China - Fourth Inland Waterways Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 8 of 10) : Laolonghu navigational channel environmental impact assessment report

E788 V. 8 May, 2003 For Laolonghu Navigational Cha"dezLRegula4iUni Project Downstream of West River in Guangdong Province, Supported by World Bank Loan Report of Environmental Impact Assessment Scientific Research Institute of the Pearl River Water Resources Protection May, 2003 Af M  Construction Department: Guangdong Navigational Bureau (GDWB) Head of Bureau: Mai Zhiquan (Director) Project Coordinator in Chief: Chen Zichao (Deputy Director) Technical Coordinator in Chief: Wu Xianbi (Deputy Director, Chief Engineer) Manage Coordinator: Xiao Youji (Head of Foreign Fund Manage Office) Project Coordinator: Chen Qian(Foreign Fund Manage Office) Address: 195 Yuanjiang Rd. Guangzhou Tel: (86-20)83399236 83334810-1312 Zip: 510115 Fax: (86-20) 83323084  Undertaken by: The Scientific Research Institute of the Pearl River Water Resources Protection Head of Institute: Wu Yadi (Director, Senior Engineer) Technical Coordinator: Li Xueling (Chief Engineer, Seniov. Engineer (Professor level)) Head of Research Branch: Liu Xinyuan (Branch head, Senior Engineer) Project Coordinator: Wang Dakui (Engineer) Address: Tianshou Rd. Tianhe, Guangzhou Tel: (86-20)87117213 87117790 Zip: 510611 Fax: (86-20) 38809952  EIA Report for Laolonghu Waterway Regulation Project Contents 1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................1 1.1 OVERVIEW OF PROPOSED PROJECT . ......................................................... I 1.2 TH4E OBJECTIVE AND BASIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ...............................................3 1.2.1 Objective of environmental assessment .........................................................3 1.2.2 Laws, regulations and documents ........................................................4 1. 2.3 Technical specifications .........................................................6 1.3 STANDARDS OF ASSESSMENT AND STANDARDS OF POLLUTANTS CONTROL .............................7 1.3.1 Surface water ...................... ..7 1.3.2 Noise ...................... 9 1.3.3 Air ...................... 10 1.3.4 River-bed sediment and soil ...................... 11 1.4 GRADE, CLASSIFICATION, FOCUS AND SCOPE OF THE ASSESSMENT ..................................... 11 1. 4.1 Grade of the Assessment ...................................................... 11 1.4.2 Classification of assessment ....................................................... 12 1.4.3 Focal points of assessment ...................................................... 13 1.4.4 The scope of assessment ...................................................... 13 1.5 ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE LOCATIONS AND PROTECTION TARGETS ............... ................ 1 7 1.5.1 Ecological environment ...................................................... 17 1.5.2 Water environment ....................................................... 17 1.5.3 Air and Noise ....................................................... 1 7 1.5.4 Earth resources ...................................................... 17 1.6 ASSESSMENT TIECI-INIQUES ....................................................... 1 8 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND ENGINEERING ANALYSIS ............................ .............. 19 2.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................... 1 9 2.1.1 Project Name and Nature ...................................................... 19 2.1.2 Existing conditions of the navigational channel ...................................................... 19 2.1.3 Construiction scale and design standards ...................................................... 19 2.1.4 Principle and measures of regulation ................. ..................................... 20 2.1.4.1 Regulation principle ......................................... ; 20 2.1.4.2 Regulation measures ......................................... 20 2.1.5 Existing conditions of the river engineeringfacilities ......................................... 2 7 2.1.5.1 Current situation of embankments and gates along the channel ............................. 27 2.1.5.2 Buildings over the waterway ....................................................... 29 2.1.5.3 Current situation of embankments ....................................................... 34 2.1.5.4 Buildings adjacent to the channel ....................................................... 34 2.1.6 Current state of Laolonghu navigational channel ....................................................... 35 2.1.6.1 Current state of shipping amount ....................................................... 35 2.1.6.2 Current state of shipping transportation ....................................................... 37 2.1.7 Necessity of the construction project ....................................................... 41 2.2 ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FACTORS .......................................... 42 2.2.1 Main works ....................................................... 42 2.2.2 Constructing sites building and constructing methods .................................................. 43 2.2.3 Process of environmental impact identification and selection ....................................... 44 2.2.4 Impact on ecological environment ............... ........................................ 47 2.2.5 hnpact on water environment ....................................................... 4 7 2.2.6 Impact on air and noise ....................................................... 48 2.2.7 Hunan health ....................................................... 50 2.2.8 Land occupied ....................................................... 50 3 NATURAL AND SOCIAL-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ................................................ 51 3.1 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ....................................................... 5 1  EIA Report for Laolonghu Waterway Regulation Project 3.1.1 Geographical Location ......................................................... 51 3.1.2 Geological Structure and Earthquake ......................................................... 51 3.1.3 Geography and geoinorphology ......................................................... 52 3.1.4 Soil ......................................................... 53 3.1.5 Clitnate and meteorology ......................................................... 54 3.1.6 Hydrology and sedimnent ......................................................... 54 3.1.7 Floods and waterlog ............................................. . .......... 57 3.2 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................... 58 3.2.1 Social and economic statistical data ......................................................... 58 3.2.2 Social and economic developing plan ......................................................... 59 4 THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT .......................................................... 62 4.1 CONTENTS OF FIELD INVESTIGATION ......................................................... 62 4.2 INVESTIGATION METHODS .......................................... 62 4.3 THE RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION ......................................................... 63 4.3.1 Earth stockyard ......................................................... 63 4.3.1.1 Selection of earth stock yard ................................................. 63 4.3.1.2 Terrestrial ecology investigation and assessment of material yard . . 63 4.3.1.3 soil quality investigation and assessment in material yard . . 68 4.3.2 Curve cut-offsection and dredge up section ......................................................... 68 4.3.2.1 Land ecology investigation and assessment ...................................... 68 4.3.2.2 Investigation and assessment of aquatic ecological environment . . 71 4.3.2.2.1 Plankton and benthon ......................................................... 71 4.3.2.3 Water Quality Investigation And Assessment ...................................... 76 4.3.2.3.1 Water environment monitoring and assessment . .................................................. 76 4.3.2.3.2 F listorical data of water quality ...................................................0....... 80 4.3.2.4 Soil Environment Survey And Assessment ......................................... 82 4.3.2.5 Sediment Survey And Assessment ............................................... 82 4.3.2.6 Ambient Air Quality And Noise Quality Survey And Assessment . . 83 4.3.3 Dumping sites ............................................. 84 4.3.3.1 Determination of dumping sites .................... ..................................... 84 4.3.3.2 Land ecological quality survey and assessment of disposal area . . 85 4.4 THE DETERMINATION OF SENSITIVIE. SPOTS .......................... ................................. 86 5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT ................................. 88 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF PROJECT .................................................................... 88 5.1.1 Environmental impacts of construction phase ......................................................... 88 5.1.1.1 curve cut-off section and dredge-up section ............................................................ 88 5.1.1.2 Refilling the original riverway and dumping earth section ............. ..................... 88 5.1.1.3 Exploding reef .................................................................... 88 5.1.1.4 Bridge rebuilding .................................................................... 88 5.1.1.5 Taking earth from material field .................................................................... 89 5.1.2 Environmental impacts of operation phase ............................... 89 5.1.2.1 Ship impact .................................................................... 89 5.1.2.2 Bridge and dumping earth area .................................................................... 89 5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ASSESSMENT OF CONSTRUCTION PHASE ......... ................... 89 5.2.1 Environmental impacts and assessment ofmaterialfield construction . . 89 5.2.1.1 Loss of biomass and variation of productivity because of vegetation destruction .. 89 5.2.1.2 Heterogeneity of destroyed vegetation .............................................................. 91 5.2.1.3 Loss of biodiversity .............................................................. 92 5.2.2 Environmental impacts and assessment of curve cut-off section and dredge-up section construction ..................................................... 92 5.2.2.1 rrrestrial ecological environmiiienit im1lpact ................................................92 5.2.2.2 Aquatic ecosyste m impact .............................................................. 95 2  EIA Report for Laolonghu Waterway Regulation Project 5.2.2.3 Aquatic environment impact of curve cut-off and dredging section ....................... 96 5.2.2.4 Assessment of atmosphere and noise environmental impacts ............................... 103 5.2.2.5 Prediction and assessment of historic landmarks and sites ................................... 105 5.2.3 Environmenfal impact of dumping activity ................................................................ 106 5.2.3.1 Trrestrial ecological environment impact of dumping .......................................... 106 5.2.3.2 Aquatic environment impact of dumping ..............................................................1 06 5.2.4 Other aspects of environmental impact ............................................................... 107 5.2.4.1 Impact and assessment of public health ................................................................ 107 5.2.4.2 Prediction and assessment for solid waste in construction phase ..........................1 08 5.2.4.3 Impact assessment of communication .................................................................. 110 5.3 PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN OPERATION PHASE ............ 111 5.3.1 Prediction of social economic environmental impact .................................................. 111 5.3.2 Prediction of water environ mental impact ............................................................... 122 5.3.3 Assessment of accident in waterway ............................................................... 123 5.3.4 Variation'of hydrology ............................................................... 124 5.3.4.1 Simulative scope and items .................................................................. 124 5.3.4.2 Variation of sub-current caused by Laolonghju Waterway regulatory engineering ........................................................................................................................................... .125 5.3.4.3 Variation of water level and velocity in Laolonghu Waterway after regulatory engineering ....................................................................1 126 5.3.4.4 Variation of ebb and flood after finishing of Laolonghu Waterway regulatory engineering ....................................................................1 l27 5.3.5 Prediction of Ecological Iznpact in Operation phase .................................................... 128 6 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .................................................................... 129 6.1 SURVEY FREQUENCY AND PARTICIPANTS ...................................................................... 129 6.2 CONTENT OF SURVEY ........................................................................................................... 129 6.3 INVESTIGATION METHODS ................ 130 6.4 RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION ................ 131 6.4.1 Results offirst consultation ............... 131 6.4.1.1 Results of first consultation .131 6.4.1.2 Modifications to the assessment outline .134 6.4.2 Second consultation .134 6.4.2.1 Results of second consultation .134 6.4.2.2 Modifications to the EIA report .136 7 ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS .137 7.1 COMPARISON WITH OR WITHIOUT IPROJECT .137 7.2 COMPARISON OF ENGINEERING ROUTES .138 7.3 COMPARISON OF CONSTRUCTION SCHEMES .139 7.3.1 Comparison of scheme .140 7.3.1.1 Comparison of engineering quantities. 40 7.3.1.2Comparison of investment cost .141 7.3.2 Recommended scheme .141 7.3.2.1 Scheme I (Radium 330m) .141 7.3.2.2 Scheme 2 (Radium 530m) .142 7.3.2.3 Integrated assessment .143 7.4 COMPARISON OF CONSTRUCTIVE METHODS .144 7.5 COMPARISON OF QUARRIES .145 8 PROGRAM OF WATER AND SOIL CONVERSATION .147 8.1 ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL WATER AND SOIL EROSION .147 8.2 ESTIMATION OF WATER AND SOIL EROSION .148 8.2.1 lmpacts of ivater and soil erosion on wvaterway .148 8.2.2 Waterway regulatory and soil erosion .148 8.2.3 Prediction of water and soil erosio .4149 3  EIA Report for Laolonghu Waterway Regulation Project 8.3 MEASURES OF WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION .................................................................. 150 8.3.1 Engineering measures for water and soil conversation ............................1................... 50 8.3.2 Non-engineering measures for water and soil conversation ........................................1 50 8.4 ESTIMATING Or INVESTMENT COST ...................................................................... 150 9 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROFIT AND LOSS ANALYSIS ............................................................ 152 9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES ......................................................................... 152 9. .I Environmental protection measures in the construction period . . I 52 9.1.1.1 Ecological environmental protection measures . ................................ 152 9.1.1.2 Water environmental protection measures ..................................... 155 9.1.1.3 Air and noise environmental protection measures . .............................. 157 9.1.1.4 Public health protection measures ......................................................................... 158 9.1.1.5 Land resources protection measures ...................................................................... 159 9.1.1.6 Prevention measures of communication impact in construction period ............... 160 9.1.2 Environmental protection measures in the operation period .................... .1 60 9.1.2.1 Ecological recovery and compensation measures . .............................. 160 9.1.2.2 Water environmental protection measures ..................................... 162 9.1.2.3 Embankment protection measures ........................................................................ 163 9.1.2.4 Emergency measures of unplanlned traffic accidents . ............................ 163 9.1.3 Environmental monitoring ............................................................. 164 9.1.3.2 Monitor in operation phase .......................................................................... 166 9.1.3.3 Estimation of investment cost for environmental monitor ........... .................... 166 9.1.3.4 The reporting of monitoring results ........................................ 170 9.1.4 Environ7mental management .............................................................1 I72 9.1.4.1 Environmental supervision ............................................................ 173 9.1.4.2 Training people in environmental management departimenlt . ............................ ... 174 9.1.4.3 Time Schedule for enforcement of environmental protection measures .......... 176 9.1.4.4 The legal effect of the Environmental Protection Action Plan . ................... 182 9.1.5 Estimation of environmental protection investnent . ......................................1............. I85 9.1.5.1 Environmental protection investment in the construction period .......................... 185 9.1.5.2 Environmental protection investment during tile operation period . . 186 9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROFIT AND LOSS ANALYSIS .................................................................... 192 9.2.1 Economic benefit ......................................................... 92 9.2.1.1 Basic data ......................................................... 192 9.2.1.2 Economic assessment .................... ................................................. 193 9.2.2 Environmental benejits and loss .........................................................1 196 10 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ........................................................... 197 1 0.1 SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ..................... ...................................... 197 10.2 SUMMARY OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENI ................... ........................................ 198 10.2.1 Summary of ecological environment ......................................................... 198 10.2.2 Summary of existing water quality ......................................................... 198 10.2.3 Summary of soil and sediment qualities ..................................1....................... I98 10.2.4 Existing air quality and noise quality . ......................................................... I99 10.3 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICITION ................................................... ... 199 10.3.1 Ecological Impact ......................................................... 199 10.3.2 Water environmental impact ......................................................... 200 10.3.3 Public health impact ......................................................... 201 10.3.4 Impact of solid waste .......................................................... 201 10.3.5 Impact on cultural relics and historic sites ......................................................... 202 10.3.6 hnpact on air- and noise environment ......................................................... 202 10.3.7 Impact on local economy ......................................................... 202 10.3.8 Inpact on land resources ......................................................... 203 10.3.9 Analysis of traffic accidents ......................................................... 203 10.4 SUMMARY OF PUJBLIC iAn-TICIIATiON ........................................................... 203 4  10.5 SUMMARY OF WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION ................................... 205 10.5.1 Characteristics ofsoil erosion ................................... 205 10.5.2 Soil erosion ......................5....... .......... ... 205 10.5.3 Soil conservation measures ............................. 206 10.5.4 Estimation ofsoil conservation cost ............................. 206 10.6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES AND COSTS ..................................................... 207 10.6. 1 Ecological recovery measures and costs .................................................................. 207 10.6. 1.1 Protection measures for earth material fields ....................................................... 207 10.6.1.2 Vegetation protection mcasures for the new channel and the new location of Longma bridge .................................................................. 208 10.6.1.3 Vegetation protection measures for the widened embankment ........................... 208 10.6.1.4 Vegetation protection measures for the embankments of Xiezhousha, Heyiwei and Luobei dumping areas .................................................................. 209 10.6.1.5 Aquatic ecological protection measures ............................................................. 209 10.6.1.6 Cost estimation .................................................................. 209 10.6.2 Water environmentalprotection measures ..............209................................................. 209 10.6.3 Air and noise environmentalprotection measures and costs ...................................... 211 10.6.4 Public health protection measures .................................................................. 212 10.6.4.1 Establishment of living areas for the construction teams .............. ..................... 212 10.6.4.2 Health quarantine and prevention measures ...................................... ................. 212 10.6.4.3 Health institution .................................................................. 212 10.6.5 Land resources protection measures .................................................................. 213. 10. 6.6 Prevention measures ofcommnunication impact in construction period .......... .......... 213 10.6. 7 lEmbanknent protection measures ................................. ................................. 213 10.6.8 Emnergency measures of znplanned traffic accidents ................................................. 214 10.6.9 Inpact on hydrological conditions .................................................................. 214 10.7 SUMMARY OF PROFIT AND LOSS ANALYSIS .................................................................. 214 10.8 CONCLUSION OF TIlE ASSESSMENT .................................................................. 215 APPENDIX 1: INVESTIGATION AND ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENT STATUS. 217 APPENDIX 2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ASSESSMENT OF CONSTRUCTION PHASE ..................................................................... 266 APPENDIX 3: CUMULATIVE IMPACT AND INDIRECT IMPACT ANALYSIS OF LAOLONGHU WATERWAY REGULATION PROJECT .................................................... 299 3.1 CUMULATIVE IMPACT ANALYSIS OF NAVIGATIONAL CHANNEL DEVELOPMENT IN PEARL RIVER DEI-TA ..................................................................... 299 3.2 INDIRECT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF LAOLONGHU WATERWAY REGULATION PROJECT .................................................................................................................................................. .305  m. An 'j3 Guangdong Provin ,