China - Third Inland Waterways Project : environment impact assessment (Vol. 1 of 3) : Xiangjiang Waterway Construction and Development Project : Zhuzhou navigation complex - environmental action plan (revised)

E426 Volume 1 (revised) Data (5) Submitted to the World Bank World Bank Loan Project: China Inland Waterway III XiangJiang Waterway Construction & Development Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project Environmental Action Plan Hunan Provincial Communications Department January 2001 FILE C ln0PY  ZNCP Environmental Action Plan Content Preface 1. Goal of Environmental Protection 2. Environmental Protection Measures 3. Institutional Arrangement for Environmental Protection 4. Environmental Training 5. Environmental Monitoring 6. Time Schedule for Enforcement of Environmental Action Plan Attachments: List 1. Environmental Action Scheme for The ZNCP; List 2. Environmental Action Scheme for Hengshan Dock Project; List 3. Environmental Action Scheme for Waterway Dredging Project; Map 1. Sketch Map of Xiangjiang Waterway Construction & Development; Map 2. Distribution of Main Pollution Sources and Water Sampling Locations; Map 3. General Layout for Kiloton-class Waterway Dredging Project and Distribution of Monitoring Points for Water Quality and Bottom Sludge; I  ZNCP Environmental Action Plan Preface Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project (ZNCP) includes three subprojects, namely, Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project, Waterway Dredging Project for River Segment Between Xiangtan and Zhuzhou and Hengshan Kiloton- class Dock Project. Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute worked out Environmental Impact Assessment on Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project (EIA), which made a detailed description and assessment on environmental impact in the construction phase and operating phase for this project. Implementation Program of Environmental Action for this project is made on the basis of the EIA. A plan is put forward for the work management and monitoring enforcement for this project. Regarding environmental action work for the ZNCP, the principle of Putting prevention first, Combining prevention and cure, Strengthening the management in order to promote pollution control, Whoever pollutes the environment must be responsible should be worked out and obeyed according to the project features and the present situation of regional environment. As a result, we can control and gradually eliminate environmental pollution due to the construction of this project so as to protect environment in the regions involved with this project. 2  ZNCP Environmental Action Plan 1. Goal of Environmental Protection 1.1 Water Environment Wastewater from stone and sand processing, domestic sewage, channel dredging and oily wastewater discharge will cause pollution to river water in the construction phase and operating phase of this project. Water pollution must be controlled. In addition, regional hydrology change will also cause pollution to water in the operating phase. This pollution must be controlled too so that water environmental quality can reach the requirements of regional waters. Main objectives for water Environmental Action include water quality at intakes for Hengshan County Waterworks and Shiwan Waterworks. 1.2 Air Environment Earth and stone excavation, piling and transportation of building materials etc. will cause dust in the construction phase of this project. The dust must be so controlled that regional air environmental quality can reach the second- class standard specified in Quality Standard for Environmental Air (GB3095-96). 1.3 Acoustic Environment Construction machinery, handling machines at port and material transportation will produce uncontinuous noise, which has an impact on environment. Noise level must be controlled within national standard or specific trade standard. 1.4 Ecological Environment Regional land utilization pattern will be changed due to the construction of Zhuzhou navigation complex. Vegetation will be destroyed and soil erosion will become more serious. In addition, living conditions of aquatic bioses (such as fish) will be changed. We must minimize, however, on the basis of the principle of Active prevention and cure, Appropriate treatment, the impact of the project on regional ecology around the reservoir. Besides, aquatic cultivation should be actively developed so as to protect the fishery resources in the river. Main objective for ecological protection is fishery resources in the reservoir. 3  ZNCP Environmental Action Plan 2. Environmental Protection Measures According to the nature of the project and the analysis of environmental impacts regarding Zhuzhou Complex, upon the completion, the Complex will mainly have favorable impacts on the surrounding environment. However, unavoidably, it will cause certain adverse impacts on the environment during its construction and operation phases. These adverse impacts could be avoided or remedied by taking remedial or technical measures, thus bringing the Complex into full play to create economic, social and environmental benefits and minimize the adverse impacts. 2.1 Environmental Protection Measures for the ZNCP 2.1.1 Design Phase 1) Flood Prevention in the Reservoir Area Select correctly the address of the dam, the type of the dam, the style of flood discharge, the width of overflow edge and the normal storage level so as to reduce the loss of inundation and avoid influencing flood prevention in reservoir area. In order to reduce the inundated area and not to influence the flood protection in the reservoir area, general layout and normal storage level has been carefully studied and demonstrated during project design. Overflow leading edge has been widened. Height of bed sill for overflow gate is lowered as far as possible (near original riverbed elevation). Therefore, a low and open gate dam is formed. During flood discharge, Flow State of flood will approach the Flow State of natural water. Normal storage level of the reservoir is 40.5m. Water level in the upstream of the dam will be limited within the flood banks. 2) Embankment Protection During the design phase, geological survey is required for the embankment protection in order to confirm the locations of embankment with potential hazard of permeation, which shall be treated accordingly. At the same time, measures like laying stones, building slopes and growing grass are taken to harden some soft and cragged banks. 3) Water Discharge Facilities In the design, the inundated water discharge sluice, flood discharge channels and electrical drainage facilities will be renovated and improved before water is filled into the reservoir. 4  ZNCP Environmental Action Plan 4) Field Protection: Before water is filled into the reservoir, flood discharge channels will be built or renovated, new electrical pumping station built and various plans improved. The follow-up supportive work will be seen to. 5) Ecological Protection Efforts will be strengthened in afforestation in the reservoir area to increase the area of vegetation coverage and prevent the loss of water and soil and promote ecological agriculture. 6) Preservation of Cultural Relics In the phase of designing, the department of relic preservation will make an investigation in the would-be inundated area. If such dangers are detected, measures should be taken immediately at the designing stage. 7) Protection of the Species of Fish On the basis of the Dayuandu breeding program, the number of fish fry releasing locations and times will be increased. The environmental action plan will be carefully worked out so as to reduce the bad effect of the project on environment. 2.1.2 Construction Phase 1) Dust Control a) Concrete mixing building and cement stack yard should be located on the leeward of the construction site. Besides, there must be no residential area in the neighborhood within 300m. b) For the roads, on which many trucks and cars drive, water must be sprinkled on the road to control dust. c) Construction machinery must slow up over the roads, where dust can raise easily. 2) Preventive Measures for Wastewater in Construction Site a) Living quarters for constructors must be dispersed so as to reduce the central wastewater discharge. b) The domestic sewage from construction sites must be treated by the septic tanks first and then discharged to embedded sewage processors for final disposal in compliance with the standards. 5  Z1VCp Environmental Action Plan c) Machine repair shop must be located at the downstream of construction site. Oil-water separator should be installed in the machine repair shop. Oily wastewater shall be discharged only after treatment. d) Wastewater used for washing away sediments of the concrete system should be reused instead of discharged after being precipitated. 3) Preventive Measures for Noise Control During Construction. a) Noise in mainly produced by construction machinery. It mainly has an effect on the constructors. Work schedule should be properly arranged for the constructors during construction. High noise-contact time should be shortened as far possible. Besides, living quarters for constructors must be far away from high noise work-site as far as possible. b) Construction machinery must be rationally selected. Low noise equipment should be used as far as possible. Preventive maintenance should be often made for the construction machinery during construction so as to avoid the noise increase due to equipment performance drop. Noise insulation and elimination measures should be taken for the generators. Besides, the generators must be far away from dense-population zone. c) For some construction machinery whose noise level is above 9OdB(A), for example, pilling machine, pneumatic hammer and rock drill etc, work schedule should be properly arranged, besides, night construction should be reduced as far as possible. d) Blast should be performed at daytime. Blast should be avoided from 18:00 to 7:00 (next morning). 4) Solid Waste Disposal a) Domestic garbage in construction sites shall be jointly collected and transported to garbage processing station at Zhuzhou for disposal. b) Construction waste soil and stones shall be transported to and stockpiled at the nearest residue-disposal site. Three special waste soil stockpiling sites with a total area of 477,900 m2 will be constructed at the both banks of the Dam site. 5) Farm land protection measures ZNCP will inundate farm land of 20,142 mu at the reservoir area, 17,339 mu of which could be protected by taking the following proper protection 6  ZVCP EnvironmentalAction Plan measures: (refer to the Reservoir Re-building & Protecting Project Plan Special Report for details) * To construct drainage channel: the ponding water in farm fields will be drained to the river at the Dam's downstream through drainage channel; * To raise the farm land: farm fields will be raised to over 41.0m; (practical for the areas with low water level discrepancy between outer and inner banks or the areas with great permeability) * To drain out ponding water: Ponding water inside the farm fields will, be forcedly drained out with pumps; (practical for areas with high water level discrepancy between outer and inner banks or the areas with low permeability) The major protection measures for farmland are listed as below: Major Protection Measures for Farm Land at Reservoir Area Protection Location To-be-Inundated area (mu) Protection Method Protection Area (mu) 1. Sanmen Town 5,973 Drainage channel 5,358 & raising 2. Longchuangang 1,385 Raising & draining 1,290 3. Zhuting Town 2,066 Raising & draining 1,634 4. Gantian Village 1,872 Raisina & draining 1,619 5. Zhaoling Village 2,220 Raising & draining 2,095 a) Farmland Protection in Sanmen Town 5973 mu of farmlands will be inundated. Because the elevation of these farmlands are low, it is unsuitable to use earth-filling method. Thereby, other engineering measure shall be taken. According to the geographic location and topography of the inundated farmlands, two sluices (They are originally used to discharge water into Xiangjiang River) are closed. Discharge canal will be built for shoaly land at Jiapochong to discharge water from shoaly land into Sanmenhe. then Sanmen discharge canal will be built to discharge water from Sanmen Catchment Area to Xiangjiang River. A new large- scale drainage sluice will be built at the outlet of Sanmen discharge canal. Finally, 5358 mu of farmland will be protected. b) Farmland Protection in Longchuangang Longchuangang is about 21km away from the dam site. 1385 mu of farmlands will be inundated under normal water storage level. Elevation of most of inundated farmland is above 38.5m and elevation of other inundated farmland is below 38.5m. According to our comparison, the improvement scheme integrating earth filling with drainage is feasible. Firstly fill the farmland whose elevation is between 38.5 and 41.Om with earth until its elevation becomes 41.0m.Then properly recover original road, bridge and irrigation & drainage network. Besides, straighten original channels and 7  ZNCP Environmental Action Plan ditches. Finally, flood is collected at the channel and discharged into Xiangjiang through Longchuangang sluice. After above measures are taken, 1290 mu of farmland will be protected. Also, cultivation water surface area will be increased by 255 mu. (c) Farmland Protection in Zhuting Town Zhuting Town stream is a first-grade branch of Xiangjiang River and is 38 km away from the dam site. 2066 mu of farmlands will be inundated under normal water storage level. Two towns and four villages are involved. The elevation of most farmland is above 38.5m while part of them is under 38.5m. According to geographic location and topography of the inundated farmland, a scheme of integrating elevation and drainage will be used. Drainage method is used for most of inundated farmland within original subdyke. Other farmland will be elevated to reach the design elevation by filling earth. After that, 1634 mu of farmland will be protected as well as cultivation area of water surface will be increased by 386 mu. d) Farmland Protection in Gangtian Village Gangtian stream is located on the right bank of Xiangjiang River and is about 19 km away from the dam site. 1872 mu of farmland will be inundated under normal water storage level. Gangtian stream has intact dykes. Inundated farmlands are mainly located on the left bank of Gangtian stream. Thereby, a scheme integrating elevation (by filling earth) with drainage will be adopted. A flood-relief canal will be built outside the farmland protection zone on the left bank of Gangtian stream. It is used to discharge the torrential flood. Besides, a pump station and a drainage ditch will be build inside the farmland protection zone. They are used to discharge the flood and water. Original dyke will be reinforced. Farmland on the right bank of Gangtian stream will be elevated by filling earth. After above measures are taken, 1619 mu of farmland will be protected. e) Farmland Protection in Zhaoling Village Zhaoling stream is located on the right bank of Xiangjiang River and is about 12km away from the dam site. 2,220 mu of farmlands will be inundated under normal water storage level. Two countries, two towns and five villages are involved. Farmlands in Zhaoling have had subdykes with strong protection function. Thereby, for the farmland with good drainage condition, flood-relief canals will be built outside the farmland protection zone to discharge the torrential flood 8  ZNCP Environmental Action Plan in the protection zone. Besides, a pump station and ditches will be built inside the farmland protection zone; thus flood and water can be discharged through the pump station and ditches. Filling earth will elevate the farmlands without subdykes and with high elevation. After above measures are taken, 2,095 mu of farmlands will be protected. Besides, cultivation area of water surface will be increased by 300 mu. Effective measures should be taken for other farmlands except above- mentioned central farmlands so as to minimize the inundated farmland area. 6) Bank Protection After Zhuzhou Navigation Complex Project is put into operation, river level in flood period is same as that before the reservoir is built on the whole. However, in most time of a year, river level under normal water storage of the reservoir is higher than Natural River level before the reservoir is built. Thereby, effect of river level rise on reservoir band must be considered. According to our on-site survey and the feasibility study report of this project, there are two kinds of reservoir banks on the upstream of dam, namely, hilly reservoir bank and terrace bank. Hilly bank is mainly composed of shale, slate and limestone. Bank slope usually appears in the form of convex bank at the river-bad bank. It usually has strong anti-erosion capability. Water storage of reservoir nearly has no effect on the stability of bank slope. Small- scale landslide may happen for partial slope due to the effect of topography, however, it will not influence the normal running of the reservoir. Thereby this kind of bank slopes doesn't need protection. Terrace bank is mainly composed of 4t' loose accumulation layer, mainly I and II-stage terrace. Terrace elevation is 39.00-46.00m, which have the characteristic of binary structure. Because this kind of slope is composed of loose soil and the bank is soaked by the water all the year round, mechanics indexes of slope soil mass falls. Thereby, the possibility of bank landslide rises. Especially the reservoir banks with dyke and residential area, it will imperil the safety of the dyke and residential area. This kind of reservoir bank needs protection. Slope-type bank revetment or wall-type bank revetment can be used. For the reservoir bank with wide terrace and gentle slope, slope-type bank revetment should be used. Original bank slope should be trimmed according to the specific slope ratio of 1:2. The slope should be leveled, then the revetment and banquette, Precast concrete should be used for the slope and grouted stone should be used for banquette. Besides, the dyke body should be reinforced. For the reservoir bank with steep slope, wall-type bank revetment should be used. Slope should be renovated at first, then the revetment. Precast 9  ZNCP Environmental Action Plan concrete should be used for the slope. A retaining wall should be built at the bottom of revetment. It should be connected with the revetment. Grouted stone shall be used for the retaining wall. 7) Reconstruction of Drainage gate at reservoir area Few drainage gates, with relatively low elevation of their bottom slabs, will be under water due to rising of reservior's water level and their drainage function have been impacted. With this consideration, corresponding facilities shall be reconstructed and matched before the water reservation. 8) Measures for Soil and Water Conservation a) Measures for Soil and Water Conservation in Construction Site Total occupied land area for the construction site is 0.7994 million m2, where building area of houses is 55,00Gm2 According to the characteristic of soil and water erosion, vegetation recovery method and reclamation method are adopted. About 350,00Gm2 of farmlands will be temporarily occupied by the construction. After the construction is finished, the compacted soil can be ploughed for reuse. Planned reclamation area is about 1 33,30Gm2 (about 200 mu). If vegetation-covering rate in this region is assumed to be 60%, total cultivated area of plant is 366,70Gm2. 42,390 trees are planted. When we select the varieties of trees, we must consider not only their fitness but also their economy and beauty, such as mason pine, China fir, fragrant tree, camphor tree etc. b) Measures for Soil Water Conservation for Waste Yard Retaining Wall Construction: According to the topography of waster yard, a retaining wall shall be built by grouted stones at the gully. Total length of the retaining wall is 945m and total volume of earthwork is 7,620 m3. Among it, length of the retaining wall at Changchogtang waster yard is 660m and total volume of earthwork is about 530 m3; Retaining wall length at Jipochong waste yard is 175 m and its volume of earthwork is about 1,220 m3; Besides; length of retaining wall at Dachong waste yard is 110m and its volume of earthwork is 1,100im3. Drainage: In order to prevent water from mountain from flushing the wastes and solids, a drainage ditch will be built on the top of waster yard with grouted stones. Total length of the drainage ditch is 4,750m and its sectional dimension is 30 X 30 cm (width X depth). 10  ZNVCP Environmental Action Plan After all the wastes and solids are dumped. Its surface should be leveled and some soils should be put on its surface. Thickness of covered soil is about 0.5m. Occupied land area of waste yard is 477,600m2. If its vegetation- covering rate is 70%, cultivated area of plant is 334,300m2. Besides 38,650 trees are planted. We should select suitable trees to plant, such as mason pine, tea tree etc. c) Sedimentation tank in the waste yard Build a wastewater sedimentation tank in each of the three waste yards to prevent wastewater from polluting the Xiangjiang River. The wastewater is drained into the River only after being fully clarified. The size and location of the precipitating tank should ensure the standard sedimentation of wastewater before drainage. d) Measures for Soil and Water Conservation in Other Places. Stone processing system and concrete mixing system are divided into right- bank system and left-bank system. For the right-bank system, after the body project is completed, temporary buildings should be removed and the rubbish should be treated. Beside, the compacted surface soil must be ploughed and to be used as farmland again. For the left-bank system, about 3,500m2 of hilly land will be occupied, where rock slope prevails. After the major project is completed, the land must be leveled and covered by soil. Thickness of covered soil is about 50cm. The land shall be used to plant trees, such as tea trees. Cultivation area of trees is about 24,000m2. e) Measures for Soil and Water Conservation for Temporary Roads. After the project is completed, the pavement and two sides of the temporary roads should be leveled so as to prevent soil erosion and maintain the regional ecology. Cultivation area of plants is 37,00Cm2 and 4,046 trees will be planted. 9) Inundation and Seepage Control Measures a) To protect reservoir banks from seeping or collapsing owing to saturation by rock-laying and planting at abrupt and soft & loose banks; b) To build flood discharging channels in the farm fields within the banks before water-storing at the reservoir and rebuild or build new water-pumping stations to protect farm lands and irrigation installations in case of high water level at the reservoir; c) To reinforce the dikes before water-storing of the Dam; 11  ZNCP EnvironmentalAction Plan d) To conduct regular inspections on the dikes during preliminary water- storing period to prevent seeping and ensure prompt repairing. 10). Safety of Navigation in Construction Phase First-phase weir, diversion of right river-bed, temporary navigation and increasing flow velocity will bring about some unsafe factors for ships and boats. Therefore, except that temporary navigation scheme for the construction phase should be well done during project design, navigation management should be strengthened and sailing marks should be perfected. In addition, the illuminating station should be heightened so as to guide the ships and boats safely and efficiently. 11) Cultural Relics Protection According to the investigation, cultural relics within the project area are located far from the dam site and reservoir bank so that this project has no impact on these cultural relics. However, if any cultural relics are found during construction, excavation will be stopped immediately and the local cultural authority will be informed of such discovery. Excavation will not be resumed until identification of cultural relics by the authorized institution is completed and necessary preservation measures are taken. 2.1.3 Operation Phase 1) Preventive Measures for Water Pollution in Reservoir Area The planning and supervising of prevention of water pollution in the reservoir area is mainly carried out by the provincial Environmental Protection Bureau and the provincial Navigation Bureau. Their duties are as follows. Duties of the Environmental Protection Bureau in the control of water pollution: (D Dividing water areas according to their different functions; () Put forward measures of control of the total amount of pollution source and measures of standard precipitation and drainage; @ Close plants, mines and enterprises that cause serious pollution (including small paper plants, small smeltery, small fertilizer plants, etc.)