China - Second Jianxi Highway Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 6 of 14) : Suichuan-Cheziao road : environmental impact assessment (first edition)

E-425 VOL. 6 Project With Loans From the World Bank GHK2000-30 People's Republic of China World Bank Financed Jiangxi NO.2 Road Project Rural Roads Improvement Program ( RRIP) SUICHUAN-CHEZIAO ROAD (RRIPI) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT (FIRST EDITION) Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute State Environmental Assessment Certificate Grade A No.2303 Entrusted by Jiangxi High-Speed Highway Investment & Development Company Ltd December, 2000  Project With Loans From the World Bank GHK2000-30 People's Republic of China World Bank Financed Jiangxi NO.2 Highway Project Rural Roads Improvement Program (RRIP) Suichuan-Chezhiao Road (RRIP 1) Environmental Impact Assessment Report (First Edition) Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute State Environmental Assessment Certificate Grade A No. 2303 Entrusted by Jiangxi High-Speed Highway Investment & Development Company Ltd November, 2000  People's Republic of China World Bank Financed Jiangxi NO.2 Highway Project Rural Roads Improvement Program (RRIP) Suichuan-Chezhiao Road (RRIP 1) Environmental Impact Assessment Report (First Edition) Compiler: Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute Director: He Jili Senior Engineer Chief Engineer: Wan Liangbi Senior Researcher Technical Review: Cheng Longting Senior Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 085031 Project Leader: He Jili Senior Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 085001 Participants: Chen Kai Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 085011 Huang Jingming Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 084991 Hu Xiaohua Senior Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 087151 Xie Daomou Assistant Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 112101 Yang Jun Assistant Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 112091 Implementor of Monitoring: Ji-an Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station Entrusted by Jiangxi High-Speed Highway Investment & Development Company Ltd  Contents Preface Chapter One General Description 1.1 Purpose of Assessment ............................ ................................ 2 1.2 Bases for Compilation ............................................................ 2 1.3 Scope of Assessment, Assessment Factors ............................................I ... 3 1.4 Class of Assessment Work ............................................. 4 1.5 Periods to Be Covered by This Assessment .............................................. 4 1.6 Criteria of Assessment .............................................. 4 1.7 Major Objectives Under Environmental Protection ........................................... 5 1.8 Methods of Assessment ............................................. 7 Chapter Two Project Description 2.1 Significance of the Project ............................................. 8 2.2 Alignment and Major Controlling Points ............................................. 8 2.3 Size of Construction, Major Technical-Economic Index, and Engineering Works ............................................................ 8 2.4 Description of Engineering Works ............................................................ 9 2.5 Projected Traffic Volume ............................................................ 11 2.6 Construction Materials to Be Obtained Locally ............................................... 12 2.7 Estimates of Investment & Schedule of Construction Progress ............................. 12 2.8 Environmental Impact Analyses of Construction Work ...................................... 12 Chapter Three Environmental Survey 3.1 Natural Environment ............................................................ 14 3.2 The present state of the ecological environment: investigation and commentary ........ 14 3.3 Assessment of Existing Air Quality ............................................................ 17 3.4 Assessment of Existing Acoustic Environment ............................. ........ 17 3,5 Investigation & Review of Status Quo of Water & Soil Erosion ........................... 19 3.6 Investigation and Comments on Current Social Environment .............................. 19 Chapter Four Environmental Impact Prediction &Assessment 4.1 Estimation on the effects on the ecological environment ............................. I ...... 22 4.2 Acoustic Environmental Impact Prediction & Assessment ............................. .... 23 4.3 Prediction & Assessment of Ambient Air .............. ................................... 28 4.4 Analyses of the Impact on Water Environment ............................................... 32 4.5 Prediction & Analysis of Impact of Water & Soil Erosion .............................. . . 34 4.6 Review of Impact on Social Environment ..................................................... 36 4.7 Environmental Impact from Building Materials Excavation and Transport and Its Mitigation Measures. ............................................................ 38 4.8 Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures ................................................. 39 1  Chapter Five Cost-Benefit Analysis of Environmental Impacts 5.1 Assessment of Project Benefit ................................................. 46 5.2 The Estimates of Environmental Protection Investment ...................................... 46 5.3 Cost-Benefit Assessment of Environment Economy ......................................... 47 Chapter Six Public Participation 6.1 Investigation of Public Participation ................................................. 49 6.2 Public Opinion & Suggestions ................................................. 53 6.3 Information Disclosures and Feedback .. ............................................... 53 6.4 Conclusion of Public Participation ................................................. 53 Chapter Seven Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan 7.1 Environmental Management Plan ................................................. 55 7.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................................. 56 Chapter Eight Conclusion of Assessment 8.1 Ecological Environment ................................................. 58 8.2 Acoustic Environment ................................................. 58 8.3 Environmental Atmosphere ................................................. 58 8.4 Social Environment ................................................. 59 Appendix Attached Figurel. Geographical Position of Project Site Attached Figure 2. Route Run and Environmental Monitoring Spots Distribution Attached Figure3. Field Plane for Distribution of Environmental Monitoring Spots 2  Preface Jiangxi Province will construct Jiangxi No.2 Highway ( the Taihe-Ganzhou Section of Gan-Yue Expressway) with the loans from the World Bank. This will accelerate the pace of economic development , and reform and opening-up in the underdeveloped areas of this province, and will contribute to the completion of the major frame for the provincial highway network. In order to enhance the function of this major framework, Suichuan-Chezhiao Road ( RRIP I ), as a component of the four Rural Roads Improvement Program ( RRIP), is also included in this project . The Research & Design Institute of Jiangxi Provincial Highway Administration finished the feasibility research report for this project in November, 2000. According to the requirements of Rules Concerning Environmental Protection Management for Construction Projects (State Council Decree No. 253) and Methods Concerning Environmental Protection Management for Traffic Construction Projects , Jiangxi High-Speed Highway Investment & Development Company Ltd entrusted Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute (JPEPRI)with the environmental impact assessment (EIA)work for the linking road subproject of Jiangxi No. 2 Highway Project (JN2HP) with loans from the World Bank in November, 2000. In November, the same year, with the cooperation and support of the local governments along the route and other parts concerned as well as the designers, the EIA team from Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute (JPEPRI) made detailed study on the project feasibility research report, and made field survey along the entire route. Based on the findings of the-careful field work on the environmental status quo and the major objectives of environmental protection along the route as well as other related data collected from a variety of sources, the EIA team has completed the compilation of the outline of environmental impact assessment. Based on this EIA Outline, the EIA team made detailed investigation and arranged relevant environmental monitoring along the route, and made analyses and prediction to the environmental impacts arising from the highway in construction and operation periods upon which the mitigation measures schemes were set forward ,and finally finished this EIA Report (first edition). l  Chapter One General Description 1.1 Purpose of Assessment Highway construction is of developing activity which exerts far-reaching influence on society and economy. Since it will have strong impact on the natural and social environments both in the construction and operation periods, the interaction between the project implementation and environmental protection should be carefully handled. In the light of the requirements of EIA ciassification for construction projects by the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA ) and the World Bank, this project is a large-scale project entailing running through such environmental sensitive areas as residential districts . Therefore, it requires a full EIA work. This EIA work is intended to have the following aims: 1. Analyses, predictions and assessments will be made both qualitatively and quantitatively of the social-economic and environmental status quo along the route and the scope and extent of future impact; the implementation of the highway construction and the selection of optimal route possible will be reviewed and examined in terms of environmental protection. 2. Feasible proposals for environmental protection or improvement measures and strategies will be made to the designers and constructors of this project so as to minimize the negative impact of this project on environment. 3. The implementation plan will be worked out for the environmental management both during the construction and operation periods, which can also serve as helpful information and scientific data for the economic development, urban development and environmental plans of the areas along the route. 1.2 Bases for Compilation 1. The Environmental Protection Law of the People s Republic of China (December 26, 1989); 2. The Water & Soil Conservation Law of the People 'sRepublic of China (June 29, 1991); 3. The Land Administration Law of the People 's Republic of China (August 29, 1998); 4. The Law Concerning the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution, the People s Republic of China (October 29, 1996); 5. The Law Concerning the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, the People s Republic of China (May 15,1995); 6. The Law Concerning the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, the People s Republic of China (December 29, 1995); 7. The Law Concerning the Prevention and Control of Solid-Waste Pollution, the People s Republic of China (October 30, 1995); 8. The Highwa>y Law of the People s Republic of China (July 3, 1997); 9. The Administrative Rules for the Environmental Protection of Construction Projects (The State Council Decree No. 253, November 18, 1998); 10. The Methods for Environmental Protection Management of Traffic Construction Projects (the Minister's Ordinance of the Ministry of Communication No. 17, 1990); 11. The Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment ( NEPA, 2  HJ/T2.1-2.3-1993, HJ/T2.4-1995, HJ/T19-1997); 12. The Classified Managerial Items of Environmental Protection for Construction Projects (Provisional) [ NEPA, Huanfa No. 99, 1999]; 13. The Guidelines of Environmental Impact Assessment for Highway Construction Projects (Provisional) [The Ministry of Communication, JT J005-96); 14. The Rules of Environmental Protection for Conistruction Projects in Jiangxi Province (April 29,1995); 15. The Letter of Attorney for Environmental lmpactAssessment; 16. The Project Feasibility Research Report of Suichan-Chezhiao Raod (RRIP 1) Upgrading Project, compiled by Research & Design Institute of Jiangxi Provincial Highway Administration, in November, 2000. 17. Outline of EIA of Suichuan - Chezhiao Road (RRIP1) Upgrading Project- Jiangxi NO.2 Highway Project with Loans from the World Bank ( Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute, November 2000). 18. The Letter on Approval of the Environmental Standards Implemented in the EIA of Suichuan - Chezhiao, Yutian-Xinjiang Highway Projects. 19. Notice on Strengthening the EIA work for Construction Project with Loans from International Financial Institutions, Document [1993] NO.324, Jointly issued by NEPA, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the People's Bank of China. 20. The World Bank Operation Manual (OP/BP/GB 4.01, March 1999) 1.3. Scope of Assessment, Assessment Factors 1.3.1.Scope of Assessment In view of the features of EIA of highway construction project and practical experience as well the natural environment characteristics of the areas along the projected route, the scope of this EIA is shown in Table 1.3- 1. Table 1.3-1 Scope of EIA of Suichuan-Chezhiao Road Upgrading Project Code Environment Scope of Assessment Factor Acoustic The area within a 200m radium from the central line of the road and its 1 Acoustic sensitive spots (These limits can be appropriately extended at some major sensitive spots such as urban areas, schools and hospitals). The area within a 200m radium from the central line of the road and its 2 Ambient Air sensitive spots(These limits can be appropriately extended at some major sensitive spots such as urban areas, schools and hospitals. 3 Ecological The area within a 300m radium from the central line of the foad; earth Environment borrowing & dumping sites and quarries concerned The sensitive spots within a 200m radium from the central line of the 4 Social road such as residential areas, schools, hospitals and cultural remains; Enviromnent the area directly influenced by the highway as is defined in the report of the feasibility research Water 5 WEnvironent Water bodies within a 200 radium from the central line of the road. 1.3.2. Assessment Factors 1.Social Environment: traffic & transport, social development, land use; 3  2.Ecological Environment: land occupancy, damage to crop and vegetation; 3.Acoustic Environment: traffic noise Laeq, environmental noise Laeq . 4.Ambient Air: dust, TSP, bitumen smoke. 1.4. Class of Assessment Work In accordance with the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2. 1-2.3-93, HJ/T2.4-1995, HJ/T19-1997), the class of assessment determined for each item is shown in Tablel.4-1; the review of social environment will follow the requirements of Rules of EIA for Highway Construction Project (Provisional, JTJO05-96). Table 1.4-1 Determination of Class for Particular Assessment Items Item Criteria Class of Assessment Acoustic There is obvious increase in noise after the construction Class 2 Envirornent Ambient Air The terrace is comparatively simple; the equivalent discharge Class 3 is comparatively small. Ecological The limits of influence are greater than 50k in2; the reduction Class 3 Environment of biomass is less than 50%; little influence on the biodiversity. 1.5. Periods to Be Covered by This Assessment The periods to be covered by this assessment include the design period, construction period, and operation period; as is shown in the Report of the Project Feasibility Research , the operation period is further divided into the initial period (2003) , the middle period (2008) and the long-term period (2018), which will also be respectively covered by this assessment. 1.6. Criteria of Assessment Based on the investigation on the environmental functions along the route, the following standards will be adopted for this assessment. (These selected standards have been approved by Jian Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau .) 1. Water Environment: Based on the quality of the surface water bodies along the projected route and their functional requirements, Grade III of the Environmental Quality Standardfor Surface Water(GHZB 1-1999) will be adopted for the assessment of surface water quality, except for the assessment of SS, which will apply Grade I of the Water Quality Standardfor Cropland Irrigation (GB5084-92). (See Table 1.6-1) Table 1.6-1 Criteria for the Assessment of Water Environment Unit: mg/L (except for the assessment of pH) Item pH CODCr Oil SS Note GHZB 1-1999 6.5-8.5 <20 <0.05 <155 Grade I of the Warer Grade III Limits ?ualily Standard for _ropland Irrigation GB 8978-1999 6-9 100 5 70 GB5084-92) will be Grade I Limits ldopted for the ssessment of SS. 4  2. Acoustic environment: The Noise Limits For Construction Site Border (GB12523-90, See Table 1.6-2) will be adopted for acoustic environment assessment of construction period, A Reply Concerning the Issues about the Standards of Environmental Noise Applied in FJA of Highway Construction (State Environmental Protection Bureau HuanHan No.46,1999) will be adopted for the operation period; Class IV of Environmental Noise Standards for Urban Areas (GB3096-93) will be adopted for the assessment of the concentration of residential areas along either side of the route and the buildings directly facing the road; for schools and hospitals, Class I standard will be adopted ( see Table 1.6-3 ). 3. Ambient Air: Grade II of the Standardfor Anmbient Air Quality (BG3095-1996, See Table 1.6-4) is adopted for the assessment of air quality ; Comprehensive Slandardfor the Emission ofAtmospheric Pollutants for the assessment of bitumen smoke(See Table 1.6-4). Table 1.6-2 The Limits of Noise Value For Construction Site Border (GB12523-90) Unit: Leq (dB) Limit of Noise value Construction Period Major Noise Sources Daytime Night Earth & Stone Work Bulldozer, excavator, loader, 75 55 and so on ______ piling Pile driver of various kind 85 Forbidden construction Concrete mixer and vibrator, 70 55 electric saw decoration Crane, Lift 65 55 Table 1.6-3 The Limits of Noise For Operation Period(abstract) 'Unit: Leq(dB) Index Daytime Night Class IV of GB 3096-93 70 55 Class I of GB 3096-93 55 45 Table 1.6-4 Assessment Standard for Air Quality( Abstract) Unit: mg/ m3 pollutant TSP NOx Concentration limits Day mean 0.30 0.10 In Grade II of GB Hour mean 0.15 3095-1996 Table 1.6-5 Emission Standard of Bitumen Smoke(New Pollution Source) (Abstract) Pollutant Production technique Upper limits of Limits of concentration for emission unorganized emission Bitumen Melting and stirring 40-75 mg/ ml No unorganized emission is ;moke )itumen allowed 1.7 Major Objectives Under Environmental Protection According to the field investigation on the environment along the route, the major objectives 5  of environmental protection are determined as shown in Table 1.7-1. The environmental sensitive spots are listed in Table 1. 7-2. Table 1.7-1 Major Objectives under Environmental Protection Environ Factor Objective of Stake No. Of Environmental Factor of Impact protection Typical Feature Section Crop K16-K23 Paddy field Land requisitioned for K30-K37 road construction; Ecological excavation & filling of Environment Forest K6-K16 Pine, fir roadbed K59-K77 Water & soil K6-K16 Hilly land Filling work & Conservation K59-K77 excavation Earth Hill and hilly Earth borrowing & borrowing & land dumqping dumping sites Wetland Non-existent Wildlife Non-existent conservation zone Rivers, channels, Large, medium Construction of Water irrigation and small bridge foundation, Environment systems, ponds bridges, nearby Surface runoffs in river, channel, operation period; Ponds, and Earthwork filling & irrigation excavation systems Acoustic 7 primary schools Ambient air and Construction noise Environment, and 60 residential acoustic sensitive &flying dust, traffic Ambient Air, areas spots within noise and waste tail Social 200m radium of gas Environment the road central __________________ ________________ line Table 1.7-2 Environmental Sensitive spots along the Projected Road No. Stake No. Village/Units CenD ine of the Road (m No. of Impacted households/persons I KI+100-KI+200 Jianshang By the right 10-110 8 2 Kl+500-K1+700 Zhuzitouxia By the left 10-140 19 3 KI+100-KI+850 Xitou By the right 10-200 34 4 K2+000-K2+500 Xizhuang At the left side 23 5 K3+800 Zhutian Hospital At the left side 12 doctors, 10 beds 6 K3+900-K5+100 Xiaoxi Through 50 7 K4+900-K5+100 Jiabili At the right side 18 8 K5+900-K6+100 Shankou Through 60 9 K6+800 Nachun Prim. School At the right side 6 classes, 12 teachers, 230 students 10 K7+50-K7+200 Sibixia Through 12 11 K7+400-K7+600 Shangchun By the left 40-80 8 12 K9+700-K9+800 Kangkou By the right 50-180 12 13 18+100-K18+800 Youfu At the left side so 14 K18+300 ~Shanghai Youdian 14 K18+300_Hope Prim. School By the right 60 20 teachers, 400 students 15 K19+100-K19+900 Wanggang Through 15 16 K20+200-K21+400 Chaoling At the right side 60 17 K22+550-K22+800 Jingzinao At the right side 16 18 K23+700-K23+800 Jiaoli At the right side 3 19 K24+00-K24+450 Yuankankou By the right 80-190 6 20 K24+250 Gaoaoxia By the right 100-120 5 21 K25+50-K25+300 Hengdian Through 16 6  22 K29+900-K30+600 Gaopai Through 12 23 K31+950-K32+50 Aoshang Through 6 24 K33+900-K34+50 Shuiping At the right side 5 25 K35+650 Nanjiang Hospital At the right side 8 doctoTs, 10 beds 26 K35+600-K36+200 Nanjiang Throueh 20 27 K37+500-K37+900 Youdu Through 7 28 K38+200--500 Zhipengbei At the right side 14 29 K41+700-K40+500 Paichun Through 17 30 K4] +760-K42+300 Hebei At the right side 12 31 K42+800-K43+000 Taoijingping At the right side . 11 32 K44+700 Chongxi Prnnaly By the right 20 5 classes, 12 teachers, 200 students 33 K44+700+800 Chongxi At the right side 5 34 K48+100-K50+800 Zuoan Town Through 60. 35 K50+1 50-350 Zuoan Middle School At the left side 16classes, 50 teachers, 580 students 36 K51+400-+800 Liduan At the left side 12 37 K50+900-K52+250 Lianhe At the left side 7 38 K54+400-+800 Fengshuwo At the left side 7 39 K58+450-+500 Xiawan Through 8 40 K60+100-K61+150 Tanehu Through 60 41 K62+000-+800 Tangjia Through 15 42 K63+50--300 Shanxia Through 11 43 K63+100 Shanxia Hope School By the right 20 5 classes, 1O teachers, 150 students 44 K67+150 Baitu Village Hope By the left 20 3 classes, 5 teachers, 90 students 45 K69+850 Zhong Village By the right 30 5 classes, 12 teachers, 180 students . _______________ rimary School 46 K69+800-K70+100 Zhong By the right 30-90 8 47 K7]+750-K72+300 Duizigian Through 25 Note: Whether it is left or right is determined by the direction from Suichan to Chezhiao. 1.8. Methods of Assessment This project is a large-scale linear developing project , which involves many sensitive spots and a long run of route, and influences a large area. Based on field survey along the projected route, apart from a few environmental sensitive spots such as residential areas, schools, and natural preservation zones, the environmental conditions of most sections of this route are found to be similar. In view of this, the assessment work will be concentrated on some sensitive spots and typical sections so as to reflect the true condition of the route as a whole. 7  Chapter Two Project Description 2.1 Significance of the Project This project is the construction of linking road which is of critical importance to the connection between State Highway No. 319 and No. 105. The main significance of it is stated below: 1. It is the need of the construction of Jiangxi provincial highway network: The construction of Jiangxi No. 2 Highway entails the perfection of the network of linking roads so as to rectify the unbalanced development of regional economy and increase connection rate of the sub-areas, and contribute to the even coverage of highway network over the overall national territory. 2. It is the need of the regional socio-economic development and the construction of national defense. 3. It is the need of the people in the underdeveloped areas who want to get rid of poverty and become rich. 4. It is the need of the development of tourism. 2.2 Alignment and Major Controlling Points The recommended alignment this project is arranged basically along the south bank of Zuoxi River . It begins at the entrance point of State Highway No. 105 to Yaoxia of Suichuan County , via Xizhuang, Zhutian and Kangkou, runs over mountain in Daouli to Chaoling Town, where it runs across Zuoxi River( Chaoxi Bridge k22+200) from south to north, then, turns left to Nanjiang at the road-cross in Hengdian, runs across Zuoxi River( Tangbei Bridge k49+050 ) from north to south in the southwest of Zuoan, reaches Tanghu (Tanghu Bridge K58+200 ) where it turns back to the north bank of Zuoxi River, then, reaches Gaoping ( Gaoping Bridge K72+050) where it turns back to south bank of Zuoxi River, and finally terminates at Chezhiao, the bordering location of Jiangxi Province and Hunan Province.(Detailed route is shown in Attached Figure 2). The run of the route basically follows the existing roads, which will be upgraded and straightened at some of their curves. The major controlling points along the route are the densely-populated residential areas in Xizhuang, Chaoling, Nanjiang, Zuoan and Tanghu; Zuoxi River and its branches along the route; the road-crosses in the start and end of the route, Hengdian and Kangkou. The whole route runs 79.0 km, of which 18.3 km is Grade II standard highway of plain and low-hill area, 7.7 km is Grade II standard highway of hill and mountain area and 53km is Grade III standard highway; one new bridge is needed, whose total length is 1 90m. 2.3 Size of Construction, Major Technical-Economic Index, and Engineering Works This project involves the upgrading of Section KO-K26+000 , Section K26+000-K60+000 and Section K60+000-K79+500; according to the complexity of terrain and landform, the first will be upgraded to the technical standard of Grade 2 highway, the second will be upgraded to the technical standard of Grade 3 highway by improving the bitumen pavement, while the latter will be upgraded to the technical standard of Grade 3 highway. 8  The major technical-economic index and number of construction items are illustrated in Table 2. 3-1. Table 2.3-1 Major Technical-Economic Index and Quantity of Construction Items ITEM OF INDEX UNIT Plain &d HILLY &MOUNTAIN TOTAL Low-Mount Area AREA 1. Basic Index GRADE 2 GRADE 2 GRADE 3 I Designed Speed Km/hour 80 40 30 Designed Traffic Volume Vehicle/ 4798 day _Land to be requisitioned imu 765.97 l Estimated investnent 10000 RYM 9986.07 Yuan ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ |2. Route Total mileage length km 18.3 77 53 79.00 3. Sub-grade & pavement l Width of roadbed m 12 8.5 8.5/7.5 Type of pavement bitunen concrete Earthwork/Stonework of 1000 m3 192.75 115.69 419.24 727.68 lroadbed Rubblework I000m3 11.32 8.9 27.3 475.58 4. Bridge & Culvert Designied load Motorcar-20 trailer-I 00 Large & medium bridge rn/place 241.4/2 67.72/1 304/3 Small bridge m/place 114.9/5 27.6/1 34.5/2 177/8 Culvert unit 94 24 71 189 5. Minimum radius of horizontal m/place 250/1 30/1 25/9 curve 6. Minimum radius of vertical curve Convex n/place I 1000/1 1000/2 400/l Concave n/place 3000/1 800/1 400/1 2.4. Description of Engineering Works 2.4.1 Roadbed I .Width of Roadbed Section of kOO+000-kO9+000 roadbed width 12m, road surface width 9m,unsurfaced road shoulder width 1.5m, Section of k09+000-kl5+500: roadbed width 8.5m, road surface width7m,unsurfaced road shoulder width 0.75m, Section of kl5+500-k26+000: roadbed width 12m, road surface width 9m, unsurfaced road shoulder width 1.5m. Section of k26+000-k79+000: roadbed width 8.5m, road surface width 7m, unsurfaced road 9  shoulder width 0.75m ( in some local difficult road sections, roadbed width 7.5m, road surface width 6m). The transverse slope of road surface is 2%; that of unsurfaced road shoulder being 3%. 2. Designed elevation of roadbed : elevation of roadbed edge, which should be OSm higher than the water level of designed flood frequency of 1/50. 3.Embankment side slope: Generally, the side slope of fill is 1:1.5; when the height of fill section is more than 20m, the stability coefficient should be tested and calculated and it can not be lower than 1.25. 4. Cutting side slope: The side slope of earth excavation is designed according to the height of side slope, the earth texture, density and moisture, and the status of underground water and surface water; when the height is less than 20m, slope of 1: 0.3-1 :1 is adopted; when the height is between 20-30m, 1:0.3-1:1.5 is adopted and a drainage trench platform is arranged in the middle of the side slope. The side slope of stone excavation is designed according to the height of side slope, rock types and the weathering extent, and the status of underground water and surface water. When the height of side slope is less than 20m,slope of 1:0.2-1:0.75 is adopted and when it is between 20-30m,1:0.2-1:1 is adopted a drainage trench platform is arranged in the middle of the side slope. 5. Roadbed protection The fill side slope of submerged roadbed will be protected in the following way; retaining wall or grouted rubble is adopted for the slope protection of the part below the designed water level, sod pavement or other method is applied to the part above the designed water level. Rubble grouted protection wall should be arranged in excavation sections of crushed stone surface, and in road sections of unstable mountain slope, cutting wall and mountain slope wall should be arranged. 6.Drainage of roadbed and road surface During the comprehensive design of the entire roadbed, a perfect drainage system should be designed and arranged, so as to remove the rainwater and underground water in roadbed and on road surface and ensure that the roadbed and road surface will not be damaged by water erosion. (I) The design of roadbed drainage should be combined with the existing farmland conservancy facilities and plan; (2) It should be in coordination with the existing facilities for water supply and drainage in locations where the proposed highway runs through villages and residential areas of towns. (3) In road sections where drainage is difficult, the roadbed should be kept in dry and middle-moist state by such measures as raising the height of the roadbed, lowering underground water level, or arrangement of isolation layer etc.. (4) Grouted rubble should be applied in the various drainage trenches in sections with heavy scouring and long -year immersion or street road sections, so as to make drainage easy and ensure that the drainage trenches will not be damaged. 2.4.2. Road surface The road surface is designed with axle load of double-wheel single axle (IOOKN) as the standard axle load: 10  (1) Running lane: Asphalt-grouted surface 6 cm thick; cement-stabilized bedding 20 cm thick; bedding course of natural sand and gravel or stone dregs 20 cm thick (2) Unsurfaced road shoulder: Arranged according to the requirement of GBM. 2.4.3. bridges and Culverts (1) Standard of design Width of middle and small bridges: net-9+2 X 1.5m, net-7+2 X 0.75m; width of big bridge: net-7.5+2 X 0.5m; Designed frequency of flood: 1/100 for big and middle bridges, 1/50 for small bridges and culverts; The whole route is located in the zone with earthquake intensity equal to or less than 6