Case C-543/23, Gnattai: Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 4 September 2025 (request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale di Padova – Italy) – AR v Ministero dell’Istruzione e del Merito (Reference for a preliminary ruling – Social policy – Framework agreement on fixed-term work concluded by ETUC, UNICE and CEEP – Clause 4 – Teachers who have acquired professional experience in certain schools that are not operated or organised by the State – Recruitment on a permanent basis at a State school – Determination of length of service for the purposes of determining salary – National legislation not providing for account to be taken of periods of service completed in certain schools not operated or organised by the State – Difference in treatment based on a criterion other than the permanent or fixed-term nature of the employment relationship – Articles 20 and 21 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Applicability