k|ltj]bg g+= @%@)% Pg=O{=kL= 79040 + ljZj a}s g]kfn ;xfotf /0fgLltsf] k|ult ljj/0f df3, @)%( k|ltj]bg g+= @%@)% Pg=O{=kL= + ljZj a}s g]kfn ;xfotf /0fgLltsf] k|ult ljj/0f df3, @)%( ljZj a}+s !*!* Pr= l:6«6, Pg= 8ANo" jflz+6g, l8=;L= @)$$#, o'=P;=P= 6]lnkmf]gM ! @)@ $&& !@#$ ÎofS;M ! @)@ $&& ^#(! ofs P08 olt xf]6n kl/;/ kf]=a=g+= &(* sf7df8f}+, g]kfn 6]lnkmf]gM )) (&& ! @@^&(@÷# ÎofS;M )) (&& ! @@%!!@ www.worldbank.org.np www.biswabank.org.np pkfWoIfM ldPsf] lgzLdLh', P;=P=cf/=eL=kL= g]kfnsf nflu cfjf;Lo lgb]{zsM s]lgrL cf]xf;L, P;=P=;L=Pg\=kL= sfo{6f]nL k|d'vM 8]af]/fx a]6\Dofg, P;=P=;L=Pg\=P= n]cfp6M j8{:s]k, sf7df8f}+ . ljifo;"rL + ;d'xsf] ;xfotf /0fgLlt ljZj a}s ! kl/ro ! + ;d'xsf] ;xfotf /0fgLltsf] ljsf; qmd a}s # ;fdflhs kl/k|]Io # /fhg}lts ljsf; # cfly{s ljsf; % ;'wf/ sfo{qmd / ;/sf/sf] b[li6sf]0f * kl/ro * ljQLo gLlt tyf cfly{s Joj:yfkg ( lghfdtL ;]jf tyf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ;dfj]z zf;gsf cfwf/x? !) lghL If]qsf] ljsf; / ljQLo If]qsf] ;'wf/ !! ;xfotfsf] k|efjsf/Ltf a9fpg] !# dfgj ljsf;;DaGwL ljifoj:t' !# jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg !$ + ;d'xsf] /0fgLltsf] sfof{Gjogdf ePsf] k|ult a}s !% k[i7e"ld !% cfO=l8=P= sf sfo{qmdx? !% cfO{=Pkm=;L= !* Pd\=cfO{=hL=P= !* cufl8sf] dfu{ !( jt{dfg kl/l:ylt h'DNofxf ;+s6sf ?kdf !( cf=j= )$ df a}+ssf] ;xfotf !( hf]vLdx? @@ cg';"rLx? @$ ljlgdo b/ d'b|f OsfO{M g]kfnL ?k}of -g]=?=_ cd]l/sL 8n/ !M g]=?= &^=&## -d+l;/ ^, @)%(_ cfly{s jif{ ;fpg ! c;f/ d;fGt -cf=j= ;fpg !, @)%( b]lv c;f/ d;fGt @)^)_ P=P=P= Pgflnl6sn P08 P8\efOh/L PlS6lel6h\ h]=la=cfO{=;L= cGt/f{li6«o ;xfotfsf nflu hfkfgL a}s + e|=lj=/= e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] /0fgLlt Pn=cfO=Pn 1fg tyf pTk|]/0ff C0f P=lj=a}+= Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+s ;=lj=n= ;x;|fAbLsf ljsf; nIox? g]=s[=lj=a}=+ g]kfn s[lif ljsf; a}s + Pd=Pkm=P= dN6LkmfOa/ Pu|Ld]G6 P=d=n= d'bf | lgd{nLs/0f a=n=;'=lg= ax'2Z ] oLo nufgL ;'/If0f lgud k'=p=sf=C= k'gM pkof]uL sfo{qmd C0f c=d+ cy{ d+qfno cf=k|f=lz=k= cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf d=c=v=;+= dWodcjlwsf] vr{sf] ;+/rgf ;=/=-k|=lj=_ ;xfotf /0fgLlt -k|ult ljj/0f_ + ln= g]=a}= g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8 ;f=;+= ;fd'bflos ;+:yf g]=lj=d+ g]kfn ljsf; d+r k|=sf=c= k|dv ' sfo{sf/L clws[t u}=;=; u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf lj=h=k= ljQLo hjfkmb]lxtf k/LIf0f g]=cf}=lj=lg= g]kfn cf}Bf]lus ljsf; lgud c=b'=lg=cf= clVtof/ b'?kof]u lgjf/0f cfof]u g]=hL=;= g]kfn hLjg:t/ ;j]{If0f v=k=k|= v/Lb k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg /f=of]=cf= /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u lh=lj=;= lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt g]=/f=a}+= g]kfn /fi6« a}+s l8PkmcfO8L ;+oQ ' m clw/fHo cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ljefu g]=b"=;+= g]kfn b"/;+rf/ ;+:yfg lh=:jf=sf= lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no cf]Ol;8L÷8LP;L cfly{s ;+u7g tyf ljsf; ;+:yf÷ljsf; ;xfotf ;ldlt lj=sf=c==;= ljs]Gb|Ls/0f sfof{Gjog cg'udg ;ldlt ;+=d'=; ;+rfng tyf d'Nof+sg ;ldlt lj=gL=;= ljsf; gLlt ;dLIff ;f=n]=;= ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldlt 8L=6L=6L= 8]Nnf]O6 6;] tf]xdfT;', o'=P;=P= u=lg=sf]= ul/jL lgjf/0f sf]if j}=;=gL= j}bl] zs ;xfotf gLlt ;f=v=;'=sf= ;fj{hlgs vr{ ;'wf/ sfo{qmd lj=d=lg=sf= ljQLo dxflgoGqssf] sfof{no ;f=sf=lg= ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmd lgb]l{ zsf lj=If]=/= ljQLo If]q /0fgLlt /f=jf=a}= + + /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}s lj=If]=k|f=;=-s_ ljQLo If]q k|fljlws ;xfotf -shf{_ ;'=c=;= ;'wf/ cg'udg ;ldlt cf=j= cfly{s jif{ u|f=vf=;=k= u|dL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO kl/of]hgf s'=u|f=p= s'n u|fx{:Yo pTkfbg ;+=;=sf= ;+/rgfut ;dfof]hg sfo{qmd hL=l6=h]8= g]kfnsf nflu hd{g ljsf; lgof]u p=:jf=rf}= pk:jf:Yo rf}sL >L % sf] ;/sf/ lj=lz=k|= ljBfno lzIff k|df0fkq cfO{=8L=P= cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ;+:yf lj=Jo=;= ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;+=lj=sf]= ;+:yfut ljsf; sf]if k|f=;= k|fljlws ;xfotf P=;+= Plss[t ;+/rgf o'Pgl8kL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd cfO{=Pkm=;L= cGt/f{li6«o ljQ lgud o'=P;=P=cfO{=8L= ;+oQ' m /fHo cd]l/sL cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ;+:yf c=d'=sf]= cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f sf]if uf=lj=;= ufp ljsf; ;ldlt c=u}=;=;+= cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+u7g 8An'l6cf] ljZj Aofkf/ ;+u7g ;f/ ;+If]k ;g\ !((* sf] l8;]Da/df ljZj a}+ssf lgb]{zsx?sf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ u|x0f eof] . >L % af6 cS6f]a/ a}7sdf 5nkmn ePsf] g]kfnsf nflu ;xfotf /0fgLltn] !! df >L nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbnfO{ k|wfgd+qLsf] kbdf lkmtnf] zf;g tyf cfly{s sdhf]/Lx? h:tf ljsf;sf [ jdf ul7t cGtl/d d+qLkl/ifb\nfO{ lgo'Qm u/L pxf+sf] g]tT afwfx?nfO{ x6fP/ g]kfnnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ Wo]o /fv]sf] zflGt;'/Iffsf] k'ga{xfnL ug{ / :ylut lgjf{rg ;DkGg lyof] . o:tf cj/f]wx?df ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] lkmtnf] ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;'lDkOPsf] 5 . Joj:yfkg, ;]jfx?sf] ck|efjsf/L ljt/0f / sdhf]/ ljQLo If]q klg kb{5g\ . ;f] ;xfotf /0fgLlt nfu' jt{dfg /fhgLltnfO{ hgu0ftGqfTds k|0ffnLdf ePkl5sf] cjlwdf g]kfn k|fozM Go"g txsf] cj:yfdf ?kfGtl/t ug]{ p2]Zoaf6 ;':t ?kdf u|fdL0f If]qaf6 + n] zf;gsf cfwf/x?;+u C0f ;xfotfnfO{ g} /x] klg a}s z'? ePsf] dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xdf clxn];Dd & xhf/eGbf cfj4 ug{ cl3 ;f/]sf] cjwf/0ff kZrft\ zf;gsf a9L dflg;n] Hofg u'dfO;s]sf 5g\ . ;g\ @))! sf] cfwf/x? gLltut 5nkmnsf] d'Vo ljifo ag]sf 5g\ . gf]e]Da/ dlxgfdf klxnf] k6s ;}lgs :yfkGgdfly ;g\ !((* sf] ;xfotf /0fgLltsf cfwf/e"t s'/fx?af6} cfqmd0f u/L dfcf]jfbLx?n] lx+;fTds cleofg lj:tf/ a}+ssf] sfo{gLlt lgb]{lzt /x]sf] 5 . xfn tof/Lsf u/]kl5 b]zdf ;+s6sfnLg cj:yf nfu' eO{ ;]gfnfO{ qmddf /x]sf] ul/aL sd ug]{ /0fgLlts d:of}bf kl/rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . o; åGbsf sf/0f ut jif{ -kL=cf/=o;=kL=_ sfof{Gjogdf cfPkl5 cf=j= )$ dfq} plNnlvt ;+VofdWo] cfwf hltsf] d[To' ePsf] df a}+s ;d"xsf ;a} c+ux?sf] ;+o'Qm ;xfotf /0fgLlt ] nfO{ ;dg ug{ ;lsP lyof] . ;]gfsf] kl/rfngaf6 ljb|fx nfu' ug]{ of]hgf /x]sf] 5 . klg ;]jfx?sf] ljt/0fsf ;fy} ;fdflhs wf/af6 cnlUuPsf ;d'xnfO{ ;fdfhdf ;dflxt ug]{ h:tf ]| kf6L{n] ;g\ !((( sf] d] dlxgfdf ;DkGg g]kfnL sf+u; h8 ;d:ofx?sf] ;+af]wg geP;Dd bL3{sfnLg zflGt cfd lgjf{rgdf ax'dt xfl;n u¥of] . t/ ck]Iff :yfkgf x'g ;+ej 5}g . u/]eGbf leGg ?kdf ;Qf?9 bnsf] ;+;bLo ax'dtaf6 g t /fhg}lts l:y/tf sfod x'g ;Sof], g t g]kfnsf] g]kfnsf nflu ;xfotf /0fgLlt nfu' ePkl5 g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf ;d:ofx?s} ;dfwfg x'g ;Sof] . ;g\ !(($ cy{tGqn] b|'Qt/ j[l4b/ / ck]Iffs[t ?kdf bl/nf] b] l v ;g\ !((( ;Dd sfod} /x] s f] /fhg} l ts [ tf xf;Ln ub}{ cGttM tLa| cwf]ultsf a[xt\ cfly{s ;'b9 cl:y/tfsf aLr ul7t ;/sf/x? / ;d' x ut ;fy sdhf]/ cj:yfdf k'u]/ PskmGsf] df/]sf] 5 . cGt/lau|xn] ;g\ @))@ sf] d] dlxgfdf ;+;bsf] tNnf] lalu|Psf] ;'/Iff l:yltn] ko{6g pBf]u / Jofj;foLs ;bgsf] la36g x'gk'Uof] . ;'/Iffsf sf/0f cfd lgjf{rg dgf]andf u+eL/ tyf k|lts"n k|efj kf/]sf] 5 eg] x'g g;Sg] k|i6} lyof] / o;}qmddf k|wfgd+qL z]/axfb'/ k|lt:kwf{Tds ljZj ahf/df g]kfnn] lgof{t ug{;Sg] b]pjfaf6 Ps jif{ kl5 lgjf{rg ;fg{sf nflu l;kmfl/; Ifdtfdfly g} k|Zg pTkGg ePsf]n] a[xt\ ;Gt'ng sfod eof] . tt\ kZrft\ cS6f]a/ $ df >L % af6 g]kfn /fVb} cfly{s ?kdf k|lt:kwL{ aGgsf nflu ;'wf/sf clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@& adf]lhd b]pjf u+eL/ k|of;x?sf] yfngL x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] d+qLkl/ifb\nfO{ sfo{ef/ d'Qm u/L c:yfoL ?kdf 5 . ;/sf/ klg ljb|f]xaf6 a9]sf] vt/f / a9\bf] ljQLo rfksf sf/0f ;'wf/ k|lqmofx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf ljsl;t x'g5 ] . o;cg'?ksf k|:tfljt sfo{qmdx?sf] nflu ;+j]bgzLn ag]sf] 5 . o; k|sf/sf] /fhg}lts sfof{Gjog eg] dWod cjlwsf] ;'wf/ sfo{qmdcGtu{tsf] cl:y/tfaLr klg ljt]sf] jif{ lbgotf k|fljlws tyf ;+/rgfut ;dfof]hg C0fdfkm{t x'g5 ] . a[xt\ cfly{s ljz]if1x?sf] g]t[Tjdf ;'wf/sf k|of;x?n] s]xL ult ;+/rgf ;Gtf]ifhgs ?kdf sfod x'gs ' f ;fy} ;'wf/ lng yfn]sf] cfefif ePsf] 5 . o; qmddf ljQLo If]q, k|lqmofx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf k|bfg ul/Pdf sfo{qmlds ;fj{ h lgs vr{ s f] Joj:yfkg, ;] j fsf] ljt/0f, cjwf/0ff sfof{lGjt x'g ;Sg]5 . tfTsfnLs sfo{of]hgfdf e|i6frf/lj?4sf] n8fO{ / bft[ ;dGjonufotsf ;d]t ;dfj]z ePsf o; lsl;dsf] ;'wf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ sltko If]qx?df pNn]vgLo k|ultx? xf;Ln eO klg ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] Joj:yfkgdf yk ;'wf/ ug{, ;fj{hlgs ;s]sf 5g\ . o:tf ;'wf/sf k|of;x?nfO{ Plss[t ?kdf If]qsf] kf/bzL{tf tyf hjfkmb]xLtf clej[l4 ug{ / cl3 a9fpg tfTsfnLs sfo{of]hgf -t=sf=of]=_ sf] ul/aL;DaGwL sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjog kIfnfO{ cem sfof{Gjogsf nflu c;fwf/0f u+eL/tf / hfu/ b]lvPsf] ;'b9[ kfg{ cfjZos ?kdf ldnfOPsf] 5 . xfn ;+rflnt 5 . o;/L g]kfndf zf;gsf cfwf/x?nfO{ ;xL lbzfdf ;'wf/sf k|lqmofx? lg/Gt/ ?kdf hf/L /x]df xf;Ln cl3 a9fpg] df}g qmflGtsf] z'?jft ePsf] 5 eGbf ePsf dxTjk"0f{ sfo{k|ultsf] dfGotf:j?k o:tf cTo'lQm gxf]nf . o:tf k|of;x?nfO{ a}+s ;d'xsf] k"0f{ sfo{qmdx?df k|efjsf/L 6]jf k'¥ofpg ;lsg]5 . ;'wf/sf ;dy{gsf ;fy} hg;dy{g klg ldn]sf] 5 . nflu ul/g] ljQLo vr{x?df ;xfotf k|jflxt ubf{ To;n] o; k|lqmofnfO{ bLuf] tyf bl/nf] ?kdf cl3 a9fP/ ;'wf/sf nflu k|of;/t\x?sf] Plss[t kxndf k|jl4{t cem pQ/bfoL tyf k|efjsf/L ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx?sf] rfn' ;'wf/sf] Jofks cfwf/ / k|jl[ Qx?nfO{ b[li6ut l;h{gf ug{df ;/sf/nfO{ d2t k'¥ofpg]5 . o; sfo{qmdn] + n] cfwf/e"t txsf] kl/b[io adf]lhd ljQLo u/L a}s kl/of]hgfx?df gjLg k|of; Pj+ 1fg tyf ;"rgf clej[l4 ;xfotfsf nflu sfo{qmlds cjwf/0ffsf] ljsf; ug]{ ug]{ sfo{qmdsf] ;d]t kl/sNkgf u/]sf] 5, h;af6 of]hgf /fv]sf] 5 . of] cjwf/0ff ul/aL sd ug]{ /0fgLlts kl/jt{gsf] ;xhstf{sf ?kdf a}s + sf] e"ldsf k|ltlalDat d:of}bfcg';f/ cfufdL ;xfotf /0fgLltdf k"0f{ cfsf/df x'g hfg]5 . ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f + ;d'xsf] ljZj a}s ;xfotf /0fgLlt kl/ro >L % sf] ;/sf/n] o:tf pynk'ynsf/L cl:y/tf / cfly{s ljsf;sf] l9nf] z'?jft\ u/]sf] g]kfnn] !(%) clgZrosf aLr klg ut jif{bl] v g} Jofks ;'wf/sf sf] bzskl5 Jofks pknlAw xf;Ln u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ul//x]sf] 5 . of] ;'wf/k|lqmofnfO{ k|fylds lzIff, :jf:Yo ;]jfnufotsf cfwf/e"t cl3 a9fpg ljz]if1x?sf] k|lta4 ;d'x nfuL k/]sf] ;fdflhs ;]jfx?sf ;fy} vfg]kfgL, ljB't\ b"/;+rf/ 5 / o;n] ult lng yfln;s]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))@ sf] tyf u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/ h:tf cGo ;]jfd'ns If]qx?df dWob]lv al9/x]sf] /fhg}lts pynk'ynn] ubf{ o:tf a[xt\ ?kdf kx'r a9]sf] 5 . o;f] eP tfklg cem} klg ljz]if1x?nfO{ pgLx?sf] ;f]r+ fO{cg'?k sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn ljZjsf ljkGgtd\ /fi6«x?sf] sf]6Ld} kb{5 . ;3fp k'us ] f] 5 eg] xfn} cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] u7g h;sf] jflif{s k|ltJolQm cfo @%) cd]l/sL 8n/ ePkl5 pgLx?sf] l:ylt c? ;'b9 [ ePsf] 5 . jf:tjdf dfq 5 eg] w]/} ;"rsfÍx?n] oxfsf] hLjg:t/ cToGt} pQ/bfoL / kf/bzL{ ;/sf/sf] dfu eO/x]sf] kl/k|I ] odf b'?xk"0f{ /x]sf] s'/f k|ltlalDat ub{5g\ . d+qLx?af6 k|zf;lgs sfo{x?df x'g] u/]sf] /fhg}lts x:tIf]kdf sdL cfO{ ljz]if1x?af6 cf/De ul/Psf] ul/aL lj?4sf ;+3if{x?nfO{ w]/} s'/fx?n] cj/f]w ;'wf/ k|lqmofn] s]xLxb;Dd :yfloTj k|fKt ug]{ ;+efjgf k'¥ofPsf] 5, To;df af/Daf/ ag]sf cs'zn tyf 5 . o;qmddf d'n'ssf] ul/aL sd ug]{ /0fgLlt cl:y/ ;/sf/x? klg lhDd]af/ 5g\ . xfn}sf lbgx?df -sf]i7 #_ sf] ljsf;sf ;fy} ljQLo If]q ;'wf/, ] sf] la:tf/, gf}dlxgfsf] ;+s6sfnLg dfcf]jfbL ljb|fx e|i6frf/lj?4sf] ;+3if{, k"jf{wf/ lgofdg Joj:yf / cjlw, ;/sf/df sfod} /x]sf] cl:y/tfnufot >L % tTsfnsf] sfo{of]hgf -t=sf=of], kl/lzi6 ! x]gf]; { _ \ sf] af6 b]pjf ;/sf/sf] kbd'QmLsf ;fy} @)%( ;fn sflQs sfof{Gjogdf pNn]vgLo k|ult xf;Ln ePsf] 5 . dlxgfdf cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] u7g eP kZrft\ cl:y/tf a9]sf] 5 . ;'/Iffsf] lrGtfdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 eg] Jofks ;g\ !((* sf] l8;]Da/ !# sf lbg sfo{sf/L ?kdf gful/s cl:y/tf x'g;Sg] 8/ /x]sf] 5 . o:tf { sx?sf] a}7sdf 5nkmn ePsf] g]kfnsf nflu lgb]z cfGtl/s sf/0fx?sf ;fy} Aofkf/;+u cfj4 g]kfnL kl5Nnf] ;xfotf /0fgLlt -;=/=_! ck]Iffs[t ?kdf cy{tGq tyf cfly{s ultljlw ljZjJofkL dGbL Pj+ clgZro / cl:y/ jftfj/0fdf tof/ kfl/Psf] lyof] . @)%* ;fn h]7 !( ut] /fhkl/af/df 36]sf] laof]uaf6 ;g\ !(($ kl5 To;a]nf;Dd % k6s ;/sf/x?df lj>[¨vlnt x'g k'us ] f] 5 . o;af6 Psflt/ ;'/Iff vr{ kl/jt{g x'gs ' /fhg}lts bnx?df ' f ;fy} # j6} k|dv a9fpg'kg]{ afWotf / csf]l{ t/ /fhZj ;+sngdf sdLn] cfGtl/s dgf]dflnGo z'? eO;s]sf] lyof] . o; cltl/Qm ubf{ ljQLo ;+s6 pTkGg eO{ ljsf; vr{ 36\g] ;+efjgf JofKt e|i6frf/sf sf/0f ;fj{hlgs ;|ft ] ;fwgsf] a9]/ uPsf] 5 . /fHo ;fj{hlgs gLltlgdf{tf / b'?kof]u, kl/of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf l9nfO{, lghL ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] k|bfos xf] ls xf]Og eGg] s'/fn] nufgL cfslif{ t ug{ d f sl7gfO{ / lghfdtL /fHodfly uDeL/ r"gf}tL v8f u/]sf] 5 . sd{rf/Lx?sf] l56f]l56f] ;?jf tyf pgLx?nfO{ ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f ] ;fxgdf sdL /x]sf] s'/fdf z+sf lyPg . ;fwf/0ftof k|fT ;xfotf /0fgLltdf pk/f]Qm cjwf/0ff nfu' ug{ k|ydtM a[xt\ cy{tGqsf] Joj:yfkg :jLsfo{ cj:yfdf /x] klg >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f gLltnfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg cy{tGq ljleGg s'/fx?af6 u|:t /x]sf] lyof], h;dWo] + n] ;dfhsf] cfwf/e"t tx;Dd ;|ft ljZj a}s ] ;fwgsf] ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] lkmtnf] Joj:yfkg / sdhf]/ ljQLo a9fpg] kl/of]hgfx?nfO{ ljQLo ;xfotf lbg] kx'r If]q klg lyof] . o:t} g]kfnn] t/fO{sf] pj{/ e"ld, + n] ;/sf/L k|efjsfl/tf gLlt lnPsf] lyof] . bf]>f], a}s a9\bf] bft[ ;xfotf k|flKt, ko{6gsf] ;+efJotfcg'?ksf] clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{df x'g] k|ultnfO{ ;di6Lut ljQLo ljsf; / ckf/ hn;|ft ] tyf hnljB'ts \ f] lgof{t h:tf ;xfotf;+u cfj4 u/L ;/sf/sf] s]Gb|Lo :t/sf] ;'wf/ ;Dkltx?sf] pkof]lutf lng ;s]g . ] ;flxt ug],{ / t]>f], dxTjk"0f{ If]qsf k|lqmofnfO{ k|fT af/]df ljrf/ ljlgdo eO{ To;sf] k|efjsfl/tf cem g]kfnsf nflu ;xfotf /0fgLltn] zf;gsf] lkmtnf] ;zQm x'g ;sf];\ egL bftfx? aLrsf] ;dGjonfO{ cfwf/x?nfO{ g]kfnsf] ljsf;df cfwf/e"t cj/f]w ;'b9[ ug]{ gLlt cjnDag u/]sf] lyof] . 7x/fPsf] lyof] . -s_ ;fj{hlgs If]qsf ;+:yfx? ck|efjsf/L, vlr{nf] / e|i6frf/L ePsf, -v_ ;fj{hlgs o; cjlwsf] w]/h} ;f] ;do g]kfnsf] l:ylt Go"g txÚ ;]jfx? ljkGgju{sf dfem k'Ug g;s]sf], -u_ ;'wf/sf df /x]sf] eP klg ;xfotf /0fgLltsf] lg/Gt/ nflu /fhg}lts k|lta4tfsf] sdL / -3_ ;fj{hlgs sfof{Gjogn] ubf{ zf;gsf cfwf/x?sf] ljifoj:t'df vr{ k|0ffnLdf Jofks r'xfj6nfO{ o;sf k|df0fsf ?kdf dxTjk"0f{ ?kdf Wofg s]Gb|Lt x'g;s]sf] lyof] . o; lnOPsf] lyof] .@ pko'Qm{ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ p2]Zon] af/]df tn lj:t[t ?kdf 5nkmn ul/g]5 . cfwf/e"t ;xfotf /0fgLltn] vf;u/L -s_ ;fdflhs k"h + Lsf] ?kdf eGg] xf] eg] ;xfotf /0fgLltsf] dxTj clxn] kl/rfng dfkm{t ;|ft] ;fwgx?nfO{ ;dfhsf] cfwf/e"t klg 5 / gof /0fgLlt tof/ geP;Dd a}+ssf txsf hgtfdfem k'¥ofpg], / -v_ ;/sf/sf ljsf; sfo{qmdx?nfO{ lgb]{lzt ul//xg]5 . xfn th{"df sfo{qmdx?sf] k|efjsfl/tfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] cjwf/0ff eO/x]sf] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ul/aL sd ug]{ /0fgLlts k|:tfljt u/]sf] lyof] . ] . d:of}bf gof ;xfotf /0fgLltsf] cfwf/ x'g5 ! ] a/ !&, !((* k|ltj]bg g+= !*%&*Pg\=O{=kL=, gf]eD @ ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] k'g/fjnf]sg -k|ltj]bg g+= @)@!!Pg\=O{=kL=, clk|n !!, @)))_ n] ;]jfx? k|bfg ug{df ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] lakmntfnufotsf s'/fx?sf] rrf{ u/]sf] . o;/L -s_ lg:k|efjL ah]6 k|0ffnL, -v_ ;/sf/ tyf hg;d'bfoaf6 bft[ ;xfotfk|fKt kl/of]hgfx?k|lt :jfldTjefj gb]vfpg', -u_ sfof{Gjogdf ;+:yfut sdhf/Lx? /xg', -3_ s'zf;g, -ª_ ;|ft ] ;fwgsf] ljlgof]hgsf] unt 9frf, / -r_ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?sf] sfo{ku | ltsf lkmtnf]kgnfO{ o;sf cj/f]wsf ?kdf klxrfg ul/Psf] . ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f ! + ;d'xsf] a}s ;xfotf /0fgLltsf] ljsf; qmd ] o ;fdflhs kl/k|I /fhg}lts ljsf; ;g\ !(() sf] bzsdf a[xt\ cfly{s l:y/tf, k|yd g]kfnsf nflu ;xfotf /0fgLlt k|:t't u/]sf] s]xL r/0fsf] pbf/Ls/0f / 36\bf] hg;+Vof j[l4b/sf sf/0f kl5 g} g]kfnL sf+u;]| n] ;g\ !((( sf] d] dlxgfdf g]kfnsf] cy{tGqdf cg's"n k|efj k/L k|ltJolQm ;DkGg cfd lgjf{rgdf ax'dt xf;Ln u¥of] . t/ cfDbfgL @=% k|ltztn] a9]/ cfly{s lqmofsnfkdf ck]Iff u/]eGbf leGg ?kdf ;Qf?9 bnsf] ;+;bLo ;'wf/ cfPsf] lyof] . t/ ul/aL 36fpg] sfo{df Tof] ax'dtaf6 g t /fhg}lts l:y/tf sfod x'g ;Sof], g cfly{s pknlAw kof{Kt x'g g;s]sf]n] sl/a $@ k|ltzt t g]kfnsf ljsf;sf ;d:ofx?s} ;dfwfg x'g ;Sof] . hg;+ V of clxn] klg ul/aLsf] /] v fd' l g hLjg a? ;g\ !(($ b]lv ;g\ !((( ;Dd ;Qfdf k'us ] f latfO/x]sf 5g\ .# ;x;|fAbLsf ljsf;sf nIox? xf;Ln ;+oQ' m ;/sf/x?nfO{ cl:y/tf / csd{Gotfn] ;tfPsf] ug]{ ;Gbe{df g]kfnsf] k|ultsf] ult ;':t /xg'sf ;fy} dfq xf]Og, laut gf} dlxgfb]lv g]kfnsf] /fhg}lts tL nIox? k|fKt ug{ g]kfnn] w]/} r"gf}ltx?sf] ;fdgf l:ylt c;fdfGo ?kdf cl:y/ ePsf] 5 . lgwf{l/t ug{k' g]{ b]lvG5 . -sf]i7 ! xgf]; \ jf:tjd} ;fdflhs { _ ;doeGbf b'O{ jif{cl3 ;g\ @))@ sf] d] @@ df ;"rf+sx? ljkGgju{sf ;Gbe{df Go"g dfq xf]Og, cToGt} k|ltlglw;efsf] la36g eO{ ;g\ @))@ sf] gf]eD ] a/ Go" g /x] s f] kfOG5 . o;} u /L ljleGg !# tfl/vsf lbg cfd lgjf{rg ul/g] 3f]if0ff eof] . cfo:t/÷pkef]u:t/ ;d'xx?, zx/L tyf u|fdL0f If]q oBlk k|wfgd+qL z]/axfb'/ b]pjf g} sfd rnfp leq} jf tL If] q x? aLr / ljleGg ;fdflhs k|wfgd+qLsf ?kdf sfo{/t /lx/xg' eof] . ;d'bfox?aLr klg 7"nf] ljifdtf /x]sf] 5 . 7f]sj ' f u/]/} eGg] xf] eg] b]zsf *^ k|ltzt u|fdL0f hg;+VofnfO{ o;} ;dodf ;Qf?9 /fhg}lts bn leqsf] lv+rftfgL k5fl8 g} 5f]8/ ] zx/df dfq} ljsf; ultljlw s]Gb|Lt pTsif{df k'uL pRr g]tT [ j ljeflht x'g k'Uof] . tt\ x'gk'us] f] 5 . u|fdL0f If]qdf k|ltJolQm s[lif pTkfbg kZrft\ lgjf{rg cfof]un] k"j{ k|wfgd+qL lul/hfk|;fb Go"g ?kdf dfq} a9\gs ' f ;fy} Toxfsf] ;di6Lut cfly{s [ j /x]sf] ;d'xnfO{ cflwsfl/s g]kfnL sf]O/fnfsf] g]tT ultljlwdf dGbL 5fPsf] 5 . ul/aL cg'udg ug]{ sf+u|];sf] dfGotf k|bfg u/]kl5 >L b]pjfn] gof ;+oGqsf] cefjsf sf/0f gLlt lgdf{0f / k|ltkmnx?sf] /fhg}lts bn u7g ug{' k¥of] . ;]K6]Da/ dlxgfsf] ;xL dfkgdf ;d]t afwf k'u/ ] l:ylt c? hl6n aGg cGTolt/ >L b]pjfn] 8fSg' ePsf] ;j{bnLo a}7sn] k'u]sf] 5 . :jtGq tyf lgikIf r'gfj ;DkGg ug{sf nflu dfcf]jfbL " ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f ] nfO{ ;'/Iffsf b[li6n] afwssf] ?kdf 7x/fPsf] ljb|fx u7g u/L gof ;/sf/ agfpg] s'/fdf >L % df k|i6tf lyof] . o;sf] l7s cl3 dfcf]jfbLn] lgjf{rg x'g /x]sf] lyof] . glbgsf nflu ;+efJo pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ nlIft ub}{ cfÎgf ultljlwx?nfO{ tLa| kf/]sf] lyof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;g\ @))@ sf] cS6f]a/ !! sf lbg >L % 1fg]Gb| jL/ !)) hgfeGbf a9L /fhgLlts sfo{stf{ dfl/Psf jf ljqmd zfxb]jaf6 al/i7 /fhgLlt1 >L nf]sG ] b|axfb'/ ckx/0f ul/Psf] s'/f hgfOPsf] lyof] . t;y{ >L b]pjfn] rGbnfO{ gof k|wfgd+qL lgo'Qm ul/aS:of] . >L rGb ' of] . Ps jif{sf] nflu r'gfjsf] ltly ;fg]{ l;kmfl/; ug{e b]zsf] k|wfgd+qL aGg' x'g] ljut & jif{leqsf !! cf}+ / >L b]pjfsf ultljlwnfO{ st{Aoaf6 Ro't ePsf] 7x/fO{ ;g\ !((( sf] cfd lgjf{rg kl5sf rf}yf] k|wfgd+qL >L % af6 >L z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ kbd'Qm ub}{ c:yfoL 'G x'gx ' 5 . >L rGbn] ;g\ !((* df 5f]6f] ;dosf nflu ?kdf ;a} sfo{ s fl/0fL clwsf/x? cfkm} u| x 0f ;+oQ' m ;/sf/sf] g]tT [ j ug{' ePsf] lyof] eg] ;g\ !(() ul/aS:of] . ltly tf]lsO{ g;s]sf] eP klg cfufdL df lgb{nLo k+rfotL Joj:yfsf pxf clGtd k|wfgd+qL lgjf{rgdf pDd]baf/ gaGg] :jR5 5lj ePsf JolQmsf] x'g' x'GYof] . k|wfgd+qL rGbn] clxn] g]tT [ j ug{' ePsf] [ j jf To:tf JolQm ;dfj]z ePsf] d+qLkl/ifb\sf] g]tT afO;;b:oLo d+qLkl/ifb\df ;fwf/0ftofM If]qLo tyf sf]i7 !M pknlAwsf ?kdf ;x;|fAbLsf] ljsf;sf nIox? -Pd=8L=hL=_ ;g\ () sf] bzsdf g]kfnsf] ljsf;df ePsf] k|ult d'Vo nIox? [ Qx? jt{dfg l:ylt tyf k|jl ;g\ !(() b]lv ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf b}lgs g]kfndf cg'dflgt $@% hg;+Vof ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf] . t'ngf ug{sf nflu tYof+sx?sf] Ps cd]l/sL 8n/eGbf sd cfh{g ug]{ cefj ePsf] ;Gbe{df g]kfn hLjg:t/ ;j]I { f0f bf]>f]sf] sfof{Gjog geOsg k|jl[ tsf af/]df hg;+VofnfO{ cfwfn] 36fO{ ltgLx?sf] b}lgs oyfy{ ?kdf yfxf kfpg k|foM ;+ej b]lvb}g . t/ xfn}sf] Go"g txsf] cfly{s j[l4b/nfO{ x]bf{ vf;} cfDbfgL a9fpg] . } . ;'wf/ x'g] ck]Iff ug{ ;ls+bg ;a} jfnjflnsfnfO{ ;g\M @)!% ;Dddf ;g\M () sf] bzsdf k|fylds ljBfno pd]/ ;d'xsf jfnjflnsfx?sf] egf{b/df j[l4 eO{ *) {. k|fylds ljBfnodf egf{ ug] k|ltzt k'us ] f] . t/ xfn} b]lvPsf] ;'wf/sf] ultdf ltj|tf gcfPdf nlIft p2]Zo xf;Ln ug{ uf¥xf] x'g] . k|fylds÷dfWolds lzIffsf If]qdf ljBdfg ;g\ !((( sf ljleGg txsf tYof+sx?nfO{ Wofg lbbf ljBfno lzIffdf aflnsfx?sf] kx'r df n}l¨s c;dfgtfnfO{ ;g\ @))% ;Dddf pNn]vgLo ;'wf/ ePsf] kfOPsf] . jflnsf / afnsx?sf] egf{b/sf] cg'kft k|fylds tyf { ug] lgd'n { . o:t}, afls ;a} txdf klg ;g\ ] Dd of] nIo ;g\ @))% ;Dddf k|fKt x'g] ;+efjgf sd dfWolds b'a} txdf () k|ltzt gk'u; @)!% ;Dddf of] c;dfgtf x6fO{ n}¨s /x]sf] . ;dfgtf / dlxnf ;zlQms/0fsf] lbzfdf k|ult xf;Ln ug] {. lzz' tyf jfn d[To'b/nfO{ ;g\ () b]lv lzz' tyf kfr jif{dl' gsf afnaflnsfx¿sf] d[To'b/ ljut Ps bzsdf pNn]vgLo ?kdf 36]sf], ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf tLg÷rf}yfO{n] sd ug] {. h;df lzz' d[To'b/ ^$ -k|lt Ps xhf/ hGddf_ / kfr aif{dl' gsfx?sf] d[To'b/ (! df 36]sf] . o;f] eP tfklg IF]qLo cfwf/df Aofks ljzdtf /xg'sf ;fy} u|fld0f IF]qx?df d[To'b/ pRr /x]sf] . dft[ d[To'b/nfO{ ;g\ !(() b]lv @)!% ;g\ !((^ df dft[ d[To'b/ %#( -k|lt Ps nfv k|hgg_ /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . t/ klxn]sf ;Dddf tLg rf}yfOsf] cg'kftdf 36fpg] cg'dfgx?;+u t'ngf ug{ ;lsb}g . :jf:Yo k|bfosx?n] ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] sfo{df s]xL k|ult xf;Ln eP klg nlIft p2]Zo xf;Ln x'g sl7gfO{ ePsf] . Pr=cfO{=eL=P8\;sf] km}nfj6, dn]l/of tyf cwfjlws tYof+ssf] cefjdf Pr=cfO{=eL=P8\;sf] l:yltsf af/] oyfy{ cf+sng ug{ ;+ej cGo /f]ux? ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf cfwfn] sd gePsf] / Pr=cfO{=eL= sf] b/ ltj| ?kdf al9/x]sf] . ug]{ b] z sf] gLlt tyf sfo{ q mdx?df bLuf] df6f]sf] pj{/f zlQmsf] Ifl0fs / t/fO{df cf;]l{ gssf] ;d:ofaf6 jftfj/0fLo bLuf]kgfsf] ;d:of ljsf;sf l;4fGtx?nfO{ ;dflxt ug]{ / ePsf] b]lvG5 . t/ vfg]kfgL / jg If]qdf ePsf k|of;x?n] bLuf] ljsf;;+u ;DjlGwt ;d:ofx? ] x?sf] Ilt x'gaf6 hf]ufpg] . jftfj/0fLo ;|ft xn ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;g\ @))% ;Dddf bLuf] ljsf;sf] /fli6«o /0fgLltsf] th"d { f ul/g]5 . :jR5 vfg]kfgLdf :yfoL kx'r gePsf] vfg]kfgLdf dflg;x?sf] kx'r ltj| ?kdf a9\gs ' f ;fy} tYof+sx?n] ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf k|foM hg;+VofnfO{ cfwf 36fpg] . { . kx'r ;a}n] :jR5 vfg]kfgL k|fKt ug] a9] klg kfgLsf] u'0f:t/sf] eg] ;d:of /xg ;Sg] . ] M ;x;|fAbLsf] ljsf;sf nIox¿sf] k|ult k|ltj]bg, ;+=/f=;+= sfo{6f]nL, km]ac ;|ft '| /L, @))@ / sd{rf/Lx?sf] cg'dfg ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f # hftLo ;Gt'ng ldn]sf] kfOG5 . o; cGtl/d ;/sf/n] tfklg cGo 5fkfdf/ o'4x?df em}+ zf;gdf ;'wf/sf -s_ zflGt;'/Iff axfn ug],{ -v_ :ylut lgjf{rg ;DkGg ;fy} ul/aL / åGå a9fpg] lsl;dsf ;d:ofx?sf] ug],{ -u_ ;/sf/L txsf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug],{ -3_ ;dfwfg ug]{ OdfGbf/ k|of; geP;Dd bL3{sfnLg zflGt ;a} d'ns ' x?;+u d}qLk"0f{ ;DaGw sfod /fVg] / -ª_ :yfkgf x'g ;Qm}g . hgtfsf] ;]jfsf nflu b]zsf] b}lgs k|zf;g k|efjsf/L tyf ;Ifdtfsf ;fy ;+rfng ug]{ lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] 5 . cfly{s ljsf; g]kfnsf nflu ;xfotf /0fgLlt nfu' ePkl5 g]kfnsf] u|fdL0f If]qdf s]Gb|Lt /xL jt{dfg /fhgLltnfO{ cy{tGqn] b|Q ' t/ j[l4b/ / ck]Iffs[t ?kdf bl/nf] hgu0ftGqfTds k|0ffnLdf ?kfGtl/t ug]{ p2]Zoaf6 a[xt\ cfly{s l:ylt xf;Ln ub}{ tLa| cwf]ultsf ;fy ;fdfGo ?kdf z'? ePsf] dfcf]jfbL ljb|fx ] df xfn;Dd sdhf]/ cj:yfdf k'u/ ] Ps kmGsf] df/]sf] 5 . cf=j= ;/sf/L tYofÍcg'?k em08} & xhf/eGbf a9L dflg;n] ;g\ (( / cf=j= )! aLrsf] cjlwdf ;di6Lut Hofg u'dfO;s]sf 5g\ . of] dfcf]jfbL ljb|fx ] nfO{ ;g\ s"=u|f=p= df cf};t jflif{s %=@ k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] !&)) sf] dWolt/ g]kfn Plss/0f kl5 ;a}eGbf lyof], t/ cf=j= ;g\ )@ df j[l4b/ cToflws 36\g nfdf] ;do;Dd ePsf] /Qmkftk"0f{ åGåsf ?kdf lnOPsf] uO{ )=* k|ltztdf em/]sf] 5 -tflnsf ! x]gf]; \ . { _ 5 . ;g\ @))! sf] dWolt/ ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL aLr xfn}sf] dGbL Jofks lsl;dsf] eP klg o;f] x'gd ' f o'4 la/fd ug]{ ;xdlt eO{ dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ /fhg}lts d'VotM j:t'ut pTkfbg tyf ko{6g, s[lif pTkfbg / d"nk|jfxdf ;dflxt ug]{ cfzf /fVb} ;/sf/af6 jftf{sf] lgof{tdf cfPsf] sdL lhDd]jf/ /x]sf] kfOG5 . a9\bf] yfngL ul/Psf] lyof] . b]zsf] /fhg}lts eljiosf ljQLo sl7gfO{n] ubf{ cfly{s Joj:yfkgdf r"gf}lt nflu ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfunfO{ ;/sf/n] c:jLsf/ ug]{ b]vfk/]sf] 5 . cfly{s ultljlwdf x«f; cfPsf] sf/0f ePsf] s'/fsf] k"jf{ef; kfP/ ;g\ @))@ sf] gf]eD ] a/ /fhZj ;+sngdf sdL cfPsf] 5 eg] o;}a]nf dlxgfdf dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;/sf/;+usf] jftf{ e+u u/]sf ;'/Iff;DaGwL vr{ a9]sf] x'b f cfGtl/s C0fef/df lyP . jftf{ e+u x'gf ;fy} dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;'/Iff kmf}h j[l4 ePsf] 5 . rfn' cfly{s jif{ klg cy{tGq o:tf tyf ;fj{hlgs ;DklQdfly >[v + nfa4 ?kdf cfqmd0f ;d:ofx?af6 d'Qm gePsf]n] dWod cjlwsf] l:ylt u/]/ dfcf]jfbLx?n] b]pjf ;/sf/nfO{ pgLx?nfO{ r"gf}ltk"0f{ x'g] b]lvG5 . cft+ssf/L 3f]lift ub}{ ;g\ @))! sf] gf]eD ] a/ @^ tfl/vsf lbg b]zdf ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff vf;u/L lgof{tdf ePsf] cToflws j[l4 / u}/s[lif ug{ pQ]lht kf/]sf lyP . o;kl5 klxnf] k6s ;]gf If]qdf ePsf] ljsf;n] cf=j= (* b]lv cf=j= )) -o;cl3 dfcf]jfbL lj?4 k|x/L / cw{;}lgsx? dfq ;Dd g]kfnsf] cfly{s j[l4 tLa|ultdf x'g;Sof] . a[xt\ pq]sf_ dfcf]jfbL ljb|fx] Lx?sf] lj?4df d}bfg pq]sf] cfly{s l:y/tf / ;g\ () sf] bzssf] z'?sf nufgL xf] . s]xL ;/sf/L tYofÍx?sf cg';f/ ;}lgs sf/afxL tyf Aofkf/ dx;'nsf b/x?df ePsf] pbf/Ls/0f z'? ul/Psf] klxnf] Ps jif{df $ xhf/ # ;o hgfsf] cy{tGqsf] cg's"n /x\of] . Jofks ?kdf a9]sf] ] :jtGqtf / sltko df}lns d[To' ePsf] lyof] . k|; Jofkf/sf sf/0f cy{tGqdf v'nfkg cfPsf] lyof] . xsx?df aGb]h nufOPsf] ;+s6sfnLg cfb]znfO{ klxnf] vf;u/L cf]=O=;L=8L= d'ns ' x? -cd]l/sL 8n/df_ / k6s ;g\ @))@ sf] km]ac '| /L dlxgfsf] cGTolt/ ;+;bn] ef/t;+usf] lgof{tdf jflif{s !% k|ltzteGbf a9L cg'df]bg u/]sf] lyof] / To;kl5 eg] cWofb]z dfkm{t b/n] j[l4 eof] . ljleGg sf/0fx?n] s[lifsf] j[l4b/ o;sf] ;dofjlw a9fpb} cui6 dlxgfsf] cGTodf cfP/ /fd|f] x'guPsf]n] ljsf;sf] cfwf/ lj:tfl/t x'g k'us ] f] :jtM ;dfKt x'g lbOPsf] lyof] . lyof] . dnvfbsf] k|of]udf a9f]Q/L, gub] afnL nufpg] t km{ a9\ b f] em' s fj eO{ v] t L k| 0 ffnLdf vf;} eGg] xf] eg] u|fdL0f If]qdf zf;gdf clwsf/ ljljwLs/0f, u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/df ;'wf/ / s[lif shf{sf] :yflkt ug{sf nflu of] åGå ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;g\ !(() pknAwtf h:tf sf/0fx?af6 s[lifsf] j[l4 x'g;s]sf] df ;+;bLo k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kgf ePkl5 sdhf]/ lyof] . l:yltdf /x]sf ;/sf/x?n] zx/L a'l4hLljx?sf] lxt Pj+ e|i6frf/nfO{ a9fjf lbg'sf ;fy} hftLo tyf cf=j= )! sf] clGtd rf}dfl;slt/ ljleGg sf/0fx?n] ;fdflhs tgfjsf sf/0f ul/aLdf hsl8Psf] u|fdL0f ubf{ cfly{s ultljlwdf Jofks ?kdf dGbL b]vfk¥of] . If]qnfO{ ljsf;sf w]/} yf]/} k|ltkmn dfq lbg k'u ]. ;]K6]Da/ !! sf] 36\gfkl5 a9]sf] ljZjJofkL dGbLn] ] Lx?n] o;/L l;h{gf ePsf] z'Gotfaf6 dfcf]jfbL ljb|fx vf;u/L To; If]qsf] Aofkf/ k|efljt x'g'sf ;fy} kmfObf lng] df}sf kfP . ;]gfsf] kl/rfngaf6 g]kfnaf6 x'g] lgof{tsf] dfud} sdL cfof] . o:tf] ljifd ] Lx?nfO{ sAhf hdfPsf If]q TofUg afWo kf/] ljb|fx kl/l:yltnfO{ /fhkl/af/df 36]sf] laof]u, g]kfnL sf+u; ]| $ ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f kf6L{ leqsf] cGt/snxnufotsf] /fhg}lts cl:y/tf af/] pAh]sf] clgZrosf] cGTo x'guof] . t/ gof / ;/sf/df af/Daf/sf] kl/jt{gn] emg\ ljifd agfPsf] Joj:yfdf d"Noclej[l4 / sf]6fsf s8f zt{x? /x]sfn] lyof] . o;afx]s g]kfndf a9]sf] åGån] nufgLstf{x?df g]kfnsf] Jofkf/ / cy{tGqsf] k'g?4f/sf nflu yk clgZro a9fpg k'Uof] . oL ;a} sf/0fx?n] ubf{ a:t'ut sl7gfO{x? pTkGg x'g;Sg]5 . pTkfbgsf If]q / ko{6g Joj;fo -cf=j= )@ df xjfO dfu{af6 cfpg] ko{6ssf] ;+Vof #* k|ltztn] 36]sf] lgof{tdf dGbL pTkGg ePsf] eP klg e'Qmfg ;Gt'ng lyof]_ df x«f; cfof] eg] u}/s[lif If]qsf] j[l4 7Kk x'g -cf7 dlxgfsf nflu cfoft wfGg] ;+lrlt /x]sf]_ / k'Uof] . ;dodf kfgL gkgf{n] cy{tGqdf Ps ltxfO{ rfn'vftf ;Gt'ng cg'sn " /x]sf] 5 . cf=j= )! sf] of]ubfg /x]sf] s[lif If]qsf] pTkfbg ;d]t -cf=j= )@ t'ngfdf cf=j= )@ df g]kfnL >ldsx?n] ljb]zaf6 df !=% k|ltztn]_ 36\of] . k7fPsf] cfDbfgLdf em08} bf]Aa/ j[l4 / cfoftdf cfPsf] sdLn] ubf{ pko'Qm{ ;Gt'ngx? cg'sn " /x]sf] ;g\ !(() sf] bzsdf vf;u/L cfly{s j[l4sf] cfwf/sf xf] . b]zdf al9/x]sf] cl:y/tfn] ljb]zaf6 d'ns ' df ?kdf /x]sf] lgof{t If]q / ko{6g Joj;fodfly u+eL/ lelqg] cfDbfgLdf x«f; x'g;Sg] a9\bf] ;+efjgfsf sf/0f ?kdf k|lts"n k|efj k¥of] . cd]l/sL 8n/sf] lx;fadf a[xt\ cy{tGqdf k|lts"n cj:yf l;h{gf x'g] vt/f cf=j= (( / cf=j= )) df lgof{t qmdzM !* / @& cfpg ;Qm5 . k|ltztn] ePsf] lyof] . h;dWo] tof/L kf]zfs, un}r + f / k:dLgfsf] lgof{tn] s'n lgof{tsf] em08} cfwf lx:;f cf=j= )! sf] clGtd rf}dfl;sb]lv ljQLo l:yltdf cf]u6]sf] lyof] . rfk kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . s/ gLltx? / k|zf;lgs If]qdf ul/Psf ;'wf/x?sf sf/0f cf=j= (( / cf=j= )) df cf=j= )@ df ef/tafx]s cGo b]zx?;+u g]kfnsf] ljQLo 3f6f s'=u|f=p= sf] % k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf lgof{t #& k|ltztn] -cf=j= )! df $ k|ltztn] /x]sf] / /fhZjdf #% k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] lyof] . t/ a9]sf] t'ngfdf_ 36\of] eg] ef/t;+usf] lgof{t j[l4 @# s/sf b/x?df cw{jflif{s ;dfof]hg ul/P klg cfly{s k|ltztaf6 !! k|ltztdf emg{ k'Uof] . kmn:j?k, cf=j= dGbLn] ubf{ cf=j= )@ df /fhZj #=# k|ltztn] dfq )@ df cfoftdf (=% k|ltztn] -cf=j= )! df #=% a9]sf] 5 . ;'/Iff vr{sf sf/0f lgoldt vr{df ePsf] k|ltztn] a9]sf] t'ngfdf_ 36]/ cfly{s dGbL b]vfk/]sf] j[l4 / /fhZj ;+sngdf cfPsf] sdLn] cf=j= )@ df 5 . ;g\ @))@ sf] dfr{ dlxgfdf g]kfnef/t Aofkf/ s'=u|f=p= sf] ^ k|ltzt a/fa/ ljQLo Go"gtf cfpg] ;Demf}tfsf] gjLs/0f ePsf]n] ef/t;+usf] Aofkf/sf cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . o;df pNn]vgLo s'/f s] 5 eg] tflnsf !M d'Vo cfly{s kl/;"rsx¿, cf=j= (* cf=j= )# c+lst s"=u|f=p= -cf=j= )!_M %%,%^@ nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ cf=j (* cf=j=(( cf=j= )) cf=j= )! cf=j= )@ cf=j= )# hg;+Vof -cf=j= )!_M @ s/f]8 #^ nfv cg'dfg k|If]k0f k|If]k0f a[l4 -k|ltzt kl/jt{g_! ahf/ d"Nodf oyfy{ s"=u|f=p @=( $=% ^=@ $=* )=* #=* art tyf nufgL -s"=u|f=p=sf] k|ltzt_ s"n nufgL @$=* @)=% @$=@ @$=# @#=^ @%=$ /fli6«o art @@=! @!=) @$=& @%=$ @$=^ @%=^ h;dWo]M ;fj{hlgs art !=# )=( !=! )=@ !=) )=( d"No :t/ -k|ltzt kl/jt{g_ pkef]Qmf d"No !@=) (=) )=^ #=$ #=% $=# p=d"=;" -cf};t_ #=# !@=* #=$ @=$ @=( $=) s"=cf=p=sf] Go"gtf $=@ *=* $=$ #=! #=% $=# ;/sf/L ah]6 -s"=u|f=p=sf] k|ltzt_ s"n /fhZj !)=% !)=@ !)=& !!=$ !!=$ !!=^ s"n vr{ !^=* !%=$ !%=& !&=^ !&=$ !&=% rfn' vr{ (=@ (=$ (=^ !!=@ !@=$ !@=^ k"hLut vr{ / v'b shf{ &=^ ^=! ^=! ^=$ %=) %=) cg'bfgkl5 ;du| 3f6f $=% #=( #=% $=% $=) #=^ cg'bfgcl3 ;du| 3f6f ^=# %=@ %=) ^=@ ^=) ^=) cfGt/Ls C0f -v'b_ )=^ !=$ )=( @=& @=^ @=# != of] a[l4b/sf] k|If]k0f ;g\ @))@ sf] h'nfOdf ul/Psf] xf] / o;df sdL cfpg ;Sg]5 . ljQLo k|If]k0fx? ;DalGwt lgsfox¿sf] k|f/lDes cg'dfgdf cfwfl/t 5 . ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f % o;/L Go"gtf kl/k"lt{ ug]{ qmddf cf=j= )) df s'=u|f=p= l:ylt / cfly{s k"jf{wf/x?dflysf cfqmd0fx?n] ko{6g sf] )=( k|ltztn] / cf=j= )@ df s'=u|f=p= sf] @=^ Joj;fodfly k|ToIftM k|lts"n c;/ kg{' afx]s k|ltztn] cfGtl/s C0fef/df j[l4 ePsf] 5 . o:tf] Jofj;flos jftfj/0fnfO{ g} lauf/]sf] / nufgLstf{x?df cfGtl/s C0fsf] em08} *) k|ltzt jfl0fHo a}s + x? / clgZro a9fPsf] 5 . bf]>f], cf]=O=;L=8L= d'ns ' x?df u}/a}s + x? -o; ;d'xsf 7"nf v/Lbstf{x?df aLdf g]kfnaf6 x'g] lgof{tsf] ;+efJotfnfO{ xfnsf] ljZjJofkL sDkgL / ;+rosf]if kb{5g\_ n] lwtf]kq p7fOlbP/ dGbL / dN6LkmfOa/ P/]~hd]06 -Pd\=okm=P=_ sf] kl/k"lt{ eO/x]sf] kfOG5 t/ cfly{s dGbLn] ubf{ ;dflKtaf6 yk cf3ft k'Ub5 . t]>f], a9\bf] ljQLo Aofhb/df vf;} k|efj kg{ ;s]sf] b]lvb}g + . g]kfnsf] c;Gt'ngn] a[xt\ cfly{s l:y/tfdf vt/f k'Ug] ;+efjgf ljQLo clwlgodn] cl3Nnf] jif{sf] /fhZj ;+sngsf] /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] o:tf k|lts"n l:yltx?sf] ;fdgf % k|ltzteGbf a9L s]Gb|Lo a}s + n] ljQLo Go"gtf k"lt{ ug{M -s_ ;'/Iffsf] k'ga{xfnL / lghL If]qsf] ljZjf; ug{ gkfOg] -cf=j= )@ df cfGtl/s C0f @) hufpg'kg],{ -v_ lghL If]qsf lgldQ cg'sn " jftfj/0f k| l tzteGbf sd /x] s f] _ ;Ldf tf] l slbPsf] n ] l;h{gf ug{sf nflu a[xt\ cfly{s l:y/tf / ljQLo d'bf ' g ul//fVg 6]jf k'us | l:kmltnfO{ ;+sr ] f] 5 . ;Gt'ng sfod ug{k ' g]{ / -u_ ljZjdf a9\bf] k|ltZkwf{nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL aGbJoj;fo ug{nfUg] vr{df sdL Nofpg] sltko sf/0fx?n] u}/s[lif If]qsf] dWod cjlwsf / pTkfbsTj clej[l4 ug{ cTofjZos pkfo cjnDjg ;+efJotfx?nfO{ w'dLn kfb}{ nu]sf] 5 . klxnf], ;'/Iff ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . # { f0fdf cfwfl/t 5 . u|fx{:Yo :t/sf] pkef]u, ul/aL / ltg\sf sf/sx?sf] k|jl[ Q;DaGwL hfgsf/L cBfjlws ug{sf of] ;g\ !((%÷!((^ sf] u|fx{:Yo ;j]I nflu ;g\ @))# sf] z'?lt/ g]kfn hLjg:t/ ;j]I { f0f -g]=hL=;+=_ k|f/De ul/g]5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] cflwsfl/s cg'dfgcg';f/ #* k|ltzt ul/aL -sf]i7 { _ # df x]gf]; \ /x]sf] 5 . & ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f ;'wf/ sfo{qmd / ;/sf/sf] b[li6sf]0f kl/ro g]kfnn] of]hgfj4 ljsf;sf qmddf 5}7f}+ k~ra;L{o of]hgf -!(*)!(*%_ df ul/aL s6f}lt ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf]df sf]i7 @M g]=lj=d+= @))@ sf] a}7s gjf}+ k~ra;L{o of]hgf -!((&@))@_ df cfOk'Ubf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ tof/L tyf tTjfjwfgdf r"gf}ltx? g]kfnn] ul/aL;+u ;DalGwt bL3{sfnLg nIox? ls6fg jLr ;g\ @))@ sf] g]kfn ljsf; d+rsf] j}7s ut u/L ul/aL lgjf/0f ug]{ b[9 ;+sNk lnPsf] 5 . km]j|'c/L $ b]lv & tf/Lv ;Dd kf]v/f tyf sf7df8f}+df ;DkGg eof] . g]=lj=d+=sf] j}7seGbf cl3 kfZj{ sfo{kqx? ;'wf/ sfo{qmd / ul/aL sd ug]{ sfo{qmdx?sf] Jofks ?kdf pknAw u/fOg'sf ;fy} ;/sf/L j]a ;fO6df ;d]t /flvPsf] lyof] . o; jf/]df gful/s ;dfhdf klg sfof{Gjog ;':t ultdf ePsf] / k]l/;df ;g\ @))) Jofks 5nkmn eof] . g]kfnL ;dfhsf ljleGg If]qsf df ;DkGg g]kfn ljsf; d~r -g]=lj=d=_ sf] a}7ssf em08} ! xhf/ dflg;x? k|f/lDes j}7sdf ;xefuL lyP a]nf;Dddf >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ul/aLsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg eg] To; kl5sf ;qx?df u}=;=;= tyf lghL If]q nufot ' f ;fy} s'zf;gn] ;du| ug]{ ;/sf/L Ifdtf lkmtnf] x'gs sl/j @ ;o hgfsf] ;xeflutf lyof] . /fHo k|0ffnLnfO{ g} sdhf]/ kfl//x]sf] s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ yfln;s]sf] lyof] . tt\ kZrft\ kl/l:yltsf] ;'wf/sf] sfof{Gjogsf jf/]df cwfjlws laj/0f pknAw u/fOg' jfx]s b;f}+ k~r jlif{o of]hgf÷ kL=cf/=P;=kL=÷ u+eL/tfk|lt Wofg lbb} >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ;g\ @))) d=c=v=;+=sf cEof;x?df a}7s s]Gb|Lt lyof] . ljsf;sf sf] g]=lj=d= sf] a}7sdf ul/aL sd ug]; { DaGwL a[xt\ ;xkfqLx?n] >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u hf/L /fVg] s'/f ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . pQm 3f]lift ;'wf/ hgfP klg ;]jfsf] ljt/0fdf 7f]; ;'wf/ / u/LjL lgjf/0fdf sfo{qmdn] cfly{s ljsf; / ul/aL sd ug]{ s'/fdf ljsf; sfo{qmdx?n] k|efj kf/]sf] b]lvg' kg]{ ;Gb]z a}7sdf d'Vo afws /x]sf kIfx?df Wofg s]Gb|Lt u/]sf] lyof] . k|eflxt ePsf] lyof] . oLgdf -s_ ljQLo gLlt tyf cfly{s Joj:yfkg, -v_ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ljsf; ;fem]bf/x?af6 sfo{qmlds lghfdtL ;]jfdf ;'wf/ tyf ljs]Gb|Ls/0fnufot 6]jf÷ah]6 ;xfotfsf] ck]Iff /fv]sf] lyof] . sltko zf;gsf cfwf/x?, -u_ lghL If]qsf] ljsf; tyf ljQLo bftfx?n] To:tf] larf/ k|lt ;xdlt hgfP klg To;sf If]qsf] ;'wf/ / -3_ ;xfotfsf] k|efjsf/Ltf a9fpg] nflu sfof{Gjog kIf k|efjsf/L ePdf dfq ;+ej x'g] s'/fx? ;dfj]z lyP . oL ;'wf/x? -s_ dfgj ljsf; s'/f cf}+NofPsf lyP . lgw{gx?df ;]jfsf] /fd|f];+u ljt/0f / -v_ jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkgsf ljifosf ;Gbe{df / e|i6frf/sf] cg'udg tyf lgoGq0fsf nflu ePsf k|of;x?sf] b]lvg' kg]{ s'/f cf}+NofPsf lyP . k|:t't ePsf x'g \ . vf;u/L b'Oj6f 7"nf a}s + x?sf] lau|b f] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ljQLo If]qsf] ;'wf/ -tn 5nkmn ul/Psf]_ sfo{qmd z'? ePsf] xf], h;nfO{ cy{ dGqfno -c=d=_ n] ;'wf/ k|lqmofsf] k|:yfg ljGb'sf] ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f ' ?kdf cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ e|i6frf/sf] h8sf] ?kdf /x]sf] k"/fgf] k|j[lQdf kl/jt{g Nofpg] Ps sf]i7 #M b;f}+ of]hgfsf] d:of}bf÷kL=cf/=o;=kL= sf] dxTjk"0f{ sbdsf ?kdf ;d]t lnOPsf] 5 . >L % sf] k|lqmof tyf dxTj ;/sf/n] ;'wf/ k|lqmofsf] sfof{Gjog af/]sf] k|ult >L % sf] ;/sf/n] b;f}+ k~r jlif{o of]hgf -;g\ @))@ ;g\ @))&_ ljj/0f ;g\ @))@ sf] g]=lj=d= sf] a}7sdf pknAw nfO{ b]zsf] ul/aL sd ug]{ /0fgLlt -kL=cf/=o;=_ sf ?kdf nfu' ug]{ u/fPsf] lyof] -sf]i7 @ x]gf]{;\_ . ;f]rfO{ /fv]sf] 5 . g]=lj=d+= sf] k"0f{ k/fdz{qmdsf ?kdf o;sf] tof/L eO{ b;f}+ of]hgf÷kL=cf/=o;=kL=sf] cjwf/0ff kq th"d { f u/L Jofks ;'wf/ k|lqmofsf] sfof{Gjog ;xh ?kdf geO{ ck]Iff 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u -/f=of]=cf=_ sf pkfWoIfsf] u/]eGbf ;':t ultdf eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu w]/} g]tT[ jdf ul7t lgb]z { s ;ldltn] o;sf] cEof;sf nflu cu'jf g]tT [j k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} ljleGg p; ;ldltx?n] kfZj{ cWoog Pj+ xb;Dd ;'b9 [ /fhg}lts g]tT [ jsf] cefj klg lhDd]af/ k|ltj]bgx?sf af/]df ;dGjo u/]sf lyP . dGqfnosf ;lrax?sf] 5 . cf=j= )! sf] bf]>f] cw{jflif{s cjlwdf cy{tGqdf g]tT [ jsf] k|fljlws ;d'xx?af6 ;'b9 [ cGt/ ;+:yf ;xeflutf tyf dGbL cfpg z'? ePsf] / Tof] cf=j= )@ df klg hf/L :jfldTjefjsf] k|j4{gsf nflu If]qut /0fgLltsf] th"d { f ug'{ k|fylds g} 5 . o;} ;dodf ljb|fx ] L ultljlwaf6 pTkGg vt/f lhDd]jf/L lyof] . o;/L th"d {[ f ePsf /0fgLltx?sf af/]df kfrj6f / ljQLo bafj a9\g yfn]kl5 >L % sf] ;/sf/ ;'wf/ If]qLo sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ldf gful/s ;dfh -dlxnf, blnt, >lds, 6]8 « k|lqmofsf] sfof{Gjogsf af/]df emg\emg\ u+eL/ x'b u } Psf] o'lgog h:tf_ sf aLr ljz]if k/fdz{qmd ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] . o:tf k/fdz{qmdaf6 :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] ;zlQms/0f÷;'b9 [ Ls/0f, 5 . x'g t w]/h } ;f] /fhg}lts g]tfx?df ;'wf/sf kIfdf s[lifsf] Jofj;foLs/0f÷cfw'lgsLs/0f cfwf/e"t÷k|fljlws lzIffsf] jf:tljs ?kdf k|lta4tfsf] cefj b]lvP klg k|fljlws k|j4{g, cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo tyf vfg]kfgLsf nflu yk ;'ljwf pknAw ljz]if1x?sf] Ps ;zQm ;'wf/d'vL ;d'xn] o;sf] dxTj u/fpg] / k|zf;lgs ;]jfsf] ;'wf/ tyf e|i6frf/ 36fpg b[9 pkfox? a'em]/ sfdsf/afxLnfO{ cl3 a9fPsf] 5 . xfn}sf cjnDag ug{ l;kmfl/;x? lyof] . o; cltl/Qm, l8=Pkm=cfO{=8L= n] dlxgfx?df sltko If]qdf ljz]iftM ljQLo If]q, ;g\ @))@ sf] h"g dlxgfdf kL=cf/=o;=kL sf] jftfj/0fLo kIfx?sf] e|i6frf/ lj?4, ;fj{hlgs vr{ / tTsfnsf] sfo{of]hgf ;dLIff ug{sf nflu Ps sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . o;nfO{ a}s + ÷cfO=Pd=Pkm=sf] ;+oQ ' m j}7sdf cg'udg ul/g] sfo{qmd -t=sf=of]=, kl/lzi6 x]gf]; \ sf] ljsf; sfof{Gjogsf { _ lyof] . If]qdf ;'wf/sf k|of;x? ;3g ?kdf s]Gb|Lt ePsf 5g\ . o;sf] k|ltpQ/df >L % sf] ;/sf/n] b;f}+ k~r >L % sf] ;/sf/n] b;f}+ of]hgf÷kL=cf/=o;=kL=sf] g]kfnL efiffsf] a;L{o of]hgfnfO{ ul/aL sd ug]{ /0fgLlt -u=s=/=, d:of}bf ut ;]K6]Da/ dlxgfdf hf/L u/]kl5 ;f] af/] 5nkmn ug{ sf]i7 # x]gf];{ _\ sf] ?kdf ?kfGt/ ug]{ / To;nfO{ /fli6«o :t/sf] ;]ldgf/ ePsf] lyof] kL=cf/=o;=kL=sf ljz]iftfx? o; dWod cjlwsf] vr{sf] ;+/rgf -d=c=v=;+=_ af6 6]jf k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\M n k/fdz{ k|lqmof ;xefuLtf d'ns x'gs ' f ;fy} ;/sf/L k|of;df k'¥ofpg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . ePsf] . n :ki6 nIox? ls6fg eO{ k|ltkmnd"vL ePsf] . o; qmddf cf=a= ;g\ )& ;Dddf ul/aLsf] b/nfO{ #* k|ltzt af6 #) k|ltzt df ljQLo gLlt tyf cfly{s 36fpg] nIo /flvPsf] . t]¥xj6f ;fdflhs nIox? xf;Ln ug]{ Joj:yfkg ls6fgL ul/Psf] . o;df ;x;|fAbLsf] ljsf;sf w]/} h;f] nIox? ljQLo gLltsf ;Gbe{df s'/f ubf{ g]kfnsf] s/ k|0ffnL ;dfj]z ePsf . o:t} cfly{s Joj:yfkgsf nIox? :ki6 x'gs ' f ;fy} dfkb08x? lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] . cfDbfgLsf] :t/cg'?k ck]Iffs[t ?kdf sd vlr{nf] n lghL If]q tyf lgof{taf6 xf;Ln x'g] j[l4b/nfO{ dxTj lbOPsf] . 5 . sd cfDbfgLdf cfwfl/t s/sf b/ / d"No clej[l4 o; /0fgLltsf rf/ c+ux?df s_ Jofks cfwf/sf] bLuf] tyf pRr s/x? k|rlnt 5g\ . o;f] eP tfklg ;'/Iff vr{df j[l4, v_ ;fdflhs If]q tyf k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf;, u_ ;fdflhs j[l4 / cfly{s dGbLn] ubf{ /fhZj ;+sng a9fpg' kg]{ d"nwf/af6 cnlUuPsf tyf ljkGgju{sf nflu nlIft sfo{qmdx?, / pko'Qm ?kn] vr{sf] Joj:yfkg ug{k ' g]{ cfjZostf / 3_ ;'zf;g /x]sf . n kL=cf/=o;=kL=;+u ;DalGwt ljsf; ah]6nfO{ /fd|f; + k|fyldsLs/0f ] u 5 . ;fj{ h lgs vr{ s f If] q df ;fj{ h lgs vr{ u/L ;fdflhs If]q -#( k|ltzt_, ef}lts tyf u|fld0f k"jf{wf/ -#& k'g/fjnf]sg cfof]u -;f=v=k'=cf=_ sf sfo{f/De ;+u} k|ltzt_ / s[lif yf jg -@$ k|ltzt_, df hf]8 lbOPsf] . dxTjk"0f{ k|ult ePsf] 5 . cfof]usf] ;g\ @))! dfr{ dlxgfsf] k|ltj]bgdf ;fj{hlgs vr{sf If]qdf bL3{sfnLg o;f] eP klg kL=cf/=o;=kL= d:of}bfdf sltko If]qx?df sdhf]/L ;'wf/sf nflu sltko l;kmfl/;x? ul/Psf 5g\ . /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . h;dfM s_ If]qut gLlt tyf /0fgLltx?df kof{Kt o;af6 b;f}+ of]hgf÷u=s=/=k|= sf] ljQLo cfwf/sf dfqfdf k|fyldsLs[t gePsf] Pj+ nIox?sf] 7f]; ?kdf ls6fgL x'g ?kdf dWod cjlwsf] vr{sf] ;+/rgf -d=c=v=;+=_ sf] g;s]sf] . v_ ul/Psf k|aGwx?sf] cg'udg / d"Nof+sg -sf]i7 & { _ x]gf]; \ sf] /fd|f] Joj:yf gePsf] . u_ o;df dxTjk"0f{ s'/fx? 5'6fOPsf], th{d' f ePsf] 5 . cf=j= )@ / cf=j= )# sf ah]6x?df h:t} dfcf]jfbL åGbsf af/] ljZn]if0f gul/Psf] . o;f] eP klg >L % ;f=v=k'=cf= sf l;kmfl/;x?nfO{ ;dflxt ul/Psf] 5, sf] ;/sf/ d:of}bfsf o:tf sdL sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ ;+af]wg ug{sf nflu h;df ljsf; ah]6sf] k|fyldsLs/0f, d=c=v=;+= sf] s[ofzLn /x]sf] kfOG5 . Joj:yf, ;+rosf]if ;DaGwL ;'wf/sf] z'?jft / ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f lbb} ljkGgju{x?df nlIft sltko sfo{qmdx?df yk sf]i7 $M ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf If]qdf ePsf] k|ult ljlgof]hg -cf=j= )! sf] vr{sf] t'ngfdf_ u/]sf] 5 . k|fyldstfk|fKt If]qx?df of] ah]6 d=c=v=;+= sf] /f]ln¨ gjf}+ k~rjlif{o of]hgfn] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf dfWodaf6 ;fj{hlgs Knfgdf klxnf] ah]6 xf] . ;]jfx?sf] k|efjsf/L ljt/0f u/L ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nIox? xf;Ln ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] lyof] . o;sf nflu lgDg sfo{x? ul/Psf 5g\M lghfdtL ;]jf tyf n :yfgLo :jzf;g k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/sf ?kdf /x]sf] :yfgLo ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ;dfj]z zf;gsf :jzf;g;DaGwL P]g -;g\ !((( kf/Lt ePsf]_ n] :yfgLo :jzf;gsf] e"ldsf / :yfgLo lgsfox?df clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ cfwf/x? s'/fnfO{ cfTd;ft u/]sf] . s'zf;g g]kfnsf] cfwf/e"t r"gf}ltsf ?kdf /x]sf] n ;g\ @))) df ;+;baf6 :yfgLo :jzf;g;DaGwL lgod / ljQLo 5 . g]kfnn] ljQLo Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ;+: + yfx? / lgod cg'df]lbt . hjfkmb]xLtfsf] ljsf;df /fd|f] k|ult xf;Ln u/]sf] n k|wfgd+qLsf] cWoIftfdf pRr:t/Lo ljs]Gb|Ls/0f sfof{Gjog eP klg w]/h } ;f] o:tf ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtfsf sf/0f cg'udg ;ldlt -lj=sf=c=;=_ sf] u7g . ltg\sf] k|efjsf/Ltfdf c;/ kl//x]sf] 5 . ;+;bsf] n lj=sf=c=;= n] a[xt\ -;f7LeGbf a9L sfo{qmdx? ;dfj]z_ tyf ;doa4 ljs]Gb|Ls/0f sfof{Gjog of]hgfnfO{ :jLs[t u/L ;a} tNnf] ;bgsf] la36g x'gc ' l3 b]zdf ;lqmo ;fj{hlgs dGqfnox?nfO{ To;sf] sfof{Gjog yfNg lgb]{lzt u/]sf] . n]vf ;ldlt /x]sf] lyof] . o:t} g]kfndf :jtGq dxfn]vf n cf=j= )@ sf] ah]6df cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff, k|fylds k/LIfs, ;'Jojl:yt n]vf k|0ffnL ckgfpg] ljQLo :jf:Yo, s[lif tyf cGo ;]jfx?sf] ;+rfngsf] lhDdf :yfgLo dxflgoGqssf] sfof{no, a9\bf] ?kdf ;lqmo clVtfof/ lgsfox?nfO{ ;'lDkOPsf] . tfTsfnLs sfo{of]hgfcGtu{t :yfgLo b'?kof]u lgjf/0f cfof]u -c=b'=lg=cf=_ / s]xL ;docl3 lgsfox?nfO{ k|fylds ljBfno / pk:jf:Yo rf}sLx?sf] x:tfGt/0f u7g ul/Psf] e|i6frf/;DaGwL d'2f x]g{] ljz]if cbfnt ug]{ sfo{sf] yfngL . n :yfgLo :jzf;g;DaGwL P]g;+u aflemPsf b;j6f If]qut P]gx?nfO{ klg lqmofzLn 5g\ . xfn}dfq c=b'=lg=cf= n] cy{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ af/]sf ljw]osx? ;+;bdf k|:t't ul/Psf], / dGqfnocGtu{tsf @@ hgf lghfdtL sd{rf/Llj?4 n :yfgLo lgsfo ljQLo ;ldltsf] k| l tj] b gdf plNnlvt sf/afxL yfn]sf] 5 eg] /fli6«o Wjhfafxs ljdfg l;kmfl/;x?nfO{ qmlds ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu ljQLo sDkgLsf sfo{sf/L cWoIf / ef}lts of]hgf dGqfnosf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f cfof]usf] u7g . Pshgf ;x;lrjnfO{ c;fdfGo ?kdf cs't ;DklQ hDdf kf/]sf] cfz+sfdf sf/afxL z'? u/]sf] 5 . o:t} b'O{ hgf k"j{ d+qLx? / hn;|ft ] d+qfnosf b'O{ hgf ljs]Gb|Ls/0fnfO{ lj:tfl/t ?kdf nfu' ug]{ s'/fx? clwsf/Lx?nfO{ e|i6frf/sf] cleof]udf @% lbgsf nflu ;dfj]z 5g\ . ;g\ @))@ sf] g]=lj=d+= sf] a}7sdf GofoLs lx/f;tdf /fv]sf] 5 . g]kfndf ljz]if cbfntn] k|:t't ul/Psf] d=c=v=;+= sf] klxnf] d:of}bfdf kfr o;/L d+qL :t/sf JolQmx?sf lj?4 sf/afxL k|f/De j6f d'Vo d+qfnox?sf ;DaGwdf lyof] eg] clxn];Dddf u/]sf] of] klxnf] k6s xf] -oBlk s'g} klg dxTjk"0f{ ;a} d+qfnox?sf nflu d=c=v=;+= tof/ kfg]{ sfo{ JolQmnfO{ cfhsf] ldlt;Dd b08 lbOPsf] eg] 5}g_ . k"/f eO;s]sf] 5 . e|i6frf/ ljBdfg 5 eGg] af/] JofKt b[li6sf]0f /x]sf] kl/k|I ] odf ljQLo Joj:yfkg / hjfkmb]xLtfsf ljifox? ;a} d+qfnox?sf nflu dWod cjlwsf] vr{sf] ;+/rgf klg pl7/x]s} 5g\ . o;} ;Gbe{df xfn} yflnPsf k|of;x? -d=c=v=;+=_ df -s_ If]qut b[li6sf]0f, -v_ b;f}+ :jfutof]Uo x'gs ' f ;fy} ;xL lbzfdf cl3 al9/x]sf] k~ra;L{o of]hgfsf] cjwf/0fkqdf cfwfl/t /fli6«o 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm ;f=v=k'=cf=n] ljQLo Joj:yfkgsf :t/sf If]qut nIox?sf] lgwf{/0f, -u_ sfo{qmdsf] ;DaGwdf sltko l;kmfl/;x? u/]sf] 5 eg] xfn} dfq d'ne"t p2]Zo, -3_ If]qut p2]Zox?, oL p2]Zox? ;DkGg g]kfnsf nflu ljQLo hjfkmb]xLtf ;+k/LIf0fåf/f xf;Ln ug{sf nflu rflxg] k|ltkmn / ultljlwx?, -ª_ ul/Psf l;kmfl/;x?sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu Ps /fli6«o If]qut p2]Zox? xf;Ln ug{ k|of]u x'g] /0fgLlt, -r_ :t/sf] ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] tLg jif{;Dd ;|ft] sf] pknAwtf /xg] cfwf/df rfn' d'bf| sf] cglws[t sf/f]af/nfO{ /f]Sg k|f/lDes r/0fdf kl/of]hgfx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f / -5_ cltl/Qm ;|ft ] ;f] ;DaGwL P]gsf] d:of}bf tof/ kf/L Tof] ;d:ofsf] pknAw ePsf] v08df sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] ;+efJo xn vf]Hg]tkm{ kfOnf rfn]sf] 5 . xfn s]Gb|Lo a}s + sf] kl/of]hgfx?sf] ;"lr h:tf s'/fx? ;dfj]z 5g\ . lgb]z { sx?sf] a}7sdf 5nkmn eO/x]sf] pQm d:of}bf k|fyldsLs/0fnfO{ 7f]; ?kdf cl3 a9fpg cf=j= P]gdf ljQLo ;"rgf OsfO{ u7g ug]{ k|fjwfg klg )@÷cf=j=)# sf ah]6x?df dxTjk"0f{ ;fj{hlgs a:t' /x]sf] 5 . To;eGbf klg eljiosf] Jofkf/ gLltsf] tyf ;]jfx?df x'g] ;du| vr{df j[l4 ul/Psf] 5 . kf/bzL{tfsf] kIfdf of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] 5 . ljZj Aofkf/ oLg\df lzIff, :jf:Yo, :yfgLo ljsf; / s[lif kb{5g\ . ;+3 -8An'=l6=cf]=_ df ;+nUg x'g g]kfn k|of;/t\ 5 / o;}u/L ah]6n] cGt/If]qut k|fyldsLs/0fdf hf]8 of] ;+nUgtfaf6 zf;gz}nLdf :yfoL ;'wf/ cfpg ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f ;Qm5 . oBlk, lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog l9nf] ultdf eO/x]sf] / lghfdtL ;]jfsf l/Qm /x]sf Psfw kbx? vf/]h ug]{ afx]s vf;} pknlAw + / g]kfn a}s sf]i7 %M /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}s + lnld6]8 xf;Ln ePsf] 5}g . g]kfnsf b'O{ 7"nf a}+sx? /fli6"o jfl0fHo a}+s / g]kfn a}+s ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf dfWodaf6 ;]jfx?sf] lnld6]8sf] s"n a}l+ s¨ ;DklQdf %) k|ltzt of]ubfg /x]sf] ljt/0f lskmfotLk"0f{ 9+uaf6 x'g] ;+efAotfnfO{ Wofgdf 5 . cfO{=8L=P=sf] ;xof]udf pk/f]Qm b'O{ a}+sx?sf af/] g]kfn /fvL g] k fnn] blIf0f Pl;ofd} /fd| f ] dflgPsf] + sf] lgb]z /fi6« a}s { gdf ;g\ !(((÷@))) df ul/Psf] cWoog ljs]Gb|Ls/0f;DaGwL P]gsf] nfu' u/]sf] 5, t/ To;sf] tL a}s+ x?sf] ;+rfng, Joj:yfkg nufot k|foM ;a} kIfx?df sfof{Gjog eg] dGb ultdf dfq eO/x]sf] 5 . ;g\ u+eL/ sdL sdhf]/L Pj+ ;d:ofx? /x]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] . cWoog k|ltj]bgdf z+sf:kb shf{x? w]/} /x]sf]n] k|fljlws ?kdf oL !((( sf] :yfgLo :jzf;g;DaGwL P]g -:yf=:j=zf=P]=_ a}+sx? lbjfnLof x'g] cj:yfdf /x]sf] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] n] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf af/]df dxTjfsf+IfL nIox? /fv] Ps cg'dfgsf cg';f/ b'a} a}s + x? $% a/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ tfklg s]xL pknlAwx? xf;Ln x'g' -sf]i7 $ x]gf]; \ { _ a/fa/af] 3f6fdf rln/x]sf -;g\ !((* sf] dWolt/_, h'g afx]s 7f]; k|ltkmn k|fKt ug{sf nflu cem} w]/} ug{ ;/sf/L ah]6sf] sl/a $^ k|ltzt / s'=u|f=p=sf] *=^ k|ltzt afsL g} /x]sf] 5, h;df :yfgLo txsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 + x?sf] l:yltdf ;'wf/ cfpg x'g cfp5 . tt\kZrft\ klg b'a} a}s ug]{ s'/f klg kb{5 . ;g\ @))@ sf] g]=lj=d+= sf] g;s]sf]n] ltgLx?sf] 3f6f cem} a9\g uPsf] x'g;Sb5 . a}7sdf >L % sf] ;/sf/n] k|:t't u/]sf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f pQm cWoogdfM s_ tL a}sx?sf] Joj:yfkg sfd ug{ csd{Go /0fgLltdf -s_ ljQLo k|Tofof]hg, -v_ Ifdtf clej[l4 ePsf] , v_ shf{sf af/] e/kbf]{ tYof+ssf] cefj, u_ ljQLo / -u_ cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg ;DaGwL s'/fx? ;dfj]z lx;fj lstfj /fVg] tl/sf k"/fgf] vfnsf] eO{ cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 lyP . ljs]Gb|Ls/0f sfof{Gjog cg'udg ;ldlt cg'?k gePsf], 3_ Jofj;foLs /0fgLltsf] cefj, 8=_ Joj:yfkg -lj=sf=c=;=_ n] ljQLo ljs]Gb|Ls/0f;DaGwL ;+/rgfnfO{ /fhgLlt k|]l/t eO{ To;df Jofj;foLstfsf] cefj /x]sf] s'/f cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] 5 t/ Tof] sfof{Gjog x'g afsL g} kfOPsf] lyof] . o:tf ;d:ofx?sf] ;fdgf ug{sf nflu ;g\ @))) sf] ;]K6]Da/ dlxgfdf g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] /f=jf=j}= / /x]sf] 5 . o:t} :yfgLo lgsfosf sfo{x? / s]Gb|Lo g]=a}=ln= sf] Joj:yfkg Jofj;foLs ?kdf bIf ;d'xnfO{ ;/sf/sf If]qut OsfO{sf sfo{qmdx? cfk;df h'Wg] x:tfGt/0f ug{ cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf lj1fkg u/]sf] lyof] . jf bf]xl/g] u/]sfn] o; ;d:ofsf] lgbfg vf]Hg h?/L eO;s]sf] 5 . ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ;fd'bflos ljsf; kl/of]hgfx?df l;wf ;xof]u lbg] lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] 5 . sfof{Gjog eO;s]sf eP klg ca cf=j= )$ sf o; p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;, :yfgLo of]hgfx? :yfgLo lgsfox?df lgjf{lrt ;d'bfosf] dfucg'?ksf] ;fgf k"jf{wf/ kl/of]hgfx? / k|ltlglwx?sf] cefjdf s]s;/L ;+rfng ul/g] x'g\ cfo cfh{gsf lqmofsnfkx?df ljQLo ;xfotf pknAw eGg] s'/f eg] cGof}ndf 5 . :yfgLo lgsfosf sfo{x?df u/fpg] dfWodsf ?kdf Ps :jfoQ / kf/bzL{ ul/aL afwf gxf];\ eGgsf nflu :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] r'gfj lgjf/0f sf]if -u=lg=sf]=_ agfpg]tkm{ ;f]rfO{ /x]sf] 5 . hlt;Sbf] rf8f] ug{k' g]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . olb ljZj;gLo, kf/bzL{ / sd vlr{nf] u=lg=sf]= sf] :yfkgf x'g;s]df o;n] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ljQLo ;xof]udf ;+rflnt w]/} sfo{qmdx?sf] ;§f bft[ lghL If]qsf] ljsf; ;xfotfk|fKt sfo{qmdx?sf] sfo{fGjog OsfO{sf ?kdf / ljQLo If]qsf] ;'wf/ emg\ lj:tfl/t :j?k lng;Sg] ;+efjgf b]lvG5 . lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf g]kfnn] k"jf{wf/x?sf] la:tf/sf nflu lgofds ;'wf/x? ug]{ sfo{df pNn]vgLo ;g\ @))@ sf] h'nfO{ dlxgfsf] dWolt/ ufp÷gu/ / k|ult xf;Ln u/]sf] 5 . ljB't\ / b"/;+rf/ h:tf lhNnf :t/sf lgjf{lrt :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] kbfjlw If]qx?df lgofdg OsfO{x? u7g eO;s]sf 5g\ eg] ;dfKt ePkl5 ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] k|lqmofdf cj/f]w l;h{gf lghL If]qsf ;+rfns tyf k|bfosx?nfO{ o; If]qdf ePsf] 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] Ps jif{sf nflu cjlw ;+nUg eO{ ;]jf k|bfg ug{ Ohfht ;d]t lbOPsf] 5 . a9fpg] ;+jw } flgs ljsNk eP klg tL lgsfox?sf] ;fdfGtof, nufgLsf] If]qdf w]/} :jtGqtf k|bfg ul/g'sf cjlw :jtM ;dfKt x'g uof] . kmn:j?k, clxn] ;a} ] ;fxgn] >d ahf/df c? nrstf ;fy} xfn} 3f]lift k|fT :yfgLo lgsfox? ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?åf/f ;+rflnt yKg d2t ug]5 { . ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?sf] e"ldsf 5g\ . :yfgLo lgsfox?sf lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx?sf] ;fj{hlgs ;]jf tyf xjfO{ ;]jfsf If]qx?df a9L / kbfjlw ;dfKt x'b f cf=j= )# sf w]/h } ;f] of]hgfx? lgdf{0f tyf s[lif ljt/0fsf If]qdf s]xL sd /x]sf] 5 . ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f oL If]qsf ;+:yfgx? 3f6fdf rn]sf geP klg ah]6sf] 7"nf] c+z eg] ltg\sf] ;+rfngsf nflu kl/rflnt 5 . oBlk ut jif{ o;tkm{ s]xL k|of;x? ePsf x'g\ t/ sf]i7 ^M g]kfndf ljsf; ;xsfo{ Ps ;dLIff * lghLs/0fsf lbzfdf Psbd} sd dfq} k|ult x'g ;s]sf] 5 . of] k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpgdf -s_ >lds ;d:of, bftfx?sf] ljutsf ;xfotf k|of; tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] -v_ kof{j/0fLo ljifo / -u_ k|fljlws zt{x? k"/f ug{ k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;xh kfg]{ p2]Zon] ax' bft[ ;d'x af]nkq bftfx? c;kmn x'g' h:tf sltko s'/fx? [ jdf_ n] g]kfndf ljsf; -cf]=O{=;L=8L=÷8L=P=;L=sf] g]tT afwssf ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ . ;xsfo{sf] ;dLIffTds cWoog u/]sf] lyof] . ;g\ @))! sf] cGTolt/ ul/Psf] o; cWoog vf;u/L g]kfnsf] ljsf; k|of;df bftfx?n] s'g ?kdf ;fy ljQLo If]qsf] ;'wf/sf af/]df >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] lbPsf 5g\ / ;xfotfsf] k|efjsf/LtfnfO{ s;/L ljQLo If]qsf] /0fgLlts jQmJo -lj=If]=/=j=, ;g\ @))) a9fpg ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df s]Gb|Lt lyof] . o; df nfu' ul/Psf]_ df JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . o;df s]Gb|Lo cWoogsf lgisz{x? g]kfnsf] j}b]lzs ;xfotf + -g]kfn /fi6« a}s a}s + sf] :jfoQtf tyf + , g]=/f=a}_ gLlt;+u d]n vfg] lsl;dsf 5g\ . o;df g]kfn / clwsf/ If]qnfO{ ;'b9 [ u/L ;'wf/ ug]{ / jfl0fHo a}s+ x?$ bftfx? aLrsf] xfnsf] ;DaGw cfbz{eGbf s]xL leGg lsl;dsf] /x]sf] af]w u/fOPsf] 5 . ul/aL, l;ldt sf] ;'k/Lj]If0f tyf Joj:yfkg IfdtfnfO{ ;an agfpg] cfGtl/s ;|ft ] , 7"nf] cfjZostf / Go"g txsf] /fli6«o s'/fx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . g]=/f=a}= + P]g -;g\ @))@ tyf :yfgLo /fhZjsf] l:ylt h:tf sf/0fx?n] ubf{ df ;+zf]lwt_ n] a}s + sf] :jfoQtf tyf clwsf/ j[l4 bft[ ;xfotf dfly cToGt} lge{/ x'g' kg]{ g]kfnsf] u/]sf], ueg{/sf] lgo'QmL tyf kbd'QmLsf af/]df kf/bzL{ jfWotf /x]sf] 5 . ;xfotfsf dfWodaf6 g]kfnsf] lgodsf] :yfkgf / jfl0fHo a}s + x?sf] ;'k/Lj]If0fsf k|of;df e/y]u ug'{ / ;Qfdf /x]sfx?nfO{ ;xfotfsf nflu g]=/f=a}=+ n] yk clwsf/x? pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . nflu gof k|lta4tfsf] vf]hL ug]t { km{ k|l/t u/]/ k/f]If ?kdf bftfx?n] g]kfnsf] ljkmntfdf of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf o;cGtu{t ;d:ofu|:t jfl0fHo a}s + x?nfO{ g]=/f=a}= 5g\ . o; cltl/Qm bftfx?sf] w]/} bjbjf x'gs ' f ;fy} n] cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf lng;Sg] / a}s + sf clwsf/Lx?n] afXo ;xfotf / ljsf;sf k|of;x?n] bLuf] tyf u/]sf clgoldttfsf nflu s8f ;hfo lbg;Sg] k|fawfg ;Gtf]ifhgs ?kdf k|ltkmn lbg g;s]sf] lrGtf /x]sf] ;d]t /x]sf] 5 . o; cltl/Qm, hDdf :jLsf/ ug]{ kfOPsf] 5 . ;+:yfx? ;DaGwdf ag]sf] P]gn] ;a} ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf ;fy} hDdf :jLsf/ ug]{ u}/a}ls¨ ;+:yfx?df ;'/If0fsf] csf],{ ;xfotfsf] ck|efjsf/Ltf / >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] lbzflxgtfsf sf/0f bftfx?n] sfo{ q md tyf ;'/Iffsf nflu s8f lgofdg Joj:yf ckgfpg]5 . kl/of]hgfx?sf] th"d { f / sfof{Gjogsf] lhDd]af/L af]Sg' k/]sf] dxz'; u/]sf 5g\ . kmn:j?k s]xL bftfx?n] ljQLo If]qsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ ;'wf/ eGg' g} /f=jf=a}= + / ;xfotfsf] kl/df0f 36fpg'sf ;fy} pgLx?sf] ;xfotf g]=a}=ln= h:tf b'O{ 7"nf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 k|ToIftM sfo{qmddf s8f k"jz ] f 5g\ . csf]l{ t/ { t{x? /fVg k'us :jfldTj 36fpb}+ ;/sf/L e"ldsf l;ldt ub}{ n}hfg' xf] cGo bftfx? eg] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf s]Gb|Lo lgsfox? -sf]i7 % xgf];{ _ + lnld6]8sf] \ . nfdf] l9nfO{ kl5 g]kfn a}s dfkm{t eGbf l;w}+ :yfgLo lgsfox?, u}=;=;= tyf ;d'bfox? jf cfÎg} sfof{Gjog OsfO{ / k/fdz{ Joj:yfkg afx\o ;d"xn] lhDdf lnPsf] 5 . g]kfn a}=s sDkgLx? dfkm{t sfd ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . afXo lnld6]8 Joj:yfksLo / ljQLo ;d:ofx?n] ?Wg ePsf] ;xfotfaf6 l56k'6 ?kdf pkTosf tyf kxf8L lyof] . ;g\ @))@ sf] dfr{ * sf lbg g]=/f=a}= + n] If]qx?sf dflg;sf] hLjg:t/ psf:g d2t k'us ] f] 5 g]=a}=ln= sf] af]8n { f] u7g { fO{ x6fO{ cfkm}n] gof+ af]8s eg] sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogdf s]xL pNn]vgLo ;'wf/x? u/]sf] lyof] . o;}aLr cfO=;L=;L= a}s + -cfo/n}08÷a}s + ePsf 5g\ . oBlk /fli6«o lgsfo Pj+ ;+:yfx?;+u ckm :s6n}08_ nfO{ sf7df8f} cfdGq0f u/L dWo h'nfO{df ;'b[9 ;dGjosf] cefjdf sltko sfo{qmdx?sf] bLuf]kg tyf :yfgLoTj clglZrt x'g ;Q5 . ljut g]=a}=ln= sf] Joj:yfkg ;f] ;d'xnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/of] . b'O{ bzsdf bftfx?sf] ;lqmotfsf sf/0f g]kfnL /fli6«o o:t} sf/afxL /f=af=a}= sf] ;Gbe{df ug]{ k|lta4tf kfOP lgsfo Pj+ ;+:yfx?sf] ljsf; Ifdtfdf Xf; cfPsf] klg gof Joj:yfkg cfO;s]sf] 5}g . 8]nf]o6 6r] b[li6sf]0f g]kfnL gful/s ;dfhsf] /x]sf] 5 t/ o;df tf]xdfT;'% ;+u ;Demf}tf e+u eP kl5 Pshgf ljb]zL ;'wf/ Nofpgsf nflu cfÎgf sfo{qmdx?sf] lhDdf / ljz]if1nfO{ k|dv ' sfo{sf/L clws[tdf rog ul/Psf] lhDd]jf/L g]kfnL kfqx?n] g} glnO{ x'b}+g . 5 . o;}u/L yk ;ftj6f kbx? -6«h ] /L Joj:yfkg, * æl/Eo" ckm l8e]nkd]G6 kf6{g/;Lk Og g]kfnM l/Eo" l6D; d]g kmfOlG8+u P08 shf{, n]vf, cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0f, ;"rgf k|lalw, C0f /]sf]d]08];G;Æ af6, hgj/L @!, @))@ . -g]=lj=d+= @))@ df k|:t't sfo{kq_ c;'nL / dfgj ;+;fwg_ df lgo'QmLsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf lj1fkg ul/Psf] 5 . o:t} >L % sf] ;/sf/n] s[lif ljsf; a}s + sf] ;'b9 [ Ls/0fsf nflu Pl;ofnL ljsf; + sf] ;xof]udf ;'wf/sf] k|lqmof yfn]sf] 5 . a}s ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f ! ;xfotfsf] k|efjsf/Ltf a9fpg] o;n] g]kfndf afn >dsf sf/s tTjx?sf] ;dLIff ub}{ Jofks ;xeflutfd'ns k|lqmofdfkm{t j}bl] zs ;xfotf afn >dsf ljifox? / gLltut jftfj/0f h:tf s'/fx?sf gLlt -j}=;=gL=_ tof/ kfg]{ sfo{df >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] af/] lj:t[t ?kdf ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] 5 . k|of; ;/fxgLo /x\of] . :jf:Yo If]qdf :jf:Yo d+qfnon] -;xeflutfd'ns o; j}=;=gL= sf d'Vo p2]Zox? -s_ ljsf;sf k|lqmofaf6_ cTofjZos :jf:Yo ;]jfx?sf] pknAwtf, k|fyldstfx?nfO{ Psfsf/ :j?kdf cl3 a9fpg], -v_ / k|efjsf/Ltfsf nflu xfn}dfq ;'wf/ /0fgLltsf] kx'r ;+rfngsf] u'0f:t/, k|efjsf/Ltf / lskmfoltkg a9fpg], ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . xfn of] /0fgLltnfO{ ljz]if If]qut -u_ ul/aL lgjf/0f / dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf;sf nflu sfo{qmdsf ?kdf sfof{Gjog ul/b}5 + . sfo{fGjogsf] cfly{s j[l4 xf;Ln ug]{ / -3_ g]kfn / bft[ ;+:yfx?sf] lj:t[t of]hgf /x]sf] o; sfo{qmdnfO{ ljsf;sf ;dfg ;xeflutfnfO{ ;xh kfg]{ h:tf s'/fx? /x]sf ;fem]bf/x?n] sfo{qmlds cfwf/df 6]jf k'¥ofpg]5g\ . 5g\ . o; gLltdf pk/f]Qm p2]Zox? xf;Ln ug{sf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 rflng] sbdx?sf af/]df oL sfo{ x ?df ;xof] u k' ¥ ofpg cfO{ = P=kL= sf] klg hgfOPsf] 5 . o;df j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] sfof{Gjogdfkm{t ;fj{hlgs k|fylds ljBfnox? / k|jfx÷of]ubfgnfO{ lgoldt tyf k|efljt kfg{ gof :jf:Yo rf}sLx?sf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf lbzfdf dxTjk"0f{ " f ug]{ Pj+ To:tf] lgb]l{ zsf, /0fgLlt / gLltx?sf] th{d sbd rflnPsf 5g\ -kl/lzi6 ! x]gf]; \ . o;f] eP { _ ;xfotfsf] ;b'kof]unfO{ ;'lglZrt kfg]{ s'/f klg ;dfj]z klg ul/aLsf ;"rf+sx? h:tf ;fdflhs ;"rf+sx?sf] 5 . o; cltl/Qm, g]kfnsf] ljsf; k|of;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg cg'udg tyf ljZn]if0ffTds Ifdtf sdhf]/ /x]sf]n] ljsf; ;fem]bf/x?sf] ;xfotf sfo{qmd tyf gLltx?df o;nfO{ ;'b9 { _ [ kfg{' cfjZos 5 -sf]i7 & x]gf]; \ . ;dfof]hg ug]{ k|:tfj j}=;=gL= df ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ @))! sf] cGTolt/ ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/x?n] klg cfkm\gf sfo{x?sf] ;dLIff ubf{ ;f]xL k|sf/sf] ;'emfjx? / lgisz{df lgsfn]sf lyP -sf]i7 ^ x]gf]; { _\ . sf]i7 &M ul/aLsf] l:yltsf] cg'udg b;f}+ of]hgf÷kL=cf/=o;=kL= sf] d:of}bfdf cfDbfgL, ul/aL dfgj ljsf;;DaGwL ljifoj:t' lg/If/tf, lzz' d[To'b/ / dflg;sf] cfo" h:tf kl/;"rsx?sf dfgj ljsf;df k/]sf] k|efj b]lvO{ g;s]sf] eP klg xfn} nIox? lsl6Psf] 5 . ;+=/f=;= ljsf; sfo{qmdn] dfkb08sf] ePsf sltko kl/jt{gx?af6 cfufdL s]xL jif{leq lzIff lgwf{/0fsf nflu ul/aLsf] cg'udg ug]{ d'Vo ;"rsf+sx?sf] / :jf:Yosf If]qx?df kl/0ffdbfoL k|ltkmnx? k|fKt x'g] klxrfg ug]{ sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ePsf] 5 . o:tf kl/;"rsx? s]lx xb;Dd ;x;|fAbLsf] ljsf; nIox?;+u ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . tn pNn]v ul/Pem}+ lzIffsf If]qdf ldNbf]hN' bf] x'g ;Sg] 5g\ . g]kfndf kl/;"rsx?sf] sdL cfwf/e" t tyf k| f ylds lzIff kl/of] h gf geP klg To:tf kl/;"rsx?nfO{ pkof]u ug]{ tkm{ eg] sdL -cf=k|f=lz=k=_ n] u'0f:t/Lo z}lIfs ;]jf pknAw u/fpg sdhf]/L /x]sf] kfOG5 . ;x;|fAbLsf] ljsf; nIosf af/]df / tt\;DaGwL of]hgf ug{sf nflu /fli6«o, lhNnf / ljBfno klg oxL s'/f nfu' x'G5 . ljz]ifu/LM s_ tYof+s ;+sngsf :t/sf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf ;'b9 [ ug{ 6]jf k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . nflu l;ldt lsl;d cfwf/x? dfq ckgfOg] ul/Psf] 5 . kmn:j?k, o;af6 ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k9fO{ g5f]8g \ ] l:yltsf] pbfx/0fsf nflu a[xt\ /0fgLltsf] cefj x'g'sf ;fy} ;j]{If0f÷cWoogx?sf nflu bftfx?n] Pp6f ;lsPkl5 l;h{gf -vf;u/L aflnsfx? / ;fdflhs ?kdf ;'ljwfljxLg csf]n{ fO{ ljQLo ;xfotf lbg] u/]sfn] sltko kl/0ffdx?sf] ;d'xsf afnaflnsfx?_, lzIfsx?åf/f k|efjsf/L t'ngf ug{ sl7gfO{ ePsf] kfOG5 . v_ o;}u/L tYof+sx?sf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] k|bz{g / lzIfsju{sf] s'zn kl/rfngaf6 k|of]usf ;Gbe{df ;+:yfut ;+/rgfsf] cefjdf s'g} cjlw lzIff cfh{gsf] :t/ clej[l4 x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . aLr ;"rsf+sx? klxrfg, tYof+s ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ug{ / em08} ut tLg jif{bl] v sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf] o; sfo{qmdn] gLlt lgdf{tfx?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg cK7\of/f] k/]sf] 5 . qmlds ?kdf k|ult ul//x]sf] 5 -kl/lzi6 ( x]gf]; { _ \ . o:tf ;d:ofx?nfO{ dWod cjlwsf] vr{sf] ;+/rgf, ul/aL sd ug]{ /0fgLlt -kL=cf/=o;=kL=_ Pj+ cGo pkfox?åf/f o:t} cf=k|f=lz=k= n] sfd ug]{ s]6fs]6Lx?nfO{ lbOg] lzIffsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ sfo{ hf/L /flvg]5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;g ;'wf/df hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . ljZj a}s + , cGt/f{li6«o >d !((%÷(^ sf] em}+ g]kfn hLjg:t/ ;j]I { f0f -Pg=Pn=o;=o;=_ ;+u7g -cfO{=Pn=cf]=_ / ;+oQ + Lo afn sf]if ' m /fi6«;3 + sf] ;xof]udf_ u/L ul/aL ;DaGwL tYof+sx?nfO{ rf8} z'? -a}s ' m k|of;:j?ksf] g]kfnn] afn >dnfO{ -o'lg;]km_ sf] ;+oQ t'ngf ug{ ;xh kfl/g]5 . a'em]sf] 5 eGg] cfzosf] kl/of]hgfsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf] 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/;+usf] 5nkmnsf cfwf/df " ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg ljwflosL ;+/rgfcg'?k jftfj/0fLo k|efj cWoogsf] Ifdtf g]kfnn] 5}7f}+ k~ra;L{o of]hgfsfnb]lv jftfj/0fsf] clej[l4df hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . h}ljs ljljwtf;DaGwL Joj:yfkgtkm{ Wofg k'¥ofpg yfn]sf] xf] . To;} a]nfb]lv dxf;lGwsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ of]hgfsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 g} jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0fsf ultljlwx? If]qut sfo{qmdx? eg] g]kfnsf nflu bLuf] ljsf;;DaGwL k|ltj]bg tof/ ;+u;+u} eO/x]sf] 5 . gu/ tyf ufp :t/nufotsf kfl/Psf] 5 . t/ lkmtnf] Ifdtf / ;dGjosf] cefj ;a} txx?df cfjlws of]hgfx?sf] th{"df ubf{ h:tf ljleGg ;d:ofx?n] ubf{ jftfj/0fLo / k|fs[lts jftfj/0fLo ljifox?nfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z ug{ yflnPsf] ] ;+/If0f tyf gLltx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf afwf k'us ;|ft ] f] 5 . xfn}dfq jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f P]g / To;sf lgodx?df 5 . o; If]qdf bftfx? tyf u}=;=;=x? ;lqmo ?kdf ;dfj]z eO{ xfn} sfof{Gjog ePsf] ;+:yfut tyf sfo{/t /x]sfn] /sdsf] cefj afwfsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5}g . $ g]kfnM kmfOgflG;on ;]S6/ l/kmd{, k|ltj]bg g+= @$(%(Pg\=O{=kL=, cS6f]a/ !^, @))@ df ljQLo If]qsf] ;'wf/sf ;fy} tL ;+:yfx?sf af/]df lj:t[t ?kdf rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . + tyf 8]nf]ot 6r tf]xdfT;', ;+=/f=c=-8L=6L=6L=_ aLr bf]>f] kIfn] dfr{ dlxgfsf] klxnf] ;ftfb]lv /f=jf=a}= % ;g\ @))@ hgj/L #! df g]=/f=a}= + sf] Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf lng] s/f/kqdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] . dfr{df g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff l:yltnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ 8L=6L=6L= ;d'x g]kfn cfpg cGsgfPsf] . h'nfO{sf] z'?lt/ 8L=6L=6L= n] s/f/cg';f/ sfd ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] ;"rgf >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] / s/f/ e+u u/]sf] . ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f # + ;d'xsf] /0fgLltsf] a}s sfof{Gjogdf ePsf] k|ult k[i7e"ld cfO=l8=P= sf sfo{qmdx? ;g\ !((*^ sf] gf]eD] a/ dlxgfdf ;+rfng tyf d'Nof+sg ;xfotf /0fgLltsf ;Gbe{df sfo{sf/L lgb]z { sx?sf] ljefu -cf]=O{=8L=_ n] g]kfnsf nflu ;xfotf l6kf]6 a}7skl5 ;'wf/sf k|lqmofx?sf] ;':t tyf l;ldt { f u/]sf] lyof] . ;di6Ldf ;f] l6kf]6df -;L=P=Pg\=_ th"d sfof{Gjogn] ubf{ g]kfnsf] sfo{ku | lt Go"g txÚ df lg/fzfhgs l:ylt b]vfOPsf] lyof] . ePsf] b]lvG5 . zf;gz}nL tyf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] ljt/0fdf pNn]vgLo ?kdf ;'wf/ gcfpGh]n;Dd o;/L -s_ k|ltkmn k|flKt c;Gtf]ifhgs, -v_ ;+:yfut « ljQ ;+:yf -cfO{=8L=P=_ sf] yk ljQLo cGt/fli{6o ljsf;sf] k|efjnfO{ ;fdfGo, -u_ bLuf]kgsf af/]df ;xfotfaf6 dfq} g]kfnsf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg x'g clglZro, -3_ a}s + sf] sfo{ku| lt c;Gtf]ifhgs / -ª_ ;Qm}g . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] lkmtnf] zf;g ePsf] s'/fnfO{ C0fLsf] sfo{ku | lt klg c;Gtf]ifhgs ePsf] lgrf]8 :jo+n] klg :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf] 5 . ;'wf/ k|lqmofsf] lgsflnPsf] lyof] . a}s | ltsf ;Gtf]ifhgs + sf] sfo{ku sfof{Gjogsf] sdhf]/ kIf, ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] cs'zn ?kdf gx'gs ' f sf/0fx?df lkmtnf] gLltut jftfj/0fdf ljt/0f / e|i6frf/sf s'/fx? ljsf;sf] k|lqmofdf d'Vo l;ldt dfqfdf gLltut s'/fdf s]Gb|Lt x'g,' ;fdfGotof afwssf] ?kdf b]lvPsf 5g\ . ljZj a}s + n] >L % sf] Go"gtd\ ultljlw, s[lifdf sd Wofg k'¥ofOg', c?0f ;/sf/;+u 5nkmn u/]sf] k|ltkmndf d=c=v=;+= / t];f ] f ljjfbf:kb e"ldsf, c;dGjofTds ;xfotfsf |d cfO{=P=kL= h:tf sfo{qmdx?sf] z'?jft ePsf] xf] . ;fy} ;xfotfsf] af]em, ;Gt'lnt eP klg kftnf] + sf ;Gt'lnt cjwf/0ffx?sf] ;fdfGo g]kfnL hgtfaf6 a}s lsl;dsf] cfly{s tyf If]qut sfo{ h:tf d'Vo ;/fxgf ePsf] eg] To;af6 s]xL pknlAwx? klg xf;Ln ;d:ofx? kb{5g\ . oL s'/fx?nfO{ b[li6ut ub}{ pko'Qm ePsf 5g\ -kl/lzi6 # x]gf]; \ . a}s { _ + jf:tjd} ljkGg jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f ug{ a}s + n] cfwf/e"t ;+:yfut tyf hgtfsf] sNof0fsf nflu lrlGtt 5 eGg] s'/f cfh gLltut ;d:ofx?nfO{ xn ug{' kb{Yof], h;df -s_ g]kfnleq} dx;'; ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . sd vlr{nf] tyf bLuf] ;fj{hlgs nufgL / -v_ a9\bf] lghL If]qsf ultljlwx? kb{5g\ . oL cjwf/0ffx?sf ;g\ @))) sf] g]=lj=d+=sf] a}7sdf k|:t't sfo{qmd / af/]df g]kfnsf nflu lgld{t ;xfotf /0fgLltsf] ljQLo If]qsf] ;'wf/sf] cfjZostf 5 . vf;u/L ;+efljt sfof{Gjog tyf o:t} cGo ;Gbe{x?sf qmddf larf/ ljQLo ;+s6nfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ul/Psf] lyof] eg] oL s'/fx?nfO{ o; k|ult ljj/0fn] ;fj{hlgs ;|ft ] x?sf] Jofks b'?kof]unfO{ /f]Sg] / sfd gof ;xfotf /0fgLltsf] sfo{qmddf Plss[t ug]5 { . ug]{ k'/fgf] 9/f{df kl/jt{g Nofpg] O{R5fzlQm b]vfPsf] $ ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f 5 . o;}n] tL If]qx?df ;xL sbd rfn]/ cfwf/e"t r"gf}ltx?n] ubf{ o; kl/of]hgfdf ;+nUg ;a}sf txÚ sf] ljsf;sf] kl/b[iodf k'Ug' g]kfnsf nflu nflu o;af6 Ps lzIffd'ns cg'ej k|fKt ] . jf:tljs cUgL k/LIffÚ x'g5 x'g;Sg]5 . o;f] eP tfklg ;dfhsf] cfwf/e"t txdf b]lvPsf] ljZjf; tyf xf;Ln ePsf] C0f;xfotf ;dfhsf] cfwf/e"t txÚ df /x]sf] cg'ejnfO{ sfdsf] k|efjs/Ltf clej[l4 ug]t { km{ ;fdflhs k"h + LnfO{ kl/rfng / cfslif{t ug{ Go"g kl/rflnt x'b f xfnsf] h:t} pT;fxhgs k|ltkmnx? tx sf] C0f sfo{qmdn] ;fd'bflos kl/of]hgfdf Wofg xf;Ln x'g;Sg]5 . ' f ;fy} vf; k|sf/sf ;'wf/ k|of;x?nfO{ s]Gb|Lt ug{s n ;g\ !((( sf] gf]eD ] a/ dlxgfdf -% s/f]8 $% 6]jf k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . o;/L cfwf/e"t txdf l5§} k'Ug] nfv cd]l/sL 8n/_ cg'df]bg ePsf] ;8s dd{t clek|fon] a}s+ n] lg/Gt/ ?kdf a9L ;'wf/x? ;dfj]z tyf ljsf; kl/of]hgf-shf{ #@(#Pg\=O{=kL=_ n] ePsfÚ 7"nf kl/of]hgfx? tof/ kfg]{ qmddf ck|ToIf cfly{s ?kdf nfeflGjt x'g] /fli6«o dxTjsf] ;8s ?kdf Go"g txsf pko'Qm k/of]hgfx?sf] ljsf; Pj+ k|0ffnLsf] bLuf] dd{t;+ef/, k'g:yf{kgf tyf lgdf{0f sfof{Gjog u/fpg] cj;/ u'dfPsf] klg x'g ;Qm5 . ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . o;}u/L ;8sx?sf] dd{t ;+ef/sf nflu cem :yfoL lsl;dsf] /sdsf] ;|ft ] kl5Nnf] ;xfotf /0fgLltkl5 ( s/f]8 $^ nfv cd]l/sL vf]Hg] / lskmfotL ;fj{hlgs If]qut Joj:yfkgnfO{ 8n/ a/fa/sf lgDglnlvt $ j6f kl/of]hgfnfO{ a}s+ n] k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 . o; kl/of]hgfn] :jLs[lt hgfPsf] 5 . dd{t vr{x?sf nflu :yfoL k|sl[ tsf] ;|ft ] pknAw u/fpg'sf ;fy} ;8s af]8{ / ;8s sf]ifx? ;+:yfkg n bf]>f] cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf u/L k|d'v If]qx?df gLltut ;'wf/ ug{ 6]jf -cf=k|f=lz=k=, shf{ #!*%Pg=O{=kL=_ sf] cg'df]bg k'¥ofpg]5 . o;n] ;+u;+u} h;f] b]zsf dWo tyf ;g\ !((( sf] df{ dlxgfdf ePsf] lyof] -! s/f]8 ;'b"/ klZrdL If]qsf ;8s gk'u]sf -ljb|f]xL @% nfv cd]l/sL 8n/_ . ;dfof]lht sfo{qmd lqmofsnfkx?sf] s]Gb|sf ?kdf /x]sf_ lhNnfx?df C0f -P=kL=Pn=_ sf ?kdf k|fb'ef{j ePsf]n] o;sf ;8s dfu{ k'¥ofpg] p2]Zo klg /fv]sf] 5 . k|yd r/0fsf p2]Zox?df k|fylds lzIffsf] n b"/;+rf/ If]q ;'wf/ kl/of]hgf -shf{ #%*! u'0ffTds tyf ;+VofTds ljsf;sf nflu ;+:yfut Pg\=O{=kL=_ nfO{ ;g\ @))! sf] l8;]Da/ dlxgfdf Ifdtf ljsf; ug{' /x]sf] 5 . o; kl/of]hgfsf] -@ s/f]8 @^ nfv cd]l/sL 8n/_ cg'df]bg ul/Psf] af:s]6 kml08¨Ú df cfO{=8L=P=, 8]gdfs{, o'/f]kn ] L lyof] . o; kl/of]hgfn] lghL If]qsf k|bfosx?nfO{ o'lgog, lkmgNof08, gj],{ hfkfg, o'lg;]km / Pl;ofnL Ohfht -k|lt:kwf{sf cfwf/df 5gf]6 ug]_ { lbg'sf ljsf; a}s + h:tf bftfx? ;+nUg eP/ pko'Qm ;fy} ;fj{hlgs b"/;+rf/ s]Gb|x?sf] :yfkgf u/L k|sf/n] th{d' f ul/Psf] b;jif]{ If]qut sfo{qmdnfO{ rfn" If]qut ;'wf/ sfo{qmddf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] / ;+oQ' m ?kdf ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ . u|fdL0f If]qdf b"/;+rf/ k|0ffnLsf] kx'r a9fpg] n u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/ kl/of]hgf-shf{ #@!%Pg=O{=kL=_ nIo /fv]sf] 5 . nfO{ ;g\ !((( d] dlxgfdf -%) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/_ cg'df]bg ul/Psf] lyof] . o; kl/of]hgfn] cfly{s tyf If]qut sfo{ Go"g txÚ sf] l:ylt sfod} ljs]Gb|Lt zf;g k|lqmofsf] of]hgf tyf Joj:yfkg ] odf ;'wf/sf nflu cfwf/ / ;xdtL lgdf{0f /x]sf] kl/k|I h:tf ;+:yfut IfdtfnfO{ ;'b9 [ ug]5 { . oL s'/fx?n] ug{df b[9 ?kdf hf]8 k'¥ofOPsf] 5 . o;df ;fj{hlgs kl/of]hgfaf6 nfeflGjt x'g] nlIft hg;d'bfosf] vr{sf] k'g/fjnf]sg -;g\ @))) clk|n_ sf] 7"nf] k|efj ;lqmo ;xeflutfdf u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] bLuf], k/]sf] lyof] . cufl8 elgPem}+ o;n] xfn sfof{Gjog lskmfotL / u'0ffTds ;'wf/ ug]5 + nfO{ g]kfndf { . a}s eO/x] s f ;fj{ h lgs vr{ s f w] / } h;f] ;' w f/ ;fd'bflos ;8s kl/of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf] vf;} sfo{qmdx?sf] ;+/rgf ug{df 6]jf k'¥ofPsf] 5 . o;afx]s cg'ej gePsf]n] o;sf nflu pko'Qm dfWod 7x/ ;+oQ' m clw/fHosf] cGt/f{li6«o ljsf;;DaGwL ljefu ul/Psf] 1fg tyf pTk|/ ] 0ff C0f -Pn=cfO{=Pn=_ -8L=Pkm=cfO{=8L=_ ;+usf] ;+oQ ' m ;xeflutfdf k|fljlws dfkm{ t cfwf/e" t cfjwf/0ffdf cfPsf] o; ;xfotf tyf k/fdz{ k|bfg u/]/ d=c=v=;+= sf] ljsf; kl/jt{gsf] k/LIf0f x'g5 ] . o; kl/of]hgf dfkm{t / sfof{Gjog ug{ >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf sltko ljsNkx?sf] k/LIf0f x'gs ' f lbOb}+cfPsf] - kl5 klg ;xof]u hf/L /xg]_ 5 . ;fy} -s_ lh=lj=;= x?;+u k|ToIf ?kdf, -v_ + ÷g]=a}=ln= sf] k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg{ / g]kfnsf] /f=jf=a}= 7]sb ] f/x? dfkm{t, -u_ ;fd'bflos ;+u7g -;f=;+=_ ljQLo If]qsf] cWoog -;g\ @))@ sf] cS6f]a/_ ug{ x? dfkm{t / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf -u}=;=;=_ x? cfly{s ;xfotf lbg'sf ;fy} ljQLo If]qsf] ;'wf/sf dfkm{t sfo{ x'g]5 . sfof{Gjog;+u ;DalGwt af/]df cflwsfl/s lgsfox?;+u a}+ssf] lg/Gt/sf] ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f % 5nkmnaf6 sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xL dfu{df kl/rfng u/fPsf] -#( k|ltzt_ x:tfGt/0f ug{ afsL /x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf 5 . oBlk, sltko ;dodf o;tkm{sf] k|ultsf] ult kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] jftfj/0f sdhf]/ ;fj{hlgs cToGt} ;':t ePsf] s'/fnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{ ;lsb}g + .* Joj:yfkg, Go"g bIftf / ;Lk, /fhg}lts cl:y/tf / o;}u/L ;'wf/sf ljifox?df s]Gb|Lt cGo d'Vo If]qx?df ] L ultljlwsf sf/0f pTkGg r"gf}ltx?af6 k|efljt ljb|fx -s_ lzIff h:tf] cfwf/e"t If]qsf ;a} txx?df ;'wf/sf 5 . b"ud { tyf sd ljsl;t dWo tyf ;'b/ " klZrd Aofks ljifox?sf] klxrfg / ;xdtLsf] ljsf; ug{ If]qnufotsf If]qdf sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf clwsf+z ;3fp k'¥ofpg] lzIff If]qsf] ;'wf/sf k|fyldstf tyf kl/of]hgfx? lau|bf]+ ;'/Iff l:yltsf sf/0f cfO{=8L=P= /0fgLltx? -;g\ @))! h'nfO{_, -v_ hgtfsf] ljB'tLo n] a9LeGbf a9L ;'k/Lj]If0f ug{' k/]sf] 5 . o;f] eP cfjZostf / lgof{t ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] ;+efAotf tfklg kl/of]hgfsf sfo{x?df ;':ttf cfpb} obfsbf ] f] g]kfnsf] hnljB'ts af]ss \ f nflu l;kmfl/;x?sf ;fy} aGb ;d]t ug{' kl//x]sf] 5 . t/ o;eGbf ljkl/t d'Vo cj/f]wx? klxrfg ug{ d2t k'¥ofpg] k|:tfljt cGo bftfx?;+u a}s + sf] 5nkmn / cg'ejsf cfwf/df ljB't\ If]q ljsf; /0fgLlt -;g\ @))! dfr{_ / -u_ eGg] xf] eg] jf:tljs ;fd'bflos kl/of]hgfx? ljb|fx ]L blIf0f Pl;of If]qsf] klxnf] nufgL;DaGwL ;j]I { f0f ultljlwaf6 k|efljt ePsf] kfOPsf] 5}g . kl/of]hgfsf g]kfndf Aofj;flos jftfj/0f tyf pTkfbgzLn If]qsf] sd{rf/L tyf al/i7 lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?df af/Daf/ sfo{k|ult -;g\ @))) l8;]Da/_ /x]sf 5g\ . eO/xg] kl/jt{gsf ;fy} /fhg}lts x:tIf]ksf sf/0fx?n] ubf{ kl/of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf afwf k'Ug] u/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] ljZn]if0ffTds tyf k/fdz{bfqL sfo{ -Pgfln6Lsn o:t} e|i6frf/sf] ;+efjgf jf jf:tljs ?kdf e|i6frf/ P08 P8\ e fOh/L oflS6eL6Lh, P=P=P=_ zf;g, x'g] u/]sf] / ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx?df pQ/bfloTjsf] cefj ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / ;]jfsf] ljt/0fdf ;'wf/ ug]{ h:tf cGo h:tf s'/fx? kl/of]hgfsf] sfo{ku | ltdf ;d:ofsf ?kdf If]qx?df klg s]Gb|Lt 5 . @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ;+3f/df /x]sf 5g\ . laut @ jif{otf pNn]vgLo ?kdf ;'wf/ g]kfndf ul/aL -;g\ !((( d]_ n] ul/aLsf] k|jl[ Q tyf eO/x]sf] eP klg 36\bf] kf]6k { mf]lnof] hf]vLddf kg{ k|If]k0f, ul/aLsf] l:ylt / ul/aL lgjf/0f /0fgLltsf 5f]8s ] f] 5}g . a9\bf] ljbf]xL ultljlwn] o;df c? d'Vo tTjx?sf] ljZn]if0f u/]sf] 5 . o:t} ;]jfx?sf] k|lts"n cj:yf Nofpg] ;+efjgf /x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))@ ljt/0fsf ;DaGwdf t/fO{sf ljsNkx?sf] cWoog sf] cS6f]a/ dlxgfsf] cGTodf ul/Psf] >]0fLs/0fdf & -;g\ @))) cS6f]a/_ k|ltj]bgn] t/fO{ If]qdf u|fdL0f j6fdWo] ^ j6f kl/of]hgfsf] sfo{ku | lt ;Gtf]ifhgs ;]jfx? k'¥ofpg ljleGg lsl;dsf ;+:yfut k|aGwx?sf] >]0fLdf k/]sf lyP . t/ cfwf kl/of]hgfx?sf] cg'ejsf] k/LIf0fsf ;fy} ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf ;Gbe{df sfof{Gjogsf] k|ult ;Gtf]ifhgs g/x]sfn] pRr eljiodf lskmfotL ljt/0f ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] af/]df hf]vLddf k/]sf / Ps rf}yfO{ kl/of]hgfx? ljsf;sf l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf nflu v/Lb sfo{sf] cfkm\gf lglb{i6 p2]Zox? k"0f{ ?kdf xf;Ln ug{ g;sL cWoog -sG6« L k| f ] S of] / d] G 6 P;] ; \ d ] 0 6 l/kf] 6 { , hf]vLddf k/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;}n] kf]6k { mf]lnof]sf] ;L=Pkm=P=P=_ cf=j= )@ df Ps k|lta4 ;/sf/L k'g;+/ { rgf /÷jf cflz+s ?kdf /2 x'g ;Sg]5 . ;fem]bf/ / cGo bftfx?sf] ;xof]udf k|ltj]bgsf] th{d ' f ug]{ sfo{ k"/f ePsf] lyof] . o; k|ltj]bgdf ;a}sf] o;y{ hf]vLdnfO{ x6fpg] qmddf g]kfnl:yt ljZj a}s + sf] ;xdtLk|fKt xfn sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf] sfo{of]hgf klg sfof{non] vf;u/L cfÎgf :yfgLo clwsf/Lx?dfkm{t ;dfj]z 5 .( o;}u/L ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf If]qdf xfn cWoog kl/of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf ;lqmotfsf ;fy eO/x]sf ljifox?df k|:tfljt kL=P=Pkm=,!) ljQLo cg'udg ul//x]sf] 5 . o;tkm{sf] k|of;df a}s + n] >L ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / u|fdL0f If]qdf ;]jf ljt/0fsf sfo{df % sf] ;/sf/, Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}s + -P=8L=aL=_ tyf :yfgLo ;+3;+:yfx?sf] ;+nUgtf;DaGwL tLgj6f cGt/f{ l i6« o ;xfotfsf nflu hfkfgL a} + s cWoogx? kb{5g\ . cfufdL jif{x?sf nflu P=P=P= -h]=aL=cfO{=;L=_ sf ;fy ldn]/ ;g\ @))) b]lv g]kfnsf] sf] Wofg s]Gb|Lt ePsf s'/fx?df oLgnfO{ klxnf] sbdsf] ;Gbe{df ;+oQ { mf]lnof] sfo{ku ' m kf]6k | lt ;dLIffx? ;+rfng ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . ul//x]sf 5g\ . o:tf ;dLIffx?sf] d'Vo p2]Zo { mf]lnof] Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ ;du| kIfx?sf kf]6k kf]6{kmf]lnof] Joj:yfkg xfn g] k fnsf & j6f af/]df 5nkmn ug{' /x]sf] 5 . o:tf ljifox?df ;'/Iff, kl/of]hgfx?df cfO{=8L=P= sf] C0f;xfotf k/]sf] 5 . sfg"g dfu{, v/Lb, ljQLo Joj:yfkg tyf ;'/Iffsf tLdWo] % j6f cfufdL ( dlxgfdf ;DkGg x'b } g\ . 5 ;fy} klxrfg ePsf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg k"jl{ gwf{l/t o;/L ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?df ;g\ @))@ sf] cS6f]a/ ;dodf ug]{ u/L sfo{of]hgf agfpg] s'/fx? kb{5g\ . dlxgf;Ddsf] tYof+sadf]lhd cfO{=8L=P= sf] s'n nufgL o;;DaGwL ;dembf/Lkqdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ ;a} ;+nUg @! s/f]8 ^) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ -/2 ePsf] /sd kIfx?n] ;xdtLo'Qm sfo{of]hgfnfO{ cw{jflif{s ?kdf s6fpbf_ /x]sf]df * s/f]8 $) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg ul/g]5 . ;j}eGbf kl5Nnf] k6s & ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f ;g\ @))@ sf] cS6f]a/ dlxgfsf] z'?df ;DkGg ;+oQ ' m cfO{=Pkm=;L= :jod\sf] / afsL @ s/f]8 () nfv a}s + sf] ;dLIff a}7sdf >L % sf] ;/sf/n] Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}s + C0fsf ?kdf_ /x]sf] lyof] . of] nufgL @ j6f ljB't\ { mf]lnof] tyf cGt/f{li6«o ljQ ;+:yfaf6 k|bfg ul/g] kf]6k pTkfbg kl/of]hgf, ! ko{6g kl/of]hgf / ! lnhL¨ sDkgL -C0f;xfotf_ df sdL cfPsf]df lrGtf k|s6 u/]sf] /x]sf] 5 . cfO{=Pkm=;L= n] ;fgf pBdsf] ljsf; ug{ xfn} lyof] / ;xfotfsf] sfo{k|ult tyf pkof]lutfnfO{ dfq 9fsfdf If]qLo :t/sf] ax'bft[ k|fljlws ;'ljwfs/0fsf clej[l4sf ;fy} eljiodf k|lta4tfsf] cfotg lj:tf/ nflu ;fgf pBd ljsf; sfof{no vf]ns ] f] 5 . o;n] ug{ ;fem]bf/x?nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;xdtL hgfPsf] lyof] . g]kfn, a+unfb]z, e'6fg / ef/tsf pQ/k"jL{ /fHox?nfO{ o:tf ;+o'Qm ;dLIff a}7sx?nfO{ cfO{=8L=P= af6 ;d]6s] f] 5 . ;xof]uk|fKt kl/of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjog;DaGwL q}dfl;s d'Nof+sgsf ;fy} ltg\sf] ;'k/Lj]If0f tyf cg'udgaf6 d2t k'Ug uPsf] 5 . kf]6{kmf]lnof]sf] d'Nof+sgsf Pd\=cfO{=hL=P= l;nl;nfdf z'?sf] u'0f:t/ / ;'k/Lj]If0fsf] u'0f:t/df ldufn] ;g\ !((^ otf g]kfnsf s'g} klg kl/of]hgfnfO{ + sf clwsf/Lx? s'g} klg ljifon] hf]8 lbg'sf cltl/Qm a}s c08//fO6 u/] s f] 5} g . To;a] n f o; ;+ : yfn] ;d:ofsf] :j?k wf/0f ug{c ' l3 g} ltg\sf] klxrfg / :of6\S|ofkm\6 P;=Pkm=, P=aL=aL= S|ofkm\6 P=o;= / lgbfg ug{ ;lqmo /xg] u/]sf 5g\ . Eof/g]/ OghL{ P=o;= -;a} gj]s { f_ nfO{ lxdfn kfj/ lnld6]8 df pgLx?sf] nufgLsf Uof/]06L ub}{ # s/f]8 !! @* nfv cd]l/sL 8n/sf] lwtf]kq c08/fOl6¨ u/]sf] cfO{=Pkm=;L= lyof] . /gckmbl/e/Ú k|0ffnLsf] ^) d]ufjf6 g]kfndf cGt/f{li6«o ljQ lgudn] lghL k"jf{wf/ tyf ljQLo Ifdtfsf] lxdfn kfj/ g]kfndf ;+rfngdf cfPsf] klxnf] ahf/x?sf] ljsf;nfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg] / cfly{s ljsf; ljb]zLx?s} :jfldTj /x]sf] sDkgL xf] . ;+rfngsf] tyf j}bl] zs ljlgdo cfh{g x'g] lghL kl/of]hgfx?nfO{ k|f/Dedf o; sDkgLn] jflif{s ljB'tLo cfjZostfsf] ;xof]u ug]{ p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 . t/ oxfsf] Jofj;foLs @% k|ltzt kl/k"lt{ ug]{ ck]Iff /flvPsf] lyof] . clxn]sf] jftfj/0f cg'sn" g/x]sf]n] ubf{ nufgLsf ;+efAo cj;/x? /fhg}lts tyf ;'/Iff l:yltdf g]kfndf lghL If]qdf pknAw x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ;g\ @))@ sf] cS6f]a/ #! nufgL ug{ rfxg] ljb]zL nufgLstf{x?n] /fhg}lts ;Dddf g]kfndf cfO{=Pkm=;L= sf] -kf]6k{ mf]lnof]_ nufgL ( hf]vLdsf] k|Tofe"lt u/L nufgLsf] ;'/Iff ug{ ldufaf6 s/f]8 !) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ -o;df ^ s/f]8 @) nfv ePem}+ k|aGw x'g;Qm5 . ] a/df hf/L ePsf] . ^ cGttM of] ;xfotf d"Nof+sg -k|ltj]bg g+= !(*%)_ sf] ?kdf k'gj{lus[t ePsf] / ;g\ !((( gf]eD & b'O{ r/0fsf] $)) d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf] c?0f t]>f] ljB't\ kl/of]hgf ;g\ !((% df /2 ePsf] . o;af6 a}s+ lj?4 Jofks ?kdf gsf/fTds k|rf/ ePsf] / tt\ kZrft\ >L % sf] ;/sf/ ;+usf] ;DaGw lau|s + sf ;DaGwdf g]kfnL k|; ] f] . ;g\ @))@ ;Dd cfOk'Ubf ;d]t To; kl/of]hgf / a}s ] df eO/x]sf] rrf{af6 To; 36gfnfO{ cem} dflg;x?n] e'Ng g;s]sf] s'/f k'i6L x'G5 . | sf]if -cfO{=Pd=Pkm=_ oL k|of;x?df dxTjk"0f{ ;fem]bf/sf ?kdf /x]sf . o; cltl/Qm cfO{=Pd=Pkm= n] g]=/f=a}= * 8L=Pkm=cfO{=8L= / cGt/f{li6«o d'bf + nfO{ k|fljlws ;xfotf pknAw u/fO/x]sf] . + ;DalGwt_ / ;L=Pkm=P=P= -;fj{hlgs n]vf k/LIf0f;+u ;DalGwt_ sf sltko l;kmfl/;÷sfo{ of]hgfx? nfu' u/fpg] ( ;L=kL=P=cf/= -;fj{hlgs v/Lb sfo{;u k|of;x?df ;xfotf k'¥ofpgsf nflu ;+:yfut ljsf; sf]if -cfO{=8L=Pkm=_ cGtu{tsf b'O{ 5'§f5'§} cg'bfgx? dfkm{t ljQLo ;xfotf pknAw ePsf] . " j !) kL=P=Pkm= gLltsf] d:of}bf 6 \ c ;:6]gj ' f8{; ] km/ ke6L{ l/8S;g P08 l8;]G6«nfOh];g Og g]kfn" sf af/] ;g\ @))@ cS6f]a/df 5nkmn ePsf] ] n ck|fr / o; jif{sf] cGTo ;Dddf To;n] clGtd :j?k u|x0f ug] {. !! ;g\ @))! cui6df Pd=cfO{=hL=P= n] kl/of]hgfsf] k'g:yf{kg s/f/ hf/L u/]sf] . ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f ' cufl8sf] dfu{ jt{dfg kl/l:ylt ;'wf/ Nofpgsf nflu To;nfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{ h'DNofxf ;+s6sf ?kdf s'/fdf k|foM Psdt /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ;g\ @))@ sf] d"nwf/af6 cnUf /flvbfsf] hf]vLd / s'zf;gsf ;]K6]Da/ dlxgfdf ePsf k/fdz{x?df cfwf/e"t b'ikl/0ffdn] dfcf]jfbLx?sf] vt/f a9]sf] s'/fdf ;d:ofsf ?kdf b]zsf] zf;g ;+s6u|:t /x]sf] s'/fnfO{ sf7df08f}+sf] ;du| Wofg lvlrPsf] 5 . ;}lgs lgSs} r"gf}ltk"0f{Ú 7x/fOPsf] lyof] . o;}u/L ;d:of sf/afxLaf6 c:yfoL ?kdf ljb|fx ] L lqmofsnfknfO{ s]xL ;dfwfgsf nflu ca s] ug]{ eGg] ljifodf klg ;xdtL ;do dTy/ kfg{ ;lsP klg /fHon] ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? b]vfk/]sf] 5, h;df ah]6sf] k|fyldsLs/0f, ;]jf k|efjsf/L 9+un] ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{df cfkm\gf] s'zntf ljt/0fsf tl/sfx?df kl/jt{g / hjfkmb]xLtfsf] ;'b9 [ k|bz{g ug{ g;Sg] xf] eg] p;sf] j}wflgstfsf lj?4 ;+oGq agfOg' kg]{ s'/fx? /x]sf 5g\ . o;cl3 pNn]v lg/Gt/ ?kdf r"gf}tLx? pkl:yt eO/xg] ljZjf; w]/} ul/Pem}+ ;g\ @))@ sf] h"g dlxgfdf 3f]lift cfO{=P=kL=, dflg;x?n] ub{5g\ . ;/sf/sf] kx'r d'VotM zx/L h'nfO{sf] dWolt/ k|:t't cf=j= )# sf] ah]6 / cS6f]a/ If]qdf dfq} l;ldt /x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf sf7df08f}+sf] dlxgfsf] cGTolt/ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] cfly{s ;'wf/ ;/sf/n] pm ;fj{hlgs gLlt lgdf{tf / ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmd;g\ @))@ x?af6 >L % sf] ;/sf/ ;'wf/ ;]jfsf] k|bfos ePsf] ljZjf; cfd hgtfdf k'g:yf{lkt k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpg k|lta4 5 eGg] s'/f k'li6 ug]{ k|of;df u+eL/ sl7gfO{x? /x]sf 5g\ . ;'/Iff ;ts{tf x'G5 . o; cltl/Qm, b;f}+ of]hgfnfO{ ljQLo zlQm a9fOPsf] cj:yfdf bf]>f] ;+s6 pTkGg ePsf] 5 . k|bfg ug]{ d=c=v=;+=, b;f}+ of]hgf÷kL=cf/=P;=kL / cfGtl/s /fhZj a9\g g;s]sf] o; l:yltdf cfly{s Pkm=P=kL= h:tf ;a} sfo{qmdx?n] k|ultsf ;fy} >L ;+efjgfx? lzlyn ePsf 5g\ / a9\bf] ;'/Iff vr{sf % sf] ;/sf/n] ;xL lbzf ks8\g u/]sf k|of;x?nfO{ sf/0f ;fj{hlgs vr{ ;d]t a9]sf] 5 . l;ldt ;|ft ] sf k|ltljlDat ub{5g\ . sf/0f ;/sf/nfO{ klxnf] ;+s6l;t h'Wg emg\ sl7gfO{ kg]{ ePsf]n] o:tf] cj:yf vt/gfs x'g;Qm5 . + sf] ;xfotf cf=j= )$ df a}s /fHo dfldnfdf o:tf] hl6n l:ylt ljBdfg eP klg clxn] g]kfndf r"gf}ltx?sf] ;dfgf ug{sf nflu s] ug{ clxn]sf] kl/l:yltn] yk ;'wf/ ug]{ cj;/x? eg] cfjZos 5, s;/L r"gf}ltx?sf] ;fdgf ug{' kb{5 / ' g]{ lbPsf] 5 . klxnf], ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?df ;'wf/ ug{k g s;/L ug{' x'b } eGg] af/]df cfd;xdtLsf] ljsf; x'g cfjZostfnufot l;ldt ah]6sf] afWotfsf sf/0f yfn]sf] 5 . lautsf] ;xfotf /0fgLltn] cfwf/e"t k|fyldstfx? lgwf{/0f ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug]5 . ;'wf/sf ;d:ofsf] ?kdf klxrfg u/]sf] zf;g k|lqmofÚ sf] kIfkftL tyf bftfx?aLr tTsfn} ;]jfsf] ljt/0fdf ;d:of cfh klg d'Vo r"gf}ltsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f o;sf ;fy} To; /0fgLltsf b'Owf/] cjwf/0ffsf ?kdf ;xfotf / k|:tfljt ljB't\ If]q ljsf; h:tf /x]sf ;dfhsf] tNnf] tx;Dd ;|ft ] ;fwg k'¥ofpg] / k"jl{ glZrt s]xL ;+:yfut÷If]qut ;'wf/ sfo{qmdx?_ ljsf;sf] k|efjsf/Ltf a9fpg] s'/fx? >L % sf] nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . -u_ vf;u/L ;dfof]hg ;/sf/sf] kL=cf/=P;=kL= sfo{qmddf cfwfl/t gof C0f;xfotf pko'Qm gx'g] Go"g txsf] jftfj/0fsf ;xfotf /0fgLlt k|:t't geP;Dd cf=j= )$ df klg kl/k|I ] odf ;fd'bflos kl/of]hgfx? -h:t} bf]>f] + sf nflu dfu{lgb]z a}s { s /0fgLltsf ?kdf /lx/xg]5g\ . u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ tyf ;/;kmfO{_ . w]/h } ;f] + sf] rfn' /0fgLltdf lgDglnlvt s'/fx?nfO{ o;}aLr, a}s l:yltdf Pn=cfO{=Pn= nfO{ ;a}eGbf pko'Qm dfGg ;dflji6 ul/Psf] 5M ;lsg] 5 . o;nfO{ Psk6s k/LIf0f u/] k l5 ;/sf/n] k|bz{g ug]{ :jfdLTjefjsf cfwf/df o; n klxnf], sfo{qmdn] kl/0ffd÷k|ltkmnx?df cem a9L k| s f/sf] ;xof] u nfO{ sfo{ q mlds ;xfotfsf Wofg k'¥ofpg]5 . ;g\ @))! sf] cGTolt/ g]kfndf dfWodaf6 yk 6]jf k'¥ofpg] / ah]6df To:tf sfo{ / t a} + s sf] ;d' x n] ;xfotf /0fgLltsf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ;dflxt u/fpg] . p2]Zox?cg'?k dWodcjlwsf -cf=j= )%_ n cGTodf, a}s + n] bft[ ;dGjo / ;fem]bf/Lsf] ljsf;!@ k|ltkmnx? ;d]t ;dfj]z ePsf] bL3{sfnLg [ ug]{ sfo{nfO{ hf/L g} /fVg]5 . ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ ;'b9 k|ltkmnx?sf] dfkb08sf] ljsf; u/]sf] lyof] . o; o;af6 ToxL s'/f bf]x/fpg'sf] ;§fdf kl/k'/s x'g] k|sf/n] To:tf k|ltkmnx?sf] k"jl{ gwf{l/t dfkb08 lsl;dn] 6]jf k'Ug hfg]5 . oxL s'/f ljQLo ;kmntf;fy xf;Ln ug{sf nflu /0fgLlt, pkfo / ;xof]usf ;Gbe{df klg nfu' x'g5 ] / lzIff tyf ;+oGqx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ ;a} ljQLo If]qaf6 l;s]sf] o;;DaGwL kf7af6 lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ To;} lbzftkm{ pGd'v ul/g] ePsf] ;+rfngsf nflu /fd|f] cg'ej k|fKt x'g] x'G5 . cem 5 . a[xt\ :t/sf] ;Gbe{df eg] cfO{=P=kL= / n08g n bf]>f], a}+sn] cfkm"nfO{ g]kfnsf] kl/jt{gsf] a}7s!# df ljsl;t lgs6td\ ;dGjon] ljut s]xL ;xhstf{Ú sf] ?kdf k|:t't x'gdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5, dlxgfotf bftfx? aLrsf] ;xsfo{nfO{ cem ;'b9 [ g ls kl/of]hgf ljz]ifdf ;+nUg x'gdf Wofg lbg]5 . kf/]sf] 5 . oL p2]Zox? xf;Ln ug]{ qmddf o; ;+s6n] ;'wf/sfdLx?sf] kIfdf pko'Qm jftfj/0f k|lqmofdf vf;u/L d'Vo If]qx?df ;/sf/L g]tT [j l;h{gf ul/lbPsf] s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} a}s + n] pknAw xf]cf];\ eGgsf nflu 7fp lbg'kg]{ s'/f ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] ljt/0f k|0ffnL / zf;gsf dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . cfwf/x?df ;'wf/ Nofpg rflng] :yfoL k|sl[ tsf sbdx?nfO{ ;'lgZrt ug{ kl/jt{gsf/Lx?;+u ldn]/ pNn]v ul/Pem}+ a}s + sf] e"ldsf kl/jt{gsf] ;xhstf{Ú sfd ug]5 { . o:tf] Wofg ;'wf/sf d'Vo If]q tyf sf] ?kdf /xgdf hf]8 lbPkl5 P=P=P= sf] dxTj cem kfqx?;+ u 5nkmn tyf k| f ljlws ;xfotf a9]/ hfg]5 . ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] dxTj / ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjognufot P=P=P sfo{of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf b]vfk/]sf] lzlyntfnfO{ df cem ;zQm ?kdf s]Gb|Lt x'g5 ] . b[li6ut ubf{ o; If]qdf xfn ;+rflnt sfddf lj:tf/ n t]>f], ca a}s + sfo{qmldsÚ cjwf/0fftkm{ qmlds eO{ cf=j= )# jf ;f] kl5 klg of] Ps d'Vo c+usf] ?kdf cl3a9\ b } hfg] 5 . To:tf] cjwf/0ff ?kdf /lx/xg]5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 of] ;xfotfsf kL=cf/=P;=kL= ;DkGg ePkl5 cfufdL ;xfotf nflu cg'/f]w ePsf] xf] / z'?df ljQLo ljs]Gb|Ls/0f /0fgLltdf k"0f{ ?kdf k|ltljlDat x'g5 ] . To;f] eP k|0ffnLsf] j[xt\ 9frfsf] ljsf; ug{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] klg g]kfnsf] jt{dfg ljQLo rfk / ;]jfsf] p2]Zo /flvPsf] xf] . tt\ kZrft\ dWodcjlwdf ljt/0fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg eO/x]sf] xfnsf] k|of;sf sfof{Gjodf ;3fp k'¥ofpg dfuadf]lhd tTsfn ;fy} ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] zf;gsf cfwf/x?sf] k/fdz{;j ] f -;+lIfKt gLltut l6kf]6 / k|fljlws ;xfotf u'0f:t/df kl/jt{g Nofpgsf nflu a}s + n] pko'Qm pknAw u/fpg] OToflb_ lbg] Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 ul/g]5 . zt{x?;lxtsf] ;dfof]hg C0f;xfotf k|bfg P=P=P= sfo{qmdn] cfufdL !* dlxgfdf ul/aL lgjf/0f ug]t + fO{ /fv]sf] 5 . { km{ ;f]r ug]t { km{ Jofks k|efj kfg{sf nflu r"gf}ltx? lj?4 n rf}yf], k/Dk/fut ?kdf nufgL shf{sf] pkof]u n8\g / afwfc8rgx? x6fpg d'Vo ?kdf lqmofzLn lgDglnlvt If]qx?df oyfjt ?kdf hf/L /xg]5M x'g5] . o:tf d'Vo If]qx?df j[l4 tyf Jofkf/, ;fdflhs -s_ km]/L k|of]u ug{sf nflu ;+efAotf / :jfdLTjefj Plss/0f -n}l¨s c;dfgtf ;d]t_, afn >d / ul/aL lgwf{/0f ug]{ gof cjwf/0ffx? -h;df ul/aL lgjf/0f x'g5 ] g\ . g]kfnsf] cfly{s ;+efjgfx?nfO{ a9fpgdf sf]if, Pn=cfO{=Pn= klg x'g;Qm5_ sf] k/LIf0f Jofkf/sf] dxTjnfO{ b[ l i6ut ubf{ Plss[ t ug{÷cu'jf sfo{qmdsf ?kdf k|of]u ug{ . ;'lglZrt ;+/rgfcGtu{t eO/x]sf] Jofkf/ tyf k|lt:kwf{sf] ultljlwx? -pbfx/0f, k|:tfljt ljQLo If]q k|fljlws cWoog n] kL=cf/=o;\=!$ nfO{ 6]jf k'Ug] lx;fadf ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f ax'p2]ZoLo Aofkf/ k|0ffnLdf g]kfn ;dflxt x'gdf /x]sf 36fpb} hfg] / of] sfo{ b'Oj { 6f 7"nf ?U0f afl0fHo k|dv' afwf tyf cj/f]wx?nfO{ klxrfg ug]5 { . g]kfndf + x?af6 z'?jft\ ug]5 a}s { . ;fy}, o;n] -v_ g]= + ] /f=a}= ljBdfg hftLut, hghftLo tyf n}l¨stfdf cfwfl/t sf] lgofdg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ;+/rgfsf] ljsf; tyf ;fdflhs tyf cfly{saf6 PlSng] ;+:yfut k|jl[ Q, ;'b9[ Ls/0f ug]5 { . o; kl/of]hgfn] o; k|ltj]bgdf ul/aLsf k|ltkmnx?df kg]{ o;sf] c;/x?sf ;fy} Jofks ?kdf rrf{ ul/Psf] ljQLo If]qsf] ;'wf/ gLltut tyf ;+:yfut ;'wf/sf ljsNkx?sf af/]df sfo{qmdnfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg]5 . o;df k|f/lDes ] u /fd|f; + a'em\gsf nflu cf=j= )#÷)$ df ;fdflhs r/0fdf /f=af=a}= + / g]=a}=+ ln= sf] k'g;{/ + rgfsf] sfo{ tyf n}l¨s ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog ug]{ of]hgf ul/Psf] klg kb{5 . 5 . o:t}, afn >d kl/of]hgfnfO{ g]kfnn] a'em]sf] 5 n ljB't\ If]q ljsf;n] -s_ cfGtl/s ljB'tLo vkt eGg] cWoog klg hf/L g} /xg]5 / o; ljifonfO{ k"/f ug{ jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs ?kdf bLuf] sfo{qmd leq} /flvg]5 . cf=j= )$ df a}s + n] ljsf;sf] x'g] lsl;dn] g]kfnsf] hnljB'ts \ f] ljsf; ug{, - gLltut ;dLIff -l8e]nkd]06 kf]ln;L l/Eo", l8=kL=cf/=_ v_ u|fdL0f If]qdf ljB't\ ;]jf k'¥ofpg] sfo{df ;'wf/ sf] yfngL ug{s ' f ;fy} ul/aL;DaGwL k|ltj]bgnfO{ Nofpg] / -u_ If]qut ?kdf lskmfotLkg Nofpg / cBfjlws ug]5 { . o;}u/L, l;=kL=P=cf/= / l;=Pkm=P=P= nufgLsf] If]qut cfjZostfsf nflu ljQLo ;DkGg ePsf] s'/fnfO{ b[li6ut ub}{ ;a} k|zf;lgs, kl/rfng ub}{ ljB't\ If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf sfg"gL, cfly{s h:tf cfjZostfx? cf=j= )$ ;Dddf k|j4{g ug{sf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]5 . ljB't\ If]qsf] ldnfOg]5 . o;sf cltl/Qm, ljz]iftM lzIff, :jf:Yo / ;'wf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg' afx]s o; s[lif÷u|fdL0f ljsf; Pjd\ k|fljlws ;xfotfsf af/]sf kl/of]hgfn] ;d'bforflnt, tnaf6 dfly p7]sf] ljifb\ 5nkmnx?af6 o; If] q sf kl/jt{ g sf of]hgf / ljs]Gb|Lt sfof{Gjogsf] cEof; ug]{ u|fdL0f ;+jfxsx?nfO{ ljZj;gLo ;'wf/ sfo{qmd tof/ kf/L If]qx?df ljB't\ ;]jfsf] kx'r a9fpg ;xof]u sfof{Gjo ug]n { ufot g]kfndf a}s + n] k|bfg ub}c { fPsf] k'¥ofpg]5 . ;xfotfsf ;DaGwdf 7f]; e"ldsf v]Ng lg/Gt/ 6]jf n ;+ejtM ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]if -kL=P=Pkm=, Pn\cfO{=Pn\_ k'Ug]5 . n] >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ kL=P=Pkm\= h:tf] ;+oGqsf] th{"df, sfof{Gjog / d'Nof+sg ug{ ;xfotf o; k|ltj]bgcGtu{tsf] ljQLo ;xfotfsf] of]hgfa4 k'¥ofpg]5 . /fd|f; ] u+ th{d " f ul/Psf] kL=P=Pkm\= sfo{qmdnfO{ ;+/rgfut ;dfof]hg shf -P;=P=;L=_ sfo{qmdn] ;dfhsf] tNnf] tx;Dd ;|ft ] ;fwg ;+u cfj4 ug{ ;lsg]5 . o; k|sf/sf] ;xfotf k'¥ofpg, ljs]Gb|Ls/0fnfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg / ul/aL cfO{=P=kL= -kl/lzi7 ! x]gf]; \ / ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] { _ lgjf/0fsf nflu bft[ sfo{qmdx?aLr lg/Gt/tf / k|fyldsLs/0f, ul/aL;DaGwL sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjodf ;dGjo k|j4{g ug]{ 5ftf;+oGq aGg ;Qm5 . ;'wf/ tyf lghL If]qsf] ljsf;sf] k|j4{g;lxt ;fj{hlgs n bf]>f] u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ tyf ;/;kmfO{ If]qsf] hjfkmb]xLtf Pjd\ kf/bzL{tfsf] ;'wf/sf -cf/=8ANo'=P;\=P;\=kL= bf]>f]_ kl/of]hgfn] -s_ s'/fx?nfO{ a9fjf lbg] dWod cjlwsf] ;'wf/ sfo{qmd ;d'Rrf u|fdL0f vfg]kfgLsf] If]q -cu'jf sfo{qmdx? -h:t}, kL=cf/=o;\=kL=_ ;+u ufl;Psf ts{;u + t ?kdf a9fP/_ sf] sfo{ku | ltdf ;'wf/ Nofpgsf nflu r'lgPsf ;'wf/x?sf] sfof{Gjog;+u ;DalGwt x'g5 ] . { f] cjwf/0ffÚ nfO{ lqmofzLn u/fpg]5 . sf]if af]8s ;g\ !((* sf] g]kfnsf nflu ;xfotf /0fgLlt -kl/lzi7 -v_ u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;]jfsf] { _ ( xgf]; \ df plNnlvt k"jl{ gwf{l/t dfkb08df k'Ugsf ljt/0fnfO{ ;xh kfg{ ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L nflu ;'wf/ sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf k|ult ug{ IfdtfnfO{ ;'b9 [ kfg],{ To;sf] cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg cfjZos 5 . o;f] ePdf g]kfn cfwf/e"t txdf sfod ug]{ / tL k|of;x?nfO{ :yfoLTj k|bfg ug{sf nflu /xg ;sL ;dfof]hg C0f;xfotf k|fKt ug{ of]Uo ;fd'bflos Ifdtfsf] ;'b9 [ Ls/0f ug] { . -u_ o;}u/L x'g;Qm5 . o; kl/of]hgfn] vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;'ljwf a9fP/ u|fdL0f hg;+VofnfO{ bLuf] ?kdf :jf:Yo dfly plNnlvt ;xof]ux?sf] kl/k"/ssf ?kdf cfufdL tyf ;/;kmfO{sf nfex? k|bfg ug]{ / -3_ dlxnf !* dlxgfsf nflu pbfx/0f:j?k lgDg k|sf/sf ;d'bfonfO{ vfg]kfgL 3/df Nofpg nfUg] ;dosf] nufgL÷k|fljlws ;xfotf -k|f=;=_ k|bfg ug]{ of]hgf art u/L cfo cfh{g x'g] sfdx?sf] klxrfg ug{ ul/Psf] 5M ;3fp k'¥ofO{ u|fdL0f If]qsf] jf:tljs cfDbfgL n ljQLo If]q k|fljlws ;xfotf -Pkm=o;\=6L=P=_ n] j[l4 ug{sf nflu 6]jf k'¥ofpg]5 . o; If]qsf ;'wf/x? -s_ ljQLo ;+:yfx?df >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] k|ToIf sfo{qmdx?df 6]jf k'¥ofpg' afx]s o; kl/of]hgfaf6 :jfdLTj /x]sf]df ljQLo If]qdf ;/sf/L ;+nUgtf ;fd'bflos ;xeflutfdf cfwfl/t dfuk|l] /t k|lqmof ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f ckgfP/ u|fdL0f If]qx?df vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ b]zsf] lau|bf] ;'/Iff l:yltsf sf/0f o; l:ylt cem a9fpg ;xof]u ug]5 ;]jfsf] kx'r { . nlDaPdf a}+ssf] kf]6{kmf]lnof]af6 xf;Ln x'g;Sg] pknlAwdf pNn]vgLo x«f; x'g] 7"nf] ;+efjgf /x]sf] + ;xfotfsf nflu C0f;xfotf cfwf/x?M ;'wf/ a}s 5 . ;fd'bflos kl/of]hgfx? ljb|fx ] L ultljlwaf6 sd sfo{qmddf vf;u/L ljQLo If]qdf xf;Ln ePsf] k|efljt ePsf] kfOPsf] x'b f ;fd'bflos ;]jfdf cfwfl/t k|ultnfO{ b[li6ut u/L g]kfnnfO{ Go"g txÚ sf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ a}s + sf] cjwf/0ff pko'Qm x'g kl/b[ioaf6 aflx/ lgsfNg' pko'Qm x'g5 ] . ;dfof]hg ;Qm5 . o;sf cltl/Qm, jt{dfg kl/l:yltn] Jofks C0f;xfotfsf nflu of]Uo x'gs ' f ;fy} cfwf/e"t txÚ ?kdf ;'wf/ vf;u/L zf;g / ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] df k'Ugsf nflu g]kfnn] ;g\ !((* sf] ;xfotf /0fgLltdf ljt/0fdf ;'wf/ ug]{ df}sf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . o:t}, -kl/lzi7 # df xf;Ln ePsf lj:t[t pknlAwx?sf + n] ;]jfsf] ljt/0fdf ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu ;'wf/sf a}s { _ nflu x]gf]; \ pNn]v ul/Psf cfwf/x? lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;sf/fTds cg'ejx?nfO{ ;lqmotfk"js ] f0f ug{s { ;Dk|i ' f xf;Ln ul//x]sf x'g'kb{5 . o;}n] g]kfnn] ;'wf/ ;fy} kl/jt{gsf ;+jfxsx?nfO{ e/kbf]{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg] sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjog ;'b9 [ ?kdf hf/L /fVg h?/L sfo{ hf/L g} /fVg]5 . c;'/Iffaf6 pTkGg x'g] 5 . o;sf nflu kL=cf/=o;\=kL= df ;dfj]z ePsf] hf]vLdx?nfO{ 36fpg] ;a}eGbf pQd dfWod g} dWodcjlwsf] ;'wf/ sfo{qmd lgs6 ?kdf ;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] sfo{ku | lt tyf pknlAw xf] . cfO{=P=kL= sfo{qmddf /x]sf sfo{qmdx?sf] OdfGbf/Lk"js { sfof{Gjog ug{' d'Vo k"jz { t{sf ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . o;df csf]{ hf]vLd eg]sf] bLuf] tyf ;+/lIft /fhgLlttkm{ xf;Ln ePsf] k|ultsf] d'Nof+sg >L % sf] ;/sf/ tyf kms{g] ;+efjgf xf] . d'VotM k|fljlws ljz]if1x?n] cufl8 ljsf;df ;xsfo{/t kIfx?n] ;+oQ ' m ?kdf ug]5 { g\ . a9fPsf] ;'wf/ k|lqmofsf] k|ult k|efjsf/L tyf o; cltl/Qm, ;+ejtM ul/aL 36fpg] / j[l4 ug]{ pT;fxhgs eP klg sfd tyf k|ulttkm{ pGd'v -ka6L{ l/8S;g P08 u|fy ] kmØfl;ln6L, kL=cf/=hL=Pkm\=_ ;/sf/sf] u7g x'g cem s]xL ;do nfUg ;Sg]5 . sfo{qmdn] 6]jf k'¥ofpg] a[xt\ cfly{s sfo{qmd ;+rfng o;af6 /fhgLlt1 tyf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?n] cf x'g] s'/fsf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu cfkm\gf] sfo{sf af/]df gof cfrf/;+lxtfcg'?ksf] Aojxf/ cGt/f[li6«o d'bf | sf]if -cfO{=Pd\=Pkm\_ ;+usf] lg/Gt/ ug{' kg]5{ . lgjf{lrt ;/sf/nfO{ ljz]if1x?sf] afx'No ;dGjo hf/L /xg' cfjZos 5 . olb ;'wf/ k|lqmoftkm{sf /x]sf] cGtl/d ;/sf/n] lhDd]jf/L ;'lDkPkl5 a;La;L k|of;x?df cj/f]w cfPdf g]kfn k'gM Go"g txÚ s} vfg] / ;'wf/ k|lqmofnfO{ dGb ultdf cl3 a9fpg] l:yltdf kms{g5 ] . ] kfpg;Sg] hf]vLd k"/fg} 9/f{sf] /fhgLlts k|jl[ Qn] k|jz g/x]sf] xf]Og . jt{dfg ;/sf/sf ;'wf/sf kIfkftL g]tfx? To; s'/f k|lt Psbd} ;r]t /x]sf 5g\ . pgLx? hf]vLdx? ;'wf/ k|lqmofnfO{ tLa| kfg]{ / ;'wf/af6 k|fKt g]kfnn] ljleGg lsl;dsf cfGtl/s tyf afx\Ø If]qaf6 kl/jt{gk|lt hg;dy{g h'6fpg'nfO{ g} k5fl8 kms{gaf6 u+eL/td\ r"gf}lt tyf hf]vLdx?sf] ;fdgf ug{' kl//x]sf] /f]Sg] pQd pkfo xf] eGg] xf] eGg] s'/fk|lt ljZj:t 5 . klxnf] tyf ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/f lau|bf] ;'/Iff 5g\ . o;eGbf klg dxTjsf] s'/f clwsf+z g]kfnL ] L ultljlwn] /fHosf] j}wflgstfnfO{ l:ylt xf] . ljb|fx hgtf ;'wf/sf If]qdf eO/x]sf sfo{x?sf] :jfut\ tyf g} r"gf}lt lbO/x]sf] 5 / o;sf nflu ;}lgs sf/jfxL ;dy{g ub{5g\ -kl/lzi6 ! xgf]; \ . g]kfndf klg { _ dfq kof{Kt x'g] 5}g . /fHon] ;fj{hlgs lxt / ul/aLsf o:tf ;'wf/x? ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljZjf; g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;d:ofx?sf] lg/fs/0f ug]t { km{ cfkm\gf] Ifdtf k|bz{g ePkl5 pgLx?df yk ;'wf/x?sf] dfu ug]{ cfTdljZjf; ug{ cfjZos 5 . xfn} k"jf{wf/ :yfkGgx?dfly ePsf a9]/ hfg' :jefljs} x'G5 . o;af6 /fhg}lts kl/l:ylt cfqmd0fnufot ljb|f]xL ultljlwdf ePsf] la:tf/ klxn]em}+ slyt ;fdfGoÚ l:yltdf kms{g' uf¥xf] x'g lrGtfnfUbf] 5 / o;n] g]kfnsf] ljsf;df bL3{sfnLg hfg]5 . o;}n] ;'wf/sf k|lqmofx?nfO{ tLa| kfg{ ;'wf/sf gsf/fTds c;/ kfg]5 { . o;/L b]zsf s'n #,()) kIfkftLx?nfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg' a}s + sf] d'Vo /0fgLlt x'g5] . uf=lj=;= ejgx?dWo] Ps÷ltxfO{ Wj:t kfl/Psf 5g\ o; cy{df lgs6td\ bft[ ;dGjo sfod /fVb} eg] !# j6f lhNnfdf 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf 5}g . o:t}, % j6f ;/sf/nfO{ lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;Gb]z k|jflxt ug{' a}s + sf] hnljB't\ s]Gb|af6 pTkfbg x'g 5f]8s ] f] 5 eg] ^ j6f /0fgLltsf] d'Vo kIf x'g5 ] . of] 7"nf] hf]vLdjfkt 7"n} ljdfg:yn aGb ePsf 5g\, h;af6 b"ud { If]qsf k|ltkmnÚ sf] cjwf/0ff xf] . oBlk, of] cjwf/0ff ;'wf/sf hgtfnfO{ pknAw Psdfq oftfoft ;fwgsf] cefjdf k|lqmofaf6 k|fKt pknlAwx?nfO{ b[li6ut ubf{ k"0f{ ?kdf cGo If]q;+u pgLx?sf] ;DaGw ljR5]b ePsf] 5 . Gofo;+ut 7xb{5 . ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f ! ' /fhg}lts bnx?aLr /fhg}lts gof ;/sf/ / k|dv cGTodf, yk hf]vLd s] klg x'g ;Qm5 eg] cfly{s ult/f]w pTkGg ePsf] 5 . olb o;af6 u+eL/ k|sl[ tsf] l:ylt lg/Gt/ ?kdf v:s]/ g]kfn afxØ jftfj/0faf6 /fhg}lts cl:y/tf pTkGg ePdf ;'wf/sf kIfdf /x]sf emg\ a9L hf]vLddf kg{ ;Qm5 . ljZj tyf cfGtl/s ljz]if1x?nfO{ ;d]t yk ;'wf/sf nflu d+qLkl/ifb\sf] cfly{s cj:yfdf k'gp{4f/ gePdf ko{6g / lgof{tdf cg'df]bg k|fKt ug{ / ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] ;'wf/sf lge{/ /x]sf] g]kfnsf] dWodcjlwsf ;+efjgfx? w'dLn nflu lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lqmofzLn u/fO{ /fVg x'g hfg]5 . t;y{, ljQLo tyf a[xt\ cfly{s l:y/tf sl7gfO{ pTkGg x'g ;Qm5 . o; l:yltdf a}+sn] sfod /fVb} cfly{s pTkfbsTj / k|lt:kwf{Tdstf a9fP/ kl/l:yltsf] glhsaf6 cg'udg ug{'afx]s To:tf ;'wf/ sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjog u/]df dfq} hf]vLdx?sf] ] . hf]vLdx?sf] lg/fs/0f ug{ k|foM c;+ej x'g5 lg/fs/0f ug{' Psdfq pQd ljsNk x'g ;Qm5 . !@ g]kfndf bft[ ;d'bfoaLr ;dGjofTds k|of;x? k|efjsf/L /x]sf / a}s + ÷bftfx?aLr ;'b9 [ ;DaGw /x]sf] . o;df -s_ ljQLo If]qdf 8L=Pkm=cfO{=8L= / cfO{=Pd=Pkm=, -v_ lzIffsf If]qdf cf=k|f=lz=k= af:s]6 kml08¨, / -u_ tfTsfnLs sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog, h;df >L % sf] ;/sf/sf ljleGg If]qsf k|of;x?nfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpgsf nflu bftfx?nfO{ g]tT [ jbfoL lhDd]af/L ;'lDkg'sf ;fy} sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg ;+oQ' m ?kdf ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf] . ' m clw/fHosf] ;/sf/n] ;g\ @))@ h"g !( / @) df n08gdf cfof]hgf u/]sf] cGt/f{li6«o a}7s . o;n] g]kfnsf] ljsf;, /fhgLlt tyf ;'/Iffsf h:tf !# ;+oQ JbGbsf ljljw kIfx?sf] ;fdgf ug{sf nflu Plss[t sfo{;l" rsf] ljsf; ug{df ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . [ Ls/0f / !$ ;g\ @))@ ;]K6]Da/df cjwf/0ffkqdf 5nkmnkl5 o; af/]sf] cWoog rfn' /x]sf] . o; ljZn]if0fn] gLltut ;'wf/, ;+:yfut Ifdtfsf] ;'b9 { . Jofkfl/s k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtfsf] k|j4{g ug{sf nflu sfo{ of]hgfsf] l;kmfl/; ug]5 !% bLuf], e/kbf],{ sd vlr{nf,] dfu k|l] /t / ;fd'bfoLs cjwf/0ffdf cfwfl/t eO{ u|fdL0f If]qdf vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ sf]if ljsf; af]8{ jf 5f]6s/Ldf km08 af]8s { f] :yfkgf ;g\ !((^ dfr{ dlxgfdf ePsf] xf] . :jfoQ ;+:yfsf ?kdf ;fdfGotM k|efjsf/L b]lvPsf] o; af]8d { f slDtdf Pshgf dlxnf;lxt lghL If]qsf k|ltlglwx? ;dfj]z ePsf] ;ft ;b:oLo ;+rfns ;ldlt /x]sf] 5 . " ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f kl/lzi6 Ps { ;'wf/nfO{ tLa| kfg] tfTsfnLs sfo{of]hgf ;g\ @))@ sf] h'g # df ;'wf/ k|lqmofnfO{ ult k|bfg g} k|Zg p7\g k'u]sf] 5 . o; sfo{of]hgfn] s]xL ug{ d+qLkl/ifb\n] tfTsfnLs sfo{of]hgf -cfO{=P=kL=_ bL3{sfnLg ;'wf/sf s'/fx? k|:tfljt u/]sf] 5M nfO{ cg'df]bg u/]sf] lyof] . ;fj{hlgs k|rf/df NofOPsf] tTsfnsf] sfo{of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf # n ;fj{hlgs vr{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0fsf ;fy} jflif{s lsl;dsf ;'wf/ sfo{qmdx?df -s_ ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] ah]6nfO{ a9L oyfy{ / kf/bzL{ agfpg] k|fyldsLs/0f, -v_ ;]jfsf] ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ n :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?dfkm{t :yfgLo ljsf;sf Nofpg] pkfo / -u_ e|i6frf/lj?4 n8\g'sf ;fy} nflu sf]ifsf] kl/rfng hjfkmb]xLtfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] pkfox? /x]sf 5g\ . o;y{, n ;xfotf /sdnfO{ sfo{ku | lt;+u cfj4 ul/g'sf ;fy} tTsfnsf] sfo{of]hgfn] ;fj{hlgs ;|ft ] x?sf] k|efjsf/L pRr k|fyldstfk|fKt sfo{qmdx?nfO{ /sd k|bfg Joj:yfkg, ljsf; kl/of] h gf÷sfo{ q mdx?sf] ug]{ k|fyldsLs/0f, hjfkmb]xLtf clej[l4 / ;fj{hlgs n lzIfslzlIfsfx?nfO{ lgo'QmL / avf{:tuL ug{;Sg] ;]jfx?sf] k|efjsf/L 9+uaf6 k'¥ofpg] p2]Zo /fv]sf] clwsf/;lxt ;fj{hlgs ljBfnox?nfO{ ;fd'bflos 5 . tTsfnsf] sfo{of]hgfn] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ kIfdf Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdfdf ;'lDkg] . o;n] w]/} s'/fx? ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfP/ oyfy{df yf]/} n :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ k|fylds :jf:Yo rf}sLx?sf] s'/fnfO{ dfq ;+af]wg ug]{ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] klxn]sf] lhDd]af/L ;'lDkg] / :jf:Yo sfo{stf{x?sf] xflh/L k|rngnfO{ tf]8s ] f] 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] jt{dfg :yfgLo lgsfon] hfr u/]/ dfq pgLx?nfO{ ljQLo cK7Øf/fx?sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu bftfx?af6 kfl/>lds lbg] . ah]6 ;xof]usf] ck]Iff ul//x]sf]n] hgtfsf] dg lhTg n ah]6;DaGwL hfgsf/L / vr{sf] ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs dfq sfof{Gjog kIfdf /fd|f] pbfx/0f k|:t't ug{k ' g]{ :yndf 6f:g] geO{ bftfx?sf] ljZjf; k|fKt ug{ klg To;f] ug{ n ;fj{hlgs v/Lb sfo{ / ljQLo hjfkmb]xLtf;DaGwL h?/L 5 . tTsfnsf] sfo{of]hgf tTsfn} nfu' eO{ o;sf] ;'wf/x?sf] sfof{Gjog ug],{ / sfof{Gjog pNn]vgLo ;kmntfsf ;fy eO/x]sf] 5 . n e|i6frf/lj?4sf] /0fgLltsf] ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjog z'? ug] {. tTsfnsf] sfo{of]hgf -cfO{=P=kL=_ n] s]xL To:tf ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;d]t ;+af]wg ug]{ k|of; ug]5 { h;sf] tTsfnsf] sfo{of]hgfn] kL=cf/=o;\=kL= -clGtd r/0fdf k|lts"n k|efjaf6 >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ljZj;gLotfdfly /x]sf]_ 6]jf k'¥ofpg'sf ;fy} k|yd r/0fsf] sfo{of]hgfsf] ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f # sfof{Gjog x'gf;fy ;'wf/nfO{ lj:tfl/t ug{ jflif{s tTsfnsf] sfo{of]hgfsf] sfo{tflnsfn] s'g} klg sfd cfwf/df gof tTsfnsf] sfo{of]hgf -cfO{=P=kL=_ sf] slt ;dodf ;DkGg ug],{ h?/L ;"rf+sx? / ck]lIft ljsf; ul/g]5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ;'wf/ cg'udg k|ltkmnx?sf af/]df ;d]t hfgsf/L lbG5 . sfof{Gjogdf ;ldlt -;'=sf=;=_ u7g u/]sf] / To;df lgoldt ?kdf eO/x]sf] k|ultsf af/]df ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/x?;+u sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg tyf k|ultsf] ;dLIff ug{ cy{ lgoldt ?kdf 5nkmn x'g5 ] . dGqfno, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / k|wfgd+qLsf] sfof{nosf k|ltlglwx?af6 k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] 5 . vf; sfof{Gjogsf] k|ult;lxt tTsfnsf] sfo{of]hgf ' f cltl/Qm k|sl[ tsf sfo{x?sf af/] lj:t[t k|sfz kfg{s -cfO{=P=kL=_ sf d'Vo sfo{qmdx? tn lbOPsf] 5 . If]q÷sfo{qmd k|ult -;g\ @))@ sf] cS6f]a/ #! ;Ddsf]_ ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] k|fyldsLs/0f n cf=j= )# sf] ah]6sf] tof/L d=c=v=;+= / !) cf}+ of]hgf÷kL=cf/=o;\=kL= af6 dfu{lgb]l{ zt ;a} vr{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f vf;u/L ljsf; n ;'/Iff cfjZostfx?sf nflu k"/f /sdsf] ljlgof]hgaf6 Ps sfdsf] /sd cGo sfddf ultljlwx?sf o;af6 ah] 6 cem a9L k|of]u ug]{Ú l:ylt g/xg] oyfy{ k /s x' g ] / To;n] a9\ b f] ;' / Iff n ^@^ j6f kl/of]hgfnfO{ $&) sf] ;+Vofdf emfl/Psf] . pko'QmtfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L !%^ j6f { . cfjZostfx?nfO{ k|ltljlDat ug]5 kl/of]hgfnfO{ cl3 ga9fOPsf] . n & j6f ljifout If]q -lzIff, vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo, s[lif, l;+rfO, ;8s / ljB't_ \ sf !)) j6f pRr k|fyldstfk|fKt kl/of]hgfx?nfO{ -klxnf] k6s cf=j= )# sf] ah]6 - /ftf] lstfaÚ df_ 5'§} kl/lzi6sf] ?kdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] . n ;a} dGqfnox?df k|fyldsLs/0fsf] sfd ;lsPsf] . n /f=of]=cf= n] cui6 dlxgfdf d=c=v=;+= sf] ;+zf]wg÷cBfjlws u/]sf] . o; af/]df gful/s ;dfh, cfd;+rf/, ;/sf/ / bftfx? ;xeflutf /x]sf] sfo{zfnfdf 5nkmn ePsf] . /f=of=cf=÷cy{ dGqfnon] d=c=v=;+= df yk ;+zf]wg u/L clGtd sfo{of]hgf gf]e]Da/ dlxgfsf] dWolt/ hf/L ug]{ . n kL= ! kl/of]hgfx?sf nflu cfjZos ah]6 ;dod} pknAw u/fpg] . cy{ dGqfnon] /sd ] a/sf] bf]>f] jf clGtd ;ftflt/ eO;Sg] . lgsf;faf/ x]l//x]sf] . o; k|aGwsf] ;dLIff gf]eD /sdsf] ljlgog]hg ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] cjwf/0ffsf] n ] ;fwgsf] 7"nf] ;d:of /x] klg cf=j= )# df lh=lj=;=, uf=lj=;= / gu/kflnsfx?nfO{ ;|ft cg's"n x'g]M lbOg] cg'bfg cf=j= )@ sf] xf/fxf/Ld} x'g] . n :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ cf=j= )@ sf] eGbf n /fhZj ;+sngsf s]xL If]qx? :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ ;'lDkO;s]sf] kl/k|I ] odf cf=j= )$ sf] g36\g] u/L cf=j= )# df Psd'i6 /sd ljlgof]hg lhNnfx?sf] /fhZj ;+sng l:yltsf cfwf/df ug]{ ;+efjgfx?sf] vf]hL eO/x]sf] . cg'bfg lbg] . n s[lif k|;f/, pk:jf:Yo rf}sL / lzIff If]qdf cltl/Qm cg'bfg lbOPsf]n] :yfgLo n :yfgLo lgsfodfkm{t s[lif k|;f/, pk lgsfo÷;+:yfx?tkm{sf] ;|ft ] sf] k|jfxdf j[l4 ePsf] . ;/sf/n] ;|ft ] -;fwgnfO{ ;dfhsf] :jf:Yo rf}sL / cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds tNnf] tx;Dd k'¥ofpg] ;+efjgfx?sf] vf]hL ul//x]sf] . lzIffdf /sd k|jflxt ug] {. n vr{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] k|lta]bg a'emfO;lsPsf] . :yfgLo lgsfox?df ;dfg'kflts n ul/aL;DaGwL ;'qsf] ljsf; u/L :yfgLo 9+un] ;|f]t k|jfx ug]{ pkfosf af/]df dfu{lgb]{lzsf tof/ kfl/Psf] . lgsfonfO{ Psd'i6 cg'bfg lbP/ cf=j= n :yfgLo lgsfo÷;+:yfx?nfO{ ;|ft ] lgsf;f ug]{ sfdnfO{ ;xh / ;'rf? agfpgsf nflu )$ sf] ah]6df sfof{Gjog u/fpg] . pko'Qm lsl;dsf] dfu{lgb]l{ zsfsf] ljsf; u/L 5nkmnsf qmddf /x]sf] . n ul/aLdf cfwfl/t ljlgof]hgsf] ;'qsf] ljsf; ug]{ k|lqmof z'? ePsf] . n ljsf; kl/of]hgf÷sfo{qmd tLg k|sf/df ljeflht- kL=!, kL=@, kL=# . k|fyldstfk|fKt kl/of]hgfx? -kL= ! x?_ sf n kL=! nfO{ & If]qdf ljsf; vr{sf] %@ k|ltzt /sd ljlgof]lht . cf=j= )# sf] z'?df xsdf k"/f /sd lgsf;f ul/g] . sfo{k|ultsf ah]6sf] Ps÷ltxfO{ ljlgof]hg ePsf] . ;"rf+sx?;+u lgsf;f x'g] /sdnfO{ cfj4 ul/g] . n /f=of=cf= n] kL=! sf] jflif{s tyf q}dfl;s sfo{qmdx?nfO{ :jLs[lt hgfPsf] . n /f=of=cf= sf] k"j{:jLs[lt glnO{ kL=! sf nflu ljlgof]lht /sddf x]/km]/ ug{ gkfOg] . n ah]6 lgsf;fsf] cfwf/sf ?kdf kl/of]hgfsf dfkb08x?sf] ljsf; u/L kL= ! sfo{qmdx?sf] ljlgof]hg / vr{;u + tfnd]n ldnfpg] . rfn' sfo{qmdsf] xsdf vf;u/L :yfgLo lgsfox?df x'g] /sd lgsf;fsf] ;+oGqnfO{ cem r':t kfl/g] . n k|yd rf}dfl;sdf ePsf] sfo{ku | ltsf cfwf/df kl/of]hgfx?nfO{ ah]6 lgsf;f ul/g] . ef}lQs pknlAwx?sf] cg'udg ug{ k|ltj]bg÷k|lqmofx?sf] lgwf{/0f ul/g] / /sd lgsf;fnfO{ sfo{k|ultl;t cfj4 ul/g] . n /f=of]=cf= ;+u lgs6 ;Dks{df /x]/ dGqfnox?n] ;"rsf+s÷dfkb08x? lgwf{/0f u/L k|ltkmnx?sf] cg'udg ug] {. $ ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f If]q÷sfo{qmd k|ult -;g\ @))@ sf] cS6f]a/ #! ;Ddsf]_ ;]jfsf] ljt/0fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] pkfox? n k|fylds ljBfnox?sf] x:tfGt/0fsf] dfu{lgb]{lzsf÷k|lqmofx? -ljBfno 5gf]6 k|lqmof, lzIff lj=Jo=;= x?sf] clwsf/ / ;Da4 lgsfo Pj+ n]vf k/LIf0f÷n]vfsf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/Lx? n k| f ylds ljBfnox?sf] Joj:yfkg af/]_ sf af/] ;xdltdf k'Ug] . To;nfO{ Jofks k|rf/-k|;f/ ug] {. ;d'bfox?nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ k|lqmofx? n ljBdfg sfg"gL ;+/rgfsf] cwLgdf /x]/ ljBfnox?sf] x:tfGt/0fnfO{ ;xh u/fpgsf th{d " f ug] {. nflu lzIff P]gdf ;+zf]wg ug]{ . n z' ? sf] r/0fdf ;fj{ h lgs k| f ylds n x:tfGt/0fsf nflu * j6f lhNnfsf &* j6f ljBfnox? 5gf]6 ul/g] . &! j6f x:tfGt/0fnfO{ ljBfnox?nfO{ ;d'bfoLs Joj:yfkgnfO{ cg'df]bg ug]{ / @^ j6f ljBfnonfO{ jf:tljs ?kdf x:tfGt/0f ug] { . o;}u/L yk %) j6f x:tfGt/0f ug] { / ljBfno Joj:yfkg ljBfnonfO{ x:tfGt/0fsf nflu k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg] . ;ldltx? -lj=Jo=;=_ nfO{ Psd'i7 -Ans_ n lj=Jo=;= x?nfO{ pknAw ul/g] Ans cg'bfg cfDbfgL tyf vr{sf] lx;fasf cfwf/df ug] {. cg'bfg lbg] . n k|fylds ljBfnox?sf nflu lzIfslzlIfsf 5gf]6 sfo{ /f]Sg] . tTsfnLg sfo{of]hgf nfu' n k|fylds ljBfnox?sf lzIfs lzlIfsfx?sf] ePkl5 s]Gb|Lo txaf6 Pshgf klg lzIfslzlIfsf 5gf]6 gePsf] . lgo'QmLsf] lhDdf lj=Jo=;= x?nfO{ ;'lDkg] . n x:tfGt/0f k|lqmofdf ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg ;+rf/ /0fgLlt -k|fylds ljBfnox?sf] lhDdf lng n s] G b| a f6 lzIfslzlIfsfx? lgo' Q m ug] { :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ clek|l] /t u/fpg_ th{d " f ug]{ sfd hf/L /xg] . kl/kf6Lsf] cGTo ug]{ . :jf:Yo n cS6f]a/ !) tfl/v ;Dddf ^* j6f p=:jf=rf}= -lrtjgdf #@ j6f / emfkfdf #^ j6f_ / n pk:jf:Yo rf} s L -p=:jf=rf} = _ x?sf] gf]e]Da/df eQmk'/df !@ j6f p=:jf=rf}= x:tfGt/0f ePsf] . cf=j= )# ;Dddf !! Joj:yfkg :yfgLo :jf:Yo Joj:yfkg lhNnfsf %)) j6f p=:jf=rf}= x:tfGt/0f ug{ klxrfg ul/Psf] . ;ldltn] ug]{ . n :jf:Yo dGqfnon] p=:jf=rf}= x?sf] Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLo :jf:Yo Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] n pk:jf:Yo rf}sL -p=:jf=rf}=_ df :jf:Yo e"ldsf af/] hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon uf=lj=;=, lh=lj=;=, lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, sfo{stf{x? xfhL/ ePsf] s'/f uf=lj=;= n] p=:jf=rf}= x?sf nflu cled'vLs/0f Kofs]hsf] tof/L . o; ;DaGwL tflnd gf]e]Da/ k|dfl0ft u/]kl5 dfq kfl/>lds lbg] . dlxgfsf] dWolt/ z'? eO{ o; sfo{qmdnfO{ p=:jf=rf}= x:tfGt/0f ul/g] lhNnfx?sf] n p=:jf=rf}= n] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfx?, lng] z'Ns :jf:Yo;DaGwL k|of;x?sf] ;'b9 [ Ls/0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf k|dv ' bftfx? -8L=Pkm=cfO{=8L=, / zNolqmofsf] ;dofjlw cflbsf af/] o'lg;]km, o'=P;=P=cfO{=8L=÷s]o/ OG6/g]zgn / lh=6L=h]8=_ n] k|fljlws tyf ljQLo 6]jf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf lbg] . k'¥ofpg]5g\ . n xfhL/ hfr / kfl/>lds k|bfg ug]{ ljifodf kfngf ug{k " f ' g]{ lgb]l{ zsf;lxtsf] kq th{d eO;s]sf] 5 . k|aGwg sfo{sf] cg'udg ug]{ / tt\;DaGwL k|ltj]bgx?nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ug] {. n p=:jf=rf}= ;+u ;Da4 ;"rgf / cg'udgsf ljifodf dfu{lgb]l{ zsf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu hf/L ug] { . kf/bzL{tfsf nflu gof" th{d " f ul/Psf] tflnd sfo{qmddf ;]jf tyf z'Nsx?sf] lgwf{l/t 9f"rfsf] k|ltlnkL p=:jf=rf}= x?df 6f:g] . n k|To]s uf=lj=;= cGtu{t /xg] :yfgLo :jf:Yo Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf & hgf ;b:ox? /xg] 5g\ . To;dWo] # hgfnfO{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] dgf]gog ug]5 { eg] $ hgfn] :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj ug]5 { g\ . oL $ hgfdf ! hgf :yfgLo lzIfs, ! hgf blnt dlxnf, ! hgf :yfgLo a'hs '| / ! hgf j8fsf] :jod\;j ] L dlxnf :jf:Yo sfo{stf{ /xg]5g\ . lghfdtL ;]jfdf ;'wf/ n l/Qm &,%)) kbx?sf] b/aGbL vf/]h ug]{ . n l/Qm /x]sf lghfdtL ;]jfsf kbx?nfO{ qmlds n ] a/ dlxgfsf] dWo ;Dddf vf/]h ug{ ;lsg] cGo kbx?af/] k'g/fjnf]sg ug] gf]eD {. ?kdf vf/]h ub}{ hfg] . e|i6frf/ lj?4 n8\g] / n { g ;a} dGqfnox?nfO{ hf/L ug] cy{ dGqfnon] of] sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ lgb]z { . kmn:j?k, hjfkmb]xLtf a[l4 ug]{ pkfox? lhNnf sfo{x?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] . o;sf] sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] k|fdfl0fstfsf nflu -:yfgLo lgsfo tyf ;Da4 dGqfnox?sf]_ jflif{s gd"gf ;j]{If0f ug]{ . {. ah]6 / jf:tljs vr{sf] k|ltj]bg k|sflzt ug] lhNnfut k'g/fjnf]sg slDtdf klg k|To]s {. rf}dfl;sdf ug] ah] 6 sf] ljlgof] h g tyf vr{ s f af/] n of] sfo{ k"/f ug{ cy{ dGqfnon] lgb]{zg hf/L ug]{ . lh=lj=;=÷uf=lj=;=÷p=:jf=rf}=÷ljBfnox?df hfgsf/Ld'ns ;"rgf 6f+:g] Joj:yf ldnfpg] . ;]jfsf] ljt/0f k'Ug'kg]{ 7fp+;Dd jf:tljs ?kdf n vr{sf] cg'ug ug{ k|f/De ug] { f0f ug{ @* j6f ljBfnox? { . o;sf nflu k|yd r/0fdf ;j]I ;fj{hlgs ;|ft] s] slt k'Ug;Sof] eGg] af/]df 5gf]6 ug] { . ;]jfsf] pknAwtf jf pknlAw xf;Ln x'g;s]sf] cfwf/df vr{sf] pkof]lutfsf] vr{sf] cg'udg ug]{ . hfr ug]{ . ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f % If]q÷sfo{qmd k|ult -;g\ @))@ sf] cS6f]a/ #! ;Ddsf]_ ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/x?sf] If]q -ljB't,\ b"/;+rf/ / n g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f, g]kfn b"/;+rf/ ;+:yfg / g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfgx?sf af/] vfg]kfgL_ df vf;} pNn]vgLo ljsf; x'g g;s]sf] . ] a/sf] dWo ;Dddf k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug] ljZn]if0f ug{ 5'§f5'§} ;ldltx?sf] u7g . gf]eD {. v/Lb k|lqmofsf] hf+r ug]{ af/]sf] ;dLIff k|ltj]bg n {. ;L=kL=P=cf/ sfo{of]hgfnfO{ lg0ff{os :j?k k|bfg ug] -;L=kL=P=cf/_ sf k| d ' v l;kmfl/;x?sf] n ;+efljt ;+zf]wg tyf ;'wf/sf nflu ljQLo k|zf;gsf lgod ljlgodx?sf] ;dLIff, sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;doa4 sfo{of]hgf nfu' vf;u/L v/Lb ;DaGwL ljifox?sf] ;dLIff ug]{ . ug]{ . n cfGtl/s ;dLIffsf nflu v/Lb k|lqmof;DaGwL ljwo]ssf] d:of}bf tof/ kfl/Psf] . v/Lb k|lqmof;DaGwL tflnd sfo{qmdsf] 9frf tof/ kfl/Psf] . ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f dfu{lgb]{lzsfnfO{ nfu' ug]{ . n ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f dfu{lgb]l{ zsfsf] ljt/0f . sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'udgsf nflu d+qL:t/Lo ;ldltsf] u7g . lgDglnlvt dfu{lgb]l{ zsf adf]lhd lhDd]af/Lx? tf]Sg] . ' ljQLo hjfkmb]xLtf hfr -;L=Pkm=Pkm=P=_ sf k|dv n {. ;L=Pkm=Pkm=P= sfo{of]hgf nfu' u/L sfof{Gjog k|lqmofsf] yfngL ug] l;kmfl/;x?sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;doa4 n ljsf; sfo{of]hgf cg'udg ;ldltsf] u7g eO{ ;'wf/ sfo{qmd cg'udg ;ldltsf] sfo{of]hgf nfu' ug]{ . dftxtdf sfo{ ug]{ . n sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg ug{ pRr:t/Lo sfo{6f]nLsf] u7g . { f u/L To;sf] e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] /0fgLltsf] th"d n k/fdz{ k|lqmofsf dfWodaf6 th{d " f ul/g] e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] /0fgLltnfO{ d+qLkl/ifb\sf] {. sfof{Gjog ug] { . o;sf] cg'df]bg ePkl5 ;doa4 sfo{of]hgf th{d cg'df]bgsf nflu k|:t't ug] " f ug{ Ps ;ldlt -d'Vo ;lrasf] cWoIftfdf_ sf] u7g ul/g] . pk/f]Qm sfo{of]hgfsf] cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb|af6 ul/g] . n e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] /0fgLltdfM s_ /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf, v_ gful/s clwlgod, u_ ;]jfsf] ljt/0fsf] ;doa4 ;+oGq, 3_ hgr]tgf cleofg, ª_ a}s + sf C0f gltg]x{ ? sf/afxL, / dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] sfof{nosf] k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] { ?sf lj?4 sf/afxL ug]{ h:tf s'/fx? ;dfj]z x'g5 b'?kof]u ug]x ] g\ . & ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f kl/lzi6 b'O{ ;xfotf /0fgLltsf ;Gbe{df ;+rflnt k/fdz{qmd o; k|ult ljj/0fnfO{ tof/ kfg]{ qmddf uxg cEof; lyP . o;/L k/fdz{ ul/Psf pkef]Qm ;d'xx?df jg, ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf tyf ufpx?df ;]jf ljt/0fsf] art÷shf{ ;d'x, dlxnf ;d'x, e"ldlxg cflbsf ;fy} kIfdf s;/L ;'wf/ Nofpg ;lsG5 eGg] ;+efAotfsf] :yfgLo u}=;=;=x?, uf=lj=;= tyf lh=lj=;= sf k"j{ vf]hL ug{' pQm cEof;sf] p2]Zo /x]sf] lyof] . To;a]nf k|ltlglwx?, uf=lj=;= tyf lh=lj=;= df cGtl/d ;g\ @))@ sf] ;]K6]Da/lt/ g]kfndf c;d+h;k"0f{ Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;b:osf ?kdf tf]lsPsf lghfdtL cj:yf ljBdfg lyof] .! o;df xfn} ;dfKt ePsf] ] o'lgog sd{rf/Lx?, ljBfnosf lzIfsju{, ljBfyL{, 6«8 ;+s6sfnLg cj:yf / :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] :yugsf / Aofkf/Lju{ ;dfj]z lyP . ;Gbe{df ljb|fx] hGo kl/l:yltsf] c;/ / To;sf] lgbfgsf nflu ;/sf/L kIfsf] k|of;sf sf/0f sf7df8f}+ pkTosf klxnf] r/0fsf] :ynut e|d0f z'? ug{' cl3 sfo{;d'xsf aflx/sf hgtfdf ;]jfsf] ljt/0f, cfk"lt{ Joj:yfdf ;b:ox? Ps lbj;Lo tof/L sfo{zfnfdf ;xefuL ePsf k/]sf] k|efj / To:tf] kl/l:yltnfO{ hgtfn] s] s;/L lyP . o;/L :ynut e|d0fx?sf] aLrdf cfwf lbgsf wflg/x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] ;dLIff ug{' pk/f]Qm cEof;sf] nflu sf7df8f}+ kms]{/ cfcfkm\gf cg'ejx?sf] d'Vo Wo]o /x]sf] lyof] . o;sf nflu g]kfnL tyf u}/ cfbfgk|bfg u/L cfjZostfcg';f/ sfo{z}nLnfO{ g]kfnL cy{zf:qL tyf ;dfhzf:qLx?n] b'O{ xKtfeGbf kl/dflh{t u/]sf lyP . :ynut e|d0f ;dfKt ePkl5 a9L ;do nufP/ k/fdz{sf] k|lqmof ;+rfng u/]sf sfo{;d'xx?sf] lg0ff{os sfo{zfnf ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] . lyP . kxf8 tyf t/fO{ If]qsf lhNnfx?sf] k|ltlglwTj o;df pgLx?n] k|fKt u/]sf glthfx? k|:t't u/L x'g] u/L g]kfnsf kfrdWo] tLg If]qx?sf] :ynut 5nkmn ug{s ' f ;fy} To;;DaGwL ;+oQ ' m lgisz{ tyf e|d0f ug]{ u/L Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] lyof] . t/ s'g l;kmfl/;x? th{"df u/]sf lyP . k/fdz{qmdaf6 { f0fsf nflu rog ug]{ eGg] af/]df ;'/Iff If]qnfO{ ;j]I lg:s]sf d'Vo lgrf]8 tyf hfgsf/Lx? tn lbOPsf l:yltn] 7"nf] e"ldsf v]ns ] f] lyof] . k|To]s sfo{;d'xn] 5g\ . b'O{ k6s :ynut e|d0f u/]sf lyP . ;d'x sÚ n] df]/¨, ;'g;/L, wgs'6f / ?kGb]xL / ;d'x vÚ n] afs,] zf;gsf cfwf/x?df b]vfk/]sf] ;+s6 g} d'Vo ;d:ofsf] slkna:t', sf:sL, afun'¨ tyf :of¨hf lhNnfx?sf] ] tyf ;+s6sfnLg ?kdf kfOPsf] / dfcf]jfbL ljb|fx :ynut e|d0f u/]sf] lyof] . cj:yfn] Tof] ;d:ofnfO{ emg\ rsf{Psf] kfOPsf] . plNnlvt lhNnfsf ljleGg gu/ tyf ufpx?df tL n >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ;fwf/0ftof /fd|f] sfd ug{ ;d'xx?n] sltko pkef]Qmf ;d'xÚ x?;+u k/fdz{ u/]sf g;s]sf] hgtfn] dx;'; u/]sf 5g\ . /fli6«o :t/sf ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f ' /fhgLlt1x?nfO{ e|i6 7flgPsf] / ltg\nfO{ w]/n } ] n dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngsf] k|f/lDes cj:yfdf To;n] ljZjf; ug]{ gu/]sf] . c;n dfG5] /fhgLlt1 x'g ljkGgju{kl| t nlIft ljsf; sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ;dy{g g;Sg] .Ú u/]sf] cfd ljZjf; ul/P klg pgLx?n] s/Ú p7fpg] n :yfgLo lgsfox? hgtfnfO{ kl/rokq hf/L ug{, / ljsf;sf ultljlw Pj+ k"jf{wf/dfly ljWj+z ug{ gful/stfkq jf ljb]zdf sfd ug{ hfgsf nflu yfn]kl5 hgtfsf] k"jj { lt{ b[li6sf]0fdf qmlds ?kdf /fxbfgLkq lngsf lgldQ pkof]uL 7flgPsf . kl/jt{g cfpg yfn]sf] . :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] lj36gsf sf/0f o; k|sf/sf n clt ljkGgju{ ljsf;sf] d" n wf/af6 k[ y s ;]jfx?df cj/f]w b]vfk/]sf]n] gsf/fTds c;/ eO/x]sf . Pshgf :yfgLo clwsf/Lsf] egfO{ 5M k/]sf] . pgLx? -ljkGgju{_ xfdL;+u gcfPsf x'b f xfdLn] n :yfgLo txsf w]/} dflg;x? e|i6frf/nfO{ ;+:yfut pgLx?nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gf}+ / ul/Psf] k|an wf/0ff /fVb5g\ . o;sf] k|df0fsf xfdLnfO{ klg km';b{ 5}g .Ú ?kdf s_ lgDg u'0f:t/Lo ;]jfsf] lj/t/0f / v_ cglws[t ?kdf /sd vr{ ug]{ k|jl[ Q pgLx?n] u|fdL0f ;]jfx?df cj/f]w k'u]sf]M w]/}h;f] kxf8L cl3 ;f/]sf b'O6f d'Vo k|df0f x'g \. Onfsfsf ;]jfx?df Jojwfg k'us ] f], t/fO{df o;sf] n kf/bzL{tfsf] cefj . pbfx/0fsf nflu jflif{s cfo c;/ s]xL dfqfdf sd k/]sf] / :yfgLo lgsfosf Aoo ;DaGwL ;/sf/L /ftf] lstfaÚ jf lhNnf:t/Lo sfdsf/afxLx?df ca/f]w pTkGg ePsf] s'/f kfOPsf] . of]hgfx? ;DaGwL sfuhftx? kfpg g} uf¥xf] ePsf] . ;"rgf g} zlQmÚ eGg] b[li6sf]0f /flvP n dfcf] j fbL clwg:y If] q jf To;tkm{ hfg] klg zlQmdf /x]sfx? g} ;"rgfsf] cfbfgk|bfg af6f3f6fx?df ;]gfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sfn] To:tf ug{ cle?lr /fVb}gg\ . If]qdf cfk"lt{ x'g] ;/;fdfgdf ;]gfsf] ljz]if lgu/fgL n ;+ s 6sfnLg cj:yfsf] cGTo ePkl5 k| ] ; /x]sf] . vfBfGg kbfy{, ;nfO{+ / tof/L rfprfp :jtGqtfsf] k"ga{xfnL eP klg 8/sf sf/0f w]/} h:tf s]xL ;fdu|Lx? l;ldt kl/0ffddf cfk"lt{ x'g dflg;x? e]nf x'g jf cfkm\gf] b[li6sf]0f ;fj{hlgs lbOP klg vf; lsl;dsf] h'Qf, kmnfd] kfOk / ?kdf /fVg :jtGq gePsf] cg'e"lt ub{5g\ . ;s]6 cflb a:t'x? To:tf Onfsfx?df n}hfg ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf ;dodf w]/} kqsf/x? y'gfdf k|ltalGwt ul/Psf] . k/]sfn] >L % sf] ;/sf/ / :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ n /fhg}lts kl/l:ylt / ;'/Iff l:yltsf sf/0f :yfgLo ;ts{ /xg d2t k'¥ofpg] vf]h kqsf/Ltfdf lgsfodf ;dod} ah]6 -;fwf/0ftof ah]6 cS6f]a/ lzlyntf cfPsf] 5 . dlxgfleq k'Ug] u/]sf]_ k'Ug] s'/fdf cfz+sf /x]sf] . n lj:tfl/t ?kdf km}ns ] f pkef]Qmf ;d'xx? a9L n :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] kbfjwL ;dfKt x'ge ' Gbf cl3 ;xefuLtfd"ns x'gs ' f ;fy} ;]jfsf] ljt/0f ug{ g} cf=j= )# sf of]hgfx? to e};s]sf eP klg ;kmn b]lvPsf . t/ To:tf ;d'xx?df cem} klg lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/Lx?sf] cefjdf cf=j= )$ sf :yfgLo 6f7faf7fx?s} lg0ff{os e"ldsf /xg] ePsf]n] of]hgf k|lqmof s]s;/L ;+rfng ul/g] x'g\ k|i6 Tolt -;dfj]zd'vL x'g -ljkGgx?nfO{ ;d]6\g_ gePsf] . g;s]sf . n :yfgLo lgsfosf] sfdsf/afxL s]s;/L ug]{ xf] n o;}u/L la:tfl/t ePsf u}=;=;=x? ;fd'bf;oLs To;af/]df s'g} lgb]z { g glbOsg g} >L % sf] kl/rfng tyf ;zlQms/0fdf ;kmn ePsf kfOPsf] ;/sf/n] :yfgLo lgsfo la36g u/]sf] . t/ ;]jfsf] ljt/0fdf Tolt ;kmn ePsf gkfOPsf] . pgLx?n] clwsf+z /sd cfkm\g} nflu pkof]u ug]{ lgjf{rg -;g\ @))@ sf] gf]e]Da/df x'g] elgPsf]_ u/]sfn] ul/adWo] klg ;a}eGbf ljkGg ;d'xdf x'g;Sg] eP klg Tof] :jtGq / lgikIf ?kdf x'g] -blntju{;u + ;DalGwt s]xL u}=;=;=x?nfO{ 5f]8/ ]_ s'/fdf cfz+sf /x]sf] . To;}n] of] ;dodf x'g] /sd k|jflxt x'g g;s]sf] . lgjf{rgsf] j}wflgstfsf af/]df k|Zg v8f x'g;Sg] . n :yfgLo lgsfox?sf ultljlwx?df bftfx?sf] n ;'/Iff kmf}hn] cfjZos dfqfdf ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ ;dGjosf] cefj x'gs ' f ;fy} bftfx?n] u}=;=;= sl7gfO{ /x]sf] . pgLx?n] lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf x?df ug]{ ljQLo ;xfotfdf kf/bzL{sf] sdL /x]sf] . lgu/fgL /fv]sf t/ d"n ;8saf6 lx8]/ k'Ug ;j{;fwf/0fsf] b[li6df bftfx?n] ljkGgju{sf nflu Pslbg nfUg] OnfsfeGbf 6f9fsf If]qx?df To:tf] cfÎgf sfo{qmdx? nlIft gu/]sf] . g/x]sf] . ! ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f n w]/} r/0fx?df x'g] lgjf{rgsf] dtkqx? u0fgf ug]{ + fO{ nufpg] jf a:t'efp kfNg]tkm{ clek|l] /t x'g] ;f]r ;DaGwdf lrGtf /x]sf] kfOPsf] . g/x]sf] . cfly{s eljiosf nflu b"/b[i6Lsf] cefjM ' Gbf cl3 g} g]kfnsf] kl/l:ylt emg\ las/fn ;'wf/ x'ge n lhNnfsf clwsf/Lx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] lhNnfsf] cfly{s eP/ hfg] cfz+sf JofKt /x]sf] eP klg dflg;x?df Joj:yf s'g lbzflt/ uO/x]sf] 5 eGg] af/]df l:ylt ;'wn ]| f ls eGg] lemgf] cfzf eg] hLljt} /x]sf] :ki6 hfgsf/L gx'gs ' f ;fy} Aofj;foLs jftfj/0fsf] / b"/ufdL kl/jt{gsf ;+st ] x? b]vf kl//x]sf . l;h{gf s]s;/L ug]{ xf] eGg] af/] klg yfxf gePsf] . n w]/} dflg;x?df k|hftGqk|lt :jefljs cf:yf /x]sf] . n P;=Pn=;L= k/LIff plQ0f{ u/]/ xf];\ jf gu/Lsg} vf;u/L :yfgLo lgsfosf] r"gfj kl5 l:yltdf eP klg ljBfno 5f]8s ] fx? ufpdf v]tLkftL u/]/ ;'wf/ x'g;Sg] . jf glhs}sf] ahf/df ;fdfGo alga'tf] u/]/ a;]sf n pRr lzIffsf] Jofkstf / w]/h } ;f] afnaflnsfx?df 5g\ eg] tLdWo] sltko ef/t, dn]l;of cyjf afx\o ljZjsf af/] a9\bf] ;r]tgfsf sf/0f b'O{ vf8L b]zx?tkm{ cfk|af;df uO/x]sf 5g\ . + fO{df cGt/ b]vfkg{ yfln/x]sf] . k':tfaLr ;f]r n u|fdL0f If]qsf dflg;x?df cfkÎgf] cfjZostf n Jofks pkl:ylt ePsf pkef]Qmf / art ;d'xx?n] eGbf a9L lgoldt laqmLsf] p2]Zon] gub]afnL ;fd"lxs sfo{ tyf k/:k/ ;xof]usf nflu jftfj/0f agfpg'sf ;fy} hgtfdf ;fdflhs/fhg}lts / cfly{s hfu[lt NofO/x]sf . ! k|ltkmnx?sf] d"Nof+sg tyf l;+xfjnf]sg ubf{ k/fdz{qmdsf] ;do cyf{t ;g\ @))@ sf] ;]K6]Da/nfO{ Wofgdf /fVg' h?/L 5 . ljz]ifu/L To;a]nf ;+s6sfnsf] cj:yfsf] e/v/} cGTo ePsf] / cfd lgjf{rg gf]eD ] a/ dlxgfsf] dWolt/ x'g] ck]Iff /flvPsf] lyof] . of] l:yltdf :jefljs ?kdf kl/jt{g cfPsf] eP klg 7"nf ;d:ofx? k|ltlalDat k/fdz{qmdsf cWoogx? clxn] klg nfu' x'G5g\ . sf7df08f}+ pkTosf aflx/sf g]kfnL hgtfsf] kl/jlt{t cj:yfsf] cWoogsf nflu l:yltn] ;fy lbPdf g]kfndf sfo{/t a}s + sf] Joj:yfkg OsfO{n] eljiodf klg cfjlws ?kdf k/fdz{sf k|lqmofx? ;+rfng ub}h + fO{ /fv]sf] 5 . { fg] ;f]r ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f ! kl/lzi6 tLg ;xfotf /0fgLltsf dfkb08x? xf;Ln ug{df ePsf] k|ult cfwf/e"t txsf dfkb08x? k|ltkmn xf;Ln x'gdf ePsf] k|ult -cS6f]a/ !%, @))@ ;Ddsf]_ s'=u|f=p= df cfGtl/s /fhZjsf] of]ubfg !! k|ltzt n cf=j= )) df s'=u|f=p= df cfGtl/s /fhZjsf] of]ubfg !)=& k|ltzt ePsf] / cf=j= )! df jf ;f] eGbf dfly !!=$ k|ltzt x'g] cg'dfg . n cf=j= )@ df s'=u|f=p= df cfGtl/s /fhZjsf] of]ubfg !!=$ k|ltzt / cf=j= )# df !!=^ k|ltzt x'g] k|Io]k0f . d"=c=s= sf] ;Gtf]ifhgs sfof{Gjog n cf=j= ((cf=j= )! df d"=c=s= sf] a[l4 %# k|ltztn] ePsf] . n d"=c=s= sf k|lqmofx?nfO{ ;'b9[ ug{sf nflu ljw]os kf/Lt . n d"=c=s= df btf{ x'g] sfo{df -cf=j= (*cf=j= )! sf] cjlwdf_ ;g\ !((* sf] kmd{ ;+Vof $,(%( af6 ;g\ @))! df @!,&%* n] a9]/ ##( k|ltztsf] j[l4 xf;Ln ePsf] . n s/ ljefu / d"=c=s= ljefusf] Plss/0f eO{ cfGtl/s /fhZj ljefusf] u7g . n ;a} d"=c=s= sfof{nox?af6 h'g;'s} ;dosf] tTsfn tYof+s pknAw x'g;Sg] . cfGtl/s C0f s'=u|f=p= sf] @ k|ltzteGbf sddf n cfGtl/s C0f s'=u|f=p= sf] @ k|ltzteGbf a9L ePsf] . -cf=j= )) df !=% k|ltzt, cf=j= l;ldt )! df @=& k|ltzt / cf=j= )@ df #=@ k|ltzt x'g k'u]sf]_ ;fj{hlgs nufgL sfo{qmd cGtu{t kl/of]hgfx?sf] n ;g\ () sf] bzssf] dWolt/ &)) j6f kl/of]hgf sfod /x]sfdf ;f] ;+Vof cf=j= )@ df ;+Vofdf j[l4 gePsf] . ^@^ / cf=j= )# df $&) j6fdf l;ldt x'g k'u]sf] . # jif]{ /f]ln¨ -k'g/fj[t_ nufgL sfo{qmd / n g]=lj=d= @))@ sf] a}7sdf kfrj6f dGqfnosf dWod cjlwsf] vr{sf] ;+/rgf -d=c=v=;+=_ k|fyldstfk|fKt kl/of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx?df k"0f{ ;DaGwL d:of}bf k|:t't . afsL !^ j6f dGqfnosf] dWod cjlwsf] vr{sf] ;+/rgf d:of}bf ?ksf] ljQLo k|jfx . tof/ kfl/Psf] . n ] a/ dlxgfsf] dWolt/ clGtd :j?k k|fKt ug] d=c=v=;+= d:of}bfn] gf]eD {. ! ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f cfwf/e"t txsf dfkb08x? k|ltkmn xf;Ln x'gdf ePsf] k|ult -cS6f]a/ !%, @))@ ;Ddsf]_ tLgj6f ;+:yfgx?sf] lghLs/0f, lghLs/0fsf] n a'6jn kfj/ sDkgLsf] lghLs/0fsf nflu lghL ;d'xx?nfO{ cfdGq0f . k|lqmofdf ;'wf/ / b"/;+rf/sf If]qdf k|lt:kwf{sf] n lghL If]qsf ;]No"n/ kmf]g ;le{;sf] ;+rfngsf nflu af08ljysf] ljt/0f tyf lgwf{/0f . yfngL . n u|fdL0f b"/;+rf/sf nflu ;Demf}tf . n { 6f ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf ;+:yfgx? aGb ePsf . b'Oj n cy{ dGqfno cGtu{tsf] lghLs/0f O{sfO{n] yk kf"rj6f ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf ;+:yfgx?nfO{ lghLs/0fdf n}hfg] tof/L ul//x]sf] . + rgf tyf Toxfaf6 /f=jf=a}=÷g]=a}=ln= sf] k'g;{/ n cfO{=;L=;L= a}s + ckm :s6n}08n] ;g\ @))@ sf] h'nfO{ dlxgfsf] dWolt/ + -cfo/Nof08_÷a}s nufgL lemSg] tof/Lsf af/] . g]=a}=ln= sf] Joj:yfkg lhDdf lnPkl5 a}s+ nfO{ ultodfg agfpg yfn]sf] . n { s 5gf]6 eO{ lghn] ;g\ @))@ sf] cGTo /f=jf=a}= sf nflu ljb]zL d'Vo sfo{sf/L lgb]z ;Dddf sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg] . o:t} ;ftj6f cltl/Qm kbx?sf nflu cGt/f{li6"o :t/df lj1fkg eO{ ;g\ @))# sf] z'? ;Dddf egf{ u/L ;lsg] . ljsf; sfo{qmdx?sf] Joj:yfkgdf a9\bf] :yfgLo n ;g\ !((( df :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gsf] 3f]if0ff . ;xefuLtf;lxt ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf / :jfoQ zf;gdf n ;+;båf/f :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g ;DaGwL lgod / ljQLo lgodsf] cg'df]bg -;g\ @))@_ 7f]; ;'wf/ . n ljs]Gb|Ls/0f sfof{Gjog of]hgf cg'?k ljs]Gb|Ls/0f sfof{Gjog cg'udg ;ldltåf/f ^) j6f ;doa4 ljsf; sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu lgb]z { g . n cf=j= @))@ sf] ah]6df cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff, k|fylds :jf:Yo, s[lif k|;f/ / x'nfs ;]jfsf] l/6]n ljqmLsf sfo{x? :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ ;'lDkg] 3f]if0ff . n lhNnf:t/Lo of]hgfx? lhNnf txaf6} cg'df]bg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ pkfox? ckgfOg] . | ltdf ;'wf/ . pbfx/0fsf s]Gb|sf] k|zf;lgs sfo{ku n b'O{ hgf d+qLn] ;dofjlw gk'uL sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;?jf u/]sf sf/0f /fhLgfdf lbPsf . nflu ;?jf ;DaGwL lgodx?sf] s8fO{sf ;fy n s/f/df sd{rf/L lng] k|jl[ Q sfod} . kfngf . n @,!!# hgfn] cf=j= )! df :j]lR5s cjsf; lnPsf . n lghfdtL ;]jfsf] tnanfO{ sDKo'6Ls[t ug]{ sfo eO/x]sf] . n ljQLo dxflgoGqssf] sfof{non] /f=of]=cf= / cy{ dGqfnodf rf}dfl;s vr{ k|ltj]bg k7fO/x]sf] . n cf=j= )@ sf] cGTo ;Dddf ljQLo dxflgoGqssf] sfof{no;+u $% j6f lhNnf cfj4 e};Sg] . o;af6 /fhZjtkm{ (( k|ltzt / vr{tkm{ (# k|ltzt If]q cf]ul6g] . e|i6frf/ 36fpg] gof pkfox? n /fhgLlt1 tyf sd{rf/Lx?n] cglws[t ?kdf hDdf kf/]sf] ;DklQsf] 5fgjLg ug{ pRr:t/Lo GofoLs ;DklQ 5fgjLg cfof]u u7g ePsf] . n >L % sf] ;/sf/n] c=b'=lg=cf= nfO{ GofoLs clwsf/x?;d]t k|bfg ug]{ tkm{ ;f]rfO{+ /fv]sf] . n e|i6frf/ ;DaGwL d'2fx? x]g{ ljz]if cbfntsf] u7g . n c=b'=lg=cf= n] c;fdfGo ?kdf ;DklQ hDdf kfg]{ cy{ dGqfnosf @@ hgf sd{rf/L, /fli6«o ljdfg;]jfsf sfo{sf/L lgb]z { s / ef}lts of]hgf dGqfnosf ;x;lrjsf lj?4 sf/afxL yfn]sf] . n c=b'=lg=cf= e|i6frf/sf] cfz+sfdf % hgf k"jd + Lx?dfly cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf], h;dWo] @ { q hgf lx/f;tdf /x]sf . ;xfotf /0fgLlt ;DaGwL sfo{qmlds tflnsf ut ;xfotf /0fgLltkl5 kl/jlt{t :j?k | ltsf] dfkb08 sfo{ku ;d:of /0fgLlt ;dli6ut cfO=8L=P= sf] ;xfotf ;+oGq tyf k|ult÷jt{dfg l:ylt k|fKt k|of;x? cGo bftfx? ;fj{hlgs vr{ k|fyldsLs/0f / #jif]{ vr{sf] /f]ln¨ ;s]Gb|Lt nufgL sfo{qmdx? ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] d=c=v=;+= tof/ kfg]{ sfo{df /fd|f] k|ult xf;Ln lkmtnf] k|fyldsLs/0f / ;fj{hlgs sf]ifsf] -k'g/fj[t_ of]hgf / ;s]Gb|Lt rog ug{sf nflu ts{;u + t k'g/fjnf]sg -;f=v=k'=_, eO{ g]=lj=d+= @))@ sf] a}7sdf ;d]t k|:t't ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ kl/of]hgf÷ sfo{qmdx?df k"j{zt{sf] lgwf{/0f, ;s]Gb|Lt d=c=v=;+=, kL=cf =o;=kL= ePsf] . tTsfnLg sfo{of]hgf -t=sf=of]=_ sf] Joj:yfkg . k"/f /sd k|jfx ug]{ sfo{sf] nufgL / k'g/fj[t vr{sf ;do;fl/0fL cg';f/ cf=j= @))# sf] ah]6df k|fyldstfk|fKt yfngL . ;fj{hlgs nufgL nflu k|fyldstfk|fKt ljQLo d=c=v=;+= nfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf ;dflxt ug]{ sfo{ kl/of]hgf÷sfo{qmd x?df sfo{qmd -kL=cfO{=kL=_ df ;|f]t ;'lglZrt ug]{ . 8L=Pkm=cfO{=8L= -;+=c=_ e}/x]sf] . cfjZostfeGbf Go"g kl/of]hgfx?sf] ;+Vof ljQLo k|jfx . s6f}lt . ah]6 aflx/ vr{ ug]{ k|jl[ Qsf] cGTo . :jf:Yo÷kl/af/ lgof]hg cTofjZos ;g\ @))$ ;Dddf lzz' dft[ tyf lzz' :jf:Yo u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL ;g\ @))! ;Dddf lzz' d[To'b/ ^$ df 36]sf], pRr afnd[To' b/ :jf:Yo÷kl/af/ lgof]hg d[To'b/nfO{ xhf/df ^) sfo{stf{x?nfO{ /fd|f] kl/of]hgf, ;+efJo :jf:Yo k|hgg\ b/ $=! df 36]sf], ue{lg/f]ws ;fwgsf] -xhf/df &%_, ue{lg/f]ws ;]jf / :jR5 vfg]kfgL hgfdf cf]/fNg], k|hhg ;'kl/j]If0f, tflnd / j[lQ If]q kl/of]hgf k|of]u #(% k'u]sf], dflg;sf] cfo" %( jif{ ;fwgsf] sd k|of]u ;fj{hlgs÷lghL÷;fd'bfoLs b/nfO{ $=@ df emfg]{, :jR5 ljsf;sf] Joj:yf, ;g\ k'u]sf] 5 . pk/f]Qm tYof+sx? cf};t tYof+s -#)%_, pRr k|hhg b/ ;+3;+:yfx? dfkm{t !%% n] vfg]kfgLdf kx'r @))$ ;Dddf ue{ lg/f]ws 8An'=Pr=cf]=, o'lg;]km, ePsf]n] oLgaf6 cToflws c:j:Yos/ :jf:Yo -k|lt dlxnf $=^ lzz'_, pknAw u/fpg] . j[l4 ug]{ . ;fwgx?sf] k|of]u #^ % o'=og=Pkm=kL=P=, l:yltsf] emNsf] lbb}g . :jf:Yo ;DaGwL 5f]6f] cfo" -%% jif{_, cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo k'¥ofpg], ;g\ @))@ sf] o'=og=8L=kL=, o'=o;=P8=, kl/;"rsx? cGo blIf0f Pl;ofnL b]zx?sf] eGbf :jR5 vfg]kfgLdf Go"g ;]jfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] . dfr{ dlxgf ;Dddf ()) o'=s]=, o'/f]kLo o'lgog, w]/} k5fl8 /x]sf] . t=sf=of]= adf]lhd pk:jf:Yo kx'r -$$% _ h:t}, k|fylds :jf:Yo j6f pkef]Qmf ;d'xx?n] hfkfg, gj]{, hd{gL, ef/t, rf}sL -p=:jf=rf}=_ x? ;d'bfonfO{ ;'lDkg] s]Gb|÷:jf:Yo u|fdL0f vfg]kfg: of]hgf rLg, :jL6\h/Nof08, sfo{df k|ult eO/x]sf] . :jf:Yo d+qfnon] gof rf}sL÷pk:jf:Yo ;+rfng ug] {. c=u}=;=;= x? :jf:Yo If]q ;'wf/ /0fgLltsf] ljsf; ul//x]sf] . rf}sL÷:jf:Yo s]Gb| . o;af6 :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/nfO{ Go"gtd\ cTofjZosLo dfGo :t/df ljsl;t u/L cTofjZosLo lg/f]wfTds tyf :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] k|Tofe"lt u/fO{ To;df kx'r pkrf/fTds :jf:Yo clej[l4 ug]{ / ;xsfo{nfO{ k|j4{g ug{ ;]jfx? ;+rfng ug{ k|efjsf/L :jf:Yo k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; x'g5 ] . o; ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f lhNnf :jf:Yo /0fgLltnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu Ps sfof{nox?sf] ;+:yfut sfo{6f]nLn] sfof{Gjogsf] of]hgf th{d " f ul//x]sf] Ifdtf j[l4sf ;fy} yk 5, h;nfO{ cf=j= )$ sf] jflif{s :jf:Yo clwsf/ k|bfg ug] {. of]hgfdf ;dflxt ul/g]5 . !! !" ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f | ltsf] dfkb08 sfo{ku ;d:of /0fgLlt ;dli6ut cfO=8L=P= sf] ;xfotf ;+oGq tyf k|ult÷jt{dfg l:ylt k|fKt k|of;x? cGo bftfx? lzIff lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ ;g\ @))$ ;DddfM ;g\ @))$ ;DddfM v'b cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds cf=k|f=lz=k= bf]>f] n] sltko If]qdf ;fdfGo ^ jif{ pd]/eGbf dflysf a9fpg'sf ;fy} To;df k|fylds z}lIfs rqm k"/f egf{b/ ^*% af6 *)% lzIff -bf]>f]_ ?kdf k|ult ul//x]sf] . k|fylds z}lIfs rqm k"/f sd]/ ;d'xsf] ;fIf/tf vf;u/L aflnsf tyf ug]s{ f] ;+Vof $!% af6 k'¥ofpg] . ;fIf/tf k|ltzt ug]{ b/df j[l4 eO{ %$% k'u]sf] / aflnsfx?sf] $*% /x]sf] . dlxnfx?sf] kx'r " a9fP/ &)% k'¥ofpg] . $*% af6 a9fP/ %%% &$% ;lxt v'b egf{b/ *)% k'us ] f] . sIff # ljBfnox?df afnsx?sf] clej[l4 ug] { . ;+ej k|fylds lzIff xf;Ln ug]{ { . k|To]s lhNnfdf kfg] / % sf ljBfyL{x?sf] l;Sg] Ifdtfdf ldl>t egf{b/ *)% /x]sf] 5 eP;Dd df"u-k|l] /t pd]/nfO{ !!=* jif{af6 aflnsfx? tyf ;'ljwfljlxg ?kdf k|ult ePsf] . ^ jif{ pd]/eGbf dflysf eg] aflnsfx?sf] egf{b/ Jofj;foLs lzIffsf] 36fP/ (=% jif{ agfpg] . afnaflnsfx?sf] s'n pd]/ ;d'xsf] ;fIf/tf %*% k'u]sf] . sIff $ / s]jn %*% /x]sf 5 . yfngL ug] {. k|To]s ljBfnodf slDtdf egf{b/ !))% kfg] { . sIff # P=8L=aL=, o'lg;]km, gf]/f8, % sf ljBfyL{x?sf] plQ0f{b/ a9]/ qmdzM *@% z}lIfs u'0f:t/ Go"g { gx?sf] ;Dk|i lgb]z ] f0fdf Pshgf lzlIfsf -dlxnf_ / % ;Ddsf] cf};t k|fKtf+s o'=s], 8]gdfs{, hfkfg / &^% ePsf] . /fi6«JofkL sfo{qmdnfO{ x'g'sf ;fy} sIff ;'wf/ ug]{ . z}lIfs /xg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] . %)% af6 &) % k'¥ofpg] . ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfn] k|lts"n c;/ kfg{ bf]x¥ofpg]x?sf] k|ltzt ;'ljwfx?df ;'wf/ ug]{ / lzlIfsfx?sf] ;+Vof o:t} sIff $ / % sf] plt0f{ ;SYof] . ;d'bfox?nfO{ k|fylds ljBfnox? pRr /x]sf] . z}lIfs u'0f:t/ sfod ;dli6ut ?kdf !(% af6 ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+Vof &)% x:tfGt/0f ug]{ sfo{df sf/ssf ?kdf /x]sf] /fVg ;lsg] ePdf pRr a9fP/ #)% k'¥ofpg] . af6 j[l4 u/L *)% tTsfnLg sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf /fd|f] b/df egf{ lng] . k'¥ofpg] . k|ult xf;Ln ePsf] . u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/ s[lif pTkfbgdf j[l4 . xfnsf] #% s[lif Pg=cfO{=o;=kL= nfu' ePsf l;+rfO / cg';Gwfg÷k|;f/ cfh;Dddf nlIft p2]Zodf *%% k|ult s[lif pTkfbg blIf0f k|fs[lts ;|f]tx?sf] bLuf] pTkfbgnfO{ a9fP/ jflif{s lhNnfx?df jif}{ e/L kl/of]hgfx?, u|fdL0f xf;Ln ePsf] . af"sL !%% nIo cfufdL b'O{ Pl;ofd} ;a}eGbf sd Joj:yfkg ;'lglZrt %% ug]{ . ;g\ wfg, ux' / $),))) x]S6/ s[lifof]Uo vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ kl/of]hgf, jif{df xf;Ln x'g] / gof sfo{qmd Pj+ /x]sf] . jif}{ e/L l;+rfO ub}{ s[lif /f]huf/Lsf ds}sf] xfnsf] qmdzM k|lt e"ld l;+rfO ;'ljwf k|:tfljt kL=P=okm= ;+oGqx?sf] ljsf; ul/g] . cfO{=8L=P= n] /sdsf] x'g] s[lifof]Uo e"ld @)% dfWodaf6 ul/aL x]S6/ @=#, !=$ / !=& k'¥ofpg] . pTkfbg a9fpg Pn=cfO{=Pn, t/fO{ ljsNk cefjdf geO{ gLltut jftfj/0f pko'Qm dfq /x]sf] . pRr b/sf] 36fpg] . 6gnfO{ @))$ ;Dddf 7fp cg'?k s[lif k|ljlwsf] cWoog, ;f=v=k'= lsl;dsf] gkfPsf]n] h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f u|fdL0f cw{ a]/f]huf/L . !%% n] j[l4 ug]{ . ljsf; ug] { . nlIftju{ tyf jg ljsf; sfo{qmddf ljQLo k|jfx ug{ :yfgLo ?kdf jg ljgf; ;xefuLtf j[l4 . ;g\ :ylut u/]sf] . / h}ljs x«f; . @))$ ;Dddf k|;f/ P=8L=aL=, o'=s]=, Pkm=P=cf]=, sfo{stf{x?sf] lkmN8df o'=o;=P8= hfkfg, sfo{lbg / ls;fgx?sf cfOkmf8, cfk]s sf]if, nflu ;+rfng z}lIfs sIff s'j]tL sf]if, :jL8]g, @)% n] a9fpg] . h}ljs hd{gL, :jL6\h/Nof08, ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu ci6"]lnof, 8]gdfs{, bLuf] lsl;dsf] ljQLo lkmgNof08, ;fpbL sf]if, ;+oGq v8f ug]{ . c=u}=;=;= x? | ltsf] dfkb08 sfo{ku ;d:of /0fgLlt ;dli6ut cfO=8L=P= sf] ;xfotf ;+oGq tyf k|ult÷jt{dfg l:ylt k|fKt k|of;x? cGo bftfx? k"jf{wf/ ;8s dd{t;+ef/ tyf ;8sx?sf] k|fyldstfk|fKt #)) ls=dL= ;xfos u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/ **% /fli6«o :t/sf ;8sx? /fd|f] jf ;fdfGo ;8ssf] 3gTj Go"g k'g:yf{kg sfo{df ;'wf/ nufgL of]hgf adf]lhd dfu{sf] lgdf{0f . lh=lj=;= Pn=cfO{=Pn, ;8s dd{t cj:yfdf /x]sf . cfO{=8L=P= sf] shf{df !(& /x]sf] -)=! ls=dL= k|lt ug]{ . cfjZostf k'g/fj[t vr{ tyf k"h+ Lut x?n] lhNnfsf &)) ls=dL= tyf ljsf; kl/of]hgf, ls=dL= ;xfos dfu{x?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ of]hgf ju{ ls=dL=_ . sl7g cg';f/ sd vlr{nf] vr{ aLr ;Gt'ng ;8sx? tyf cGo u|fdL0f ] oLo kf/afxg ax'2Z ePsf]df ^% ls=dL= dfq lgdf{0f ePsf] / afsL e"agf]6sf ;fy} >dd'ns ;8snufot ldnfpg] . /fli6«o dxTjsf k"jf{wf/x?sf] Joj:yfkg, kl/of]hgf ;'/Iff l:yltsf sf/0f aGg g;s]sf] . lhNnf dd{t;+ef/sf] ckof{Kt gof k"jf{wf/df nufgL . %^% ;8s k|0ffnL /fd|f] jf dd{t;+ef/ tyf :t/f]Gglt ;8s Joj:yfkgsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 eO{ * j6f Joj:yfaf6 ;d:of vfg]kfgLsf] kl/df0f tyf dWod :t/sf ePsf] . ug]{ . ;g\ @))% ;Dddf * lhNnfdf %)) ls=dL= ;8sx?sf] lgoldt l;h{gf ePsf] . u'0f:t/df j[l4 . lhNnf ;8sx?sf] lgdf{0fdf j6f lhNnfdf lhNnfåf/f dd{t;+ef/ ePsf] . #$) ls=dL= u|fdL0f sf7df8f}+sf] zx/L >dd'ns k|ljlw ckgfpg] . Jojl:yt dd{t;+ef/sf] ;8sx?sf] k'g:yf{kg ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df @@^ vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{sf] ah]6 Joj:yf cg';f/ a9\bf] bLuf] Joj:yf . sf7df8f}+sf] ls=dL= k'g:yf{lkt ePsf] . # j6f ;'Vvf Joj:yfkgdf lkmtnf]kgf k|ltkmn xf;Ln ug]{ . 9n vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yfkg cfGtl/s sG6]g/ l8kf] lgdf{0f eO{ @ j6f /x]sf] . sf7df8f}+ lgsf; k|0ffnLdf !)% n] lghL If]qaf6 ug]{ . ;g\ 6dL{gn lghL If]qnfO{ ef8fdf lbOPsf] . pkTosfdf 9n k|0ffnL / j[l4 . v]/ hfg] kfgLsf] @))$ ;Dddf sf7df8f}+ vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{sf] kl/df0fnfO{ #%% af6 pkTosfsf] vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ ckof{Kt Joj:yf . @%% df emfg]{ . ^) s/f]8 So'ljs ld6/ / P=8L=aL=, o'=s], :jL8]g, pkTosf aflx/ $) s/f]8 hfkfg, ef/t, rLg, hd{gL So'ljs ld6/ k'¥ofpg] . u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ If]qut ;+u7gx?sf] s]Gb|sf] ;]jfsf] ljt/0fdf #,($,))) hgf dflg;nfO{ u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL km08 af]8{sf] dfuk|]l/t tyf ;xefuLtfd'ns cfk"lt{k|l] /t u|fdL0f e"ldsfsf] k'gAof{Vof . k|ToIftM l;ldt e"ldsf . ;]jf k'¥ofpg] ()) j6f kl/of]hgfx? lg0f{ok|lqmofaf6 /fd|f] k|ltkm xft nfu]sf]M vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ tyf dfuk|l] /t cjwf/0ff dfuk|l] /t cjwf/0ff tyf of]hgfx? ;DkGg ug]{ . ;d'bfox?sf] ;zlQms/0f, ;d'bfosf] of]ubfgsf ;/;kmfO{ kl/of]hgf bLuf] tyf ;xefuLtfd'ns ;xefuLtfd'ns lg0f{o ;d'bfox?nfO{ k|0ffnLx?sf] af/]df 7f]; gLlt cjnDjg, ljsf;df ;+nUg ?kdf ;]jf k|bfg ug{ lg0f{ok|lqmofsf k|lqmofsf dfWodaf6 u|fdL0f Joj:yfkg, ;+rfng tyf P=8L=aL=, x]lNe6f;, ljleGg kfqx? aLr ;"rgfsf] cfbfgk|bfg tyf lakmn ePsf] . o;sf dfWodaf6 u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ dd{t;+ef/ ug{ ;Ifd 8L=Pkm=cfO{=8L=, jf6/ P8, ;dGjo kf/bzL{ tyf v'nf ?kdf x'g ygn]sf] . d'Vo s'/fx?dfM s_ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjog . t'NofOg] . 8An'=Pr=cf]=, o'lg;]km, ;/sf/n] km08 af]8{nfO{ P]g dfkm{t :yfoL :j?k ;+:yfut e"ldsf / of]hgfx?sf] bftfx? aLr ;dGjodf /]8qm; k|bfg u/]sf] . lhDd]af/L af/]df sfof{Gjog . ;+rfng ;'wf/ . If]qut cg'udg c:ki6tf, v_ ljleGg tyf dd{t;+ef/sf sfo{ tyf d'Nof+sg OsfO{x?sf] bftfx?n] cfcfÎg} k"0f{t ;d'bfosf] u7gsf ;fy} sfo{ku | ltdf tl/sfn] sfd u/]sf, u_ lhDdfdf /xg] . cfwfl/t ah]6 k|0ffnLsf] ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f cg'udg tyf yfngL . sfo{k|ultd'vL ah]6sf] cefj / 3_ 7f]; If]qut gLltsf] cefj . !# !$ ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f | ltsf] dfkb08 sfo{ku ;d:of /0fgLlt ;dli6ut cfO=8L=P= sf] ;xfotf ;+oGq tyf k|ult÷jt{dfg l:ylt k|fKt k|of;x? cGo bftfx? ljQLo If]q ljQLo If]qsf] u|fdL0f a}+ls¨nufot ;3g + af6 nufgL /f=jf=a}= ljQLo If]q cWoog, pNn]vgLo k|ult xf;Ln ePsf] . k|:tfljt s]Gb|Lo a}+ssf] lgofdg k|efjsf/Ltf / ?ksf] ljQLo If]q ;'wf/ lemSg] . lgl:s[o ;DklQnfO{ ljQLo If]q 6L=P= Pkm=o;=6L=P= kl/of]hgfn] lgDg of]ubfg Ifdtf sdhf]/ . c;lhnf l:y/tfdf ;'wf/ . sfo{qmdsf] yfngL . !)8 df emfg]{ . 3f6fdf kl/of]hgf k'¥ofpg]M s_ /f=jf=a}=+ sf] ;'b9[ Ls/0f -vf;u/L ;/sf/L sfof{b]zx? . cGt/f{li6"o dfkb08 / uPsf zfvfx?sf] ;+Vofdf a}+ssf] ;'k/Lj]If0f tyf n]vf /fVg] tl/sfdf_, v_ ;/sf/L :jfldTj Aojxf/ cg';f/ n]vf s6f}lt . k|dv + x?sf] ' a}s cfO{=Pd=Pkm=, Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL lj1 sfo{ ;d'xaf6 ck|efjsf/L a}s + x?sf] tyf n]vfk/LIf0fdf cfGtl/s Joj:yfkgdf 8L=Pkm=cfO{=8L=, P=8L=aL=, + x?sf] b}lgs sfo{ ;+rfng u/L b'O6f 7"nf a}s a}ls¨ k|0ffnL dfly rfk ;'wf/ . ;'wf/ ug]{ . o'=o;=P8=, hd{gL, 8]gdfs{ a}s + / g]=a}=ln=_ df ;'wf/, / u_ + x? -/f=jf=a}= k/]sf] . ljQLo jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/ -sfg"gL, Ifdtf clej[l4 / shf{ ;"rgf_ u|fdL0f If]qsf #,()) b"/;+rf/ If]q ;'wf/ ;g\ !((( df If]qut pbf/Ls/0fdf s]Gb|Lt b"/;+rf/ u|fdL0f 6]lnkmf]g uf=lj=;= x?df 6]lnkmf]g b"/;+rf/ lgofds Ifdtfsf] kl/of]hgf /x]sf] /fli6"o b"/;+rf/ gLlt ckgfPsf] . d"No u|fdL0f If]qdf Go"g h8fgdf j[l4 . kof{Kt h8fg . kof{Kt cGt/h8fg [ Ls/0f . g]=b"=;+= nfO{ ;'b9 clej[l4 ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ sfo{df ^% j6f gof" dfqfdf dfq} 6]lnkmf]g cGt/h8fg ;'ljwf . ;'ljwf . g]=b"=;+= ;+u lghLs/0fsf nflu tof/ k|bfosx?sf] ;+nUgtf . ;g\ @))! sf] dfr{ h8fg . lghL If]qsf] g]=b"=;+= ;+u k|lt:kwf{ k|lt:kwf{ ug{ csf]{ kfg]{ . ;]No'n/ tyf cGo 8]gdfs{, lkmgNof08, dlxgfdf lghL If]qsf] k|bfosnfO{ ;]No'n/ ;]jf ;xefuLtf / k|lt:kwf{sf] ug{ csf]{ k|bfosnfO{ k|bfosnfO{ Ohfht lbg] . ljz]if ;]jfx? k|bfg ug{ hfkfg k|bfg ug{ :jLs[lt lbOPsf] . o:t} ;g\ @))! sf] cefj . Ohfht lbg'sf ;fy} ;g\ @))@ ;Dddf k|lt lghL If]qsf k|bfosx?nfO{ d] dlxgfdf cfwf/e"t ;]jf k|bfg ug{sf nflu b"/;+rf/sf If]qdf lghL xhf/ nfOgsf nflu sfo{/t Ohfht lbg] . ljQLo csf]{ Ps /fli6«o k|bfosnfO{ Ohfht lbOPsf] . If]q aLr k|lt:kwf{sf] @% hgf sd{rf/LnfO{ :6]6d]06 ;dod} k|:t't ug]{ g]=b"=;+= n] ;g\ @))! sf] hgj/L dlxgfdf Ps yfngL . 36fP/ Tof] ;+Vof !% sfo{nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug] {. lghL k|bfosnfO{ ;+rfng cg'dlt k|bfg u/]sf] . hgfdf l;ldt ug]{ . ;g\ @))$ ;Dddf ljB't\ ljB't\ ljsf; kl/of]hgf ;g\ @))@ df ljb't\ pTkfbg %%* d]=jf= eO{ ljB't cfGtl/s ljB't pTkfbg Ifdtf %%) d]=jf= lghL If]qaf6 @)) d]=jf= j[l4 ePsf] . lghL If]qsf] ;xefuLtf a9fpg ljB't ;]jfdf Go"g kx'r cfk"lt{df j[l4 / ;+ej k'¥ofpg] . u|fdL0f h8fg ljB't\ pTkfbg ug{ ;g\ @))! df hnljB't\ ljsf; gLltdf -#$% /fli6«o cf};tsf] eP;Dd lghL If]qnfO{ %),))) k'¥ofpg] . phf{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf axg . ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] . s]xL u}/u|fdL0f If]qdf ;d]t t'ngfdf hg;+Vofsf] lgof{tsf nflu ;'ljwf ;+/If0f pkfox? lgwf{/0f $@) ;ls{6 ls=dL= kfj/ &% lhNnfdf !,(),))) gof h8fg ul/Psf] . !%% sf] dfq kx'r k'¥ofOg] . ug]{ . lghL If]qsf] nufgLsf 6"fG;ld;g / @,*)) P=8L=aL=, o'=o;=P8=, o;af6 ljB't\ ;]jfdf kx'r x'g] hg;+Vofdf ePsf]_ . hnljB't\ lgof{t nflu ;':ki6 ;+/rgf tof/ ls=dL= ljt/0f nfOgsf] o'=Pg=8L=kL=, hfkfg, ;fdfGo j[l4 eO{ s'n hg;+Vofsf] !*8 k'u]sf] . ug]{ ckf/ ;+efJotf . {. kfg] lgdf{0f . lkmgNof08, hd{gL, cfO{=8L=P= sf] of]hgf cg';f/ sl/a %) d]=jf= Sofgf8f, gj]{ ljB't\ pTkfbg, u|fdL0f If]qdf #),))) h8fg / !@) ;ls{6 ls=dL= kfj/ 6«fG;ld;g lghL If]qaf6 ;DkGg x'g ]. ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f !% g]kfnM d'Vo cfly{s tyf sfo{qmlds kl/;"rsx¿ ut ;xfotf /0fgLlt kl5 !)÷#!÷@))@ ;Ddsf] kl/jlt{t :j?k ' fg ut ;xfotf /0fgLltsf] k"jf{gd oyfy{ ' fg rfn' ;xfotf /0fgLltsf] k"jf{gd cy{tGq cfj(( cfj)) cfj)! cfj)@ cfj)) cfj)!** cfj)@** cfj)# cfj)$ j[l4b/ k|ltzt s"=u|f=p 4.2 4.5 4.7 5.0 6.2 4.8 0.8 3.8 5.5 a:t'ut lgof{t -Pkm\= cf]= la=_* 14.3 12.6 13.5 14.0 27.3 -3.0 -19.1 2.6 6.9 a:t'ut cfoft -l;=cfO{=Pkm=_* 4.7 6.8 7.9 7.9 23.3 3.5 -9.5 6.4 7.0 d"No l:kmlt -s"=u|f=p= k|ltzt_ 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 4.4 3.1 3.5 4.3 4.5 /fli6«o art -s"=u|f=p=sf] k|ltzt_ rfn' vftf ;Gt'ng -6.9 -6.2 -5.9 -6.4 0.5 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.0 s"n nufgL 19.5 20.2 20.6 21.2 24.2 24.3 23.6 25.4 26.0 ;fj{hlgs ljQ -s"=u|f=p=sf] k|ltzt_ ljQLo ;Gt'ng -7.8 -8.1 -8.1 -7.8 -5.0 -6.2 -6.0 -6.0 -5.6 a}bl] zs ;xfotf 7.3 6.6 6.1 5.8 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.6 4.5 | ;+lrlt cGt/f{li6«o d'bf 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.9 8.0 7.8 7.7 -cfoft wfGg ;Sg] dlxgf_ sfo{qmd cfj(( cfj)) cfj)! cfj)@ cfj)) cfj)!*** cfj)@ *** cfj)# cfj)$ shf{ -!) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/df_ 120.0 240.0 40.0 .. 54.5 0.0 22.6 112.0 60.0 s"n nufgL .. .. .. .. 46.1 47.3 42.7 45.0 70.0 -!) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/df_ * a[l4b/ cd]l/sL 8n/sf] d"Nodf ** cg'dflgt *** oyfy{ !& ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f g]kfnM Ps emns blIf0f Go"g ul/jL / ;fdlhs IF]q g]kfn Pl;of cfDbfgL @))! hg;+Vof, dWo jif{ -!) nfvdf_ 23.6 1,380 2,511 ljsf; s"n /fli6«o ;"rsf+s k|ltAolQm -P6nf;, cd]l/sL 8n/df_ 250 450 430 s"n /fli6«o ;"rsf+s -P6nf;, Ps cj{ cd]l/sL 8n/df_ 5.8 616 1,069 cf};t jflif{s j[l4, !((%)! hg;+Vof -k|ltzt_ 2.4 1.9 1.9 >dzlQm -k|ltzt_ 2.5 2.4 2.3 gljgtd cg'dfg -pknAw kl5Nnf] jif{,!((%)!_ ul/aL -ul/aLsf] /]vfd'gL /x]sf] k|ltzt hg;+Vof_ 42 .. .. zx/L hg;+Vof -s"n hg;+Vofsf] k|ltzt_ 12 28 31 cfo" -jif{_ 59 62 59 lzz' d[To'b/ -k|lt Ps xhf/ hGddf_ 74 73 76 afn s'kf]if0f -% jif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf] k|ltzt_ 47 49 .. ] df kx'r vfg]kfgLsf] ;|ft -hg;+Vofsf] k|ltzt_ 81 87 76 lg/If/tf -!% jif{ pd]/ ;d'x dflysf] hg;+Vofsf] k|ltzt_ 57 44 37 s"n k|fylds egf{b/ -:s"n hfg] pd]/ ;d'xsf] hg;+Vofsf] k|ltzt_ 126 101 96 k'?if 140 109 103 dlxnf 112 93 88 [Q d"Vo cfly{s cg'kft / bL3{sfnLg k|jl 1981 1991 2000 2001 s"=u|f=p= -Ps cj{ cd]l/sL 8n/df_ 2.3 3.9 5.5 5.6 s"n cfGtl/s nufgL÷s"=u|f=p= 17.6 20.8 24.2 24.3 cfly{s cg'kftx? a:t' tyf ;]jfsf] lgof{t÷s"=u|f=p= 12.9 11.8 23.3 22.4 s"n u|fx{:Yo art÷s"=u|f=p= 10.9 9.6 15.0 14.7 s"n /fli6«o art÷s"=u|f=p= .. .. 24.7 25.4 rfn' vftf ;Gt'ng÷s"=u|f=p=a/ -2.3 -7.5 2.1 2.8 Aofh e'QmfgL÷s"=u|f=p= 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.5 s"n C0f÷s"=u|f=p= 12.2 45.7 51.5 48.5 s"n C0f df]rg÷lgof{t 3.3 11.1 5.6 4.9 C0fsf] jt{dfg d"No÷s"=u|f=p= .. .. 28.4 .. C0fsf] jt{dfg d"No÷lgof{t .. .. 87.3 .. 1981-91 1991-01 2000 2001 2001-05 cf};t jflif{s j[l4 s"=u|f=p= 4.7 4.9 6.2 4.8 4.1 k|ltAolQm s"=u|f=p= 2.4 2.4 3.7 2.4 1.8 cy{tGqsf] ;+/rgf 1981 1991 2000 2001 -s"=u|f=p=sf] k|ltzt_ nufgL tyf s"=u|f=p=sf] j[l4 -k|ltzt_ s[lif 60.9 48.6 40.7 39.1 pBf]u 12.4 17.9 22.1 22.0 pTkfbg 4.1 6.9 9.4 9.3 ;]jf 26.7 33.5 37.2 38.9 lghL pkef]u 82.1 81.2 75.9 75.4 ;/sf/L pkef]u 7.0 9.2 9.1 10.0 a:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfoft 19.6 23.1 32.4 32.0 1981-91 1991-01 2000 2001 cf};t jflif{s j[l4b/ s[lif 3.8 2.8 4.9 4.3 pBf]u 8.7 6.4 8.7 2.5 pTkfbg 9.2 7.4 7.2 3.6 ;]jf 4.5 6.0 5.8 6.6 gf]6M @))! sf] tYof+s k|f/lDes cg'dfg a/ cg'bfg ;dfj]z ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f !' d"Nob/ / ;/sf/L laQ 1981 1991 2000 2001 | l:kmlt -k|ltzt_ d'bf cfGtl/s d"Nob/ -k|ltzt kl/jt{g_ pkef]Qmf d"No 13.6 13.8 3.4 2.4 ' g ck|ToIf s"=u|f=p= ;+sr 7.9 9.1 4.4 3.1 ;/sf/L ljQ s"=u|f=p=sf] k|ltzt, rfn' cg'bfg ;dfj]z rfn' /fhZj .. 8.9 10.7 11.4 rfn' ah]6 ;Gt'ng .. -2.8 1.1 0.2 ;dli6ut art÷Go"gtf .. -10.7 -3.5 -4.5 Aofkf/ 1981 1991 2000 2001 -!) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/df_ s"n lgof{t -Pkm=cf]=jL=_ 135 228 971 942 lgof{t / cfoft -!) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/df_ vfBfGg .. .. 61 65 bnxg .. .. 46 56 pTkfbg .. .. 230 256 s"n cfoft -l;=cfO{=Pkm=_ 371 715 1,713 1,774 vfBfGg .. 87 157 81 OGwg tyf phf{ .. 70 273 338 Lut a:t' k"h .. 184 297 312 zf]wfgfGt/ l:ylt 1981 1991 2000 2001 -!) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/df_ a:t' tyf ;]jfsf] lgof{t 294 437 1,433 1,359 s"=u|f=p=df rfn' vftf ;Gt'ng -k|ltzt_ a:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfoft 403 854 1,922 1,984 ;fwg ;Gt'ng -109 -417 -489 -625 v'b cfDbfgL 10 66 20 9 v'b rfn' 6«fG;km/ 46 60 582 774 rfn' vftf ;Gt'ng -52 -290 113 158 ljQLo j:t' -v'b_ 39 417 101 -82 v'b ;+lrltdf kl/jt{g 13 -127 -214 -76 ;fGble{s tYof+s ;+lrlt, ;'g ;dfj]z -!) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/df_ .. 451 952 1,027 ljgLdo b/ -l8;]Da/, :yfgLo÷cd]l/sL 8n/_ 12.0 31.0 69.3 73.8 afXo C0f tyf ;fwgsf] k|jfx 1981 1991 2000 2001 -!) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/df_ e'QmfgL ug{ afsL C0f / ljgLof]hg 279 1,776 2,823 2,700 @))! df C0fsf] ;+/rgf cfO=lj=cf/=l8= 0 0 0 0 -!) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/df_ cfO=l8=P= 109 719 1,134 1,127 s"n e'QmfgL ;]jf 12 66 100 89 cfO=lj=cf/=l8= 0 0 0 0 cfO=l8=P= 1 8 24 25 v'b ;fwg k|jfxdf of]ubfg ;/sf/L cg'bfg 72 52 76 36 ;/sf/L shf{ 65 139 97 60 lghL shf{ 0 -11 -8 0 k|ToIF a}bl] zs ;xfotf 0 2 3 6 { mf]lnof] OlSj6L kf]6k 0 0 0 0 ljZj a}s + sf] sfo{qmd k|lta4tf 32 62 55 0 ljt/0f 33 49 46 47 ;fjf e'QmfgL 0 3 16 17 v'b k|jfx 33 47 31 30 Aofh e'QmfgL 1 5 9 8 v'b 6«fG;km/ 32 42 22 21 gf]6M ;dli6ut art÷Go"gtfdf cg'bfg ;dfj]z " ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f + kf]6k g]kfnM a}s | lt tyf Joj:yfkg kl/;"rsx? -!)÷@$÷@))@ ;Dd_ { mf]lnof]sf] sfo{ku kl/;"rs* 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 kf]6{kmf]lnof] sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf kl/of]hgfx?sf] ;+Vof a 10 9 8 8 7 cf};t sfof{Gjog cjlw -jif{_ b 3.6 3.1 3.7 3.7 3.8 ;+Vofsf cfwf/df ;d:ofu|:t kl/of]hgfx?sf] k|ltzt a, c 20.0 22.2 12.5 12.5 28.6 d"Nosf cfwf/df ;d:ofu|:t kl/of]hgfx?sf] k|ltzt a, c 16.9 18.3 2.3 24.2 37.8 ;+Vofsf cfwf/df hf]lvddf k/]sf kl/of]hgfx?sf] k|ltzt a, d 60.0 55.6 12.5 12.5 28.6 d"Nosf cfwf/df hf]lvddf k/]sf kl/of]hgfx?sf] k|ltzt a, d 71.6 60.6 2.3 24.2 37.8 ljt/0f cg'kft -k|ltzt_ e 22.4 20.5 27.3 33.3 10.1 kf]6{kmf]lnof] Joj:yfkg l;=lk=lk=cf/= Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ] x? -s"n xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/_ f ;'k/Lj]If0f ;|ft 1059.0 1079.0 437.0 447.0 776. cf}ift ;'k/Lj]If0f -xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/÷kl/of]hgf_ f 66.0 98.0 49.0 50.0 77.6 ;fGble{s tYof+s cf=j= *) b]lv ut % jif{sf cf=j=x? ;+Vofsf cfwf/df cf]=O=l8=sf] kl/of]hgf d"Nof+sg 61 10 d"Nosf cfwf/df cf]=O=l8=sf] kl/of]hgf d"Nof+sg -!) nfv c=8=df_ 1,189.4 312.0 ;+Vofsf cfwf/df o'= jf Pr=o'= tf]lsPsf cf]=O=l8= kl/of]hgfsf] k|ltzt 35.0 10.0 d"Nosf cfwf/df o'= jf Pr=o'= tf]lsPsf cf]=O=l8= kl/of]hgfsf] k|ltzt 21.4 4.8 * ;a} kl/;"rsx? kf]6k { mf]lnof]df k/]sf kl/of]hgfx?;+u ;DalGwt ePsf], ljt/0f cg'kft afx]s a. kf]6k{ mf]lnof]sf] jflif{s sfo{ku | lt ljj/0f cg';f/ b. + sf] kf]6k a}s { mf]lnof]df kl/of]hgfx?sf] cf};t cjlw c. ljsf; p2]Zo /÷jf sfof{Gjog k|ultdf cfwfl/t o'=jf Pr=o'= tf]lsPsf kl/of]hgfx?sf] k|ltzt d. { mf]lnof] ;'wf/ sfo{qmddf JofVof eP adf]lhd kf]6k e. jif{sf] ;'?df a}s + kf]6k{ mf]lnof]sf] cljtl/t ;Gt'ngsf] cg'kftdf ;f]xL cjlwdf ePsf] ljt/0f, nufgL kl/of]hgfx? dfq f. k|ToIF vr{ -;|ft ] M ljhg]z jfo/ xfp;, tflnsf %=@_ + ;d'xsf] sfo{qmlds ;f/;+If]k a -!)÷#!÷@))@ ;Dd_ g]kfnM a}s cfly{s jif{ kl/of]hgfsf] gfd bz nfv kmfObfx? sfof{Gjogsf cd]l/sL 8n/df hf]lvdx? -p=÷d=÷Go"=_ -p=÷d=÷Go"=_ @))# u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ kl/of]hgf 20.0 p= d= ljQLo IF]q k|fljlws ;xfotf 16.0 p= p= ljB't\ IF]q ljsf; 76.0 p= p= kl/0ffd 112.0 @))$ cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIFf, bf]>f] -bf]>f] r/0f_ 15.0 p= Go"= ;+/rgfut ;dfof]hg shf{ 40.0 p= p= ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]if, Pn=cfO{=Pn= 5.0 p= p= kl/0ffd 60.0 @))% c ljQLo If]q ;dfof]hg shf{ 50.0 p= p= :jf:Yo IF]q ;'wf/ 40.0 d= p= kl/0ffd 90.0 ;dli6ut cfj @))# cfj @))% 262.0 a. of] tflnsfn] cfufdL tLg cfly{s jif{sf nflu sfo{qmd k|:tfljt u/]sf] b. k|To]s kl/of]hgfsf nflu kmfObfx? tyf hf]lvdx? pRr -p=_, dWod -d=_, jf Go"g -Go"=_ x'g] ck]IFf ul/Psf] \. c. oL tYof+sx? cfly{s jif{ @))% sf] sfo{qmdsf ;"rs x'g ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f " g]kfnM cfO=Pkm=;L= / Pd=cfO{=lh=P= sfo{qmdx?, cfj !(((@))@ -!)÷#!÷@))@ ;Dd_ 1999 2000 2001 2002 cfO=Pkm=;L=sf] :jLs[lt -!) nfv c=8n/_ 0.0 11.1 0.3 0.0 If]q -k|ltzt_ ljQ tyf aLdf 100.0 hDdf 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 nufgL -k|ltzt_ C0f :jnfut 100.0 cw{ :jnfut cGo hDdf 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 Pd=cfO{=lh=P=sf] k|Tofe"lt 32.8 32.8 19.1 30.1 g]kfnM C0f afx]ssf 1fg tyf cWoog ;DaGwL ;]jfx? -!)÷#!÷@))@ ;Dd_ k|ltkmn k"/f ePsf] vr{ -xhf/ nlIft ;d'x a p2]Zo b cfly{s jif{ cd]l/sL 8n/df_ xfn} ;DkGg ePsf] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] ;+3f/df ul/aL FY99 168 G/D/B/PD KG/PS ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] k'g/fjnf]sg FY00 240 G/D/PD KG/PD t/fO{sf ljsNkx?sf] cWoog FY01 275 G/D/B/PD KG/PS z}lIfs IF]qsf] ;'wf/sf k|fyldstf tyf /0fgLltx? FY01 145 G/D/B KG/PD/PS k|:tfljt ljB't\ IF]q ljsf; /0fgLlt FY01 260 G/B KG/PD | lt Joj;flos jftfj/0f tyf pTkfbgd"ns pBf]ux?sf] sfo{ku FY01 140 G/B/PD KG/PD/PS vl/b k|lqmof ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg FY01 56 G/D/B PS ljQLo hjfkmb]xLtf ;DaGwL cWoog FY02 130 G/D/B KG/PD/PS cBfjlws cfly{s kl/b[io FY02 30 G/D/B KG/PD/PS ljlQo IF]q cWoog FY03 59 G/D KG/PS sfd eO/x]sf] Aofkf/ tyf k|lt:kwf{Tds l:yltsf] cWoog FY03 100 G/B/PD KG/PS ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]ifsf gLltut l6kf]6x? FY03 75 G/D/B KG/PS ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] k'g/fjnf]sgsf nflu ;xdltsf] ljsf; FY03 15 G/B KG/PD ljQLo ljs]Gb|Ls/0f FY03 100 G/D/B/PD KG/PS :yfgLo lgsfox? FY03 75 G/D/B KG/PD/PS ul/jL sd ug]{ /0fgLlts d:of}bfsf] ;+oQ' m k'g/fjnf]sg FY03 25 G/B/PD KG/PD/PS dWod cjlwsf] vr{ ;+/rgf FY03 35 G/B/D KG/PD/PS ;xfotf /0fgLltsf] k|ult ljj/0f FY03 50 G/B/PD PD/PS hLjg:t/ ;j]I { f0f FY03/04 75 G/B KG/PS k|:tfljt ;fdflhs tyf n}l¨s ljZn]if0f FY03/04 80 G/D/B KG/PD/PS ljsf; gLltsf] ;dLIff FY04 150 G/B KG/PS ul/jL ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg FY04 200 G/D/B/PD KG/PD/PS ;xfotf /0fgLlt FY04 125 G/B/PD PD/PS cBfjlws cfly{s kl/b[Zo FY05 75 G/D KG/PD a. ;/sf/ (G), bftf (D), a}+s (B), ;fj{hlgs ljt/0f (PD). b. ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L (KG), ;fj{hlgs 5nkmn (PD), ;d:of ;dfwfg (PS). " ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f g]kfnM d'Vo cfly{s kl/;"rsx? -!)÷#!÷@))@ ;Dd_ oyfy{ cg'dflgt k|Io]lkt ;"rsf+s cfj (& cfj (* cfj (( cfj )) cfj )! cfj )@ cfj )# cfj )$ cfj )% /fli6«o n]vf -s"=u|f=p=df k|ltzt of]ubfg_ s"n cfGtl/s pTkfbg a 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 s[lif 41 40 41 41 39 41 41 41 42 pBf]u 23 22 22 22 22 21 20 20 20 ;]jfx? 36 38 37 37 39 38 39 39 39 s"n pkef]u 86 86 86 85 85 88 87 87 86 s"n cfGtl/s l:y/ nufgL 22 22 19 19 19 19 21 21 23 ;/sf/L nufgL 7 8 7 7 8 5 5 5 5 lghL nufgL 15 14 12 12 11 15 16 17 18 lgof{t (GNFS) b 26 23 23 23 22 20 20 20 19 cfoft (GNFS) 38 34 30 32 32 32 32 32 32 s"n cfGtl/s art 14 14 14 15 15 12 13 13 14 s"n /fli6«o art c 24 25 24 28 29 27 28 28 29 ;fGble{s tYof+s s"n cfGtl/s pTkfbg -!) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/, rfn' d"No_ 4921 4892 5030 5480 5562 5596 5882 6296 6784 k|ltAolQm s"n /fli6«o ;"rsf+s -!) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/, P6\nf;_ 230 230 230 240 250 240 240 250 260 jf:tljs jflif{s j[l4 -k|ltzt, !(*% sf] d"No b/df lx;fj ul/Psf]_ d 5.3 2.9 4.5 6.2 4.8 0.8 3.8 5.5 6.0 jf:tljs jflif{s k|ltAolQm j[l4b/ -k|ltzt, !(*% sf] d"No b/df lx;fj ul/Psf]_ 2.8 0.5 2.0 3.7 2.4 -1.5 1.5 3.1 3.6 zf]wgfGt/ ;Gt'ng -!) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/df_ lgof{t (GNFS)b 1509 1262 1270 1433 1359 1121 1154 1228 1316 a:t'ut -Pkm=cf]=jL=_ 1160 856 763 971 942 762 782 836 90 cfoft (GNFS)b 1962 1759 1596 1922 1984 1786 1899 2033 2192 a:t'ut -Pkm=cf]=jL=_ 1750 1551 1390 1713 1774 1605 1707 1826 196 ;fwg ;Gt'ng -453 -497 -326 -489 -625 -665 -745 -805 -876 v'b rfn' 6«fG;km/ 402 443 407 582 774 823 885 935 992 rfn' vftf ;Gt'ng -46 -47 93 113 158 166 148 141 127 g]kfnM d'Vo cfly{s kl/;"rsx? -!)÷#!÷@))@ ;Dd_ oyfy{ cg'dflgt k|Io]lkt ;"rsf+s cfj (& cfj (* cfj (( cfj )) cfj )! cfj )@ cfj )# cfj )$ cfj )% v'b lghL k|ToIf j}bl] zs nufgL 29 11 9 3 6 6 15 30 40 bL3{sflng C0f -v'b_ 149 167 134 127 74 58 71 45 35 ;/sf/L 168 135 89 97 60 58 74 47 37 lghL -19 32 46 30 14 0 -3 -3 -2 cGo k"h L -v'b_ -45 40 -76 -29 -162 -178 -192 -152 -141 ;+lrltdf kl/jt{g e -86 -171 -160 -214 -76 -52 -42 -63 -61 ;fGble{s tYof+sx? ;fwg ;Gt'ng -s"=u|f=p=df k|ltzt of]ubfg_ -9.2 -10.2 -6.5 -8.9 -11.2 -11.9 -12.7 -12.8 -12.9 jflif{s a[l4b/ -cd]l/sL 8n/df_ a:t'ut lgof{t -Pkm=cf]=aL=_ 93.0 -26.2 -10.9 27.3 -3.0 -19.1 2.6 6.9 7.9 a:t'ut cfoft -l;=cfO{=Pkm=_ 29.6 -11.3 -10.4 23.3 3.5 -9.5 6.4 7.0 7.8 ;fj{hlgs ljQ -ahf/d"Nodf s"=u|f=p=df k|ltzt of]ubfg_ rfn' /fhZj 10.8 10.5 10.2 10.7 11.4 11.4 11.6 11.9 12.3 rfn' vr{ 9.9 9.2 9.4 9.6 11.2 12.4 12.6 12.1 12.0 rfn' vftf art jf 3f6f 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.2 -1.0 -1.0 -0.2 0.3 Lut vr{ k"h 8.2 5.7 4.8 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.4 5.5 a}bl] zs ;xfotf 5.4 5.6 3.8 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.6 4.5 2.7 df}lb|s ;'rsf+sx? M2 / s"=u|f=p= 37.0 42.0 44.7 49.0 52.3 53.2 54.8 57.2 60.0 M2 sf] j[l4b/ -k|ltzt_ 11.9 21.9 20.8 21.8 15.3 6.2 11.5 15.0 16.5 lghL If]qsf] shf{ j[l4÷s"n shf{ j[l4 -k|ltzt_ 94.9 77.8 83.4 78.9 50.0 45.6 75.8 82.8 86.2 s"n shf{ j[l4 -k|ltzt_ d"No ;'rsf+sx? ljgLdo b/ ;"rsf+s -cfj ()=!))) 88.2 90.4 92.5 93.7 93.8 .. .. .. .. pkef]Qmf d"No ;"rsf+s -k|ltzt kl/jt{g_ -cfj *%=!))) 8.4 3.3 12.8 3.4 2.4 2.9 4.0 4.5 4.7 ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f ' g -k|ltzt kl/jt{g_ -cfj *%=!))) s"=u|f=p=, ;+sr 7.1 4.2 8.8 4.4 3.1 3.5 4.3 4.5 4.7 a. s"=u|f=p= ÎofS6/ si6df b. GNFS n] a:t' tyf gg ÎofS6/ ;]jfx?nfO{ hgfp5 . c. ;/sf/L k"h ] zf]w egf{ gx'g] v'b 6«fG;km/ Lut cg'bfgnfO{ 5f]8/ d. \ . ljQLo k|Io]k0f cflwsfl/s lgsfox?sf] k|f/lDes cg'dfg . a[l4sf] k|Io]k0f @))@ h'nfO{sf x'g e. cfO{=Pd=Pkm=sf] ;fwg ;dfj]z "! "" ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f Nepal - Key Exposure Indicators As of 10/31/02 Actual Estimate Projected Indicator FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 Total debt outstanding and disbursed (TDO) (US$m)a 2390 2646 2970 2823 2700 2709 2775 2819 2854 Net disbursements (US$m)a 142 117 70 84 70 53 68 44 35 Total debt service (TDS) (US$m)a 98 88 107 100 89 95 96 98 100 Debt and debt service indicators (%) TDO/XGSb 136.0 172.1 201.5 158.3 147.7 170.3 167.4 158.8 150.8 TDO/GDP 48.6 54.1 59.0 51.5 48.5 48.4 47.2 44.8 42.1 TDS/XGS 5.6 5.7 7.3 5.6 5.0 6.0 5.8 5.5 5.3 Concessional/TDO 95.7 96.7 97.5 98.4 97.7 .. .. .. .. IBRD exposure indicators (%) IBRD DS/public DS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Preferred creditor DS/public DS (%)c 53.9 58.7 61.5 64.9 72.3 73.1 74.1 74.8 75.9 IBRD DS/XGS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 IBRD TDO (US$m)d 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Share of IBRD portfolio (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 IDA TDO (US$m)d 1046.9 1131.0 1146.8 1133.6 1126.7 1136.7 1142.4 1143.5 1140.7 IFC Loans (US$m) 31 56 57 57 56 54 .. .. .. Equity and quasi-equity (US$m)e 0 3 3 3 4 3 .. .. .. MIGA MIGA guarantees (US$m) 33 33 33 33 19 30 .. .. .. a. Includes public and publicly guaranteed debt, private non-guaranteed, use of IMF credits and net short-term capital. b. XGS denotes exports of goods and services, including workers remittances. c. Preferred creditors are defined as IBRD, IDA, the regional multilateral development banks, the IMF, and the Bank for International Settlements. d. Includes present value of guarantees. e. Includes equity and quasi-equity types of both loan and equity instruments. Nepal: Status of Bank Group Operations (IBRD/IDA) As of 10/31/02 Closed Projects (In US$ Millions) 65 IBRD/IDA * Total Disbursed (Active) 110.4 of which has been repaid 0.0 Total Disbursed (Closed) 1211.4 of which has been repaid 115.7 Total Disbursed (Active + Closed) 1321.8 of which has been repaid 115.7 Total Undisbursed (Active) 84.3 Total Undisbursed (Closed) 0.7 Total Undisbursed (Active + Closed) 85.0 Active Projects Last PSR Difference Between Supervision Rating Original Amount in US$ Millions Expected and Actual Disbursements a/ Implementation Development Project ID Project Name Progress Objectives Fiscal Year IBRD IDA GRANT Cancel. Undisb. Orig. FrmRevd P010516 Rural Water Supply and S S 1997 0.0 18.3 0.0 1.5 3.3 6.3 2.3 Sanitation P010530 Irrigation Sector S S 1998 0.0 79.8 0.0 8.0 12.4 21.9 3.0 Development P010509 Multimodal Trade U S 1998 0.0 23.5 0.0 0.0 4.2 5.2 4.0 and Transit P040612 Basic & Primary S S 1999 0.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 5.4 6.1 0.5 Education II P045053 Rural Infrastructure LIL S S 1999 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.9 -0.5 P045052 Road Maintenance and U U 2000 0.0 54.5 0.0 0.0 35.5 46.4 0.8 ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f Development P050671 Telecommunications S S 2002 0.0 22.6 0.0 0.0 22.7 -0.5 0.0 Sector Reform Total 0.0 216.1 0.0 9.6 84.3 86.3 10.0 a. Intended disbursements to date minus actual disbursements to date as projected at appraisal. * Disbursement data is updated at the end of the first week of the month. "# "$ ;xfotf /0fgLltM k|ult ljj/0f Nepal: Statement of IFCs Held and Disbursed Portfolio As of 10/31/02 (In US$ Millions) Held Disbursed FY Approval Company Loan Equity Quasi Partic Loan Equity Quasi Partic 1996 Bhote Koshi 19.9 3.0 0.0 33.8 19.9 3.0 0.0 30.7 1994 Himal Power 25.9 0.0 4.0 0.0 25.9 0.0 4.0 0.0 2001 ILFC - Nepal 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 1998 Jomsom Resort 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total Portfolio 49.8 3.3 4.0 33.8 49.8 3.3 4.0 30.7 ljZj a}+s !*!* Pr= l:6«6, Pg= 8ANo" jflz+6g, l8=;L= @)$$#, o'=P;=P= 6]lnkmf]gM ! @)@ $&& !@#$ ÎofS;M ! @)@ $&& ^#(! ofs P08 olt xf]6n kl/;/ kf]=a=g+= &(* sf7df8f}+, g]kfn 6]lnkmf]gM )) (&& ! @@^&(@÷# ÎofS;M )) (&& ! @@%!!@ www.worldbank.org.np www.biswabank.org.np
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Nepal - Country assistance strategy progress report
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