Turkey - Second Industrial Training

 ICRR 10330 Report Number : ICRR10330 ICR Review Operations Evaluation Department 1. Project Data : OEDID: OEDID : L2922 Project ID : P008988 Project Name : Second Industrial Training Country : Turkey Sector : Vocational / Teacher Training L/C Number : L2922-TU Partners involved : None Prepared by : Rebecca Macina Reviewed by : Linda Ankrah Dove Group Manager : Gregory Ingram Date Posted : 06/11/1999 2. Project Objectives, Financing, Costs and Components : To improve the supply of technicians and trained technical teachers . To increase the supply of qualified staff in the expanding tourism sector . Objectives: a. To strengthen the Council for Higher Education's (YoK) capacity to plan and coordinate technician and technical/vocational teacher-training. b. To alleviate scarcities of technicians by expanding their pre -service training. c. To meet a projected shortfall of technical /vocational teachers by expanding the related training and improving its quality. d. To improve the Ministry of Culture and Tourism's (MCT) capacity to train skilled workers for the tourism sector . e. At a late stage in the project, a series of diagnostic studies in higher education was added as an amendment to provide a basis for higher education reform and future Bank lending in that context . Components: a. Management of Industrial Training at Y οK. --Existing management unit for technician training would be strengthened and expanded to enable it to carry out additional responsibilities in technical /vocational teacher training. b. Industrial Technician Training. --Increase the supply of technicians for industry by developing and expanding priority training programs in 20 Technician Training Centers (TTCs). --Provide services for curricula and subject development . --Provide fellowship training for instructors . --Provide equipment, furniture, and renovations or extensions to existing buildings for 20 TTCs. c. Vocational and Technical Teacher Training . --Provide technical assistance to establish new improved and shorter courses at the Faculty of Technical /Vocational Education (FTVEs). --Establish a Technology Department, a Technical /Vocational Education Department, and a Development and Instructional Support Unit at each FTVE . --Upgrade five FTVE facilities with equipment, furniture, and renovations or extensions to existing buildings . d. Tourism Sector Training. --Provide technical assistance and fellowships to strengthen the capacity of the MCT for planning and implementing basic-level tourism training programs. --Establish training courses for instructors at the Tourism Training Centers (TUREMs). --Provide equipment, furniture, renovations and /or extensions to existing buildings for 10 TUREMs. Costs: Appraisal estimate: $115.8 million  Actual: $113.5 million 3. Achievement of Relevant Objectives : Annual outputs of graduates from the FTVEs increased by 58% from 1990 to 1997; enrollments in the TTCs increased by 75% between 1995 and 1998. Three faculties for technical education and three faculties for vocational education were equipped and provided with staff training, whereas the projected number of faculties to be equipped were three and one, respectively . Reportedly, with extensive inputs of latest equipment and related curriculum and equipment training for instructors, the faculties were able to significantly raise the quality of graduates from technical and vocational teacher education . Because of the general pressure for entry to higher education, the faculties are operating at or beyond their theoretical capacity in enrollment terms, since they operate evening as well as day courses. In addition, the faculties are providing in -service training for the existing teachers in technical and vocational schools through summer courses, so that their facilities are well -used year-round. Twenty-two major post-secondary Technician Training Centers were fully equipped and curricula developed for the range of new programs; management training and training of instructors was provided . 4. Significant Achievements : None. 5. Significant Shortcomings : The ICR states during project preparation and appraisal, and also during the initial phase of implementation, that Bank staff were not fully aware of the institutional environment of higher education, and in particular of the dominant role of university rectors. The failure to take this into account during project design has meant that much supervision time had to be spent on garnering the support of rectors for project implementation in those institutions under their control. In one or two instances where rectors were not prepared to abide by Bank rules for utilization of equipment procured under the project, that equipment, and the related training courses using it, had to be transferred to other project institutions. ICR states a continuing source of difficulty in the project institutions has been the inability to recruit sufficient numbers of technicians to service and maintain training equipment and prepare laboratory and workshop facilities for training use . This problem has affected both TTCs and Faculties, but particularly the latter . It has been due partly to the inability to offer sufficiently competitive employment conditions to attract qualified technicians, but also because university rectors have been unable or unwilling to provide sufficient technician posts to respond to the expanding needs of the institutions . This calls into question the sustainability of the quality improvements reported. 6. Ratings : ICR OED Review Reason for Disagreement /Comments Outcome : Satisfactory Marginally Satisfactory Although quantitative targets for increases in training outputs were met, the institutional strengthening component did not achieve its objectives, raising doubt about the sustainability of benefits achieved. Institutional Dev .: Partial Modest Sustainability : Uncertain Unlikely Many difficulties encountered were due to the dominant role of university rectors who control many aspects of technical training centers within universities . If sustainability is dependent on cultivating the support of rectors for the financial and managerial future of the TTCs and Faculties, the project demonstrated the unlikelihood that this support can be maintained over the long-term. Bank Performance : Satisfactory Satisfactory Neither Bank staff nor the Borrower took into consideration the degree of autonomy of university rectors, and the extent of their control over project institutions . Although this factor was better understood later in the project and remedial actions taken, this oversight resulted in the significant shortcomings mentioned in section 5 above.  Borrower Perf .: Satisfactory Satisfactory The Borrower's performance is satisfactory in the narrow terms of the project's quantitative achievements . The institutional problems facing the borrower could not be solved through an investment loan alone. Quality of ICR : Satisfactory 7. Lessons of Broad Applicability : OED The project illustrates the importance of thorough analysis of relations in an institutional environment in ensuring that the risks to achieving project objectives are minimized and sustainability achieved . 8. Audit Recommended? Yes No Why? As a cluster audit with future large and innovative education lending program in Turkey and to follow up on lessons learned from OED audit of the predecessor project . 9. Comments on Quality of ICR : The quality of the ICR was generally satisfactory, but could have been less even -handed and more vigorously self-evaluative and analytical in reflecting on the achievements and shortcomings of the project .