Afghanistan - Horticultural subsector survey (Vol. 2 of 2) : Annexes

Report No. 1324-AF R1`3 IL;E COPY Horticultural Subsector Survey Afghanistan (In Two Volumes) Volume il .May 5, 1977 Agricultural Credit and Agroindustries Division Projects Department Europe, Middle East and North Africa FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Document of the World Bank This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Average Free Market Rate) Year Afghanis (Afs) per US$1 1971 85.28 1972 84.73 1973 80.00 1974 60.98 1975 56.10 May 1976 52 August 1976 46 1976 Average 45 Conversion Rate used in this Report: Afs 50 = US$1 MEASURES 1 beswa 0.05 jerib 1 jerib 0.2 ha 1 ha 2.47 acres WEIGHTS 1 man 4 kg 1 seer 7.66 kg While the same terms (man and seer) are used throughout the countrv their metric equivalents vary between regions. The above values are those most commonly used.  FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ANNEXES AFGHANISTAN HORTICULTURAL SUBSECTOR SURVEY VOLUME II Table of Contents Page No. ANNEXES 1. HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTION . ............... . ....... ...... I A. Introduction. 1 B. Climate .. . . . . . . .# . 4 . . . . . . . . . .* .2 1. Temperature . ............... . ...... 2 2. Precipitation. . . 4 C. Irrigation. 5 1. Present Situation. 5 2. Irrigation and Soils. . . 7 3. Irrigation and Evapotranspiration .10 D. Soils ..11 1. Soil Types. . . 11 2. Soil Fertility . . .12 3. Soil Capability..... 13 E. Land Use and Labor .14 1. Land Use ...14 2. Farm Size and Value..... 17 3. Labor *...17 4. Cost of Labor . . .18 F. Government Service .19 1. Extension Service .......*...... . .*. 19 2. Research.... 21 3. Education . .22 G. Crop Production .24 1. Crops .. . 24 2. Vegetables . . .27 3. Grape Production . . .33 i This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  Table of Contents (Continued) Page No. H. Crop Yields and Financial Returns .... ............. 36 1. Crop Yields and Returns ...................... 36 I. Recommendations .................. .................. 37 1. Crop Production Programs and Climatic Analogues 37 2. Improved Variety Selection and Seed Production. 39 Appendices 1. Vegetable Seed Production in Afghanistan: Requirements and Estimated Investment Costs 2. Certified Potato Seed Production in Afghanistan: Recommendations and Estimated Investment Costs 3. Production of Fruit Tree Nursery Stock in Afghanistan: Recommendations and Estimated Costs and Revenues Table 1 - Nursery Stock Development Program Table 2 - Establishment Cost of Proposed Deciduous Fruit Tree Nursery (500 Jeribs) Table 3 - Deciduous Fruit Tree Nursery - Costs and Revenue (500 Jeribs) 4. Costs and Revenues for Traditional and Improved Methods of Fruits and Vegetables in Afghanistan Table 1 - Estimated Costs and Revenues for Improved and Traditional Fruit Production Table 2 - Estimated Costs and Revenues for Improved and Tradi- tional Production of a Number of Vegetable Crops Table 3 - Estimated Costs and Income for a 100 Jerib Vegetable Farm 5. Horticultural Crop Husbandry and Crop Varieties in Afghanistan 6. Detailed Climatic Data for Some Areas in Afghanistan 7. Specimen Soil Profile Analysis from the Khodaman Valley in Afghanistan 2. AFGHAN 7-YEAR PLAN TARGETS, 1355-1361 (1975-76-1982/83) Table 1 - Production of Important Agricultural Products According to Proposed 7-Year Plan, 1355-1361 (1976-1982) Table 2 - Commercial Exports During the 7-Year Plan, 1355-1361 (1976-1982) Table 3 - Commercial Imports During the 7-Year Plan, 1355-1361 (1976-1982)  Table of Contents (Continued) 3. TRADE Appendix 1 - Direction of Afghanistan Exports to Principal Regions Appendix 2 - Afghanistan Exports Duties & Customs Structure Appendix 3 - Custom House & Border Station Locations Appendix 4 - Afghanistan Horticultural Export Trade Data Table 1 - Direction of Afghanistan Horticultural Exports by Country & Commodity, 1972-1976 Table 2 - Foreign Market Shares of Afghanistan Horticultural Exports by Country & Commodity, 1972-1976 Table 3 - Regional Distribution of Afghanistan Horticultural Exports, 1972-1976 Table 4 - Regional Distribution of Afghanistan Fresh & Dried Fruit & Nut Exports, 1972-1976 Table 5 - Direction of Afghanistan Horticultural Exports by Commodity Group, 1972-1976 4. MARKETING - DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN Appendix 1 - Afghanistan Market Distribution Systems for Vegetable, Fresh and Dried Fruit & Nuts Chart 1 - Typical Domestic Marketing System Chart 2 - Fresh Fruit Product Flow Chart Chart 3 - Dried Fruit Product Flow Chart Chart 4 - Nut Product Flow Chart Appendix 2 - Export Marketing Systems Appendix 3 - The Export of Raisins The Raisin Institute Table I - Export Raisin Production, Processing and Marketing Costs in Afghanistan (May, 1976) Table 2 - Annual Raisin Prices of Selected Exporters in the U.K. Market (1973) Appendix 4 Table 1 - World Competitive Position of Afghan Producer Prices  Table of Contents (Continued) Appendix 5 - Cooperative Development in Afghanistan Appendix 6 - Market Prospects for Individual Commodities 5. PROCESSING Appendix 1 - General Observations on Raisin Processing in Afghanistan Table 1 - Raisin Processing Plant Visits Table 2 - Raisin Processing Costs (1974 estimates) Appendix 2 - Marketing Margins: Apricot Dehydration Appendix 3 - Kandahar Canning Factory Appendix 4 - Juice Concentrate Plant Appendix 5 - Other Processing Appendix 6 - Cost of Labor 6. GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION Chart 1 - Afghanistan - Organization Chart for the Ministry of Commerce Chart 2 - Afghanistan - Organization Chart for the Ministry of Agriculture  ANNEX 1 HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTION Table of Contents Page No. A. INTRODUCTION ............................................. I B. CLIMATE .................................... 2 Temperature ........................ 2 Precipitation ...... ................. 4 C. IRRIGATION ................................... . 5 Present Situation .. ...................... . 5 Irrigation and Soils ............................... . 7 Irrigation and Evapotranspiration ........ .. ......... 10 D. SOILS .................................................... 11 Soil Types .......................................... 11 Soil Fertility ...... ........... ..................... 12 Soil Capability .. .................. ................. 13 E. LAND USE AND LABOR ...... .............. ................... 14 Land Use ...................... ...................... 14 Farm Size and Value .............. .. ................. 17 Labor ........................ ....................... 17 Cost of Labor ....... ............. ................... 18 F. GOVERNMENT SERVICES ...................................... 19 Extension Service ............... .. .................. 19 Research ........................................... . 21 Education ................ ........................... 22 Afghan Fertilizer Company ............. .. ............ 23 G. CROP PRODUCTION ....... .............. ..................... 24 Crops ........................ ....................... 24 Vegetables ....... .............. ..................... 27 Grape Production .................................... 33 H. CROP YIELDS AND FINANCIAL RETURNS ........................ 36 Crop Yields and Returns ............................. 36 I. RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................... 37 Crop Production and Climatic Analogues .... ......... 37 Improved Variety Selection and Seed Production ..... 39  Table of Contents (Continued) APPENDICES 1. Vegetable Seed Production in Afghanistan: Requirements and Estimated Investment Costs 2. Certified Potato Seed Production in Afghanistan: Recommendations and Estimated Investment Costs 3. Production of Fruit Tree Nursery Stock in Afghanistan: Recommendations and Estimated Costs and Revenues Table 1 - Nursery Stock Development Program Table 2 - Establishment Cost of Proposed Deciduous Fruit Tree Nursery (500 Jeribs) Table 3 - Deciduous Fruit Tree Nursery - Costs and Revenue (500 Jeribs) 4. Costs and Revenues for Traditional and Improved Methods of Fruits and Vegetables in Afghanistan Table 1 - Estimated Costs and Revenues for Improved and Traditional Fruit Production Table 2 - Estimated Cost and Vevenues for Improved and Tradi- tional Production of a Number of Vegetable Crops Table 3 - Estimated Costs and Income for a 100 Jerib Vegetable Farm 5. Horticultural Crop Husbandry and Crop Varieties in Afghanistan 6. Detailed Climatic Data for Some Areas in Afghanistan 7. Specimen Soil Profile Analysis from the Khodaman Valley in Afghanistan  ANNEX 1 Page 1 HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTION A. INTRODUCTION 1.01 Horticulture is a major farm enterprise in Afghanistan. Horticul- tural crops are produced on 6% of the total irrigated area in Afghanistan (Table 1). The total area of horticultural crops is 231,600 ha, of which 140,300 ha are used for fruit and nut production and 91,300 ha are used for vegetable crop production. Grape production is the most important single enterprise (70,300 ha). The importance of horticulture in Afghanistan's agricultural economy is also evidenced by its high contribution to the value of agricultural exports. In 1975 (IBRD Agricultural and Rural Development Sector Report, 1975), the value of horticultural products amounted to $79.0 million (50%) out of a total agricultural export trade of $159 million. Even by world standards, horticulture is an important industry. The size of the industry and its distribution in small-scale production units, provides the basis for a widespread indigenous horticultural expertise which should be a valuable asset in achieving the future potential for horticulture in the area. 1.02 The high value of horticultural crops provides for a better per unit area farm income and also ensures that high value fully irrigated lands are used to their full potential. Wheat has an approximate gross value of 3,000-4,500 Afs/jerib, depending on the region of the country. Some form of double cropping could increase the gross return to 6,000-8,000 Afs/jerib. However, most orchards crops or vegetable rotations have a gross return of 20,000-30,000 Afs/jerib. Costs of production of horticultural crops would be higher but even so net return from these crops can at a minimum be double those based on wheat as a major component in the crop rotation.  ANNEX 1 Page 2 Table 1: Total Irrigable Area and Area Under Main-Crop Cultivation 1350 1351 1352 Description 1971 - 1972 1972 - 1973 1973 - 1974