Nepal - Agricultural sector survey : the general report (Vol. 1 of 2) : The general report

Iteport No. 519a-NEP F IL E Agricultural Sector Survey of Nepal: The General Report vIn Two Volumes) Volume IDecember 20 1974 South Asia Projects Department Not for Public Use Document of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development international Development Association I~~~~~~~~~~~~~I This report was prepared for official use only by the Bank Group. It may not be published, quoted or cited without Bank Group authorization. The Bank Group does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the repiort.  CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS US$1 = Nepalese Rupees (Rs) 10.56 Rs 1 = US$0.094 = Indian Rupees (IR) 0.726 Rs 1,000,000 = US$94.340 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Metric System 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.20 pounds 1 quintal = 100 kg = 220 pounds 1 metric ton (m ton) = 1,000 kg = 2,204.62 pounds = 0.98 long ton 1 meter (m) = 39.37 inches = 3.28 feet = 1.09 yards 1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 mile 1 bigha = 0.68 ha 2 = 1.7 acres 1 hectare (ha) 2 = 10,000 m = 2.47 acres 1 square kilometer (km ) = 100 ha = 0.39 square mile Crop Year: June 1 - May 31 Financial Year: July 16 - July 15 (exact dates vary with lunar calendar) ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADBN = Agricultural Development Bank of Nepal AMC = Agricultural Marketing Corporation CEDA = Center for Economic Development and Administration, Tribhuvan University DA = Department of Agriculture DF = Department of Forestry DIHM = Department of Irrigation, Hydrology and Meteorology DT = Department of Transport FAMSD = Food and Marketing Services Department, MFAI FMS = Farm Management Study HMG Government of Nepal IAAS Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University JT = Junior Technicians, DA JTA = Junior Technical Assistants, DA M = Million MFAI = Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Irrigation MPP = Iinimum Package Program NDC = Nepal Dairy Corporation NESP = National Education System Plan NPC = National Planning Commission NRB = Nepal Rastra Bank NRC = Nepal Resettlement Company VC = Village Committees VP = Village Panchayats  BACKGROUND DATA IAND USE (approximate) POPULATION 1972 ooo 2 Total (mid. 1971) 11.6 M Forests 5T 36 Annual growth (1961-1971) 2.0% Cultivated Area 23 16 Density (1971) 82/Km2 Other 1J 66 48 Rural 11.1 M Total 141 100 Per Cultivated Area 5/ha GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS (1970) 1970/71 GDP (at current prices): Crude birth rate (per 1,000) 45 Total Rs9,077 Crude death rate (per 1,000) 23 Per Capita Rs785 (US$74) LABOR FORCE Annual Share Growth in Total 6.3 M GDP at 1965 Prices (1965-71) 1970/71 Agricultural 5.9 M Agriculture 2.4% 67 Agriculture as % of Total 93 Non-Agriculture 1.8% 33% Total 2.2% 100% ELWCATION (1970) HEALTH (1970) Primary School Enrolment 32% Secondary School Enrolment 5% Population Per Physician 37,000 Adult Literacy Rate 16% Population Per Hospital Bed 5,704 AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AND FARM SIZE, HILLS AND TERAI, 1968/69 Av. Net Farm Percent of Share of Share of Income Per Total Total Total Farm Size Strata Holdinn Households Farm Area Income (ha) (Rs) (%) (%) MS^R The Hills Below 0.4 540 62.3 27.2 3J.4 0.4 - 1.0 1,265 27.7 39.5 35.5 Above 1.0 3,142 10.0 33.3 31.1 All Hill Strata 1,009 100.0 100.0 100.0 The Terai Below 1.7 464 46.8 10.2 11.6 1.7 - 5.1 1,959 30.8 26.9 32.1 Above -.1 4,716 22.4 62.9 56.3 All Terai Strata 1,877 100.0 100.0 100.0 1/ Grasslands, area under permanent snow, barren land, water, shrubs, and built-up areas.  - ii - MAJORS CROPS: AREA, PRODUCTION AND YIELDS Annual Growth Rates Average 19721_ (Average 1967-Average 1972)1/ Area Production Yield Area Production Yield ('000 ha) ('OOO m tons) (m tons/ha) T (%) Foodgrains Major Foodgrains 1,861 3,201 1.7 1.7 0.7 -1.0 Paddy (1,176) (2,185) (1-9) ( 0.9) 0 0.6) (-0.3) Maize ( 440) ( 772) (1.8) ( 0.1) (-0.9) (-1.0) Wheat ( 245) ( 244) (1.0) (10.6) ( 7.4) (-3-1) Minor Foodgrains 144 156 1.1 2.7 1.8 -0.9 Total Foodgrains 2,005 3,357 1.6 1.7 0.7 -1.