China - Third Henan Highway Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 3 of 9) : Statement of environmental impact asessment

Em 304 VOL. 3 No.0206 First Class Certificate for EIA Issued by SEBA World Bank Loan Project Zhumadian-Xinvang Expressway of Jing-Zhu National Trunk Road Statement of Environmental Impact Assessment SNNED FILE CtPY 1 | F(,I | aeSp<L_ FILE to,'aipIa,'P mme or #) NrvCr GFT' ESW Co/Ho Aa1r. Itoc Environmental Protection Center Ministrv of Communications November, 1999   Compiler Environmental Protection Center Ministry of Communication (EPC) Director of EPC Mr.Gao Jie Technique Examiner : Mr.Lao hui Project team Leader Ms. Liu ying Project Team Member: Mr. Wang Dongwei Mr. Zhang wei Mr. Li yong Ms. Yu Chenyu Mr. Yang Shouyu Ms. Li Qiuxiang Source of Monitor Data: Henan Zhumadian Environmental monitor station Henan Xinyang Environmental monitor Station List of Report Written by Examined by Final Report Ms. Liu ying Mr. Lao hui Social Enviromental Impact Mr. Li yong Mr. Song guozhen Ecological and Water Mr. WangDongwei Mr. Liu zhigui Noise Enviroment Impact Mr. Zhang wei Mr.Liu zhigui Environment Impact Mr. Yang Shouyu Mr. Lao hui Air Enviroment Impact Ms. Yu Chenyu Mr. Song guozhen  A  Foreword The EIA work for the World Bank loan project of Zhumadian-Xinyang (95.15 km) expressway of Jing-Zhu (Beijing-Zhuhai) national trunk- road, undertaken by the Environmental Protection Center of the Ministry of Communications (EPC of MOC) is an important part of the trunk road construction. The Jing-Zhu national trunk road starting in the north from capital Beijing, via five provinces of Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan and Guangdong, and ending at Zhuhai, is one of the highway corridor in north-south direction with high capacity. The trunk road passes through eight cities in Henan province, i.e. Anyang, Hebi, Xinxiang, Zhenzhou, Xuchang, Leihe, Zhumadian and Xinyang, with total length about 525.56 km, which will be constructed by sections of seven projects. So far four projects of "Anyang-Xinxiang, Zhenzhou-Xinzhen, Xinzhen-Xuchang, Xuchang-Leihe" have been completed, with total length open to traffic about 271.86 kmn, accounting for 51.73% of the total mileage in Henan province. The Zhumadian-Xinyancg expressway of Jing-Zhu national trunk road starts in the north from the end point of Leihe-Zhumadian expressway of Jing-Zhu national trunk road going to be built, with its alignment along with the eastern side of Jing-Guang (Beijing-Guangzhou) railway southwards, via Queshan, Minggang, Xinyang, Segang and Jiuliguan, and ends at the border line between Henan and Hubai, with a total length of 132.99 km. The proposed road project in an integrated part of the Jing-Zhu national trunk road, which ill be of great significance in promotion of the economic development of Henan province and the neighbouring areas, improvement of the investment environment and development of local tourism resources. Total investment of the road project is estimated at CNY3,470 million. According to the "Law of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China", the "Regulations Concerning Environmental Protection for Construction Project", and the "Measures Concerning Environmental Protection Management for Communications Construction Project", an EIA should be conducted for the road project. At the end of January 1999, it is decided, by Henan Provincial Communications Department in consultation with the W'orld Baank, that the 132.99 km road of Zhumadian-Xinyang be divided into two projects: i.e. the first 95.15 krn as the World Bank loan project, and the rest 37. knm as domestic project. Entrusted by the Planning Division of the Henan Provincial Communications Department (HPCD), Environmental Protection Center of the Ministry of Communications undertook the EIA wvork for the Construction Project at the end of 1998. On the basis of the "Pre-feasibility Study Report" and the "Engineering I  Feasibility Study Report" for the road project completed b) the Henan Provincial Communications Survey and Design Institute (HPCSDI) in October 1997 and September 1998 respectively, the EPC of MOC made detailed survey and investigation along the road area at the end of 1998 and the beginning of 1999 respectively, with lots of relevant materials having been collected; in January 1999, the project leader and experts from the EPC of MOC and the experts from the World Bank discussed some of the issues conceming the road project; on the basis of which the "EIA Terms of Reference for ZhumaLdian-Xinyang Expressway of Jing-Zhu National Trunk Road" was completed by' the EPC of MOC in January 1999 and passed through the examination and acceptance in the expert meeting organized by the EIA center of the State Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) in February 1999. On 26 Mach 1999 a written reply was given by the SEPA concerning the terms of reference of the EIA for the road project. As the third highway project with the W\orld Bank loan in Henan province, great importance were attached to the road project by the World Bank experts, who did on- site survey together with the experts from China on some of the important road sections, with detailed requirements being set forth for the EIA work based on the survey in April 1999. In accordance with the requirements and the provisions as specified in the environrmental protection regulations and based on the on-site survev, current status environmental monitoring and the public participation investigation, the Statement of the EIA for the road project \vas comllpiled. We finished the first draft on May 1999.After several revision according to the contents from the environmental expert of world bank, we completed the last draft on November 1 999. The EIA working group wvould like to express their grateful acknowledgments of assistance from the following: SEPA. EPO of MOC. the experts from the World Bank, HPCD, HEPB, and the environmental monitoring station. 2  CONTENTS 1. General Introduction I 1.1 Outline of the project I 1.2 Purpose I 1.3 Laws and documents as the basis of the EIA statement I 1.4 Assessment procedures 2 1.5 Classification and scope of the EIA 4 1.6 Standards used in the EIA 4 1.7 Assessment method 6 1.8 Assessment time horizon 6 1.9 Assessment content and the highlights 7 1.10 Protection targets 8 2. Engineering Brief and Environmental Impact Analysis 9 2.1 Engineering brief 9 2.2 Analysis of the environmental impact caused by the road project 15 2.3 Analysis of the pollution caused by the road project 16 3. Assessment of Current Environmental Conditions 17 3.1 Outline of the natural environmental conditions 17 3.2 Outline of societal environment 19 3.3 Assessment of current status of ecological environment 22 3.4 Current status and assessment of acoustic environment 29 3.5 Current status and assessment of the ambient air quality 32 4. Prediction and Analysis of the Environmental Impact 34 4.1 Societal and economic impact assessment 34 4.2 Analysis of ecological environmental impact 39 4.3 Forecast and assessment of the impact on surface water environment 45 4.4 Forecast and assessment of the impact on ambient air quality 48 4.5 Forecast and assessment of the noise impact 56 i  S. Comparison of Alternative Schemes 65 5.1 Comparison between the situations with and without the expressway project 65 5.2 Altemative scheme A 66 5.3 Comparison in terms of engineering factor 66 5.4 Comparison in terms of environrmental factor 67 5.5 Conclusion of the comparisons 68 6. Environmental Protection Measures 69 6.1 Environmental protection measures in design period 69 6.2 Environmental protection measures in the construction period 70 6.3 Environrmental protection measures in the operation period 79 7. Cost-Benefit Analysis 83 7.1 Cost-benefit analysis for the road engineering project 83 7.2 Environmental protection investment and cost-benefit analvsis 91 8. Environmental Management and Monitoring plan 92 8.1 Environmental management plan 92 8.2 Environmental monitoring plan 100 9. Public Participation 104 9.1 Public participation survey 104 9.2 Statisties results of the public participation survey 105 9.3 Summary of the public opinion survey meetings 106 9.4 The public opinion and the response to the opinion 108 10. Conclusions of the EIA 109 10.1 Selection of the road alignment 109 10.2 Societal environmental impact 109 10.3 Ecological environrmental impact 109 10.4 Surface water environmental impact 110 10.5 Ambient air impact 110 10.6 Acoustic environmental impact IlI 10.7 Assessment conclusions 111 ii  1. General Introduction 1.1 Outline of the project The Jing-Zhu (Beijing-Zhuhai) national trunk road is one of the "five lateral and seven longitudinal" backbones planned by the Ministry of Communications (MOC). The Henan Provincial Communications Survey and Design Institute (HPCSDI) undertook the pre-feasibility study of the road section of Jing-Zhu national trunk road in Henan province in 1989 and completed the "Feasibility Study Report for the Road Section of Jing-Zhu National Trunk Road" in August 1992. Construction of the first road section of expressway of Zhenzhou-Xinxiang commenced in 1992. and so far four road section projects have been accomplished with total length open to traffic up to 271.86km, accounting for 51.7% of the overall road section in Henan province. The Zhumadian-Xinyang expressway is the last project of the road section in Henan province. The HPCSDI undertook the pre-feasibilitv study of the road section of Zhumadian-Xinyang of the Jing-Zhu national trunk road in 1998 and completed the "Feasibility Study Report for the Road Section of Zhumadian-Xinvang of the Jing-Zhu National Trunk Road" in September 1998. At the moment the preliminary design of the road project is underway and it has been taken as the third road project financed with the World Bank loan. In January and April more investigation and survev were conducted and the desk work is expected to be finished by the end of this year. The engineerinp work of the proposed road project is to be started in January 2000 and completed in December 2002 and oper. to traffic in January 2003. The planned national trunkl road and the location of proposed road project are shown in Figure 1- 1. 1.2 Purpose (1) To investigate, monitor and analysis the current status of the quality of the physical environment, the ecological environment and the social environment along the proposed road area of the Zhumadian-Xinyang expressway, and to understand the current status of the environmental quality and capacity. (2) To forecast and assess the environmental impact of the proposed road in the construction period and the operation period; and to analysis the scope and extent of the impact. (3) Based on the environmental impact of the proposed road, to set forth practical environmental protection measures and recommendations so as to minimize the effects of the negative impacts and to make road construction to be in harmony with environrment protection and development. 1.3 Laws and documents as the basis of the EIA statement 1.3.1 State laws and regulations (1) "Law of Environmental Protection of the People' s Republic of China"  i~P NIAPl 119'co{grapical|a Locatizzi o.I Zthil5iii EsxpreSM11,81  December, 1989; (2) "Law of Water and Soil Retention of the People' s Republic of China" June, 1991; (3) "Land Law of the People' s Republic of China" (4) "Law of Air Pollution Prevention and Control of the People' s Republic of China"; (5) "Law of Water Pollution Prevention and Control of the People' s Republic of China"; (6) "Law of Environmental Noise Pollution Prevention and Control of the People' s Republic of China" ; (7) "Law of Cultural Relics and Historical Sites Protection of the People' s Republic of China"; (8) "Regulations Concerning Environmental Protection for Construction Project", Directives No. 253 issued by the State Council, November. 1998; (9) "Notice to Strengthen the Envirornmental Impact Assessment and Management of Construction Project Financed by Loan from International Financial Organizations" jointly issued by SEPA. State Planning Commission, the Ministrv of Finance and People' s Bank of China in 1993; (10) "Measures Concerning Environmental Protection Management for Communications Construction Project" MOC Ordinance No.17, 1990; 1.3.2 Local regulations "Interim Regulations Conceming Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in Huaihe River Basin" 1.3.3 Technical specifications (1) "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment" (General Principle, Air Environment. Surface Water Environment), HJIT2.1 -2.3-93; (2) "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment" (Acoustic Environment). HJ/T2.4-95; (3) "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment" (No-pollution Ecological Impact), HJIT19-97; (4) "Specifications for Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway Construction Project" JTJO05-96 (Trial), January, 1996; (5) The World Bank Operational Manual, Operational Policies, 4.01, January 1999 1.3.4 The project proposal and relevant reports (1) "Power of Attomey Concerning the EIA Work for Zhumadian-Xinyang Expressway of Jing-Zhu National Trunk Road" , issued by Henan Provincial Communications Department, December, 1998; (2) ,Pre-feasibility Study Report for Zhumadian-Xinyang Expressway of Jing-Zhu 2  National Trunk Road", ,Henan Provincial Communications Survey and Design Institute. December, 1997; (3) ,Engineering Feasibility Study Report for Zhumadian-Xinyang Expressway of Jing-Zhu National Trunk Road", September, 1998; (4) "Recommendation of the Construction Project" by Submitting the -Engineering Feasibilitv Study Report for Zhumadian-Xinyang Expressway of Jing- Zhu National Trunk Roadr ,jointly made by Henan Provincial Planning Commission and Henan Provincial Communications Survey and Design Institute; (5) "Letter of Reply on the Comments C'oncerning Examination of the TOR of the EIA for Zhumadian-Xinyang Expressway of Jing-Zhu National Trunk- Road" , SEPA, [1999]No.27, March, 1999; (6) Other relevant documents and regulations. 1.4 Assessment procedures Figure 1-2 shows the assessment procedures. Set up EIA Proje (EPC of MOC entrusted by HPCD) On-site survey, material iction Consultation ] (Experts from EPC of MOC \\'orld Bank) Compilation of EIAT Approval of EIAA (SEPA) Current status monitil Engineering analysis Current status assess Cur CompilationCurreofcondAion urEeP r Forecast of each ofA EIA e |farctor assessed .loperation period _ EIA analysis. EIA >,& forecastEniomt |construction period |||protection measue- Cmilation of EIA repot A Comments from I Local EPB Pre-review of EIA reot| (EPO of MOC) Examination & api3 (SEPA / World Bank) Figure 1-2 Procedures of the EIA 3  1.5 Classification and scope of the EIA 1.5.1 Classification of the EIA Category A projects refers to the projects that are highly risky or that involve serious and multidimensional environmental concerns, such as direct pollutants emnissions to cause air, water or soil pollution, or large scale ground surface damages around the work site, great consumption of forest and other natural resources, great changes of hydrological conditions, risks owing to hazardous materials storage, the societal impact caused by involuntary resettlement and other important issues. Since there might be major negative impact on the environment caused by the road project and comprehensive EIA work need to be carried out, the EIA for this road project should be Category A. 1.5.2 Scope of the EIA According to the ,Specifications of the Environmental Impact Assessment Scope for Highway Construction Project", taking into consideration of the concrete situation along the Zhumadian-Xinyang expressway, the assessment scope for the road project is as follows: (1) Social environment: the area directly affected by the road project as expounded in the feasibility study report. (2) Ecological environment: the area within 300m from both sides of the center line of the road: (3) Surface water environment: the area within 200m from both sides of the road, s center line; (4) Ambient air: the area within 200m from both sides of the road' s center line. (5) Ambient noise: the area within 260 m from both sides of the road' s center line. (6) Cultural relics and historic sites: the area within 260 m from both sides of the road' s center line. 1.6 Standards used in the EIA (1) Surface water: The Class III standard in the "Surface Water Qualitv Standard" (GB3838-88) is to be used for surface water environrnental assessment. as shown in Table 1-1. Table 1-1 Surface water quality standard (GB3838 - 88) Category I | II | III IV | V PH 6.5_8.5 l 6-9 CODM,i < 2 4 6 8 10 Oil < 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5 1.0 Pb < 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 Note The unit is mg /1. except for PH Categor) I applicable to water source, State natural preservation zone; Categorv 11 applicabic to Class I preservation zone of water source for collecting water supply system. rare 4  fish preservation area and fish and shrimp spawning area, Category 111 applicable to Class 11 preservation zone of water source for collecting water supply sv stem. ordinary fish preservation area and swiming area: Category IV applicable to general industry water use area and entertainment water area non-direct contact with human body; Categor) V applicable to agricultural water use area and general landscape area. The Class II standard in the "Comprehensive Sewage Water Discharge Standard- (GB8978-1996) is to be used for the assessment of the sewage water discharge from the rest area, as shown in Table 1-2. Table 1-2 Comprehensive sewage discharge standard (GB8978 - 1996) ._______________________ Applicable scope Class I Ciass 11 Class Ill PH All 6-9 6-9 fi_9 SS Other 70 150 400 BODs Other 20 30 300 CODcr Other 100 150 500 Oil All 5 10 20 Pb All 1.0 Note: The unit is mg /1, except for PH. Class I applicable to sewage to be discharged into Categorv 111 water area specified in GB3838-88. Class II applicable to sewage to be discharged into Category IV and V water areas specified in GB3838-88. Class III applicable to sewage to be discharged into urban water discharge system to be connected wn ith tmo- stage sewvage treatment plant (2) Ambient air: The Class II standard in the "Ambient Air Quality Standard" (GB3095-96) is to be used for ambient air assessment, as shown in Table 1-3. Table 1-3 Ambient air quality assessment standard Concentration limit Pollutant Remarks Class I Class 11 Class Rmr Daily average 4_00 4.00 6.00 One-hour average 10 00 10.00 20.00 NO. Daily average 0.10 0.10 0.15 Class II standard of GB'3095 - One-hour average 0.15 0 15 0.30 1996 TSP DailI' average 0.12 0(.30 0.50 Pb [ Quarterly average 1.50 ug / Nm3 Note: Class I applicable to natural preservation zone. scenic spots area and other special preservation area: Class 11 applicable to resident area commercial & traffic area. cultural area, general industry & rural area. Class III applicable to special industrial area. (3) Ambient noise: The "Ambient Noise Standard for Urban Area" (GB3096-93) is be used for the noise assessment as follows: Class IV standard for areas within a distance of 200 meters from the central line of the road, with the standard upper limit of 70dB by day and 55dB by night, and Class I standard for the sensitive areas (schools. hospitals, etc.) with the standard upper limit of 55dB by day and 45dB by night. The "Standard Noise Limit for Construction Site" (GB12523-90) is be used for 5  assessment for the construction period. (4) Soil (Pb) standard: For ecological envirornmental assessment, the Class 1T standard of GB 15618 - 1995 " Soil Environmental Quality Standard" and the standard ofGB14935 - 94 "Hygiene Standard of Pb Limit in Food" are applicable. as shown in Table 1-4 and Table 1-5. Table 1-4 Soil environmental quality standard (GBI5618-1995) (Unit: mg/kg) Soil class Class I Class 11 Class IIl PH Natura! background < 6.5 65 57.55 > > 6.5 PbS 35 50 300 350 500 Note: Class I applicable to natural preservation area and collecting drinking water source area: Ciass 11 applicable to general farm land, vegetable land, tea garden, orchard, pasture land, and etc.; Class IIl applicable to wood land and the farm land near mineral area Table 1-5 Hygiene standard of Pb limit in food (GB14935-94) I Grain Vegetable Bean Root crop Pb I 04 0.2 0.P 0-1 1.7 Assessment method In accordance with the "Specifications for Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway Construction Project" combined with the concrete situation of the Construction Project, the assessment method adopted in the EIA is as follows. (1) The assessment shall be made by road sections. For one road section, the principle of ,combining points with lines, with emphasis on points, representing road section with typical points" shall be adopted. (2) For the environmental protection target, i.e. the environmentally sensitive spot. the assessment shall be made spot by spot. (3) Modeling and analogue methods are to be used for forecast and assessment of air, noise, soil erosion and surface water environmental impact; survey and statistic analysis for social environment and ecological environment assessment. 1.8 Assessment time horizon According to the time schedule of the engineering work and the traffic forecast. the time horizon for the assessment is to be set as follows: For current status assessment: the year of 1999; For forecast and assessment: the construction period over 2000-2003 short term operation period 2003 mid term operation period 2010 long operation period 2020. 6  1.9 Assessment content and the highlights (1) Assessment content According to the identification of the environmental impact. the following assessments are to be made. (i) Societal environmental impact assessment: mainly on the negative impact arising from resettlement, partition of the villages, on the local residents' living standards, land occupation, and the road project' s economic benefits and significance to the local economic development. (ii) Ecological environmental impact assessment: mainly on the issues of water and soil erosion caused by construction work, the farmers' loss owning to the land occupation, damage of cover plants and recovery of the plants. (iii) Surface water environmental impact assessment: in terms of the parameters of CODM,, pH, Oil and SS. (iv) Ambient noise impact assessment: Construction period: mainly the impact of construction noise on the local resident areas; -Operation period: mainlv the impact of the traffic noise on the sensitive spots along the road area. (v) Ambient air impact assessment: in terms of the parameters of CO. NOx. TSP. (vi) Public participation. (vii) Alternative schemes. (viii) Environmental protection and control measures. (2) Highlights of the assessment (i) Ecological environmental impact assessment Of the total 91.5 km road area covered by the recommended scheme. there are 58.7 km being bevond north of Huaihe river, which belong to plain area, where agricultural ecological impact is the emphasis of assessment, owing to the impact of farm land occupation: and there are 36.4 km road area being from the southem banlc of the Huaihe river to the end of the proposed road project, which is dominated by hill) land crisscrossed with rivers, where water and soil erosion is the emphasis of the assessment. (ii) Ambient noise impact assessment The ambient noise impact assessment is highlighted on the sensitive points of the 38 villages and 3 primarv schools and one chicken farm along the road area. (iii) Surface water environmental impact Since the road project will cross over four big rivers with some areas along the up stream of the river, the water environmental protection in the construction period is the emphasis of the EIA.  1.10 Protection targets According to the materials frovided by the design unit and the on-site survey along the road area, the following environmental sensitive spots. i.e. protection targets. have been identified. (i) Surface water Since the road project is to cross over the nrvers of Huaihe. Zentouhe and etc., with potential impact on water quality during the construction period. The sensitive surface water points are listed in Table 1-6. Table 1-6 Sensitive points of surface water No Location River name Environmental feature I ;k10+400 Shahe Medium bridge. 70 m. 2 k31+650 Zhentouhe Large bridge. 165 m., road crossing over river 3 k58i-750 Huaihe Extra-large bridge. 805 mi.. road crossing over river 4 k80-700 Yanghe Large bridge. 205 mi.. road crossing reservoir for the first time. (ii) Villages and schools In addition to the farm land and the rivers, the protection targets are villages and schools. There is no hospital along the road area. Table 1-7 shows the sensitive spots of villages and Table 1-8 shows the sensitive spots of schools. Table 1-7 Summary of the sensitive spots of villages withing 260m from expressway No- Location Name of village & Distance from road No. of household No. of people N o. Locat ionT1 town (i) affected afiected I K I-100 Zhanglou 40 34 220 2 K3+180 Shenzhuang 170 21 89 3 K3+910 Xiaozhongzhuang 170 14 57 4 K4+700 Weigang 60 120 596 5 K5+000 Xinzhuang 60 103 524 6 K K6+400 Guanzhuang 80 65 250 7 1K8+300 Liuzhuang 60 43 167 8 K9 i600 Lizhuang 60 38 152 9 K10+850 Xianglin 80 96 371 10 KI I +680 Guchengxiang 60 Chicken farm, about 10.000 chick-ens 11 K12- 500 Lilou 80 67 257 12 K13-+800 Shuanglou 60 39 155 13 K15-260 Guozhuang 150 11 42 14 K16+050 Duanzhuang 80 46 223 15 K 199+000 Zhaozhuang 100 26 96 16 K19+870 Qianzhuang 180 17 78 17 K21+250 Mazhuang 80 27 98 18 K21-250 Huozhuang 80 30 143 19 K22-+-300 Luozhuang With resettlement 16 58 to be continued 8  Table, 1-7 Summary of the sensitive spots of villages wvithing 260m from expressvvay Name of villace &- Distance from road No. of household NoC of people No. Location town (im) affected affected 20 K22+700 Qucaivuan With resettlement 53 190 21 K23-200 Daquzhuang With resettlement 48 169 22 K24+270 Dadongzhuang 100 72 296 23 K24-270 Erdongzhuang 100 94 482 24 K26+600 Xueving 120 45 219 25 K33+100 Zhaolou I00 27 96 26 K33-560 Dapanzhuang With resettlement 32 126 27 K39+830 Tangwo 80 53 264 28 K41-+520 Dujiazhuang 90 24 92 29 K42+850 Jiangzhuang With resenlement 48 251 30 K43-700 Dailou With resettlement 52 | 238 31 K45+550 Laohuangzhuang 60 34 136 32 K48+300 Xinzhuang 120 40 165 33 K50+610 Xiaojiangzhuang With resettlement 22 92 34 K52+000 Xiaoliuzhuang 1(0 19 85 35 K52-700 Gaotanggeng 80 43 174 36 K55+100 Mazhenzhuang With resettlement 28 117 37 K59+300| Xichenwan 60 16 63 38 K72 200 J Changzhuang I00 25 103 39 K66-830 i Laogang 70 _I 5O 40 K69-680 Xiwa 60 21 58 41 K71+150 Xiaowangzhuang 80 16 63 42 K82-650 Hou Woniudian 80 10 38 43 K8|5-100 Yangjiagang 60 | 24 94 44 K93+400 ] Yuanwan 30 20 104 Table 1-8 Sensitive points of schools along the area 260m from the road No Location Name of school Distance (m) Number of student I 1 K48+600 Xinzhuang primary school 80 200 2 K56--950 Zhenzhuang priman' school 100 400 K6 1-110 Sandaohe primary school 90 200 Note: There is no hospital and school between 200 to 260m. 2. Engineering Brief and Environmental Impact Analvsis 2.1 Engineering brief 2.1.1 Geographical location of the road project The proposed road project of Zhumadian-Xinyang expressway (provincial border area section) starts in the north from the end point of the Lohe-Zhumadian expressway of the Jing-Zhu national trunk road, on the eastern side of the Jing-Guang (Beijing- Guangzhou) railway, southwards via the major cities of Queshan, Minggang, Xinyang, and ends at the national trunk road No. 312 the eastern of Xinang, with total length of 95.15km, of which 57.45km are in Zhumadian area and 37.7km are in Xinyang area. 9  Figure 1-1 and 1-2 show the geographical location of the road project. 2.1.2 Road alignment and the main control point The starting point of the road alignment is at k67+200 the end point of the Lohe- Zhumadian expressway; then it crosses over the Lianjiang river with one interchange set on the southern bank of the river connecting with the Jinqiao economic development zone; after which it goes along the western side of the high voltage power transmission line southwards passing through the Wugui coal mineral area (unmined coal) along Liuyuan, Xianglin and Wuqiao crossing over the rivers of Nihe and Shahe; further southwards connecting the Queshan-Liudian highway with one interchange; crossing over the Zhentouhe river at Erfangzhuang via Huozhuang, Zhangluzhuang, Dadongzhuang and Xueying; southwards by east until Liudaqiao theii southwards again passing through the high voltage power transmission line and the Dajinshan and crossing over the Xinandian highway and the Shunshandian highway; to reach the Dazhouzhuang and connect the Zhengyang highway with one interchange after passing through the eastem side of the Lixindian military airport and the western side of Gaozhuang; then southwards and reaches the border area of Zhumadian and Xinyang at k57+450. Once in to the Xinyang area the road crosses over the Huaihe river with one extra- large bridge, then southwards along the eastem side of the high voltage power transmission line, via the east of Hudianxiang, crossing over the rivers at Dawangzhuang and Gaowan respectively; further south southwards into the hilly area: crossing over the southem and the northem rivers of the Yanghe respectively and intersecting the Xinyang-Zhebgyang highway with one simple style interchange; after which there are about 12km of the road in the hilly and depression area crisscrossed with rivers pond and lakes, connecting the national road No.3 12 at k95+ 150 with one interchange as the end point of the road project. The main control points are as the following. (1) Cities: Zhumadian, Queshan, Minggang and Xinyang; (2) Rivers: the four rivers of Shanhe and Zhentouhe to the north-east and the south- east of Queshan respectively; the Huaihe and Yanghe in the Xinyang area, (3) Mineral area: the big mineral areas along the road project area (detailed analysis see 4.1.7); (4) The high voltage power transmission line. The start point of the road project is to the south-east of the Transformer Station of the Xinyang region, and in between the tow high voltage power transmission lines in south-north direction with less than 2km apart from the Station. 2. .3 Traffic forecast 10  The traffic forecast for the Zhumadian-Xinyang expressway of the Jing-Zhu national trunk road is summarized in Table 2 1. Table 2-1 Summar, of the traffic forecast (Unit: Vehicle/day) Forecast with high growth rate Year Expressway traffic Traffic volume in the existinz road Transferred traffic Newly added traffic Total Convenred PCU Convened PCU onverted_PCU Covered medium passenger vehicle 2003 j 19.815 1.982 21,79 J 6.131 2004 22.033 1 2,206 24.236 6.168 2005 24A499 2.4 50 26.949 6.820 2006 27,240 2,721 29.961 7.191 2007 30,289 3.029 33,318 7.583 2008 33,679 3.368 37,046 7.996 2009 37.447 3.745 41.192 8.431 2010 41.638 4,164 45,802 8,891 2011 43,637 4.361 48.001 9.240 2012 45,732 4,573 50.305 9.603 2013 47.927 4,793 52,720 9.980 2014 50.227 5.023 55.250 10.371 2015 J 52.639 5.264 57.902 10.779 2016 ! 55,165 5,517 60.682 1 1.202 2017 57.813 5,781 ! 63.595 11.642 2018 60.817 6,082 T 66.898 11.829 2019 63.976 6.398 70.37. J2 12n19 2020 67.299 6.730 74.029 12.212 2 2] S 70,795 7.080 77,875 12.408 L 2022 0 74.473 7.447 J 81.920 12.607 2.1.4 Construction scale of the road project The construction scale of the road project is as follows. (1) Total road length is 95.15km, design speed 120km/h. and subgrade width 28m. (2) There are five interchanges at Zhumadian, Queshan, Minggang and Xinvano respectively to be connected with the local road network. (3) There are a total of 42 bridges, of which one is extra-large bridge. 6 large bridges. 20 medium bridges, 15 small bridges. (4) There are a total of 19 separated grade crossings without ramps. (5) There are newly built 68 culverts, 156 passages and 4 flv-overs. (6) The traffic engineering facilities are to be built concurrently, except for those of the monitoring and surveillance, communications and toll system, which are to be integrated and accomplished step by step based on the overall design. 2.1.5 Major technical indicators of the engineering design The landform along the road area is characteristic of plain and light hilly and  changing from north to south; meanwhile the area economic development level shows a declining trend, with much higher traffic volume in the south than that in the north. The design speed is 120 kmlh, subgrade width 28 m and horizontal clearance of bridge deck 2 X 12 m. The technical indicators of the engineering design are in Table 2-2. Table 2-2 Main technical indicators of the engineering design Item | Unit kO+000-k95+ 1 50 A Design speed km/h 120 B Subgrade I Subgrade width m 28 2 Carriageway width n 2 X 7.50 3 Median width m 4.50 4 Median strip width m 3.00 5 leftside curb width m 2 X 0.75 6 Hard shoulder width | m 3.5 7 Earth shoulder width |m 0.75 C Route i Minimum radius of horizontal curve m 1,000 2 Minimum stopping sight distance m 210 3 Maximum longitudinal gradient/ieneth i 0/0/ m 3 / 900 4 Ultimate minimum radius of vertical curve m 11000 / 4000 5 Minimum iength of vertical curve m 100 D Bridge / culvert . I Bridge deck net width m 2 x 12.00 2 Design load capacit% . Vehicle - super 20. trailer - 1 20 _ 3 Design flood frequenc| 1/100 (1/300 for extra-larae brid2e) E Pavement I I Pavement type | Bitumen concrete 2 Cross gradient 2 F Access/exit control | full access / exit control G Traffic engineering facilities To be completed together with the roadway except for the traffic. control & surveillance, communication and toll faciNlk. which shall be completed step by step later on 2. .6 Main engineering work The estimation of the main engineering work amount for Zhumadian-Xinvang expresswav is shown in Table 2-3. Table 2-3 Estimation of main engineering work amount Name of engineering work Unit kO+000- k95- 150 Sub2rade _ Earth m3 14.907.576 Stone m3 57.635 Drainage protection m3 535.496 Special subgrade treatment km 15.5 Sand gravel bed course m2 1.015.358 Cement lime stabilized soil m2 2,639.455 to e continue. 12  Table 2-3 Estimation of main engineering work amount Name of engineering workl Uni; k0+000195+ 150 Cement stabilized macadam | 2 2,378.405 Bitumen concrete 358.020 Water stop ni 189,81 8E Curb stone nm 185,5 18 Culvert No 68 Small bridge m/No 315 / 15 Median bridge in/No. 888/ 20 Large bridge mI/No. 840 /6 Extra-large bridge mn/No. 805 / I Junctions Interchange No. 5 Separated interchange No. 19 Underpass No. 156 Overpass No. 4 Others Land acquisition mu 8.005 Rest area No. I 2.1 .7 Distribution and transport conditions for road construction materials (1) Stone materials The road construction materials for Zhurnadian-Xinyang (provincial border area) expressway are unevenly distributed along the road area. The stone materials and its products mainly rely on Wuliang in Yuxian county, Xiushan in Queshan, with lonce transport distance. (2) Sand Suiping in Zhumadian, Pingqiao in Xinyang, Changtaiguan are famous sand materials production bases in Henan province, with good quality and great amount of supply to meet the demand of engineering work. (3) Earth The subgrade of the expressway has to be high owing to the fact that various interchanges have to be built, particularly in the plain area. with many junctions criss- crossed with local roads. Therefore great amount of earth are needed, some of farm land will have to be occupied, with the details shown in 4.2.6. There are sandy soil along river area with good permeability, which can be used as major filling material for the subgrade of the road section. (4) Water Most of the water supply for the engineering work shall rely on underground water, which is of good quality and can be used for engineering purpose as well as for daily life. Sources and supply of main construction materials 13  The construction materials of steel, cement, bitumen and wood can be supplied from the market at Zhumadian. Queshan, Minggang and Xinyang: and any of the shortfalls can be supplied from the market in other provinces. 2.1.8 Introduction to the alternative schemes Alternative Scheme A The basic idea of the alternative Scheme A is taking into consideration of the bridge location over Shahe river to the north-east of Queshan. Total length of Scheme A is 25 km on east side of the recommnended scheme. In comparison with the recommended scheme, the Scheme A is characteristic of short bridge length, straight, and with shorter length passing through Wugui coal mineral area; it is, however, further away from Queshan, and the location of the interchange is not good and will have to intersect with the high voltage power transmission lines twice; therefore it is only an alternative. 2.1.9 Cost estimation and engineering work schedule (1) Cost estimation Total cost estimation for the recommended scheme of the road project is CNY 2,458.7756 million, CNY 25.841 million per kilometer, of which CNY 1,580.2939 million are construction installation engineering cost accounting for 64.27% of the total. Financing for the road project shall be arranged as follows: the grant from the Ministry of Communications CNY 570.9 million; the World Bank, loan USD 150 million (CNY 1,254 million); with the rest of CNY 642.8756 million financed bv the Henan prov'ince. After completion of the road, toll will be collected to pay back the loan. (2) Engineering work schedule It has been preliminarily decided that the engineering work of the road project shall be started in the year of 2000 and accomplished by the end of 2002 and open to the traffic in 2003. Table 2.1-4 shows the time schedule of the engineering work. Table 2.1-4 Time schedule of the engineering work Time Months Engineering work accomplished Sept 1999-2000 12 Work plan design, bidding. land acquisition and resettlement Clear the work site, filling & compact. medium & small structures Jan -May. 2000 6 Soft ground treatment, subgrade filling. bridge construction started Subgrade basically completed. medium & small structures accomplished June-Sept.. 2000 4 Superstructure of large & medium bridges, small bridges & culverts accompilshed Oct.-2001 5 Large and medium bridge superstructures accomplished and subgrade protection June-Dec.. 2001 7 Bridge deck, pavement base course Jan -May. 2002 5 Pavement, rest area June-Oct.. 2002 5 j Subgrade and pavement drainage, traffic engineering tacilities No -Dec-.. 2002 2 J Environmental engineering, traffic engineering check and acceptance 14  2.2 Analysis of the environmental impact caused by the road project The area directly affected by the road project involves the areas of Zhumadian and Xinvang, both of which are-important cities in the southern part of Henan province in termns of geographical position and resources distribution. The road project will play an important role in the economic development along the road area, however, it will inevitably have certain negative impact on the environment. Total length of the road is 95.1 km, and the road area is plain and light hilly, with rich resources. Table 2-5 shows the sumrnmary of qualitative analysis the environmental impact. taking into considerations of the activities in different periods of the project. Table 2-5 Summary of analysis of the environmental impact 1 Construction period Operation period Pre E.S Mach TSP Mater Trasp L.Ca Wast TN RT PR TA RS Rest Noise _ - Water quality 0O-__ 0- 0- 0- Ambient Air quality 0- . 0- =- Vibration 0 - C- 0- Land use ._ Farm land O- Eco Cover plant . _ 0- - - Soil erosion - - l l Irigation system rn - l - - - _ - - l Land acquisition |- | I Temporary use | - l - l - - Resettlement | - - - - - - l Societal RoadtnFc - _r - - | - - = = - .+ - - Farm production | - 0- || Development _.+ .+ 0- Cultural relics - *- l - _ 4 4_- - - - Employment - *- - 0+ O+ *- l - Communications - _ = - | O-=- .+ - - - Living Tourism * O+ O standard Living environmt. 0- 0- *- 0- - - I 0 Landscape l + Safety | | - |- - O - 0+ *+ 0|- Pre - Preparation. ES - Earth & stone work. Mach Machine mork, Miater - Materiais storage site, Transp - Materials transport. L Cm - Labour camp. Wast - Wastes water, T N - Transport network. R T - Road transport. P.R - Pavement run-off T A - Trafflc accident. R.S - Road structures, Rest - Rest area, * TSP 5: bitumen smoke. Note . conspicuous impact. *general impact. Osmall impact, + positive impact, - negative impact 15  2.3 Analksis of the pollution caused by the road project 2.3.1 The pollutant source in the construction period (I) Impact on ecological environment (1) The cutting and filling work in the construction period will damage the cover plants along the road area; farm land occupation will have impact on the agricultural ecological system along the road area; soil erosion would occur during the raining season in road subgrade construction period. (ii) Some of the water irrigation system will have to be changed due to the road project, which may have impact on the agricultural production. (2) Noise pollution There would be noise pollution arising from the road construction machinery in the construction period, such as the piling machine used for soft ground treatment, the bulldozer and roller used for subgrade filling and compaction, and etc., will produce non-stable noise with serious impact on the surrounding area. (3) Pollutant sources for water environment (i) The oil and lubricants from the construction machines may be brought into the water body by rain. (ii) The wastes and sewage water from the labour camp may also pollute the water bodyv. (iii) The bulk construction materials stored in the open air may be broucht into the water bodv bv rain. (4) Air pollution (i) Flving dusts Flying dusts or TSP usually occur in the construction work site of the mixing plant. along the construction materials transport route and loading and unloading work site. and the bulk materials storage area, particularly when the wind speed is high. (ii) Bitumen smoke During the process of mixing and paving of the bitumen concrete materials. there will be impact of bitumen smoke pollutant. 2.3.2 The pollutant sources in operation period (I) Traffic noise In the operation period of the expressway there will be impact of traffic noise on the near-by school, resident area and other sensitive areas. (2) Ambient air pollution There will be impact of the pollutants from the traffic emissions, including CO. NOx and etc.. (3) Sewage and waste water (i) The sewage and waste water (vehicle washing) from the service and rest areas will be the pollutant source for the water body. (ii) The pavement run-off is also the pollutant source for the water body. 16  3. Assessment of Current Environmental Conditions 3.1 Outline of the natural environmental conditions 3.1.1 Land form Zhumadian area is located in the southern part of Henan province to the south of Shayinhe river and to the north of Huaihe river. The terrain of the whole area is south- east-dip from the north-west, with gradient over 1/4,000- 1/10,000. Mountain area accounts for 20. 1% of the total, hilly area 13.4%, plain area 47.4% and topographical low land 19.1%. The areas to the west of Jing-Guang railway are hilly land with altitude over 80-983 m, which are part of the Funiu and Tongbai mountain ranges; and the areas to the east of Jing-Guang railway are vast plain, with altitude over 3:2-99 m and with some lower land and sporadic mounds. The Project within Zhumadian area mainly passing through the east and south-east plain area and some of the lower land of Queshan county. Xinyang region is located in the southern part of Henan province, bordering on Dabieshan mountain in the south and Tongbaishan mountain in the south-west, with its landform in the south higher than that in the north, a little bit north-east dip, characteristic of terraced distribution of mountain, hilly land, mound and plain form the south to the north. Of the total region, mountain area accounts for 3 6.9%, with altitude over 500 m; hilly land accounts for 38.5%. with altitude over 100-300 m; plain area accounts for 17%, with gradient over 1/1,000-1/3,000 and altitude over 30-50. lower land area accounts for 7.6%, with altitude below 35 m, with the lowest of 22 m. The alignment of the expressway is within the areas of Xinyang. 3.1.2 Meteorological conditions The Zhumadian-Xinyang area passed by the national trunk road is belong to transition area from subtropical monsoon climate to warm temperate semi-dry and semi- humidity climate with clear four seasons per year and abundant rainfall. Table 3.1-1 shows the main features of the meteorological conditions. Table 3.1-1 Summary of the meteorological conditions along the road area Annual average Relative Rainfall Extreme temperature ('Cl Annual average Stil air temDerature (C) humidity (%) (mm) Highest Lowest wind speed(rn/s) frequenc, (%I Zhumadian 14 9-15.3 73 850-960 4;3.7 -20 7 2 5 Xinyang 5 S 2 75 900-1300 42.5 -21 4 27 20 Figure 3.1-1 and Figure 3.1-2 show the average annual wind direction rose for Zhumadian and Xinyang respectively. The prevailing wind direction in Zhumadian area is N followed by NW and NNW with average annual wind speed of 2.5mnls. The prevailing wind direction in Xinyang area is N followed by NE, with average annual wind speed of 2.7m.s. 17  Fi-rure 3.1-1 Wind rose map for Zhumadian Figure 3.1-2 Wind rose map for Xinvrang Table 31-2 shows the frequency of the atmospheric stability, in the area alonp- the proposed road. It can be seen from the Table that the highest frequency 's 41.4% for stability D (Neutral), followed by, 3 5. 1% for stability EF (stable). Table 3.1-2 Average annual atmospheric stabilit, frequency(% A -B (Unstable) C (Sub-stable) | D (Neutral) E -F (Stable) 15.3 8.2 41.1 13. 3.1.3 Hydrological condit'ion The rivers along the Constr-uction Project area mainly include Shanhe river to the north-east of Queshan, Zhentouhe river to the south-east of Queshan and Huaihe river and Yanghe river within Xinyang. The Shahe river to the north-east of Queshan meets with Taohe river and Sanlihe river at Wugruiqiao, where thev become one river. The Zhentouhe river rises in Qiannianling mountain to the northwest of Queshan county with total length within the county area being 72km, the maximum flow volume at Wuzhaihe section being about 3.,250m-'/s, and the drainage area within the county 1,450km , and is the longest river in Queshan. 18  The Huaihe river in Xinyang rises in Taibaiding of Tongbaislhan mountain with total length in the county being 122km. max.mum width of the river bed being 600m. the drainage area in the county being 2,012km2, the average flood flow 5,845m2/s and the annual average flow passing through the county area about 712 million m-'. Yanghe river is one of the big river in the north of Xinvang with a number of small reservoirs at the upper stream of the river. 3.2 Outline of societal environment 3.2.1 Societal/economic condition of the area directly affected by the road project The road project passes through the Zhumadian area and Xinvang area longitudinally with economically affected area being great. The Zhumadian area is located at 32