article 24, paragraph 1 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Romania declares that it postpones for three years the implementation of the obligations under Part IV of the Optional Protocol, concerning national preventive mechanisms.”

Declaration:

"In accordance with Article 23 of the Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Criminal Court, Romania declares that the persons referred to in Articles 15, 16, 18, 19 and 21, who are Romanian nationals or permanent residents of Romania shall, on the territory of Romania, enjoy only the privileges and immunities necessary for the independent performance of their functions or appearance or testimony before the Court stipulated in Article 23 paragraph a). The persons referred to in Articles 20 and 22, who are Romanian nationals or permanent residents of Romania shall, on the territory of Romania, enjoy only the privileges and immunities necessary for their appearance before the Court stipulated in Article 23 paragraph b)".

Declaration:

“According to the law, military service is compulsory for Romanian citizens, males, who reached the age of 20, except in case of war or upon request, during peacetime, when they may be recruited after the age of 18.”

Declaration:

“In accordance with Article 2, paragraph 2, subparagraph (a) of the Convention, Romania declares that, on the date of the application of this Convention to Romania, the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism Bombings of 15 December 1997, shall be deemed not to be included in the annex referred to in Article 2, paragraph 1, subparagraph (a)."

Declaration:

In accordance with Annex VII paragraph 3 of the Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level Ozone, Romania wishes to be treated as a country with an economy in transition for the purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Annex VII of the Protocol.

declares that the reference year set in accordance with Article 3, paragraph 5 (a), and Annex III of the Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants is the year 1989.

Declaration:

Romania declares that the reference year set in accordance with Article 3, paragraph 1, and Annex 1 of the Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Heavy Metals is the year 1989.

Declaration:

In conformity with article 26, paragraph 2, of the Convention, Romania declares that the import and the disposal on its national territory of hazardous wastes and other wastes can take place only with the prior approval of the competent Romanian authorities.

Declarations made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:

"1. As a geographically disadvantaged country bordering a sea poor in living resources, Romania reaffirms the necessity to develop international cooperation for the exploitation of the living resources of the economic zones, on the basis of just and equitable agreements that should ensure the access of the countries from this category to the fishing resources in the economic zones of other regions or subregions.
2. Romania reaffirms the right of coastal States to adopt measures to safeguard their security interests, including the right to adopt national laws and regulations relating to the passage of foreign warships through their territorial sea.
The right to adopt such measures is in full conformity with articles 19 and 25 of the Convention, as it is also specified in the Statement by the President of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea in the plenary meeting of the Conference on April 26, 1982.
3. Romania states that according to the requirements of equity as it results from articles 74 and 83 of the Convention on the Law of the Sea the uninhabited islands and without economic life can in no way affect the delimitation of the maritime spaces belonging to the main land coasts of the coastal States."

Upon signature:

2. Romania considers that the Convention and the three Protocols annexed thereto constitute a positive step within the framework of the efforts which have been made for the gradual development of international humanitarian law applicable during armed conflicts and which aim at providing very broad and reliable protection for the civilian population and the combatants.
3. At the same time, Romania would like to emphasize that the provisions of the Convention and its Protocols have a restricted character and do not ensure adequate protection either to the civilian population or to the combatants as the fundamental principles of international humanitarian law require.
4. The Romanian Government wishes to state on this occasion also that real and effective protection for each individual and for peoples and assurance of their right to a free and independent life necessarily presuppose the elimination of all acts of aggression and the renunciation once and for all of the use of force and the threat of the use of force, of intervention in the domestic affairs of other States and of the policy of domination and diktat and strict observation of the sovereignty and independence of peoples and their legitimate right to self-determination.
In the present circumstances, when a vast quantity of nuclear weapons has been accumulated in the world, the protection of each individual and of all peoples is closely linked with the struggle for peace and disarmament and with the adoption of authentic measures to halt the arms race and ensure the gradual reduction of nuclear weapons until they are totally eliminated.
5. The Romanian Government states once again its decision to act, together with other States, to ensure the prohibition or restriction of all conventional weapons which are excessively injurious or have indiscriminate effects, and the adoption of urgent and effective measures for nuclear disarmament which would protect peoples from the nuclear war which seriously threatens their right to life--a fundamental condition for the protection which international humanitarian law must ensure for the individual, the civilian population and the combatants.

Upon signature:

Romania interprets article 14 of this Convention, concerning the participation of regional economic integration organizations constituted by States members of the Economic Commission for Europe, to mean that it refers exclusively to international organizations to which States members have transferred their competence in respect of the signature, conclusion and application on their behalf of international agreements and in respect of the exercise of their rights and responsibilities in the field of transboundary pollution.

Upon signature (confirmed upon ratification):

The interpretation and application of the provisions of the Agreement establishing the International Fund for Agricultural Development, including those relating to voting procedures, and all activities of IFAD must take place on a democratic basis, in accordance with the purpose for which the Fund was established, namely, to assist the developing countries in their efforts to develop their agriculture.
Upon ratification:

Reservation

The Socialist Republic of Romania declares, pursuant to the provisions of article 13, section 4, of the Agreement establishing the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), concluded at Rome on 13 June 1976, that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 11, section 2, of the Agreement.
The Socialist Republic of Romania considers that disputes between the Fund and a State which has ceased to be a member, or between the Fund and one of the members upon the termination of the Fund's operations, can be submitted to arbitration only with the consent of all parties to the dispute in each individual case.

Reservation:

The Socialist Republic of Romania does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 13 of the Agreement, which states that any disputes between the Contracting Parties which relates to the interpretation or application of this Agreement and which the Parties are unable to settle by negotiation or other means of settlement shall be referred for a solution to arbitration at the request of any of the Contracting Parties concerned.
The Socialist Republic of Romania considers that such disputes may be referred for a solution to arbitration only with the agreement of all the Parties to the dispute.

Reservation:

The Socialist Republic of Romania brings to knowledge that according to the provisions of paragraph 1, article 58 of the Cus- toms Convention on the International Transport of Goods under cover of TIR Carnets (TIR Convention), concluded at Geneva, on November 14, l975, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraphs 2-6 of article 57 of this Convention.
The Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the differ- ences between two or more contracting parties on the interpreta- tion or implementation of the Convention, which had not been settled by negotiations or in any other way, could be submitted to arbitration only with the consent of all parties in dispute, in each individual case.
Declaration:

The Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the provi- sions of article 52, paragraph 1 of the Convention do not concur with the principles according to which the international multilateral treaties, whose object and aim interest the international community in its entirety, should be opened to the universal participation.

Reservation:

The Socialist Republic of Romania does not consider itself bound by the provisions contained in article 6, insofar as those provisions relate to States which are not parties to the Single Convention.
Declaration:

The Council of State of the Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the provisions of article 17 of the Protocol are not in accordance with the principle that international multilateral treaties, the aims and objectives of which concern the world community as a whole, should be open to participation by all States.

Reservation and declarations:

[ For the text see the reservation and declarations made in respect of the European Agreement supplementing the Convention on Road Traffic concluded at Geneva on 1 May 1971 (chapter XI.B-23). ]

Reservation made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:

a. The Socialist Republic of Romania declares that, in accordance with article 11, paragraph 1, of the European Agreement supplementing the Convention on Road Traffic opened for signature at Vienna on 8 November 1968, and with article 11, paragraph 1, of the European Agreement supplementing the Convention on Road Signs and Signals opened for signature at Vienna on 8 November 1968, it does not consider itself bound by article 9 of the two Agreements, under which any dispute between two or more Contracting Parties which relates to the interpretation or application of the Agreements and which is not settled by negotiation is to be referred to arbitration if any of the Parties so requests.
It is the position of the Socialist Republic of Romania that such disputes may be referred to arbitration only with the consent of all the Parties in dispute in each individual case.
Declaration made upon signature:

b. The Council of State of the Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the provisions of article 2 of the European Agreement supplementing the Convention on Road Traffic opened for signature at Vienna on 8 November 1968, and article 2 of the European Agreement supplementing the Convention on Road Signs and Signals opened for signature at Vienna on 8 November 1968, are not in keeping with the principle that multilateral international treaties whose aim and purpose affect the international community as a whole should be opened to universal participation.
Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:

c. The Council of State of the Socialist Republic of Romania feels that the maintenance of a dependent status for certain territories to which reference is made by the provisions of article 3 of the European Agreement supplementing the Convention on Road Traffic opened for signature at Vienna on 8 November 1968, is not in keeping with the Charter of the United Nations or with the documents adopted by the United Nations concerning the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples, including the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, which was unanimously adopted in General Assembly resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970 and which solemnly proclaims the duty of States to promote realization of the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples in order to bring a speedy end to colonialism.

The State Council of the Socialist Republic of Romania states that the provisions of articles V and VII of the Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity are not compatible with the principle that multilateral international treaties, the subject and purpose of which concern the international community as a whole, should be open for universal participation.

Upon signature:
The Socialist Republic of Romania does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 44 of this Convention.
Upon ratification:
Declaration and reservation:
[For the text see the declarations and the reservation made in respect of the Convention on Road Traffic concluded at Vienna on 8 November 1968 (chapter XI.b.19).]

Upon signature:

The Socialist Republic of Romania does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 52 of this Convention.
Upon ratification:
Declarations:

"1. The Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the provisions of article 45 of the Convention on Road Traffic and of article 37 of the Convention on Road Signs and Signals are not in keeping with the principle according to which the international treaties whose object and purpose are of interest to the international community as a whole, should be opened to universal participation.
"2. The Socialist Republic of Romania considers that maintaining the state of dependence of some territories to which reference is made in article 46 of the Convention of Road Traffic, article 38 of the Convention on Road Signs and Signals, article 3 of the European Agreement supplementing the Convention of Road Traffic and article 3 of the European Agreement supple- menting the Convention on Road Signs and Signals are not in keeping with the United Nations Charter and with the documents adopted by the U.N. concerning the granting of independence to the colonial countries and peoples, including the Declaration on the principles of international law concerning the friendly relations and the co-operation between States according to the United Nations Charter, and which has unanimously been adopted by the United Nations General Assembly resolution No. 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970 and which solemnly proclaims the States' obligation to further the implementation of the principle of equal rights for the peoples and their right to dispose of themselves, in order to put a speedy end to colonialism."
Reservations:
The Socialist Republic of Romania does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 52 of the Convention according to which any dispute between two or more Contracting Parties which relates to the interpretation or application of the Convention and which the Partieunable to settle by negotiation or other means may be referred to the International Court of Justice at the request of any of the interested Contracting Parties.
The Socialist Republic of Romania considers that such disputes may be referred to the International Court of Justice for decision only with the consent of all Parties in dispute, for each case individually.

Declaration:

Romania considers that, in accordance with article 5, paragraph 2(a) of the Protocol, the Human Rights Committee shall not have competence to consider communications from an individual if the matter is being or has already been examined under another procedure of international investigation or settlement.

Upon signature:

The Government of the Socialist Republic of Romania declares that the provisions of article 48, paragraph 1, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights are at variance with the principle that all States have the right to become parties to multilateral treaties governing matters of general interest.Upon ratification:(a) The State Council of the Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the provisions of article 48 (1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights are inconsistent with the principle that multilateral international treaties whose purposes concern the international community as a whole must be open to universal participation.(b) The State Council of the Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the maintenance in a state of dependence of certain territories referred to in article 1 (3) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations and the instruments adopted by the Organization on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples, including the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, adopted unanimously by the United Nations General Assembly in its resolution 2625 (XXV) of 1970, which solemnly proclaims the duty of States to promote the realization of the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples in order to bring a speedy end to colonialism.

Upon signature:

The Government of the Socialist Republic of Romania declares that the provisions of article 26, paragraph 1, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights are at variance with the principle that all States have the right to become parties to multilateral treaties governing matters of general interest.
Upon ratification:

(a) The State Council of the Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the provisions of article 26 (1) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights are inconsistent with the principle that multilateral international treaties whose purposes concern the international community as a whole must be open to universal participation.
(b) The State Council of the Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the maintenance in a state of dependence of certain territories referred to in articles 1 (3) and 14 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights is inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations and the instruments adopted by the Organization on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples, including the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, adopted unanimously by the United Nations General Assembly in its resolution 2625 (XXV) of 1970, which solemnly proclaims the duty of States to promote the realization of the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples in order to bring a speedy end to colonialism.

...
The Council of State of the Socialist Republic of Romania declares that the provisions of articles 17 and 18 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination are not in accordance with the principle that multilateral treaties, the aims and objectives of which concern the world community as a whole, should be open to participation by all States.

The Socialist Republic of Romania declares, pursuant to article 15, paragraph 1, that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 14 of the Convention. The position of the Socialist Republic of Romania is that disputes relating to the interpretation or application of the Convention may be referred to the International Court of Justice only with the consent of all the parties to the dispute, in each individual case.

The State Council of the Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the provisions of articles 74 and 76 of the Convention are incompatible with the principle that multilateral international treaties whose subject-matter and purposes are of interest to the international community as a whole should be open for universal accession.

Reservation:

Romania will not apply the provisions of article 1, paragraph 2, of the Convention, regarding the celebration of marriage in the absence of one of the future spouses.

Reservation:

1. With regard to article 5, paragraph 3, Romania declares that it will not apply the criterion of fixation.
2. With regard to article 6, paragraph 2, Romania declares that it will protect radio and television broadcasts only if the headquarters of the broadcasting organization is situated in another Contracting State and the broadcast was transmitted from a transmitter situated in that same Contracting State.
3. With reference to article 16, paragraph 1 (a) (iii) and (iv):
(iii) Romania will not apply any of the provisions of article 12, as regards phonograms the producer of which is not a national of another Contracting State.
(iv) For the producers of phonograms who are nationals of another Contracting State, the scope and length of the protection provided for in article 12 shall be limited to the extent to which and as long as that Contracting State grants protection to phonograms which were originally fixed by a national of Romania.

The Council of State of the Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the provisions of articles 48 and 50 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, done at Vienna on 18 April 1961, are at variance with the principle that all States have the right to become parties to multilateral treaties governing matters of general interest.

Reservations:

(a) ...
(b) The Socialist Republic of Romania does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 12, paragraphs 2 and 3; article 13, paragraph 2; article 14, paragraphs 1 and 2; article 31, paragraph 1 (b), in so far as those provisions refer to States which are not Parties to the Single Convention.
Declarations:

(a) The Council of State of the Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the maintenance of the state of dependence of certain territories to which the provisions of article 42 and article 46, paragraph 1, of the Convention apply is not in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the documents adopted by the United Nations concerning the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples, including the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, unanimously adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in its resolution 2625 (XXV) of 1970, which solemnly proclaims the obligation of States to promote realization of the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples in order to bring an end to colonialism without delay.
(b) The Council of State of the Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the provisions of article 40 of the Convention are not in accordance with the principle that international multilateral treaties, the aims and objectives of which concern the international community as a whole, should be open to participation by all States.

The Socialist Republic of Romania declares, in accordance with the provisions of article 15, that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 14 of the Convention.
The position of the Socialist Republic of Romania is that disputes relating to the interpretation or application of the Convention may be referred to the International Court of Justice only with the agreement of all the parties in dispute in each particular case.
The Socialist Republic of Romania reserves the right, in accordance with article 9, paragraphs (a) and (b) of the Conven- tion, to provide by law or international agreement that the provi-sions of the Convention shall not apply to vessels exclusively employed by the public authorities, or to waterways reserved exclusively for its own shipping.

The Romanian People's Republic will apply the Convention only to differences arising out of legal relationships, whether contractual or not, which are considered as commercial under its legislation.
The Romanian People's Republic will apply the Convention to the recognition and enforcement of awards made in the terri- tory of another Contracting State. As regards awards made in the territory of certain non-contracting States, the Romanian People's Republic will apply the Convention only on the basis of reciprocity established by joint agreement between the parties.

Article 9: The Government of the Romanian People's Republic considers that the principle of international law according to which a ship on the high seas is not subject to any jurisdiction except that of the flag State applies to all government ships regardless of the purpose for which they are used.
Declaration:

The Government of the Romanian People's Republic considers that the definition of piracy as given in article 15 of the Convention on the High Seas does not cover certain acts which under contemporary international law should be considered as acts of piracy.

Article 20 : The Government of the Romanian People's Republic considers that government ships have immunity in foreign territorial waters and that the measures envisaged in this article may not be applied to such ships except with the consent of the flag State.
Article 23 : The Government of the Romanian People's Republic considers that the coastal State has the right to provide that the passage of foreign warships through its territorial waters shall be subject to previous approval.

Reservation:

"1. With reference to the application of Article 23 of the Convention, Romania reserves its right to accord public relief only to stateless persons which are also refugees, under the provisions of the Convention of 28 July 1951 relating to the Status of Refugees and of the Protocol of 31 January 1967 relating to the Status of Refugees or, as the case may be, subject to the provisions of the domestic law;
2. With reference to the application of Article 27 of the Convention, Romania reserves its right to issue identity papers only to stateless persons to whom the competent authorities accorded the right to stay on the territory of Romania permanently or, as the case may be, for a determinated period, subject to the provisions of the domestic law;
3. With reference to the application of Article 31 of the Convention, Romania reserves its right to expel a stateless person staying lawfully on its territory whenever the stateless person committed an offence, subject to the provisions of the legislation in force."

As regards article VII:
[ Same declaration and reservation as the ones reproduced under "Albania". ]

The State Council of the Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the maintenance of the state of dependence of certain territories to which the provisions of articles XIII and XIV of the Agreement refer is inconsistent with the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, which was adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 14 December 1960, by resolution 1514 (XV), which proclaims the necessity of bringing to a speedy and unconditional end colonialism in all its forms and manifestations.
The State Council of the Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the provisions of paragraph 1 of article IX are inconsistent with the principle that all multilateral treaties whose aim and purpose concern the international community as a whole should be open to universal participation.

As regards article XII: The People's Republic of Romania declares that it is not in agreement with article XII of the Convention, and considers that all the provisions of the Convention should apply to the Non-Self-Governing Territories, including the Trust Territories.