Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 28 November 2024.#Hengshi Egypt Fiberglass Fabrics SAE and Jushi Egypt for Fiberglass Industry SAE v European Commission.#Appeal – Common commercial policy – Protection against subsidised imports from third countries – Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures of the World Trade Organization (WTO) – Articles 1 and 2 – Regulation (EU) 2016/1037 – Articles 2 to 4 – Concepts of ‘subsidy’, ‘government’, ‘specificity’ and ‘benefit’ – Financial contributions granted by Chinese public bodies to undertakings incorporated under Egyptian law owned by Chinese entities established in the China-Egypt Suez Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone – Possibility of classifying such financial contributions as subsidies granted by the Government of Egypt, having regard to that government’s own conduct – Whether permissible – Conditions – Financial contribution consisting in forgoing government revenue that is otherwise due – Benefit conferred on the recipient undertakings – Choice of the relevant reference situation for the purpose of characterising the existence of that financial contribution and that benefit – Articles 5 and 6 – Calculation of the benefit – Concepts of ‘recipient’ and ‘undertaking’.#Joined Cases C-269/23 P and C-272/23 P.