Factsheet of the OSCE Forum for Security Co-operation

OSCE Forum for Security Co-operation

DIALOGUE

TRANSPARENCY

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Who we are The OSCE’s 57 participating The FSC’s work is focused on History the OSCE’s politico-military States have developed the dimension of security. Its main The Conference for Security and objectives are to negotiate Co-operation in Europe (CSCE), world’s most advanced regime of agreements on arms control, the predecessor of the OSCE, disarmament and confidence- was established in the 1970s arms control, disarmament and building measures; to hold to deal with risks deriving from regular consultations and inter-State rivalries and to reduce confidence- and security-building strengthen co-operation on the risk of military confrontations matters related to security; to during the Cold War. measures. The Forum for Security reduce the risk of conflicts; and to implement agreed measures. The participating States agreed Co-operation (FSC) is the key to base their security relations The FSC also serves as a forum on co-operation and not to OSCE platform that supports this for information exchange and enhance their security at the offers practical assistance to expense of other States. work and where the States co- States, at their request, to prevent the proliferation of weapons. In 1992, the FSC was created operate for greater openness and as a decision-making body In line with the OSCE’s to consult on military security transparency to increase military comprehensive approach to and stability in the OSCE security, the FSC’s activities area. Its mandate was security and stability in the Euro- also complement the expanded in 1994 and in the organization’s work in the early 2000s, the FSC began Atlantic and Eurasian areas. economic and environmental, designing and implementing and human dimensions. projects on the ground.

Areas of work

Recognizing that today’s threats are global, dynamic, and have multiple sources, the FSC works to address key issues in the politico-military dimension such as:

Preventing armed Restoring trust and enhancing military Combating the illicit trafficking Improving the security conflicts predictability between States of weapons that fuels terrorism of ammunition depots and organized crime

Preventing the proliferation Ensuring parliamentary Promoting women’s role of nuclear, chemical and control of armed forces in the security sector biological weapons and security forces How we work The FSC is a decision-making body The FSC Chairmanship is through capacity-building, separate from, but works awareness-raising and that brings together representatives closely with the OSCE-wide technical assistance. Chairmanship. of the 57 OSCE participating States The FSC Support Section Decisions taken by the FSC also serves as the depository every week. Its work is supported are politically binding and of all military information taken by consensus to exchanges among the and operationalized by the OSCE ensure that all participating participating States. States have an equal say in Secretariat’s FSC Support Section the decision-making process. The OSCE Field Operations and OSCE missions in the field. The FSC Support Section The OSCE’s field operations in South-Eastern Europe, The Forum for Security As a platform for military The FSC Support Section is Eastern Europe and Central Co-operation co-operation, the FSC is part of the Conflict Asia often co-operate with where confidence- and Prevention Centre in the national governments and Meeting in Vienna’s Hofburg, security-building measures are Vienna-based OSCE the FSC Support Section to the Forum for Security negotiated and where their Secretariat. It provides conduct on-the-ground Co-operation provides a space implementation is reviewed. advice and practical support assistance in areas such as for dialogue where political and to FSC Chairmanships and demining, the control of small military representatives of the The Forum is chaired on a helps OSCE participating arms, the safe management 57 OSCE participating States rotating basis, with each State States with implementing of ammunition depots, and raise and address their holding the Chairmanship for their commitments in the strengthening chemical and security concerns. four months. politico-military dimension biological security.

The OSCE decision-making hierarchy

The FSC is an important decision-making body of the OSCE.

Summit Ad hoc meeting of OSCE Heads of State or Government

Ministerial Council Annual meeting of Foreign ministers

Permanent Council Forum for Security Co-operation The Permanent Council is the OSCE’s regular body for The Forum is an autonomous political dialogue and decision-making body in decision-making, in which the which representatives meet permanent representatives of weekly to consult on military the participating States meet stability and security. weekly in Vienna.

To learn more about the OSCE’s decision-making structure, The FSC meets every Wednesday in Vienna’s Hofburg and is chaired by an please consult the “What is the OSCE?” factsheet. OSCE participating State on a rotating basis for a period of four months. The Vienna Document The Vienna Document on The Vienna Document in practice

Confidence- and Security- Under the Document’s provisions, States are required, among other things, to: Building Measures (CSBMs) is a landmark and politically- Transparency

binding document that promotes Provide each other with information about their military forces annually, predictability and military stability including on manpower and major conventional weapon and among OSCE participating equipment systems, as well as defence plans and budgets. States through transparency Notify each other ahead of and verification measures. time about major military activities such as exercises.

Since its inception in 1990, a Europe that was in the Vienna Document has transition and were used Verification been a key component by the participating States of the interlocking and to redefine their security Accept up to three inspections mutually reinforcing web relations on the basis of trust. per year and one visit to evaluate of arms control obligations the provided military data. Some and commitments that A new relevance sensitive areas are excluded. have lowered the risk of a major conflict in Europe. The Vienna Document is Invite other States to observe a ‘living document’ that is certain military activities. The Vienna Document’s adapted by the participating CSBMs help States to States to meet their evolving understand each other’s security needs. It has Co-operation intentions in the military been revised periodically sphere, an area which would and its current version Consult and co-operate in otherwise be a heavily was adopted in 2011. case of unusual military activity guarded national secret. or increasing tensions. With today’s security Origins environment in Europe characterized by a The earliest CSBMs were breakdown of trust between established by the Helsinki states and growing concern Final Act in 1975 in the about the increasing Connecting States: context of the East-West frequency of military The Communications Network divide. Their purpose exercises and activities, was to prevent a surprise the Vienna Document has The Communications Network is a computer-based attack and reduce the found a new relevance. system set up by the FSC through which the participating risk of conflict sparked States can transmit their treaty and agreement by misunderstandings Discussions on how it could notifications in a secure and reliable manner. or miscalculations. be better implemented and modernized to reduce risks The Network processes some 350,000 arms control- With the end of the Cold and meet the requirements related notifications per year. War, the CSBMs aimed of technological change at ensuring stability in are underway in the FSC. The Code of Conduct The OSCE Code of Conduct a new normative framework in security forces, the for the use of military power OSCE participating States on Politico-Military Aspects of in a post-Cold War Europe. exchange information on their The Code also fosters the application of the Code’s Security is a rulebook for participating democratic governance over provisions annually. Some armed and security forces States also voluntarily provide States to (a) guide their inter- as an indispensable aspect information on private military of democratic societies. and security companies State relations, and (b) to increase and on the Women, Peace The Code guides relations and Security agenda. confidence in the armed and security between States, but also contains the commitment Women, Peace forces and ensure the protection to place their military and Security forces and internal security of their human rights by placing services under civilian and The FSC supports OSCE parliamentary oversight, participating States in them under democratic control. which was a significant implementing UN Security innovation. In addition, the Council Resolution Code includes provisions 1325 on Women, One of the main lessons jeopardize regional and under which States must Peace and Security by from the conflicts in Europe international security. protect the human rights sharing experiences in the early 1990s was that and fundamental freedoms and good practices in security forces operating In 1994, the FSC adopted of all its forces personnel. gender mainstreaming beyond the rule of law the Code of Conduct on the security sector. place civilian populations Politico-Military Aspects of To provide transparency at considerable risk, and Security, which introduced and reinforce confidence

The OSCE Scholarship OSCE field operations help for Peace and Security is to build the capacities of organized with the UN Office local authorities to clear for Disarmament Affairs to train areas of dangerous land young women interested in mines and to warn nearby careers in arms control, non- communities of the risks. proliferation and disarmament.

Under the Vienna Document, The FSC has spearheaded a State invites other efforts to rebuild confidence States to observe major and dialogue in the military military activities such as sphere in South-East Europe exercises. This contributes to after the end of the war in transparency and builds trust. Bosnia and Herzegovina. Combating illicit arms and ammunition The illicit use of small arms destruction of infrastructure Best practice guides and environmental disasters developed by the FSC help and light weapons (SALW) through accidental explosions. to implement the provisions of the documents and and unsecured stockpiles of In response to these risks, ensure that the same high the OSCE participating standards are introduced in conventional ammunition States adopted the OSCE all the participating States. Documents on Small To reach those standards (SCA) pose serious threats Arms and Light Weapons, States can request the and on Stockpiles of assistance of the FSC. to societies. The FSC works Conventional Ammunition. The scope of assistance to mitigate these risks. They stipulate norms, can range from the disposal principles and measures of surplus, obsolete and to regulate and manage confiscated small arms and The accumulation and security and intensifying the life cycle of SALW ammunition, and improving uncontrolled spread of small gender-based violence. and ammunition, the the safety of arms depots arms have contributed to production, transfer, storage, and storage facilities, to the intensity and duration Unsecured or poorly collection, and destruction training and exchange of the majority of recent managed stockpiles of of such weapons, and programmes. Ultimately, all armed conflicts. The illegal ammunition and hazardous to control their export. In participating States benefit possession, misuse and materials equally pose addition, the documents from such assistance trafficking of small arms risks of illicit use, especially provide for information because it improves the also jeopardize security in by terrorists and criminal exchange between States, safety and security of the peacetime by undermining the groups. In addition, they which contributes to OSCE area and beyond. rule of law, diminishing human can cause major casualties, confidence-building. Practical assistance on SALW and SCA The FSC assists OSCE surplus SALW and SCA, becomes open for donor physical security and contributions from States. participating States, upon stockpile management, and SALW collection States also have the option their request, with collecting programmes. to contribute funds to a ‘Repository programme’ for a and destroying SALW, helping Participating States review certain activity, country/region or the request and proceed both. It is similar to a trust fund, to improve legislation to with a needs assessment but with more flexibility and visit. The assessment report control on behalf of the donor. effectively control SALW, and determines the scope of It allows the possibility for long- the assistance needed and term contributions, therefore assisting in improving the provides recommendations saving time and improving cost for the project development efficiency for contributing States. management of conventional and further implementation. The OSCE practical assistance ammunition stockpiles. The assistance can be projects are managed, co- offered in the form of ordinated, implemented and financial, technical or expert evaluated by the FSC Support The OSCE has a proven and operation can submit official contributions provided by Section, and conducted on well-functioning mechanism for requests for OSCE assistance. the participating States the ground mostly through the providing assistance to States or donor organizations. OSCE field operations. The as established by the OSCE The scope of assistance OSCE annually implements documents on SALW and includes controlling the Every project proposal is between 10-20 SALW and SCA. Both OSCE participating cross-border trafficking of evaluated by the OSCE SCA projects in a number States and Partners for Co- SALW, the destruction of Secretariat, before it of participating States.

The OSCE has supported A new storage building was States such as Ukraine built in Tajikistan as part of in safely removing hundreds the OSCE’s support to the of tonnes of toxic rocket country in helping it to properly propellant components from secure surplus stockpiles of their territories. ammunition.

Surplus, obsolete and Field operations like the OSCE confiscated small arms and light Mission to Skopje train law weapons were melted down enforcement officers and work and destroyed in Moldova as to enhance their technical part of an OSCE project. means to prevent the illicit trafficking of weapons. Non-proliferation The OSCE participating States Concerns about terrorists and basis of needs assessments criminal organizations laying and consultations among have committed to support their hands on nuclear, chemical the many actors — from and biological weapons led ministries to the industry — international regimes of non- in 2004 to the adoption of who have responsibilities Resolution 1540 on the non- in helping to achieve non- proliferation of nuclear, proliferation of weapons of mass proliferation. Technical destruction to non-State actors. assistance projects in this chemical and biological area often contribute to the Resolution 1540 requires protection of the environment, weapons. It is in this context all States to make sure that for example, by improving non-State actors cannot chemical safety and security. that the FSC assists with the develop or gain access to dangerous weaponry. It is The OSCE also supports implementation of UN Security universal in scope and its the revision of legislative application is mandatory. and regulatory frameworks. Council Resolution 1540. It facilitates peer reviews In the OSCE area, the FSC through which States can supports participating States see how others have enacted with the complex task of provisions of Resolution implementing the Resolution’s 1540 and learn from each more than 300 obligations. other’s practices.

A key aspect is supporting the development of National Action Plans to set priorities on the

The OSCE trains relevant Through simulations, the authorities on the safe OSCE facilitates the sharing of handling and management expertise on responding to and of chemicals that could be containing emergency situations misused as potential ingredients that involve dangerous for chemical weapons. chemical substances.

Follow OSCE For more information OSCE Secretariat about the OSCE Conflict Prevention Centre Forum for Security FSC Support Section Co-operation, Wallnerstrasse 6 visit the website: 1010 Vienna, Austria osce.org/fsc Tel: +43 1 514 36 6000 fsc.support@osce.org

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

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