China - Gansu and Xinjiang Pastoral Development Project : environmental impact assessment (Vol. 1 of 7) : Xingiang Environmental management and monitoring plan

E614 Volume I .GANSU/XINJIANG DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT For INTEGRATED CHINA PASTORAL DEVELOPMENT FILEC PYU3   Table of Contents I Introduction and Project Background .................................................. 1 . 1. 1.1 Purpose of the Report 1 2. 1.2 Brief Introduction to the EA Report 1 1.2.1 Importance of the Project ...................................................1 1.2.2 Structure of the Report ...................................................2 3. 1.3 Bases of Assessment 2 1.3.1 Laws and Regulations ...................................................2 1.3.2 Technical Documents ....................................................3 1.3.3 Main Design Documents ...................................................3 4. 1.4 Principles of Environmental Assessment 4 5. 1.5 Relationship to Feasibility Study 5 6. 1.6 EA Teamn 6 7. 1.7 Assessment Scope and Periods Covered 6 1.7.1 Assessment Scope ...................................................6 1.7.2 Periods Covered ...................................................7 8. 1.8 Assessment Factors 7 9. 1.9 Assessment Focus and Categorization 8 10. 1.10 Assessment Criteria 11 11. 1.11 Assessment Focus and Categorization 11 12. 1.12 Assessment Procedure 12 2 Policy, Legislation & Administration Framework ................................................. 13 13. 2.1 Organizations & Administrative Framework 13 14. 2.2 National Policy & Strategy for Environmental Protection 13 15. 2.3 WB Requirements 14 3 Project Description ................................................. 16 16. 3.1 Project Goals 20 17. 3.2 Project Objectives 20 18. 3.3 Project Components 20 3.3.1 Grassland Management Component .................................................. 21 3.3.2 Livestock Production Improvement Component ........................................ 21 3.3.3 Market Systems Development Component ................................................. 22 3.3.4 Applied Research, Training, and Extension Component ........................... 23 19. 3.4 Indicators of Project Success23 20. 3.5 Project Area 24 3.5.1 Gansu Province .................................................. 24 3.5.2 XUAR .................................................. 24 21. 3.6 Project Implementation Schedule 25 22. 3.7 Project Investment 26 4 Description of Existing Environment .27 23. 4.1 Physical Environment, Gansu 27 4.1.1 Topography ....... 27 4.1.2 Soil ....... 27 4.1.3 Climate ....... 28 4.1.4 Hydrology ....... 28 4.1.5 Surface Water Quality ................. 33 4.1.6 Groundwater Quality ................. 34 4.1.7 Atmospheric Environment ................. 35 24. 4.2 Ecological Environment, Gansu 35  4.2.1 Flora ........................................ 35 4.2.2 Fauna ........................................ 35 4.2.3 .Nature reserves ........................................ 36 4.2. 4 Soil Erosion and Water and Soil Conservation ........................................ 37 25. 4.3 Socio-cultural Environrnent, Gansu 37 4.3.1 Population .37 4.3.2 Cultural Background .38 4.3.3 Public Health .39 4.3.4 Cultural Heritage .39 4.3.5 Scenic Spots and Tourism .39 4.3.6 Infrastructure .40 4.3.7 Land Tenure and Land Ownership .40 4.3.8 Land Use and Farming/herding Practices .40 4.3.9 Other Employment/Manufacturing Opportunities .46 4.3.10 Socio-economic Development Plan .46 26. 4.4 Physical Environrent, XUAR 46 4.4.1 Topography .............. 46 4.4.2 Soils .47 4.4.3 Climate .S0 4.4.4 Hydrology .50 4.4.5 Surface Water Quality .56 4.4.6 Groundwater Quality .57 4.4.7 Air Quality .59 27. 4.5 Ecological Environment, XUAR 59 4.5.1 Flora ........................................ 59 4.5.2 Fauna ................ 61 4.5.3 Nature Reserves ................ 61 4.5.4 Soil Erosion and Water and Soil Conservation ........................................ 63 28. 4.6 Social and Cultural Environrent, XUAR 64 4.6.1 Population .64 4.6.2 Cultural Background .65 4.6.3 Public Health .65 4.6.4 Cultural Heritage .66 4.6.5 Scenic Spots and Tourism .66 4.6.6 Infrastructure .66 4.6.7 Land Tenure and Land Ownership .66 4.6.8 Land Use and Farming/herding Practices .66 4.6.9 Other Employment/Manufacturing Opportunities .70 4.6.10 Employment Opportunities .74 4.6.11 Socio-economic Development Plan .74 5 Public Participation .76 29. 5.1 Consultation Method and Subject 76 5.1.1 Consultation with Family or Individual .76 5.1.2 Inter-agency and NGO Consultation .76 30. 5.2 Public Opinion and Suggestion 77 31. 5.3 Infomation Disclosures and Feedback 77 5.1.3 Information Disclosure Plan of the PPMOs .78 32. 5.4 Beneficial Participation Plan 78 33. 5.5 Summary of Public Participation 78 6 Analysis of Altematives ........................................ 80 34. 6.1 Analysis of "Without Project" Altemative 80 vii  6.1.1 Current Status of Natural Grasslands ................................. 80 6.1.2 Current Status of Pen-fed Livestock Development andfodder production80 6.1.3 Existingfeeding status, of sheep and dairy cattle .81 6.1.4 Present breed quality of sheep and dairy cattle ................................. 82 6.1.5 Existing constraints with Market Development .82 6.1.6 Present status of applied research, extension and training .82 35. 6.2 Analysis of "With Project" Altemative 82 7 Analysis of Environmental Impacts & Proposed Mitigation Measures .. 84 36. 7.1 Potential Sources of Effect 84 37. 7.2 Analysis of Environmental Impact & Proposed Mitigation Measures in implementation & Construction Phase, Gansu 85 7.2.1 Flora and Fauna .86 7.2.2 Soil Erosion .87 7.2.3 Acoustic Environment .87 7.2.4 Air Quality ........... 88 7.2.5 Cultural Heritage .89 38. 7.3 Analysis of Environmental Impact & Proposed Mitigation Measures in implementation & Construction Phase, XUAR 90 39. 7.4 Analysis of Environmental Impacts & Proposed Mitigation Measures During Project Operation in Gansu 90 7.4.1 Semi-Pastoral Livestock Development Model .90 7.4.2 Semi-pastoral and semi-agricultural Livestock Development Model . 95 7.4.3 Intensive (pen-fed) Livestock Development Model .100 7.4.4 Diary Cattle project .103 40. 7.5 Analysis of Environmental Impacts & Proposed Mitigation Measures in XUAR 108 7.5.1 Semi-Pastoral Livestock Development Model .108 7.5.2 Intensive (mainly pen-fed) Agriculture Based Livestock Development Model 115 41. 7.6 Analysis of Environmental Impacts & Proposed Mitigation Measures for common environmental problems 118 7.6.1 Feed Processing ..119 7.6.2 Feedlots ............................... 119 7.6.3 Wool Packing ..120 7.6.4 Laboratory Chemical and Sewage Disposal .120 7.6.5 Disposal of Dead Animals . .121 42. 7.7 Environrnental Risk Assessment 121 8 Environmental Management Plan . . .124 43. 8.1 Implementation Organizations and Responsibilities 124 8.1.1 Implementation Organizations ..125 8.1.2 Role of PMO and Environmental Monitors .128 8.1.3 Supervision Organization ..129 8.1.4 Environmental Management Plan . .129 8.: ..134 44. 8.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan, Gansu 142 viii  8.2.1 Monitoring Items ................................. 142 8.2.2 Monitoring Implementer .. ............................... 142 8.2.3 Monitoring Report System .. ............................... 142 8.2.4 Pre-implementation Monitoring (Baseline data) . ......................... 142 8.2.5 Monitoring during implementation/construction . ................................1 43 8.2.6 Monitoring during Operation ................................. 144 8.2.7 Monitoring Budget .. ............................... 144 45. 8.3 Enviror nental Monitoring Plan, XUAR 145 8.3.1 Monitoring Items .. ............................... 145 8.3.2 MonitoringImplementer .. ............................... 145 8.3.3 Monitoring Report System .. ............................... 146 8.3.4 Pre-implementation Monitoring (Baseline data) . ......................... 146 8.3.5 Monitoring during implementation/construction . ......................... 147 8.3.6 Monitoring during Operation ................................. 148 8.3.7 Monitoring Budget .. ............................... 148 46. 8.4 Environmental Training/lnstitutional Strengthening Plan 149 8.4.1 Training Objectives ..149 8.4.2 Training Courses, Gansu . .149 8.4.3 Training Courses, XUAR . . 150 47. 8.5 Budgets, Gansu 150 48. 8.6Budgets,XUAR 151 9 Conclusions and Reconmnendations . . .153 49. 9.1 Major Conclusions 153 9.1.1 Selection of Project Areas ..153 9.1.2 Environmental Impact Analysis and Mitigation Measures .. 153 50. 9.2Reconmnendations 154 9.2.1 Follow-up Program ..154 9.2.2 Public Participation ..154 9.2.3 Further Suggestions and Environmental Requirements . .155 10 List of References ........... 156 ix  List Of Tables TABLE I-1 PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION MATRIX FOR MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FACTORS OF IPDP ...............................................................9 TABLE 3-1 PROJECT COUNTY DISTRIBUTION AND PRODUCTION SYSTEM ............................ 24 TABLE 3-2 PROJECT COUNTY DISTRIBUTION AND PRODUCTION SYSTEM ............................ 25 TABLE 4-1 THE CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT AREAS IN GANSU PROVINCE30 TABLE 4-2 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RIVERS IN GANSU PROJECT AREA ....................... 32 TABLE 4-3 GROUNDWATER WATER TABLE CHANGE IN GANSU PROVINCE ............................. 33 TABLE 44 SURFACE WATER QUALITY IN THE PROJECT AREA IN GANSU PROVINCE ............... 34 TABLE 4-5 IMPORTANT NATURE RESERVES RELATED TO THE PROJECT COUNTIES .................. 37 TABLE 4-7 THE POPULATION OF THE PROJECT COUNTY IN GANSU PROVINCE ....................... 38 TABLE 4-7 LAND USE STATUS N GANSU PROVINCE ........................................................... 40 TABLE 4-8 LAND USE STATUS IN THE PROJECT COUNTIES IN GANSU PROVINCE .................. 41 TABLE 4-9 TYPES AND AREA OF GRASSLAND IN GANSU PROVINCE .................................... 41 TABLE4-10 STATUSOFGRASSLAND RESOURCESINPROJECTCOUNTIESIN GANSU ........... 42 TABLE 4-11 PROJECT COUNTY/FARM IN GANSU .............................................................. 43 TABLE 4-12 BALANCE SHEET OF GRASS AND LIVESTOCK IN GANSU PROJECT AREAS ........ 44 TABLE 4-13 TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF XUAR .............................................................. 47 TABLE 4-14 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL IN THE PLAIN AND MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF XUAR ............................................................................................................................................ 47 TABLE4-15 CLIMATECHARACTERISTICSOF MAJORPROJECTAREASIN XUAR ................ 50 TABLE 4-16 CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPORTANT RIVERS iN THE XUAR PROJECT AREAS ..... 52 TABLE 4-17 SURFACE WATER DISTRIBUTION OF MAJOR RIVER BASINS, XUAR PROJECT AREAS .............................................................. 53 TABLE 4-18 CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPORTANT LAKES IN THE PROJECT AREAS .................... 54 TABLE 4-19 GROUNDWATER TABLE CHANGE TENDCY IN XUAR ........................................ 54 TABLE 4-20 NATURAL SHALLOW GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN THE PROJECT AREAS OF XUAR ............................................................... 56 TABLE4-21 WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENTOF MAJOR RIVERSBASINSINPROJECT AREAS, XUAR ............................................................... 57 TABLE 4-22 GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF MAJOR RIVER BASINS IN PROJECT AREAS, XUAR ........................................................................................................................................... 58 TABLE 4-23 THE NATURE RESERVES IN THE PROJECT COUNTIES, XUAR ........................... 62 TABLE 4-24 POPULATION STATUS IN PROJECT AREAS IN XUAR ......................................... 65 TABLE 4-25 LAND USE IN XUAR ............................................................... 67 TABLE 4-26 LAND USE SITUATION IN THE PROJECT AREAS IN XUAR .................................. 68 TABLE 4-27 GRASSLAND RESOURCES IN PROJECT COUNTIES/FARMS IN XUAR ................. 71 TABLE 4-28 TYPES OF GRASSLAND IN XUAR ....................................... ........................ 72 TABLE 4-29 GRASS YIELD OF DIFFERENT GRASSLAND TYPES .............................................. 73 TABLE 4-30 GRAZING CAPACITY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF GRASSLAND IN XUAR ............... 74 TABLE 7-1 ESTIMATED NOISE VALUE OF CONSTRUCnON MACHINERY ................................ 88 TABLE7-2 PESTICIDEAPPLICATIONIN PROJECTAREASIN GANSU ..................................... 93 TABLE 7-3 TOTAL ANNUAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN PROJECT AREAS IN GANSU ............ 93 TABLE 7-4 PESTICIDE APPLICATION IN PROJECT AREAS IN GANSU ...................................... 99 TABLE 7-5 FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN PROJECT AREAS IN GANSU ..................................... 99 TABLE 7-6 PESTICIDE APPLICATION IN PROJECT AREAS IN GANSU ................................... 102 TABLE 7-7 FERTiLIZER APPLICATION IN PROJECT AREAS IN GANSU .................................. 102 TABLE 7-8 PESTICIDE APPLICATION IN PROJECT AREAS IN XUAR ................................... 114 TABLE 7-9 ANNUAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN PROJECT AREAS IN XUAR ........... .......... 114 TABLE 7-10 ASSESSMENT RISKS TO PROJECT OPERATION .................................................. 123 TABLE 8-1 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN, IPDP, CHINA ........................................... 130 x  TABLE 8-2 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR IPDP, CHINA .................................. 134 TABLE 8-3 CONSTRUCTION AIR QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAM .................................. 143 TABLE 8-4 NOISE MONITORING PROGRAM DURING CONsTRuCTION ................................ 143 TABLE 8-5 COST ESTIMATION OF ENVIRONMENT MONITORING OF GANSU PROVINCE ...... 145 TABLE 8-6 CONSTRUCTION AIR QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAM ................................. 147 TABLE 8-7 NOISE MONITORING PROGRAM DURING CONSTRUCTON ................................ 147 TABLE 8-8 COST ESTIMATION OF ENVIRONMENT MONITORING OF XUAR ....................... 148 TABLE 8-9 SALARY COST OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION STAFF OF PMOS, GANSU ....... 150 TABLE 8-10 COST FOR ENVIRONMENT TRAINING IN GANSU ............................................ 150 TABLE8-1 1 TOTAL COST ESTIMATION FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN OF GANSU ............................................................................................................... 151 TABLE 8-12 SALARY COST OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION STAFF OF PMOS, XUAR ..... 151 TABLE 8-13 COST FOR ENVIRONMENT TRAINING IN XUAR ............................................. 152 TABLE8-14 TOTAL COST ESTIMATION FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN OF XUAR ..................... ......... 152 xi  List of Figures FIG I -1 ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES FOR THE EA OF IPDP ...................................................... 12 FIG 2-1 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENTALADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 15 FIG 3-1 MAP OF TWO PROJECT PROVINCES ......................... ..................................... 16 FIG 3-2 MAP OF THE PROJECT COUNTIES IN GANSU PROVINCE ........................... ..................... 17 FIG 3-3 MAP OF THE PROJECT COUNTIES IN XUAR .............................................................. 18 FIG 4-2 SOIL TYPES IN XINJIANG .............................................................. 48 FIG 4-3 MAP OF WATER RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION IN XINJIANG ...................... ....................... 55 FIG 4-4 VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION IN XINJIANG .............................................................. 60 FIG 8-1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION DURING CONSTRUCTION STAGE ... 127 FIG 8-2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION DURING OPERATION STAGE .......... 127 FIG 8-3 MONITORING REPORT CHART, GANSU .............................................................. 143 FIG 8-4 MONITORING REPORT CHART, XUAR .............................................................. 147 12   List of Abbreviations AHB Animal Husbandry Bureau BOD Biological Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CPMO County Project Management Office CRAES China Research Academy of Environmental Sciences DO Dissolved Oxygen EA Environmental Assessment EC Electrical Conductivity EDC Ecological Demonstration County EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental Monitoring Station EP Environmental Protection EPB Environmental Protection Bureau FS Feasibility Study Gansu Gansu Province IFA International Fund Association IPDP Integrated Pastoral Development Project Masl Meters Above Sea Level MOA Ministry of Agriculture PEMO Provincial Environmental Management Office PLG Project Leading Group PPMO Provincial Project Management Office PRC Peoples Republic of China SEI Significant Environmental Issue SDPC China State Development and Planning Commission SEPA State Enviromnental Protection Agency TSS Total Suspended Solids TSP Total Suspended Particulates WB World Bank TOR Terms of References XUAR Xinjiang-Uyghur Autonomous Region Exchange Rate US$ 1.0 = RMBY 8.26 (As of March 31,2002) 13   Executive Summary The Integrated Pastoral Development Project (IPDP), a World Bank loan project, is a livestock development project, formally authorized by the China State Development and Planning Commission in 2002. The project was originally proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1998 as a fine wool sheep development project to seek for loan from the World Bank. The total investment of project is US $150 million, of which US$ 100 million will be from the World Bank loan. The proposed IPDP aims at improving the livelihood of the herders and livestock farmers in the project areas in Gansu Province (Gansu) and Xinjiang-Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) through establishment of integrated, demand driven, and sustainable livestock production systems (including market systems). The project is also hope to be viewed by non-project counties as a demonstration project and other interested parties could use project's findings with regards to sustainable development of livestock project in their own development systems. The project also aims at improving the overall living standards of farmers and herders overall through improving natural grasslands, developing artificial grasslands, upgrading the quality of fine wool and mutton sheep, and establishing marketing and technological extension systems suitable to the development of livestock sector. In Gansu, the project covers 14 counties/cities in nine prefectures, one corporation and two farms that are managed by the Gansu Provincial Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau. Sunan and Huangcheng Sheep Stock Farm will focus on the development of fine wool sheep, while development of mutton sheep will be the main project activity in Zhangye, Wuwei, Yongchang, Dingxi, Jingyuan, Linxia, Kangle and the provincial livestock and poultry breeding farm. Jiuquan, Lintao, Hovill Group, Lintan and Dingxi will feature dairy cattle. In XUAR, Project areas include 32 counties eight prefectures, and 3 sheep breeding farms in Gongnaisi, Tacheng and Bazhou. With the exception of project counties in Yili prefecture, most other counties in XUAR are mainly involved in mutton sheep production. The annual average temperature in Gansu varies between 0.2