Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 8 May 2025.#Beevers Kaas BV v Albert Heijn België NV and Others.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Competition – Agreements, decisions and concerted practices – Prohibition – Vertical agreements – Article 101(3) TFEU – Regulation (EU) No 330/2010 – Block exemption – Article 4(b)(i) – Hardcore restriction that removes the benefit of that exemption – Exception – Exclusive distribution agreements – Restriction of active sales in an exclusive territory – Concept of ‘agreement’ – Concurrence of wills between the supplier and its buyers – Proof – Exclusive territory allocated to a buyer – Absence of active sales by other buyers in that territory.#Case C-581/23.