Case C-331/23, Dranken Van Eetvelde: Judgment of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 12 December 2024 (request for a preliminary ruling from the rechtbank van eerste aanleg Oost-Vlaanderen, afdeling Gent – Belgium) – Dranken Van Eetvelde NV v Belgische Staat (Reference for a preliminary ruling – Taxation – Common system of value added tax (VAT) – Directive 2006/112/EC – Article 205 – Joint and several liability for tax debts owed by a third party – Conditions and scope of liability – Fight against VAT fraud – Joint and several liability for the payment of VAT which does not allow an assessment to be made on the basis of the contribution of each taxable person in the tax evasion – Principle of proportionality – Article 50 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Principle non bis in idem – Criteria for application – Facts relating to different tax years against which administrative or criminal proceedings are brought – Continuing offence with unity of purpose