China : nightsoil management improvement study in Hubei

 71798 S RWSGEAP: Environmental Sanitation Study China: Nightsoil Management Improvement Study in Hubel July 1995 L~RARy,INTEPNAT~ONALREFERENCE CENTRE FOR COMM~.j) ~YWAIER SUPPLY AND SAN1TATIr~J(IRC) P.O. 8ox c.~3~9O2509 AD The Hague ~ TeL (070) 8149ii ext 141/142 I~Og uj~4~i/ - LO: ~ (~J~1~qs - ~ Program  UNDPJWorld Bank Water and Sanitation Program (Executing Agency: The World Bank) Regional Water and Sanitation Group for East Asia and Pacific P 0 Box 1324/JKT, Jakarta, Indonesia Tel. (62-21) 252-0606 II Fax: (62-21) 252-0432 I/Telex 62141 IBRD IA 4 July, 1995 Dear Colleagues, I am pleased to share with you the findings of an evironmental sanitation study undertaken in 1994. The UNDP/World Bank Water and Sanitation Program in collaboration with International Reference Center for Waste Disposal undertook a study on Nightsoil Management Improvement in Hubei Province, China, as part of a proposed World Bank urban environmental project in the same province. Pilot technical activities, which is a second part of the Nightsoil Management Improvement Project,, is still on-going in Hubei. A separate report will be published early next year when the pilot activities are completed. I welcome any comments you may have on the study fmdings. Best regards, Mary Judd Acting Regional Manager, RWSGEAP 11.07.95 ~77?~ Distribution: Grover (TWUWS), Seager (RWSGEAP Lao CO); Yniguez (RWSGEAP PH1193/010), Thanh (RWSGEAP Hanoi CO); Boydell (RWSGSA); Schertenleib (IRCWD); Tanner (STI); Peter (SDC); Plant (EA2CH); Travers (EA2EU); van Damme (IRC); Simpson-Hebert (WHO); Rahman (UNICEF Beijing); Holcombe (UNDP Beijing); Y~k-ShiuLee (East-West Center) China: Nightsoil Management Improvement Study in Hubei UNOP/Worid Bank Water and Sanitation Program in collaboration with International Reference Center for Waste Disposal  Contents SUMMARY GLOSSARY PART I NIGHTSOIL MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT STUDY I. Introduction HUEP Urban Environmental Project Scope of Work Current Situation 2. Hygiene Study 3 Objectives Methodology Key Findings 3 Epidemiological Study 5 Objectives Methodology Findings Based on Existing Data Findings Based on a Case Studies 4. Economic & Market Study 8 Initial Assessment City Market Situations Identified Problems Market Survey Results of the Market Survey 5. Technical pilot Activities 9 Objectives Septic Tanks Nightsoil Storage Tanks Co-Compost ing Pilot Activities Undertaken 6: Conclusions and Recommendations for Nightsoil Management Improvement - 11 PART 2 1-rUEP NIGHTSOIL INVESTMENT PROGRAM I City Profile and Nighisoil Management System 17 Inuction Use of Nighisoil as Fertilizer Al ins of the Nighisoil Iiwe~tmei~tPragram Mu n Icipa I Nigh isoii Operations Existing SiiuiaHoii Issues in Niginsoil Operations  I 2 Technical Options and Other Improvements 20 I Project Preparation Technical Options Required Improvements 3 Project Costs and Implementation 24 Nighisoil Component Project Costs Implementation and Procurement Contract Packaging I 4 Financial and Economic Evaluation 26 Introduction Financial Status of Cities Co~compos1ing Production Nightsoil Storage Tanks Income and Expenditure of Sanitation Bureaus/Departments Least Cost Solutions Household and Individual Affordability 5 Institutional Arrangements Existing Institutional Arrangements 30 - - Main Issues and Findings Guidelines for the Modification of Institutional Arrangements Broad Recommendations APPENDICES 1: Projected Cash Flow Statements (each City) 2~Analysis of Income and Expenditure (each City Sanitation Dept.) 3: Prel iininaly Investment Program 4 Average Incremental Costs 5 Operational Costs 6 Hygiene/Sanitation Promotion and Training Program 7 Organization Stniciure and Staffing Levels (each City) FIGURES 1 Improved Septic Tank (Baffled Reactor) 2 Improved Septic Tank (Anaerobic Filter) 3. Local Area Treatment (Improved Septic Tank) 4. Nightsoil Storage Tank 5: Co-Composting Plant PART 3. ANNEXES Annex I - Province and City Profile Annex 2 - H)gienc Study Report Annex 3 - Epidemiological Study Report Annex 4 - Economic and Market Study Report Annex 5 — Technical Pilot Activities -  SUMMARY The Nightsoil Management Improvement Project, undertaken by the UNDP/World Bank Water and Sanitation Program in collaboration with the International Reference Center for Waste Disposal and Chinese Institutes, is part study and part demonstration activity for improving environmental sanitation in nightsoil management in an urban setting The prolect results are meant to provide input into the nighisoil component of a proposed World Bank financed project An investment program for the component is also included. The Hubei Ui ban Environmental Project (HIJEP) is being prepared for partial financing by the World Bank as part of its lending piogram in a series of environmental projects for China. The Project proposed for FY96 is in the cities of Wuhan, Huangshm, XiangI’an and Yichang in central Hubei Province. The four cities have a combined urban l)opulatloil of about 4.5 million people, ranging from about 3.2 million in Wuhan to about 400,000 in Yichang. The Bank project is focusing on municipal services, such as sewerage and sanitation improvements. iughL Sal I management improvements, solid waste management, and industrial pollution control One component of HIJEP aims at improving areas with inadequate sanitation facilities and the unhygienic management and use of human excrcLa and urine, collectively termed ‘nightsoul