Joined Cases C-623/23 and C-626/23, Melbán and Sergamo: Judgment of the Court (Tenth Chamber) of 15 May 2025 (requests for a preliminary ruling from the Juzgado de lo Social No 3 de Pamplona and the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Madrid – Spain) – UV (C-623/23), XXX (C-626/23) v Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social (INSS) (Reference for a preliminary ruling – Social policy – Directive 79/7/EEC – Equal treatment for men and women in matters of social security – Article 4(1) and (2) – Article 7(1) – National legislation providing for a pension supplement awarded to women who are in receipt of contributory retirement pensions and have had one or more biological or adopted children – Possibility of awarding such a supplement to men subject to additional requirements – Direct discrimination on grounds of sex – Article 23 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union