Mexico - The development program (Vol. 7 of 7) : Annex 6 : water supply, sewerage and public health

|RETUR . REPORTS DESK! m o_ww R EST R I CT ED l WE ~LI LUIfY. WH4 1'7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Vol~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 .7 This report was prepanred fr n se within thA Rnnk nnel ;! nffilinted e r n nizatOnns I They do not accept responsibility for its accuracy or completeness. The report may not be pub.sheed4 e.Or mo.y it ie quoted as rpreenting th*!r vieWs. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION AN APPRAISAL OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM OF MEXICO VOLUME VII ANNEX VI - WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE AND PUBLIC HEALTH Jtulv 13, 1964 Denazrtment of Onerations Western Hemisphere  f WTD D LIWf- IrPTTT17 A T IWTr CURRENC EQI ^ LENTS U.S. $1 = iZ.49 pesos 1 peso (Mex$) = U.S. $. 08 1 million pesos = U.S. $80, 000  WATZR SUPPLY, SE4PER1G2, kio, PUBTIC HEALTH TA2L[E OF COT,PLAfTS a ,!,later Supply and SeweragFe ITational 'Tater Sup)iy . . . . . . . . . . The F'e'era' Ll s tic . . ... ....... . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The Mexico Valley Scheme... l, Na-Z-7 Area ..... , .1 71exican~ NT l iTiOk ., ., . . . . . .. . ., . . . 18 !4onterr ey. . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E Rural Water Supplies.r2 Public Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Malaria Eradication ................. . . . . 1fiied-ical Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31  A IN N E X 'I WATER STPPLY, SEAIFAGL, A;JD PUBLIC HEALTH 1. The present availability of water supply, sewerage, and public health services is very liiLited: the task faced bv the Mexican authcr- ities is fornidable. A large effort and considerable investment are neerrd just to keen oace with the needs of Mexico's ex1andin7 population. The need is particularly press.ng in ur'oan centers where twater sup-iy ha, not kept pace T-T!ith demnands on t.he existing systems. A still largrer ef- fort will be needed to extend the availability of water facilities to a Percepti`o 1 v & nj` fi2i ~IC f l fl)PlVfl tA n percptiby lr:Te shae o-' te .exi-can, ponuato 2. The 1 ' nrogramn ;i J Ir not. b- ri n;T a-, at a i in t21 achange in any of these services .inder review. The period is too short, the needs are too great, and the financial and hnrrimn resource3 are too liaited to effect quic.. and radical chanr e. Allso, t'he relative snortage of cOmpicted project a. ser"u, ]>l^t-rg fact.r. Ho-viever, the investment pro- grams for tie years ahead will mnark an important step forward in the process of improvement. A rotable a1icve.nt wll be the lnchig of program to resolve Mexico City's larg,e and critical water and sewerage probiem. Sharp increases in expenditure over recent le-els are 0on1te:n- plated in the 1963-65 progra.aJs: tiva-thirds of the expenditures Twould be for urban waiter supply and sewerage facilities and the rest for i,iedical facilities, malaria eradication and rural wfater supplies. 3. An extensive review of the Mexican water supply and sewerage needs and plans was possible. The existing water s-uppl es in Mexico can be roughly classified in three groups. First there are the 62 systems opera-Ged by the Secretaria de Recursos Hidraulicos (SRH), n,mst of which are in urban population centers with more than 2,500 inhiabitants, but do include some rural certers and a iew of the large cities. Secondly, there are tLhe so-called independent systens, mostly in the large cities, but also including supplies in c2nters down to rural coimmunituies. Lastly, theie are those built by rural communities with assistance from the Secretaria de Salubridad y Asistencia (SSA). 4. Major detailed programs were in preparation -..hich could be usefully analyzed in respect of the Federal District and surrounding areas and of the city of Nonterrey. More general plannirg was in process by the Secretaria de Recursos Hidraulicos (SRH) but still of sufficient detail to permit a useful analysis and an appreciation of financing needs. A major gap was in regard to the larger cities with independent systems, where it was generally adimitted that needs were great and that financially sound projects were likely, but that practically no studies or designs had been made.  - 2 - 5. A summary of the investment plans and recommendations is given ir the accompan3ing table. The orojiects are discussel in detAil in later sections. At this point, the mission would point out that the water sup)ly situation in Mexico is as unsatisfactory as in Latin America in general, prirncipally for financial reasons, Even though operating agencies admit that water rates are too low, both in respect to costs and to the capacitly of the people to pay, the rates have not been sufficiently increased be- cause of inertia and political considerations. This has had as its con- sequence inadequate funds for improvements and extensions. No more than a third of the neonle are served w,ith readily available piped water sup- plies and, in spite of the continual Federal and state grants, the numbers of iirhan dwellers without adequate water supply are 6 Ir,Ivestment nlans in sanitat.i on and oublhhlic lth a iimited to the subsequent financial year. The nedical care program of the Secretaria de Salubridad y Asistenci a (SS.), in absence of any other in-formation, is projected on the basis of the 196' anticipated level. The malaria eradi.- r (n i on nomnom i r,n i ; c T.T^ 1 i1l nl n -, e j., h;o nc rv rvv i +.ir r" -ni., - t. - PIIr 1 water, on the other hand, as now drawn up, is not given a priority. 7. Confident establishment of an approPriate public health level of Snvestmet is genrally 'iited to rogrr.swshich have a-eatvlydr:, measurable impact. Malaria eradication is an outstanding example, but others coul.d bU cited, such as, smIal'l pox, yellow faver, venereal da etc., where cause and effect are clearly defined. However, it is in such bIroad puulifi hlealth- programus as44_44 -niomna aiato,mtra n child health, mental health, medical care, and the like, where, prirarily fior 'lack of relable, UtaleUUL Uat, sUUjeti-.U , Ljua_LLieU op-IJiJoJ LLiuJ L be used to estirmate berefits and evaluate the competing deaiands on the available funds. -t is here, that tle -lost careful evaluation of needs and -meticulbus planning are required--and, because of the inherent dif- ficulties, are least often found.  PUBLIC IiVE STEI,T ENi ,ATS. SUPPLY AN1D PUJBLIC HAP LTH -7 L1 flions of pesos) 1963-65 1960-02 Aencvcy iission Actual Programs iteeoinvenclati oris Urban WTater Su-pply alsd See-z Nat,iona' ,~fate^ Fuinnlv 982 Su'ply 8149 530 530 Federal District Sewerage - 781) 785 N-Z-T Area 'Jater Supply - 99 0 N-Z-T Area Sewerage - 253 155 l'ionterre7, .ater and Oewera,,>,e27_'401 1, n 3u 2,9795 ,3 Other Proar;r-,s 2LeciacaLj{ flare 1,22S 1,2 9 1,200 ''Nalaria Eradt5cation 251 4 5i 43 Rural Water S,upply 4Y