Cambodia - Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project (Vol. 10 of 23) : Initial environmental impact assessment report - Boeung Trakunn (M12)

E687 Volume 10 Department of Potable Water Supply Ministry of Industry, Mining and Energy (MIME) Phnom Penh, Royal Kingdom of Cambodia Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Royal Kingdom of Cambodia Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Report Boeung Trakunn (M12) District of Thma Pourk Banteay Meanchey Province DRAFT, December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Boeung Trakunn (M12), Banteay Meanchey TABLE OF CONTENTS PROJECT SUMMARY I INTRODUCTION ......................... 1-1 1 1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT ........ .. ..... 1-1 1 2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ........ ........ .... ..... . .. . . ... 1-2 1 3 INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK .....................12. .............. .... . ....... .. 1-2 2 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT ........................ 2-1 2 1 OBJECTIVES . . .. . 2-1 2 2 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ................... ....... . ................... .. 2-1 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................... 3-1 3 1 SERVICE AREA . . . . 3-1 3.2 SUMMARY OF INFRASTRUCTURE. ......... . . 3-1 3.3 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ... .. .. . . . 3-3 3.4 PROJECT PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION . ... .................... 3-3 4 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ............. 4-1 4.1 PHYSICAL RESOURCES . . . .4-1..... ... .... .................................. ...... . . 4-1 4 2 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES ... . .. ... .. .. .... . ........... . 4-4 4.3 SOCIO-ECONOMICAL RESOURCES ........ ... 4-4 5 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .5-1 5.1 GENERAL ................................ .... . . . . .. . .. ..................... .. 5-1 5.2 CONSULTATIONS WITH THE PROSPECTIVE USERS. . ... .. ... .. 5-2 5.3 WILLINGNESS-TO CONNECT (WTC).... . . ........................................ . 5-2 6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS .6-1 6 1 METHODOLOGY ................................................. ........... . .. 6-1 6 2 PRE-CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS . . .6-2 6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DURING PROJECT CONSTRUCTION ..... . 6-3 6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING PROJECT OPERATION . ........... 6-3 6.5 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ...... ........ ... ... 6-4 7 ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL VALUE ................................. 7-1 7 1 GENERAL .. 7-1 7.2 FINANCIAL DATA ................. . ........... .. ..........................-1. ..... 7-1 8 .ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ....................... 8-1 8.1 INTRODUCTION .................... ...................... 8-1 8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN ..... .................... 8-1 -8 3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN . .......... .................... 8-1 8.4 RESPONSIBILITIES ..............8.....-1.. ............................................ . . ... ....8-1 9 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY .. 9-1 10 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ...................... 10-1 I1 PRINCIPAL REFERENCES ...................... 11-1 .lp.wIMain text (DRAFT) I December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Boeung Trakunn (M12), Banteay Meanchey LiST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 - Location map of the project area .................................. 1-1 Figure 1-2 - Applied EA Process .... ................ ..................................... . .. ..... .. 1-3 Figure 3-1 -, Proposed service area and infrastructure (DRAFT) .................... .............. 3-2 Figure 4-1 - Geological provinces ...................................................... 4-2 LIST OF TABLES Table 3-1 - Summary of proposed infrastructural works .......................................... 3-1 Table 4-1 - General climate conditions in Cambodia .......................................... 4-3 Table 6-1 - Summary matrix of Environmental Issues/Impacts ............... .. ..... .... .. 6-1 Table 8-1 - Environmental Mitigation Plan . .......................... ................... 8-2 Table 8-2 - Environmental Monitoring Plan .. ... ... 8-3 LIST OF ANNEXES Annex I - List of EA preparers Annex II - WTC Process documentation Annex IlIl - Proof of social acceptability Annex IV - Applied Water Quality Standards Annex V - Accountability statement of project owner ..IV IVMain text (DRAFT) 1 December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Boeung Trakunn (M12). Banteay Meanchey LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DBL Design/Build/Lease DD Detailed Design DPWS Department of Potable Water Supply DPWT Department of Public Works and Transport (Municipality) EA Environmental Assessment EEA Environmental Examination Application EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMiP Environmental Mitigations Plan (part of an EMP) EMoP Environmental Monitoring Plan (part of an EMP) EMP Environmental Management Plan FS Feasibility Study FT Fraser Tomas (Engineering Consultants) GHD Gutteridge, Haskins & Davey (Engineering Consultants) IEIA Initial Environmental Impact Assessment JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LCPSS Low Cost Pilot Sewerage System Lpcd Liters per capita per day Mg/l Milligrams per liter MIME Ministry of Industry, Mines, and Energy MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoE Ministry of Environment MPP Municipality of Phnom Penh MWRM Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology MPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transport NGO Non Governmental Organization PCD Pollution Control Department (Ministry of Environment) PG Provincial Government PMU Project Management Unit PO Project Owner PPWSA Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority PPUWSSP Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project RGC Royal Government of Cambodia ToR Terms of Reference TSS Total Suspended Solids WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WSS Water Supply and Sanitation WTC Willingness to Connect .IAWMain text (DRAFT) m December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Boeung Trakunn (M12), Banteay Meanchey PROJECT SUMMARY General The purpose of the Environmental Assessment is to identify and evaluate the significance of any potential environmental impacts on the proposed construction and development program for a new water supply system for Boeung Trakunn (District of Thma Pourk, Banteay Meanchey Province) and to recommend avoidance, preventive and mitigation measures to ensure that residual environmental impacts are acceptable and are within the applicable limitation standards prescribed by the Ministry of Environment and the World Bank. The Local Government of Boeung Trakunn has initiated the current project, with support of the Provincial Government of Banteay Meanchey and the Department of Potable Water Supply (DPWS) of MIME. The actual 'Project Owner' is the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy. Project description Based upon the evaluation of the various options for a possible water supply scheme, MIME, with support of the Engineering Consultants GHD/FT, has prepared a viable project proposal. The project will provide piped water supply for a population estimated at 2,716 persons (492 households), with service initially to some 51 to 60 percent of the population within the service area at 40 I/cd, increasing to 60 I/cd and serving 90 percent of the population in the service area. Preliminary calculations indicate a required water dearridn (ADP) of 260 m3/day. The water source will be groundwater through 2 deep bores. The necessary treatment will be applied to comply with Cambodian drinking water quality standards. The treatment plant will be located on the land identified by the Commune to the south of the NPA development area. Treatment comprises aeration, chemical dosing and sedimentation, slow sand filter and disinfection. Water will be pumpd from a Clearwater tank through a booster pump into the system. A single metered connection wil be provided to each house, where it is assumed that household "water jar" storage will continue to be used. No resettlement will be required. -AIF Main text (DRAFT) Iv December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Boeung Trakunn (M12), Banteay Meanchey Land Acquisition The scheme is based on the treatment plant being located on the land to the south of the new NPA settlement area Identified as being available for the scheme. This has been adopted not only because it is readily available but also it is in the general vicinity of the geo-resistivity survey arrays identifying the best groundwater targe zones. An alternative with the treatment plant relocated at the bore-field has been examined as a desk study This appears to show a worthwhile saving in costs however the land in question has yet to be de-mined and so it has not been possible to confirm the suitability of the suggested site. This option could be left to a future Contractor to evaluate, on the basis that the Contractor would have to acquire the land (with suitable safeguards to ensure the purchase occurred at market rates) and offer an appropriate reduction in tariff. The land for the proposed wells and pumping stations should be purchased (or made available by the Commune) with official documentation as soon as the locations of wells are confirmed by the private operator. The treatment plant will be established on the land identified by the Commune, behind the existing Commune office. The land to be purchased is estimated at .....m2. The acquisition of land will be facilitated by MIME as part of their responsibility to the project. If possible, the PMU representative will facilitate the issuance of "Deed of Donation" or statements on the willingness to sell prior to the construction to avoid any conflict with the lot owner. Consultations After series of meetings/consultations with concerned Provincial Government Officials of the Banteay Meanchey Province and the local officials and residents of Boeung Trakunn, the Project was approved and endorsed. Overall, the project is perceived to be of great help to the community since it will significantly improve the quality of the drinking water supply and public health conditions by reducing common cases of water borne diseases (diarrhea, gastroenteritis and parasitism). The project will further stimulate socio-economic growth through increase in the number of commercial and economic activities thus adding revenue to the community. The Willingness to Connect (WTC) indicated that ??? of the ??? households within the service area of Boeung Trakunn approved a tariff of 2425 Riel/m3. Environmental Management Plan To mitigate possible general adverse environmental impacts (e.g. drainage, sanitation, damage to soils and water and economic losses), discussions are held with all major stakeholders. The findings and conclusions on the actions to be taken have been summarized in an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), including: * An Environmental Mitigation Plan (EMiP), outlining the measures to be taken to mitigate adverse environmental impacts; * An Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP), defining the environmental parameters to be observed and reported; * Overview if the implementation arrangements, defining the responsibilities and timing. 1l1111Main text (DRAFT) v December 2002  Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Boeung Trakunn (M12), Banteay Meanchev Monitoring arrangements MIME will have the overall responsibility for the proper implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). Upon the signing of the DBL contract, the Project Management Unit (PMU) will proceed with the necessary steps for the environmentally sound construction and operation of the water supply system, as defined in the EMP. During the construction phase, PMU will be responsible for securing that proper measures are taken by the different contractors. The PMU will inform DPWS/MIME if violations occur, and appropriate actions will be taken. Moreover, DPWS/MIME staff will carry out control inspection during their regular visits to the Provinces. During operation of the water supply system, the Contractor and the PMU will have the main responsibility for the proper implementation of the monitoring plan. The monitoring data will be well documented and be available with the Contractor and PMU for consultation and inspection. Brief quarterly monitoring reports will be submitted to DPWS/MIME and the Ministry of Environment, including: Presentation of the collected data; Discussion of the compliance and non-compliance to the EMP; and Conclusion and Recommendation. Regular annual monitoring reports will be submitted to the World Bank during the operation phase. The environmental data will be available with the DPWS/MIME and the Contractor for consultation and inspection. -AlPMain text (DRAFT) vI December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME I PPWSA I WB) Boeung Trakunn (M12), Banteay Meanchey Environmental Mitigation Plan (EMiP) for Boeung Trakunn, Banteay Meanchey Phase Mitigation measures Responsibility Schedule Pre- * Lack of control of water source Acquire land MIME, World Bank Prior to DBL construction directly around the facilities (or secure a Contracts possible purchase), * Reduction in flow Locate the well in an area where other water users are not affected * Disturbance of land use and economic activities Usage of public areas, Provision for proper compensation Construction * Disturbance of land use due to Operator, with Continuous drilling/construction Minimize impacts, supervision of during Restore damages MIME consultant construction * Loss of natural vegetation: Replanting of phase affected areas * Disturbance of stream channels, aquatic plant and animal habitats Erosion and sedimentation control * Soil and water contamination (e g spilling of oil products and other construction materials) Control (collection, disposal) of waste water * Hindrance (noise, air pollution, traffic, etc) due to drilling/construction activities Minimize hindrance, Usage of main roads when possible. * Soil erosion and compaction Proper runoff and erosion control measures, Heavy traffic restrictions * Safety hazards Proper safety and warning measures, Provision of temporary crossings/bridges; Public information campaign Operation * Public health hazards due to increase of Operator, with To be wastewater Support the construction of supervision of determined proper on-site sanitary facilities (if lacking), MIME during feasibility Improve storm drainage system for sullage, study * Contamination of the groundwater: Acquire and fence a protection zone directly around the well, Regulate potential polluting activities in recharge zone; Monitor water level and groundwater abstraction. * Lowered groundwater table. Space wells at larger distances, Avoid over-abstraction and consequent lowering of groundwater table, Calculate safe yield (abstraction), Assure/proof that other water users are not affected * Increase of noise. Usage of electrical submersible pumps, Construction of pumping house Abandoning * Water availibility keep traditional water phase sources available ..lvMain text (DRAFT) vil December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA I WB) Boeung Trakunn (M12), Banteay Meanchey Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) for Boeung Trakunn, Banteay Meanchey Phase Monitoring activities Responsibility Implementation Pre- * Land acquisition Check if the MIME, World Bank Prior to DBL Contract construction required land has been acquired properly, or that a proper "Deed of Sale/Donation" has been prepared * Resettlement and Compensation If applicable, check if proper arrangments are made and documented Construction * Hindrance to local population Operator, with Continuous, through Noise, air pollution (odor, TSP, fume supervision of MIME regular construction emissions), land damage, traffic consultant supervision * EMP compliance of the contractors Erosion control, vegetation protection, soil and water contamination * Safety precautions of contractors Conform professional standards * Sanitary control Proper construction of on-site facilities, Proper construction of sullage drainage system Operation * Quality of distributed water. conform Operator, with Regular, according to official standard procedures supervision of MIME professional standards (microbiology, standard parameters, Arsenic, heavy metals), * Groundwater resources water level (2 X per month (after pumping recovery period), operation of pumps (abstraction). Abandoning * None phase -1111Main text (DRAFT) viii December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME/ PPWSA/WB) Boeung Trakunn (M12), Banteay Meanchey I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Project The 'Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation' project (PPUWSSP) is being prepared and implemented by the Department of Potable Water Supply (DPWS) of the Ministry of Industry, Mining and Energy (MIME), and the Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority (PPWSA), Kingdom of Cambodia The PPUWSSP is financed through a loan from the World Bank. The MIME component aims at financing water supply and sanitation projects targeting provincial towns and district towns that express demand for improved services and low- income communities in urban centers. It finances investments that (i) respond to what consumers want and are willing to pay, (ii) facilitate and develop private sector participation in financing, operating and maintaining constructed facilities, while designing specific instruments that ensure inclusion of low income communities residing in the service areas. Upon the request of the local governments, the town of Boeung Trakunn, Province of Banteay Meanchey (Figure 1-1), has been included in the first batch of the project. Boeung Trakunn has expressed its interest in the project as it does not have a proper water supply system yet. During the dry season, serious water shortages occurs. Figure 1-1 - Location map of the project area ... . ~~ -9. \ S ' ~- Ou Smach*(4) .- The purpose of the present Initial Environmental Impact Assessment (IEIA) is to identify possible environmental and social impacts arising from the proposed construction and development of a piped water supply system for Boeung Trakunn, Province of Banteay Meanchey (M12). i0>tMain text (DRAFT) 1-1 December 2002  Provincial and Pen-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Boeung Trakunn (M12), Banteay Meanchey As described below, many sections of the current report have been obtained from the Feasibility Study reports, prepared by the Engineering Consultant GHD/FT 1.2 Environmental Assessment The EA has been prepared in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry of Environment (MoE, see also section 1 3), combined with World Bank guidelines on Environmental Assessment. Both within the Cambodian and the World Bank regulatory framework an environmental clearance is required before the project implementation can start. Environmentally sound practices have been incorporated in the project planning and design, and possible negative impacts have been identified to be mitigated to acceptable levels. The EA was carried out by a technical team, comprising of engineers and environment specialists (See Annex I - List of EA preparers). Multiple consultations with the staff of MIME, Provincial Government, Commune chiefs, and the local beneficiaries were conducted in order to solicit their comments, reactions and finally seek their proper approval and endorsement of the proposed project (see Annex II - VVTC Process documentation and Annex IlIl - Proof of social acceptability). Desk research was carried out through obtaining available data about the physical, socio-economic, environmental characterization, political profiles from the Engineering Consultants GHD/FT. Data were also gathered and reviewed from the national line agencies/offices such as Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), and Ministry of Environment (MoE). These available reports/literatures and other materials relevant to the conduct of the Environmental Assessment report were compiled and reviewed. Aside from data gathering activities, actual interview and constant coordination with the members of the Provincial Management Unit (PMU) at the Provincial and Municipal/City levels were carried out to gather first hand information/data. 1.3 Institutional and legal framework Overall management of the environment lies with the Ministry of Environment (MoE), which was created in 1993. The MoE has wide responsibilities, which are spelled out in the Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Management. At the provincial and city levels, there are corresponding Provincial/City Environment Departments. These local departments have the responsibility of enforcing the environmental legislation coming under the competence of the MoE. However, the daily operational functions of these departments would normally come under the direct control of the provincial/city authorities. The objectives of-the framework Law are to protect environmental quality through the prevention, reduction and control of pollution, to establish an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system, to ensure sustainable use of natural resources, to encourage public participation and to suppress acts which are harmful to the environment. .4IFMain text (DRAFT) 1-2 December 2002  Provincial and Peri-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Royal Kingdom of Cambodia (MIME / PPWSA / WB) Boeung Trakunn (M12). Banteay Meanchey The framework Law calls for an EA to be conducted for every private or public project, to be reviewed by the Ministry of Environment before submission to the Government for a final decision. All proposed and existing activities are to be covered under this requirement. Sub-decrees are anticipated to provide for the finer details of the system. The Sub-degree on Environmental Impact Assessment Process, which was issued in December 1999, details specific procedures to be followed and the nature and size of projects which are required to submit ElAs. The Cambodian EIA requirements for water supply projects start with 10,000 users. Based on the above mentioned documents, the MoE have drafted flowcharts showing the EIA procedure to be applied. For the present project, with MIME being the Project owner, the applied process is shown in Figure 1-2. Fi ure 1-2 - A lied EA Process EIA Process for Proposed Project Approved by Project's Owner as Ministry and Institution 30 days 30 days P Sumits PO Revises IEIA P0Sbmits to IA EPA & EIA ccreprtorPrpae IEI Su otr0 eie PO Approvail mieei Rep tort MoEIr EIA Report to MoE . r s , ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IEIRAe