Philippines - Manila Second Sewerage Project : environmental impact assessment (Vol. 16 of 27) : Initial Environmental Examination of Project no. 14 ; Pasig (Caniogan) BLISS, Pasig City

Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System Manila Water Company, Inc. E94 Volume 16 Initial Erivironmental Examination of the Community Sanitation Project Manila Second Sewerage Project IBRD 4019 Project No. 14 Pasig Bagong Lipunan Sites and Services (Caniogan BLISS) Pasig City, Philippines Prepared by: Manila Water Company, Inc. 489 Katipunan Rd, Balara, Quezon City December 2001 FILE COPY Y  TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO. Executive Summary 7 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 12 1.1 BASIC PROJECT INFORMATION 12 1.2 PROJECT LOCATION 12 1.3 PROJECT RATIONALE 12 1.4DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT PHASES 16 1.4.1 Pre-Operational/Construction Phase 16 1.4.1.1 Construction Plan 16 1.4.1.2 Total Surface Development Block 18 1.4.1.3 Estimate Total Area to be opened for Civil Works 18 1.4.1.4 Major Openings and Construction Activities 18 1.4.1.5 Types of Equipment to be Used 20 1.4.1.6 Source of Construction Materials and Facilities 21 1.4.1.7 Support Services and Facilities Requirements and Availability 21 1.4.1.8 Estimate of Total Cut Soil Volume 21 1.4.1.9 Total Manpower Requirement 21 1.4.2 Operational Phase 22 1.4.2.1 Project Operation Schedule and Duration 22 1.4.2.2 Process Technology and Activities 22 1.4.2.3 Waste Production Scheme 25 1.4.2.4 Manpower Requirement 25 1.4.3 Abandonment Phase 25 2.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 26 2.1 STUDY METHODOLOGY 26 2.21LAND 26 2.2.1 Land Resource Utilization 26 2.2.2 Physiography and Geology 26 2  2.2.3 Vegetation and Wildlife 2.2.4 Land Acquisition Assessment 26 2.3WATER 2.3.1 Inventory of Water Bodies 2.3.2 Water Quality (Surface/Ground) 28 2.4AIR 28 2.5 PEOPLE 30 2.5.1 Population 2.5.2 Project Affected Persons 30 3.0 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 30 4.1 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION 30 4.1.1 Impacts During Construction Phase 31 4.1.2 Impact During Operation Phase 32 4.2 IMPACT PREDICTION AND EVALUATION 34 4.3UNAVOIDABLE AND RESIDUAL IMPACTS 35 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 35 5.1 IMPACTS MITIGATION / ENHANCEMENT PLAN 35 5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ACTION PLAN 41 6.0 COMMUNITY CONSULTATION PROCESS' 42  LIST OF FIGURES 1 Location Map of Pasig BLISS BLISS ! 13 2 Existing Sewer Network Layout 1 5 3 Proposed Implementation Schedule 1 7 Proposed Sewer Collection Layout and STP 18 Location 5 General Treatment Process Scheme 23 6 Photographs of STP site | 26 4  LIST OF TABLES 1 Analysis of Septic Tank Effluent Quality from | 14 Pasig BLISS 2 Estimates of Soil Excavation Volumes 20 3 Influent Flow Characteristics 1 4 DENR Effluent Parameters for Class C Waters 22 5 Sources and List of Potential Environmental 29 Impacts 6 Typical Noise Emissions of Construction { 31 Equipment at Various Distances from Source in dB(A) 7 Sludge Production of Various Wastewater 32 Treatment Processes 8 Summary of Assessment of Environmental Issues 33 I Impacts 9 Environmental Management Plan 34 10 Environmental Monitoring Action Plan 39 1 1 Institutional Monitoring 40 5  LIST OF ANNEXES 1 Manila Water Company STARRT Card for Monitoring Construction Works 2 Wastewater Quality Monitoring Schedule 3 Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) NCR-2000-10- 04-0217-120 4T~ Manila Water Company PCO Reporting Format 5 Sample Monitoring Sheet for Effluent Quality 6 Endorsement from the Barangay Captain 7 Endorsement from the Home Guaranty Corporation (HGC) 8 Caniogan BLISS Homeowners' Association Board Resolution 9 Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) among Caniogan BLISS Homeowners' Association, Manila Water Company, and HGC  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The proposed project for Pasig BLISS, more popularly known as Caniogan BLISS because of its location in Barangay Caniogan, is one of twenty three (23) sub-projects of the Community Sanitation Project Phase I, which is a component of the World Bank-assisted Manila Second Sewerage Project (MSSP). The project is intended to reduce the current wastewater pollution discharged to the Marikina/Pasig River by the one hundred forty four (144) residential units within the Caniogan BLISS compound. The project invclves the improvement and rehabilitation of the sewerage system in the compound. Specifically, the project includes the construction of sewer lines to intercept sewage flows from existing communal septic tanks as well as raw wastewater flows from buildings without septic tanks. An underground centralized sewage treatment plant (STP) will be constructed to treat the wastewater flows. Approvals for the project were obtained through a community consultation process, through the Homeowners' Association Board officers. An endorsement letter from the Barangay Council of Barangay Ugong was obtained to facilitate the process. Finally, a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) among Manila Water Company, Home Guaranty Corporation (HGC), and the Homeowners' Association Board in Caniogan BLISS was executed. In conformity with the requirements of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) NCR-2000-10-04-0218-120 issued pursuant to P.D. 1586 was secured for the project. I. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Caniogan BLISS is a government settlement housing project implemented in the 1980s to provide homes for public officials and the less fortunate. The housing project is situated in the heart of Pasig City, within a one-kilometer radius from the City Hall. It is located along Colonel Licsi street, Barangay Maybunga which is just a few meters away from Dr. Sixto Anonio Avenue (west), Pasig Boulevard Extension (south) and C. Raymundo Avenue (east). The area is bounded by private lots on the west, southeast and northwest sides and Colonel Licsi Street on the east and southeast. The Caniogan BLISS compound has a total land area of fourteen thousand two hundred seventy four (14,274) square meters, more or less, 17% of which are residential areas, 4% roads, and 79% parking spaces, playgrounds and common areas. The housing compound is composed of nine (9) four-story, walk-up, residential buildings with sixteen (16) units per building and an estimated population of 900 individuals. 7  Floral population within the compound constitutes ornamental plants and a few fruit trees, which were planted by the residents. Faunal population is limited to household pets and stray animals. The area is characterized by a relatively even distribution of precipitation during the year. Like in most parts of Metro Manila, the community has two distinct seasons: the dry season during the months of November to May and the wet season during the months of June to October. Existing Sewerage System At present, there are seven (7) existing communal septic tanks serving the nine (9) residential buildings. However, only four (4) of the seven (7) tanks are functional. The rest have been bypassed and wastewater flows directly to the nearest drainage. Due to the poor maintenance of the communal septic tanks, some buildings opted to construct their own septic tanks. The discharge is tapped to the drainage line along Colonel Licsi Street and eventually drains to Marikina River. The sewerage system in Caniogan BLISS consists of Cast Iron Pipe sewer network laid during the development of the area, except for some new pipes, made of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), laid by individual units who installed their individual septic tanks. The sewer network was designed so that wastewater flows will be directed to seven (7) communal septic vaults. At present, the sewerage system of Caniogan BLISS is not maintained. Some of the clean-outs are buried and can be hardly located. Many sewer lines are either clogged or broken so that some residents opted to construct their own septic tanks or directly tapped to the drainage. While the other four (4) communal septic tanks are still functional, most residents still complain about the maintenance cost and arrangements. II. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATING MEASURES Potential Environmental Mitigating Measures Impact CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. Poor quality of * Manila Water Company will monitor the supply and installation construction contract to assure quality of equipment and construction. Site Managers and Engineers with experience in construction management shall approve all materials and equipment to be used and installed at the site. * The contractor will be required to post a performance bond for the Design and Constriction Contract of the sewerage system.  2. Air pollution * Efficient construction planning and work scheduling (suspended particulates, * Formulation of appropriate work plans, work scheduling, work odor and fumes, vehicle specifications and work methodologies emissions eg. C02, CO * Provision of properly maintained storage area for keeping stocks of NOR) construction materials and equipment * Prompt and fast removal of excavated materials or dredges spoils from construction site * Sprinkling of water on dust-generating mounds of resulting from earthmoving activities and civil works. * Control of motor vehicle emissions * Dust accumulation will also be prevented through proper washing of the vehicles prior to its departure from the site * Development and strict enforcement of health and safety pollution control regulations specific for the project site - Good housekeeping of workplace and construction affected areas - Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) by all workers 3. Water pollution due to * Provide temporary drain systems and storage facilities for wastewater , oil excavation soils, fuel and oils needed for equipment leakage/spills * Cautious and sensible planning for construction and post- construction phases of the project * Formulation of chemical and oil spill clean-up plan * Formulation of a monitoring program * Provision of portable toilets for construction workers to avoid any unauthorized peeing 4. Noise pollution from * Establish temporary sound barriers around the work site operation of construction * Proper scheduling and phasing of high-noise activities equipment * Use of appropriate mufflers and sound proofing for construction machinery, equipment and engines * Use of Personnel Protective Equipment by all workers 5. Temporary disruption of * Public information campaign posting schedule of construction traffic flow within the * Provision of a liaison officer from the residents of the compound to compound assist the information dissemination regarding inevitable changes in schedule of operations * Provision of temporary alternative routes, including visible traffic warning signals * To the extent possible, sewer lines, manholes and lift station will be constructed in common areas not used for pedestrian or vehicular traffic * Scheduling of delivery materials and removal of excavated material during non-rush hour periods. 9  OPERATIONAL PHASE 1.Environmental hazards * Carefully designed post-construction maintenance, contingency due to accidents, man- and monitoring programs made natural disasters * Well designed plan for detection of accident or natural events eg. accidental spills, fire, including precautionary and remedial measures to be observed seismic activity, * Provision of preventive and remedial procedural manuals at earthquakes, heavy workplace rain/flooding and design * Adequate plans for environmental rehabilitation and restoration of failure site and removal of temporary structures and facilities installed during construction phase 2. Water Pollution (effluent * Wastewater discharged by the STP shall conform with the Effluent discharge) Standards set forth in DENR Administrative Order 34 and 35 for Class C waters * Regular monitoring of wastewater effluent by the Manila.Water Company Central Laboratory * Regular check on sewer lines to prevent discharge/seepage of untreated wastewater to the environment * Quality of civil work on the STP facility shall be enforced during construction to avoid seepage 3. Noise Pollution (STP * Use of appropriate mounting for machinery to minimize vibration equipment, lift station) * All mechanical/electrical equipment shall be installed inside enclosures * Motors shall be provided with soundproofing devices * Maintenance of greenbelt zones and vegetation with appropriate tree species 4. Solid Waste * Solid waste generated within the STP facility will be minimal but (generated within the facility provision will be made for garbage collection and by the facility) * Disposal of sludge generated will be in accordance with established procedures of relevant authorities (disposal of sludge for use as soil conditioner) 5. Odors (organic and sulfur . Maintenance of greenbelt zones and vegetation with appropriate compounds coming from tree species raw wastewater and during * Provision of landscape which will improve the aesthetic of the area desludging of septic tanks) by planting green strips using appropriate plant or tree species * Provision of odor control mechanisms (deodorizer/adsorbent/masking agent) to prevent malodorous emissions) 6, Maintenance and * Regular asset condition monitoring by Manila Water Company Operation of the System personnel * Poor maintenance of * Regular maintenance works for STP equipment (pumps and mechanical equipment motors), sewer network and septic tanks (pumps and motors) * Adequate training of STP operators * Connections * A liaison officer from the Community will assist the STP operator in assuring the facility's efficiency in operation * Provision of adequate maintenance equipment and spares for the sewerage system facility 10  Ill. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN Environmental monitoring will be the responsibility of Manila Water Company. Zie-1- - I Construction Phase Compliance with Manila * At STP site and its * On-the-spot daily inspection Water Company health and perimeter and monitoring will be safety policies (dust * Pipe laying area implemented by the Health emissions, good * Equipment and materials and Safety Dept. of Manila housekeeping, noise, odors) storage area Water Company using the STARRT Card (Annex 1) Traffic * Ingress and egress to * Daily the construction site Operational Phase Effluent Water Quality * Influent * Annex 2 describes in detail for parameters like pH, 5-day * Effluent/Discharge Point the schedule of wastewater BOD, COD, Total coliform, quality monitoring. suspended solids, and oil and grease. Odor * STP site and perimeter * Daily * Weekly Sludge * At STP site accumulation/Clogging * Sewer network * Communal septic tanks  1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1.1 Basic Project Information Name of Project : CANIOGAN BLISS COMMUNITY SANITATION PROJECT MANILA SECOND SEWERAGE PROJECT Address Pasig BLISS, Colonel Licsi Street, Barangay Caniogan, Pasig City, Philippines Contact Persons : Leonor C. Cleofas Manager, Engineering and Project Management Office Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System Ground Floor, Engineering Building, MWSS Complex, Katipunan Road, Balara, Quezon City 1105 Tel No. (632) 920-5413; (632) 920-5521 to 40 locals 3570/3569 Telefax: (632) 922-2568 Ma. Fiorella De Los Reyes-Fabella Wastewater Project Development Manager Manila Water Company, Inc. 489 Katipunan Road, 1105 Balara, Quezon City, Philippines Tel No. (632)981-8147; (632)926-7999 loc2032 Fax (632) 981-8106 1.2 PROJECT LOCATION The proposed project for Caniogan BLISS is a sub-project of the Community Sanitation Project, which is a component of the World Bank-assisted MSSP. The service area is the entire Caniogan BLISS. The project site is in Colonel Licsi Street, Barangay Caniogan, Pasig City which is easily accessible from either the Pasig Boulevard extension via C-5 road or the C. Raymundo Avenue via Ortigas Avenue extension. Figure 1 presents the location map of the project 12  I.-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~I 0 a)  1.3 PROJECT RATIONALE In Metro Manila, untreated/partially treated domestic wastewater is the major source of pollution of inland waters. Most residential houses in Metro Manila treat their wastewater by means of septic tanks, which do not provide adequate treatment to satisfy the DENR requirements for wastewater effluent standards. Moreover, majority of septic tanks in Metro Manila is not properly maintained. This situation has led to the deterioration of the Marikina/Pasig River and other inland waters. The DENR has estimated that around 60% of the pollution load to Pasig River come from domestic discharges. There is therefore an urgent need to establish collection and treatment methods that will help reduce the pollution load to inland waters. The provision of an efficient and cost-effective sewage collection, treatment and disposal is the primary objective of the Community Sanitation Project under the MSSP. This project specifically aims to address the problems of inadequate wastewater treatment and disposal in Caniogan BLISS as shown by the analysis of the effluent of one of the septic tanks in the area (see Table 1 below). In Caniogan BLISS, wastewater, either from the septic tanks or straight from the households, discharge to the drainage pipes along Colonel Licsi Street, and eventually find its way to Marikina River. Figure 2 shows the existing sewer network in Caniogan BLISS. The project will help reduce public health risks and environmental pollution from untreated/partially treated domestic wastewater by providing a sustainable sanitation and sewerage facility. It will also serve as a good illustration of proper sanitation especially to the neighboring communities near Pasig and Marikina Rivers. Table 1 Analysis of Septic Tank Effluent Quality from Caniogan BLISS ...~~~~ - .. .. . uSzs S., I PH 6.5-9 7.3@27.90C Suspended solids, mg/L 70 120.00 Dissolved Oxygen, mg/L 0.00 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 50 140.00 (BaD5), mgIL Chemical Oxygen Demand, mg/L 100 85.10 Total Coliform Count, MPN/100 ml 10,000 24x 107 Fecal Coliform Count, MPN/100 ml - 28 x 106 14  Figure 2 Existing Sewer Network Layout of Caniogan BLISS M=attu Water X - - - - - - - - - - - 15  1.4 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT PHASES 1.4.1 Pre-Operational / Construction Phases 1.4.1.1 Construction Plan The project is scheduled for bidding in December 2001. Construction is expected to commence in March 2002 and project completion is targeted in August 2002 (180 calendar days). Figure 3 shows the implementation schedule for the project. Manila Water Company will undertake the project implementation. 1.4.1.2 Total Surface Development Block The service area is approximately 1.4274 hectares and is estimated to have a current population of approximately 900. The project will serve only the residential establishments within Caniogan BLISS. Any increase in population is not considered because there are no further planned development within the compound that would significantly affect the quality and/or quantity of wastewater discharges. 1.4.1.3 Estimate of Total Land Area to be Opened for Civil Works Civil Works will include the STP construction, and the laying of sewer lines to connect existing communal septic tanks and buildings without septic tanks to the STP. The STP will be located underground in a 120 square-meter lot. Sewer lines totaling 262 meters will be opened for civil works. Figure 4 shows the sewer network layout plan for the project. 1.4.1.4 Major Openings and Construction Activities The complete sewerage system will include the following components: * Collection sewers (diameter=150 mm) with a total estimated length of 245 meters to connect the 5 communal septic tanks, 5 individual septic tanks and buildings without septic tanks to the STP * 15 sewer manholes and 7 junction boxes with average depth of 1.5 meters * Underground STP with a design capacity of 161 m3/day and land allotment of 120 m2 * Sewer line (diameter=150 mm) with a total estimated length of 17 meters from STP discharge point to existing storm drainage 16  Figure 3 Proposed Implementation Schedule for the CANIOGAN BLISS Community Sanitation Project Week No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1q 20 21 22 Permits and Clearances Layout and Staking Order Equipment - - -r _, _ Temporary Field Office Excavation for '(4 Main Reactor _ Formwork, Steelwork, Pouring Form Removal and Curing Excavate and Install Sewer Line Testing of Sewer Lines ._ Backfilling and Restoration Purchase Imported. ,i , - , Special Equipment for ;r~*-A :- Treatment _ . "....r Install Treatment Ecguipment Install Electrical and Plumbing Testing, Acceptance & Turnover 1 7  Figure 4 Proposed Sewer Collection Layout and STP Location Manila Water A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 18  Civil works to be implemented are as follows: For STP/Lift Stations For Pipelaying * Site clearing * Pavement cutting * Earthworks * Shoring and removal - Excavation and handling * Excavation and handling - Dewatering * Dewatering - backfill and compaction * Pipelaying - lean concrete/ gravel bedding * Backfill and compaction * Concrete Works * Testing pavement restoration - shoring and soil protection * Clearing / miscellaneous activities - formworks - concreting * Electro-mechanical - internal and external pipeworks - mechanical installation - electrical installation * Site restoration * Clearing/ miscellaneous activities 1.4.1.5 Types of Equipment to be Used The civil works contractor will provide equipment which include, but is not limited to the following: * backhoe/loader * dewatering equipment * concrete mixer/concrete pump * welding machine * compactor * jackhammer and air compressor * generator * dump trucks 1.4.1.6 Source of Construction Materials and Facilities The following alternative type of pipe materials will be permitted for sewer mains: * UPVC Pipe * Polyethylene * Fiberglass Pipe * Ductile Iron Pipe * Cast Iron Soil Pipe The contractor can choose from the above pipe materials. 19  1.4.1.7 Support Services and Facilities Requirements and Availability Support services and facilities will be tapped from the available utilities on site. Arrangements with Caniogan BLISS locators and/or any other party will be made by the contractor. 1.4.1.8 Estimate Total Cut Soil Volume(for pipelaying) Table 2 presents the total system length, average excavation depth of the sewer pipes and area of the project. Table 2 Estimates of Soil Excavation Volumes Estimated Average Excavation Average Dimensions Depth (m) Excavation (sq.m) Volume - - 1+ - . -(cu. m .) -: STP site 120 3 360 Sewer line 0.45 x 262 1.5 176.85 150mm0 TOTAL 536.85 *Estimated dimension of pipe (sq.m.)= [(pipe diameter +0.3) x total length of pipe required] 1.4.1.9 Total Manpower Requirement The project will be bid out based on World Bank procedures. The winning bidder will provide contractual work for a period of around 180 calendar days. The contractor will provide skilled and unskilled workers to carry out the scope of works as detailed in the bid documents. The scope of works includes: * site clearing * installation works for the sewer network * detailed engineering design and construction/installation works for the STP and its appurtenances * landscaping of the STP site and the vicinity * abandonment activities (road restoration, etc.) * STP start-up operations 20  1.4.2 Operational Phase 1.4.2.1 Project Operation Schedule and Duration Completion of construction is expected by August 2002. Start-up operations will begin immediately after project completion. 1.4.2.2 Process Technology and Activities The project will be bid on the basis of performance specifications for the STP Treatment Process: * Wastewater flows were computed on the basis of a per capita water demand of 200 liters per day and a 70% wastewater discharge. Storm infiltration was estimated at 10% of the total flows. A peak factor of 1.5 was added in the computation of design flows to determine pipes sizes and capacity of STP. * The influent flow characteristics were based on random laboratory analyses of septic tank effluent in Caniogan BLISS and the other project sites. The influent quality assumptions are shown in Table 3 below: Table 3 Influent Flow Characteristics TSS B BOD5 COD Oil and pH (mg/Il) (mg/l) (mg/l) Grease (mgil) 100 200 350 50 6-9 TSS Total Suspended Solids BOD5 = 5-day biochemical oxygen demand at 200C COD = chemical oxygen demand * Wastewater treatment will reduce the BOD5 from 200 mg/L to 50 mg/L, at the minimum. This illustrates a STP treatment efficiency of at least 75%. * Wastewater discharged by the STP shall conform with the Effluent Standards set forth in DENR Administrative Order 34 and 35 for Class C waters as shown in Table 4 below: 21  Table 4 DENR Effluent Parameters for Class C Waters Color ] F 'PCU 150 PH 6-9 COD mg/L 100 Settleable solids mg/L 0.5 5-day 20