China - Second Henan Highway Project : environmental action plan (Vol. 7 of 7) : Archaeological survey report

China /1V, National. Highway Project (Henan Section) The Proposed Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway Archaeological Survey Report Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology August, 1995 L <., V  Tabl le of Contents No.of sheet The Proposed Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway Archaeologicatl Survey Report .-.. ...... 2 China Lianhuo National Highway Project (Henan Section) Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway Protection and Excavation of Cuturat Relics ---....-..----....-..---..---.. --.. -....2 I.Destrict of Imperial Mausoleums and Beimang Mountain Cemetery of Northern Wei Dynasty,Luoyang ...........----.2 1) Description ......................... . 2) Plans -........---..--...2 3) Exploration Profiles *-..--------..6 2.Shuiquangou Site, Mengj in County -.----. ---.. -.-...... -.--...2 1) Description-.: --.. --...1 2) Ptlans -.................. ---..-......-..1 3) Exploration Profiles -........--..1 3.1Huocun Village Site,Xinan County -.------.---..1.------. 1) Description . ......................; 2) Plans *------------------------------------------------- ..----- ..-..1 3) Exploration Profiles --.-----.-.-------..........1 4. Cemetery at Mujiangpu Village --...... -.-.------.-.--.-.1..I 1) Description. . --....---.... ......................................... 2) Plans -....-.... --....-..............-.....I 3) Exploration Profiles....1 5. Cemetery at Xiajiaao Village -.-.-.-l..1 1) Description ..1 2) Ptlans -..-..-..-....-.....-.... 1 3) Exploration Profiles -.-----------.---........1 6. Cemetery at Pailou Village -....-----......... -. -t..I 1) Description -......-----..------..-..----------...1 2) Ptlans .- .............................................I 3) Exploration Profiles .......................I 7. Chendongwa Craveyard in Xinan ----------... I 1) Description -.. --......-.... --.....1 2) Plans *-..--....--..--..-..------- ..........1 3) Exploration Profiles -.-----1..1 B.Xiayanggou Site, Xinan County ----.-.---.....1 1) Description -....-..-.....1 2) P lans. .--........--....-....-..-- .............. ---..--. 3) Exploration Profiles ..-.-.-.--.1..1 9.Goutoubel Cemetery, Xinan County -. -----.-.--. --1.I 1) Description ..........I  2) Plans .....................................................................1 3) Exploration Profiles ------ ..-.............. 1O.Jiacun Site,Yima City ..... --------------------.. ......-------- 2 1) Description............................................................-.. I 2) Ptlans *---.. ------..-..----......-....----....--..---.. ---.....-.....1 3) Exploration Profiles *-.......---.-----------.---......--.--.-.- - 1 l.1Lingtou Site at Xilingtou Viltage, Mianchi County............2 1) Description-............. ....................................................... 2) Plans .................................................................... 1 3) Exploration Profiles ..............................1 12.M4atouzhai Site,Mianchi County----------------------. . ................... 1) Description.................................................................... l 2) Plans *-----------------------.. -------..-----------..-..---..-..-..-.... 1 3) Exploration Profiles .................................................. . 1 13.Zhuchengcun Site,Mianchi County ------------------.. .--------------- 2 1) Description.................................................................. . 2) P lans ........................................----.-.-.---.-------------- - 1 3) Exploration Profiles .-..-..---....--.. -.... ---.. 2 14.Shilipu Cemetery, Shanxian County ............................... 1) Description ....... ... ................................................... 1 2) Plans -......--.1... 3) Exploration Profiles --....-----......-....-..-..--. --. -1..I 15.Lujiadian Site,Sanmenxia City......................................... . I -) Description ---............................................................ 2) Plans *-..-................................. 3) Exploration Profiles ..................................................... 1 16.Dajiaokou Site,Sanmenxia City......................................... . I I) Descriptimon .............................I....................................... 2) Plants ............................................................. I 3) Exploration l'rofiles ......................................................I 17.Shibangou Site at Sanmenxia City .................. . ...... 1) Description .- ............................................... 2) Plants *-..----..--....-----.----.-...........------.----------- 1 3) Exploration Profiles .----------------------------------------------------- 18.A Pataeolithic locality Zhaojiayuan at, Shanxian County--l1 I) Description.1 ......................................................l 2) Plans ...........................................................................- 3) Exploration Profiles .*------........-----..----------.----1 19. Cemetery at Dongchengcun VI llage, Shanxian County.......- 1 1) Description .-----..-..---.................. 1 2) Plans . -.. -.. --........-----..---.. -..-..---..--- 1 3) Exploration Profiles .*-..- ....------..-. 2  China Lianhuo National Highway Project (Hlenan Section) The Proposed Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway Archaeological Survey Report We,Henan Provinciat Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,as assigned by Henan Provincial High Grade Highway Construction Authority and Henan Prouincial Bureau of Cultural Relics,cooperated with Luoyang City Administration of Cultural Relics,Sanmenxia City Bureau of Cultural Retics,Cultural Relics Administrations of Mengj in County, the Surburb District of Luoyang, Xinan County,Yima City,Nianchi County,Shanxian County,Hubin District of Sanmeuxia City, organized and executed an archaeoalogical survey along the alignment of the above ptoject from December 1994 toFebruarYl995. On the basis of available information,the archaeological survey concentrated on 33 ancient. sites and graveyards where the expressway cuts through or passes nearby. The exploration covered an area of 1201650 square meters and found 10 ancient sites, totalling 115250 square meters>, 8 cemeteries inctuding 115 tombs; 35 -storage pits of different periods; 1 palaeolithic locality;wetI and stone tol manufacturing site of the Yangshao Culture and a large building foundation of the Warring States Period and Han Dynasties etc.. The area where the expressway ties is an extremely important ancient route(Yaohan Route) connecting Guanzhong plain and Huabei Plain and thus a battlefield of different periods. All kinds of cultural relics are abundant and valuable for the staty of the history of ancient war, transportation and culturat exchange. To reduce the damage which the construction wilt bring to cultural relics to a minimum, an archaeological excavation has to be  carried out at ten percent important sites and cemeteries of above-mentioned, totalling 11500 square meters before the construction of the expressway.Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology is committed,in about 120 to 150 days,to the full completion of archaeological excavation after the land being acquired and prior to the actual commencement of the expressway works and will mobilize its manpower and resources corresponding to the task. Among the above-mentioned 33 cultural retics locatities,in the light of our investigatioanit is known that the following 7 sites are slightly far from the expressway and thus will not be injured during the construction.They are Suqin (a famous politician of the Warring States Period) tomb,Baizhuang site, Yinghao site,Xiashi walled town,Xiashi graveyard,Xiya site and Shij iagou graveyard. Even though Yanghe site, Anbeicun site, Nanwang site ,flekou site at Yima, Wuyaotou site and Xiaojiaokou site are stightly near to the expressway, however the archaeological drilling didn't expose cultural remains and the construction will, not cause damage. It should be pointed out that Zhaojiayuan pataeolithic locality,although without dritling,must be carried out in the future. The next is an discription of the explorations and the future work plan of the above-mentioned sites.  China Lianhuo Hatioi Luoyang-Sanrmenxia Expressway Pro AD: Anno Domini BC: Bef ore Christ BP: Bef ore Present Roak of Protectijig Nos Sites Location Age Culttiral Retics Inperial Chaoyang Town, Western Mma, Historical Uonumen I Mlausolems Mengjin County Northern Val, Cultural Relics of Northern Tang dynast; City Protection Wei Dynasty K0-K3 KS-KB BC206 -AD907 Shuiqtiangou On the Eest of J4tun Yangshao and 2 Site , Nengjin County Erlitou Cultures Undecided K4-K4+500 BPsooo- -37?0 Huocun On tie West of Matun Longshan and Ian 3 Village Site , Mengjin County dynasty Cultures Undecided K1 -K10+400 BP4500 - -AD220 Cemetery at On the North of Mu- Ran dynasty 4 Mujianspu jiangpu Xin County Undecided Village K11--KiI BC206-- AD220 Cemetery at On the North of Xia- Song and Ming 5 Xiaj i aao ijaao,Xinan County dynasties indecided Village K19-4(gU AD960-- 1644 Cemetery at On the South of Ming dynasty 6 Pailon Paltou,Xinan County Undecided Village K25 + 5- 0--26 + 500 AD1360 - - 1644 Chendongwa On the North of Song dynasty 7 Craveyard Chendongwa Village Undecided in Xinan K2?+S500-K28+ f500 AD960- -1279 Xinyanggou Xiayangsou Village, Longshan Culture 8 Site, Xinan County Undecided Xinan County K23-423+ I80 BP4500--400 Goufoubei On the North of Warring States, 9 Cemetery, Goutou. Xinan County Ran dynasty Undecided Xinan County K38--K39 BC415---AD220 Jiacun Site, On the North of Jia- Yangshao and Historical Monuuxzz& 10 Yima City com Village,Yina City Longshan CuLtures Cultural Relics K54-K55 BP6000--2220 City Protection Lington Site Xitingtou VilLage, Yangshlo and Historical Monu:m:- 11 at Xitingtou Mianchi County Longshan CGltures Cuttural Relics VilLage K60+500"-60+600 BP6000--4000 County Protect'- Design: "-  Highway Project (IHenan Section) ion and Excavation of Cultural Retics _____________ ~~~~~~~~~Page 1 Area of Higlhway Area of Expenses Organization of Schedule of Covering and Excavation Ten Thousand Protecting and Excavations Quantity of Site sSquare Meters) Yuan,RNB) Excavating 54 Ancient Luoyang Archaeological April to June, Tombs 1080 35.64 Team 1996 g0 days 25000 Nenan Provinclal April to Sept, Square Meters 2500 82:50 Institute of Cultural 1996 Relics and. Archaeology ]10 days 20000 Henan ProvIncial April to Sept, Square Meters 2000 66.00 Institute of Cultural 1996 Relics and Archaeology 180 days 3 Ancient Luoyang Archaeological Apri t 1996 Tombs, one 60 1.98 Team Modern Tomb 30 days 8 Song and Luoyang Archaeological May,1996 Ming dynasties 16 5. 28 Team Tombs 30 days 2 Ming dynasty Luoyang Archaeological June,1996 Tombs, 40 1.32 Team 4 Modern Tombs 30 days 13 Ancient Hlenan Provincial April,1996 Tombs 260 8.58 Institute of Cuiltural Relics and Archaeology 30 days 9000 Henan Provincial April to May, Square Meters 900 29.70 Institute of Cultural 1996 Relics and Archaeology 60 days 10 Ancient Henan ProvinciaL May,1996 Tombs 200 6.60 Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology 30 days 15000 Henan Provincial ApriL to July, Square Meters, 1500 49,.SO Institute of Cultural 1996 5 Storage Pits Relics and Archaeology 120 days 2750 ienan Provincial June,1996 Square Meters, 275 9.075 Institute of Cultural one Kiln Relics and Archaeology 30 days 'rovincial institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Time: August,1959  China Lianhuo Nationc Luoyang-Sarmenxia Expressway Pro AD: Anno DOmini BC: Bef ore Christ BP: Before Present Rank of Protecting Nos Sites Location Age Culturat Relics M.touzhai On the South of Yangshao Culture. HisLorical Monumen 12 Site, Matouzhai Village, Norlhern dynasty CltlUral Relics Nianchi Miiuachi County BP6000- -5000 County Protect; County K69--K69+ 200 AD420-581 Zhuchengcun On the South of Zhu- Warring States, Historical Monumen 13 Site,ianchi cheng,Mlanchi County Northern dynasty Cuttural Relics County K69-.K71+075 BC47S--ADSOI County Protecki' Shilipu Ce- On the East of Shi- Ban dynasty 14 metery,Shan- lipu,Shanxian County Un-declded xian County K100+10D-KJOO+500 BC206 - -AD220 Luljiadian On the Southeast of Yangshao and Longsha Historical Nonun 15 Site Sanmenxia County CtltureiZhou dynasty Cuttural ReLics _lll--KIl+300 BP6000--2500 City ProtecV. Dajiaokou on the Southeast of Yangshao Culture Historical Nonuam 16 Site Samuenxia County Cultural Relics K1134350--51O BP6000--5580 City Protec- Shibangou On the Southeast of Yangshao and Historical Nonun 17 Site Smaenxia City Longshan Cultures Cultural Relics K114+400-600 BP6000- - 4000 City Protec - PalaeoLi thic On the East of Zhmwo- Middle to Late Historical Nonun- Locality jiaynan to Zhangwan, Pataeolithic Cultural Relics le Zhaojiayua Shanxian County BP160000-5G0B0 County Protec" at Shanxian KI2S+900-.K126+100 Cemetery at On the North of Dong Han dynasty Historical Nonu*--. 19 Dongchengcum cheng,Shanxian Co" BC206 - -AD220 Culttural Relics Village K131+500s-K132+500 County Prote(-- TotaL Design: I-  Righway Project (Henan Section) --Ion and Excavation of Cutural Relics Page 2 Area of Highway Area of Expenses Organization of Schedute of Covering ant Excavation (Ten Thousand Protecting and Excavations Quanti ty of Sites (Square Neters) Yuan, RNB) Excavating 3 3 Storage Pits Henan Provincial JuLy, 1996 141 4.653 Institute of Cultaral Relics and Archaeotogy 30 days 32000 Square Henan Provincinl April to Sept,. HNeters,3 Kitns 3500 115.50 Institute of Cultural 1996 10 Ancient Tombs Relics and Archaeology 1i0 days 3 Ran dynasty Sanmenxia April, 1996 Tombs, 200 6.60 Archaeologicat Team 2 Ash Pits 30 days 3500 Sanmenxia May, 1996 Square Meters, 350 11.55 Archaeological Team 5 Ash Pits 30 days - 5000 Sanmenxia April to May, ) Square Meters 500 16.50 Archaeological Team 1996 69 d1ays * 3000 Saenanxia June, 1996 )Square Meters, 300 9.50 Archaeological Team 5 Ash Pits 30 days 13000 Meters Henan Provincial April to Sept, Long Loess 650 21.45 Institute of Cultural 1996 Section Relics and Archaeology 180 days 10 Ancient Sanmenxia July,1996 1Toubs, -200 6.60 Archaeological Team A Storage Pits 30 days 14816 488.928 vincial institute of Cultural Relics ant Archaeology Time: August,1995  I.Destricts of Imperial Amusoleums and Beimang Cemetery of Norther:i We! Dynasty, Luoyang Known as the capital of nine dynasties,. Luoyang is one of the seven great ancient capitals in China. A large number of high officers, more than ten emperors and their relatives of Eastern Han and Northern Wei Dynasties were buried on Mang mountain, several miles to the north of Luoyang City. Now, several hundreds of the earth-mound are standing in this region. As a result of cooperating with capital constructions, a large number of ancient tombs have been discovered by archaeology and cultural relics organizations over years. During the construction of Zhengzhou--Luoyang section of Lianbuo National Hihgway in 1991, Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Luoyang Archaeoloical Team discovered 133 tombs of different petiods form western Han to Song Dynasties on the highway to the east of Chaoyang , Mengj in County and obtained large numbers of potteries and procetains, epitaphs, three-color-glaze Tang ware and pottery figurines of musicians and dancers. In 1994, Mengjin county Archaeologicat DrilLing Team surveied and excavated the construction area of Luoyang Glass Production Group and found 31 tombs of different periods from Han to tang Dynasties, 22 tombs of modern period. Lianhuo National Highway is just passing through the south slope of the mausoleum of xiaowen( Chang Mausoleum ), an emperor of Northern Wei, Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology drilled two sections of the highway(KO-K3;K5-K8) and discovered 54 ancient tombs to a depth of 5-10m. Most of them are brick-chambered tombs and cavechamber tombs. They reflect the  burial cumtoms of different periods from Western Ban(206BC--24AD) to Tang Dynasties(618--907AD). Anarchaeological excavation must be conducted before the commencement of works. The unearthing area is about 1080 square meters,and the fund is about 356400 Yuan, RMB. The excavation will last 90 days from April. to June 1996, under the sponsor of Luoyang ArchaeologicaL Team.  ...J....-- .- 9 4c~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' 4'4 o q~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o ; I -~~~~~~~~~.............  I. / I  : No< t* - ,7z, As *~~~~~L 20~ o-- 6~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. -013~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I ..........d le n an N un *~ em~ .........../ N AL. j-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S  a.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 -~~~~~2a- '<I~~~~I ~ A>~ Iz~c- ~ K?~r 2L{'.  I in~~~~~~ U - I AA .. I . * T I I a~~~~~~~ I 1, ~.. a. II.. is. . I .  Ptan and Profile of the !Archaenlogidal SurvY ' Mausotleus and Beimang Mountain Cemetery in t Ci the drilting area; vqIL the drilling area; 0 7A- the (iqh the~~~~ drlln area;..  n-strict of Imperial '-I Wei Dynasty,Luoyang pt5w Ji- 146 _ : ~vcr _1  i i IJ -~~~~~~~~ 3 I s 3 4 0 I., ,~~~~~~~~~~~.  the drilling area; the drilling area; .7. D t ihe ctitvated soil layer 0 *, the light yellow sail aYIZr i aihe iTisjr.vy spii laer  Ia SS~ M~~~~~~L i T~~~~~~~~~~~G  I,1 . . I I - I I - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~11 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 I~~~~~-t I 1 7,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  the drilling area; U Mllo1 the drilling area; 0 * t w :he pnull ivthed soii I Ulef _ 0 X . L line light a e o i stsil layer 0. t h ke primary suil tayer  the drilling area; the drilling area; @ % t SF~U ihi. 1lIishttyelo soil i;,>et @ t AcS s,i Sae I Isol laye.r .~ihe jprigary souil Laye.r  I I I 1 1 K a tn a a I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ r Y I l  la-s-selaicki suili ts err - -2 M terra allga tayer I P  the dri I ling area; the drilling area; ZD ,x, ,:*Av the. :u Iiva Iedl _ .~ _ime i~the WU% * '7 th - thLc atioi S ;.,, ., ; t.z heupzii.ary sio  I ~II I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I A a~~ - - t ~I I II m Dy11  I~~~~ z~~~~C ~ I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --I--I-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 'a - S I I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3 .3 .1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n  N ~ ~ ~ 9 s7 [lii1 Ti, 11 the drilling area; the drillitng area: 0 T t- t- =, Ihe allli'ial ts:;elaikd r'Iu lav(er 0 N .t tIhe aitavial terrn alha lntpr * g- r ' .Q ther pri3ry S1i I l:yter  I. 0 0) I-i - I J... - if Li ..- 1- - - C - B. T - ___ o - - La - 4-' - '. -C - - ' is - - I - - ., A b. C.. B. C.. .5 - - - a if if S. - - 'if U  - )I 4: 4 S .4  ==l I I I I s "4 I I I I . I  6,: ing area; ~aa 2 1431 I. I nvern ,satled sni ! laver * 1?4 . 1C1.:1 So In yer 1.1 r 3" l  vJ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ , a 3 2 P b ?~~~~~~~-  V~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I _3e~~~~~~~~~9 ,, 2 - b3U; tro the dr i 1t Ii ng area; i CP~~~~V _ el t t ~~~~,R: l attt