China - Second Tianjin Urban Development and Environment Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 8 of 11) : Drainage component : environmental assessment (revised)

E574 v. 8 (revised) Tianjin Second WB Financed Urban Urban Environment and Development Project Drainage Component Environmental Impact Report Ti anj in Academy of Environmental Science July 2002 FILE =O.  Tianjin Second WB Financed Urban Urban Environment and Development Project Drainage Component Environmental Impact Report 0 -.-L-As"i -A _ 1" Tianjin Academy of Environmental Science July 2002  Introduction 1.1 Project Background Tianjin is the 4th biggest city in China, ranking the 2"d in north Chinla. It had a perm-lanent population of 10,011,400 in the year 2000 and is one of the econolmlic and cultural centers in northern China, especially in the Bohai Sea Ring Region. Withl the rapid social and economic development of the city and the improvement in people's standard of living in recent years, the city has been generating and discharging mor-e sanitary sewage every year. Though various urban and environmental infrastructul-es have been built in succession, the investment in water pollution control facilities is far from sufficient and is lagged behind of the wastewater generation. Furthermore, years of draught has significantly reduced natural flows in rivers of the region, and thuls dilutioni and assimilative capacity in the receiving water bodies. As a result, the water- environmiiienit in Tinajin has been suffering serious pollution, affecting quality of life for residents of Tianjin as well as environrnental and ecological systems in the regioni. According to the statistics by relevant departments of the city, the anllual sewage discharge of the city was 599 million tons in 2000, but the treatment rate was only 45%. A large amloullt of sewage is directly discharged without treatment into the rivers of the Haihe River Basin (HRB) through the urban sewage system and then into the Baolhai Sea, resultilng in water environment deterioration in HBB rivers and the Tianjlll area of the Bohai Sea. At the same time, serious shortage of water supply compounided witlh water pollution also restrict the economic development of the city and improvemelnt of standard of living for the people. Clearly, water pollution and shortage of water resources are two key problems which must be solved by the Tianjin Municipality now. The Tianjin Municipal Government (TMG) has given these water polltion and shortage problems a high priority. Based on the national campaigns of Blue Bohai Sea Program, the Haihe River Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Treatmenit Plan and Tianj in's own Urban Master Plan which have been approved by the State CouLncil of tlhe People's Republic of China (PRC), the TMG has decided to initiate and implemiielnt Blue Water Project Plan in the year 2002. According to the Plan, RMB 17.51437 billion will be invested for nine environmental protection and water pollution control projects. Its goal is to protect the safety of domestic water supply, and ecological water- systemiis for the 10 million people in the city and to make significant improvement of the area water quality by the year 2005. The implementation of the Plan will contribute to controlling the pollution of the Haihe River Basin and the Bohai Sea, the urban water, ecological and sanitary environrments, the rational utilization of water resoLu-ces, tlhe sustainable development of the economy of Tianjin region and improvemenit of living1 quality of the people. Today, the Blue Water Project Plan has started and the Dagu canal dredging project, urban drainage network project, wastewater treatment plant project and sewage reuse project which are to be included in the Second Tianjil Urbanl Development and Environment project (STUDEP), to be partially financed by a World Bank loan are part of the Plan. The completion of the STUDEP will eventually beneFit the 10 million citizens of Tianjin and the over 100 million residents arounld the Bohai Sea Rim region. 1.2 Shortage of water resources and pollution of water environment in Tianjin  1.2.1 Shortage of water resources in Tianjin Tianjin is located in the lower reaches of the Haihe River Basin and was once benefited from the rich water resources of the Haihe River in the past. Since the 1990's, howevel-, the river has experienced a sharp drop of flows from upstream due to the incr-ease in tlhe population within the basin, economic development and increase in water consumption. 1In 1983, Luanhe River Diversion Project was completed which introduces Luanhe river water to Tainjin and temporarily eased the water shortage in Tianjil. However, since available Luanhe river water was limited, water supply guarantee rate was low. Due to the draught from 1997 to 2001, the water stored in the Panjiakou Reservoir, source of the Luanhe River Water to Diversion Project, dropped to below the dead storage level. To solve the water shortage of the city, the Yellow River Water Diversion Project whiclh introduces Yellow River water to Tianjin had to start again in 2000. The shortage of water resources can be seen from a water supply and demand analysis for Tianjin for the years 2010 and 2015, according to the Tianjin Urban Master Plan, as shown in Table 1-1. Table I - I Conditions of Water Shortage in Tianjin (unit: 100 million In3) 2010 2015 Region 50% 75% 95% 50% 75% 95% guarantee guarantee guarantee guarantee guaranitee guaranitee rate rate rate rate rate rate Urban -9.61 -9.61 -11.93 -12.86 -12.86 - 13.68 Rural -1.165 -10.97 -15.443 -6.142 -12.19 -17.01 Total -11.265 -20.58 -27.373 -19.002 -25.05 -30.69 From the above table we can see that under these water supply guaranitee rates, water consumption in Tianjin in the future will face shortage. To make up for the insufficiency of water resources, to ensure the sustainable development of Tianjin and to improve availability of water resources to social and economic development, effective measures must be taken. These may include water conservationi, exploring other potential and diversified water sources, and accelerate the efforts for water division projects from the water abundant south China. Only by successfully implementing these measures, can the water resources of Tianjin basically reach a balance between supply and demand. 1.2.2 Pollution of water environment in Tianjin Major rivers and reservoirs in Tianjin include the Yuqiao Reservoir whichi is a mainl source of drinking water diverted from the Luanhe River, Beisanhie River water system, Yongdinghe River water system, Haihe River main stream water system, Daqinghe River wafer system, Zhangwei Nanyunhe River water system and others, making up the main and backup drinking water sources, agricultural irrigation water sources as well as the area's scenery and landscape waterbodies. Water quality of the river systems are monitored through a network of monitoring stations. The monitoring results have showed that among the 57 water monitoring sections in Tianjin, only the Luanhe River Diversion Project water meets Category III standards and a few which meets Category V standards, all others are belong to Category V (Figure 3.1.2-2). At these water quality levels, the rivers cannot meet the requirements for functional uses of the water bodies. Among the 20 water quality monitor stations in offshore area into the Roohai sea. only  four reach the applicable standards for the areas. In the monitoring stations, inorganiic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus and/or petroleum exceed the applicable stanidards (Figure 3.3.2-1). In particular, inorganic nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus exceed standards in a large area of the sea, resulting in eutrophication in these areas and red tide events from time to time. Today, there are a total of 8,054 waste water discharge outlets in the city, whicl discharge some 599.51 million tons of wastewater. Many years of studies have shown that the water environment of Tianjin mainly has seven problems, nanmely: (l) Water pollution of the Luanhe River Water Diversion Project: It is mainly due to the long distance and open channels nature of the Project, the lack of mainitenianice and repair of the hydraulic facilities of the Project and the rapid increase of the economic development in the upper reach areas. (2) Water shortage and deterioration of water quality thus caused: The water supply to Tianjin from upper streams flows into the city mainly during the flood season. Since the water storage capability of the city is poor, a very large portion of the water is discharged to the sea, resulting in water shortage in other seasons. The low natural water flows in the non flood seasons have very limited dilutioni and assimilative capacity, causing deterioration of water quality. (3) Water pollution of upstream water: In virtually all border sections monitored, water flowing into the Tianjin has been seriously polluted year round by the upstream activities. Accoriding to the monitoring results, water quality greatly exceeds tlhe applicable surface water standards. (4) Pollution of the main stream of the Haihe River: Starting in 1958, 1 00-plus big and medium-sized reservoirs have been built at the lower reaches of the Haihe River through the initiative of water retaining at the upper reaches of the Haihe River Basin, causing obvious reduction in water flows from upper reaches. At the same time, a large amounlt of urban storm and sanitary water from Tianjin is discharged into the Haihe River, water quality of the river deteriorates. In addition, because of the toxic substances accumulation in the sediment, secondary pollution may also occurs. (5) Shortage of water resources and water pollution lead to serious agricultural ecological problems: Tianjin is one of the largest sewage irrigation regions in thle countiy and has irrigated with sewage for nearly four decades. This affects the farnnlands and soil property of irrigated areas. (6) Sea environment: More than 80% of the pollutants received by the Bohai sea are discharged from the land. They mainly contain inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus and petroleum based oil. (7) Excessive extraction of groundwater: Due to shortage of surface water resouL-ces, Tianjin has to extract a large amount of groundwater every year to make Lip for the shortage of water supplies. The over extraction has caused formation of hopper under the ground and subsidence of coastal tidal barrages, hence reduction in storm surge resistance. 1.3 Strategies of China and Tianjin Municipality on water pollution control in the Bohai Sea and Tianjin and their relations with this project 1.3.1 Haihe River Basin water pollution control plan  In August 1996, the State Council promulgated Decisions on1 the Problems Regardinig Environmental Protection, which decided that "three rivers" and "three lakes" (The Huaihe River, the Liaohe River and the Haihe River and the Taihu Lake, the Chao11u Lake and the Dianchi Lake) as the national priority water pollution control and ancl improvement bodies. Under the Decisions, water quality of the Haihe River is required to be significantly improved and to reach the applicable national surface water standards. In June 1999, the State Council formally approved the Haihe River Basil Water Pollution Control Plan, based on which the Tianjin Municipality laid dowvn its owIn Haihe River Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment Plan, which requires that total CODcr load in 2000 to be 199,100 tons and that for 2010, 149,500 tons and that other pollutants should also be reduced accordingly. The implementation of the drainage network component of this project will help reduce the direct discharge of sewage in Tianjin along the Haihe River. The construction of the Shuanglin Sewage Treatment Plant and Hangu Yingcheng Sewage Treatmelnt Plant will help improve the sewage treatment rate of Tianjin and reduce the discharge of pollutants. The dredging of the Dagu Canalwill help reduce the pollutanits caused by thle re-suspension of sediment in the river bottom. The intermediate water reuse component in the eastern suburbs of Tianjin and Shuanglin Sewage Treatment Plant will recycle the treated wastewater to users, which can effectively lower the water consuLMptio, hence conserve water resources. In summary, the completion of the project will be part of implementationi of the Hailhe River Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment Plan of Tianjil. As suchI, it will contribute significantly to pollution control of the Haihe River Basin and improvement of surface water quality in the project area. 1.3.2 Bohai Sea Blue Sea Program Being a nearly closed, the Bohai Sea boasts an important strategic position in political, economic and social development in north China. With the rapid social and economic development along its coast, large quantities of pollutants have been discharged into the sea, which is to blame for the repeated occurrence of pollution incidents in the offshore sea area, continuous and serious deterioration of sea water quality and the marinie ecological environment. Excessive, disorderly development with little attention paid to natural resources protection has resulted in serious and worsening regional environumental problems. To halt the deteriorating environmental quality at the Bohai sea, the State Council has laid down the Bohai Clear Sea Program, based on which the Tianjin Municipality has also established its own Bohai Clear Sea Program of Tianjiln. Based on the Tianjin program, the sewage treatment rate of Tianjin in 2005 should reach 80% (1.49 million tons/d) and the pollutants entering the Tianjin sea area from controllable non-point sources and river mouth should be cut down to 170,000 toins (CODcr), 19,400 tons (inorganic nitrogen), 880 tons (inorganic phosphorus) and 560 tons (petroleum), respectively. The construction of this project will greatly contribute to meeting these target of cuttinig down the total pollutants loads discharged into the sea and the completion of the two sewage treatment plants will increase the sewage treatment capability of the city by 350,000 tons/d, which will contribute to 62% increase in sewage treatment rate. In the meantime, they will greatly reduce the total pollutant loads discharged into the sea, thus contributing to meeting the target of total pollutant loads reduction as required by the Bohai Clear Sea Program.  1.4 Tianjin Clear Water Program To carry out the Haihe River Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment Plan of Tianjin and the Bohai Clear Sea Program of Tianj in, the Tianjin MuLicipality has developed Tianjin Clear Water Program. The city has approvecl a detailed iiiplementation plan. The overall targets of the Program for 2005 are: - Significantly improve the water environment of the city. Water quality of 42 control/monitoring sections in the Haihe river systems will reach the applicable quality standards for the areas and 12 control stations in the offshore area of the Bohai sea, the applicable quality standards for the sea area. - The water quality at 96% of the drinking water sources will meet to the Category III standards or better. - The water body in the urban area of the Haihe River (upstream of the Erdao dam) will become clear and its key water quality parameters meet Category V standards; fI addition, 100% of the state controlled sections of water bodies will reachl their respectable water quality standards - The water quality of key irrigation rivers such as Yongdingxinhlle River will gradually reach the agricultural irrigation water quality standards as stipulated in the Haihe River Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment Plan of Tianjin; - The standard exceedance rates of individual pollutant parameters in the offshore sea area will be controlled within the levels stipulated in the Bohai Clear Sea Progri-amll of Tianjin, namely, N: less than 60%, P: less than 60%, COD: less thani 90% and petroleum oil: less than 80%; - Urban sewage treatment rate will reach 84% and sewage reuse rate, more than 30%; - Total COD discharge will be cut down by more than 20% and unit GDP water consumption will be maintained to lower than the national average level. To achieve the above targets, Tianjin will carry out the following nine water environLment protection and pollution control projects: (1) Drinking water source protection project, which will mainly include water quality protection of the Luanhe River Water diversion project and countryside drinking water source protection project to improve the water quality along the Luanhe River diversion project. (2) Scenery water bodes protection project, which will mainly include the Haihe River urban section dredging project, Ziyahe River west dam downstream section remediation project, the Outer Ring River dredging project, scenery rivers water resources distribution project, etc. (3) Agricultural irrigation rivers protection project, which will mainly include the Dagu canal dredging and remediation, Yongdingxinhe River dredging, Duliujianhe River control, Jiyunhe River control, Tanggu River Course comprehensive dredging, irrigation river water resources distribution project, irrigation river water quality protection project, etc. (4) Offshore sea area water quality protection project. It will mainly include construction of ancient seaboard and wetland natural reservcs, ConIStruCltiol o T.liig-i  District Lujuhe River Mesolittoral zone sea natural reserves, construction of Hangu shallow sea ecological system sea special reserves, construction of Dagang coastal wet land special reserves, construction of Baitang river- mouth sea special reserves, construction of Hahe River mouth ecological demonstration project, etc. (5) Centralized sewage treatment plants. This will mainly include 23 centralized sewage treatment plants to increase water treatment capacity by 2.342 million tons/day to ensure that the sewage treatment rate in the urban area of the city can reach 84% and that in small towns can reach 50%. (6) Sewage reuse project. It will mainly include the Meijiang Residential Quarter- inteimnediate water reuse project, Jizhuangzi recovered water agricultural ir-igationi project, eastern suburbs recovered water reuse project, TEDA recovered water reuse project, Ninghe recovered sewage reuse project, Dagang District recovered water reuse project, etc. (7) Urban area source pollution control project. This is to achieve separate stomn and sewage collection systems and alleviate the pollution of sewage to the water environment. (8) Countryside area source pollution control project. (9) Point source water pollution control project. This is to ensure the concurrent environmental protection and economic development. Today, Tianjin Clear Water Project Implementation Plan has been approved and some of the above projects have started. 1.5 The First WB Financed Project and its relation with this project Since the 1990s, Tianjin has taken the advantage of the first World Bank loan to build drainage projects to build new drainage facilities and improve the urban drailage system. These included six key projects, the Nanweidihe River remediation, abandoned Qiangzihe River remediation, Yueyahe River remediation, Jiefang South Road drainage, Tianjin Hotel Area drainage and Zhangxingzhuang and Yangzhuangzi drainage. Thanks to the construction of the above projects, the drainage capability of the Nanweidihe River, abandoned Qiangzihe River and Yueyahe River, has been enllanced and the drainage conditions in the low height areas along the rivers have been improved, and thus the reduction of ponding after rain storms. Storm water and sewage are separated in the project areas, which helps solve the sewage discharge in these areas and halt the trend of the environrment deterioration. After being completed, the projects have achieved expected positive impacts, which have in deed brought enormous benefits to the residents in the project areas. The project has been highly complimented by the citizens of Tianj in. The construction of the current World Bank financed drainage project is intended for expanding the scope of drainage system upgrading to further bring benefits to more people in additional those already benefited from the first project. Meanwhile, construction-of sewage treatment plants are also a continuation of the first World Bank financed project, as they will thoroughly solve the final treatment of the sewage collected in the drainage systems built by the first project. 1.6 Environmental assessment procedures  (1) Composition of documents Based on the World Bank operational policy OP4.01, documents for environmiental assessment include environment impact assessment (EIA) report, enviroiinienital management plan (EMP) and executive summary (Table 1-2). Table 1-2 Composition of documents for environmental assessment Document Key contents EJA report Category A project: Environment assessment will investigate the potential negative and positive impacts of the proposed project on the environment, make a comparison with feasible alternatives (including the alternative of without the project) and recommend measures for preventing, alleviating or compensating for negative impacts and actions for improving the environment. a) Executive summary: Description of important discoveries and recommended actions. b) Policy, law and management provisions. c) Project description: A brief introduction to the proposed project and its geographical, ecological, social and time background, including investment outside construction site which is needed by the project. d) Baseline data: Determination of the area of the region under study and description of relevant physical, biological, social and economic conditions. e) Impacts on the environment: Quantitative terms should be employed as many as possible to express the possible positive and negative impacts of forecasted and assessed project and determine alleviation measures and other negative impacts which cannot be alleviated; Search for opportunities for improving the environment; determination and evaluation of the quality and scope of data used, important data loopholes and uncertainty in forecast and naming special topics which need no further attention. f) Analysis of alternatives: A systematic comparison of alternatives (including alternative of without the project) and the site selection, technology and design of the proposed project, as well as the potential impacts of its operation on the environment to alleviate the feasibility of impacts, funds needs and current expenses, adaptability under local conditions and necessary organizations, training and monitor. g) Environment management plan: mitigationi measures, environmental monitoring and institutional strengthening. Environmental Mitigation, monitoring and management measures needed during management construction and operation periods for preventing and mitigating plan negative impacts on the social and natural environments or reducing them to an acceptable level. a) Mitigation measures: Decide and summarize all expected negative impacts on the environment and describe each mitigation measure (including Classs of impacts related to it and conditions needed);. predict the effectiveness of these measures on the environlmenit and  provide the relations of other alleviation measures needed by project. b) Monitoring: Specific description and technical details of monitoring measures, such as monitoring factor, methods to be adopted, sampling locations and frequency, test limits and data accuracy, monitoring and reporting procedures and evaluation. c) Capacity building and training: Evaluate the current situationi, duties and capabilities of local or consulting environmlienital organizations, recommendations for construction and development plan for employee training, detailed description of the arrangement and technical support of the relevant institutions, procurement of equipment and other necessary articles and change in organizations. d) Implementation plan and cost estimate for environmllental management. Executive A brief introduction to the project, summary positive and negative summary impacts of the proposed project and recommended mitigation measures on the environment and estimated residual impacts. (2) Requirements of the World Bank and Chinese authorities on environmllenital assessment Requirements of the World Bank on environment assessment are outlined in the Bank's Operational Policy OP4.01 and other safeguards policies. Requirements from Chinlese authorities are included in the Notice on Strengthening the Environment Impact Assessment Management of Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organizations. Both requirements are similar, as briefly outlined in Table 1-3. Table 1-3 Demand of the World Bank and China on environment assessment No. Chapter Content I Introduction Origin and purpose of and strategic background to a project and environment assessment procedures. 2 Law, statutes and Law and statutes; an introduction to discharge impact assessment standards standards; check of ten safety policies 3 An introduction to the The geography, climate, social and economic features, water resources, Haihe River Basin, ecology, water resources and others of the Haihe River Basin (especially Tianjin, Dagu River and Tianjin) and the Bohai Sea; drainage conditions of Dagu River and the Bohai Sea Tianjin. 4 Current data Current conditions of the water quality in Tianjin and the offshore sea area of the Bohai Sea and environment data background values of construction area. 5 An introduction to the Project composition; dredging of the Dagu River and construction of project drainage pipe network, sewage treatment plants and intermediate water reuse project. 6 Analysis of alternatives Alternatives of site selection, route and sewage treatment. 7 Benefits within the Water quality, ecological restoration, conservation of water resources, scope of the basin public health, the Bohai Sea and other bvenefits 8 Impacts and mitigation Land acquisition and settlement, impacts on water system, air quality, measures impacts of noises and others on the public, impacts during construction period and alleviation, remaining impacts and risk impacts. 9 Sludge management Current conditions of solid waste management system, sludge management and disposal plan, analysis of alternatives, impacts of sludge disposal on the environment and alleviation and remaining impacts. 10 Public participation Methods and documents for two rounds of public participation, problems and focuses of public concern, reply and final acceptance by the public  Environment Environment management system, environment monitor plan. management plan organization construction and training, expenses for environment management and alleviation measures and implementation plan. 12 Conclusion Problems discovered and summary of assessment. The initial environmental impact assessment report is a report requiring national agency review and approval. The key steps in the environment assessment are: Completion of terms of reference (TOR) for the environmental assessment, review and approval of the TOR by the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA), completion of the environmental assessment documentation, and review and approval of the documentation by the SEPA.  2. Law and standards 2.1 Environmental protection law and statutes The applicable laws for the project environmental assessment include: Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China on Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China on Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China on Noise Pollution Prevention and Contr-ol Law of the People's Republic of China on Solid Waste Pollution Preventioni and Control Law of the People's Republic of China on Marine Environiment Protection Law of the People's Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation SL(2001) No.124, written reply of the State Council to the Bohai Sea Blue Sea Program, Notice of the General Office of the State Council on approving the Haihe SGOL(1999) No.21, River Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plan Management Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Damages to the Sea Environment by Seaboard Construction Projects No.253 decree of the State Council of the People's Republic of China: Management Regulations on the Environmental Protection of Construction Projects. EM (1993) No.324, Notice on Strengthening the Environment Impact Assessment Management of Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organizations WB Operational Policy OP4.01 and other safeguards policies (2000) No.28 decree of the Tianjin People's Government: Management Regulatiolns of Tianjin on the Environmental Protection of Construction Projects. JGI (2000) No.83 of the Tianjin People's Government: Notice on Printing and Issuing Blue Sky Project Implementation Plan Tianjin Urban Overall Plan Regulation of Tianjin on the Protection of Basic Farmlands Management Regulations of Tianjin on the Protection of Basic Vegetable Fields (1994) No.25 decree of Tianjin People's Government: Management Measures of Tianjin on the Prevention of Water Pollution JGI (2001) No.93: Notice of the Tianjin People's Government on the Prohibition of the Sales and Use of Phosphorus-Containing Detergents (2000) JGI No.60 of the Tianjin People's Government: Measures for the Managemiienlt of the Jhllle River and Other River Courses 2.2 Documents regarding environmental protection planning Documents of the Tianjin People's Government JGI (2002) No.9: Notice on kpproviiig an(d Referrinig the lImplementationi of the Blue Sky Project in 2000 vy tlh  Environmental Protection Bureau of the City JEPG (2001) No.350 of the Environmental Protection Bureau of Tianj in: Letter on the Adjustment of the Plan for the Division of the Environmental Noise Standards Applicable Areas in the Urban Area of Tianjin Tianjin environmental protection lO'h Five Year plan and 2015 long-term plan The Haihe River Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plan of Tianjin The Bohai Clear Sea Program of Tianjin 2.3 Relevant technical documents (1) HJ/T2.1-2.3-93 Technical Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Impacts of the State Bureau of Environmental Protection (2) HJ/T2.4-1995 Technical Guidance for the Assessment of Environmelntal lImpacts * Sound Environment of the State Environmental Protection Administr-ationi (3) JTJO05-96 Standards for the Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of Higlhway Construction Projects (for Trial Implementation) (4) HJ/T19-1997 Technical Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Impacts * Non-Pollution Ecological Impacts of the State Bureau of Environmenital Protection 2.4 Project category and scope of assessment Based on relevant World Bank policies on environmental assessment classification, the environmental assessment for this project is Category A. With reference to the basic principles on classification environmental impacts assessment of the Technical Guidance for the Assessment of Envirornental Impacts, the assessment of the key environmental elements of the various components are rated as shown in the Table 2-4-1: Table 2-4-1 Classification of the Assessment of Key Environmental Elements Component Assessment Classification Air Surface water Noise Ecology Drainage system upgrading C C C and intermediate water reuse component Dagu Canal remediation C C C B Shuanglin and Yingcheng C B C Sewage Treatment Plants For the scope of assessment of the environmental impacts of the various components involved in this assessment (Table 2-4-2).  Table 2-4-2 Scope of Assessment of Various Components Scope of special topic assessment during operation period Con structi on Component period Atmosphere Surface water Noise Ecology or solid wastes Scope of assessment of stink impact Scope of Drainage system S covers a square assessment is a transformation arthe a round antea (side Upper section of round area with and intermediate the area through length. 500m) the Haihe River pump station as which pipes run with pump Erdao Gate its center and \cater reuse (100 to 150m) station as its whose radius is center and 500m prevailing wind direction as its main axis. (I) Dagu canal It starts from the confluence opening between the Xianyang Road and MiyuLn Road Pump Stations and extends to the Dongdagu Pump Station, where it empties into the seaport, having a total length of 67.47km (The section from the Xianyang Road Pump Station to the confluence opening between the Xianyang Road and Miyun Road Pump Stations has been Dagu canal changed into square culvert during the construction of the Xianyang Road Sewage Plant ). i-emediation (2) Jizhuangzi River: It starts from the lizhuangzi Sewage Plant to Sihaofang in the Xiqilng District, having a length of 3.67km. (3) Xianfeng River: It starts from the Shuanglin Pump Station to the Jugezhuang Pump Station, having a length of 12.5km. The above three blowdown rivers have a total length of 83.64kni and involve the 500m area along their banks Scope of assessment of Within the stink (H2S and I OOm-wide NH3) impact Shuanglin and areas along the covers a square The receiving Im outside ihe Solid wastes are Yingcheng sewage main area (side section of the evaluated to the Sewage and trunk pipes length: 4km) Xianfeng boundary of the destination of Treatment and areas around with the sewage Blowdown sewage mud disposal Plants the site of the treatment plant River treatment plant path. proposed plant as its center and (within 150m). prevailing wind direction as its main axis 2.5 Assessment standards adopted in this project 2.5.1 Atmospheric environment Nuisance Odor Discharge Standards (DB12/-059-95), new revision, Class B; Environmental Air Quality Standards GB3095-1996 Class B; Designed Sanitary Standards for Industrial Enterprise TJ36-79 residential quarter; Technical Measures for Laying Down Local Atmospheric Pollutanit Discharge Standards GB/T13201-91; Boiler Atmospheric Pollutant Discharge Standards JIN/DHJBI-1999. The specific standard limits are presented in Table 2-5-1.  Table 2-5-1 Atmosphere Assessment Standards Concentration limit mg/ni3 tacaid No. Pollution factor Class Stancai-cs Hour Daily average I TSP Environment 0 30 2 SO, Environment 0.50 0.15 3 NO, Environment 0.24 0 12 4 CO Environment 10.0 4 0 5 Stink air Discharge 20 (transient) concentration Environment 20 (transient) DB I 9/-059/95 Discharge ~~~~~~I 0(boundary of 6 N 1-13 Dscharge plant) . _________________ Environment 0 20(one time) T.J36-79 7 H.S Discharge 0 03(boundary of DB 12/-059/95 7 HSplant) Environment 0.0 I(one time) TJ36-79 2.5.2 Water environment evaluation standards Quality Standards of Sewage Discharged into Urban Sewers GJ 18-86; Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards GHZB 1-1999 Class V; Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards GB8978-1996 grade B; Agricultural Irrigation Water Quality Standards GB5084-92. Specific limits of these standards are presented in Table 2-5-2. Table 2-5-2 Water Environment Assessment Standards mg/I (except pH) GB8978- 1996 class B GHZB I - I'()' No pollutant GJI 8-86 GB5084-92 Intended for Limit Class V I pH 6-9 5.5 -8.5 All sewage discharge units 6-9 6-9 2 SS 400 200(dry farming) Grade B sewage treatment 30 1_00(vegetable) plants in towns 3 COD,, 500 300(dry farming) Grade B sewage treatment 120 40 COD_, 500 150(vegetable) plants in towns 4 BOD 300 150(dry farming) Grade B sewage treatrncnt 30 10 BOD5 300 80(vegetable) plants in towns Ammonia 5 and 30 (Casparian nitrogen) Other units 25 niaiogen I nitrogen niIoe 6 phosphate 10 (total phosphorus) All sewage discharge units I 0(based phn 0 2 (total I I I ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P) phosphoruLs) 2.5.3 Noise evaluation standards (1) Noise standards for regional environment will follow the noise functional area standards of GB3096-93 Urban Regional Environmental Noise Standards (Table 2-5-3).  Table 2-5-3 Urban Regional Environmental Noise Standards (Excerpt) Class Standard value (LAe, dB) During the day At night Class I area 55 45 Class 2 area 60 50 Class 3 area 65 55 Class 4 area 70 55 Note: Standards for Class I area are applicable to areas dominated by residential houses and cultural and educational organizations. The standards can also be referred to by a counltryside residential environment; Standards for Class 2 area are applicable to areas with residential houses, commercial and industrial enterprises and business downtowni areas; Standards for Class 3 area are applicable to industrial areas and Standards for Class 4 area are applicable to areas along the sides of trunk roads. (2) Noise standards for the boundary of industrial enterprises will follow GB 1 2348-90 Industrial Enterprise Boundary Noise Standards. Refer to table 2-5-4. Table 2-5-4 Environmental Noise Standards for the Boundary of Industrial Enterprises (Excerpt) Class Standard value (LAe, dB) During the day At night Class I area 55 45 Class 2 area 60 50 Class 3 area 65 55 Class 4 area 70 55 Note: Division of various Class of areas is the same as that in (1). (3) Construction site boundary will follow GB12523-90 Building Construction Site Boundary Noise Limits and GB12524-90 Building Construction Site Boundary Noise Measurement Methods. Table 2-5-5 Equivalent Sound Level Limits for Construction Site Boundary Unit- LA dB Construction Noise limit Key noise sources stage Day Night stone work Bulldozer, excavator and loader 75 75 Construction Piling Piling machines 85 is forbidden Structure Concrete mixer, poker vibrator and 70 55 electric saw decoration Crane and elevator 65 55  2.5.4 Farmland soil environmental quality standards Fanrnland soil environmental quality standards will follow the grade B standar-ds in GB15618-1995 Soil Environmental Quality Standards. For TN, TP and organiic substances which are not stipulated in the standards, refer to the correspooling contenits in the soils of the Huabei Plain. Specific limits of the standards are presented in Tables 2-5-6 and 2-5-7. Table 2-5-6 Heavy Metal Limits in Soil Environmental Quality Standards mg/kg Item Hg As Cr Pb Cd Ni Zn j PH > 7.5 grade 1.0 20 250 350 0.6 60 300 B = | PH>6 5 grade 1.5 30 300 500 1.0 200 500 Table 2-5-7 TN, TP and Organic Substance Contents in Soils of the Huabei Plain mg /kg Item TP (ppm) TN (ppm) Organic substance ( %) . . lCommon . . om Range Rich soil soil Rich soil soil Content 440-1000 800-1100 350-650 1.1-11.5 1.5-1.0 2.5.5 Sediment environmental quality standards Sediment environmental quality standards will follow GB4284-84 Control Standards of the Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge. For TN, TP and organic substances which are not stipulated in the standards, refer to the corresponding contents in the soils of the Huabei Plain. For specific limits, refer to Table 2-5-8. Forecast and analysis of sediment EP toxicity will follow GB5085.3-1996 Standards for Identifying Dangelous Wastes - Identification of Leaching Toxicity, whose limits are shown in table 2-5-9. Table 2-5-8 Standards for the Control of Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge mg/kg dry sludge Item Hg As Cr Pb Cd Ni Zn Limit PH<6.5 5 75 600 300 5 100 500 PH 6.5 15 75 1000 1000 20 200 1000 Table 2-5-9 Standards for Assessing Leached Toxicity in Sludge mg/I Item i Hg As Cr Pb Cd6+| Ni Zn Standard 0.05 1.5 10 3 0.3 10 50  2.6 Assessment periods Assessment periods include constructioni and operation period. For the operation perliod, the assessment years are set for 2010 and 2020. 2.7 Safeguards policies Based on the relevant operational policies of the World Bank, special attentioll should be paid to public interests during the construction of a project. This is also a focus of tlhe environmental impacts assessment by the Environmental Assessment (EA) team. Furthermnore, the EA team has also screened each of the World Bank safeguards policies to determine their applicability in this EA. The result of this screeninlg is presented in Table 2-7-1. Table 2-7-1 Summary of Safeguard Policies Review No. Safeguards policics Screening result I Environmental Assessment Assessment of the impacts on the environment has bee carried out, environment assessment report has bcen drafted. environment management measures have been worked out and work is under way for their implementation. Dui Ulg environment assessment, we found that two projects had hidden environmental troubles in termis of site selection and had changed their original sites Besides, xvcve also adopted new sites which are good to the environment 2 Natural habitat The project involves part of the ancient lagoon wet land natural reserves in Beidagang, Tianjin. It is the habitat of birds and aquatic organisms. The implementation of the project will have positive effects on it and is good to the survival of the animals and plants there. 3 Involuntary Resettlement Detailed project-related residents' relocation plan and compensation measures have been worked out, which have been approved by residents 4 Indigenous People Not involved in this project. 5 Cultural property On-the-spot investigation and document inquiry by environiiment assessment experts, cultural relic scholars and historians about the regions involved in the project have confirmed that there arc no historic cultural rclics and legacy in the area of the protcct 6 Disputed area Not involved in this project 7 Dam safety Not involved in this project 8 International water Not involved in this project 9 Forest Not involved in this project 10 Pesticide management Not involved in this project  3. Haihe River Basin, Dagu Canal, Bohai Sea and Hangu Sewage Reservoir 3.1 The Haihe River Basin 3.1.1 General situation of the Haihe River Basin Having a total area of 318,000 km2, 165 million mu of the cultivated land and a total population of 122 million, the Haihe River Basin is bordered by the Bohai Sea to the east, the Yellow River to the soutlh, the Taihangshan Mountain to the west and the Inner- Mongolia Plateau to the north, covering eight provinces, municipalities and autonomous region, including Beijing, Tianj in, most part of the Hebei Provinice, easterni part of the Shanxi Province, northern part of the Shandong Province and Henan Province and a small part of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region and Liaoning Province (Figure 3. 1. 1-1). The Haihe river basin has three key water systems, namiiely, the Haihe River, Luanhe River and Tuhaimaxia River Systems. The Haihe River System, the dominant among the three, consists of the Jiyunhe River, Chaobaihe River, Beiyunhe River and Yongdinghe River of the northern system and the Daqinglhe River, Ziyahe River and Zhangweihe River of the southern system. The Luanhe River System includes the Luanhe River and the coastal rivers in the eastern part of the Hebei Province. The Tuhaimaxia River System is at the southern tip of the basin, being a plain river course that enters the sea alone. The Haihe River System passes through Tianjin municipal ity. During the 9th Five Year, the state initiated the "Three River and Three Lake" program and one of them is the water pollution prevention and control of the Haihe River Basin. Some of the components included in this project have been included in the Hai lie Rivelr Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plan of Tianjin. The water sources of the Haihe River Basin have the following features: (1) Per capita water resources are low. The amount of the water resources in the Haihe River Basin is 40.41 billion m3 while population in the region totals 120 million, whiclh accounts for 9.7% of the population of the whole country. Its arable land is 166 million mu, accounting for 10.8% of the national total. However, its water resources accounlt for only 1.5% of the country's total. Therefore, it is a region where water resources, population and arable land are rather unbalanced. The per capita and per mu water- quantity in the Haihe River Basin are 340 and 240m3, respectively, less than 1/6 anid 1/8 of their respective national average, being the last among the key basins of the COunltry. (2) Great changes in water quantity. The surface water resources in the basin mailly come from precipitation. The distribution of precipitation in a year is rathel- concentrated with 75% to 85% of yearly total occurring in the four months (June to September) of the flood season. On the other hand, many rivers will have no natrlal flows and become dry following the flood season. The flows of the various riveer systems in the basin experience great changes each year and between the years. Tlle ratio between a high flow year and a low flow year is as high as 10 to 25 times. Therefore, water is often discharged into the sea during a high flow year or even causes a flood disaster. During a low flow year, however, water stored in reservoirs is limited little and water supply is insufficient. The geographic distribution of water resources is also unbalanced. Often Areas with rich surface water also have rich groundwater, while plain areas not only have limited surface water resources but also insufficienit Ir'ritndlwater. Sinice nlain areas often have an aivanced econoynv. it adds to thr ;dlrc:idv  Inner Mongolia A . .\ . . . . . ....>.~~. ,.. . . . ....Q . . .. .. . .. . . . .. . XH ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Mai Sa Legend:T Academyof . . Reg . 4v-Type. V water.......... ...body Qai Bas ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ShanZdoN Prvincem, /**:Y // ( %t 7; S~Typ fV wtr/ body Scienceiiace A~~~ ~yeVwae oyFgr 3:-1-1'-1X Watean Wtr ).~ ~Tp V.iu water body Quait of th Haih RierBai  serious problem between supply and demand of water in the basin. (3) Distribution of water resources is unbalanced. Distribution of surface water anfc groulidwater in terms of region is rather unbalanced. Surface water is rich in the windwar-d slope of the Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain and gradually lowers in leeward areas and plain areas. The distribution of groundwater is also rathier- ulibalaniced, whose distribution is more or less the same as surface water (4) Development and utilization rate of water resources is high. The surface water- development and utilizationi rate in the whole basin has reachied 58% and that of groundwater is 73%. From 1953 to 1960, more than 20 big reservoirs and thousanlds ol small and medium-sized reservoirs were built, such as the Guantinig Reservoir, MiyLun Reservoi-, Huangbizhuang Reservoir, Gangnan Reservoir, WangkLual Reservoir-. Xidayang Reservori and Yuqiao Reservoir. In the meantime, big Yellow River Water Diversion for Irrigation projects were also built, such as the People's Victory Canal and Comimlunisimi Canal. After 1964, attention was paid to the dredging of the river CoLIrses at middle and lower reaches for preventing and fighting floods, and Ziyaxinhe River. Zlhangweixinhe River, Chaobaixinhe River and Yongdingxinhe River were opened up, \vhich changed the situation that the water systems would first converge In the main streamii of the Haihe River before emptying into the sea in the past. In late 1970s. Panjiakou Reservoir, Daheiting Reservoir, Luanhe River Water to Tianjil and Luanh1e River Water Diversion to Tangshan projects were built one after anothiel- to ease the contr-adiction between water supply and demand in Beijing, Tianjil and Tangshan Besides, key rivers have been equipped with check gates of various sizes, whlich contributes to the improvement in the capability of artificial control. 3.1.2 An introduction of Tianjin area in the Haihe River Basin 3.1.2.1 Natural environment of Tianjin (I) Geographical location Tianjin, one of the four municipalities directly under the centr-al goverinimlenit juLrisdiction, is a hub of sea and land transportation in northern China and the gateway to the nation's capital. It is located at the east of the Huabei Plain and on the lower reaches of the Haihe River basin, being at the foot of the Yanshan Mountain in the notlh and bordering on the Bohai Sea in the east. Its geographical coordinate lies between nol-til latitude 38