China - Second Anhui Provincial Highway Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 1 of 9) : Social appraisal report

E685 Vol. 1 Social Appraisal Report for World Bank Financed Anhui Ilighway Project 11 & Local Road Impromemcnt Program 2002/8114 Social Appraisal Report for Tongling-Tangkou Highway u under Anhui Highway Project II China Cross-cultural Center, Zhongshan University Guangzhou, China August 14, 2002  Social Appraisal Report for W\'orld Bank Financed Anhui llighway 1'roject 11 & Local Road Improvemcnt Program FOREWORD Entrusted by the World Bank Financed Project Execution Office (PEO) under the AnhiLI Provincial CommUnications Departnent (APCD), the CCCC at Zhongshan University conducted an independent social appraisal on the proposed "Anhui Provincial Highway II Project & Local Road Improvement Program". Six points (Do)ngnan Village under Yangtian Town and Yangrnei Village under Shaji Town in Qingyang City; Guang7ong Villcage under Datong Town in Tongling County; Slhan1gpo Village under Taipinghu Town, Changyuan Village under Tanjiaqiao Town and Shancha Village under Tangkou Town in Huangshani District) were selected as points of investment (POls) of the social appraisal for the main component of this Project. Five points (Toangle Village_under Sanxi Town and Yu Yillage under Yucun Township in Jiigde County, Ziyang Villaige under Huangcun Town in Jing County, Languan Village under llenigdu Town in Shitai County, Glianghua Village under Likou Town in Qimen County) were selected as POls of social appraisal for the subprojects. The siting for this social appraisal has fully taken into account the economic position, geographic location, traffic conditions, relations among ethnic groups and gender role of the affected groups within the directly and indirectly affected areas. See attached Figure I for the geographiic distribution of the POls. This time, 16 social appraisal experts organized into 4 groups went to 1 I POls in 7 counties from May 13 through May 26 and have collected the following data from the 1 5-day PRA. 1. Present natural, geographic, traffic, ecological environment and social/economic development situations of the major region of investigation; , 2. Present natural, geographic, traffic, ecological environment and social/economic development situations of cities, counties involved in this social appraisal; 3. Detailed natural, resource, economic and social situations of the townships/towins where POls are found; 4. Detailed information on geography, land resources, population, number of families, industrial structure, economic income and expenditires, differentiation in wealth and reasons therefor; traffic conditions, labor service export, education undertakings, medical treatment and health service, woman problem, ethnic groups, clans, etc. at the POls (Tongle Village and other 10 adniinistrative villages) and points of in-depth interview (Tangwai Team and 13 other villager teams); 5. Survey conducted with a semi-structured questionnaire on 374 families from the 14 villager teams, covering personal information of family members, economic income and expenditules, product structure, means of commi1uniications, labor service export, medical treatment, education, understanding of AHP2/HMP, attitudes to and expectations for land acquisition and migration arising from the Project; 6. In-depth interview with 57 families/individuals;  Social Akp praisal Report for \Vorld Bank Financed Anhui IIighwvay Project 11 & Local Road Improvement Program From May 26 thiough June 15, we made a collation, classification and analysis of the above data by inputting the questioninaires into a computer for statistics with SSPS software. Each team prepared its owIn subsection report and theni held a discussion meeting, on which basis the general report of social appraisal was completed. Thils social appraisal has been fully supported by APCD PEO and highway, communications departments of districts, cities and counties, as well as wholeheartedly aided by villagers at the 11 POls and their governing counity (district), township (town) governments. During the project design, Mr. Zhang Chaohua and Pendekur-specialists fiom the World Bank-offered precious suggestionis and opinions. We hereby devoutly acknowledge these efforts!  Social Appraisal Report for WVorld Bank Financed Anhui Highway Project 11 & Local Road Improvement Program however, some medical apparatus is outdated and unable to well meet the demand of medical treatmenit of local peasants. In addition, educational and medical expenses are on the higi side and unaffordable for peasants. 11. The concept of noble men and humble women is already unconspicuous in the affected areas, men and women tend to be equal in status. The amount of service export of women labors is higher and highier, who have widened their eyeshot and unchained their ideas than in the past. However, compared to men, women are still relatively disadvantaged. 12. The traffic conditions at the POls are universally underdeveloped and there exists a strong voice for traffic improvement, whether for the labor service export, small scale businesses or processing industry. 13. Issue sequencing by local peasants is a social appraisal method that effectively utilizes local knowledge, by which means we obtained the information unavailable from other technique. 14. Semi-structured questionnaire survey is essentially an integral part of social appraisal, the specific sampling plan this time is door-to-door interview at 1 I points chosen from 7 affected counties. 15. Specialized carriers, retailers and ordinary villagers direct benefits from the Project, woomen, childreni and all levels of local goverinment are indirect beneficiaries. 16. AHIP2 and HMP help solve iilminenit traffic demands in the affected areas. 17. AHP2 and HMP help enhance the local connections to the market, increase job opportunities and fuse the local agriculture into an integrated large market. 18. AHP2 and HMP help benefit villagers at the POls widely, without giving rise to wealth differentiation. 19 AHP2 and HMP help lift women's status. 20. The migration resettlement allowance and land compensation fee is expected by most to be made in currency, save that a few villagers hope to get compensated with farmiland and job arrangements. 21. Villagers universally worry that land compenisation fee and resettlement allowance might get withheld or embezzled, particularly that all taxes and duties would be directly deducted from such fee and allowance, and propose setting up a complaint hotline. 22. Give audience to various voices from peasants, give a comprehensive consideration thereto. Thoughts in different status, roles and strata shall be considered for a same issue. 23. Enilance the education on traffic safety instructions, take more safety measures. 4  Social Appraisal Report for World Bank Financed Anhui IIighway Project 11 & Local Road Improvement Program TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword Informative Abstract Chapter 1 Background of the Project and Its Social Appraisal 1.1 Project Overview 1.2 Social Appraisal Aspect of the Project 1.2.1 Significance and Target of Social Appraisal 1.2.2 Methodology of Social Appraisal 1.2.3 Operations of Social Appraisal 1.2.4 Data Sources Chapter 2 Introduction to the Affected Areas 2.1 Direct/Indirect Affected Areas under the Projects 2.2 Geographic Location, Historical Evolution and Human-cultural Characteristics of the Affected Areas 2.3 Economic and Traffic Conditions of the Affected Areas 2.4 Advantages of Natural and Human Resources at the Affected Areas 2.5 Direct/Indirect Beneficiaries of the Project Chapter 3 Present Situations and Existing Problems with Project Sections 3.1 Main Component of High-class Highway 3.1. I Road Traffic Facilities at the Affected Areas 3.1.2 Existing Problems 5  Social Appraisal Report for World Bank I inanced Anhui llighway Project 11 & Local Road Improvement Program 3.1.3 Necessity of Road Impr-ovement 3.1.4 Road Exit' Influence on Local Development 3.2 Local Road Improvemenit Program 3.2.1 Basic Information and Existing Problems 3.2.2 Necessity of Road Improvement Chapter 4 Basic Analysis of Points of Investigation 4.1 Classification of Industrial Structures at Points of Investigation 4.1.1 Rural Communities with Pillar Industry of Cereal Crops 4.1.2 Rural Communities with Leading Industries of Characteristic Cash Crops, Fishery and Livestock breeding 4.1.3 Rural Communities with Leading Industry of Tourism 4.2 Econoiic A nalysis of Points of Investigation 4 3 Wo mianl Proble m s at Points of Investigation 4.4 No Minority Probleim at Points of Investigatioin Chapter 5 Sequencing of Project-related Issues 5.1 Significance and Method of Issue Sequencing 5.2 Sequencinig on Wealth 5.2.1 Sequencing of Causes for Becoming Rich 5.2.2 Sequencinig of Causes of Poverty 5.2.3 Sequencing of Factors Restricting Local Economic Development 5.2.4 Sequencing of Positive Influences from the Project 5.2.5 Sequencing of Negative Influences from the Project 5.2 6 Sequencinig of Labor Productivity Chapter 6 Questionnaire Analysis under Social Appraisal 6.1 Introduction to Study  Social Appraisal Rcport for World Bank Financed Anhui Highway lProject 11 & Local Road Improvement Program 6.1.1 Objectives 6.1.2 Specifics 6.1.3 Methodology 6.1.4 Sampling Plan 6.1.5 Analysis Block Diagram 6.2 Questionnaire Analysis 6.2.1 Basic Information (Personal Features) of the Investigated 6.2.2 Economiiic Analysis of Investigated Families 6.2.3 Labor-service Export of Investigated Families 6 2.4 Household Possession of Vehicles and Traffic Satisfaction at Points of Investigation 6.2.5 Outgoing Frequency and Traffic Satisfaction of the Investigated 6.2 6 Coorrelationi between Occupation and Traffic Satisfaction 6.3 Local Social Situations 6.3.1 Local Education Receiving by Gender 6.3.2 Local Public's Attitude to the Project and Analysis of Medical Treatment 6.4 Attitude of the Investigated to and Expectations for Highway Project 6.4.1 Understanding of the Project by the Investigated 6.4 2 Econo mic Level and Expectations of the Investigated for Highiwvay Project 6.4.3 Attitude of the Investigated to the Project 6.4.4 Attitude of the Investigated to Land Acquisition and Resettlement 6.5 Conclusions of Qr. Analysis Chapter 7 Discussions 7.1 AIH1P2 and HMP Help Meet Iminilient Traffic Demands 7.2 Help Enhance Local Coninectionis to Market and Increase Job Opportunities 7.3 Help Solve Problem of Poverty 7.4 Benefit Villagers Universally to Eliminate Disparity in Wealth  Social Appraisal Report for World Bank F inanced Anhui llighway Project 11 & Local Road Improvement Program 7.5 Help Lift Women's Status 7.6 Help Train Children and Promote Secondary/Highier Education Chapter 8 Suggestions 8.1 Villagers' Suggestions 8 1.1 Settlement of and Compensate to Migrants 8.1.2 Granting of Settlement Allowance and Compensation 8.1.3 Suggestions on Highway Construction 8.1.4 Safety, Public Security and Other Issues during Road Construction 8.2 Township (Town) Governmenits Suggest Not Affecting the Development of Original Country Fairs 8.2.1 Add Land Acquisitioll Costs 8.2.2 Add Exits 8.2 3 Preferential Opportunities 8.2.4 Extract A Certain Percentage from Road/Bridge Tolls to Finaice the Economic Development along the Line 8 2.5 Well Handle Relations with Sectors Interested 8.3 Social Appraisal Team's Suggestions 8.3.1 Take Peasants' Interests Seriously 8.3.2 Co mpensation for Land Acquisition and Resettlement 8.3.3 Establish and Promote Beneficiaries' Participation System 8.3.4 Suggestions on Highway Constiuction and Development 8 3.5 Suggestions on Traffic Safety 8.3.6 Protection for Interests of the Poor and Women 8.3.7 Open Underground Passage where Appropriate 8.3.8 Address and Enhance Publicity to the Project Annexes Annex 1 List of Trainer Team at Qingyang for Social Appraisal under World Bank Financed  Social Appraisal Report for World Bank Financed Anhui llighway Project 11 & Local Road Improvement Program Anhui Tong-Tang Highway Project and Local Road Improvement Program Annex 2 List of SA Experts for World Bank Financed Anhui Tong-Tang High-class Highway Project and Local Road Improvement Program Annex 3 Outline for Interview with Village (Township) Cadres Annex 4 Outline for Personal Interview Annex 5 Outline for Forums Annex 6 Investigation Questionnaire for Social Appraisal under World Bank Financed Anhui Highiway Project 11  Social Appraisal Report for W\ orld Bank Financed Anhui Highway Project If & Local Road Improvement Program Chapter 1 Background of the Project and Its Social Appraisal 1.1 Project Overview The Tongling-Tangkou Highway is an integral part of the Tianjin-Shanwei Highway-a national key trunk line, the "one longitudinal line" in the main highway framework of Anhui Province, a traffic main artery that connects the "two mountains and a lake (Huangshan Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain, Taiping Lake)", a tourist hotline to some scenic spots (Huangshan Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain and Lushan MouLitain) and also an important componenit in the large tourist lines of "Huangshan Mountain-Qu Prefecture-Nanpinig" and "lHuangshan Mountain-Qiandao Lake-Wuyi Mountain". The Tong-Tang Highway begins at the Lu-Tong Highiway terminial under the south bank planninlg of the Yangtze River Bridge in Tongling, runs through Qingshan, east of Qingyang, Lingyalig Town, Taiping Lake Bridge, Heping, Zitongkeng and Caihongqiao, crosses Gantang-niorth gate of Huangslian Mountain Highway at Xiatanlgjia, then run1s southeast along the north of the Fengjing Reservoir through Shanigchangyuain, Tanjiaqiao, Shancha and Xiangxi, with a full route length of 118.62km. The whole line shall be subject to the 100km/h calculated driving speed and 26m wide roadbed; the 57.61 km Yangniei Village-Tangkou section shall be subject to the 80km/h calculated driving speed and 24.5m wide roadbed. According to the traffic planning of Anhui Province, the Tong-Tang Highway and subprojects will be financed by the World Bank and the construction is anticipated to commence in October 2003 and end in 2007 at an estimated investment of RMB 5.571 billion. 1.2 Social Appraisal Aspect of the Project The social appraisal for the Tong-Tang High-class Highway Project and Subprojects is a key link for the finalization of the Feasibility Study Report and an essential reference system for the World Bank before investment. The Anhui Provincial PEO entrusted CCCC to organize an expert panel and take full responsibility for the Project's social appraisal. 1.2.1 Significance and Target of Social Appraisal Significance of social appraisal: Social appraisal is a form of feasibility study, an essential condition for project design and implementationi and also a supplement to the economic, financial, environmental and technical analysis. Nothing can substitute social appraisal Target of social appraisal: to ensure social benefits on the investment, including social and cultural influences and potential problems in the region of investment, to eliminate or at least reduce negative social impacts, which will help clarify the project target; to give consideration to Ii)  Social Appraisal Report for World Bank Financed Anhui IIighway Project 11 & Local Road Improncment Program the affected poor population and support the disadvantaged groups, especially to fully guarantee the interests of minorities and women; to help establish institutionis, organizations and systems that offer opportunities of participation, to enilance the communication and understandinig between the project investors and interest groups, to enhance the information sharing and participation; and to help establish a foundation for social supervision and evaluation Target of this social appraisal: to understand the influences of the Project on the social, cultural features and potentials in the directly/indirectly affected areas; to be concerned about the outgoing demand of ordinary peasants and residents, including how they'd manage to satisfy their own traffic demands, what about their preferred demands during the construction and improvement of the highiway network; to be also concerned about the differentiation of families in transportation due to the difference in division of labor among men and women, and to get a certain awareness of the advantages and problems of social, economic developmenit within the affected areas. 1.2.2 Methodology of Social Appraisal The expert panel from CCCC applied PAR and anthropologic fieldwork to the social appraisal for the Tong-Tang High-class Highway Project and Local Road Improvement Program. PRA is a method in which residents at rural comilmunities within the affected areas participate and the information concerning and serving them is collected. This is also a community development method that relies completely oni local knowledge, leadership, organizations and resources to promote the rural development. Members of the panel may suggest or request local residents to provide communiity maps, social maps, resource transition maps, seasonal charts, as well as data related to the local historical evolution or current social, economic situations, etc. Fieldwork is a basic research method in anthropology, in which researchers visit the communiity conceriled, live along with natives for a period and directly participate in and observe the local life, production and ceremoniies, etc. It is a method combining emic/etic study organically that is good to understandinig the practical living conditions and real ideas of study objects. Meanwhile, the methiod of questionnaire survey is also used in this social appraisal based on the "Semi-structured lnvestigation Questioimiaire of Social Appraisal for the Anhui Highway Project If and Subprojects" designed by CCCC in advance. The questionnaire analysis helps complement the data collected via PRA and fieldwork. 1.2.3 Operations of Social Appraisal CCCC at Zhongshani University organized a social appraisal teani in mid May 2002 and designed the "Investigation Outline for Social Appraisal of Anhui Highway Project II & Subprojects" (see Annex 3), "Investigation Questionnaire" (see Annex 6) and flow chart of investigationi for social appraisal based on the World Bank's requirements and practical situations at the affected areas. Prior to the investigation, literatures on the 11 selected POIs had been collected and analyzed. The social appraisal expert panel gave traininig courses to persons (see Annex 1) concerned from APCD, PEO and each county (district) at Qingyanig City in Anhum from May 13 through 14 Then, the experts went to the II POls from May 16 through 26 for an I 1-day social investigation as per  Social Appraisal Rcport for World Bank Financed Anhui Highway Project 11 & Local Road Improvement Program the flow chart of appraisal: discussion with (district) county, township/town and village cadres-) drawing maps (communiity map, social map, seasonal activity chart, daily life & product chart in busy and slack seasons, resource distribution map, resource change map and outgoing frequency chart, etc.)->sequencing (including sequencing of favorable and unfavorable influences fi-om the major project and subprojects, sequencinig of factors affecting the local economic development, sequencing of beneficiary groups and labor productivity, etc.) -door-to-door Qr. survey) door-to-door in-depth interview. During the investigation, all levels of government at counties, township, villages concerned and local masses offered great support and aid, enabling this social investigation to be successfully completed within the expected tine frame. During this Investigation, 374 effective questionnaires, 220 maps/charts of all kinds and 57 cases of in-depth interview Case 57 were collected in total. During the door-to-door interview, the SA team refused to be accompanied by local government officials but retained some local villagers as guides and interpreters instead to dispel peasants misgiving and understanid their true ideas, requiremiienits to the greatest extent. On villager forums and during the issue sequencinig, the form of anonymous meeting was adopted as an internationial practice. 1.2.4 Data Sources The data used as reference for this report falls into the following categories: (I) Official statistical data and APCD-provided data. "Chinese Statistical Yearbook", "Statistical Yearbook of Anhui Province", "Feasibility Study Report for Tongling-Tangkou Highway Project", statistical statements compiled by investigated counties (districts), townships/towns and villages. (2) Local annals: "Aninals of Jingde County", "Annals of Shitai City", "Annals of Qingyanig City", etc. (3) Fieldwork data We use the above refereiices in strict accordance with the following principles: (1) use statistical data as up-to-date as possible; (2) at the village level, try to use firsthand statistical data from fieldwork to ensure the objectiveness and accuracy; and (3) for the analysis and discussion of any issue, opinions and views fiom peasants and all levels of local government and organizations are integrated to provide comprehenisive and essential information. 12  Social Appraisal Report for WVtorld Bank Financed Anhui llighwaay Project 11 & Local Road Improvement Program Chapter 2 Introduction to the Affected Areas 2.1 Direct/Indirect Affected Areas under the Projects Anhui Province, Wan for short, is situated in the hinterland of East China, neighboring on Jiangsu, Zhejiang to the east, Hubei, Henan to the west, bordering on Jiangxi to the south and Shandong to the north. As a offshore land-locked region, the Province lies between 29024'34039' North Latitude and l 14