Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 12 October 2023.#Criminal proceedings against GR and Others.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Županijski sud u Puli-Pola.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in criminal matters – Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement – Article 54 – Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Article 50 – Principle ne bis in idem – Assessment in the light of the facts contained in the grounds of the judgment – Assessment in the light of the facts examined in the context of a preliminary investigation and omitted from the indictment – Meaning of ‘the same acts’.#Case C-726/21.