Response by the Delegation of Greece to the Questionnaire on the Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects of Security

The OSCE Secretariat bears no responsibility for the content of this document FSC.EMI/33/25 and circulates it without altering its content. The distribution by OSCE 10 April 2025 Conference Services of this document is without prejudice to OSCE decisions, as set out in documents agreed by OSCE participating States. ENGLISH only  GREECE

INFORMATION EXCHANGE ON THE CODE OF CONDUCT ON POLITICO-MILITARY ASPECTS OF SECURITY

SECTION I: INTER-STATE ELEMENT

1. ACCOUNT OF MEASURES TO PREVENT AND COMBAT TERRORISM. 1.1 To which agreements and arrangements (universal, regional, sub-regional and bilateral) related to preventing and combating terrorism is your State a party? In order to prevent and suppress terrorism, Greece follows the procedures determined by the EU Strategy on the fight against terrorism and acts within the framework of the decisions taken by the EU Council of JHA Ministers. Greece also participates and cooperates on fighting terrorism with the U.N., INTERPOL, EUROPOL, SIRENE, SELEC (Southeast European Law Enforcement Center), SEECP (South Eastern Cooperation Process), BSEC (Black Sea Economic Cooperation) and the Adriatic-Ionian Initiative. Furthermore, Greece has concluded bilateral Police Cooperation Agreements with 26 countries and participates in two tripartite Conventions and four multilateral Treaties, as shown in the table attached (indicator 1 of this document). On 03/06/2016, the Hellenic Police Chief signed along with the Executive Director of EUROPOL a National Operational Plan, the main operational objective of which is to collect, assess, analyze and manage information related to organized illegal immigration networks, as well as to implement secondary security controls, by EUROPOL personnel. Within this framework and in cooperation with the Greek Authorities, EUROPOL officers offer their services at 5 Eastern Aegean islands (“hotspots” in the islands of Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Kos and Leros) and at Evros region in order to detect among migrants/refugees entering Greece, any persons who might be related to extremist activities.

1.2 What national legislation has been adopted in your State to implement the above-mentioned agreements and arrangements?

Implementation of the above Agreements is done through ratification laws adopted by the Hellenic Parliament (e.g. the South Eastern Cooperation lnitiative 2865/2000 Act, BSEC-2925/2001 Act), while further arrangements and enforcement protocols enter into force through Presidential Decrees, as provided by the relevant ratification laws.

Among the acts adopted we single out the following:

- The European Arrest Warrant. - The ratification and implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, the three Protocols thereto and relevant provisions. - The transposition into Greek Legislation of the EU Directive 2015/849 on the prevention and suppression of money laundering from criminal activities and terrorism financing. - The transposition into Greek Legislation of the EU Directive 2017/541 on Combating Terrorism.

1 - The transposition into Greek legislation of Directive (EU) 2018/1673 of the European Parliament and of the Council, dated 23 Oct 2018, on combating money laundering by criminal law. - The transposition into Greek Legislation of the Directive (EU) 2019/1153 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on laying down rules facilitating the use of financial and other information for the prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of certain criminal offences, and repealing Council Decision 2000/642/JHA.

1.3 What are the roles and missions of military, paramilitary and security forces and the police in preventing and combating terrorism in your State?

Hellenic Armed Forces

The Hellenic Armed Forces do not have counter terrorism powers or jurisdiction. National legislation reserves the role of countering terrorism to the Hellenic Police and the internal security forces. Any relevant information gathered by the Armed Forces is duly forwarded to the National Intelligence Agency (EYP in Greek). EYP reports directly to the Prime Minister. Furthermore, the Armed Forces may participate in a counter terrorism mission outside Greek territory, following a decision by the Government’s Council for National Security (GCFNS) e.g. when participating in multinational operations mandated by the UN or other International Organizations.

Hellenic Police

The Hellenic Police counters terrorism, on the basis of the UN Global Counter- Terrorism Strategy, the EU Counter-Terrorism Strategy and the Revised EU Strategy for Combating Radicalization and Recruitment to Terrorism.

The Hellenic Police Headquarters have developed a central crime-prevention program, defining the priorities and objectives of the Hellenic Police. Among those are counterterrorism, combating radicalization and recruitment to terrorism, addressing issues of racist violence, and controlling legal and illegal trade of firearms, ammunition and explosives.

The Hellenic Police Headquarters have taken measures to raise awareness of the front-line Police Officers, in order for them to identify suspicious movements of persons from and to Greece, as well as within the Greek territory. Police personnel, and especially front line Police Officers, undergo ongoing training on radicalization leading to violent extremism and terrorism with a view to identify suspect persons and activities.

Regularly updated “Risk Indicators” have been set and are being taken into account during controls carried out by the European Commission, FRONTEX and of course the Hellenic Police with regard to suspects. Persons or groups of persons meeting some of the Indicators are checked further.

In addition, the Hellenic Police, being in charge of border controls and with a view to combat the issue of “foreign fighters”, runs border checks in accordance to article 8 of Regulation no. 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code), as amended by Regulation no. 2017/458. At the same time, they carry out comprehensive controls of: i) National and European Databases, ii) the Interpol Database, iii) travel documents. iv) third-country nationals and v) EU nationals.

2  1.4 Provide any additional relevant information on national efforts to prevent and combat terrorism, e.g, those pertaining inter alia to:

- Financing of terrorism.

- Border controls.

- Travel document security.

- Container and supply chain security

- Security of radioactive sources.

- Use of the internet and other information networks for terrorist purposes

- Legal co-operation including extradition.

- Safe havens and shelter to terrorists and terrorist organizations.

Financing of terrorism

One of the main priorities of the Hellenic Police, with regard to countering the financing of terrorism is to collect information and carry out investigations in cooperation with the Hellenic Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AML Authority), which includes the Hellenic Financial Intelligence Unit (Hellenic FIU).

A. The AML Authority (according to the AML Law 4557/2018, as currently in force) consists of three (3) Units (1. Unit A - Financial Intelligence Unit, 2. Unit B - Financial Sanctions Unit and 3. Unit C - Source of Funds Investigation Unit).

The mission of Unit A includes the reception, investigation, analysis, assessment and correlation of the suspicious transactions/activities reports (STRs/SARs) submitted by the obliged legal and natural persons and authorities (according to the abovementioned AML Law), on transactions, activities and persons which raise concerns about possible money laundering and terrorist financing. The Unit is also responsible to impose assets freezing in the context of money laundering and terrorist financing.

According to the aforementioned AML Law, Unit B implements the restrictive measure of assets freezing, imposed by the UN Security Council Decisions and the EU Regulations and Decisions. The Unit is also responsible for the designation of natural or legal persons or entities as related to terrorism (in the context of art. 187 A & B of the Penal Code) and for the freezing of their assets. More specifically, the Unit designates natural or legal persons or entities when these persons reside, are based, or hold or control assets in Greece, and have committed or are committing or attempt to commit terrorist acts, participate or, in any way, facilitate the commitment of such acts, according to accurate information or evidence submitted by competent authorities. In this regard, Unit B compiles the list of designated natural and legal persons or entities related to terrorism, accompanied by sufficient supplementary identification data.

3  B. To be noted is also the recent amendment of article 187B of the Penal Code on the definition of financing of terrorism, which has been expanded providing for the following:

“Whoever provides any kind of assets, tangible or intangible, movable or immovable or any kind of financial instruments, regardless of their mode of acquisition, to a terrorist organization or an individual terrorist or for setting up a terrorist organization or for someone to become a terrorist or whoever receives, collects or manages any such assets or instruments with reference to the above, irrespective of the commission of any of the offences referred to in paragraph 1, shall be punished with incarceration of up to ten years. With the same penalty is also punished whoever provides substantial information, with knowledge of such information being used in the future, to facilitate or support the commission by a terrorist organization or an individual terrorist of any of the felonies referred to in par. 1”

The important element of the above legal provision is that punishable behavior is not only financing, by any means, of a terrorist organization or of an individual terrorist (defined as such) but also providing any kind of assets in order for “someone to become a terrorist”. In this way, the provision includes: a) Provoking (even when not publicly) the commission of a terrorist act, b) recruiting terrorists, c) training terrorists, d)entrapping, manipulating someone, beyond his knowledge, in order to become a terrorist. The behaviors mentioned above, under a), b) and c) are included in the Decision-Framework 2008/919/JHA and in the Warsaw Treaty of 2005.

Through the law’s amendment we achieve: a) preventing the financing of terrorism, b) making financing punishable independently from the commission of a terrorist act, c) allowing jurisdiction for the prosecution of a crime of financing of terrorism independently of the country in which the crime takes place.

C. In the context of the E.U., the Hellenic Police has developed direct operation with EUROPOL, through its National Unit, both for exchanging information and for conducting investigations. Also, it develops cooperation with EU Member States in the context of the relevant Action Plan for the fight against financing of terrorism. Furthermore, the Hellenic Police participates in Police Missions of the E.U. in the Western Balkans (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo*) and regularly attend international meetings where different projects are carried out, related to international terrorism and organized crime.

D. The Hellenic Police implements the relevant Resolutions of the UN Security Council (1267/1999, 1333/2000, 1373/2001, 1930/2002, 1526/2004), by putting into force and applying measures against persons, groups or entities. National Legislation has taken into account the UNSC Resolution 1373/2001, as well as the International Convention on suppression of financing of terrorism, and the Directive 2001/97 E.G. of the European Parliament and the EU Council, for the prevention of the use of the financial system for the legitimation of proceeds coming from criminal activities.

1 this designation is without prejudice to position on status and is in line with UNSC Resolution 1244/1999 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.

4  E. Under its German Presidency (2020-2022), the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) made it one if its priorities to update the understanding of risks derived from money laundering and terrorist financing (ML/TF)when associated with migrant smuggling. Experts from Greece and Mexico co-led this project with the support of the FATF Secretariat. The key objective is to strengthen and update the understanding of ML/TF risks arising from migrant smuggling at a global level. The target audience is both competent authorities (in particular financial investigators and experts responsible for assessing and monitoring national ML and TF risks) and the private sector. Ultimately, this project should help countries and the private sector to align their national and institutional controls and strategies through an enhanced understanding of ML/TF risks. These objectives were pursued through three methods:  by providing an overview of migrant smuggling routes and flows, and the structure of migrant smuggling organisations and networks.  by analysing case studies and responses of the countries to a questionnaire, drawing insights on ML/TF risks, investigations, and international cooperation.  by identifying good practices for countries to consider. The report of this project was adopted during the FATF Plenary (March 2022).

Border Controls The Hellenic Police, being the competent national service for border controls, takes concrete actions aiming at the prevention of legal or illegal entry of persons who may be connected to terrorism. In particular, important efforts are being made, both at the entry and exit from Greece, for: - Identifying travel documents, registered in the database of the Schengen Information System (S.I.S.) - Identifying travel documents registered in the national database and which may relate, in any manner, to terrorist activities - Further examining and investigating for forged travel documents identified during entry control. As far as the national legislation on border controls is concerned, the Hellenic Police applies the “Code on Migration and Social Integration” (Law 4251/2014). In relation to the effective treatment of the issue of “foreign fighters”, the following measures have been taken: The Hellenic Police implements the Regulation 2016/399 “Schengen Borders Code”, as amended by Regulation 2017/458, according to which systematic checks are applied, based on relevant national and European databases, to all persons (enjoying the right of free movement and third country nationals) crossing authorized border crossing points.

Travel documents’ security Under Act 3103/2003, the supervision and control of passport issuance was assigned to the Hellenic Police, which set up a special Service in charge of the following: - Implementation of relevant international standards: In setting the Passports Division, the Council Regulation (EC) No. 2252/2004 on standards for security features and biometrics in passports and travel documents and the guidance in ICAO’s Doc 9303 were adopted. - Changes to the institutional framework: The duration of validity of Greek Passports issued after 1st September 2022 to adults and minors over 14 years of age, is modified from five (5) to ten (10) years. - Introduction of passports with biometric technology whose printing started on 26- 8-2006.

5  - Participation in the ICAO Public Key Directory: Greece does not participate in the Public Key Directory of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO PKD), but it shall examine the possibility of such participation in the future. - Reporting of lost and stolen travel documents to the relevant INTERPOL database (SLTD): The entry of lost /stolen passports data is carried out automatically by the time it is reported to the competent police authority. There is no need of further action by the NCB staff. - Vigilance and transmission of information on detected counterfeit travel documents to the National Authorities: The Passports Division of the Hellenic Police provides immediately, through the International Police Cooperation Division, all necessary information on the legality/authenticity of passports in circulation. - Vigilance and cooperation with relevant trade bodies (private airports, etc.): The Passports Division of the Hellenic Police directly provides, when requested, all necessary information regarding the authenticity of passports in circulation. - International cooperation/ technical assistance activities: The Passports Division of the Hellenic Police participates with its representatives in various EU working groups specialized in the study and elaboration of technical specifications for travel documents. Following the adoption of new standards and biometric features in the issuance of Greek passports, Greece was admitted in the US Visa Waiver Program.

Containers and supply chain security In cooperation with Customs and the Port Police, joint operations are conducted aiming at identifying activities or items which may be related to terrorism. Similar operations are held in cooperation with EU Member States and EU agencies (e.g. EUROPOL).

Security of radioactive sources Illegal trafficking of radioactive sources is defined as an offence by national legislation. The competent agency for controlling the acquisition, disposal and management of radioactive sources is the Hellenic Atomic Energy Committee (HAEC). The HAEC uses technology to detect radiation as in the form of portable detectors at major transit points (International airport of Athens, Port of Piraeus (commercial and passenger terminal), land borders, coastline, e.t.c.). The HAEC helps national authorities which are responsible in the operational field, to deal with incidents with radioactive material (e.g. Fire Brigade).

Use of Internet and other Information networks for terrorist purposes The Hellenic Police follows relevant activities and is systematically informed within the EU and other international organizations (e.g, OSCE) about recent developments and international best practices. Since 2006, a Special Office exists at the National Counter-Terrorism Service. Its duty is to monitor Internet in terms of terrorist propaganda and recruitment. For the same purpose and in the context of the European project “Check the Web”, the said Office cooperates with EUROPOL and its participating countries. No case of misuse of Internet for terrorist purposes has been detected so far. On 01.07.2016 the EU Internet Referral Unit (I.R.U.) became operational. IRU is a part of the European Counter Terrorism Centre (ETCE) and, up to date, 25 national IRU contact points have been established. It focuses on the social networking media and their use for propaganda and promoting extreme ideologies. A national IRU contact point has been designated by the Special Violence Crimes Management Division of the Hellenic Police, while the possibility to create and operate an IRU national office remains under consideration.

6  Legal co-operation including extradition In 1961, the 1957 European Convention on Extradition was incorporated into national legislation. Since that day, the Convention applies, as amended by the Dublin Convention of 1996. In addition, Greece has signed transnational agreements (see ques. 1.1) that cover extradition. In case such a matter arises with a country Greece has not concluded such an agreement, the extradition will be carried out on the basis of reciprocity, according to international law.

Safe havens and shelter to terrorists and terrorist organizations Greece applies international law and relevant Resolutions of the U.N. Security Council when imposing sanctions. At the same time, as an EU Member State, Greece participates in the “Working Group on Implementation of the Common Position 2001/931/CP on special measures for the fight against terrorism”. In accordance with national and EU law, all necessary procedures are being implemented during entry of aliens in the country and strict security controls are being conducted before issuing a Greek residence permit.

Prevention of the violent extremism and radicalization that leads to terrorism. A. At the level of the Ministry of Interior/Citizens Protection Sector, a draft of the “National Strategy to tackle terrorism and violent extremism” has been drafted on the basis of the revised European counter-terrorism strategy. After having been approved by the leadership, it will enter into consultation with the competent Ministries (Ministries of Interior, Justice, Foreign Affairs, Education, Religious Affairs and Sports, Infrastructure and Transport, Finance, Digital Governance, Migration and Asylum, Maritime Affairs and Insular Policy). It consists of four strategic objectives: - Prevention (identifying and fighting the root causes and factors leading to violent radicalization and recruitment to terrorism) - Protection (protection of citizens and infrastructures by reducing vulnerability to terrorist and extremist actions) - Detection (Detecting those involved in terrorist activity, dismantling terrorist networks and bringing offenders to justice). - Reaction (effective, immediate and organized response to a terrorist or extremist attack). Each strategic objective includes specific actions to enforce the objective and proposals for their implementation and execution. Our intention is, on the one hand, to raise awareness among citizens about what constitutes a threat and how the State plans to protect them. On the other hand, we intend to bring together the existing actions of the competent Ministries in a comprehensive action plan and then coordinate cooperation also with the private sector, local communities, civil society and citizens.

B Being an EU member-state, Greece actively participates in EU initiatives for fighting terrorism, violent extremism and radicalization. Within this framework, a major step for preventing radicalization at EU level has been the establishment of the Steering Board whose main task is to advise the European Commission in relation to priority strategies in the field of preventing radicalization, as arising from the needs and priorities of Member States. The Steering Board consists of high level representatives from all member-states, the Counter Terrorism Coordinator (CTC) and the European External Action Service. The Steering

7 Board is supported by a Task Force, joined by European Commission personnel, as well as by volunteers-seconded national experts from the member-states. In view of the above, the Hellenic Police is in close collaboration with all authorities involved in combating radicalisation.

C. In July 2020, Greece established a Division on the prevention of violence in the Ministry of Citizens’ Protection. The Department is responsible, among other things, for planning the national strategy for preventing different kinds of violence (such as radicalization leading to violent extremism), for giving guidance, for monitoring and coordinating competent departments and national agencies, in order to ensure the right implementation of policies as well as the inter-operability of these authorities.

D. Furthermore, in October 2020, an Office for supporting victims of terrorism was founded. Its mission is to provide support to the families of victims as well as to interconnect with the relevant offices of the EU and of other international organizations.

2. STATIONING OF ARMED FORCES ON FOREIGN TERRITORY. 2.1 Provide information on stationing of your States armed forces on the territory of other participating States in accordance with freely negotiated agreements as well as in accordance with international law.

Hellenic Armed Forces The Government Council for National Security (GCFNS) decides the assignment of national forces, including the stationing of armed forces, in other countries as a result of international commitments. The Hellenic Armed Forces may participate in multinational operations, missions and activities under the auspices of UN or OSCE, in NATO or NATO/led operations based either on Article 5 of Washington Treaty (collective self-Defense) or not (crisis management), provided that UNSC mandate exists, in EU or EU/led operations, in operations based on security initiatives as well as in operations for the provision of military assistance to third countries, as a result of bilateral agreements. The Minister of National Defence implements the military aspects of Government’s policy with regard to international organizations and the Government’s decisions concerning the participation of the Hellenic Forces in exercises conducted in the context of the Alliance or other intra-state agreements. The status of the personnel of the Hellenic Armed Forces stationed abroad is determined, as regards their general duties in terms of international law, by the UN Charter and by the specific legal basis of the Mission, in which they participate, as established by the corresponding UNSC resolutions, NATO or EU decisions, or other international agreements or mandates of International Organizations. Greece has signed the Agreement between the Parties to the North Atlantic Treaty regarding the Status of their Forces (NATO SOFA, done in London on June 19, 1951), the Agreement between NATO and PfP countries regarding the status of their Forces (PfP SOFA, signed in Brussels on June 19, 1995) as well as the agreement between the EU Member States concerning the status of their Military and Civilian Staff (EU SOFA, signed in Brussels on November 17,2003).

The Hellenic Army (HA) currently participates with Military Units or Staff Officers in the below-mentioned Operations – Missions:

8 a. Kosovo Force (KFOR) (NATO), in Kosovo. b. European Union Force (EUFOR) “ALTHEA” (EU), in Bosnia – Herzegovina. c. NATO Mission in Iraq (NMI) (NATO). d. European Union Training Mission (EUTM) in SOMALIA (EU). e. European Union Military Assistant Mission (EUMAM) UKRAINE, in Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) (Brussels), Combined Arms Training Command (Germany) and Special Training Command, (Poland). f. NATO Enhanced Vigilance Activity, (eVA) Battle Group (BG) in Bulgaria. g. NATO Operation SEA GUARDIAN, operating in the Mediterranean. h. European Union Military Assistant Mission (EUMAM) MOZAMBIQUE. i. European Union maritime security operation to safeguard freedom of navigation in relation to the Red Sea crisis EUNAVFOR ASPIDES, with staff Officers for OHQ.

The Hellenic Navy (HN) currently participates with Naval Units or Staff Officers in the following Operations/Missions:

a. STANDING NAVAL FORCES (SNF), Standing NATO Maritime Group 2 (SNMG-2) and Standing NATO Mine Countermeasures Group (SNMCMG-2), operating in the Mediterranean, in the framework of NATO Response Force, with Naval Assets and Staff Officers. b. NATO Operation SEA GUARDIAN, operating in the Mediterranean, with Naval Units air assets and Staff Officers. c. United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) Maritime Task Force (MTF), with Naval Units operating in the eastern Mediterranean and one Staff Officer at the Headquarters (HQ) in Naqoura/Lebanon (NAQOURA). d. European Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR) ATALANTA, with one staff Officer at the Operational Headquarters (OHQ) in Rota, Spain and one Frigate in Associated Support during her participation in Operation “ASPIDES”. e. European Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR) MED IRINI, operating in the Southern- Central Mediterranean, with Staff Officers at Operational Headquarters (OHQ) (Rome, Italy), FHQ (at sea) and Naval Units. f. ΝΑΤΟ Operation “NOBLE SHIELD”, with Naval Units operation in the Eastern Mediterranean. g. European Union maritime security operation to safeguard freedom of navigation in relation to the Red Sea crisis EUNAVFOR ASPIDES, providing the OHQ in Larissa, a Frigate and Staff Officers for OHQ - FHQ. h. NATO Activity TO ASSIST WITH THE REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CRISIS IN THE AEGEAN SEA (AEGEAN ACTIVITY), with naval assets. i. NATO ASSURANCE MEASURES (AM) and TAILORED ASSURANCE MEASURES FOR TUR (TAMΤ), through the participation in SNFs and OSG.

The Hellenic Air Force (HAF) currently participates with Military Units or Staff Officers in the below-mentioned Operations – Missions:

ΝΑΤΟ Mission in IRAQ (NMI) / Base Support Group Coordination, with one (1) Staff Assistant.

Hellenic Police The Hellenic Police officers when seconded to peace-keeping missions in the EU context (LEX-EU), with non-military resources, are properly trained in advance on a series of

9 matters, such as prevention, in order to better perform their duties in the context of their mission.

3. IMPLEMENTATION OF OTHER INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS RELATED TO THE CODE OF CONDUCT.

3.1 Provide information on how your State ensures that commitments in the field of arms control, disarmament and confidence-and security-building as an element of indivisible security are implemented in good faith.

Hellenic Armed Forces Greece fully implements the terms and obligations that derive from arms control international agreements, such as the Vienna Document and the Open Skies Treaty. In this framework, Greece carries out annually a number of inspection and evaluation missions on other States’ territories and provides the foreseen military information to all OSCE participating States. In addition to the above, Greece receives inspection and evaluation missions and meets its commitments as agreed.

Hellenic Police The Hellenic Police is also committed to its obligations stemming from bilateral cooperation agreements with neighboring countries and from Greece’s participation in international and regional Organizations. In this context, the Hellenic Police carries out systematic controls on persons and transport means entering Greece via authorized entry points (land and sea), investigates in depth cases at hand in order to identify and disband networks. The Hellenic Police cracks down on illegal activities in areas presenting intense problems of trafficking, possession and use of weapons in cooperation with local authorities.

3.2 Provide information on how your State pursues arms control, disarmament and confidence-and security-building measures with a view to enhancing security and stability in the OSCE area.

Hellenic Armed Forces Greece contributes to the enforcement of stability, security and cooperation among the participating States of OSCE aiming to eliminate tensions in troubled areas.

Greece, as a participating State to the OSCE, attributes a special importance to the role that OSCE is called to play in the international security environment, participating to the majority of its initiatives with a view to enhancing its role and utilizing the Organization’s tools for crisis prevention and management.

In order to promote and ensure confidence and security in the OSCE area, Greece steadily implements a number of confidence- and security-building measures in matters of arms control.

Hellenic Police The Hellenic Police has successfully intensified efforts to confiscate illegally possessed fire-arms and to better control illegal and legal trafficking of weapons at all stages. Τo this

10 end, a database has been set up for reliable, timely exchange of information and detection of weapons. In addition, Greece has fully harmonized its legislation on weapons in full accordance with the European acquis, in order to better respond to modern forms of crime. All competent enforcement authorities in Greece coordinate with each other and with respective authorities of third countries from which weapons are imported or transferred, in order to prevent and suppress cases of illegal trafficking.

SECTION II: INTRA-STATE ELEMENTS

1. NATIONAL PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

1.1 What is the national planning and decision-making process in deter- mining/approving military posture and defense expenditures in your State? The Government determines the national defence policy and commands the Armed Forces through the Minister of National Defence, who performs his/her duties in accordance with the relevant decisions taken by the Government Council for National Security (GCFNS). The GCFNS is a decision-making Governmental Body dealing with security affairs. It formulates defence policy, approves long-term programming of defence capabilities (including major procurement programs of the Armed Forces) and evaluates crisis situations. It is chaired by the Prime Minister. Its members include the Ministers of Foreign Affairs, National Defence, National Economy, the Chief of the Hellenic National Defence General Staff (HNDGS) and other Ministers, depending on the issue under discussion. The Ministry of National Defence, under whose purview are the Greek Armed Forces, implements the national defence strategy based on the defence policy set out by the GCFNS. The Parliament legislates for defence issues and exercises parliamentary control over the Government, regarding defence policy. The Greek Armed Forces carry out, on an annual basis, a 15-year long term and a 3- year medium term, defence procurement plan. The Defence Budget is part of the overall State budget and is approved on an annual basis by the Hellenic Parliament.

1.2 How does your State ensure that its military capabilities take into account the legitimate security concerns of other States as well as the need to contribute to international security and stability? The Constitution of Greece stipulates in its Article 2, that: 1. Respect and protection of the value of the human being constitute the primary obligations of the State. 2. Greece, adhering to the generally recognized rules of international law, pursues the strengthening of peace and justice and the fostering of friendly relations between peoples and States.

Greece undertakes the general obligations arising from the UN Charter and from its participation in other international security organizations concerning the taking of collective measures for the preservation of international peace and security, among which is the use of military forces. The legal status of a UN force in a country arises from articles 104 and 105 of the UN Charter, which provide legal coverage, immunity and the required privileges for the mission’s execution.

11  In case the country’s forces are called to take part in a multinational operation, governed by agreements whose provisions contravene the Greek legislation or whose rules of engagement include provisions contravening the said legislation, then, in order for these texts to be applied by Greece, they will have to be ratified by law through the Hellenic Parliament or else national reservations are raised with regard to the specific provisions.

2. EXISTING STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES. 2.1 What are the constitutionally established procedures for ensuring democratic political control of military, paramilitary and internal security forces, intelligence services and the police? The Greek Armed Forces are at all times subject to democratic control. The Government is accountable to the Hellenic Parliament for the country’s defence and responsible for the administration and control it exercises over the Armed Forces. The GCFNS, not only formulates the defence policy but also appoints the Chiefs of Staff and makes decisions on all important foreign and defence matters. The Minister of National Defence makes recommendations to the GCFNS and implements the latter’s decisions. The Hellenic Parliament is entitled to have access to information and receive clarifications on every action taken by the Government on defence. It exercises parliamentary control (exercise of ‘’the right to know’’) through the Standing Parliamentary Committee on National Defence and Foreign Affairs. The internal security forces are subject to the same civilian control procedures as the Armed Forces. The Government appoints the Heads of the internal security forces. Their functions are determined in detail by law. The National Intelligence Service of Greece (GRC NIS or “EYP” in greek) is under the authority of the Greek Prime Minister to whom it is directly accountable. The Hellenic Police and the Fire Brigade operate under the Ministry of Citizens’ Protection and the Coast Guard under the Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Insular Policy.

2.2 How is the fulfillment of these procedures ensured and which constitutionally established authorities/institutions are responsible for exercising these procedures?

Hellenic Armed Forces Ensuring the application of the constitutional principles and the existing legal framework falls within the jurisdiction of the competent courts. Additionally, the Hellenic Parliament exercises parliamentary control through the Standing Parliamentary Committee on National Defence and Foreign Affairs, being, among others, entitled to information and detailed accounts on every action taken by the Government on defence issues. Apart from the abovementioned authorities, there is no constitutionally established independent authority with such role.

Hellenic Police Ιn observance of their mandate, the Hellenic Police Services operate under the authority of the investigating prosecution officer. According to article 254 A of the Greek Code of Penal Procedure, performance of specific investigative acts described therein (such as lifting the confidentiality in telecommunications, surveillance, infiltration, correlation of personal data) takes place, when investigating specific offences, only upon orders of a prosecution officer and a judicial council’s ruling.

12  As regards specifically the issue of lifting confidentiality in telecommunications, the compliance with the relevant procedures by the authorities is monitored by the Hellenic Authority for Communications’ Security and Privacy (ADAE).

2.3 What are the roles and missions of military, paramilitary and security forces, and how does your State control that such forces act solely within the constitutional framework? The concept of National Defence includes a number of functions and activities developed and monitored by the State in order to ensure the territorial integrity, the national independence and the sovereignty of the Greek State. The detailed role and the missions of the Armed Forces are elaborated in the law (Parliament act No 2292/1995 «On the Organization and Function of the Ministry of National Defence and the Command and Control of the Armed Forces as amended by Parliament act No 3883/2010») and they are particularized accordingly by the Military Regulations of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. The security forces aim at the maintenance of internal stability in the country and the protection of the security and life of Greek and foreign citizens in Greek territory. Their mission is determined in detail by the legislation passed by the Parliament.

3. PROCEDURES RELATED TO DIFFERENT FORCES PERSONNEL. 3.1 What kind of procedures for recruitment and call-up of personnel for service in your military, paramilitary and internal security forces does your State have?

Hellenic Armed Forces The Constitution of Greece stipulates (art. 4, para. 6) that “Every Greek capable of bearing arms is obliged to contribute to the defence of Fatherland as provided by law”. All Greek men aged 18 years old and above are subject to military conscription on a compulsory basis, in accordance with the rules set out in the “Military Conscription Act”. The rules of recruiting women in times of general mobilization or war are set out in a different Parliament Act. Military service deferment is granted to conscripts who are entitled to it; they join the Armed Forces once the deferral period is concluded. Selection of personnel for service in the internal security forces is made on the basis of these forces’ specific duties. Services at the security forces is recompensed by salary. Commissioned and Non Commissioned Officers join the army either through the Military Academy and the Non Commissioned Officers’ School or through exams, following the procedures set out by law.

Hellenic Police The Hellenic Police Force is staffed by graduates of Police Schools, by special task police personnel, by special guards and by border guards.

In particular:

1. According to the provisions of Article 1, paragraph 1 of Law 2226/1994 [Government Gazette of the Hellenic Republic, Issue A', No. 122 (GG A'-122)], admission to the Hellenic Police Academy Schools (Hellenic Police Lieutenant School and Hellenic Police Constable School) takes place through the nationwide (Pan-Hellenic) Examinations conducted by the Ministry of Education, Religious Affairs and Sports, in compliance with the relevant provisions regulating the admission of students to tertiary education, under the responsibility of the Ministry of Education, Religious Affairs and Sports.

13 2. Furthermore, according to the provisions of Article 27, paragraph 1 of Law 1481/1984 in conjunction with Presidential Decree 88/2002, male and female Greek nationals who have not exceeded 26 years of age on the 31st December of the year of publication of the recruitment notice are eligible to take part in the examinations for admission to the Hellenic Police as Cadet Constables or Cadet Lieutenants. In addition to other qualifications, including physical fitness and suitability, the candidates’ minimum height (without shoes) must be 170 cm for male candidates and 163 cm for female candidates, as stipulated in Article 73 of Law 4873/2021 (GG A’-248/16-12-2021). The latter is a mandatory and binding provision on public administration.

3. Moreover, the Hellenic Police recruit Special Guards [as explicitly provided for in Article 9 of Law 2734/1999 and Ministerial Decision 7002/12/1-κστ’ of 22.07.2019 (GG B’-3010)], as well as Border Guards and Fixed-Term Border Guards [in accordance with Law 2622/1998, Article 17 of Law 4647/2019 (GG A ΄-204) and Decision 6000/14/17-γ΄ (GG B΄- 4937/31.12.2019) by the Minister and the Deputy Minister of Citizen Protection] through a point-system of objective criteria. The eligible candidates for these positions must be Greek nationals (male and female) who have not exceeded 28 years of age, have fulfilled their military obligations (for the male candidates), have a minimum height of 170 cm and 163 cm without shoes (for male and female candidates respectively), be physically fit and suitable for recruitment, be graduates of General Senior High School or Technical Vocational School (Cycle B) or Vocational Senior High School, have no criminal convictions and satisfy all other eligibility criteria set out in the relevant recruitment notice.

For the calculation of the candidates’ age, the 31st December of their year of birth is considered to be their date of birth.

4. In addition to the aforementioned legal provisions regulating the admission of private individuals to the Hellenic Police, private individuals (male and female) may be recruited as Special Duty Police Officers, through a point-system of objective criteria, to vacant permanent positions of various categories and specialties. In accordance with the provisions of Presidential Decree 373/2002 on "Origin, qualifications, recruitment, transfer and promotion of Hellenic Police special duty police personnel", as applicable and in force, the candidates must be Greek nationals, not exceed 45 years of age (for medical doctors) and 36 years of age (for all other specialties) on the 31st of December of the year of publication of the recruitment notice. Although the height requirement does not apply to this special personnel category, Presiden al Decree 4/1995 (GG A΄-1) provides that they must be healthy and physically fit (their physical fitness is ascertained by the relevant competent Health Committee), as well as mentally and emotionally fit to perform their duties.

5. There are no special quotas for the admission of women to the Hellenic Police.

3.2 What kind of exemptions or alternatives to military service does your State have? Greece has enacted legislation providing the possibility for those who, for ideological or religious reasons, refuse to bear arms, to be recognized as conscientious objectors. Those who object to military service have to offer their civilian/social services in the public sector. Exemptions from military service are granted to specific categories of conscripts in accordance to the “Military Conscription Act”.

3.3 What are the legal and administrative procedures to protect the rights of all forces personnel as well as conscripts?

14  The rights of all military personnel, including those who serve time-limited, obligatory duty, are protected by the Constitution. Τhe Constitution, nevertheless, provides for certain exceptions to this rule, due to the fact that the legal status of the military is interrelated with its special mission: for example, military personnel does not have the right to strike, to express its support or lack of support towards a political party, stand as candidates in elections etc. With the exception of the cases above, all other civil, political and social rights are fully applicable to all categories of military personnel. All active members of the Armed Forces and the Coast Guard --irrespective of their rank, station, duties, etc-- come under the jurisdiction of the Military Judicial System, for any criminal offence they commit, be it an offence according to the ordinary Penal Code, the Military Penal Code or the general penal legislation (drug offences, weapons related offences, traffic offences, etc). A limited number of specifically described criminal offences are excluded (e.g. offences against police officers while on duty, criminal offences according to the legislation on elections, customs related crimes, etc). Civilians can never, under any circumstances whatsoever, be tried before a Military Court (to that end there is a specific Constitutional rule – except for conscription evaders, regarding the crime of conscription evasion). The legal status of the members of the Judicial Corps of the Armed Forces is dual, that of a judge and an officer at the same time. The Hellenic Judicial Corps of the Armed Forces is independent in its function and comes directly under the Minister of National Defence from an administrative perspective. The governing body of the Judicial Corps is the «Supreme Judicial Council of the Military Justice Corps». The high command of the Armed Forces is not allowed to interfere in any way whatsoever with the jurisdictional competences and administrative issues of the Judicial Corps of the Armed Forces.

4. IMPLEMENTATION OF OTHER POLITICAL NORMS, PRINCIPLES, DECISIONS AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW. 4.1 How does your State ensure that International Humanitarian Law and Law of War are made widely available, e.g, through military training programs and regulations? Respect for the individual and fair management of human workforce are being taught at every level of command during the career of an officer and non- commissioned officer. The above elements constitute the daily routine of the military personnel since the moment of the enlistment to the Hellenic Army. The human factor constitutes a force multiplier and the system’s backbone, not only during operations but also in the daily military life. Military values, military regulations, Military and Common Penal Code in concert with the required attributes and abilities of leadership, go hand in hand with the goal of creating the mentality that the protection of human rights constitutes one of the main and foremost aims of the Hellenic Army. Improvement of the personnel’s knowledge concerning human rights and the law of war is achieved through courses of International Law conducted by the Hellenic Army, Naval and Air Force Academies and by the Non Commissioned Officers Academies, as well as during the attendance at the Command and General Staff College, the Supreme Joint War College and the National Defence College, through lectures and seminars. Furthermore the training syllabus of the Hellenic Army’s Units includes educational lectures relevant to UN issues as well as issues of Humanitarian Law in general, aiming to keep the personnel up to date on these matters. A more analytical and detailed program is conducted as part of “training before deployment”, which is attended by personnel participating in the various missions abroad. The said training includes, among other things, subjects of Dealing with Violence Escalation

15 and Minimizing Collateral Damage (Analysis of the Law for Armed Conflict, National Rules of Engagement and corresponding caveats). Furthermore, the military and civilian personnel of the Army attends courses on human rights at the Multinational Peace Support Operation Training Centre (MPSOTC), such as: a. Children’s rights and method of approach by the UN forces, b. Treatment of women during an operation. Last but not least, the Legal Corps is a joint Corps that serves all three branches of the Hellenic Armed Forces under the Hellenic National Defence General Staff. Military legal advisers provide, through their expertise in international law, legal advice on the implementation of international humanitarian law. One of their main responsibilities is to advise military commanders on the application of the Law of Armed Conflict.

4.2 What has been done to ensure that armed forces personnel are aware of being individually accountable under national and international law for their actions? The personnel is properly informed through military regulations, directives – guidelines and orders, as well as through educational–training programs, courses, lectures and seminars.

4.3 How does your State ensure that armed forces are not used to limit the peaceful and lawful exercise of human and civil rights by persons as individuals or as representatives of groups nor to deprive them of national, religious, cultural, linguistic or ethnic identity? National, EU and International (as ratified by the Parliament) legislation against discrimination is fully applicable in the domain of the Armed Forces as well. Any member of the Armed Forces or any third party who finds their rights violated by acts of officials or services of the Armed Forces may file a complaint before the competent authority or tribunal, without prior notification or approval.

4.4 What has been done to provide for the individual service member’s exercise of his or her civil rights and how does your State ensure that the country’s armed forces are politically neutral? The rights of all military personnel, including those who serve time-limited, obligatory duty, are protected by the Constitution. Apart from that, the legislation on civil, political and social rights is fully applicable to all categories of military personnel. Nevertheless, due to the Armed Forces‘ special legal status as this results from their particular mission, military personnel does not have the right to strike, be elected with a political party or participate in political activities when on duty.

4.5 How does your State ensure that its defense policy and doctrine are consistent with international law? By specific constitutional provision, international law (both customary and treaty) is incorporated into the national legal order and prevails upon any contrary provision of law. It is thus binding upon the Government as well as the Government’s Council for National Security (GCFNS). There are specific institutions, both inside and outside the Armed Forces (e.g. Military Legal Advisers, the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence etc.), that control defence policy and the doctrine’s consistency with international law.

SECTION III: PUBLIC ACCESS AND CONTACT INFORMATION

1. PUBLIC ACCESS.

16  1.1 How is the public informed about the provisions of the Code of Conduct? The Ministry of National Defence is actively pursuing a policy of openness and accountability towards the Hellenic Parliament and the citizens. The public has access to information pertaining to the Armed Forces in the following ways: - By following relevant sessions of the Hellenic Parliament (either live or on the Parliament’s TV channel). - By exercising its right to access Government documents. Every citizen has the right to demand a copy of every document prepared by the Ministry of Defence or the Armed Forces, except for documents which contain information the disclosure of which may harm or prejudice national security (documents classified as “secret” and above). In the case of denial, the competent authority of the Armed Forces provides an answer in written. The requesting citizen may bring the denial before an administrative tribunal, if he deems that it constitutes an abuse of authority.  - On the internet, at the Greek Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces’ websites.  - At the Armed Forces Public Information Offices.  - Through the Ministry of Defence Information Directorate and the Press and Information Offices of the Chief of the HNDGS and the Chiefs of the General Staffs  Through the information media, open sources etc.  By attending, upon invitation, exercises, demonstrations and seminars organized by the Armed Forces.  At Armed Forces Conscription and Recruiting Offices.

1.2 What additional information related to the Code of Conduct, e.g, replies to the Questionnaire on the Code of Conduct, is made publicly available in your State? The provision, on behalf of the State, of any additional information related to the Code of Conduct that might be needed, would take place through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in consultation with the co-competent Ministries.

1.3 How does your State ensure public access to information related to your State’s armed forces? See above answer to question of para 1.1. In addition, the Ministry of Defence compiles the White Book on the Armed Forces, which is accessible to the public. Furthermore, the public is informed on topics concerning the Armed Forces, through 5 official websites where National Policy on Defence is clearly described. The Greek Armed Forces activities are fully compliant with the International Law.

2. CONTACT INFORMATION. 2.1 Provide information on the national point of contact for the implementation of the Code of Conduct. The national point of contact for the implementation of the Code of Conduct is the Permanent Mission of Greece to the OSCE (tel.: 0043 150 3393064 fax: 0043 150 33924).

17  Indicator (1) TABLES OF BILATERAL - TRIPARTITE – MULTILATERAL POLICE COOPERATION TREATIES BILATERAL POLICE COOPERATION TREATIES COUNTRY PLACE/ DATE OF SIGNING RATIFICATION

1 Albania Athens, 17/07/1992 Law no.2147/1993 (Government Gazette no. A 96/16- 06-1993) entered into force Tirana, 12/03/2010 Law no. 3962/2011 (Government (Implementing Protocol) Gazette no. A 98/29-04-2011) entered into force _________________________ _____________________________ Kakavia 18/01/2021 Law no. 4863/2021 (Government (Agreement between the Gazette no. A 232/27-11-2021) Government of the Hellenic entered into force Republic and the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Albania on Establishment and Functioning of a Police and Customs Cooperation Centre) 2 Armenia Athens, 18/06/1996 Law no.2499/1997 (Government Gazette no. A 100/28- 05-1997) entered into force 3 Bosnia & Herzegovina Athens, 09/02/2006 Law no. 3725/2008 (Government Gazette no. A 255/17- 12-2008) entered into force 4 Bulgaria Athens, 08/07/1991 (Police Law no. 2096/1992 Cooperation Treaty) (Government Gazette no. A 188)30- 11-1992) entered into force. Sofia, 22/02/1996 Decision no. F.0544/3/AS (Implementing Protocol of the 144/M.4559 (Government Gazette Police Cooperation Treaty) no. A 68/23-04-1996) entered into force. Sofia, 09/06/2010 Law no. 4420/2016 (Treaty on cross-border Police (Government Gazette no. A 175/20- Cooperation) 09-2016) entered into force Sofia, 29/04/2008 Law no. 3779/2009 (Agreement on the (Government Gazette no. A 132/07- establishment and operation 08-2009) entered into force of a Contact Centre for the cooperation among border safety authorities, police authorities, customs authorities and the authorities for the administrative control of third country nationals) 5 China Beijing, 05/06/2007 Law no. 3963/2011 (Government Gazette no. A 99/29-

18  04-2011) entered into force 6 Croatia Athens, 23/11/1998 Law no. 2756/1999 (Government Gazette no. A 253/19- 11-1999) entered into force 7 Cyprus Nicosia, 03/12/2007 Law no. 3936/2011 (Government Gazette no. A 56/21- 03-2011) entered into force 8 Egypt Cairo, 28/02/1998 Law no.2754/19 (Government Gazette no. A 251/ 19- 11-1999) entered into force 9 France Paris, 19/05/2008 Law no. 3901/2010 (Government Gazette no. A 215/23- 12-2010 entered into force 10 Georgia Tbilisi, 22.6.2017 (Agreement Law no. 4668/2020 (Government between the Government of Gazette no A 40/25-2-2020) entered the Hellenic Republic and the into force Government of Georgia on the cooperation in the fight against crime) 11 Hungary Budapest, 17/02/1993

Law no.2222/1994 (Government Gazette no. A 111/06- 07-1994) entered into force

12 Israel Jerusalem, 8/10/2013 Law no. 4723/2020 (Government (Agreement between the Gazette no. A 178/18.02.2020. Government of the Hellenic Entered into force in 13/11/2020 Republic and the State of Israel on cooperation in combating crime and other public security issues) Athens, 5.4.1995 Law 2383/1996 (Government Gazette no. A 40/7.3.1996). Entered into force

13 Italy Rome, 10/01/2000 Law no. 3159/2003 (Government Gazette no. A 64/26- 06-2003). Entered into force 14 Malta Valetta, 24/05/2001 Law no. 3125/2003 (Government Gazette no. A 63/14- 03-2003) entered into force Law no. 3571/2007 15 Pakistan Islamabad, 12/05/2005 (Government Gazette no. A 124/08- 06-2007) entered into force 16 Poland Warsaw, 18/06/1993 Law no. 2221/1994

19  (Government Gazette no. 110/06-07- 1994) entered into force Law no. 2138/1993 17 Romania Bucharest, 06/06/1992 (Government Gazette no. 84/28-05- 1993) entered into force

Law no. 3215/2003 Athens, 06/12/2001 (Government Gazette no. A 311/31- 12-2003) entered into force

Moscow, 7/10/2018 (protocol amending the Agreement between the Government of 18 Russia the Hellenic Republic and the Government of the Russian Law no. 4724/2020 (Government Federation on Cooperation of Gazette No. A 179/18.09.2020) the Ministry of Public Order of entered into force 8.10.2020 the Hellenic Republic and the Ministry of Interior of the Russian Federation in the field of combating crime, 6.12.2001) 19 Saudi Arabia Athens 26/07/2022 Ratification process underway Athens, 17/10/2008 Law no. 3935/2011 (Government Gazette no. A 55/21- 03-2011) entered into force ________________________ _____________________ 20 Serbia Agreement on the Establishment of Joint Patrols Ratification Process underway for the Protection of Public Order In Holiday Resorts Alexandroupoli 09/10/2022 Law no, 3269/2004 21 Slovenia Ljubljana, 27/09/2002 (Government Gazette no. A 186/11- 10-2004) entered into force Tunis, 19/5/1990 (Protocol to the Police Cooperation Decision no. Agreement between the Φ0544/3/ΑΣ329/M.2929 22 Tunisia Hellenic Ministry of Public Government Gazette no. A Order and the Tunisian 107/30.06.1992 entered into force. Ministry of Interior) Law no. 2926/2001 23 Türkiye Ankara, 20/01/2000 (Government Gazette no. A 139/27- 06-2001 entered into force Law no.3158/2003 24 Ukraine Athens, 24/04/2001 (Government Gazette no. A 163/26- 06-2003) entered into force 25 United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi, 9/5/2022 Ratification Process underway 26 USA Athens, 23/06/2009 Law no. 3800/2009

20 (Ratification of the (Government Gazette no. A 162/4-9- Arrangement signed between 2009) entered into force the Hellenic Police Special Anti-Terrorism Unit and the US Terrorist Screening Center for the exchange of information)

21  TRIPARTITE POLICE COOPERATION TREATIES COUNTRIES PLACE/ DATE OF SIGNING RATIFICATION

Bulgaria - Sofia, 08/09/1998 Law no. 2814/2000 Romania (Protocol reinforcing tripartite cooperation for (Government Gazette no. A 1 combating crime and especially cross- border 69/10-03-2000) entered into crime) force Bulgaria - Sofia,25/05/2015 Law no. 4385/2016 Türkiye (Agreement on the establishment and (Government Gazette no. A 2 operation of a Joint Contact Center for police 79/27-04-2016) and customs cooperation) entered into force

MULTILATERAL POLICE COOPERATION TREATIES ORGANIZATION PLACE/ DATE OF SIGNING RATIFICATION

Black Sea Economic Corfu, 02/10/1998 Law no. 2925/2001 Cooperation (BSEC) (Police Cooperation Treaty) (Government Gazette no. A 138/27-06-2001) entered into force Kiev, 15/03/2002 Law no. 3334/2005 nd (2 Additional Protocol to the (Government Gazette no. A 1 Police Cooperation Agreement) 92/12-04-2005) entered into force Athens, 03/12/2004 Law no. 3452/2006 st (31 Additional Protocol to the (Government Gazette no. A Police Cooperation Agreement) 70/03-04-2006) entered into force Southeast European Bucharest, 09/12/2009 Law no. 4054/20 12 Law Enforcement Center (Treaty on the establishment of the (Government Gazette no. A 2 (SELEC) Southeast European Law 45/07-03-20 12) entered into Enforcement Center) force

22  INFORMATION REGARDING WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY based on the “Updated Indicative List of Issues pertaining to Women, Peace and Security to be provided in the Questionnaire of the OSCE Code of Conduct”

3.1. PREVENTION

A. Checklist of key commitments taken by participating States LIST OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS Please indicate if your State is party to the following universal and regional legal instruments relevant to protecting women, peace and security. If your State is not a party to a treaty, but considers becoming a party, kindly indicate at which stage is such consideration (e.g., undergoing inter- ministerial co-ordination, approved by government and sent to parliament, approved by parliament and awaiting enactment by president, etc.) Party by: Law and date ratification of ratification, P(R), accession accession, P(a), succession succession, P(s), acceptance acceptance, or Name of the treaty P(A), approval approval P(AA), or Not party

Universal legal instruments

1. Protocol Supplementary to the United Nations Ratification by Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime to Law 3875/2010 Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, (Official Gazette Especially Women and Children (2000) A’ 158/20.9.2010)

2. United Nations Convention on All Forms of Ratification by Discrimination Against Women (1979) Law 1342/1983 (Official Gazette Α’ 39/1.4.1983)

The Council of Europe legal instruments

3. European Convention Against Trafficking in Human Ratification by Beings (2005) CETS No: 197 Law 4216/2013 (Offical Gazette Α’ 266/10.12.2012)

4. European Convention on Preventing and Combatting Ratification by Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence (2011) Law. 4531/2018 CETS No: 210 (Official Gazette A’62/5.4.2018)

23  Other arrangements Yes No

5. National Action Plan on UNSCR 1325 √

6. National legislation to implement the UN CEDAW convention (if a party), with particular reference to √ combating discrimination in employment, education, access to health services and participation in institutions ensuring democratic oversight and public scrutiny of the security sector.

7. Other related information, clarification or details to share:

-Law 4604/2019 on “Promoting of substantive gender equality, preventing and combatting gender-based violence” is the first horizontal law aiming at achieving substantive gender equality, by mainstreaming gender across/ eliminating gender inequalities in all sectors of public, social and economic life.

-Ratification of Ιnternational Labour Organization Convention No. 190 on Violence and Harassment. Law 4808/2021 (Official Gazette Α' 101/19.6.2021)

-The National Action Plan on Gender Equality (2021-2025) is fully aligned with the National Action Plan on Women Peace and Security (2023-2028) (see below under C.1.)

-Transposition of the Directive (EU) 2024/1385 of the European Parliament and the Council of 14 May 2024 on Combating violence against women and domestic violence. Law. 5172/2025 (Official Gazette A’ 10/29.01.2025)

B. Checklist of key measures taken by participating States

Type of Measure Yes No

1. Mechanism to assess risk of abuse of small arms to commit or facilitate serious acts of gender-based violence and violence against women and children

2. Inclusion of women’s organisations and women in religious, ethnic minority or community groups in measures - to counter and prevent terrorism and violent extremism - to raise awareness of the potential risks of exploitation and radicalization2 3. Inclusion of gender perspective and special needs of women and girls in a national counter-terrorism strategy3

2 See also similar question 3a in form to input to UN SG UNSCR 1325 report. 3 See also similar question 3a in form to input to UN SG UNSCR 1325 report.

24 4. Inclusion of specific matters related to the protection of women’s and girl’s rights in the basic education of armed forces. √

5. Availability of specialised in-service training for armed forces personnel on the protection of women’s and girl’s rights. √

6. Inclusion of specific matters related to the protection of women’s and girl’s rights in the pre-deployment training for international peacekeeping missions. √

7. Plans to address and gather information from local women’s populations in areas at risk of conflicts.

8. Mechanisms to monitor and evaluate the implementation of gender mainstreaming into operations √

9. Feedback mechanisms: - from operations to chiefs of defence or military planners √ - between forces leading multi-national missions and forces providing personnel to such missions 10 Membership of a regional network or leadership network such as the WPS Chiefs of √ Defence Network

11 Other related information, clarification or details to share:

-Membership of Female Leaders in Security and Defence (FLSD) Program, under the auspices of South- East Europe Defence Ministerial (SEDM) Process

C. More detailed information for sharing good practice between participating States

1 National Action Plan on UNSCR 1325 1.1 In case you have a National Action Plan on WPS, how is your NAP developed, implemented and its impact assessed, including involvement of women’s organisations and other civil society organisations and co-ordination across government?

Greece adopted its first National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security-NAPWPS (2023-2028), in December 2023. The NAPWPS was developed by a gender-inclusive Inter-ministerial Working Group through extensive negotiations, before being submitted to online public consultations with civil society organizations and all interested national stakeholders. The NAPWPS is a whole-of-government process: Implementing partners are the Ministries 1) of Foreign Affairs, 2) of National Defense, 3) of Interior Affairs, 4) of Education, Religious Affairs and Sport, 5) of Health, 6) of Labour and Social Protection, 7) of Citizen’s Protection, 8) of Migration and Asylum and 9) of Social Cohesion and Family. The National Commission of Human Rights, the Office of the Ombudsman and members of the academia are also involved in the development and implementation of the NAPWPS. The implementation of the NAPWPS is regularly monitored by a gender-inclusive Inter- ministerial Working Group, which consists of representatives of the implementing

25  Ministries, under the coordination of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in close cooperation with the General Secretariat of Coordination of the Presidency of the Government. Thus, the NAPWPS is regularly mainstreamed in the Annual Action Plans of the nine line-ministries and translated into concrete and results-oriented sectoral policies. The Inter-ministerial Working Group for the monitoring of the NAPWPS, in its first meeting (March 2024), started the discussions on the development of concrete gender indicators to measure its implementation progress.

1.2 In case you have a National Action Plan on WPS, who takes the lead and owns the budget? What contribution is made by your defence ministry and security forces?

While accountability for the implementation of each action of the NAPWPS rests with each implementing partner (Ministry), according to its budgetary arrangements, the MFA has the overall coordinating role in close cooperation with the General Secretariat of Coordination of the Presidency of the Government (see also above under 1.1.). Greece is one of the EU countries that participate in the European Commission/DG Reform capacity building project on “Gender mainstreaming in public policy and budget processes” (https://reform-support.ec.europa.eu/what-we-do/revenue-administration- and-public-financial-management/gender-mainstreaming-public-policy-and-budget- processes_en), with the cooperation of Expertise France, a French public agency for the design and implementation of international technical cooperation projects. In its current pilot face, project beneficiaries are the Ministries of Finance, of Interior, of Social Cohesion and Family and of Labour, with a view to include additional Ministries in the near future.

1.3 In case you have a National Action Plan on WPS, how does the NAP support enhancement of institutional capacity in defence and security?

-The NAPWPS supports the enhancement of institutional capacity in foreign policy, defence and security, by, inter alia, capacity building/educational projects targeting the implementing Ministries’ staff as well as regular coordination and best practices exchange with like-minded international and regional partners.

-The NAPWPS is implemented through the Annual Action Plans of the relevant Ministries. The annual Action Plan of the Hellenic Ministry of Defence 2024 includes specific actions and time-bound projects concerning the implementation of the gender mainstreaming in the defence and security domain.

1.4 In case you have a National Action Plan on WPS, how do you publicise progress on implementation of your NAP?

The Inter-ministerial Working Group for the monitoring of the NAPWPS intends to publicise progress on implementation of the NAPWPS through regular annual reporting, which will be widely accessible online.

2 Measures to prevent sexual and gender-based harm

2.1 Horizon scanning, intelligence and risk?

26  - How do you include systematic gender analysis of areas at risk of conflict, including gender disaggregated socio-economic indicators, power over resources and decision- making, increases in sexual and gender-based violence, on-line and other threats of violence against women in public life, journalists and those providing humanitarian assistance?

Within the framework of the National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security (NAPWPS), a gender perspective is incorporated into the operational planning processes. Hellenic National Defence General Staff has Gender Analysis capabilities, performed by trained personnel who are subject matter experts (Gender Advisors) staffing the Office of Gender Advisor, under the Human Resources Directorate.

- How do you incorporate a gender perspective into actions preventing and combatting the tensions which lead to conflict, such as increases in sexual and gender- based violence, terrorism, violent extremism and human trafficking?

During the basic training of Armed Forces personnel (Military Academies – Training Centers – Specialization Training), there are specific training modules regarding the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda and the integration of the gender perspective into operational planning process.

- What is the role of your military, police and other security personnel in such activities?

The role is related to the Mandate. Military personnel is trained accordingly.

2.2 Planning. - How do you incorporate a gender perspective into operational planning?

Within the framework of the National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security (NAPWPS), a gender perspective is incorporated into the operational planning processes supported by trained Gender Advisors.

- How do you plan to address and gather information from local women’s populations in areas at risk of conflict?

Regarding the existence of plans on dealing with and the collection of intelligence from local female populations, the responsibility rests with the National Intelligence Centers (NIC) established in areas where Hellenic Peace Support Forces have been deployed.

2.2.1 Awareness and understanding of WPS at all levels and types of security personnel. - What training do you give on incorporating a gender perspective and protecting the rights of women and girls to security personnel at basic education, officer training and specialised in-service training?

During the basic training of Armed Forces personnel (Military Academies – Training Centers – Specialization Training), there are specific training modules regarding the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda and the integration of a gender perspective into operational planning process.

27  - How do you train security personnel to protect women and girls, men and boys from sexual and gender-based violence?4

During the basic training of Armed Forces personnel (Military Academies – Training Centers – Specialization Training), there are specific training modules regarding the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda and the integration of a gender perspective into operational planning process.

2.4 Vetting of security personnel, especially pre-deployment - What measures do you take to vet and prevent the recruitment, retention, promotion and deployment of security personnel with a record of sexual or gender-based violence or other violations of human rights? 5

Personnel selection procedures prohibit personnel with a record of sexual or gender-based violence or other violations/ of human rights from participating/being a member of Peace Support Forces.

2.5 Other preventative measures - What other preventative measures do you have, for example to prevent sexual abuse or sexual exploitation on deployments and other forms of engagement of security forces abroad?6

Pre deployment training.

3 Leadership, accountability and assurance 3.1 Integrating WPS into the command climate - How do you integrate a gender perspective and WPS into your policy and operational framework, including military manuals, national security policy frameworks, codes of conduct, protocols, standard operating procedures and command directives?

Within the framework of the National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security (NAPWPS), a gender perspective is incorporated into policy and operational framework by trained Gender Advisors.

3.2 Accountability and Performance assessment - What measures, systems or procedures do you have on individual and collective accountability for acting in accordance with such polices or directives?

General framework may be applicable.

3.3 Assurance - How do you provide specialist advice to operational commanders on WPS?

4 See also similar question 6a in the NATO Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) Implementation Progress Report. 5 See also similar question 2 and 8 in the NATO Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) Implementation Progress Report. 6 See also similar question question 7 in the NATO Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) Implementation Progress Report.

28  Within the framework of the National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security (NAPWPS), specialist advice to operational commanders on WPS is provided by trained Gender Advisors.

- What systems or measures do you use to co-ordinate specialist advice on WPS throughout your security forces and to provide democratic oversight?

Within the framework of the National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security (NAPWPS), co-ordination on WPS specialist advice to operational commanders is performed by trained Gender Advisors.

4 Sharing of good practice 4.1 How do you share good practice and learn from others?

As a NATO member, Greece participates to the NATO Committee for Gender Perspectives, where lessons learned and good practices are exchanged between National Representatives.

3.2 PARTICIPATION

A. Checklist of key measures taken by participating States

Type of Measure Yes No

1. Collection and monitoring of sex disaggregated statistics on applicants to armed forces √

2. Policies to attract female candidates (targeted campaigns, review of accession tests etc) √

3. Policies to promote equal opportunities for women and men across the security √ sector 4. Collection and monitoring of sex disaggregated statistics of armed forces personnel: - By rank √ - By promotion - By retention 5. Collection and monitoring of sex disaggregated statistics of complaints by armed forces personnel of: - Discrimination - sexual harassment √ - gender based harassment - sexual violence - gender-based violence

6. Collection and monitoring of sex disaggregated statistics of complaints by civilian personnel in the security sector of: - discrimination - sexual harassment √ - gender based harassment - sexual violence - gender-based violence

29 7. Anonymous staff surveys/climate assessment surveys or similar (monitoring incidences of behaviour contrary to military standards of conduct) √

8. Collection and monitoring of sex-disaggregated statistics of: - personnel deployed on operations and peace-keeping missions √ - and by rank

9. Collection and monitoring of sex-disaggregated statistics of decision makers in the √ security sector 10 Other related information, clarification or details to share:

B. More detailed information for sharing good practice on participative measures between participating States

1. Measures to increase the number of women in general and in decision-making positions in the armed forces and the ministry of defence (and other security forces- optional). 1.1 What are the numbers and percentages of women and men applying for and recruited to your military forces? 1.2 What are the numbers and percentages of women and men in your military forces, disaggregated by rank?

The female military personnel consist of 13.206 women. The numbers and percentages of female personnel in the Armed Forces, per rank, appear in the following tables:

ARMY NAVY AIR FORCE Number of female military personnel in the Armed Forces 7025 2638 3543

% of % of % Total % of % of % of Female Female Female Female Female Female OF-6 and OF-1 to of OR-1- military OF-3 to OR-5 to higher OF-2 to personnel OF-5 OR-9 OR-4 Army 15,51% 1,61% 15,% 21,91% 8,54% 14,43% Navy 19,18% 1,64% 11,53% 24,10% 17,80% 26,45% Air Force 17,57% 2,78% 13,75% 18,66% 19,42% 13,50% 1.3 If you regularly analyse retention and promotion statistics disaggregated by gender and rank, what are the trends and what action, if any, are you taking as a result? 1.4 What are the numbers and percentages of complaints raised by women and men about discrimination, harassment, sexual or gender-based violence? No incident of sexual harassment has been reported during the last year. 1.5 How do you monitor outcomes? 1.6 How is a gender-perspective integrated into a ‘climate assessment’ or similar anonymous staff survey, if used?

30  2 Measures to increase the numbers of women and specialist WPS advisers in peacekeeping forces.7 2.1 What are the numbers and percentages of women and men in peacekeeping forces, disaggregated by rank?

The female military personnel in peacekeeping forces consist of 603 women. The numbers and percentages of female personnel, per rank, appear in the following tables:

ARMY NAVY AIR FORCE Number of women 33 570 in peacekeeping forces

Total % of % of % of % of % of % Female Female Female Female Female Female military OF-6 and OF-3 to OF-1 to OR-5 to of OR- personnel higher OF-5 OF-2 OR-9 1-to OR-4 Army 6,80% - - 8,24% 7,07% - Air Force - - - - - - Navy 17,50% - 2,98% 14,80% 19,18% 19,01%

2.2 What are the numbers and percentages of international missions to which you appointed Gender Advisers, Gender Focal Points or Women Protection Advisers? No changes.

3 Democratic oversight of Security Forces and WPS 3.1 How do your security forces publicise, report on and account for their actions on policies and plans related to WPS? Through normal military reporting procedures.

3.2 What is the representation of women in decision-making positions in institutions ensuring democratic oversight and public scrutiny?

3.3 PROTECTION

A. Checklist of measures taken by participating States

Type of Measure Yes No

1. Specialist Advisers on WPS: - Gender Advisers √ - Gender Focal Points - Women Protection Advisers

7. See also similar question B1 in form to input to UN SG UNSCR 1325 report.

31 2. Policies to protect women and others in conflict and post-conflict areas from sexual abuse and exploitation by your State’s security personnel8 √

3. Policies which set out the duties of commanders and other superiors to prevent abuse or exploitation by their subordinates. √

4. Collection and monitoring of reported cases of exploitation and abuse allegedly perpetrated by military, para-military and security forces: -referred √ -investigated - acted upon 5. Measures to increase your State’s capacity to investigate alleged violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms in areas of conflict or post-conflict including sexual and gender-based violence9 6. National legislation conferring powers to prosecute alleged extra-territorial violations of human rights √

7. Other related information, clarification or details to share:

B. More detailed information for sharing good practice on protective measures between participating States

1 Measures to embed protection of women and girls in operations and international missions 1.1 How do you define conflict-related violence in your policies, manuals, standard operating procedures and training material? Greece complies with NATO definitions on this subject. - Does it include sexual and gender-based violence, forced sterilisations and abductions, also of men and boys, and forced pregnancy and forced abortions? As above. - Does it include victims of terrorism or other armed groups? As above. 1.2 Number and percentage of participating State’s international missions that address specific issues affecting women and girls in their terms of reference and the mission reports. No changes. 1.3 How are military, para-military and security forces trained to respond to sexual violence and gender-based harm? During the basic training of Armed Forces personnel (Military Academies – Training Centers – Specialization Training), there are specific training modules regarding the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda and the integration of the gender perspective into operational planning process.

8. See also similar question B2 in form to input to UN SG UNSCR 1325 report as well as question 3a in NATO Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) Implementation Progress Report. 9 See also similar question 4a in Similar question in NATO Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) Implementation Progress Report.

32  2 Investigating alleged violations 2.1 How do you identify, record, investigate and prosecute any alleged violations, cases of exploitation and abuse perpetrated by military, para-military and security forces? What experience do you have of such investigations and prosecutions? The Hellenic National Defence Forces have not had yet to handle any incident of abuse allegedly involving its personnel. 2.2 What are the number and percentage of reported cases of exploitation and abuse allegedly perpetrated by military, para-military and security forces that are referred, investigated and acted upon? The Hellenic National Defence Forces have not had yet to handle any incident of abuse allegedly involving its personnel. 2.3 How do you ensure access to justice for victims of conflict related violence including cases of exploitation and abuse by military, para-military and security forces? The Hellenic National Defence Forces have not had yet to handle any incident of abuse allegedly involving its personnel.

3 Other measures to protect women and girls 3.1 What lessons could you share in relation to protective measures?

3.4 SUSTAINING PEACE

A. Checklist of key measures taken by participating States Please indicate if your State has the following measures in place to sustain peace, especially with regard to relief and recovery and to post-conflict situations. More detailed information of such measures can be included in Part B below.

Type of Measure Yes No

1. Measures to ensure the involvement of women from the outset in seeking a peaceful settlement of potential or actual conflicts.

2. Measures to support those who have experienced sexual or gender-based violence during or post-conflict to support their recovery from trauma

3. Measures to support the role of women as agents of change and transformation in areas emerging from conflict

4. Measures to support capacity building in the security and other sectors of fragile states or post-conflict situations to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms, especially relating to women and girls 5. Other related information, clarification or details to share:

33 B. More detailed information for sharing good practice between participating States 1.1 How do security personnel support and seek to embed the involvement of women in peacekeeping and throughout the peace building and post -conflict process? 1.2 What training are your security personnel given as regards survivor focus? 1.3 What roles do your security personnel or other personnel play in support of demobilisation, access to humanitarian assistance or to facilitate re-integration post- conflict? 1.4 What lessons could you share in relation to recovery and relief issues in the WPS agenda? 3.5 Final reflections 1. What do you consider biggest obstacles as well as what are the priorities for your country on WPS in the context of the Code of Conduct? 2. Would you like to share any additional information, clarification or details?

ATTACHMENT - LIST OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS Please indicate if your State is party to the following universal and regional legal instruments relevant to preventing and combating terrorism and related co-operation in criminal matters. If your State is not a party to a treaty, but considers becoming a party, kindly indicate at which stage is such consideration (e.g., undergoing inter- ministerial co- ordination, approved by government and sent to parliament, approved by parliament and awaiting enactment by president, etc.)

Party by: ratification Law and date of P(R), accession P(a), ratification, acces- succession P(s), Name of the treaty sion, succession, acceptance P(A), acceptance, or ap- approval P(AA), or Not proval party Universal legal instruments Legislative Decree. Convention on Offences and Certain Other P 734/1971 Acts Committed on Board Aircraft (1963) 15/02/1971 Legislative Decree. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful P 1352/1973 Seizure of Aircraft (1970) 31/03/1973 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Legislative Decree Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation P 174/1973 (1971) 28/09/1973 Convention on the Prevention and Law 1368/1983 Punishment of Crimes Against P 08/7/1983 Internationally Protected Persons (1973) International Convention against the Taking Law 1688/1987 P of Hostages (1979) 13/03/1987 Convention on the Physical Protection of N. 1636/1986 P Nuclear Material (1979) 18/07/1986 Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Law 1913/1990 Acts of Violence at Air- ports Serving P 17/12/1990 International Civil Aviation, supplementary

34 to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation (1988) Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Law 2108/1992 Acts against the Safety of Maritime P 29/12/1992 Navigation (1988) Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Law 2108/1992 Acts Against the Safety of Fixed Platforms P 29/12/1992 Located on the Continental Shelf (1988) Convention on the Marking of Plastic Law. 2264/1994 Explosives for the Purpose of Detection P 5/12/1994 (1991) International Convention for the Law. 3116/2003 P Suppression of Terrorist Bomb- ings (1997) 7/3/2003 International Convention for the Law. 3034/2002 Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism P 29/07/2002 (1999) International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (2005) Amendment to the Convention on the Law 3990/2011 Physical Protection of Nuclear Material P 14/07/2011 (2005) Protocol to the Convention for the Law. 4169/2013 Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the P 12/7/2013 Safety of Maritime Navigation (2005) Protocol to the Protocol for the Suppression Law 4169/2013 of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed P 12/7/2013 Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf

Party by: ratification P(R), Law and date of accession P(a), succession ratification, acces- Name of the treaty P(s), acceptance P(A), sion, succession, approval P(AA), or Not acceptance, or ap- party proval Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International - - Civil Aviation 2010) Protocol Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of - - Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft (2010) The United Nations Convention Law 3875/2010 Against Τransnational Organized Crime P 20/09/2010 (2000) The Council of Europe legal instruments European Convention on the Law 1789/1988 Suppression of Terrorism (1977) CETS P 20/06/1988 No: 090

35  Protocol amending the European Convention on the Suppression of - - Terrorism (2003) CETS No: 190 Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism (2005) CETS No: - - 196 Council of Europe Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Law 4418/2017/ Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime P 01/03/2018 and on the Financing of Terrorism (2005) CETS No: 198 European Convention on Extradition Law 4165/1961 P (1957) CETS No: 024 06/05/1961 Additional Protocol to the European Law 1129/1981 Convention on Extradition (1975) CETS P 17/02/1981 No: 086 Second Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Ex- tradition - - (1978) CETS No: 098 European Convention on Mutual Legal Law 4218/1961 Assistance in Criminal Matters (1959) P 19/09/1961 CETS No: 030 Additional Protocol to the European Law 1129/1981 Convention on Mutual Legal Assistance P 12/04/1982 in Criminal Matters (1978) CETS No: 099 Second Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Mutual Legal - - Assistance in Criminal Matters (2001) CETS No: 182 European Convention on the Transfer of Proceedings in Criminal Matters - - (1972) CETS No: 073 Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Law 2655/1998 P Proceeds from Crime (1990) CETS No: 01/12/1998 141 Convention on Cybercrime (2001) CETS Law. 4411/2016 P No: 185 03/08/2016

36  INDICATIVE LIST OF ISSUES PERTAINING TO CHILDREN AND ARMED CONFLICT TO BE PROVIDED AS VOLUNTARY ATTACHMENT THE QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE OSCE CODE OF CONDUCT ON POLITICO-MILITARY ASPECTS OF SECURITY

This document consists of an indicative list of issues, providing useful information on the subject of Children and Armed Conflict (CAAC) for participating States replying to the Questionnaire on the OSCE Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects of Security.

It is presented by Albania, Belgium, Italy, Norway and Poland as co-chairs of the OSCE Group of Friends on Children and Armed Conflict, which was established on the margins of the OSCE Ministerial Council in Łódź (Poland) in December 2022. The Group of Friends aims to raise awareness among OSCE participating States on issues affecting children in armed conflicts and to increase the profile and visibility of the work of the Organisation in this area.

Indeed, UN Security Council Resolution 2427 (2018) on children and armed conflict, “recogniz[ed] the valuable contribution pertinent regional and subregional organizations and arrangements make for the protection of children affected by armed conflict, [...and] encourage[d] regional and subregional organizations and arrangements to continue mainstreaming child protection into their advocacy, policies, programmes and mission planning [...]” (para 11).

At the 1021st Meeting of the Forum for Security Co-operation under the Belgian Chairmanship and related Security Dialogue on “Children and Armed Conflict” on 14 September 2022, participating States widely recognised the importance of the issue of protecting children in armed conflicts and its relevance within the political-military dimension of the OSCE comprehensive concept of security and toolbox.

In line with the objectives of the OSCE Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects of Security, the following indicative list of issues on the subject of Children and Armed Conflict aims to foster the exchange of information and sharing of best practices and lessons learnt on this issue, as well as to support participating States in their commitment to strengthen the knowledge and respect of international humanitarian law by their armed forces personnel. We encourage all participating States to use it for future responses to the Questionnaire.

ANNEX III – VOLUNTARY INFORMATION ON CHILDREN AND ARMED CONFLICT

International legal framework and commitments .Please indicate if your State is a party to or has endorsed the following international legal instruments or voluntary commitments. Please also kindly elaborate in case of any reservations or interpretative statements.

YES NO Reservations/ Interpretative Statements Convention on the Rights of the Child √ Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child √ on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography Optional Protocol to the Convention on the rights of the child on √

37 the involvement of children in armed conflict Optional Protocol to the Convention on the rights of the child on √ a communication procedure ILO Convention 182 on the worst forms of child labour √ Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, √ Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction Safe Schools Declaration √ Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with √ Armed Forces or Armed Groups Vancouver Principles on Peacekeeping and the Prevention of the √ Recruitment and Use of Child Soldiers Political Declaration on EWIPA (Explosive Weapons in Populated √ Areas)

International Partnerships

In case of collaboration and training programmes of your State with other States, to what extent are issues related to children and armed conflict addressed and included, in particular for those countries that are mentioned in the UN Secretary General annual report on children and armed conflict?

The protection of children in armed conflict is a priority for Greece, during its tenure as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council for the period 2025-2026. In this vein, Greece focuses on a) enhancing cooperation with the Office of the UNSGSR on CAAC, Ms Virginia Gamba, including by championing her new global campaign entitled “Prove it Matters”, as well as on b) contributing to the effective implementation of the protective framework on CAAC and its mainstreaming throughout the work of the UN Security Council as well as of the overall UN architecture.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………….

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