Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 4 October 2024.#AH and FN v Bundesamt für Fremdenwesen und Asyl.#Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof.#References for a preliminary ruling – Area of freedom, security and justice – Common asylum policy – Directive 2011/95/EU – Conditions that must be fulfilled by third-country nationals in order to be granted refugee status – Article 2(d) and (e) – Concept of ‘act of persecution’ – Level of seriousness required – Article 9 – Sufficiently severe accumulation of measures that discriminate against women – Article 9(1)(b) – Types of acts of persecution – Article 9(2) – Assessment of applications for international protection – Article 4(3) – Obligation to carry out an individual assessment – Scope.#Joined Cases C-608/22 and C-609/22.