China - Fourth Inland Waterways Project : resettlement action plan (Vol. 5 of 8) : Guangdong component

RP174V. 5 April 1, 2003 Resettlement Action Plan of Guangdong Component of IWW4 Project of China Guangdong Provincial Waterway Bureau Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences April 1, 2003   Compiling Consultants of the RAP Mai Zhiquan Director of Guangdong Provincial Waterway Bureau Li Minghua Director of Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences Compilers Chen Zhichao Deputy director of Guangdong Provincial Waterway Bureau Mai Junjie Chief of the Planning office of Guangdong Provincial Waterway Bureau Xiao Youji Director of the project office of Guangdong Provincial Waterway Bureau Jia Yunping Vice research fellow of Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences Li Dahua Research fellow, doctor of Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences Liu Mengqing Vice research fellow of Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences Li Yan Doctor of Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences Miao Xingzhuang Vice research fellow of Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences Wu Weijiang Planning office of Guangdong Provincial Waterway Bureau Chen Weibin Project office of Guangdong Provincial Waterway Bureau Integrators Xiao Youji Jia Yunping   Contents 1 General Information about the Project 1.1 Background of the Project 1.2 General Situation of the Project 1.3 Regions Benefiting from the Project 1.4 Measures for Reducing Impacts of Migration and of the Project 1.4.1 Measures adopted in Lao-long-hu Works 1.4.2 Measures adopted in Xiniu Complex 1.5 Project Organizations and Preparation for Resettlement Action Plan 1.5.1 Project Organizations 1.5.2 Preparation for Resettlement Action Plan 2 Economy of Regions Involved in the Project 2.1 Natural and Social Economic Background of Regions Involved in the Project 2.2 Socioeconomic Situation of Towns to Be Impacted by the Project 2.3 Socioeconomic Situation of Villages to Be Impacted by the Project 2.4 Economic Situation of the Rural Households to Be Impacted by the project 2.4.1 Distribution of Samples in the Survey of Social Impact on Households 2.4.2 Livelihood and Family Life of the Households Impacted by the Project 2.4.3 Condition of Residence 2.4.4 Domestic Economy of the Affected Households: Type, Mode and Scale 2.4.5 Households Property, Income and Expenditure 2.5 The Vulnerable Rural Households 2.5.1 Conditions of the Households with Lower Income and Fewer Properties 2.5.2 Households with Members Lost Work Ability 3 Impact of the Project 3.1 Scope under the Impacts of Land Acquisition in the Project 3.1.1 Scope under the Impacts 3.1.2 Contents of the Impacts (Substantial Indexes) 3.2 Land Acquisition in the Project 3.2.1 Property Rights and Operating Mode of Lands to Be Acquired 3.2.2 Description of the Operating Situation of Lands to Be Acquired 3.2.3 Quantity of Lands to Be Acquired in the Project  3.3 Lands Used Temporarily 3.3.1 Quantity of Lands Used Temporarily 3.3.2 Description of Lands Used Temporarily 3.4 Impacts of Lands Usage in the Project on Rural Economy 3.5 Impacts of Land Acquisition on Households' Revenue 3.5.1 (no title) 3.5.2 Decrease in Households' Revenue Caused by Land Acquisition 3.6 Impacts of Construction of the Project on Public Establishments 3.6.1 Bridges 3.6.2 Cables and Telephone Lines 3.6.3 Buildings along River Sides 3.7 Impacts of the Project on Stoneyards Brickyards and Dockyards 4 Legitimate Framework 4.1 the Legitimate Framework of Resettlement Policy 4.2 The Land Acquisition Policy Applicable to this Project 4.3 Compensation Rate 4.4 Resettlement Objective and Principle 5 Estimation of Compensation Cost 5.1 Compensation Standards for Land Acquisition 5.2 Cost for Land Acquisition 5.2.1 Basic Land Acquisition Cost 5.2.2 Compensation for Green Crops 5.3 Tax of Land Acquisition 5.4 Cost of Land Used Temporarily 5.5 Expenses for Monitoring 5.6 Estimation of Total Expenses for Land Acquisition 5.7 Outflow of Funds 6 Action Plan for Settlement and Recovery 6.1 Basis, Characteristics and Essential Measures in Action Plan for Settlement and Recovery 6.1.1 Characteristics of Local Labor Forces' Employment 6.1.2 Compensation Demands from Who Will Be Influenced and Forming of Settlement Plan 2  6.1.3 Characteristics of Settlement Plan in this Project and Essential Measures 6.2 Settlement Measures for Farmers of Land Acquisition in Rural Areas 6.2.1 Settlement for Farmners of Paddy Field Acquisition in Longquan Village 6.2.2 Settlement for Farmers of Paddy Field Acquisition in Wangshan Village 6.2.3 Settlement for Farmers of Fishpond Acquisition in Longquan, Wangshan and Dongcheng Village 6.2.4 Settlement for Farmers of Land Acquisition in Zhengnan, Yuzui and Dongling Village 6.2.5 Settlement for Farmers of Land Acquisition in Xiaowan Village 6.2.6 Settlement for Farmers of Land Acquisition in Xilian Village 6.3 Measures for Recovery of Rural Economy 6.3.1 Measures for Recovery of Rural Economy in Longquan Village (Investment Plan) 6.3.2 Measures for Recovery of Rural Economy in Wangshan Village 6.3.3 Measures for Recovery of Rural Economy in Dongcheng Village 6.3.4 Measures for Recovery of Rural Economy in Xilian Village 6.3.5 Measures for Recovery of Rural Economy in Xiaowan Village 6.4 Measures for Recovery of Economy in Villages Whose Land Rent for Discharging Mud. 6.4.1 Economic Compensation for and Distribution of Land Used for Discharging Mud in these Villages 6.4.2 Land Used for Discharging Mud in These Villages Will Be Refit and Recovered as Cultivatable Lands 6.5 Measures for Settling Farmers Whose Land Used Temporarily for Construction 6.5.1 Economic Compensation for Land Temporarily Rent 6.5.2 Measures for Recovering Cultivation in Land Temporarily Used 6.6 Measures for Settling Vulnerable Groups 6.7 Women and Protection of Their Rights and Interests 6.8 Monitoring the Use of Compensation Funds for Land Acquisition 6.9 Recovery of Other Facilities 6.9.1 Reconstruction of Bridges 6.9.2 Moving and Reconstruction of Cables and Telephone Lines 6.9.3 Recovery and Reconstruction of Building along River 6.9.4 Compensation for Loss from Shutout of Stoneyards and Brickyards 3  6.9.5 Reduction in Impacts on Niuetan Dock 6.9.6 Eradication of Impacts on Shipping Business Owners 6.9.7 Maintenance on Diversion, Drainage and Irrigation Facilities Which Don't Need to Be Moved and Rebuilt 6.9.8 Guarantee for Production in Baitu Dockyard 6.10 Implementation Plan for Settling Migrants 7 Organization Structure 7.1 The Responsible Organizations of the Planning, Management, Implementation, and Monitoring of the Project Resettlement 7.2 Liabilities 7.2.1 Resettlement team of World Bank Financial O'ffice of Guangdong Provincial Waterway Bureau 7.2.2 Xinhui City and Yingde City Resettlement Offices 7.2.3 Resettlement Offices of Muzhou, Gujing, Xiniu, and Hanguang Towns 7.2.4 Village Administrations 7.2.5 Survey Design Organization (Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences) 7.2.6 Independent Monitoring Organization (Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences) 7.3 Staffing 7.4 The Institutional Strengthening Measures 8 Participation and Negotiation 8.1 The Purposes of the Public Participation and Negotiation 8.2 The Objects of Public Participation and the Organization 8.2.1 The Organization of Public Participation 8.2.2 Participation of the PAPs in the Negotiation 8.3 The Mechanism and Plan of Negotiation 8.3.1. Project Planning Stage 8.3.2. Project Preparation Stage 8.3.3. Project Implementation Stage 9 Complaints and Appeals 9.1 The Organization Receiving Complaints and Appeals 9.2 Complaint Channels 9.2.1 Ordinary Complaint Channels 4  9.2.2 Further Complaint Channels 9.2.3 Extensive Complaint Channels 9.2.4 Lawsuit 9.3 Experience and Study 10 Monitoring 10.1 Internal Monitoring and Checking 10.1 .1 Implementation Procedures 10.1.2 Monitoring Contents 10.1.3 Staff 10.1.4 Objectives and Liabilities 10.2 Independent Monitoring 10.2.1 Organization 10.2.2 Liabilities 10.2.3 The Timetable of Independent Monitoring Office 10.2.4 The Frequency and Reporting of the Independent Monitoring 11 Rights Matrix Appendix 1. Line Map of the Social Impacts Survey about Lao-long-hu Waterway Works 2. Line Map of the Social Impacts Survey about Xiniu Complex on Liangjiang River 3. Area of Cultivated Land in Muzhou and Gujin Town 4. Area of Cultivated Land in Every Village in Xiniu Town 5. Production Situation of Fish Culture in Muzhou and Gujin Town 6. Situation of Grass Root Organizations in Muzhou and Gujin Town 7. Situation of Grass Root Organizations in Every Village in Xiniu Town 8. Syllabus of Interviewing on Social Impacts 9 Questionnaire Used in Surveying Residents' Situation to Be Affected by the Guangdong Component of IWW4 Project of China 5  1 General Information about the Project Guangdong Component of IWW4 Project of China consists of three sub-projects, and they are: Lao-long-hu Waterway Regulation Works, Xiniu Navigation Complex on Lianjiang River and Waterway Regulation Works on middle reaches of the Beijiang River (from Shaoguan to Zhongyuan). 1.1 Background of the Project To build waterways network in Pearl River Delta (PRD) and waterways in mountain areas is to meet the strategic demands of CPC Guangdong Committee and Guangdong Provincial Government to take the lead in realizing modernization in PRD regions and to accelerate economic development from east to west and from south to north. During the period of the eighth and ninth five-year plan, waterways network in PRD with the major waterway channel on Xijiang River as the principal axis was emphasized for construction. Till the beginning of the tenth five-year plan, skeleton of the waterways network in PRD with "three horizontal and three vertical" has been basically come into being. During the period of the tenth five-year plan, to start extending these waterways to neighboring regions is the external demand to develop overwater transportation. Waterway on middle reaches of the Beijiang River (from Shaoguan to Zhongyuan), Lao-long-hu waterway and Xiniu Navigation Complex on Lianjiang River are infrastructures linking overwater communications from mountain areas to seaside regions and from fully economy developed regions to less developed regions. The execution of the construction works will cause unsubstitutable effects on improving shipping conditions in PRD and investment environment in mountain areas of Guangdong, and accelerating economic development in mountain areas of middle and north Guangdong. It has been many times for delegates to Provincial People's Congress in Guangdong and Guangdong Provincial Committee of Chinese People Political Consultative Conference to bring forward proposals on regulating waterways. The project has received great attention and strong support from Ministry of Communications, Guangdong Provincial Development Planning Commission, Department of Public Finance, and Department of Communications. No house dismantling & moving and migrants moving are needed in the three works, and only little land acquisition is needed, which results in small impacts of land acquisition, dismantling & moving, low costs and high efficacy.  1.2 General Situation of the Project Lao-long-hu Waterway Regulation Works: Lao-long-hu waterway locates in Xinhui city, consisting of north section of Laolao brook, Longquan Sea, tail of Babao waterway and tail of Hukeng waterway. It is water route of economy linking mainstream of the Xijiang River and the Tanjiang River Yinzhou Lake, long as 16km, flowing into the sea from Yinzhou Lake. The waterway is one of the most important horizons of the "three horizontal and three vertical" in the Total Layout and Programming of Guangdong Component of IWW. It's designed to be built as a National Third-Class Inner Waterway, open to navigate seagoing ships of tonnage of 1000 tons. The major characteristic of Lao-long-hu Waterway is its natural conditions of deep water. On the whole, its 5-meter isobath has run through, and the riverbed is stable, but it has a narrow riverway. Major implementation of project's works includes: dredging up, straightening crooks, blasting reefs, retaining riverbank, navigation mark and communications works, etc. It's estimated that an investment of about RMB 216,116,600 is needed. Please see table 1 about the basic information about the works. Table 1 Basic Information about Lao-long-hu Waterway Regulation Works Waterway Name Length (km) width (m) Major works Northern section of 4.5 150-180 Dredging Laolaoxi 451010Degn Curve trimming and 60-80 corner cutting, widening Longquan 3.0 (river of channel, reef blasting, width) building and demolishing of bridges End of Babao 4.2 80-110 Dredging widening of Channel ______channel End of Hukeng 3.8 200-250 Dredging Channel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ After completion of Lao-long-hu Waterway Regulation Works, passengers or cargos ships of 1000 tons level can enter Yinzhou Lake (also named Yamen waterway). It is about 21.34km long from Hukengkou to Yamen (Yanan). Yamen waterway is the biggest waterway entrance to sea in the west of PRD, also one of major entrances in the Tanjing River drainage area and on lower reaches of the Xijiang River. Yinzhou Lake has very good conditions of water area, with a width of 1200-2000 meters, and keeps natural depth of 8.0-14.0 meters in long term. For its 2  large width of water area and silent wave, it is looked as a perfect waterway to navigate river steamers or seagoing ships of high tonnage, as well as a good route into ports for seagoing ships of ten thousands tons level in Xinhui harbor. Three km up from Hukengkou, there locates Xinhui Tianma harbor, which was designed and built at a throughput scale of 860 thousand tons, and a docking capacity of 5000 tons. The docking capacity is programmed as 10 thousand tons level. Therefore, it will decrease costs of social transportation and generate enormous economic benefits and social interests to regulate Lao-long-hu waterway, and to connect central zone of PRD and natural seaside harbors. Xiniu Navigation Complex on the Lianjiang River Xiniu Navigation Complex lies in the river section between upriver and downriver Liangzhou, which is 3.5km upper from Xiniu Town Yingde City on main stream of the Lianjiang River, and it is the twelfth rundle in the program of trenching works on The Lianjiang River. Water level on upper reaches of the complex works is linked up with that on lower reaches of the Jiaqiaoshi complex in Hanguang Town, and water level on its lower reaches is linked up with that on tail section of Feilai gorge irrigation complex on the Beijiang River. There is about 12.17km of backwater in reservoir, and about 8,557 km2 of drainage area is under the control of Xiniu complex. In many years, the annual average runoff area reached 314m2/S, and the annual average quantity of runoff reached 137.5million m 3. The project is an integrated whole used mainly for shipping, as well as generating electricity, irrigating, breeding and tourism. Xiniu waterway and ship gates reach class VI, open to navigate ships of 100 tons level. The ship gates are designed totally to allow ships of two million tons level to pass through in a whole year. The electricity-generating station is designed to have an installed capacity of 6400KW, and to generate electricity of 35,960,000 KWH in a whole year. Totally, an investment of about RMB 279,128,600 is needed in this project, and planned to be completed in three years. Waterway Regulation Works on Middle Reaches of the Beijiang River The project has a total length of 184km, and a National Fifth-Class Inner Waterway is planned to be built, open to navigate ships of 300 tons level. Scopes related in the regulation works include such four counties or cities as Shaoguan, Qujiang, Yingde and Qingxin. According to natural conditions of riverway, it is divided into such three sections as follow: a) Section from Shaoguan to Yingde, 102km long, is attributed to rivers in 3  mountain areas. b) Section from Yingde to Feilai Gorge complex, 52km long, belongs to Feilai gorge reservoir. c) Section from Feilai Gorge complex to Qingyuan, is 30km long. Major measures for Waterway Regulation Works on middle reaches of the Beijiang River include: building dams, dredging waterways, bombing down reefs and retaining riverbanks. Along the whole riverway, there are 41 dangerous shoals needing to be regulated, 226 dams of 46.71km long in total needing to be built. Besides, earthwork of 60. 47 X 104m3 needs to be dredged and there are 3 reefs to be bombed down. There is no migrating works needed in this project at all. Except that a little state-owned construction-used land and wasteland along river beaches needs to be taken into land acquisition, no cultivated land in village needs to be acquired in the project. 1.3 Regions Benefiting from the Project To regulate Lao-long-hu waterway will be of advantage to full play the integral advantages on shipping on Xijiang River, and will promote joint transportation through river and sea and will benefit the whole drainage area along the Xijiang River. Nowadays, shipping on Xijiang River is limited mainly in materials exchange among hinterland, only adapted for introverted and occluded economy. After completion of the project, former transportation situation will take radical changes, and joint transportation through river and sea will be realized to promote materials exchange between hinterland and foreign sides, and to promote economic exuberance in hinterland. Xijiang is the second biggest navigation river in our country, only inferior to Yangtse River. It runs 2214km long, across such four provinces or regions as Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Guangdong. In hinterland along the Xijiang River, the climate is mild and there is enough precipitation rain falls, abundant resource of water power and mineral. In drainage area along the river, it is abundant in such mine resources as coal, phosphor, sulfur and aluminum, as well as abundant timber, which will be carried down the river and exported from Yinzhou Lake harbor; and, imported materials can be transferred to regions in drainage area along the river. Not only can the project accelerate economic development in Xinhui city and migration towns nearby for improving Communications, but also it can promote economic 4  development in drainage area along the Xijiang and the Beijiang River. Lao-long-hu waterway regulation works will bring most benefits to Xinhui city. Taking advantages of conditions as a river port and migration hometown, Xinhui city is dedicating itself to develop port economy, using ports to drive economic and social development of the whole city. Construction of the waterway will facilitate materials transfer through Yinzhou Lake port which is planned in the program, and take full use of Yinzhou Lake as a deep water port, as well as it will promote the port construction of Yinzhou Lake. Then, the economic hinterland along Yinzhou Lake port will be extended to the whole drainage area of the Xijiang and Beijing River. Construction of the waterway will make Yinzhou Lake port be an important one in PRD, even in seaside regions of south China. If the communication between Yinzhou Lake and the Xijiang River relies only on Jiangmen waterway which is open to navigate ships of 500 tons level or on Lao-long-hu waterway which is still of low standard now, the function of Yinzhou Lake as a deep water port will be restricted, and the distance of transportation will be increased, which results in heavier transportation costs for shipping departments. Construction of the waterway will reduce the shipping distance among Hong Kong, Macau and PRD by 40km, so 80km for a total voyage. Regions benefiting from Xiniu works will be drainage area of The Lianjiang River which is in poor mountain areas of north Guangdong. Total area of the drainage area is about 10061 km2, and 77% of it is hill and mountain areas. Major hinterland of the drainage area is Lianzhou city, Yangshan County and Yingde city. The area can be radiated up to Guangdong Lianshan, Liannan County and abutting counties of Guangxi and Hunan. Climate of areas mentioned above can be attributed to a semi-tropical one. It is mild and has plenty of precipitation rain falls and abundant natural resources as a base of woods and mines resources in Guangdong province, but it is in great lake of communications infrastructures. For overlapping hills and mountains and obstacles in communications, economic resources are not in effective and full exploration and use in long term, which dropped local economy behind and resulted in low living standards. Among these areas, Yangshan, Liannan, Lianshan and Yingde are the most famous counties in Guangdong province for their poverty, with large amount of depressed villages and needy people. Many of these households have net average incomes below the poverty line of RMB1000. Therefore, to construct Xiniu navigation complex works, to realize the drenching and navigation along the whole side of The Lianjiang River, and to take into consideration the comprehensive 5  utilization of water resources such as flood prevention, electricity generation and irrigation works, will have very important meanings in constructing mountain areas and changing visage of these depressed regions. The other eleven rundles on The Lianjiang River have been drenched long ago, and Xiniu navigation complex is the last rundle in drenching exploitation on The Lianjiang River. So, to construct Xiniu navigation complex works will increase profits from investing in regulation works of eleven navigation complexes on upper reaches, Feilai Gorge complex works on lower reaches and waterway regulation works on lower reaches of Beijiang River. Regions benefiting directly from Waterway Regulation Works on middle reaches of the Beijiang River are Shaoguan and Qingyuan City, while Zhaoqing, Foshan and Guangzhou City will benefit indirectly from the works. There are abundant resources of mines and forests in drainage area along the Beijiang River. All through the ages, Beijiang River is a main water transportation artery communicating mountain areas of north Guangdong with PRD. Toward west from outfall on lower reaches of the Beijiang River and up long the Xijiang River, locate such cities as Zhaoqing and Wuzhou. The waterway regulation works from Qingyuan on the lower reaches of Beijiang River, to Sanshui outfall has been ongoing since 1996, and now it has been finished on the whole. In this way, ships of 300 tons level can reach main ports in PRD directly from Qingyuan, so there are obvious benefits of shipping. If to continue to regulate waterway from Shaoguan on the middle reaches of the Beijiang River to Qingyuan, and to make the whole line of 258km on the Beijiang River reach Fifth-class standard of Inner Waterway, will allow ships of 300 tons level to navigate through in the whole year. If such the three works as regulation works of eleven navigation complexes on The Lianjiang River, Feilai Gorge complex works and waterway regulation works from Qingyuan on lower reaches of the Beijiang River to Sanshui outfall are added into consideration, main waterways on the Beijiang River will be connected as a whole. By these, all kinds of water-carriage works will be in full and good use and the behind by-water transportation situation in mountain areas of north Guangdong will be improved greatly. Besides obvious shipping benefits, outstanding meanings for poverty alleviation and development are seen from Waterway Regulation Works on Beijiang River. Similar with Qingyuan region, Shaoguan region mainly consists of mountain areas, with large areas covered by limestone and high mountains. There are a large number of needy population and depressed towns all over the whole region. In these, there are 6  49 depressed towns, accounting for 30% of the total amount of towns in this region, and 396 depressed villages, accounting for 31% of total amount. In the region, traffic is very inconvenient. In some mountain areas, mountains are in front of the door and boats are necessary for going out. Therefore, on one hand, by regulating waterways on the Beijiang River, economic structure, investment environment and network of traffic and transportation by-water or overland in mountain areas will be improved; on the other hand, opportunities of social employment will be increased, and living standard in mountain areas will be raised. 1.4 Measures for Reducing Impacts of Migration and of the Project In the view of business owner, the purpose of waterway regulation project is, by amending network of traffic and transportation by water or on overland in nearby regions, to improve construction environment of local society, and to improve the level of local economic development. Then, the final purpose is to raise living standards in local society. Therefore, during the process of construction, factors causing negative effects on people's life should be under effective control and be reduced, especially occupation of cultivated land in rural areas should be restricted. By such means as planning scientifically, improving designing and broad public participation, impacts of the project on cultivated land will be decreased to a possible low level. 1.4.1 Measures Adopted in Lao-long-hu Works In middle of 2001, the project was in planning stage. At that time, by investigating and checking real materials, business owner and design unit proposed that during the process of project construction, as small amount of cultivated land as possible can be acquired, especially cultivated land in basic farmland protection zone; and greatest try should be taken to avoid acquiring orchards (lichee, longan) and mandarin fish ponds which have high added values, and land used temporarily should only be obtained from abandoned wasteland, billabongs and fishponds. During period from Oct. 2001 to Jan. 2002, the project was in initial designing phase. Taking into consideration the facts that lot of cultivated land has to be acquired in process of crooks-cutting works in Longquan village, business owner and design unit of the project did careful study on four recommended blueprints options. At last, options No. 3 was selected for its scientific attribute. 7  Table 2: Four Options of Crooks Straightening Options Radii of crooks Quantity of land straightening (meter) acquisition (mu) Options No.1 330 646 Options No.2 480 816 Options No.3 530 869 Options No.4 600 930 Option No.3 is recommended. Quantity of land acquisition in optiont No.3 is 60 mu less than that of option No.4. Because in these areas there are lots of fishponds and paddy fields, and also a little massif of 13 meters high with lichee trees planted. In option No.2, the little massif is crossed through, and it's necessary to move the massif and evacuate trees, so there are heavy tasks in the project. In order to decrease the impacts, it's decided to select option No.3, in which the massif will be bypassed, and technical demands will be met. In Longquan village, there are two banyan trees as old as 100 years in the scope of Xiaoqiezui. In order to protect the scarce visage in the village and to reduce the impacts, it is decided to widen the riverway on the other side. From March to May of 2002, business owner, design unit, municipal government of Xinhui and its underlying Bureau of Communications and Bureau of land and resources have negotiated and communicated for many times to solicit the opinions on project design and reducing the impacts of land acquisition. On May 24th 2002, investigation organization transferred the full project design and blue print about land acquisition to Villagers Committee of Longquan village, and convened a symposium including some villagers, and by studying the design blueprint and comparing it with the locale, let them know the scope of land acquisition and possible measures for recovery. The Committee and villagers were advised and encouraged to take positive participation, and to make some suggestions on the impacts of land acquisition and others. On June 12th 2002, in Muzhou town, investigation organization received Longquan village's suggestions on reducing the impacts of the project, and then transferred these suggestions to business owner and design unit. On July 16th 2002, representatives of business owner, design unit and investigation organization came to Xinhui municipal government to hold a negotiation meeting. Business owner accepted suggestions of representatives of villagers and 8  governors of the town government, and decided to modify the planning design. Finally, they decided that about 284.5 mu of land be acquired in the crooks-cutting works (land of about 71 mu used for building bridges are not included). In design of this blue print, land to be acquired is 584.5 mu less than that in the blue print of Oct. 2001. Till that time, impacts of land acquisition has been reduced to a minimal level when the project was in the planning phase. 1.4.2 Measures Adopted in Xiniu Works In the stage of studying the feasibility of the project, the design institution has such two schemes as upriver and downriver Liangzhou for dam's address. Business owner recommended upriver Liangzhou as the address, to avoid acquiring 50 mu of orchards in downriver Liangzhou, and reduce the impacts. In April 2002, in deciding the permanent land to be acquired for working and living, it was decided with Yingde and Xiniu Bureaus of Land and Resources that no basic farmland protection zone be acquired, and that greatest effort be made to reduce acquisition of paddy fields (which is the major foods resources for farmers in local region), and land to be acquired should be sandy land (or dry land) with poor cultivating conditions along The Lianjiang River. In previous time, these areas of land were bottomland scoured out by Lianjiang River. After farmers reclaimed this land, bamboo and corps able to bear dry weather are planted in this land. But the average output of per mu is much lower than that in nearby areas. Besides, quantity of construction-used land for working and living houses is under effective control of business owner and design unit. In selecting corresponding facilities, roads and pipe lines, it has been considered to reduce acquisition of farmland, and to use bottomland along river and land not used for cultivation. In June 2002, for the characteristic that farmland in such villages as Yuzui and Zhengnan tend to be submerged by floods, design unit had made on-the-spot survey for many times, and by many experiments, improved the design of dam's body and water storage in reservoir, which reduced the possibility of being submerged by floods by a large degree. In August 2002, it has been planned to rent about 463.3 mu land used temporarily in Xilian and Xiaowan village. Among this land, there is 205 mu of cultivated land, 53 mu of orchards and 96.2 mu of forest land. In order to reduce the impacts of occupying cultivated land, after negotiating with Bureau of Land and Resources, cadres of Villagers Committee and villagers' representatives, business owner and 9  design unit planned to rent less cultivated land, instead, to rent wasteland, sloping fields and bottomland along rivers without corps planted. By these means, more than 70% of land to be rented is that not fit for cultivating, which avoided the impacts of land renting on rural production on the whole. 1.5 Project Organizations and Preparation for Resettlement Action Plan 1.5.1 Project Organizations Business owner of the project: Guangdong Provincial Waterway Bureau (GPWB) is the business owner and executor of Guangdong Component of IWW4 Project of China. In-charge person of the project is Mr. Mai Zhiquan, head of GPWB. In October 2001, GPWB appointed its underlying Department of Integral Programming (head of the department is Mr. Mai Junjie) and Office of Projects Using World Band Loan (head of the office is Xiao Youji) as functional departments in charge of settling migrants in this project. The two departments and all of personnel mentioned above have much work experience, their participation in settlement work for migrants in Guangdong Component of IWW2 Project of China which started in 1996. Design unit of the project: Guangdong Institute of Waterway Survey and Design (GIWSD) is the organization responsible for reconnaissance and design. In the middle of 2000, the institute accepted the designing commission from business owner of the project, and in October 2001 finished primary investigation on villages, cultivated land and other buildings along riverside influenced by the project. Corporate representative of the design unit is Li Wanzheng, superintendent of the institute. Person who in charge of the work of survey and design in Lao-long-hu waterway regulation works is engineer Luo Jingsi, and person who in charge of the work of survey and design in Xiniu Navigation Complex on the Lianjiang River is engineer Zou Binsheng. Social impacts investigation organization of the project: Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences (GZASS). The academy is an institute for social science research with the most complete disciplines of academic subjects in Guangzhou, employing a set of researchers majoring in investigating on society, economy and culture. They have taken part in the work of preparing the settling plan for migrants and independently monitoring the settlement of some projects loaned from World Bank in Guangdong province. Projects they have taken part in include: compiling the settling plan for migrants and independently monitoring the settlement in north Guangdong section of Beiing-Zhuhai Freeway project, preparing the settling plan for migrants and 10  independently monitoring the settlement for migrants in Inner Loop Road project of Guangzhou center zone, independently monitoring the settlement for migrants in project of Fokai to Shengshan Freeway, investigating on social impacts and independently monitoring in project of Guangzhou-Foshan way out highway, independently monitoring the settlement for migrants in project of Road Network Regulation of Guangdong province, compiling the settling plan for migrants in Guangdong Component of IWW2 Project of China, etc. Person in charge of these investigations is associate research fellow Jia Yunping, an independent monitor. Preparation for Resettlement Action Plan: is finished jointly by Guangdong Provincial Waterway Bureau and Guangzhou Academic of Social Science. In-charge persons are associate research fellow Jia Yunping and engineer Wu Weijiang. Executive departments for Resettlement Action Plan: Lao-long-hu waterway regulation works is carried out by Xinhui Bureau of Communications, and Xiniu Navigation Complex on The Lianjiang River is carried out by Yingde Bureau of Land and Resources. In January 2002, after negotiating with Xinhui and Yingde municipal government, Guangdong Provincial Waterway Bureau appointed the Bureaus of Communications, Bureau of Land and Resources as executive departments of the two sub-projects in Resettlement Action Plan. Departments mentioned above have organized and carried out much dismantling and moving work of large scale, and they are executive departments appointed by municipal government for resettlement works in traffic road project. In-charge person of the project of Resettlement Action Plan appointed by Xinhui Bureau of Communications is Deputy Director General Ouyang Pingjian, and in-charge person of the project of Resettlement Action Plan appointed by Yingde Bureau of Land and Resources is Deputy Director General Qian Jinqin. 1.5.2 Preparation for Resettlement Action Plan A. Work Commission, Checkage and Ratification of Tasks' Scope On January 31st 2002, Project Office of Guangdong Provincial Waterway Bureau invited Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences to take part in compiling Resettlement Action Plan of Guangdong Component of IWW4 Project of China. On February 1st 2002, Jia Yunping and Liu Mengqin from Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences had a working conference in Guangdong Provincial Waterway Bureau with engineer Wu Weijiang from GDPW, and Luo Jingsi, Zhou Zuofu from design unit of the project, and they learned some basic information about the project from design unit, such as scope, towns, villages, enterprises and public facilities 11  influenced by the project. They borrowed design schemes and budget reports of the project from design unit to read, and confirmed the steps for compiling Resettlement Action Plan and information materials to be obtained by investigating. On February 2nd 2002, accompanied by Zhou Zuofu from design unit of the project, five investigators including Jia Yunping and Liu Mengqin paid an on-the-spot visit to works' scope (16km) of Lao-long-hu waterway by ship. Along the riverside, visitors got information about farmland, stoneyards and public facilities which may be influenced by crooks straightening and bank-expanding works, and compared practicality with records on shop drawings. Investigators also came specially to get to know measures for reducing acquisition of cultivated land in the designing process of the project. In Ning-meng-zhou of Longquan village of Muzhou town, investigators learned some information about land contracting and fishponds output from villagers such as Liu Ermin who engages himself in piscicultural business. On February 5th 2002, for the first time, investigators from GZASS reached the locale of Xiniu complex, accompanied by Mr. Yu from GPWB. During the investigation, they investigated both sides of the waterway on ship, and investigated sorts of land planned for acquisition and crops. They also had some discussion with farmers laboring at the locale. The investigators told some information about the construction to these farmers. On February 26th 2002, compilers of Resettlement Action Plan had a working conference in GZASS, to announce the situations after systematically organizing and analyzing data, and to discuss the working plans and syllabus for Resettlement Plan. It was preliminarily decided at the conference that, Jia Yunping would be responsible for studying out the framework of the resettlement policy, that Liu Mengqin and Miao Xingzhuang would be responsible for designing the survey, under the help of Wu Weijiang from GPWB. On March 19th 2002, Director of Project Office of GPWB Xiao Youji presided over a working conference, to make clear the responsibilities of all departments, and to determine the deadline when these works should be finished and in-charge persons of these works. He demanded that GZASS should submit Chinese version of the first draft of Resettlement Action Plan before July 31st 2002, and submit English version of the first draft before August 30th 2002. On April 15th 2002, Jia Yunping had a negotiation with Wu Weijiang on Commission Contract and quoting terms in Resettlement Action Plan of IWW4 12  Project, to make more clear the scope and period of the works. On May 8th 2002, GZASS and GPWB had a negotiation and compiled terms in Commission Contract for works of Resettlement Action Plan of the project, which basically determine the workload and outlays. On July 2nd 2002 the first part of fund for survey was paid by GPWB. B. Determine Link Men for Compiling Resettlement Plan after Negotiating with Local Governments. On February 5th 2002, Yingde municipal government held a coordinating meeting for land acquisition in project construction. About thirty people attended the meeting, and they are chair-persons of Bureaus of Land and Resources, Agriculture and Water Resources, Xiniu and Hanguang town. Business owner formally announced information about the project and scopes of land acquisition to local functional departments, and transferred the information to related Villagers Committees through these departments. GZASS reported to attendants the meanings, purposes and policies of compiling Resettlement Action Plan. Link men in local regions and leaders in charge of compiling Resettlement Action Plan are determined in this meeting. Yingde municipal government appointed Yingde Bureau of Land and Resources as executive department of resettlement, and Deputy Director General of the bureau Qian Jinqin will assist compiling Resettlement Plan. On February 7th 2002, Xinhui municipal government held a coordinating meeting for land acquisition and dismantling works in Bureau of Communications. Besides business owner design unit and compiler of Resettlement Action Plan, major chair-persons of Bureaus of Communications, Land and Resources, Water Resource and Muzhou, Gujin, Sanjiang town governments attended the meeting. Business owner and design unit introduced to attendants the basic information and scopes of land acquisition in the project. Compilers of Resettlement Plan introduced impacts of the project, World Bank's policies for settling non voluntary migrants, process for public participation and related contents, and then introduced their preparations for Resettlement Action Plan, and places where they need town governments' help. Chair-persons and link men of all departments were determined in the meeting, and the time of preparation progress of the project was also determined. On February 9th 2002, investigators went to Xinhui Bureau of Land and Resources to ask for compensation prices tables of land acquisition and collecting tables of all kinds of taxes and expenses which were publicized by Xinhui municipal 13  government. Standards of prices and taxes mentioned above are formulated according to the new Law of State Land and Resources and have been put into practice for more than two years in local regions, with full publicity and transparence. Besides the state consolidated taxes and expenses for land acquisition, such other expenses as expenses for construction of town-owned and village-owned farmland and special funds for transition from agriculture to non-agriculture are also included. Jia Yunping had a discussion with personnel from Division of Land Use of Bureau of Land and Resources on the necessity and rationality of local charge On February 10th 2002, investigators went to Muzhou and Gujin town government, and had a meeting with personnel from Sector of Land and Resources, to learn information about land been acquired in local regions, customary methods for compensating and settling villagers. Mr. Ye Ruiquan and Lin Xiaoqiu provided some important files and data to GZASS. On February 2002, Jia Yunping and Liu Mengqin made an oral report to GPWB on recent investigation about customary methods for settling villagers after land acquisition in village, and made an account on compensation prices of land acquisition in local regions. C. Consulting & Training On March 5th 2002, GPWB provided the compendium of Resettlement Action Plan of IWW4 Project. From March 13th to 15th 2002, a conference for Guangdong Component of IWW4 Project of China was held in Hubin Hotel. On the problem of migrants resettlement in IWW4, Mr. Zhang Chaohua, World Bank's professor of Resettlement, made a systematic introduction of Worjd Bank's policies and goals for settlement. Mr. Zhang advised to compile Resettlement Action Plan sub-project by sub-project, and then to compile a total Resettlement Action Plan of the whole project. Mr. Zhang demanded business owner and GZASS to compile report on estimation of social impacts, report on Regulation Works on middle reaches of the Beijiang River and report on effects of poverty alleviation in Xiniu complex on the Lianjiang River. During the meeting, on problems of demands for compiling, methods for investigating, and some technical problems in reports mentioned above, Mr. Zhang made his training speech to personnel of GPWB and GZASS. On April 1st 2002, GZASS provided some materials such as outlines for works of surveying social impacts, questionnaire for surveying residents' households in 14  Guangdong component IWW4 Project, syllabus for interviewing enterprises under impacts and questionnaire for investigating residents' attitudes toward the project to GPWB, to ask for suggestions on amending, and asked Project Office to transfer these materials to Mr. Zhang Chaohua of World Bank. On April 16th 2002, persons including Jia Yunping went to Training Center of provincial Department of Communications to consult Mr. Yin and Mr. Yuan about compensation policies of the state for land used in traffic project, especially some problems on reduction and exemption of tax and expense. At the same day, they consulted professionals of provincial Department of Land and Resources on the same problems. On April 24th 2002, Jia Yunping of GZASS went to Yingde Bureau of Land and Resources to learn something from Deputy Director General Qian Jinqin, including average output per mu of all kinds of farmland in near three years, compensation prices of land acquisition and compensation standards for land acquisition in previous years. They also learned the characteristics of labor forces resettlement and measures for production recovery after land acquisition in projects of previous years. Deputy Director General Qian Jinqin provided some important files and data. To an elementary degree, representatives of both sides had a negotiation on the resettlement scheme of land acquisition. In April 2002, Mr. Zhang Chaohua, World Bank's professor of Resettlement, sent an e-mail to provide some advices for modifying the working outlines of social impacts assessment survey submitted by GZASS. In May 2002, after modified, manuscripts of working outlines and questionnaire of social impacts survey were formally finalized.. On May 31st 2002, Zhou Daming, professor of Anthropology Department of Zhongshan University, was consulted on the problem of investigating in village community. D. Information about Resettlement Was Transferred to Villagers Committees, and Villagers Were Called Together to Make Suggestions. On May 20, a visit was paid to Xiniu town government. Mr. Ma, head of Sector of Land and Resources and Mr. Wang from Political Office of CPC introduced and provided information about population, land, enterprises owned by villages and town, employees' income in Xiniu town and some statistic data about some Villagers Committees. Mr. Ma made an introduction about positive and negative effects caused 15  by the project on local regions, and transmitted Villagers Committees' opinions. In the morning of May 21, a visit was paid to Xilian Villagers Committee. Mr. Zhang Dehua, Secretary of the Committee, convened a working conference including six Villagers Groups, and about twenty representatives attended the conference. GZASS reported the detailed information about construction of the project, land used in the project and compiling of Resettlement Action Plan, and introduced the policies and goals for settlements. Villagers' Representatives introduced their supporting opinions for construction of the project, and they expressed their hopes for a good settlement plan and enough compensation. After the conference, they interviewed three households. From afternoon of May 21 to morning of May 22, a visit was paid to Xiaowan Villagers Committee, and Hetou and Xinwu Group. Conference situation was the same as in Xilian village. In the morning of May 22, a visit was paid to Hanguang town government. Mr. Chen, Co-head of sector of Land and Resources and Mr. Wang made introduction on society, economy, population of the town and enterprises of village or town-owned. Mr. Chen led to Yuzui village. Mr. Xie, Secretary of the Committee, convened a working conference including six Villagers Groups in Huaba elementary school, and more than twenty representatives attended the conference. GZASS reported to villagers information about the project, scopes of reservoir to be submerged, impacts on Yuzui village, policies goals and primary measures for settlement. Villagers expressed their strong support to construction of the project and made many suggestions on settlement. On May 23rd 2002, Xinhui Bureau of Communications was visited, and a discussion on problem of coordinating in investigating villages' households, enterprises, public facilities and grass root units in villages was made with Mr. Liu Jianxiong. On May 24th 2002, a visit was paid to Muzhou town government. A meeting was held with Ye Ruiquan, Co-head of the town, Mr. Liao Binliang, head of Sector of Land and Resources, and Mr. Lin Qiuxiao from the town Economy Management station to introduce the information about the survey on social impacts to be started, and to collect statistic data about the town's society and economy, stoneyards commission contract, distribution scheme of public facilities in construction scopes and enterprises along riverside. 16  On the same day, Longquan Villagers Committee was paid a visit to for the first time. Most of land to be acquired is in this village. Major chair-persons of the committee, accountant, and commissary of Water Resources, link-man of Xikeng Group and brickyard's representatives were called together to a working conference. It was the first time that villagers were announced information about Lao-long-hu waterway works, and, land and fishponds in Longquan village to be acquired. Longquan rice factory was visited, and employees of the factory were convened to have a discussion. On June 2nd 2002, an test interview was paid to five households engaged in breeding shrimps in Xikeng Group of Longquan village. When interviewers back to Guangzhou, survey outlines and questionnaire were modified for the last time. Final work arrangement of the investigation in villages and stoneyards in Gujin and Sanjiang were determined, and plans for training for interviewers were studied out. E. Compensation Schemes for Land Acquisition and Settlement Were Modified, According to Enterprises' Personnel and Villagers' Opinions. In the morning of June 3rd 2002, a visit was paid to Gujin town. And, a working conference including Mr. Li, head of the town, Mr. Wu, a member of standing committee of CPC committee in the town, Mr. Liang from sector of Land and Resources and Mr. Chen from Management Station of Mine Resources was held, emphasized to get information about six mineyards near Longshankou, commission contracts and employment information of every yard. In the afternoon of June 3rd 2002, a visit was paid to Wangshan joint stoneyard. Mr. Liang Zhihui, Manager of the yard, was consulted on estimated loss of the yard and expected compensation objective, and was negotiated with on problems about docks rebuilding; shortest time for production recovery; contracts carry-out and employees settlement during period of production break. A visit was paid to Longshankou stoneyard too. Information about employees' welfare, engagement, and operating term, production scale, and ration in contracts of the yard was also obtained. In the afternoon of June 4th 2002, in South Longquan River Brickyard, information about bricks' per month output, monthly wages, bricks transportation and usage of simple docks was obtained through a person from Shunde, named Mr. Su, boss of the yard, and Mr. Liu and Chen, rural workers from Sichuan Province. Longquan knitting bag factory was also visited, to get information about employment 17  of non-agricultural villagers. On June 1 lh 2002, together with Mr. Chen Zitong, deputy director general of GPWB and Mr. Luo Jingsi, engineer of design unit, investigators went to Xinhui Bureau of Communications to hold a meeting for coordinating land acquisition among all towns, and to further learn the characteristics of compensation for production in local regions, and measures for adjusting settlement schemes. In the morning of June 12h 2002, a discussion meeting was held in Xikeng Group of Longquan village, to learn information about fishponds contracting in the village, to learn customary methods for settling villagers after cultivated land were acquired, to learn possibility and frequency of adjusting cultivated land, to learn compensation prices of land acquisition in previous years, to learn Villagers Committee's management and usage of funds for land acquisition in previous years, to learn information about the percentage of incomes from crop-planting and shrimp-breeding to total incomes of the village's economy and total villagers households' incomes, and to learn process of solving conflicts and lawsuits about compensation for land acquisition. F. Social Impacts Survey and In-door Interview on Information about Residents' Households Were Started. On June 18 , in Xilian, Yuzui and Xiaowan village, in-door investigators were taught on questionnaire and outlines for surveying work, and demonstrative interview were made. From afternoon of June 18' to 25th, in-door investigations on residents under impacts of Xiniu Complex on the Lianjiang River were started. At the same time, it was started to check public facilities under impacts. From June 25'h to 28dh of 2002, it was started to make in-door investigations on households under impacts of Lao-long-hu Works, to interview employees of Longshankou stoneyard and south Longquan River brickyard, and under the help of Water-Power Electricity group of Muzhou town and the Economy Management Stations, to make investigating registration for all water irrigation facilities on river section of the works. In the morning of June 27 h, accompanied by Director Xie, investigators went to Yuzui Villagers Committee, and reached the place submerged by floods in Hua dam. On the spot, villagers were called together, to learn information about income from crop-planting as a percentage of total income, and to ask for opinions on settlement 18  and compensation schemes. A villager, Mr. Jiang thought that labor-force export was the best method to increase income, but not land adjustment. A visit was also paid to Xilian village. In upriver and downriver Liangzhou, Mr. Zhang, Secretary of Villagers Committee, and villagers of Zhangwu and Shangwei Group were interviewed. The situation was the same with that in Yuzui village. Investigators went to Xiaowan Villagers Committee. Mr. Zeng Siquan, Deputy Director of the committee, convened some villagers to have a meeting. The situation was the same with that mentioned above. Then, investigators had an around look on the locales where collective economic organization of the committee were purchasing vegetables. On July lSt 2002, it was started and last for a week to make a check, data input and statistic analysis on all of questionnaire and forms. On July 2nd 2002, the framework for Resettlement Action Plan of the project was determined. On July 8'h 2002, a meeting was held in Longquan Villagers Committee to ask the committee for advices on compensation and settlement for land acquisition. On the spot of land acquisition, by discussing with households engaged in shrimp-breeding on what they would do after their land were acquired, investigators learned the degrees of their acceptance for settlement and compensation standards, and learned villagers' advices on management and usage in compensation funds for land acquisition. On July 161h 2002, by going to Xinhui municipal government with Mr. Cheng Zitong, Deputy Director General, Luo Jingsi, engineer of design unit and engineer Wu Weijiang, investigators negotiated with them again on problems on land acquisition and dismantling. It was decided in the meeting to adjust the design and to reduce land acquisition to the lowest level. G. First Draft of Resettlement Plan Was Submitted. On July 19h, social impacts assessment report were finished(first draft). On July 22nd, reports on effects of poverty alleviation of the project (the Beijiang River and Xiniu) were finished. On July 25th, first draft of Resettlement Action Plan of Guangdong Component IWW4 Project of China and first drafts of all sub-projects were finished. On July 28th, all of the six reports (first draft) were delivered to Planning and Financial Division of GPWB. 19  2 Socioeconomic Situations in Project Area Regions which the construction will be in and will be influenced by the project are Muzhou and Gujin town in Xinhui city, Xiniu and Hanguang town in Yingde city. Eleven Villagers Committees are included in the scope to be under impacts. 2.1 Nature, Society and Economy Background of Regions Involved in the Project Lao-long-hu waterway locates within the boundaries of Xinhui city Guangdong province. Xinhui city was renamed as a city from a county in October 1992. The city 2 covers an area of 1,679 km , with a population of 870,000. The city is famous as a hometown of overseas Chinese in Guangdong, for about 800,000 overseas Chinese and compatriots in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan are from the city. The city has jurisdiction over 21 towns, with municipal government in Huicheng town. Xinhui city lies in middle-south Guangdong, or west PRD. Terrain of the city slopes from northwest to southeast. Physical feature of northwest and south of the city is upland, and that of middle of the city is flatland. About 65 percent of the total area is plain. Shizitou peak, the highest peak of Gudou Mountain lying in southwest of the city, stands 982 meters high above sea level, and is known as the highest peak of the city. The Xijiang River runs through east of the city, while the Tanjiang River runs from west to east of the city, turning south near Huicheng, and flows into the sea at Yamen. The city lies in south subtropics, with an average temperature of 21.8 "C in a whole year, 13.4