China - Provincial education planning and finance sector study (Vol. 2 of 2) : Annexes

Report No. 8657-CHA China Provincial Education Planning and Finance-Sector Study (In Two Volumes) Volume II: Annexes June 26, 1991 Environment, Human Resources and Urban Development Operations Division China and Mongolia Department Asia Region FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Th&o-cument-ias a jst idistribution and may be used by reiiet 4n8i ihe )Perfonmance of their official duties. its contents may not otherwise, be 0.5clbsed. wit" World. B" autliirizati. .n  CURRENCY EQUIVALENT The Chinese currency is called Renminbi (RMB) It is denominated in Yuan (Y) Exchange Rates used in this report are: 1980: US$l Y 1.50 1981: US$l = Y 1.71 1982: US$1 = Y 1.88 1983: US$1 = Y 2.00 1984: US$1 = Y 2.00 1985: US$1 = Y 2.80 1986: US$1 = Y 3.20 1987: US$1 = Y 3.70 1988: US$1 = Y 3.70 1989: US$l = Y 3.70 1990: US$1 = Y 4.70 FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 ACADEMIC YEAR September 1 - August 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS CIER - Central Institute of Education Research CTMRI Curriculum and Teaching Materials Research Institute IDA = International Development Association MOF - Ministry of Finance MOLP = Ministry of Labor and Personnel NECPSST D National Evaluation Committee for Primary and Secondary School Textbooks PEP = People's Education Press SEdC = State Education Commission SPC - State Planning Commission STS = Secondary Vocational Schools SWS = Skill Worker Schools SVS - Secondary Vocational Schools TVE - Television Education  FOR OmCIL USE ONLY CHINA PROVINCIAL EDUCATION PLANNING AND FINANCE Volume It ANNEXES Table of Contents Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION Annex No. 1.1 Summary of Issues and Recomendations Found in Previous Sector Reports 1.2 Peovincial Education Statistics (Student Enrollment, Teachers and Schools) Chapter 2: NATIONAL CONTEXT FOR EDUCATION REFORM Annex No. 2.1 Compulsory Education Law Chapter 3: STRUCTURE, MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING OF EDUCATION In CHI Annex No. 3.1 National Education Statistics 3.2 Comparative Education Statistics 3.3 Public Expenditures on Education 3.4 Curriculum 3.5 Vocational Training in China 3.6 Recommended Programs, Policies and Studies Related to Skill Training Chapter 4: EDUCATION FINANCING AT THE PROVINCIAL LEVEL Annex No. 4.1 Statistics on Prefectures Visited by the Mission 4.2 Education Finances in Shaasxi and Guizhou 4.3 Enrollment and Cost Projections in Shaanxi and Guizhou Chapter 5s PLANNING OF UNIVERSAL EDUCATION IN GUIZHOU AND SHAANXI Annex No. 5.1 Parameters for Government Cost Estimates 5.2 Guizhou: Projection of Required Expenditure for Basic Education Chapter 6s HIGHER EDUCATION IN GUIZHOU AND SHAANXI Annex No. 6.1 Higher Education Statistics and Financial Information 6.2 Cost and Benefits of Higher Education Institutional Mergers This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of thir official duties Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  - 1 - AN= 1.1 SHARY OF ISSUES AND RBCO)OENDATIONS FOUND IN PIBVIOUS SZCTOR REPORTS  ANNEX 1.1 - 2 - Page I of 3 SUMHARY OF ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOUND IN PREVIOUS SECTOR REPORTS Socialist Economic Development - Volume III (1983) 1. This report identifies 5 major issues: (a) Shortage of qualified high level manpower in industry, agriculture, transportation, construction, administration and computer technology. (b) Shortage of qualified middle level technicians in industry, agriculture, transportation, construction. (c) Need to improve the quality and quantity of primary and secondary education. (d) Teacher quality. (e) Low efficiency of educational institutions. (f) Need to increase the funding for education. 2. The report describes and assesses government's plans and programs for dealing with these issues and recormends that priority should be given to expanding and improving university education, expanding vocational technical education and reducing the percentage of unqualified teachers. The first education projects were designed to meet these priority needs. 3. Recommendations on primary and secondary education, efficiency and financing made in this report are still very valid and should be taken into consideration when identifying future projects. The provincial education study will complement the findings by adding the local dimension absent in this report. China Issues and Prospects in Education (1985) 4. This report estimated (at 1982 prices) the recurrent cost requirements of the education sector between 1982 and the year 2000. It concluded that the Chinese Government should be able to meet the recurrent costs of a nine-year basic educatiox system, if careful attention is given to planning the increases irk teacher salaries and vocationalization at the secondary school level. Assuming that GNP will triple by the end of the century, that teachers' salaries grow in line with GNP per capita and that equipment costs for vocational programs are in line with proposed cost saving measures, the report estimates that the recurrent cost of education would increase from Y 14 billion in 1982 to Y 33-38 billion in the year 2000, and that total annual public expenditure on education would amount to Y 46-52 billion in the year 2000. This figure is equivalent to 3.1 - 3.5 of estimated GNP in that year, a percentage which is affordable for most LDCs. Additionally the report makes the following points:  AMX 1.1 - 3 - Page 2 of 3 (a) Enrollment levels and quality of education in poor isolated areas are low and require attention. Increasing self reliance in primary education tends to aggravate the problem because poor parents do not see the benefits of educating their children. There is therefore a need for increased financial support from higher levels of Government for schools in poorer areas. (b) It is necessary to review the program of vocationalizing 50S of the secondary schools. Experience from other countries shows that such programs are of higher cost than general secondary schooling and it is not always clear that benefits are equally high. (c) China employs many more teachers than would be considered necessary in other countries. S. The provincial education study projects expenditures at the provincial level using a methodology similar to the one used in this study, and pays particular attention to issues raised in this study, i.e., enrollment and efficiency of primary schools. Solutions to the problems which are to be implemented at the provincial level are proposed. ManaLSLeut and Finance of Higher Education (1986) 6. The report recommends that there be expansion of enrollments in higher education to cover 122 of the school age population (from about 2S at present). This growth is to be accompanied bys (a) higher student teacher ratios; (b) reduction in student subsidies; (c) increasing the size of universities; (d) better design and use of the physical plant; and (e) improved fiscal management including new systems of accounts, the creation of auditing units and new organizational structures which are compatible with new budgeting and accounting principles. 7. The Provincial Education Study is looking at ways in which these recommendations could be adopted at the provincial level and mechanisms for doing so. Technical/Vocational Education for China's Development (1987) 8. Broadly, the report recommends no exMansion of the Vocational/Technical education system until existing programs are made more efficient. It provides specific recommendations for improving planning, quality and efficiency and it shows how costs will vary greatly depending on efficiency measures adopted.  ANNEX 1.1 - 4 - Page 3 of 3 9. The Provincial Education Study has little to add to the recinmendatione made In this study and is focusing on understsading the specific procedures needed *t the provincial level for the implementation of efficiency and quality measures proposed in the earlier stttdy. Also, it will use the recommendations of this report in policy dialogue with Provincial Authorities.  - 3 - AJUEX 1.2 PIOVIICIAL KUTION STATISTICS (STUDENT ENROLLMT, TEACN AND SCHOOLS)  PROVINCIAL EDUCATItN STATISTICS PRIUMARY EDUCAnON: ENROLMNTS BY SEX, RIRAL, OVER/UNDER AGE, P DROVICE - 198 (All Figuro. In Thousand.) Ov.u/ TOtaI Enrol. U. or EArols=" Toftl Fbot Runrl X 7-11 yro 7-11 NER Age X 00 Class" Tsacbers To/Cl tu/Cl Po/To PrOvince Total 125,89 57,2386 46 100,48? 00 90,5" 89,804 9? 81,655 2C 180 8,066 5,501 1.4 $1 28 oij Il 81t 408 49 69 46 037 Ct4 99 217 28 284 2t 49 1.0 a8 16 TlFnjI 7a6 86 44 so 981 562 659 100 1in 26 18 28 44 1.9 a8 17 "bl *,8?0 2,902 47 6,080 so 5,142 8,075 99 1,296 20 124 207 268 1.2 81 2s Shnxl 2,9211 1,897 47 2,421 81 2,894 2,369 99 612 231 128 128 102 1.8 24 1s lower HgoIl 21,84 1,115 47 1,684 71 1,68 1,38a 97 587 23 126 93 149 1.6 26 le Linoning 4,063 1,0I0 43 2,?68 so 8,134 8,102 n 961 24 180 1I8 206 1.6 81 20 Jilln 2,910 1,866 48 1,761 01 2,174 2,142 99 76M 26 184 0 145 1.6 so 20 H I esl J )n 4,178 1,00 48 2,76 66 3,11o a,07l 99 1,104 26 134 140 212 1.5 30 20 ShanghaI 994 479 48 469 4? 788 788 9 "I 26186 27 67 2.1 87 1B JtIngsu 0,419 8,004 47 4 889 es 4,741 4,696 g9 1,t21 27 185 162 258 1.4 as 24 S 2b.JT.. 8,690 1,721 47 1M 7 a,019 2,001 so 6 16 121 112 144 1.8 sa 25 6 AWa)w 6,79 2,600 44 8,942 67 4,7 4,754 97 2,044 a0 139 10 265 1.4 86 26 FJias 8 340 1,507 48 2,064 e0 2,669 2.626 9s 714 21 126 128 145 1.2 27 28 Ji nxxl 6,062 2,247 44 4,508 89 4,088 8621 97 1,161 28 1 146 221 1.6 86 28 $111i"dooll s630 81,sn7 47 7,0S 58 6,612 6,504 9 1700 22 12 277 40e 1.6 sO 20 "am 9,600 4,466 46 0,t49 es 8,10 7,847 97 1,9s6 20 121 278 488 1.6 86 22 Hubes 0,479 2,947 48 4,974 7 4,665 4,86 90 1,678 26 la8 191 2 1.6 S4 22 Humn 7,216 3,817 46 5,42 St 5,72 6,09 91 ,66o 22 125 220 809 1.4 88 28 Ou.m.- 6,667 8,14S 46 6,56181 6,867 5,309 9 1,568 28 128 209 269 1.8 83 26 Gua9uxi 5,876 2,869 44 4,722 89 4,428 4,242 00 1,184 21 121 179 209 1.2 8o 26 Haioan 604 49858 7 667 787 725 90 179 20 128 80 87 1.2 8o 24 Slcduw 11,148 6,121 46 9,584 66 7,226 6,00 90 4,252 s8 154 887 441 1.8 88 2s 0ulzho 4,497 1,719 86 4,054 00 8,621 ,256 90 1,241 26 124 189 164 1.2 82 26 Y_uan 4,804 2,096 44 2,27 00 3,616 8,421 of 1,388 29 188 ion 17 1.0 29 28 Tibet 145 60 41 0 0 s 224 126 s6 20 14 7 7 8 1.2 21 18 Sh anul 8,410 1,586 47 2,689 79 2,608 2,656 66 064 26 181 140 170 1.2 24 20 "In 2,520 1,067 42 2,101 68 1,764 1,a66 66 sss 84 141 97 121 1.8 26 21 ainpri ca54 28 44 860 " 474 896 8a 19 20 61 18 26 1.6 80 20 llnoxis 699 802 48 5s 61 532 490 94 201 26 11 22 25 1.1 81 26 Xlnglang 1,U47 98 49 1,459 79 1,480 1,487 97 410 22 126 es 94 1.4 27 20 w Source: Stat Eduction CoMISWon Kays IEl; Not Enrol moot Ratio ER: Oro"e Enrol l_nt Ratio Pu/Cl: P,pla1 P-r Class Pu/T.s Pupls to T.cbrw Ta/CI: Tacher to Clawo P P  PRMA EDUCATIONt SCHOLS, TEACING SrMS, CLASSES - 196 Schools TO.SMOea uroa une - so i nra rourt - - Gvra- Class" tl Toal 0?,021 159,79 749,170 65,090 655,840 0,038 015,609 274,539 5,211 8,07,508 to 0.9 0OIJ|t 8,708 26 656 4,872 4,96 4,198 8,48C5 8,86 1,82 27,099 5 11.9 sln rea2,2 1 4,27 ,87 8,042 8,700 8,220 8,120 1I596 28,20 7 18.6 "Obe1 48,019 8,008 s6,o98 80,831 80,009 80,427 96,563 16,567 a8,83s 207,30u 10 6.0 5honai 42,551 1,4Si 15,899 18,675 14,828 1,0901 19,500 1,508 42,641 122,:04 85 1.2 Inoer sll 15,010 ,47 16,020 14,508 14,507 14,649 15,670 2,066 U8.340 02,905 17 2.2 LIo.iag 15,82 8,448 22,568 21,027 22,5a9 21,463 20,150 10,647 2,229 180,66 2 15.2 Jitl 10,664 8,ss2 16,440 16,881 16,251 15,40a 14,965 14,570 1,998 05,001 2 15.2 .I lfoegaalo 17,179 7,407 24,708 22,430 22,820 21,640 21,554 16,240 9,:12 140,804 7 1.0 Shaohal 2,639 60 s,o06 4,612 4,489 1,200 5,000 8,601 01 6,6288 0 1U.4 482,48 1,Ja0 162 18,527 80,382 8so 021 20,083 15645 15,70t 101,71 9 6.7 z as~8,"70 268 1s,107 1S,117 157I 10,174 10,240 516 18,452 132,174 25 4.0 ' Lav 8635,781 6,562 41,578 34,06 82,600 81,460 80,784 2,1I1 18,850 100,827 7 1.1 Pa)).. 24,884 6,%1 28,23s 20,874 21,668 20,119 18,190 4,805 14,440 123,120 12 4.0 8 a8,568 8,06 2,032 24,020 25,687 25,067 25s,01 52 17,706 145,214 12 .0 0",ooo 4,518 56,572 50,203 4,884 47,409 48,89S 5,152 24,545 276',71 9 1.9 Minoan 44,370 12,657 0,2m 52,97 51,630 50,544 40,157 2,644 0,499 278,486 8 0.9 Nobel 318 0,518 86,711 of,72.. 8807 2,285 80o's 14,572 11,000 191,001 6 7.0 Human 49,742 8,j0 86,a78 35a59b 8554 5524 o 26 6 189,176 216,750 0 12.0 C4ou"aan 24,011 12,524 42,819 s6,428 86,102 88,530 81,0u 10,428 7,667 20",07 4 8.@ iseagsu) 15,547 40,478 as838 2s,565 20,2 96,46 25,256 6,040 80,780 17,5833 17 2.0 Hbin. n4,1 1:,M 0,602 6,511 6,570 4,709 4,220 530 oa 30,52 2 1.? Slehuvs 70,119 8,441 56,527 49,554 51,21 52,211 58,127 58,740 10,491 83,754 J 17.4 w)zb.ta 25,810 12,20t7 0,028 26,405 24,062 21,880 16,560 '152 8,89 186,8s 6 S.0 nb. 554 1,56 6 29, &,Su 746 25,788 24,607 24,094 21,270 9,001 29,747 16455 16 5.6 TIbet 2,453 3,158 1,082 0on 8 937 142 S 0,00 0 2.1 Slmai 37U,52 2,28 22,097 19,438 19,725 19,906 10,600 7,924 80,6"2 140,86 22 6.0 "n 24,890 200 21,064 10,641 16,048 14,674 14,002 2,494 12,018 6,978 12 1.0 iaoX_ a8,709 024 5,704 2,008 2,648 2,578 2,502 49S 2,013 17,00 15 2. lapisa 4,2G so0 5,082 4,141 a,842 S9,U4 8,129 941 1, on 22,281 7 4.2 4s xif1D9 'o,6.7 5,? 14,f19 12,88 12:00 12,288 2,S 20196 1,4 0.462 S 4.2 4. Soure s Stat Edseal.o Cooilaaton. N 0  PRImRY EDUCATION: TEACERS BY SEX, RURAL, MINORITIES, LEEL OF DCATION - 1986 (All P)gr.. in Thoucand) Toac* FI . Rural X minority x 1:0TAL $5,501 2,284 42 4,272 78 421 8 8,748 08 1,520 28 28 4 teJog486 721 82 4 41 05 7 15 0 1 Tian In 44 27 82 20 45 1 2 34 77 10 22 1 8 Nubl m258 181 5t 198 77 1 1 16 72 os 25 9 8 Shixl 102 07 54 181 01 0 0 120 74 59 24 8 2 Ineer MoPlia 140 07 46 107 n 28 22 94 O 50 $4 0 4 Lmisoa 206 1i8 so 141 66 88 10 145 70 58 27 0 8 jillt 145 78 54 00 82 11 B 106 7 n s 26 4 s N.i lo.gi ow 212 117 56 142 07 12 0 129 S1 75 85 0 4 SbChaha l57 80 8 25 44 0 0 at a 16 28 2 8 JI 268 ~ ~~~ ~ 06 V 178 SS 0 0 101 78 65 25 7 a Zh.1 1 71