India - Andhra Pradesh Irrigation Project - environmental assessment (Vol. 7 of 7)

ANDHRA PRADESH IRRIGATION PROJECT-Ill SOCVO-ECONOMIC STUDY OF PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS UNDER SRBC REPORT TRIBAL CULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE, TRIBAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH, HYDERABAD. 1995  PREFACE RAYALA SEEMA named after its illustrious ruler Krishna Devarava had a reqular visitor - DROl!GXHT. The ominous visitor tised to leave a trail of hunqer and dloom and famine in the reoion each time it visited. The dreaded visitor stalked throuah the vast exnanse of t.he region caausing uintold devastation and misery to the neople and all other forms of life. The drought was so freaouent in this reaion that RAYAtA SEEMA (Land of Ravalti) t,urned into RALLA SEFMA (Land of Rocks). The Kurnool district. the heart of Ravala Seema experienc.ed drotiuht periodicalIv till the waters of Thuinqabhadra have been harnessed for the irriaation of this area. But. the waters of K.C.OAnal were too inadeouatAe to irriqate vast stretches of narched lands of this district. Government of Andhra Pradesh determined to ward off the much dreaded drouaht and provide life aivina waters for the lands in the nroverhiallv low rainfall areas, launched several irriqation nroiects in Ravala Seema. The SRBC is one such irrigation project aimed at eradic.tion of pnov.rtv in the interior places of Ravala Seema. The SRB. is a source of areat. hone and promise for eternally rain deficit areas like Banaqananalli. Owk and KoilAkuntla mandaIh of Ktirnnol district. With the arrival of Krishna waters throuqh SRBC and its distributories, the fabled i  Midas will arrive in the command area with his magical totich the area will soon turn into A bowl of agric.ultural affluence. But it is one side of coin, Behind this rosy ic.ture in the command area is a trail of tears for several land holders and their dependants. Tt is to wipe off the tears of PAPs and to brinq back their old standard of life. and if possihle, to imDrove upon it., this studv has been commissioned bv the Government. of Andhra Pradesh. This report is an nutcome of survev of PAPs of SRBC, The naces of this repOrt tunfold vnrious nositive as well as adverse impacts that SRBC has created in the studv area, But most of the Problems are transitorv in nAture and amenable for solution, Various action points have heen suggested to tackle these problems. It is our fond hope that the findings of this report and its recommendations will form basis for the preparation of Action Plan for the rehabilitation and resettlement of the PAPs So that the problems of PAPs are effentivAlv tackled and pave the wav for fuill rehabilitation and resettlement of the PAFs and PAPs can jioin the multitudes of happv farmers in the SRBC command area, We take this opportuinitv to express ousr profound aratitude to thAhe fnenrtment of Irriaation and Command Area Develooment. Government of Andhra Pradesh for entrusting this study to Tribal ii  Culttiral Research and Traininq Institutte. Tribal Welfare Department. HYderabad. We are partic.ularly indebted to Sri.C.S.Rao, TAS. former Prl.Secretary to Government, I & CAD Deoartment. Sri,K,Koshal Ram. IAS, nresent Prl,Secretarv to Government. I & CAD Department, Sri,P.KAa.arwal, TAS. Secretarv tn Government, I & CAD Denartment and Sri.M.G.Gopal-. TAS, Joint Secretary to Government. T & CAD Department for their unstinted sunport and atuidance in conductina of the stuAd. we also wish to express our oratitude to Sri.K.MAdhava Raon TAS. Addl.Chief Sec.retarv to Government of Andhra Pradesh. Finance Department and SrijM,V.Nataraian5 !AS, Prl,Secretarv to Government. Finance (Projects Wina) Denartment for timely release of funds for the completion of the study, We wish to place on record our immense gratitlt.de to Dr,W,R,Reddv. IAS, Joint. Secretary to Government. i & C.AD (Pronects Wina) Deoartrment whose sustained supnort and autidance has been a source. of inspiration to usz, Dr.W,R.Reddy has not only evinced keen interest at various staqes of this survev but also nrovided the full cooperation by mAkinq Arranaements for the smooth and exoeditious completion of the survey, We are deeply indebted to him for all the help and quidance. iii  We wish to convey our deeo aratit.ude to Sri.Narasimha Reddyv former Chief Enalneer, Projects, Srisailam Project, SRBC, Sri,P.Gonala Krishna Murthv. present Chief Engineer. Pro-iects. Srisailam Projeict SRBC, Sri.Rameswara Rao, Ex-Sunerintendent Enqineer. SRBC. Nandval. Sri.nAsaratha Ramaiah. SE., Circle 1. SRBC. Nandval. Sri N.Veera Swamv, S.E., Circle 2 SRBC., Nandyal, .Sri.V.V.Subba Rao, S.E., Circle .3: Nandval, Sri,M.K.Rahman E.E., SRBC Division, Panvarn, Sri.Naaeswara Rao. EE., SRBC Division, Owk and various other Enqineering and non-enoineerina staff who have extended cooperat-ion to the st.udy team in conductinq of this studv. Snecial mention must be made of Sri.M.K.Rahman, F.E., qSRRC Oivision, Panvam for the snontaneous cooperation extended to us and survev team in orovision of accommodation,and transport. We are specially arateful to him. We are speciallv grateftil to Sri-S. -Sinah, lAS, Ex- Collector. Kurnool and Sri.K.Raei. lAS, Present Collector, Kurnool and Sri,S.Bhattacharva.I.A.S. Ex-Joint Collector. Kurnool. Sri-.javesh Ranjan, IAS, SUb Colleotor, Nandval for extendina their fullest cooneration 8nd issuina instructions to all the District Officers and MROs and Mfls to furnish the information reqiuired bv the study team. iv  We place on record our soecial thanks and hiah anoreciation of the cooperation and services rendered by Sri.Sahaik Madina. EX-SOO (LA), Nandyal and Sri,G,Hannumantha Rao, Present SDO (LA), Nandyal and his staff. We also acknowledge with thanks for the information furnished and cooneratinn extended by variouis District Offiners of whom soecial mention must be made of Dr,Viiayakumar. !AS. Pro.ect Direc.tor. DROA Kurnool. District Revenue Officer, Kurnool. .joint Director, Aqriculture. Kurnool- Chief Plannina officer. Kurnool end tnr,RAyudu. District Tribal Welfare Officer, KU rnoolI Special mention must be made of Sri.B.K.Bala Subramanvam. SpeciAl Offiner, PP & M and Sri.Madhusudan Rao, Executive Enaineer, PP & M- Hvderabad and Sri.gastrv, PP & M, Hyderabad for providina us the. nec.essarv literature and data and for extMndina excellent cooneration withotut which the st.udy could not have been comnleted in a short time, We are immenselv grateful to them esPeciallY Sri.Madhusudan Rao, We olace on record our aratit.ude to Sri.T.Munivenkatanoa, JAR. Prl,Secretarv to Government, Social Welfare Denartment, v  Government of Andhra Pradesh and Sri.K.K.Banaar, TAS, Secretary to Government (TW), Social Welfare Department, Smt.M.Chaya Ratan, Former Commisioner of Tribal Welfare and Dr.P.V.Ramesh, Director of Tribal Welfare for kindly nermittina. us to undert.ake this study. Our special thanks are to the awardees who have unoredgingly provided the required information and cooneration durina the survey. We thank our colleaques in the Institute and r.N. Sudhakar Ran, Anthropologist, Sri.K.ASR.Husssin. Ex. joint Director of TCR & TI.. for extending their active particination startina from formulation of schedules, field work and draftina of the reDort, Last huit not least, we also thank Sri.T.Jagan MohAn Rao and Sri,Ch,S,KameswAra Rao for their anod secretarial assistance orovided for the nroiect. D.R.Raju, Dr.K.Mohan Rao, Senior Sociologist Director, TCR & TI., of the Project., and Project Director vi  RESEARCH TEAM OF THE PROJECT Project nirector : Or.K.Mohan Rao, M.A.,Ph.D., Director. TCR & TI.T Soecialitts . Sri.D,Ramachandra Ra.iu, M,A.,M.Phil Joint Director, TGR & TI., Sri.K.A.S.Hussain. Rtd. Joint Director. TCR P TI., Dr.N.Sudhakar Rao, M,A. ,.Ph.D., Anthronologist Women Sociologist : Smt.K.R.Vinavakumari- M.Sc., Editor, TCR TI. Comnuterisation : Sri.M.N.Sharma, M.Sc., M.A.. Tabulation Officer, TCR & TI., TEAM LEADERS I) Sri.K,Chandra Rait. M.Sc., Field Officer. TCR & TI. 2) Rri.K.V.Murali Krishna, M,A. Field Officer. TCR & TT_ 3) gri.M.Anantha Savanam Raiu. M,A.A Research Officer, TCR & TI.. 4) Rri.S-Mohan, M.A- Research Officer, TCR & TI., 5) Sri.P.L.Satyanaravana. M.A.. Research Officer. TCR & TI., S) Sri.M.A.Aleemr M,A,. Statisticinn, TCR & TT.T 7) Sri.8.Ravinder. M.A.. Research Investioator TCR & TI.- 8) Sri.V.Narayanudu. M.A. Research Investi