Angola - An introductory economic review (Vol. 2 of 2) : Annexes and statistical appendices

Document of UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPEKNT PROGRAMITHE WORLD BANK Report No. 7283-ANG ANGOLA AN INThODUCTORY ECONOMIC REVIEW (in two volumes) Volume II June 26, 1989 ANG/87/001 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without UNDP or World Bank authorization.  CURRC EQ n Since 1975 US$ 1.00 - Kz 29.92 FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31  ANGOLA AN INTRODUCTORY ECONOMIC REVIEW TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume II - Annexes and Statistical Appendix List of Annex Tables Page No. ANNEX I ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DURING THE COLONIAL PERIOD 169 A. Introduction ................. 169 B. A South Atlantic Link ............ ..... . ........ 170 C. Settlement and Contract Labor ..... ................ 174 D. Soldiers and Industrialization ...................... 181 .E. Economy and Society at Independence .... ............. 189 Bibliography ........................................ 193 ANNEX II THE ANGOLAN ECONOMY IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE 196 ANNEX III GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS 199 ANNEX IV THE SYSTEM OF NATIONAL ACCO'UNTS IN ANGOLA 202 ANNEX V THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF SEF 210 ANNEX VI THE TAX SYSTEM 217 ANNEX VII AGRICULTURE 221 A. Agricultural Performance, Policy and Production Response ......... ................................... 215 B. Major Agricultural Products ......... .............. . 225 C. Rural Structure ..................................... 233 D. Agricultural Support Services ....................... 236 E. Agricultural Policy Adjustment and Reform .... ....... 237 ANNEX VIII TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS 243 A. Sector Overview and Organization .... ................ 243 B. Highway System ...................................... 247 C. Rail Transport ...................................... 253 D. Air Sector .......................................... 258 E. Maritime and Port Sector ............................ 263 F. Mail and Telecommunications ......................... 272 G. Availability of Modal Spare Parts .... ............... 277 H. MINTEC Analysis and Planning ........................ 279 I. Issues, Prospects and Recommnendations ..............2 .86 This document has a restricted distributior. and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not 1t r-i- ' . '- '- * - ,* . .  Pase No. ANNEX IX EDUCATION 291 A. Structure and Organization of the Education System ....................................................... 291 B. Primary Education .................................... 297 C. Secondary Education ................... 300 D. Higher Education .................................... 303 E. Recommendations . .............. ..# ...... ...... ... . 306 Statistical Appendix ....................................... 309 MaPs *............... Map I Angola Map II Angola: Relief Map III Angola: Population Density  ANNEX TABLES Page Number Annex I: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DURING THE COLONIAL PERIOD I.1 Principal Exports, 1950-73 ............................. 175 I.2 Major Imports, 1952-73 ................................. 176 1.3 Output of Major Agricultural Product3, 1952-73 ......... 177 1.4 Population and GDP, by Type of Activity ................ 178 I.5 Manufacturing Output by Major Industry Group, 1966-70 .179 I.6 Balance of Payments, 1955-73 .180 I.7 Monetary Development, 1960-73 .181 I.8 Gross Domestic Product, 1953-73 .182 I.9 Selected Social Indicators .183 Annex VI: TAX SYSTEM VI.1 Petroleum Taxation, 1980-8 .217 VI.2 Changes in Price and Output of Crude Oil, 1980-86 218 VI.3 Transfers to Government by Salected Public Enter- prises, 1984-86 .............. 219 Annex VIIs AGRICULTURE VII.1 Distribution of Cattle and Goats in Southern Angola ... 227 VII.2 Losses of State owned Agricultural Enterprises .228 Annex VIII: TRANSPORT VIII.1 Output of MINTEC Controlled Transport Services, 1985-87 ....................................... ........ 244 VIII.2 Output of Transport and Communications Sector .......... 245 VIII.3 Road Network, by Type and Length, 1986 .... ............ 247 VIII.4 MINTEC Bus Utilization Data, by Province, 1985 ......... 250 VIII.5 ETP Urban Bus Performance Indices, 1985-87 ............. 250 VIII.6 Rail Transport, Passengers and Cargo ................... 254 VIII.7 Railway Locomotive and Rolling Stock Data, 1985-e . 255 VIII.8 Benguela Corridor Implementation Costs .257 VIII.9 TAAG Operations, by Market, 1986 . 259 VIII.10 ENAMA Airport Network, 1987 .. 261 VIII.1l Size and Output of Maritime Fleets, 1986 and 1987 .. 265 VIII.12 ANGONAVE Cargo, by Category, 1986 .. 266 VIII.13 SECIL Maritima Fleet, Selected Data, 1986 . . 267 VIII.14 Main Port Freight Throughput, 1985-1987 . . 270 VIII.15 Cabotage Traffic, 1985 .. 271 VIII.16 Throughput of Angolan Mail Office, 1986 . . 274 VIII.17 Interurban Telephone Network, 1975 and 1980 . . 275 VIII.18 ENATEL and EPTEL, Selected Data, 1985 and 1986 .. 276 VIII.19 Projected Freight and Passenger Movements . .281 VIII.20 MINTEC Short Term Strategy, 1987 . .282 VIII.21 MINTEC Proposed Program, 1987 .. 288  Page No. Annex IX: EDUCATION IX.1 Government Budget for Educ'tion, 1980-87 ............... 296 IX.2 Government Expenditure on L..ucation, 1980-82 .296 IX.3 Primary Education - Number of Teachers, Classrooms and Schools, 1981/83 ................................... 298 IX.4 Primary Education Enrollment Ratios .................... 298 IX.5 Primary Education Net Enrollment Ratios for four Provinces .299 IX.6 Primary Education - Average Promotion, Repeat and Dropout Rates, 1980-84 .300 IX.7 Enrollment in Higher Education .304  -169 - ANNEX I Page 1 of 24 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DURING THE COLONIAL PERIOD A. Introduction 1. Unlike the majority of former European colonies in sub-Saharan Africa, which became independent in the late 1950's and early 1960's, Angola has been an independent nation only since 1975. The length of the Portuguese colonial presence in Angola (over 500 years) and its particular characteristics left a colonial legacy which continues to constrain Angolan ecenomic development. The unique natute of the Portuguese colonial cystem is that it was based on an indigenous labor system that was never 'free.* Domestic slavery was legal until 1870 when it was replaced by a brutal system of forced labor (euphemistically c.'led 'contract labor") until