Turkey - Public sector investment review (Vol. 3 of 3) : Statistical Annex

Report No 3472-TU FILE COPY Tur-key CP Public Sector Investment Review (In Three Volumes) Volume III: Statistical Annex December 7, 1961 Country Programs Department 11 Europe, Middle East and North Africa Region FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Document of the VVord Bank This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disdosed without VWorld Bank authorization.  TURKEY CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit Jan. 1980 /1 Oct. 1980 June 30, 1981 Sept. 1, 1981 US Dollar = TL 70.0 /2 TL 83.50 /2 TL 100.00 /2 TL 120.00 TL 1 US$ 0.01 US$ 0.01 US$ 0.01 US$ 0.01 /1 Since January 1980, the rate is being adjusted for the differential inflation between Turkey and its major trading partners. TL 80/$1.00, the rate prevailing during the third quarter of 1980 when the 1981 Investment Program was prepared, was used for this report. /2 Except for imports of fertilizers and insecticides/pesticides, as well as raw materials and inputs for their manufacture, for which the rate was TL 55/$1.00 in January 1980, TL 70.0/$1.00 from October 1980, and TL 85.34/$1.00 from April 15, 1981. FISCAL YEAR March 1 to February 28.  FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY This report is based on the findings of a Special Economic Mission that visited Turkey in October - November 1980., The Mission consisted of the following; Robert Sadove, Mission Chief Jayanta Roy, Deputy Mission Chief Robert Bonney Sawai Boonma Sudhir Chitale Luis Hlennicke Jacques Kozub Andres Liebenthal Surinder Malik Turgut Ogmen (Consultant) Helena Ribe Bernard Russell (Consultant) Jivat Thadani Hendrik van Helden (Consultant) Fan Fan Wialker Bertil Walstedt (Consultant) Victor Wouters This report also draws upon research and studies undertaken by the Bank Staff and Mr. Mete Durdag (Consultant) on related areas. This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be diclosed without World Bank authorization.  ...  LIST OF STATISTICAL TABLES- Table Number Section 1; Population and Employment 1.1; Demographic Characteristics 1.2; Labor Force, Employment and Unemployment 1.3; Employment in Manufacturing Industry 1.4; Annual Emigration and Workers Employed Abroad 1.5: Employment by SEEs Section 2; National Income Accounts 2.1 Gross Domestic Production at Current Prices by Sectoral Origin 2.2; Gross Domestic Product at 1968 Prices by Sectoral Origin 2.3; Expenditure on Gross National Product at Current Prices 2.4; Expenditure on Gross National Product at 1968 Prices 2.5; Sectoral Fixed Investment at Current Prices by Government and Private Sectors, 1963-71 2.6; Sectoral Fixed Investment at Current Prices by Government and Private Sectors, 1972-80 2.7: Sectoral Fixed Investment at 1976 Prices by Government and Private Sectors, 1963-71 2.8: Sectoral Fixed Investment at 1976 Prices by Government and Private Sectors, 1972-80 2.9; Annual Growth Rates of Sectoral Fixed Investment at 1976 Prices by Government and Private Sectors 2.10; Selected Periods of Average Annual Growth Rates of Sectoral Fixed Investment at 1976 Prices 2.11; Share of Sectoral Fixed Investment to Total Fixed Investment 2.12; Share of Sectoral Public Fixed Investment to Total Public Fixed Investment 2.13; Share of Sectoral Private Fixed Investment to Total Private Fixed Investment Section 3; Foreign Trade and Balance of Payments 3.1; Balance of Payments 3.2; Commodity Composition of Exports 3.3; Commodity Composition of Imports 3.4: Invisible Receipts and Payments 3.5: Geographic Distribution of Exports 3.6: Geographic Distribution of Imports  Section 4: External Debt 4.1; Long-term Debt Outstanding 4.2; Disbursement Received from Long-term Loans 4.3; Long-term Loan Commitments Received 4.4; Average Terms of Long-Term Public Sector External Commitments Received Section 5: Public Finance 5.1; Consolidated Budget Summary 5.2: Consolidated Government Revenue 5.3: Internal Public Debt 5.4: Profit and Loss Account of SEEs 5.5: Financing of Investment by SEEs 5.6 Fixed Investment by SEEs Section 6: Money and Banking 6.1: Money and Banking 6.2: Distribution of Central Bank Credits 6.3; Consolidated Commercial Bank Credits 6.4: Composition of Bank Deposits 6.5; Lending and Deposit Interest Rates Section 7: Prices and Wages 7.1: Price Indices 7.2: Average Daily Wages of Workers by Economic Activity 7.3: Trends in Real and Nominal (Daily) Wages 7.4: Government Salaries by Grades, 1970-77 7.5: Public and Private Sector Wages 7.6: Collective Agreements and Coverage in Turkey Section 8; Agriculture 8.1: Principal Land Use 8.2 Land Areas for Cereals, Pulses, and Industrial Crops 8.3: Output of Cereals, Pulses and Industrial Crops 8.4: Yields of Cereals, Pulses and Industrial Crops 8.5; Output of Nuts and Fruits 8.6: Use of Major Agricultural Inputs 8.7; Agricultural Support Prices 8.8: Official Prices of Agricultural Inputs  Section 9; Industry 9.1: Output of Selected Industrial Goods 9.2; Value of Manufacturing Production 9.3; Fixed Investment in Manufacturing 9.4; Sectoral Distribution of Establishments, Employment, Output, Value Added and Investment in Public Manufacturing Industry - 1979 9.5: Sectoral Distribution of Establishment, Employment, Output, Value Added and Investment in Private Manufact.uring Industry - 1979 9.6; Production Figures for the first three months of 1979, 1980,. 1981 9.7; Output of Petroleum, Coal and Major Minerals 9.8; Production of Electricity (Gross) Symbols Used in Statistical Tables Not available Zero or negligible   GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AEK - Atomic Energy Commission BOTAS - Turkish Pipeline Corporation CHP - Combined heat and power CTC - Central Traffic Control DONATIM (TZDK) - Agricultural Supply Office DSI - State Hydraulic Works EEC European Economic Community EIE - Electrical Survey Administration FFYP - Fourth Five Year Plan GDAA - General Directorate of Agricultural Affairs GDH - General Directorate of Highways ICOR - Incremental Capital Output Ratio IMF - International Monetary Fund IPRAS - Istanbul Petroleum Refinery Corporation LPG - Liquified petroleum gas MAF - Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry MENR - Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources MKEK - Mechanical and chemical industries M&LT - Medium and long-term MTA - Mining Research and Development Institute mtoe - Million tons oil equivalent NFS - Nonfactor services NPV - Net present value O&M - Operation and maintenance p.c.k. - Passenger car per kilometer PETKIM - Petrochemicals Corporation PTT - Post, Telegraph and Telephone General Directorate SEE - State Economic Enterprise SEKA - Paper Company SPO - State Planning Organization TCA - Transport Coordinating Agency TCDD - Turkish State Railways TCZB - Agricultural Bank of Turkey TEK - Turkish Electricity Authority TKI - Turkish Coal Enterprise TL - Turkish Lira TMO - Grain Storage and Marketing - Organization TPAO - Turkish Petroleum Company TRT - Turkish Radio and Television TSF, TSFC - Turkish Sugar Factories Corporation TSKB - Industrial Development Bank of Turkey TUMOSAN - Turkish Motors Industries TZDK (DONATDI) - Agricultural Supply Office WDR - World Development Report YEM - General Directorate of Feed Industry YSE - General Directorate for Infrastructure, Ministry of Village Affairs  WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1 ton (metric: 1,000 kilograms (kg)) = 1,205 lbs m tons 1 million tons tpy = tons per year DWT = deadweight ton 1 kilocalorie (kcal) = 3.968 British thermal units (BTU) tpe (toe) = ton petroleum oil equivalent = 10 million kcal mtoe 1 million tons oil equivalent kW = kilowatt = 1,000 watts MW = Megawatt 1,000 kW kWh = kilowatt hour GWh = Gigwatt hour = 1 million kWh kV = kilovolt - 1,000 volts m = meter = 3.281 feet km = kilometer = 1,000 meters 0.624 mile km2 = square kilometer 0.386 square mile ha = hectare = 2.471 acres m-3 = cubic meter = 35.31 cubic feet SCF = standard cubic foot liter 0 0,264 IJS gallon b/d = barrells per day = 50 tons per year (approx.)  Table 1.1: DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS (In thousands) Estimate 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Population (mid-year estimates) /1 37132 38072 39036 40025 40938 41871 42825 43801 44799 Rural-urban distribution Rural 22205 22462 22602 22870 23134 23389 23644 23889 - Urban 14927 15610 16434 17155 17804 18482 19181 19912 - Age structure distribution Ages 0-14 years 15984 15876 16278 16106 16347 16518 16659 16793 - Ages 15-64 years 19514 20521 21001 22109 22762 23h77 242352 25015 - Ages 65 and over 1634 1675 1757 1810 1829 1876 1931 1993 - 1960-65 1965-70 1970-75 1975-80 Crude birth rate /2 41.5 40.8 35.0 32.2 - Crude death rate /2 15.3 13.5 10.8 10.0 Infant mortality rate /3 180 133 120 110 Life expectancy at birth. Male 50.3 52.8 58.3 58.3 Female 53.2 56.1 59.4 62.8 Gross reproduction rate 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.2 /1 Derived from census data of 1960, 1970, 1975 and 1980 (As of July 1) /2 Per thousand of population /3 The number of infants xwho die before 1 year of age, per thousand live births in a give year Source: State Institute of Statistics; SPO, Annual Program (various issues); SPO, Third Plan and Fourth Plan; World Development Report, 1978, 1979.  Table 1.2; LABOR FORCE, EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT (In thousands) 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Total oivilian labor force 14951 15236 15462 15811 15925 16387 16640 16905 17183 Total civilian employment 14037 14213 14452 14668 14678 15121 15249 15256 15310 Agriculture 9589 9390 9426 9463 9280 9546 9537 9529 9520 Industry 1507 1574 1650 1691 1747 1801 1826 1794 1802 Mining and quarrying 96 97 109 108 109 117 120 123 118 Manufacturing 1354 1417 1461 1507 1561 1592 1610 1571 1585 Electricity, water and gas 58 60 80 76 77 93 97 100 100 Construction 436 469 483 501 534 547 562 578 583 Transportation, storage and communications 384 416 434 451 474 495 501 508 501 Wholesale and retail trade 515 560 579 600 611 637 646 637 641 Banking, insurance and real estate 138 164 170 176 186 198 204 .208 214 Services 1324 1361 1434 1513 1576 1641 1700 1730 1776 Unspecified 144 279 276 273 270 256 273 273 273 Urban and rural unemployment excluding agricultural labor surplus 914 1023 1010 1143 1247 1266 1391 1649 1873 Agricultural labor surplus at peak season /1 900 950 920 900 900 740 720 700 700 Domestic labor surplus 1814 1973 1930 2043 2147 2006 2111 2349 2573 Domestic labor surplus ratio 12.1 12.9 12.5 12.9 13.5 12.2 12.7 13.9 15.0 Labor stock abroad 660 767 758 711 708 728 748 768 788 Total labor surplus 2474 2740 2688 2754 2855 2734 2859 3117 3361 Total labor surplus ratio 16.5 17.2 16.6 16.6 14.2 16.7 17.2 18.4 19.6 /1 Appears also as part of employment in agriculture. Source. State Planning Organization  Table 1.3: EMPLOYMENT IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY (In thousand) 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Food and beverage 87.8 93.1 103.2 104.3 109.4 111.2 116.0 122.0 129.6 124.5 Tobacco processing 34.8 32.3 38.7 40.9 37.1 38.5 38.6 50.0 47.0 41.7 Textiles and apparels 136.0 134.3 144.5 151.7 159.2 165.7 177.7 172.8 181.5 183.4 Wood products 11.8 12.3 15.4 14.3 14.5 16.9 15.8 15.8 17.9 16.9 Paper and paper products 12.2 15.2 15.2 14.6 15.5 15.9 16.4 16.4 3.7 3.2 Printing 9.8 9.9 10.0 10.4 10.6 10.0 10.5 9.7 17.6 15.8 Leather and fur 2.7 3.8 2.8 3.0 3.7 5.3 4.2 4.1 10.5 10.6 Rubber products 8.8 8.8 9.9 11.5 10.7 11.2 10.9 13.6 43.4 43.5 Chemicals 30.6 28.8 32.2 35.4 37.1 40.6 42.8 42.4 10.0 9.7 Petroleum I 2.2 5.4 3.9 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 10.4 11.6 11.0 Non-metallic minerals 36.8 37.6 41.3 43.7 48.8 50.8 55.2 55.1 19.5 18.4 Basic metals 31.1 34.3 37.3 47.0 54.0 64.8 69.7 76.5 59.6 61.2 Metal products 33.7 30.0 33.7 33.6 34.0 34.9 29.4 32.1 82.2 81.3 Machinery 20.7 21.9 28.6 38.0 37.9 41.8 41.1 41.0 37.8 38.4 Electrical machinery 10.0 14.1 15.7 20.1 23.3 25.8 27.2 28.1 47.2 47.4 Transport equipment 33.0 34.0 37.4 49.1 50.1 52.2 54.7 53.8 34.3 31.7 Other manufacturing 8.5 10.1 12.7 15.3 15.1 16.0 17.3 16.8 57.6 53.3 Total 510.4 525.8 582.5 637.6 666.1 706.9 732.9 760.4 811.1 792.1 of which: Public sector 185.4 198.2 212.4 225.6 228.9 247.7 259.9 287.3 287.0 283.5 private sector 325.0 327.6 370.1 412.0 437.2 459.2 473.0 473.1 524.1 508.6 Source: Turkiye Imalat Sanayiinde Sermaye Ve Tsgucu. Kutlay Ebiri, 1977.  Table 1.4: ANNUAL EMIGRATION AND WORKERS EMPLOYED ABROAD First Half 1961-69/1 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 EEC 340874 111809 80106 77424 123712 13976 756 2304 2582 1435 1011 852 140 Germany 315741 96936 65684 65875 103793 1228 640 2101 2413 1333 933 764 119 Belgium 13917 431 583 113 265 555 59 72 45 41 27 35 4 France 279 9036 7697 10610 17544 10577 25 6 15 13 11 21 4 Netherlands 10925 4843 4853 744 1994 1503 32 98 89 48 40 32 13 United Kingdom 12 563 1289 82 116 113 - 27 20 - - - - EFTA 8661 12220 5962 5784 8192 3271 455 953 829 380 429 1493 171 Austria 7662 10622 4620 4472 7083 2501 226 672 58. 54 23 944 48 Switzerland 999 1598 1342 1312 1109 770 229 281. 246 326 406 549 123 Others 1686 5546 2174 2021 3916 2964 3208 7301 15673 17037 22190 26158 13228 Australia 1077 1186 879 640 886 1138 401 339 542 549 407 409 112 Libya - - - - - - 1128 4098 8582 7726 9825 15090 7514 Others 609 4360 1295 1381 3030 1826 1679 2864 6549 8762 11958 10659 5601 TOTAL 351221 129575 88242 85229 135820 20211 4419 10558 19084 18852 23630 28503 13538 Total workers employed abroad/2 479320 567762 652991 788811 809022 813441 823999 848038 861935 868542 . /1 Total for the period. 7_ Estimate including illegal workers. Source: General Directorate of Enployment Exchange, Ministry of Labor  - 5 - Table 1.5: EMPLOYMENT BY SEEs (thousands) Year Administrative Personnel Labor Total 1970 165,738 196,562 362,300 1971 170,601 204,020 374,621 1972 179,921 212,462 392,383 1973 192,360 233,502 425,862 1974 179,291 324,543 503,834 1975 195,979 348,399 544,378 1976 216,624 368,964 585,588 1977 225,441 410,758 636,199 1978 233,612 405,203 638,815 1979 242,113 409,761 651,874 1980 244,049 401,882 645,931 Source: SPO  Table 2.1; GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AT CURRENT PRICES BY SECTORAL ORIGIN (In millions of Turkish Liras) 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Agriculture 59243 73154 105512 136114 177350 219773 301311 465792 925353 Crops and'livestock 57515 70697 102628 132412 172222 211091 289926 448667 891277 Forestry 1336 1920 2136 2756 3930 6945 8779 11843 23064 Fishing 392 537 747 947 1198 1737 2606 5282 11013 Industry 40683 53372 76110 93531 114978 158007 273391 479855 1033627 Mining and quarrying 3310 3679 5209 5937 7475 14299 19832 30968 70963 Manufacturing 34687 46159 66070 79846 97925 129707 232071 416695 877819 Electricity, gas and water 2686 3534 5432 7748 9578 14001 21488 32192 84845 Construction 12291 14783 18829 24621 31027 42096 63992 103873 213130 Wholesale and retail trade 26571 35057 52265 64752 81643 107004 165931 301823 638977 Transport, storage and communications 18002 25336 35538 43281 54831 72236 110062 223785 408565 Banking, insurance and other financial institutions 4506 6580 10092 12602 16825 20238 25931. 36404 80392 Ownership of dwelling 8896 10934 13279 17887 24636 34136 53722 85956 191888 Private services 10768 14149 19344 25048 31872 41155 62633 108639 222852 Government services 25560 32296 38203 50547 66476 101478 133100 235230 377627 Gross domestic product at factor cost 206520 265661 369772 468382 599639 796123 .1190073 2041357 4092412 Indirect taxes less subsidies 25595 29840 39974 50791 64298 66844 84708 140589 233058 Gross domestic product at current market prices 232115 295501 409746 519173 663937 862967 1274781 2181946 4325470 Net factor income from abroad 8694 14328 17351 16598 11049 9926 15943 43626 107189 GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT AT CURRENT MARKET PRICES 240809 309829 427097 535771 674986 872894 1290723 2225572 4432659 Source: State Institute of Statistics; State Planning Organization  Table 2.2: GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AT 1968 PRICES BY SECTORAL ORIGIN (In millions of Turkish liras) 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Agriculture 36065 32411 35762 39675 42732 42180 43302 44518 45268 Crops and livestock 35089 31394 34658 38352 41483 41000 41874 42985 43622 Forestry 721 735 794 .981 874 805 988 994 1015 Fishing 256 282 310 341 374 375 440 539 631 Industry 27118 30194 32688 35615 39165 43145 45991 43429 41038 Mining and quarrying 2123 2224 2700 3017 3169 4411 5590 4678 4236 Manufacturing 23292 26112 27912 30165 33115 35547 36818 34881 33058 Electricity, gas and water 1703 1857 2077 2433 2881 3187 3583 3869 3744 Construction 8348 8956 9504 10310 11164 11783 12271 12786 12885 Wholesale and retail trade 16951 18904 20966 22963 25170 26413 27448 26813 25634 Transport, storage and communications 12401 13914 15064 16281 17836 19023 19502 18642 17965 Banking, insurance and other financial institutions 3036 3312 3614 3852 4158 4566 4785 4929 5018 Ownership of dwellings 6191 6616 7048 7485 8492 8818 9174 9528 9921 Private services 6705 7008 7600 8288 8856 9241 9536 9449 9350 Government services 12868 13734 14625 15471 16558 17546 18629 19416 20546 Gross domestic product at factor cost 129683 135049 146869 159938 174130 182716 190639 189509 187624 Indirect taxes less subsidies 14380 15380 16369 17823 19077 18861 16675 15977 16272 Gross domestic product at 1968 market prices 144063 150429 163238 177761 193207 201577 207314 205486 203896 Net factor income from abroad 4414 6029 4776 3623 2543 1781 1869 2857 2165 GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT AT 1968 MARKET PRICES 148477 156458 168013 181383 195751 203358 209183 208343 206061 Source; State Institute of Statistics; State Planning Organization  Table 2.3: EXPENDITURE ON GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT AT CURRENT PRICES (In millions of Turkish Liras) 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Consumption 196748 247314 352607 442096 559692 719507 1012348 1730219 3563470 Government 31062 38349 47000 63885 84615 116000 172700 292000 544100 Private 165686 208965 305607 376211 475077 603507 839648 1412167 3019370 Fixed investment 40573 53416 72965 104688 142199 194585 286844 475777 861279 Government 20200 25078 35309 53788 75227 107739 134961 237626 482194 Private 20373 28338 37926 50900 66972 86846 151883 238151 379005 Stock changes 3600 2505 11592 16134 10026 19900 26301 63350 236431 Exports of goods and non-factor services 17005 25188 31199 31689 44150 45648 72030 108375 305371 Imports of goods and non-factor services 25811 32922 58616 75434 92130 116673 122742 195775 641081 Gross domestic product at current market prices 232115 295501 409746 519173 663937 862967 1274781 2181946 4325470 Net factor income from abraod 8694 14328 17351 16598 11049 9926 15943 43626 107189 GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT AT CURRENT MARKET PRICES 240809 309829 427097 535771 674986 872894 1290723 2225572 4432659 Source; State Institute of Statistics; State Planning Organization  Table 2.4: EXPENDITURE ON GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT AT 1968 PRICES (In millions of Turkish Liras) 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Consumption 120376 122399 130506 138951 152991 157956 156975 155169 157083 Government 16416 17072 18326 20482 22377 23384 25863 26636 28871 Private 103960 105327 112180 118469 130614 134572 131112 128533 128212 Fixed investment 25500 29970 33907 41265 46456 49745 49302 47823 42787 Government 12675 14172 16148 20939 24215 27408 23452 24652 24075 Private 12825 15798 17759 21021 22241 22337 25850 23171 18712 Stock.changes 2263 1409 5354 6313 3241 5064 4545 6251 9261 Exports of goods and non-factor services 9326 11711 9969 9931 11926 10081 10962 9225 10397 Imports of goods and non-factor services 13402 15060 16499 18699 21407 21269 14470 12982 15632 Gross domestic product at 1968 market prices 144063 150429 163238 177761 193207 201577 207314 205486 203896 Net factor income from abroad 4414 6029 4776 3623 2544 1781 1869 2857 2165 GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT AT 1968 MARKET PRICES 148477 156458 168013 181383 195751 203358 209183 208343 206061 Source; State Institute of Statistics; State Planning Organization  - 10 - Table 2.5: SECTORAL FIXED INVESTMENT AT CURRENT PRICES BY GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTOR,1963-1971 (In millions of Turkish Liras) 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 -------------------------------------------------------------------__--------__----------------------------------------- Agticulture 1,345 1,599 1,867 2,230 2,601 3,074 3,144 3,106 3,306 Government 768 1,039 1,267 1,430 1,606 1,974 1,944 1,956 1,849 Private 577 560 600 800 995 1,100 1,200 1,150 1,456 Mining and quarrying 398 584 802 950 774 620 690 906 1,066 Government 313 354 592 750 580 500 540 726 844 Private 85 230 210 200 194 119 150 180 223 Manufacturing 2,305 2,016 1,965 2,593 3,434 4,348 5,463 6,755 8,524 Government 485 646 665 993 1,300 1,748 2,363 2,865 3,674 Private 1,820 1,370 1,300 1,600 2,134 2,600 3,100 3,890 4,851 Electricity, gas and water 429 639 716 920 1,181 1,693 2,120 2,638 2,437 Government 425 609 691 895 1,116 1,543 1,945 2,488 2,256 Private 4 30 25 25 65 150 175 150 181 Transportation, storage and communications 1,533 1,474 1,694 2,410 2,786 3,299 3,926 4,504 5,594 Government 1,333 1,174 1,244 1,710 2,004 2,349 2,.626 3,054 3,791 Private 200 300 450 700 782 950 1,300 1,450 1,803 Tourism 64 92 164 246 251 461 509 567 646 Government 24 32 44 66 61 161 159 182 222 Private 40 60 120 180 190 300 350 385 424 Housing 2,319 2,292 2,686 3,317 3,505 3,878 4,639 5,799 6,984 Government 159 192 186 293 365 403 539 654 604 Private 2,160 2,100 2,500 3,024 3,140 3,475 4,100 5,145 6,380 Education 619 812 767 886 1,013 1,309 1,210 1,207 1,394 Government 611 802 752 871 1,000 1,279 1,175 1,172 1,366 Private 8 10 15 15 13 30 35 35 29 Health 117 185 225 272 299 358 410 400 444 Government 111 175 215 257 287 333 375 365 401 Private 6 10 10 15 12 25 35 35 43 Others 536 585 662 890 1,011 1,216 1,496 1,460 1,807 Government 526 405 462 590 686 866 1,096 980 1,196 Private 10 180 200 300 325 350 400 480 612 TOTAL FIXED INVESTMENT 9,664 10,277 11,548 14,714 16,854 20,256 23,608 27,342 32,203 GOVERNMENT 4,754 5,427 6,118 7,855 9,004 11,156 12,763 14,442 16,203 PRIVATE 4,910 4,850 5,430 6,859 7,850 9,100 10,845 12,900 16,000 Source: State Planning Organization  - 11 - Table 2.6: SECTORAL FIXED INVESTMENT AT CURRENT PRICES BY GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTOR 1972-1980 (In millions of Turkish Liras) --------------------------------------------------------------__-------------__----------------------------------------- 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 -------------------------------------------------------------------__--------__----------------------------------------- Agriculture 4,236 6,385 7,992 10,945 19,955 25,351 .29,071 32,411 64,625 Government 1,958 2,328 3,452 4,936 7,849 12,370 13,971 17,911 33,579 Private 2,278 4,057 4,540 6,009 12,106 12,981 15,100 14,500 31,046 Mining and quarrying 1,344 1,780 2,483 3,495 5,849 7,682 11,425 19,666 38,374 Government 1,081 1,580 2,231 3,195 5,531 7,312 10,860 18,701 36,354 Private 263 200 252 300 318 370 565 965 2,020 Manufacturing 12,657 15,566 22,098 32,265 38,138 49,504 67,352 109,051 233,089 Government 5,929 5,966 7,651 15,030 17,421 24,034 27,900 61,986 139,664 Private 6,728 9,600 14,447 17,235 20,717 25,470 39,452 47,065 93,425 Electricity, gas and water 2,885 3,470 4,939 6,932 11,471 16,057 25,403 58,512 119,741 Government 2,685 3,290 4,739 6,682 11,296 15,807 25,163 57,912 117,921 Private 200 180 200 250 175 250 240 600 1,820 Transportation, storage and communications 7,382 10,176 14,399 20,107 27,455 41,466 55,900 76,664 133,612 Government 4,797 6,615 9,332 12,922 17,903 26,616 32,232 46,414 87,860 Private 2,586 3,561 5,067 7,185 9,552 14,850 23,668 30,250 45,752 Tourism 636 877 881 919 1,164 1,528 2,431 3,154 4,655 Government 193 347 324 374 554 903 1,171 1,794 2,320 Private 443 530 557 545 610 625 1,260 1,360 2,335 Housing 7,597 9,765 12,174 19,187 23,040 31,922 71,540 141,280 196,700 Government 472 405 552 1,387 1,688 2,522 3,792 6,789 9,928 Private 7,125 9,360 11,622 17,800 21,352 29,400 67,748 134,491 186,772 Education 1,315 1,850 2,608 3,552 4,917 5,591 6,776 8,538 18,065 Government 1,280 1,810 2,508 3,472 4,737 5,371 6,526 8,038 17,340 Private 35 40 100 80 180 220 250 500 725 Health 548 564 857 1,145 1,727 2,016 3,046 4,482 7,796 Government 498 504 807 1,071 1,637 1,936 2,946 3,812 6,996 Private 50 60 50 74 90 80 100 670 800 Others 1,972 2,983 4,534 6,141 8,483 13,468 13,900 22,019 44,622 Government 1,307 2,233 3,443 4,719 6,611 10,868 10,400 14,269 30,232 Private 665 750 1,091 1,422 1,872 2,600 3,500 7,750 14,390 TOTAL FIXED INVESTMENT 40,573 53,416 72,965 104,688 142,199 194,585 286,844 475,777 861,279 GOVERNMENT 20,201 25,078 35,039 53,788 75,227- 107,739 134,961 237,626 482,194 PRIVATE 20,372 28,338 37,926 50,900 66,972 86,846 151,883 238,151 379,085 Source: State Planning Organization  - 12 - Table 2.7: SECTORAL FIXED INVESTMENT AT 1976 PRICES BY GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTOR, 1963-1971 (In millions of Turkish liras) 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 Agriculture 4,972 5,731 6,137 6,455 7,451 8,605 B,379 7,872 6,830 Government 3,093 3,977 4,547 4,882 4,908 5,776 5,338 5,114 4,156 Private 1,879 1,754 1,590 1,573 2,543 2,829 3,041 2,758 2,674 Mining and quarrying 1,594 2,220 2,888 3,300 2,504 1,950 2,081 2,593 2,350 Government 1,254 1,346 2,132 2,605 1,876 1,575 1,629 2,078 1,859 Private 340 874 756 695 628 375 452 515 491 Manufacturing 9,577 7,978 7,214 9,079 11,511 14,348 17,321 19,008 18,994 Government 2,016 2,556 2,439 3,477 4,357 5,769 7,493 8,031 8,186 Private 7,561 5,422 4,775 5,602 7,154 8,579 9,828 10,977 10,808 Electricity, gas and water 1,934 2,703 2,863 3,172 3,862 5,422 6,537 7,869 6,238 Government 1,916 2,576 2,763 3,085 3,650 4,941 5,998 7,421 5,775 Private 18 127 100 87 212 481 539 448 463 Transportation, storage and communications 6,140 5,651 6,043 8,050 8,697 10,054 11,058 11,673 10,916 Government 5,330 4,545 4,519 6,002 6,422 7,320 7,376 7,890 7,934 Private 810 1,106 1,524 2,048 2,275 2,734 3,682 3,783 2,982 Tourism 258 371 618 868 828 1,453 1,525 1,591 1,559 Government 95 130 167 234 201 507 477 510 537 Private 163 241 451 634 627 946 1,048 1,081 1,022 Housing 9,279 8,761 9,615 11,316 10,809 11,491 13,007 15,402 16,093 Government 635 732 665 998 1,125 1,195 1,512 1,738 1,391 Private 8,644 8,029 8,950 10,318 9,684 10,296 11,495 13,664 14,702 Education 2,528 3,173 2,756 3,037 3,182 3,976 3,503 3,334 3,141 Government 2,495 3,134 2,703 2,986 3,141 3,884 3,401 3,237 3,077 Private 33 39 53 51 41 92 102 97 64 Health 485 732 807 930 950 1,107 1,217 1,141 974 Government 459 693 771 879 913 1,030 1,113 1,041 880 Private 26 39 36 51 37 77 104 100 94 Others 2,206 2,300 2,400 3,005 3,191 3,726 4,395 4,043 3,899 Government 2,165 1,592 1,675 1,992 2,165 2,656 3,223 2,715 2,581 Private 41 708 725 1,013 1,026 1,070 1,172 1,328 1,318 TOTAL FIXED INVESTMENT 38,973 39,620 41,341 49,212 52,985 62,132 69,023 74,526 70,994 GOVERNMENT 19,458 21,281 22,381 27,140 28,758 34,653 37,560 39,775 36,376 PRIVATE 19,515 18,339 18,960 22,072 24,227 27,479 31,463 34,751 34,618 Source: SPO  - 13 - Table 2.8: SECTORAL FIXED INVESTMENT AT 1976 PRICES BY GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTOR ,1972-1980 (In millions of Turkish liras) 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Agriculture 7,683 10,181 11,015 13,050 19,955 19,837 14,892 9,831 9,656 Government 3,842 4,055 4,910 5,977 7,849 9,532 7,304 5,552 5,413 Private 3,841 6,126 6,105 7,073 12,106 10,305 7,588 4,279 4,243 Mining and quarrying 2,714 3,255 3,549 4,137 5,849 6,247 6,369 6,634 6,226 Government 2,183 2,889 3,189 3,782 5,531 5,946 6,054 6,309 5,898 Private 531 366 360 355 318 301 315 325 328 Manufacturing 25,043 27,347 31,915 38,955 38,138 40, 421 38,738 36,442 37,602. Government 11,731 10,481 11,050 18,127 17,421 19,625 15,556 20,714 22,531 Private 13,312 16,866 20,865 20,828 20,717 20,796 23, 182 15,728 15,071 Electricity, gas and water 5,737 6,411 7,296 8,177 11,471 12,862 13,975 18,842 18,484 Government 5,339 6,078 7,001 7,882 11,296 12,662 13,843 18,649 18,203 Private 398 333 295 295 175 200 132 193 281 Transportation, storage and communications 13,008 16,189 19,701 23,723 27,455 31,986 28,545 22,998 18,623 Government 8,985 11,339 13,019 15,838 17,903 21,251 17,560 15,176 13,125 Private 4,023 4,850 6,682 7,885 9,552 10,735 10,985 7,822 5,498 Tourism 1,288 1,583 1,273 1,167 1,164 1,088 1,187 882 716 Government 391 626 468 -475 554 643 572 502 357 Private 897 957 805 692 610 445 615 380 359 Housing 15,240 17,487 17,532 23,963 23,040 24,096 36,436 41,642 30,738 Government 947 725 795 1,732 1,688 1,904 1,931 2,001 1,551 Private 14,293 16,762 16,737 22,231 21,352 22,192 34,505 39,641 29,187 Education 2,591 3,263 3,790 4,333 4,917 4,230 3,472 2,565 2,615 Government 2,522 3,192 3,645 4,235 4,737 4,064 3,344 2,415 2,510 Private 69 71 145 98 180 166 128 150 105 Health 1,058 977 1,254 1,363 1,727 1,530 1,571 1,373 1,054 Government 961 873 1,181 1,275 1,637 1,469 1,519 1,168 946 Private 97 104 73 88 90 61 52 205 108 Others 3,739 5,036 6,463 7,437 8,483 9,974 6,911 6,324 6,282 Government 2,478 3,770 4,908 5,723 6,611 8,049 5,171 4,098 4,256 Private 1,261 1,266 1,555 1,714 1,872 1,925 1,740 2,226 2,026 TOTAL FIXED INVESTMENT 78,101 91,729 103,788 126,305 142,199 152,271 152,096 147,533 131,996 GOVERNMENT 39,379 44,028 50,166 65,046 75,227 85,145 72,854 76,584 74,790 PRIVATE 38,722 47,701 53,622 61,259 66,972 67,126 79,242 70,949 57,206 Source: SPo  - 14 - Table 2.9: ANNUAL GROWTH RATES O SECTORAL FIXED INVESTMENT AT 1976 PRICES BY GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTOR (In percent) _--______________________________________________________________________--_____________________________________________ G R O W T H R A T E S 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 -------------------------------------------------------------------__--------__----------------------------------------- Agriculture 12.5 32.5 8.2 18.5 52.9 -0.6 -24.9 -34.0 -1.8 Government -7.6 5.5 21.1 21.7 31.3 21.4 -23.4 -24.0 -2.5 Private 43.6 59.5 -0.3 15.9 71.2 -14.9 -26.4 -43.6 -0.8 Mining and quarrying 15.5 19.9 9.0 16.6 41.4 6.8 2.0 4.2 -6.2 Government 17.4 32.3 10.4 18.6 46.2 7.5 1.8 4.2 -6.5 Private 8.1 -31.1 -1.6 -1.4 -10.4 -5.3 4.7 3.2 0.9 Manufacturing 31.8 9.2 16.7 22.1 -2.1 6.0 -4.2 -5.9 3.2 Government 43.3 -10.7 5.4 64.0 -3.9 12.7 -20.7 33.2 8.8 Private 23.2 26.7 23.7 -0.2 -0.5 0.4 11.5 -32.2 -4.2 Electricity, gas and water -8.0 11.7 13.8 12.1 40.3 12.1 8.7 34.8 -1.9 Government -7.5 13.8 15.2 12.6 43.3 12.1 9.3 34.7 -2.4 Private -14.0 -16.3 -11.4 0.0 -40.7 14.3 -34.0 46.2 45.6 Transportation, storage and communications 19.2 24.5 21.7 20.4 15.7 16.5 -10.8 -19.4 -19.0 Government 13.2 26.2 14.8 21.7 13.0 18.7 -17.4 -13.6 -13.5 Private 34.9 20.6 37.8 18.0 21.1 12.4 2.3 -28.8 -29.7 Tourism -17.4 22.9 -19.6 -8.3 -0.3 -6.5 9.1 -25.7 -18.8 Government -27.2 60.1 -25.2 1.5 16.6 16.1 -11.0 -12.2 -28.9 Private -12.2 6.7 -15.9 -14.0 -11.8 -27.0 38.2 -38.2 -5.5 Housing -5.3 14.7 0.3 36.7 -3.9 4.6 51.2 14.3 -26.2 Government -31.9 -23.4 9.7 117.9 -2.5 12.8 1.4 3.6 -22.5 Private -2.8 17.3 -0.1 32.8 -4.0 3.9 55.5 14.9 -26.4 Education -17.5 25.9 16.2 14.3 13.5 -14.0 -17.9 -26.1 1.9 Government -18.0 26.6 14.2 16.2 11.9 -14.2 -17.7 -27.8 3.9 Private 7.8 2.9 104.2 -32.4 83.7 -7.8 -22.9 17.2 -30.0 Health 8.6 -7.7 28.4 8.7 26.7 -11.4 2.7 -12.6 -23.2 Government 9.2 -9.2 35.3 8.0 28.4 -10.3 3.4 -23.1 -19.0 Private 7.2 -29.8 20.5 2.3 -32.2 -14.8 294.2 -47.3 Others -4.1 34.7 28.3 15.1 14.1 17.6 -30.7 -8.5 -0.7 Government -4.0 52.1 30.2 16.6 15.5 21.8 -35.8 -20.8 3.9 Private -4.3 0.4 22.8 10.2 9.2 2.8 -9.6 27.9 -9.0 TOTAL FIXED INVESTMENT 10.0 17.4 13.1 21.7 12.6 7.1 -0.1 -3.0 -10.5 GOVERNMENT 8.3 11.8 13.9 29.7 15.7 13.2 -14.4 5.1 -2.3 PRIVATE 11.9 23.2 12.4 14.2 9.3 0.2 18.0 -10.5 -19.4 Source: SPO  - 15 - Table 2. 10: SELECTED PERIODS OF AVERAGE - AMM4I .GROWTH RATES OF SECTORAL FIXED INVESTMENT AT 1976 PRtCES GROWTH RATES* 1972 1977 1978 1980 1977/1972 1978/1977 1980/1978 ---------------------------------------------------------__------------------__-------------------- Agriculture 7,683.0 19,837.0 14,892.0 9,656.0 20.9 -24.9 -19.5 Government 3,842.0 9,532.0 7,304.0 5,413.0 19.9 -23.4 -13.9 Private 3,841.0 10,305.0 7,588.0 4,243.0 21.8 -26.4 -25.2 Mining and quarrying 2,714.0 6,247.0 6,369.0 6,226.0 18.1 2.0 -1.1 Government 2,183.0 5,946.0 6,054.0 5,898.0 22.2 1.8 -1.3 Private 531.0 301.0 315.0 328.0 -10.7 4.7 2.0 Manufacturing 25,043.0 40,421.0 38,738.0 37,602.0 10.0 -4.2 -1.5 Government 11,731.0 19,625.0 15,556.0 22,531.0 10.8 -20.7 20.3 Private 13,312.0 20,796.0 23,182.0 15,071.0 9.3 11.5 -19.4 Electricity, gas and water 5,737.0 12,862.0 13,975.0 18,484.0 17.5 8.7 15.0 Goverrnment 5,339.0 12,662.0 13,843.0 18,203.0 18.9 9.3 14.7 Private 398.0 200.0 132.0 281.0 -12.9 -34.0 45.9 Transportation, storage and communications 13,008.0 31,986.0 28,545.0 18,623.0 19.7 -10.8 -19.2 Government 8,985.0 21,251.0 17,560.0 13,125.0 18. 8 -17.4 -13.5 Private 4,023.0 10,735.0 10,985.0 5,498.0 21.7 2.3 -29.3 Tourism 1,288.0 1,088.0 1,187.0 716.0 -3.3 9.1 -22.3 Government 391.0 643.0 572.0 357.0 10.5 -11.0 -21.0 Private 897.0 445.0 615.0 359.0 -13.1 38.2 -23.6 Housing 15,240.0 24,096.0 36,436.0 30,738.0 9.6 51.2 -8.2 Government 947.0 1,904.0 1,931.0 1,551.0 15.0 1.4 -10.4 Private 14,293.0 22,192.0 34,505.0 29,187.0 9.2 55.5 -8.0 Education 2,591.0 4,230.0 3,472.0 2,615.0 10.3 -17.9 -13.2 Government 2,522.0 4,064.0 3,344.0 2,510.0 10.0 -17.7 -13.4 Private 69.0 166.0 128.0 105.0 19.2 -22.9 -9.4 Health 1,058.0 1,530.0 1,571.0 1,054.0 7.7 2.7 -18.1 Government 961.0 1,469.0 1,519.0 946.0 8.9 3.4 -21.1 Private 97.0 61.0 52.0 108.0 -8.9 -14.8 44.1 Others 3,739.0 9,974.0 6,911.0 6,282.0 21.7 -30.7 -4.7 Government 2,478.0 8,049.0 5,171.0 4,256.0 26.6 -35.8 -9.3 Private 1,261.0 1,925.0 1,740.0 2,026.0 8.8 -9.6 7.9 TOTAL FIXED INVESTMENT 78,101.0 152,271.0 152,096.0 131,996.0 14.3 -0.1 -6.8 GOVERNMENT 39,379.0 85,145.0 72,854.0 74,790.0 16.7 -14.4 1.3 PRIVATE 38,722.0 67,126.0 79,242.0 57,206.0 11.6 18.0 -15.0 * ANNUAL AVERAGE PERCENTAGE GROWTH RATES Source: SPO  Tabl 2. 1: SHARE OF SECTORAL FIXED INVESTMENT TO 'tOTAL FIXED tNVESTMDT (Jased on millions of curFaet TL) P E R C E N T A G E S 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Agriculture 10.4 12.0 11.0 10.5 14.0 13.0 .10.1 6.8 7.5 Government 4.8 4.4 4.7 4.7 5.5 6.4 4.9 3.8 3.9 Private 5.6 7.6 6.2 5.7 8.5 6.7 5.3 3.0 3.6 Mining and quarrying 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.3 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.5 Government 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.2 Private 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Manufacturing 31.2 29.1 30.3 30.8 26.8 25.4 23.5 22.9 27.1 Government 14.6 11.2 10.5 14.4 12.3 12.4 9.7 13.0 16.2 Private 16.6 18.0 19.8 16.5 14.6 13.1 13.8 9.9 10.8 Electricity, gas and water 7.1 6.5 6.8 6.6 8.1 8.3 8.9 12.3 13.9 Government 6.6 6.2 6.5 6.4 7.9 8.1 8.8 12.2 13.7 Private 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 Transportation, storage and communications 18.2 19.1 19.7 19.2 19.3 21.3 19.5 16.1 15.5 Government 11.8 12.4 12.8 12.3 12.6 13.7 11.2 9.8 10.2 Private 6.4 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.7 7.6 8.3 6.4 5.3 Tourism 1.6 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 Government 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 Private 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 Housing 18.7 18.3 16.7 18.3 16.2 16.4 24.9 29.7 22.8 Government 1.2 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 Private 17.6 17.5 15.9 17.0 15.0 15.1 23.6 28.3 21.7 Education 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.5 2.9 2.4 1.8 2.1 Government 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 2.8 2.3 1.7 2.0 Private 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Health 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 Government 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 Private 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 Others 4.9 5.6 6.2 5.9 6.0 6.9 4.8 4.6 5.2 Government 3.2 4.2 4.7 4.5 4.6 5.6 3.6 3.0 3.5 Private 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.7 TOTAL FIXED INVESTMENT 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 GOVERN5ENT 49.8 46.9 48.0 51.4 52.9 55.4 47.1 49.9 56.0 PRIVATE 50.2 53. 1 52.0 48.6 47.1 44.6 52.9 50. 1 44.0 Source: State Planning Organization  - 17 - Table 2.12: SHARE OF SECTORAL PUBLIC FInD INVESTMENT TO TOTAL PUBLIC FIDED INVESTMENT (Based on nillions of current TL) P E R C E N T A GE S 1972, 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Agriculture 9.7 9.3 9.9 9.2 10.4 11.5 10.4 7.5 7.0 Mining and quarrying 5.4 6.3 6.4 5.9 7.4 6.8 8.0 7.9 7.5 Manufacturing 29.4 23.8 21.8 27.9 23.2 22.3 20.7 26.1 29.0 Electricity, gas and water 13.3 13.1 13.5 12.4 15.0 14.7 18.6 24.4 24.5 Transportation, storage and communications 23.7 26.4 26.6 24.0 23.8 24.7 23.9 19.5 18.2 Tourism 1.0 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.5 Housing 2.3 1.6 1.6 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.1 Education 6.3 7.2 7.2 6.5 6.3 5.0 4.8 3.4 3.6 Health 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.5 Others 6.5 8.9 9.8 8.8 8.8 10.1 7.7 6.0 6.3 TOTAL PUBLIC FIXED INVESTMENT 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: State Planning Organization  - 18 - Table 2.13: SHARE OF SECTORAL PRIVATE FIZED INVESTMENT TO TOTAL PRIVATE FIXED INVESTMENT (Based on millions of current TL) -----------------------------------------------------------------__----------__-------------------------------------------- P E R C E N T A G E S 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Agriculture 11.2 14.3 12.0 11.8 18.1 14.9 9.9 6.1 8.2 Mining and quarrying 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 Manufacturing 33.0 33.9 38.1 33.9 30.9 29.3 26.0 19.8 24.6 Electricity, gas and vater 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 Transportation, storage and commtmications 12.7 12.6 13.4 14.1 14.3 17.1 15.6 12.7 12.1 Tourism 2.2 1.9 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 Housing 35.0 33.0 30.6 35.0 31.9 33.9 44.6 56.5 49.3 Education 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Health 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 Other's 3.3 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.8 .3.0 2.3 3.3 3.8 TOTAL PRIVATE FIXED INVESTMENT 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: State Planning Organization  Table 3.1: BALANCE OF PAYMENTS (In millions of US dollars) 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Exports of goods and non- factor services 1153 1799 2123 2152 2742 2556 3106 3257 4102 of which; Goods 885 1317 1532 1401 1960 1753 2288 2261 2910 Imports of goods and non- facto'r services -1827 -2391 -4183 -5219 -5735 -6436 -5059 -5699 -8396 of which; Goods -1563 -2086 -3778 -4739 -5129 -5796 -4599 -5069 -7667 Resource balance -674 -592 -2060 -3067 -2993 -3880 -1953 -2442 -4293 Interest (net)/l -62 -59 -102 -124 -217 -570 -680 -900 -974 Profits -35 -35 -71 -36 -83 -116 -60 -123 - Workers' remittances 740 1183 1426 1312 983 982 983 1694 2071 Net factor service income 643 1089 1253 1152 683 296 243 671 1097 Transfers 46 18 27 23 15 12 - - - Current account balance 15 515 -780 -1892 -2295 -3572 -1710 -1771 -3196 Direct foreign investment 43 27 88 153 27 67 47 100 100 Imports with waiver 39 50 58 98 136 102 100 100 - Public medium- and long-term (MLT) borrowing/2 294 376 330 334 720 997 1017 4321 2489 Amortization of public MLT borrowing/l/2 -117 -72 -126 -175 -203 -234 -336 -414 -100 Public MLT borrowing (net) 177 304 204 159 517 763 681 3907 2389 Capital not included elsewhere 21 67 79 -94 -451 267 -67 -2745 -274 Overall balance 295 963 -351 -1576 -2066 -2373 -949 -409 -981 IMF(net) -61 -11 - 243 148 - 253 35 423 Short term (net)/3 332 -224 -80 916 1806 1807 844 300 950 Change in reserves (- increase) -566 -728 431 417 112 566 -148 74 -392 /1 Net of debt relief prior to 1980. /2 Government estimates, not consistent with Bank DRS data. /3 Mainly Convertible Turkish Lira Deposits, Acceptance Credits, Commercial and Oil arrears, Bankers' Credits, Reimbursement Credits, and Dresdner Bank Scheme deposits. Source: Ministry of Finance, IMF, IBRD estimates.  - 20 - Table 3.2: COMMODITY COMPOSITION OF EXPORTS (In millions of US dollars) Jan-July 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 '1980 1981 Agriculture and livestock 607.4 832.0 851.9 792.6 1,254.5 1,041.4 1,542.8 1,343.6 1,671.7 1087.8 Cereals and pulses 36.2 64.2 22.4 28.1 70.6 120.4 262.2 164.2-- 181.0 175.8 Nuts, fruits and vegetables 197.4 259.0 295.2 275.4 375.3 440.0 560.5 647.7 753.9 366.7 Hazelnuts 116.5 121.7 173.2 154.1 203.2 251.0 330.9 353.0 394.8 149.1 Raisins 30.5 56.7 53.9 45.5 52.6 75.0 99.7 114.8 130.3 64.3 Others 50.4 80.6 68.1 75.8 119.5 114.0 129.9 179.9 228.7 153.3 Industrial crops 337.6 456.8 463.0 435.1 733.6 432.0 617.9 448.0 605.9 480.3 Tobacco 130.9 132.9 204.5 183.2 251.3 175.8 225.3 177.0 233.7 189.8 Cotton 191.3 305.8 235.3 225.2 434.2 214.1 352.9 227.8 322.6 261.6 Others 15.4 18.1 23.2 26.7 48.1 42.1 39.7 43.2 49.6 28.9 Livestock products 27.0 41.0 56.5 41.1 62.7 37.2 77.8 62.0 108.2 52.4 Fishery products 9.2 11.1 14.8 12.9 12.3 11.6 24.4 21.7 22.7 12.4 Mining and quarry products 35.1 41.7 79.8 105.6 110.0 125.9 124.1 132.5 191.0 114.3 Industrial products 242.4 443.4 600.4 502.9 595.8 585.8 621.3 785.1 1,047.4 1070.9 Food and beverages 87.3 149.1 130.4 116.7 86.8 127.4 95.0 135.0 190.2 180.8 Textiles 54.8 105.6 147.8 135.5 272.7 265.9 321.6 390.7 439.8 413.0 Forestry products 4.9 8.0 21.2 9.1 5.6 3.0 3.3 4.7 8.1 10.7 Hides and leather products 21.5 45.3 74.0 64.9 59.9 52.0 40.1 43.6 49.5 40.2 Chemicals 11.2 19.6 36.3 37.7 46.7 36.4 26.0 27.2 91.9 88.0 Petroleum products 22.3 48.9 85.9 36.1 16.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 38.5 12.8 Cement 15.2 14.8 8.0 24.2 16.3 9.2 40.5 44.9 39.6 80.7 Glass and ceramics 3.7 6.6 12.5 17.9 20.9 27.4 30.1 37.1 35.9 57.1 Non-ferrous metal 5.9 17.3 34.0 12.7 16.9 20.1 11.5 14.6 18.3 17.9 Iron and steel 7.4 13.4 19.3 20.3 22.1 14.4 21.2 31.1 33.9 43.1 Metal products and 4.1 8.6 16.1 13.9 16.5 14.0 18.0 18.1 29.8 39.5 machinery Electrical appliances 0.9 1.5 1.0 0.8 1.1 3.1 .3.7 4.5 11.5 9.5 Motor vehicles 0.3 0.9 6.0 8.1 9.3 9.2 6.7 26.6 50.3 61.1 Others 2.9 3.8 7.9 5.0 4.9 3.7 3.6 7.0 10.1 16.4 TOTAL EXPORTS 885.0 1,317.1 1,532.2 1,401.1 1,960.2 1,753.0 2,288.2 2,261.2 2,910.1 2272.9 Source; State Planning Organization  - 21 - Table 3.3: COMMODITY COMPOSITION OF IMPORTS (In millions of US dollars) Jan-July 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 Agriculture and Livestock 34.0 64.0 307.4 202.5 78.7 112.6 50.7 36.5 51.1 47.1 Cereals and pulses 6.8 26.7 254.6 141.2 5.4 8.5 13.1 7.7 3.6 Fruits and vegetables . 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.5 Industrial crops 8.3 16.5 26.7 21.0 39.0 50.0 11.7 3.6 11.3 Livestock products 18.7 20.5 25.9 39.8 34.1 53.7 25.8 24.8 35.7 Mining and quarry products 143.1 222.0 748.0 795.2 1,090.3 1,262.4 1,133.9 1,067.6 2853.8 1909.3 Fuels 124.5 200.7 704.9 719.8 1,020.7 1,183.5 1,085.7 1,008.3 2710.1 1791.5 Others 18.6 21.3 43.1 75.4 69.6 78.9 48.2 59.3 143.7 117.7 Industrial products 1,385.4 1,800.2 2,722.1 3,740.9 3,959.6 4,421.3 3,414.4 3,965.3 4762.4 3249.8 Food and beverages 32.4 8.9 92.2 191.3 106.9 27.2 38.4 77.5 257.1 138.8 Textiles 39.1 39.7 86.2 91.7 79.8 63.7 53.0 65.2 108.7 62.6 Forestry products 8.2 10.5 22.6 15.2 20.9 21.5 11.9 20.8 19.3 1.1 Hides and leather products 0.2 0.2 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 Chemicals 307.2 425.6 575.0 733.5 837.3 1,035.7 916.6 1,028.5 1305.8 915.0 Petroleum products 30.3 20.7 57.6 88.1 104.1 284.5 351.7 750.4 909.8 398.0 Cement 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 Glass and ceramics 20.2 20.7 21.1 26.4 25.2 25.5 17.8 27.9 35.2 23.7 Non-ferrous metal 41.8 66.5 131.1 101.9 89.5 97.0 42.6 54.8 87.2 77.4 iron and steel 147.7 247.5 530.0 665.8 545.7 689.7 409.8 347.3 471.4 350.3 Metal products and 401.5 516.1 658.0 1,013.9 1,118.4 1,098.4 812.6 958.4 894.2 754.9 machinery Electrical appliances 122.8 146.1 183.6 278.3 278.4 295.8 223.6 259.5 279.9 242.7 Motor vehicles 178.8 233.9 286.6 395.9 517.7 572.7 377.7 283.6 261.0 149.8 Others 55.1 63.7 76.7 138.3 235.1 209.2 158.2 91.0 132.1 134.7 TOTAL IMPORTS 1,562.5 2,086.2 3,777.5 4,738.6 5,128.6 5,796.3 4,599.0 5,069.4 7,667.3 5,206.2 Sources SPO  Table 3.4: INVISIBLE RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS /1 (In millions of US dollars) 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Invisible receipts 268.1 482.1 591.0 750.9 782.3 803.1 786.6 986.1 1192.1 Freight 28.5 55.1 85.4 101.2 110.3 111.0 25.0 20.3 25.7 Transportation 30.0 31.0 47.4 85.5 125.7 161.7 156.5 198.3 226.0 Government services 15.2 50.9 47.2 100.2 64.8 64.6 77.4 112.6 124.3 Private services 47.8 115.8 158.7 198.6 221.3 201.8 - - - Insurance and commissions 30.0 35.5 34.9 45.7 59.5 45.9 48.8 36.9 62.9 Tourism 103.7 171.4 193.6 200.8 180.4 204.9 233.1 280.7 326.1 Others 12.9 22.4 23.8 18.9 20.3 13.2 245.8 337.3 427.1 Invisible payments 263.9 304.9 405.2 480.8 606.6 639.5 499.8 619.7 850.2 Freight 21.9 19.4 30.3 29.5 31.0 32.6 65.2 70.3 124.2 Transportation 16.4 28.1 36.0 42.1 50.0 55.3 24.9 59.8 29.6 Government services 31.3 37.1 41.5 51.3 67.1 63.6 97.5 106.2 115.1 Private services 44.2 66.6 85.2 140.9 161.1 156.9 46.1 29.2 32.6 Insurance and commissions 61.7 37.1 45.3 52.0 58.5 57.2 39.8 43.7 35.6 Tourism 59.3 93.0 152.0 155.0 207.9 268.5 67.9 102.1 114.1 Others 29.1 23.6 14.9 10.0 31.0 5.4 158.4 208.4 399.0 Balance 4.2 177.2 185.8 270.1 175.7 163.6 286.8 366.4 341.9 11 Non-factor services only. SQurce; SPO,  Table 3.5: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRTBUTION OF FvPORTS (In millions of US Dollars) JRn-Julv 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1Q79 14P0 1Q81 OECD Countries 650.1 949.0 1;081.0 985.1 1,483.2 1,234.7 1,506.R 1,446.4 1,679.7 1,128.9 EEC 347.0 611.5 717.3 615.1 9;8.0 R68.0 1,090.1 1,n97.5 1,251.n 75?.6 USA 103.5 130.8 144.2 147.1 191.4 121.P 153.2 l04.5 177.4 111.3 Japan 15.1 16.6 18.1 28.7 36.0 36.5 36.0 22.4 36.7 18.7 Other OECD countries 184.5 190.1 701.4 194.2 297.8 208.4 727.5 222.0 264.7 246,R Bilateral agreement countries 41.8 50.8 78.2 73.2 81.1 80.4 1n8.3 127.1 17S.6 108.2 Other countries 193.1 317.3 373.0 342.8 395.7 437.9 673.1 687.7 1,0n1.F 1,035.8 TOTAL EXPORTS 885.0 1,317.1 1,532.2 1,401.1 1,96n.0 1,753.0 2,288.2 9,261.2 1,q10.1 2,?72.9 Source: State Planning Organization and Ministrv of Finance.  Table 3.6: GEOGRAPRIOAL DTSTRTRIITTON OF IMPORTS (In millions of US Dollars) .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ,Tan-JjII1V 1972 1973 1q74 1975 1076 1977 1978 1978 1980 lqRl OECD countries 1,228.6 1,625.0 2,683.5 3,501.4 3,565.4 3,066.5 2,791.? 3,063.7 3,5.83.4 2,557.3 EEC 652.6 1,139.6 1,708.2 2,338.2 2,342.n 2,470.1 1,872.6 1,827.5 2,203.1 1,517.8 USA 191.8 185.4 350.4 425.8 437.9 502.8 780.8 377.7 442.4 296.q Japan 32.8 59.1 199.2 211.4 227.8 311.7 115.0 226..95 11? .q 140.3 Other OECD countries 351.4 240.9 425.7 526.n 557.7 682.4 522.8 632.0 825.0 587.3 Bilateral agreement a countries 120.1 126.5 97.7 74.2 89.0 85.0 68.9 111.4 .R5.5 78.5 N Other countries 213.9 335.1 996.4 1,163.0 1,474.6 1,764.8 1,739.0 1,894.3 1,R98.4 2,570.4 TOTAL IMPORTS 1,562.6 2,086.6 3,777.6 4,738.6 5,129.0 5,796.3 4,599.n 5,069.4 7,667.3 5,206.2 Source: State Planning Organization and Ministry of Finance  - 25 - Table 4.1: Lon,-Term Debt Outstanding (I71n millions of US dollars) lncl. Percentage Disbursed only (Year - end) Undisb. Distribution 1967 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1979 1967 1972 1977 1978 1979 Public sector, official sources A. Multilateral organi.tions IBRD 29 92 141 208 288 391 512 648 890 1727 2.2 2.7 10.7 9.7 7.7 IDA 51 99 113 127 144 163 181 188 190 191 3.9 3.9 3.8 2.8 1.6 Other 141 181 240 282 315 426 508 626 716 788 10.9 7.2 10.6 9.5 6.1 Total,mult.org. 221 372 494 617 747 980 1201 1462 1796 2706 17.0 14.8 25.0 22.0 15.4 B. Loans from governments 1. DAC countries Concessional 837 1658 1815 1901 1832 1861 1971 2176 2544 3015 64.5 65.8 41.0 32.7 21.9 Germany F.R. 237 381 472 516 464 511 595 734 1180 1559 18.3 15.1 12.4 11.0 10.1 Japan - 19 24 36 39 40 60 64 52 53 - 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.4 USA 470 963 996 1019 1037 1039 1033 1029 977 977 36.2 38.2 21.5 15.5 8.4 Other 130 295 323 330 292 271 283 349 335 426 10.0 11.7 5.9 5.2 2.9 Non-conces.ional 40 50 91 116 148 188 216 1332 2288 2623 3.1 2.0 4.5 20.0 19.8 Germany, F.R. 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 270 589 589 0.1 - - 4.1 5.1 Japan - - 14 14 18 19 18 136 177 306 - - 0.4 2.0 1.6 USA 2 16 43 58 79 95 115 146 426 454 0.1 0.6 2.4 2.2 3.7 Other 37 33 33 43 50 73 83 780 1096 1274 2.9 1.3 1.7 11.7 9.4 Total, DAC countries 877 1708 1906 2016 1980 2049 2187 3508 4832 5638 67.6 67.8 45.5 52.7 41.7 2. CPE countries Coscessional - 193 274 278 262 245 255 280 325 359 - 7.7 5.3 4.3 - USSR - 193 274 278 259 242 253 280 325 359 - 7.7 5.3 4.3 2.8 Other - - - - 3 3 2 - - - - - - - - Non-concessional I - - - - 3 3 3 5 339 0.1 - - - - Total, CPE countries 1 193 274 278 262 248 258 283 330 698 0.1 7.7 5.4 4.3 2.8 3. OPEC countries - - - - 9 12 11 213 459 - - 0.2 0.2 1.8 4. Other countries - - - - 2 18 26 34 27 29 - - 0.5 0.5 0.2 Total, loans from governments 878 1901 2181 2295 2243 2324 2482 3836 5402 6824 67.7 75.5 51.7 57.7 46.5 Total, official 1099 2273 2675 2912 2990 3304 3683 5298 7198 9530 84.7 90.2 76.6 79.6 61.9 Public sector, commercial sources C. Suppliers credits 120 117 124 130 108 137 149 176 271 769 9.3 4.6 3.1 2.6 2.3 D. Financial imstitutions 7 41 51 75 63 142 460 591 3440 4260 0.5 1.6 9.6 8.9 29.6 E. Bonds 21 20 19 18 15 36 34 35 49 49 1.6 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 Total, cml.sources 148 178 194 223 186 315 643 802 3760 5078 11.4 7.1 13.4 12.0 32.3 Total, public sector 1248 2450 2869 3134 3176 3619 4326 6100 10958 14608 96.2 97.3 90.0 91.6 94.2 Private sector A. Multilateral org. (IFC) 1 18 30 29 43 118 116 109 - - 0.1 0.7 2.4 1.6 - B. Loans from governments 34 34 45 56 57 78 137 113 - - 2.6 1.3 2.9 1.7 - C. Private sources 14 17 40 61 60 57 226 335 - - 1.1 0.7 4.7 5.1 - Total, private sector 49 69 115 146 160 253 479 557 673 673 3.8 2.7 10.0 8.4 5.8 TOTAL EXTERNAL DEBT 1297 2519 2984 3280 3336 3872 4805 6657 11631 - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source; Ministry ot Finance, World Bank.  - 26 - Table 4.2: Disbursements Received from Long-Term Loans (In millions of US dollars) 1967 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Public Sector, official sources A. Multilateral organizations IBRD 4 25 57 75 91 117 146 165 277 IDA 16 4 3 14 18 21 19 8 3 Other 48 44 40 34 60 119 48 49 89 Total, multi, org. 68 73 100 123 169 257 213 222 369 B. Loans from governments 1. DAC countries Concessional 146 139 143 77 58 60 95 138 341 Germany, F.R. 18 42 52 14 17 23 51 98 328 Japan - 4 6 14 5 1 15 1 - USA 97 49 41 32 31 15 10 4 - Other 31 44 44 17 5 21 19 35 13 Non-concessional 15 1 51 32 48 53 44 79 185 Germany, F.R. - - - - - - - - Japan - - 14 2 5 4 - - USA 1 1 30 17 28 22 27 2 155 Other 14 - 7 13 15 27 17 77 30 Total, DAC countries 162 140 195 110 105 114 139 217 526 2. CPE countries Concessional - 101 96 29 11 12 37 52 .46 USSR - 101 96 29 8 12 37 52 46 Other - - - - 3 - - - Non-concessional - - - - - 3 - - Total, CPE countries - 101 96 29 11 14 37 52 46 3. OPEC countries - - - - - 9 3 - 30 4. Other countries - _ _ _ 2 17 10 11 - Total, loans from governments 162 241 290 138 118 154 189 280 602 Total, official sources 230 314 390 261 287 411 402 502 971 Public sector, commercial sources C. Suppliers credits 2 52 21 36 1 65 36 62 185 D. Financial institutions - 4 19 27 5 91 324 248 278 E. Bonds - - - - - 24 - - - Total, commercial sources 2 56 40 63 6 180 360 310 463 Total, public sector 231 369 430 325 293 590 762 812 1434 Private sector A. Multilateral organizations (IFC) - 7 13 1 17 80 - 10 15 B. Loans from governments 2 3 11 12 6 20 66 22 18 C. Loans from commercial sources - 13 23 23 10 50 191 159 123 Total, private sector 2 23 47 36 33 150 257 191 156 Total, disbursements received 233 392 477 361 326 740 1019 1003 1590 Source: Ministry of Finance, World Bank.  - 27 - Table 4.3: Long-Term Loan Commitments Received (In millions of US dollars) 1967. 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Public sector, official sources A. Multilateral organizations IBRD - 177 105 228 158 237 144 358 306 IDA - 36 30 - - - - - - Other 75 29 100 140 40 54 6 54 123 Total, multi, org. 75 242 235 368 198 291 150 412 429 B. Loans from governments 1. DAC countries Concessional 197 135 135 103 60 65 25 152 444 Germany, F.R. 16 33 60 48 50 55 14 147 370 Japan 14 11 - 12 5 - - 1 - USA 107 69 28 0 0 0 0 - - Other 60 22 47 43 5 10 11 4 74 Non-consessional 7 19 83 37 77 115 243 133 96 Germany, F.R. - - - - - - - - - Japan - 16 - - 4 49 61 - - USA 7 3 58 24 25 64 18 51 60 Other - - 25 13 48 2 164 82 36 Total, DAC countries 204 154 218 140 136 180 268 285 540 2. CPE countries Concessional 92 158 3 - - 97 14 - - USSR 92 158 - - - 97 14 - _ Other - - 3 - - - - - - Non-concessional - - - - 3 - 136 204 35 Total, CPE countries 92 158 3 - 3 97 150 204 35 3. OPEC countries - - - - 42 - _ - 265 4. Other countries - _ - - 19 10 14 3 - Total, loans from governments 296 312 221 140 200 287 432 492 840 Total, official sources 371 554 456 508 398 578 582 904 1269 Public sector, commercial sources C. Suppliers credits 19 34 4 - 79 326 260 123 52 D. Financial institutions - 4 32 19 172 412 263 281 475 E. Bonds - - - - - 24 - - - Total, commercial sources 19 38 36 19 251 762 523 404 527 Total, public sector 390 592 491 527 649 1340 1105 1307 1796 Private sector A. Multilateral organizations (IFC) - - 10 30 45 37 - - - B. Loans from governments - 26 3 4 25 - _ _ _ C. Loans from commercial sources - 44 43 16 36 50 - - - Total, private sector - 70 56 50 106 87 100 100 100 TOTAL COMMITMENTS 390 662 547 577 755 1427 1205 1407 1896 Source: Ministry of Finance, World Bank  - 28 - Table 4.4: Average Terms of Long-Term Public Sector External Commitments Received 1963-67 1968-72 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Loans from Multilateral Organizations Interest (X) 3.1 5.0 4.9 6.1 7.9 8.3 8.3 7.2 7.1 Maturity (Yrs) 21.8 18.3 30.4 23.2 19.4 16.1 15.9 16.0- 18.5 Grace Period (Yrs) 5.5 4.4 7.7 5.7 4.4 4.7 3.6 4.5 4.5 Grant Element (%) 40.8 25.9 40.4 27.9 13.1 9.0 8.4. 15.5 18.4 Loans from Governments Interest (X) 2.7 2.8 4.2 4.5 5.1 4.3 7.4 5.6 2.9 Maturity (Yrs) 30.8 26.7 23.0 24.0 16.7 16.3 13.6 15.2 26.2 Grace Period (Yrs) 8.0 6.4 7.4 6.1 5.1 4.4 5.0 4.8 7.4 Grace Element (X) 57.1 52.8 42.1 39.9 30.8 33.2 14.7 27.5 53.9 Suppliers Credits Interest (Z) 5.4 6.0 6.0 - 8.5 7.6 7.4 7.5 7.7 Maturity (Yrs) 13.4 10.6 10.9 - 5.4 13.1 9.2 7.3 8.5 Grace Period (Yrs) 2.7 2.4 1.3 - 2.0 3.9 3.1 2.9 2.2 Grant Element (2) 21.6 17.5 16.8 - 4.1 12.4 10.0 8.1 8.6 Financial Institutions Interest (X) - 5.9 6.9 12.6 8.8 7.9 7.9 8.4 13.7 Maturity (Yrs) - 9.1 11.0 10.3 5.1 8.0 8.5 7.7 7.1 Grace Period (Yrs) - 2.4 1.5 0.8 2.2 2.8 4.3 2.4 3.2 Grant Element (X) - 15.8 12.6 11.3 3.0 7.6 9.0 5.7 16.0 All Sources Interest (X) 2.9 3.9 4.7 5.9 7.3 7.2 7.6 6.9 11.0 Maturity (Yrs) 28.0 22.1 25.7 22.9 13.1 12.7 11.7 .13.2 11.7 Grace Period (Yrs) 7.2 5.3 7.1 5.6 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.1 Grant Element (X) 51.9 40.1 39.2 29.7 14.8 14.5 11.4 17.2 0.3 Loans from Governments: Additional Detail 1. DAC countries a. Concessional Interest (Z) 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.8 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.0 2.4 Maturity (Yrs) 32.7 30.8 30.3 28.9 29.2 29.1 27.7 30.1 30.4 Grace Period (Yrs) 8.9 7.9 9.8 6.8 9.7 9.6 9.7 10.6 9.4 Grant Element (X) 60.9 57.4 57.5 48.5 62.9 64.5 60.5 66.1 62.9 b. Non-Concessional Interest (X) 7.2 6.1 6.3 6.5 8.1 8.3 8.5 7.5 5.1 Maturity (Yrs) 15.9 9.9 11.6 10.5 9.3 9.8 11.7 9.4 10.0 Grace Period (Yrs) 4.5 1.9 3.6 4.1 3.6 2.5 4.8 2.5 4.7 Grant Element (X) 13.5 15.5 17.5 16.0 7.7 6.5 6.9 9.9 23.1 2. CPE countries a. Concessional Interest (X) 2.5 2.5 2.5 - 2.5 1.0 2.5 - - Maturity (Yrs) 22.6 21.0 7.0 - 7.0 14.9 24.0 - - Grace Period (Yrs) 2.6 4.3 3.0 - 3.0 3.6 6.0 - - Grant Element (2) 48.4 49.3 27.8 - 27.8 45.3 54.5 - - b. Non-Concessional Interest (X) 5.0 5.7 - - 7.0 - 6.9 7.0 7.5 Maturity (Yrs) 3.9 3.7 - - 8.5 - 14.0 8.0 8.0 Grace Period (Yrs) 0.9 0.7 - - 3.0 - 4.7 2.0 2.5 Grant Element (X) 10.2 8.5 - - 11.7 - 16.7 10.4 11.0 Source: World Bank.  - 29 - Table 5.1: CONSOLIDATED BUDGET SUMMARY (in billions of Turkish Liras) 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Revenues 48.2 59.9 71.7 107.8 143.8 187.6 311.6 524.2 939.7 Direct taxes/l 15.1 22.0 30.1 44.4 60.3 89.5 141.6 234.6 468.8 Indirect taxes/2 23.9 29.9 35.0 50.6 66.7 78.8 104.8 169.2 278.4 Nontax revenues/3 9.2 8.0 6.6 12.8 16.8 19.3 65.2 120.4 192.5 Expenditure 52.6 65.0 79.1 116.2 157.3 240.6 351.3 608.2 1,078.9 Personnel 18.2 24.8 30.9 42.2 55.3 77.0 112.9 190.0 335.0 Other current 6.0 8.0 11.3 15.9 22.6 28.0 43.1 70.0 162.1 Investment 8.3 10.2 15.8 22.0 33.6 52.7 64.6 95.6 167.0 Transfers 20.1 22.0 21.1 36.1 45.8 82.9 130.7 252.6 414.8 Budget deficit -4.4 -5.1 -7.4 -8.4 -13.5 -53.0 -39.7 -84.0 -139.2 Advance payments -1.4 -2.8 -4.4 -6.0 -8.1 -4.4 -15.0 -1.2 -22.7 Deferred payments 0.4 3.4 1.2 0.5 3.6 15.1 6.5 43.2 38.3 Cash deficit -5.4 -4.5 -10.6 -13.9 -18.0 -42.3 -48.2 -42.0 -123.6 Financing 3.7 2.9 8.8 9.7 14.5 39.9 26.9 52.9 103.1 Central bank 0.7 0.4 4.1 4.7 6.7 23.6 15.6 29.5 103.2 Domestic borrowing (Bond issue) 4.0 2.9 3.6 7.4 10.0 12.5 16.9 31.0 17.4 Treasury bills -0.7 -0.8 0.7 -0.5 0.2 5.9 -3.0 3.5 34.9 Change in holding of deposits and currency (increase-) -0.3 0.4 0.4 -1.9 -2.4 -2.1 -2.6 -11.1 -52.4 Errors and omissions -1.7 -1.6 -1.8 -4.2 -3.5 -2.4 -21.3 10.9 -20.5 /1 Taxes on personal income, corporate income, and wealth. 75 Taxes on goods, services, and imports. 75 Includes special revenues and funds, and annexed budget revenues. Source: Ministry of Finance; IMF, SPO.  - 30 - Table 5.2: CONSOLIDATED GOVERNMENT REVENUE (In millions of Turkish liras; fiscal year) 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Taxes on Income 14,568 21.471 29,401 43,516 59,288 87,685 139,392 231,719 461,727 Personal Income Tax 11,663 16,071 22,432 33,626 46,589 69,674 108.378 190,525 385,719 Corporate Income Tax 2,090 3,083 3,819 5,247 6,341 8,109 16,886 19,061 37,126 Capital Gains Tax on Real Property 271 328 358 493 702 1,186 1,528 2,546 4,017 Fiscal Balance Tax 544 1,989 2,793 4,150 5,656 8,716 12,600 19,587 34,865 Taxes on Wealth 509 570 727 876 1,061 1,783 2,228 2,896 7,118 Real Property Tax 246 253 281 344 347 800 910 1,067 2,027 Motor Vehicle Tax 112 127 187 194 246 327 393 476 3,040 Inheritance and Gift Tax 151 190 259 338 469 656 925 1,353 2,051 Taxes on Goods 9,984 12.46 13,114 20,733 26,660 29,742 37,96 63,49 105,696 Domestic Production Tax 4,175 4,425 5,575 7,344 10,614 13,001 18,498 30,038 54,242 Domestic Petroleum Production Tax 1,381 1,416 1,304 2,294 1,179 1,227 1,063 1,701 1,749 Production Tax on Monopoly Products 1,982 3,517 2,708 6,797 9,083 7,250 8,367 18,915 29,141 Retail Sales Tax 452 554 658 854 1,104 1,567 2,277 3,328 5,221 Sugar Consumption Tax 636 729 672 644 739 726 844 928 673 Motor Vehicle Purchase Tax 432 612 805 983 1,485 1,608 1,721 1,799 3,004 Real Property Purchase Tax 880 1,164 1,357 1,798 2,442 4,345 5,160 6,772 11,646 Revenues from Abolished Taxes 47 . 43 35 18 14 18 34 9 20 Taxes on Services 4,668 5,843 7,343 9,976 13,595 17,691 24,095 35,882 80,575 Banking and Insurance Transactions Tax 1,976 2,485 3,416 4,570 6,257 8,734 11,847 18,351 42,867 Transportation Tax 229 217 240 386 342 403 463 873 1,323 PTT Service Charge 146 173 163 257 260 168 592 985 2,268 Building Construction Tax 82 115 121 184 249 241 378 324 576 Stamp Tax 1,553 2,069 2,521 3,525 5,112 6,460 8,824 12,881 27,271 Other Taxes and Fees 684 784 882 1,053 1,375 1,685 1,992 2,468 6,270 Taxes on Foreign Trade 9,28 11,614 14,57 19,907 26,450 31,348 42,740 69,849 92,082 Customs Duty 2,285 2,771 3,757 4,927 6,250 6,076 6,929 13,763 23,624 Customs Duty on Petroleum 222 307 329 758 503 915 916 1,404 3,961 Production Tax on Imports 2,411 2,976 4,363 5,548 9,069 9,501 10,109 15,144 35,104 Production Tax on Petroleum Imports 2,517 3,084 3,016 4,275 4,298 5,889 5,581 7,089 7,819 Stamp Duty on Imports 1,350 1,625 2,500 3,505 5,277 7,373 16,583 26,832 6,107 Wharf Duty 90 163 316 768 971 1,475 1,248 3,072 9,455 Other Taxes and Fees 408 689 292 126 81 119 1,374 2,545 6,012 Total Tax Revenue 39,012 51,95 65,15 95,00 127,055 168,249 246,42 403,836 747,198 Non-tax Revenue/I 5,439 3,541 3,827 9,772 10,669 14,136 55,471 91,6t4 139,800 Special Revenues and Funds, and Others 956 2,413 989 618 3,021 1,258 4,828 18,696 38,702 Annexed Budget Revenue 1L511 1,278 1,962 3,695 3,011 3,952 4,872 10,041 14,000 TOTAL CONSOLIDATED BUDGET REVENUE 46,919 59,190 71,935 109,094 143,756 187,595 311,592 524,187 939,700 /1 Includes property income, interest, fines, surpluses of government enterprises, etc. Source: Ministry of Finance; Budget Revenues Yearbook (various years) and others; IMF, SPO.  - 31 - Table 5.3: INTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT (In millions of Turkish liras; end of period) Estimate 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 General Budget 23852 26730 28107 48013 70639 88259 118455 193451 244323 Long-term Government Bonds/I 6287 9914 11595 18041 32585 47476 67159 100331 119339 Domestic Consolidated Debts/2 7380 7180 7506 21647 30478 13840 25310 68246 102475 Consolidated Municipalities Debts /3 2488 2247 1995 1749 1507 21483/8 21268 21059 19442 Savings Bonds 7592 7287 6911 6479 5975 5368 4629 3729 3003 Other Debts /4 105 102 100 97 94 92 89 86 84 Annexed Budget /5 State Waterworks Bonds 5 3 - - - - - - - State Investment Enterprises/6 8590 11174 14474 17915 25821 45049 58903 57499 55804 State Economic Enterprises/7 467 429 393 558 520 882 1340 1645 2396 Municipal Bonds 180 180 21 7 11 6 - 1213 1389 TOTAL 33094 38516 42995 66503 96991 134196 178698 253808 303912 /1 Treasury 75 Consolidated debts under Law 154 and 250, 1312, and 1492. /3 Consolidated debts under Law 691 and 1376. /4 Exchange losses paid to the Central Bank under Law 65 and excludes Turkish debt bond 1935 which are included in the external debt repayable in foreign exchange. /5 Treasury guaranteed bond of State Highways and Monopoly Administration are excluded since they have a maturity of not more than a year. /6 Including amortization and credit funds bonds. 77 Agricultural Bank, Real Estate and Credit Bank and People's Bank. /8 Transfers from 1976 domestic consolidated Debts to Consolidated Municipalities Debts. Source, Ministry of Finance, SPO.  - 32 - Table 5.4: PROFIT AND TOSS ACCOUNT OF SEES 1/ (In billions of Turkish liras) Estimate 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Expenditure 35.0 46.7 88.5 109.3 164.8 208.9 328.4 545.1 1,360.0 Wages and salaries 29.7 41.1 75.3 28.3 42.1 61.3 92.2 143.1 231.1 Other inputs 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.0 115.0 133.8 212.3 379.8 1,094.5 Depreciation and other provisions 5.3 5.6 13.2 6.0 7.7 13.8 23.9 22.2 34,4 Income 36.5 47.1 89.3 104.9 147.9 172.7 276.4 473.6 1,338.0 Sales revenue 34.4 45.4 79.2 92.9 132.8 155.9 256.2 430.9 1,145.1 Increases in stocks 2.1 1.7 10.1 12.0 15.1 16.8 20.2 43.7 192.9 Gross PrOfit(+)/Loss(-) 1.5 0.4 0.8 -4.4 -16.9 -36.2 -52.0 -71.5 -22.0 1/ Operational State Economic Enterprises. Source: Ministry of Finance; IMF, SPO  - 33 - Table 5.5: FINANCING OF INVESTMENT BY SEEs (In billions of Turkish liras) Estimate 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Investment 12.1 14.3 27.0 38.2 50.6 62.9 80.6 171.7 476.4 Fixed investment 10.0 12.6 16.9 26.2 35.5 46.1 60.4 128.0 283.5 Stock changes 2.1 1.7 10.1 12.0 15.1 16.8 20.2 43.7 192.9 Own resources, subsidies and transfers 7.3 9.4 11.2 25.4 11.4 25.5 26.9 41.0 313.2 Gross profit/loss 1.5 0.4 0.8 -4.4 -16.9 -36.2 -52.0 -71.5 -22.0 Taxes -0.6 -0.7 -0.6 -1.1 -1.3 -1.6 -1.8 -3.6 -16.7 Depreciation 2.5 4.7 4.2 4.6 6.2 12.1 20.1 16.3 34.4 Transfers from petroleum fund 0.0 0.0 1.3 2.6 1.1 1.9 3.7 7.0 21.7 Budgetary transfers (net) 6.7 6.1 7.2 10.5 18.4 31.7 40.0 83.4 153.3 Changes in accounts receivable (net) ) -2.8 -9.5 -8.6 -21.9 -28.7 -32.6 -77.6 -233.8 Changes in accounts payable (net) ) 2.9 3.5 11.4 9.2 3.4 35.1 78.5 385.3 Price subsidies ) -2.8 ) ) 1.0 7.0 21.7 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) other subsidies ) ) -1.2 ) 4.3 1.1 3.1 5.6 ) 14.4 ) 8.5 ) -9.0 ) ) ) ) ) ) Other items (net) ) ) ) 8.3 6.4 15.7 ) Financing 4.8 4.9 15.8 12.8 39.2 37.4 53.7 130.7 163.2 Central Bank -0.7 6.0 5.9 21.5 23.2 19.0 54.1 52.4 State Investment Bank(net) 2.2 3.1 ) 9.8 ) 6.9 11.7 10.3 9.1 14.4 16.3 ) ) Other sources including net foreign borrowing 2.6 2.5 ) ) 5.9 3.9 25.6 62.2 94.5 Source: Ministry of Finance; IMF , SPO  -34- Table 5.6: FIXED INVESTMENT BY SEEs (InTmillions of Turkish liras) Est imate 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Agricultural Sector 151 2 218 47 6 1092 1684 2918 4543 4411 6030 14159 Turkish Sugar Company 82 92 200 533 985 1721 2049 2264 3000 8093 Soil Products Office 7 23 14 21 37 57 659 805 1253 3460 Meat and fish 36 47 119 212 286 337 437 500 509 726 Agricultural Supply Office 9 11 20 67 97 310 574 327 336 477 Milk industry 7 33 58 81 99 224 415 79 284 273 Wool and mohair - I - - - - 45 63 10 52 Feed industry 10 11 5 101 64 105 106 135 138 243 Tea Corporation - - 70 77 116 164 258 238 500 835 Mining and power _ 2143 _ 2693 _ 3207 _ 4756 4786 9350 _11090 _18101 _43549 _97272 Etibank 979 1386 1577 1531 1350 1796 1557 1766 2796 7658 TEK 1164 1307 1630 3225 3269 7359 9444 16167 40468 89300 Karadeniz Bakir - - - - 167 195 89 168 285 314 Coal, petroleum and steel - 2257 _ 4210 _ 3932 _ 4745 _11479 _11411 _14322 _19896 _46709 106642 Coal Corporation 277 392 407 704 1072 1273 2004 3242 6096 12648 Iron and steel 902 2468 2195 1773 3157 3330 3375 6601 12967 19217 Petroleum Company 669 665 624 1594 6644 5677 6374 5716 14242 30853 Petroleum Office 29 55 88 110 75 135 148 173 401 877 'Petrochemical 380 630 618 564 531 996 2421 4164 13003 43045 Manufacturing _ 677 713 __821 1345 - 2632 358 6577 7928 _15386 _30024 Sumerbank 124 215 271 353 730 695 1162 1786 2715 6247 Turkish Cement 77 88 108 331 290 332 1317 574 2392 4546 Ankara Cement - - - 1 4 Nitrogen 59 136 184 237 415 396 787 744 1666 2815 Machinery and chemical 165 163 126 139 210 349 712 742 1083 2193 Pulp and paper 250 109 128 278 964 1774 2545 3991 7172 13868 State Supply Office 2 2 4 7 23 34 39 83 88 298 TUSAS (aircraft) - - - - - 9 15 8 269 53 Transport and communication 1432 2147 4125 3385 5343 8001 9264 9524 14345 30923 Turkish Airlines 305 657 625 632 350 158 281 211 232 249 Maritime Bank 90 91 170 326 670 832 542 536 701 2103 Maritime Bank Cargo Lines 316 318 873 282 419 1117 1113 270 505 1987 State Railways 403 513 1594 843 1967 2455 3209 3790 6166 13101 Post, telephone, telegram 283 454 757 1019 1743 3063 3872 4532 6516 13150 Turkish Radio and Televinion 28 111 96 271 179 354 201 144 136 265 Toursam Bank 7 3 10 12 15 22 46 41 89 68 Total operational SEEs 6659 9981 12571 15323 25924 35269 45796 59860 126019 279018 Financial SEEs 586 690 1055 1570 246 224 352 447 _ 556 1316 Province Bank 447 501 815 1412 - - - - - - Social Security Institution 102 97 85 28 126 77 57 113 239 696 Pension fund 19 27 46 40 54 72 139 131 123 256 Bank of Pious Foundations - - 6 12 - - 9 5 13 8 People's Bank - 8 6 9 1 3 25 61 63 214 Agricultural Bank 11 47 86 66 60 53 109 87 118 142 State Investment Bank 2 4 11 - - - - Guven Insurance 5 6 - 3 5 19 13 50 - - TOTAL 7245 10671 13626 16893 26170 35493 46148 60307 126575 280334 Source: Ministry of Finance, State Planning Organization, 1981 Annual Program  Table 6.1; Money and Banking End of period TL millions Est.imate 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 7977 1978 1979 19R0 Honey Supply of money, total 43622 52891 69803 88699 117639 150382 209119 283595 444507 668847 Notes and coins 13918 15980 20703 26154 32909 42471 62961 93829 343695 229470 Commercial sight deposits 8673 11838 15998 22609 32077 44931 62953 86033 154480 245278 Saving sigbt deposits 20877 24865 32938 39654 52249 62709 82399 103268 143681 182561 Deposits witb Central Bank 154 208 164 282 404 271 806 465 2651 11538 Supply of quasi money, total 17763 24527 29536 34092 42515 46528 55568 74104 128646 Public sight deposits 4743 6519 8994 9515 13513 15752 21165 29690 45338 Comwercial time deposits 746 941 124 143 188 291 339 338 698 deposits 12274 17067 20418 24434 28814 30485 34064 44076 82610 161958 Central Bank Deposits, total 11016 16663 20955 26120 36927 44738 62937 99485 144061 263361 Public administrations 789 1150 1279 972 1460 2072 2571 2460 527D 45265 Public enterprises 124 184 146 239 378- 215 747 266 2366 10317 Deposit money banks 8687 14679 18525 23165 34131 39060 56300 78970 110675 148831 Investment and development banks 1 22 27 61 110 170 83 716 191 172 IMF end counterpart of aid 1233 32 30 28 27 2387 2387 12559 12919 39924 Other 182 596 948 1655 821 834 849 4514 12640 18852 Lending total 17279 20466 28780 52592 66198 110621 189899 241886 382138 626034 Treasury 6088 7469 7844 12434 16761 21739 45178 56639 91740 178412 Public enterprises 5459 5809 5688 9946 9551 25412 46457 67610 122716 174376 Deposit money banks 5732 7174 15170 24126 26653 41676 62810 77285 121058 225529 Investment and developtent banks - 14 78 6036 13233 21794 35254 40352 46624 47717 Deposit money banks Deposits, total 48350 62619 79971 98447 130428 158448 205803 269058 432386 675915 Public 4757 6720 8312 9019 11107 13947 18104 25053 40374 Private 43593 55899 71659 89428 119321 144501 187699 244005 392012 Lending, total 43651 57793 77306 100521 144135 191249 238288 296340 446188 681920 Public 7500 9841 14037 18510 25828 33529 37584 43394 76054 Private 36151 47952 63269 82011 118307 157720 200704 252946 370134 Investment and development banks Lending, total 12632 12892 16079 26060 37981 60634 84268 105448 135444 159340 Public 10184 10013 12203 21585 32494 53934 75164 90812 109342 Private 2448 2879 3876 4475 5487 6700 9104 14636 26102 Total bank lending (net of Central Bank advances to the banks) 67830 83963 106917 149011 208428 299034 414191 526037 796088 1194048 Public administrations 8813 10588 11412 16469 21830 27521 52869 66351 102731 Public enterprises 20418 22544 28360 46056 62754 107093 151514 192104 297121 Private sector 38599 50831 67145 86486 123794 164420 209808 267582 396236 Source: Central Bank of Turkey OECD Economic Surveys  - 36 - Table 6.2: DISTRIBUTION OF CENTRAL BANK CREDITS (In millions of Turkish liras, end of year) Estimate 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Public sector 13705 14227 23524 32426 62673 120304 156682 252583 391300 Government 9219 10103 14754 18941 28739 60328 77989 119796 224438 Treasury 7469 7844 12484 16761 21739 45178 56639 91740 188734 Short-term advance 7469 7844 12484 16761 21739 45178 56639 91740 188734 Treasury bills - - - - - - - - - Monopoly administration 1750 2259 2270 2180 7000 15150 21350 28056 35704 State economic enterprices 4486 4124 8770 33934 19293 59976 78693 132787 166862 Soil Products Office (TMO) 3350 2700 6700 6000 12200 18575 21495 25524 40226 Financing of internal cerial purchases 3350 2700 670Q 6000 12200 18575 21495 25524 40226 Financing of import (Pi 480-Title 2) - - - - - - - - - Sugar factories 709 729 976 1371 3577 5974 9421 15498 29637 Sumer Bank 427 695 1094 64 880 746 158 686 1844 State Investment Bank - - - 6050 14641 27922 32275 37941 45671 Others - - - - 2636 6758 15344 53638 49484 Private sector 5566 13424 22084 22163 34047 55050 66888 105583 227500 Agricultural credits 1966 2501 2949 790 2531 3871 . 7146 16589 47648 Agricultural sales 1314 3855 11155 11971 13320 21225 16777 31152 46945 Tobacco financing 339 1004 668 858 1196 730 1456 3151 4978 Commercial and industrial credits 660 1569 2594 4248 7487 14646 17965 27065 51208 Artisans and small traders 399 421 341 441 1202 2351 3584 5334 7381 Others 888 4074 4377 3855 8311 12227 19960 22292 69340 Bank liquidation fund 263 235 208 168 104 19 - - - TOTAL 19534 27886 45816 54757 96824 175372 223570 358166 618800 Source: State Institute of Statistics, SPO  - 37 - Table 6.3: CONSOLIDATED COMMERCIAL BANK CREDITS (In millions of Turkish liras) Estimated 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 By economic sectors Industry and mining 16971 21783 27976 35543 48518 62614 80343 156360 238488 Agriculture 10548 15219 25820 35118 39489 49135 52854 82599 155976 Foreign trade and tourism 6360 7564 7746 12419 15974 16860 21874 28108 53140 Housing and other construction 6164 7180 7262 9798 14332 18981 24302 16869 16494 Artisans and small traders 1538 1972 2533 3940 6293 9516 13707 23088 32686 Distribution and services 14407 21289 24376 42134 59155 74370 101284 139164 202587 Others 5 61 36 1 1 - I - - TOTAL 55993 _75068 95749 138953 183762 231476 294365 446188 660371 By public and private sectors General, annexed budgets, administrations and local administrations 3059 3500 391B 5023 5619 7460 9657 SEEs and semi-public enterprises 2065 4381 5307 10030 13513 14101 17624 ) 65353 ) 25198 Private sector 50869 67187 86524 123900 164630 209915 267084 380835 635173 TOTAL 55993 75068 95749 138953 183762 231476 294365 446188 660371 Source: State Institute of Statistics  - 38 - Table 6.4: COMPOSITION OF BANK DEPOSITS (In millions of Turkish Liras) Estimate 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Total Deposits /2 62994 80392 99068 132374 162845 213261 283371 444712 790817 Demand 43354 58085 71998 98412 124371 168097 221114 347951 581327 Time 19640 22307 27070 33962 38474 45164 62257 96755 209490 Official Deposits 7913 10498 11628 _17134 20079 26080 35248 50917 87721 Demand 6524 8999 9536 13547 15799 21197 29695 45338 79033 Time 1389 1499 2092 3587 4280 4883 5653 5579 8688 Commercial Deposits 12978 16216 22836 32374 45357 63930 87280 155178 287823 Demand 11901 16030 22631 32095 44977 63027 86072 154480 286915 Time 1077 186 205 279 380 903 1208 698 908 Household Deposits 42103 53678 64604 82866 97409 123251 160243 210730 342956 Demand 24929 33056 39831 52770 63595 83873 105347 137434 186662 Time 17174 20622 24773 30096 33814 39378 55396 73296 156294 /1 Including inter-bank deposits. Source: Central Bank of Turkey, Monthly Bulletin, various issues.  - 39 - Table 6.5: LENDING AND DEPOSIT INTEREST RATES (In percent per annum) 1970 1973 1973 1974 1978 1979 1980 1981 Mar. 1 Nov. 26 Oct. 1 Apr. 1 May 1 March 1 July 1 Sept. 27 Jan. 1 Feb. 9 Central Bank rediscount rates Rediscounts and advances against bills 9.0 8.0 8.5 9.0 10.0 10.75 14.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 30.25 Agriculture, exports, small industry 7.5 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 12.0 12.5 12.0 15.5 15.5 15.5 Medium-term credits 9.0 9.0 9.0 10.5 11.5 14.0 15.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 30.25 Maximum lending rates by banks Short-term credits General - 10.5 10.5 11.5 16.0 19.0 21.0 31.0 31.0 31.0 36.0 Export credits 12.0 9.0 9.0 10.5 1/ 14.0 16.0 - 22.0 22.0 22.0 27.0 Agricultural credits 10.5 9.0 9.0 10.5 10.5 14.0 16.0 16.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 Medium-term credits General 12.0 12.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 20.0 22.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 38.0 Agricultural credits 10.5 9.0 9.0 10.5 10.5 16.0 18.0 18.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 Long-term credits - - - - - - - 36.0 36.0 36.0 41.0 Credits to artisans - 9.0 9.0 10.5 10.5 16.0 18.0 Central Bank priority credits - - - - 14.0 14.0 16.0 Maximum deposit rates 2/ Savings deposits, demand deposits (0-3 months) 3.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Savings deposits (3-6 months) 4.0 4.0 3/ 4.0 3/ 6.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Savings deposits (6-12 months) 6.0 - - - 9.0 12.0 12.0 15.0 15.0 32.0 42.0 Savings deposits (12-24 months) 9.0 4/ 7.0 7.0 9.0 12.0 20.0 20.0 33.0 33.0 40.0 50.0 Savings deposits (2-3 years) - - - - 16.0 22.0 22.0 34.0 34.0 40.0 50.0 Savings deposits (3-4 years) - - - - 20.0 24.0 24.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 50.0 Savings deposits (4 years or more) - - - - - - - 36.0 36.0 40.0 50.0 Certificates of deposit Six months - - - - - - - 15.0 15.0 32.0 42.0 One year - - - - - - - 33.0 33.0 40.0 50.0 Two years - - - - - - - 34.0 34.0 40.0 50.0 Sight savings - - - - 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 1/ Export credits refinanced fully or partly through the Central Bank and exempt from expenditure tax as provided for in the Decree for the Inducement and Development of Exports are subject to a maximum rate of 9.0 percent. Medium-term credits with the same features are subject to a maximum rate of 12.5 percent. 2/ Since March 1973 banks are not permitted to pay interest on commercial deposits, irrespective of maturity. Instead, a new system of differential maximum rates for savings was set up in order to promote long-term savings. 3/ Three-twelve months. 4/ Twelve-eighteen months. Source: Central Bank of Turkey; Ministry of Finance; IMF.  - 40 - Table 7.1: PRICE INDICES (1963l100, annual average) 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Wholesale prices 199 240 312 343 397 492 751 1231 2551 Foodstuff and fodder 185 225 305 358 412 506 734 1093 2190 Cereals 156 200 318 337 365 430 546 774 1638 Livestock 327 348 371 442 621 891 1322 1959 3806 Livestock products 190 226 297 431 452 577 987 1473 2625 Industrial and setni-manufactured 222 265 322 319 372 470 779 1461 3152 Fuels 293 327 356 378 393 457 960 1717 4630 Minerals 194 201 301 305 319 368 645 1353 2735 Building materials 187 208 253 275 383 652 963 1676 3157 Textiles 190 276 341 300 398 490 681 1190 2135 Cost of living Ankara 208 241 278 331 386 473 725 1174 2365 Istanbul 214 244 302 366 430 541 876 1433 2784 Food 212 243 297 378 458 565 864 1333 2555 Heating and lighting 242 268 339 374 411 610 1096 2122 4404 Clothing 199 238 309 323 341 453 775 1515 2814 Others 229 245 307 352 371 495 958 1616 3386 Source: Ministry of Commerce; Ministry of Finance; State Planning Organization  - 41 - Table 7.2: AVERAGE DAILY WAGES OF WORKERS BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY (In Turkish liras) 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Agriculture Fishing 38.7 50.3 53.9 89.1 99.6 130.2 220.5 226.4 Mining and quarrying Coal mining 33.4 48.7 53.1 96.4 104.4 138.8 207.9 340.9 Metal mining 36.9 44.3 64.9 78.0 118.0 152.6 257.4 329.8 Crude petroelum and natural gas 76.1 84.3 112.7 128.4 185.1 234.5 291.9 388.4 Stone, clay, and sand quarrying 32.8 41.1 60.0 79.9 97.6 119.1 152.1 248.5 Other non-metallic mining and quarrying 37.6 52.4 68.0 80.6 129.9 170.7 221.8 349.0 Manufacturing Food 37.3 45.9 70.5 82.6 116.9 159.7 230.5 319.4 Beverage 47.3 59.0 77.5 92.5 137.7 183.0 260.9 333.2 Tobacco 35.8 64.3 77.6 95.4 125.2 184.1 304.4 357.6 Textiles 40.8 66.0 57.3 65.8 121.9 148.7 214.0 245.2 Footwear and apparel 30.4 38.4 52.9 61.8 86.3 111.1 164.9 232.1 Wood and cork 30.1 35.2 49.2 63.3 86.6 115.2 169.1 260.4 Furniture 29.1 35.4 50.8 64.5 86.3 112.1 147.2 236.2 Paper and paper products 53.5 76.9 77.4 123.9 168.1 226.6 263.7 351.0 Printing and publishing 50.3 55.9 73.4 87.1 113.9 137.6 198.7 275.9 Leather 34.0 41.9 54.4 67.7 111.3 147.1 160.2 238.8 Rubber products 48.6 56.9 79.9 129.7 134.9 171.6 221.5 295.0 Chemicals 59.4 63.6 83.9 103.8 132.5 183.5 254.3 345.0 Petroleum and coal products 76.8 96.6 95.1 150.9 158.8 228.5 272.0 378.4 Nod-metallic mineral products 40.9 54.4 67.0 86.2 122.0 160.9 212.2 293.3 Basic metals 67.9 68.1 98.4 136.5 161.9 203.5 266.0 370.6 Metal products, except machinery 44.9 52.1 66.4 87.4 109.8 148.2 192.4 282.2 Machinery, except electrical machinery 48.9 55.5 68.5 103.9 118.8 117.4 188.9 298.3 Electrical machinery 54.9 60.2 73.7 95.2 123.2 168.4 237.7 321.0 Transport equipment 65.1 70.7 92.0 125.8 148.6 179.4 263.5 356.6 Others 36.7 40.8 55.3 71.9 100.2 127.1 173.8 256.9 Electricity, gas and steam 42.7 58.3 67.7 77.5 106.0 144.1 186.8 287.7 Water and sanitary services 35.2 43.3 59.3 52.1 114.0 170.7 222.6 328.4 Construction 41.7 48.1 64.5 77.2 106.9 126.6 188.8 270.4 Wholesale and retail trade 43.4 50.4 78.6 74.8 96.8 120.2 170.4 252.0 Banks and other financial institutions 40.7 47.9 64.3 75.5 95.7 144.0 205.8 312.2 Insurance 64.9 70.6 82.3 92.5 134.6 186.6 225.7 322.2 Real estate 35.8 42.5 53.1 70.7 88.5 109.9 163.8 249.1 Transport, storage and communication Transport 52.5 62.1 74.3 124.0 117.6 165.4 202.4 310.2 Storage and warehousing 48.1 63.9 72.3 90.6 116.5 165.2 223.3 321.2 Communications 66.2 74.4 77.9 118.7 120.7 148.6 269.8 358.8 Other services Government services 32.8 39.4 56.1 72.7 102.5 142.0 195.3 292.0 Legal, business, and technical service 56.8 74.3 73.4 95.0 122.2 141.3 222.0 323.4 Cinema and theater and similar service 37.1 45.8 56.2 65.3 94.4 114.8 171.7 249.5 Personal services 30.1 36.7 49.0 67.0 83.0 98.6 156.9 234.7 AVERAGE ALL ACTIVITIES 43.9 54.4 68.3 85.6 115.3 146.5 207.9 294.3 Source: State Institute of Statistics  - 42 - Table 7.3; TRENDS IN REAL AND NOMINAL (DAILY) WAGES Nominal Wages Real Wages Year Cost of Living SII 2/ MI 3/ SII 2/ MI 3/ 1970 = 100 1/ Data Survey Data Survey 1960 56.6 14.5 15.7 25.5 27.7 1962 60.3 16.5 17.6 27.4 29.1 1965 67.4 21.6 22.9 32.0 34.0 1967 83.3 25.8 28.4 31.0 34.1 1970 100.0 35.3 40.2 35.3 40.2 1972 137.3 43.9 54.5 32.0 39.7 1973 156.6 54.4 64.1 34.7 40.9 1974 194.0 68.3 82.6 35.2 42.6 1975 234.6 85.6 110.3 36.5 47.0 1976 276.1 115.3 134.1 41.8 48.6 1977 347.9 146.5 200.6 42.1 57.7 1978 563.2 207.9 307.8 36.9 54.7 1979 921.0 294.3 486.0 31.9 52.8 1980 1,789.2 427.0 - 23.9 - 1/ Based on the Istanbul consumer prices index. 2/ The SII data are the average daily wages as reported by the social Insurance Institute. 3/ The MI survey (Annual Survey of the Manufacturing Industry-SII) wage is calculated by dividing total payments (inclusive of bonuses, etc., but exclusive of social security and retirement funds payments) by the number of workers engaged. Source; SPO  - 43 - Table 7.4: GOVERNMENT SALARIES BY GRADES, 1970-1977 Grade Daily Wage (TL per day) 1970 1972 1976 1977 1978 1979 1 222 222 285 380 467 587 2 183 183 238 320 146 501 3 156 156 204 272 338 432 4 133 113 18 240 244 384 5 114 114 157 210 262 339 6 97 97 137 182 230 304 7 84 84 120 160 205 275 8 72 72 106 142 184 253 9 61 60 93 124 164 232 10 54 54 84 112 150 216 11 48 48 76 102 139 205 12 42 42 70 94 136 195 13 36 35 64 86 120 184 14 31 30 57 76 110 173 15 25 25 49 66 99 163 Average Nominal 49.6 49.1 82.5 119.6 165.1 264.3 Average (real)lf 49.6 35.8 39.9 34.5 29.3 28.7 1/ Average nominal wages deflated by Istanbul CPI, 1970 = 100. Source: State Planning Organization, unpublished.  - 44 - Table 7.5: PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR WAGES Nominal Wages Real Wages MI Survey SII Data MI Survey SII Data Public Private Public Private Public Private Public Private Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector 1970 46.7 36.3 38.7 33.0 46.7 36.3 38.7 33.0 1972 61.3 50.4 48.7 41.3 44.6 36.7 35.5 30.1 1973 71.4 60.1 61.6 51.0 45.6 38.4 39.3 32.6 1974 95.6 75.6 76.9 63.5 49.3 39.0 39.6 32.7 1975 130.0 99.1 98.3 78.8 55.4 42.2 41.9 33.6 1976 128.5 137.4 132.2 105.9 46.5 49.8 47.9 38.4 1977 229.0 183.1 178.1 128.7 65.8 35.9 51.3 37.1 1978 366.3 275.1 244.5 185.6 65.0 48.9 43.4 33.0 1979 572.3 436.6 348.8 260.9 62.1 47.4 37.9 28.3 1980 . . 525.3 367.3 . . 29.6 20.5 Source: State Planning Organization.  - 45 - Table 7.6; COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS AND COVERAGE IN TURKEY Number of Agreements Number of Works Covered (000) Public Private Total Public Private Total Sector Sector Sector Sector 1970 478 1,038 1,516 335 215 550 1971 328 1,114 1,442 189 154 343 1972 443 1,160 1,603 278 148 426 1973 551 1,370 1,921 250 193 443 1974 594 1,130 1,724 427 174 602 1975 297 1,596 1,893 91 209 300 1976 917 1,491 2,408 221 255 476 1977 653 1,520 2,173 369 221 590 1978 785 1,440 2,225 280 204 484 1979* 774 890 1,614 100 238 398 Source; Ministry of Labor. * First 8 months figures.  - 46 - Table 8.1: PRINCIPAL LAND USE (In thousands of bectares) 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Cultivated area 25043 25014 24660 24418 24243 24472 24552 24972 Area sown 16047 16062 16154 16241 16321 16531 16352 16605 Fallow land 8996 8952 8506 8177 7922 7941 8200 8367 Tree crops, vineyards, vegetable area 3183 3274 3268 3244 3460 3385 3493 3585 Fruit trees 1052 1153 1187 1163 1263 1290 1321 1352 olive groves 751 775 785 801 810 816 811 812 Vineyards 850 816 795 790 768 760 790 850 Vegetable area 530 530 501 490 619 591 571 571 Forest area 18273 19136 20170 20170 20170 20155 20155 20155 TOTAL 46499 47424 48098 47832 47873 48012 48200 48712 Source: State Institute of Statistics  - 47 - Table 8.2; LAND AREAS FOR CEREALS, PULSES, AND INDUSTRIAL CROPS (In'thousands of hectares) Jan-Sept 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Cereals 13185 13305 13189 13609 13581 13585 13483 13689 13891 Wheat 8730 8850 8750 9250 9250 9325 9300 9400 9500 Barley 2530 2555 2580 2600 2635 2620 2600 2718 2900 Rye 625 610 600 565 530 520 470 470 470 Maize 617 625 620 600 600 580 580 585 550 Oats 295 280 275 260 243 230 225 220 220 Spelt 72 65 58 59 58 50 46 45 40 Millet 38 37 30 25 24 20 20 20 10 Rice 51 60 60 55 54 58 70 75 80 Canary seeds 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 Mixed grains 224 225 215 194 186 180 170 155 120 Pulses 604 616 606 568 630 692 643 670 - Lentils 103 118 117 125 186 240 177 175 201 Dry beans 106 100 100 94 102 104 100 110 100 Chick peas 178 186 175 140. 138 138 168 200 220 Cow vetch 100 103 105 103 103 119 114 113 115 Wild vetch 68 63 60 60 56 48 42 35 38 Broad beans 33 31 34 31 30 30 31 31 30 Kidney beans 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Peas 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 Others 1/ 11 10 10 10 10 7 5 - - Industrial crops 1299 1186 1298 1185 1215 1408 1312 1143 - Cotton 760 677 837 670 581 777 653 612 - Tobacco 352 323 230 242 315 270 304 222 - Sugar beets 149 154 187 215 252 250 277 270 - Flax 11 11 14 13 11 9 5 9 9 Opium 6 0 0 9 22 72 51 18 - Hemp 8 8 8 7 8 7 8 8 7 Aniseed 2 3 10 14 16 4 1 4 7 Others 2/ 9 9 11 17 10 13 13 - - TOTAL 15088 15107 15093 15362 15404 15685 15438 15502 - 1/ Include fenugreek, mango beans and grass peas. 2/ Include dry pepper, sorghum, sugar cane, saffron, coriander, cumin, mustard and touka bean. Source: State Institute of Statistics  - 48 - Table 8.3: OUTPUT OF CEREALS, PULSES AND INDUSTRIAL CROPS (In thousands of tons)