Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 23 November 2023.#J. P. Mali Kerékpárgyártó és Forgalmazó Kft. v Nemzeti Adó- és Vámhivatal Fellebbviteli Igazgatósága.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Fővárosi Törvényszék.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Customs union – Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 – Article 42(1) – Obligation on the Member States to provide for effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties for failure to comply with the customs legislation – Incorrect declaration of the country of origin of the imported goods – National legislation providing for a fine corresponding to 50% of the shortfall in customs duties – Principle of proportionality.#Case C-653/22.