> 7: Indonesia Biodiversity Collections Project Document June 1 994 THE WORLD BANK GEF Documentation The Global Environment Facility (GEF) assists developing countries to protect the global environment in four areas: global warming. pollution of international waters, destruction of biodiversity, and depletion of the ozone-layer. The GEF is jointly implemented bythe United Nations Development Programme. the United Nations Environment Programme, and the World Bank. GEF Project Documents - identified by a green band - provide extended project- specific information. The implementing agency responsible for each project is identified by its logo on the cover of the document. Global Environment Coordination Division Environment Department World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: (202) 473-1816 Fax: (202) 522-3256 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of December 10, 1993) Currency Unit = Rupiah (Rp) US$ 1.00 = Rp 2105 GOVERNMENT FISCAL YEAR April 1 - March 31 ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND INDONESIAN TERMINOLOGY BAPPENAS Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (National Development Planning Agency) GEF Global Environment Facility GET Global Environment Trust Fund GOI Government of Indonesia GOJ Government of Japan IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development LIPI Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahun Indonesia (Indonesian Institute of Sciences) PCR Project Completion Report PPAR Project Performance Audit Report PPPB Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biologi (Research and Development Center for Biology, LIPI) PPPO Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Oseanologi (Research and Development Center for Oceanology, LIPI) PRIF GEF Preinvestment Facility TAG Technical Advisory Group UAG User Advisory Group REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA GEF - BIODIVERSITY COLLECTIONS PROJECT Grant Summary Recipient: Republic of Indonesia Beneficiaries: The Research and Development Center for Biology of The Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Amount: SDR 5.1 million (US$ 7.2 million equivalent) Terms: Grant Financing Plan: (US$ Million) GET Grant 7.2 GOI 4.2 Total 11.4 Economic Rate of Return: Not Applicable REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA BIODIVERSITY COLLECTIONS PROJECT Background 1. Rich Biodiversity. Indonesia is rich in biodiversity. It contains nearly 10 percent of the world's closed tropical forests. It also has extensive coral reefs and more marine coastline than any other tropical country. Although the archipelago represents only 1.3 percent of the earth's land area, it contains an estimated 25 percent of the world's fish species, 17 percent of all bird species, 16 percent of reptile and amphibian species, 12 percent of mammal species, 10 percent of plant species, and unknown numbers of species of invertebrate animals, fungi and microorganisms. Of these, perhaps 30 percent of the flora and 90 percent of the fauna are not yet fully described and scientifically documented. 2. Economic Importance of Biodiversity. Indonesia's biological resources are economically important both globally and nationally. Many plant species originated in Indonesia, including cloves, black pepper, and some tropical fruits. Indonesians use over 6,000 species of plants and animals; daily they gather or cultivate these species for food, handicrafts, medicines, fuel, and building materials. Natural ecosystems strongly influence natural resource development (the agriculture, livestock, forestry and fisheries sectors contributed over 18 percent of GDP in 1991), provide new commercial products (e.g., pharmaceuticals) and also affect water resource management, which is important for industrial and municipal development. 3. Importance of Systematic Biology and Collections. Systematic biology or systematics (i.e., the classification of living organisms) provides the scientific theory, principles, and process to inventory, monitor, and catalogue biodiversity information. Systematic collections (i.e., reference collections of plant and animal specimens that are preserved in chemicals or pressed and dried) and their associated data provide basic reference tools for acquiring, managing, accessing, and disseminating this scientific information on biodiversity. Biodiversity information is required in natural resource management, identification of plants and animals with economic potential, conservation, spatial planning, natural resource valuation, and environmental impact assessment. Improving systematic information through better reference collections and through better access to associated anthropologic, habitat, geographic, and environmental data is therefore an integral component of the global biodiversity strategy. 4. Importance of PPPB's Collections. The Research and Development Center for Biology (PPPB) of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)' provides the core scientific resources for systematic collections and associated information in Indonesia. PPPB's collections are the largest in Asia and include many unique and irreplaceable scientific reference specimens, including some dating from the nineteenth century. 5. Constraints. PPPB's institutional capacity to respond to the growing national and international demand for biodiversity information is limited by serious constraints in staffing, specimen storage, geographic and taxonomic coverage, and data management: LIPI is a non-departmental government institution, which is under the control of and reports directly to the President. - 2 - (a) Staffing. PPPB has a shortage of senior staff experienced in strategic management, systematic biology, and database development, and a shortage of well-trained and motivated curatorial assistants. (b) Storage. A significant proportion of the PPPB's collections have been preserved using non-archival quality materials and stored for years under sub-optimal conditions. They urgently require restoration to avoid irreparable damage and loss of valuable information. (c) Coverage. The geographic and taxonomic coverage of Indonesia's combined collections, including PPPB's, is patchy, and the sampling density (the average number of specimens collected per unit area) is one of the lowest in the world. (d) Data management. The lack of a database seriously restricts access to information within the existing collections. The lack of a database not only makes access to specific taxonomic or geographic information difficult, it also makes identification of gaps in coverage difficult. The weakness of PPPB's linkages with external clients also undermines its effectiveness. Outside groups frequently send specimens for identification to overseas institutions instead of PPPB and then the information is not readily available to other users in Indonesia. Government Strategy for Biodiversity Conservation and Information 6. The Government of Indonesia's (GOI's) overall conservation strategy has been elaborated in the 1991 Biodiversity Action Plan for Indonesia. To ensure the sustainable use of natural resources and conservation oi genetic and biological diversity in the various ecosystems, the Government's strategy is to increase ecosystem types covered in protected areas, improve the management of protected areas, and enhance understanding and participation of people. Support for biodiversity collections was explicitly included in the Plan. 7. Over the long-term, PPPB plans to meet the expanding need for scientific information on biodiversity. The mission of PPPB, as it relates to biodiversity, is to develop systematic research collections and to develop and disseminate associated specimen-based information. Research at PPPB is collections-based and integral to this mission. Research subjects include systematic biology, ethnobiology and study of other plants and animals with economic potential, conservation biology, and ecology. PPPB seeks to integrate and coordinate the organization and dissemination of biodiversity information at the national level, in a way that would be responsive to user needs. This mission requires a transformation of PPPB into an institution that provides essential documentation for an environmental information system and for priority research on biodiversity. The data storage revolution in computational science has only recently made it feasible to readily access information in systematic collections. PPPB has the potential to become a world leader in the use of databases that would enable it to strategically manage the collections and to make information available to users in real time. 8. Within the next ten years, LIPI plans to consolidate several centers for research and development (Biology, Limnology, Biotechnology, and units of Applied Chemistry and Applied Physics) in a new Life Sciences Complex/Center, which would facilitate the integration of biodiversity research and information services. As an initial step, GOI is seeking support from the Government of Japan (GOJ) to provide a replacement building for PPPB's zoological collections which would become part of the Complex/Center. Future improvement of scientific information on biodiversity would also - 3 - include developing capacity for inventory and monitoring at new regional centers and at existing facilities within provincial universities. Rationale for GET Funding 9. The project meets the "demonstration" criteria currently required for GET support. It is the first project of its kind. It would provide an institutional model for developing and strengthening systematic collections in other countries. Furthermore, it would increase basic knowledge in systematic biology and disseminate this knowledge throughout the international scientific community. 10. The project would also contribute to the Bank's Country Assistance Strategy by improving environmental management and strengthening government capacities. It is a logical progression of the Bank's support for conservation and environmental assessment. The Bank, through a number of initiatives under the Indonesia Forestry I and subsequent projects, has assisted GOI in the formulation of the national conservation strategy. Bank-supported projects have included investment in conservation, such as support for specific parks. The Bank has also supported the strengthening of environmental assessment of investment proposals. Systematic collections are a basic tool for biodiversity inventory and monitoring, which in turn is a crucial element of environment assessment. Project Objectives 11. The proposed project would strengthen the institutional capacity of PPPB to support systematic biological collections, a basic reference tool for biodiversity inventory and monitoring. The project would also make information from the collections available to external clients. The project would establish the foundation required for PPPB to meet the expanding needs for biodiversity information over the long-term, and would provide high priority information during the project period. The main objectives would be: (a) to provide support for overall project management and coordination, in order to foster both effective project implementation and long-term institutional transformation; (b) to restore and develop the collections and associated functions of the Botany and Zoology Divisions; (c) to design and establish a computerized database of specimen-based data for collections management, collection plans and development, and external use; and (d) to strengthen the capacity to coordinate and foster collaborative biological research activities and client services. Project Description 12. The project would be implemented over five years and would include the following components: (a) General Project Management and Coordination. This component would comprise the establishment of a steering committee, a project management committee and a project implementation unit (including locally contracted specialists in project and financial management), a technical advisory group (of international advisors with institutional and technical expertise), a user advisory group (representative of external clients), short-term - 4 - advisors and trainers (in environmental health and safety, document restoration, data field design, and specialized systematic biologists), provision of language training and project-related workshops for staff of PPPB, including provision of training materials and supplies, a grants program for systematic research and genetic resource conservation2, and a financing strategy study. (b) Systematic Collections and Research in Botany and Zoology. This component would support the development of systematic collections and associated research in the Botany and Zoology Divisions through: (i) Human Resource Development: Provision of about 18 graduate-level scholarships in systematic biology and about 11 overseas work-study programs, local management training programs for collection managers, plus advice and extensive on-the-job training for managers, scientists, interns, and technicians in curation, taxa identification, field collecting, and user product development; (ii) Collections Restoration and Development: Provision of building renovations, furniture, archival supplies, 40 temporary employees and redeployment of 20 permanent staff to work as curatorial assistants in order to improve and expand specimen storage, to improve the scientific organization of the collections, to restore deteriorating specimens, and to stabilize the specimens as necessary before moving them to new cabinets or buildings3 (these activities would include the integration of the marine reference collections belonging to the Research and Development Center for Oceanology with PPPB's terrestrial-based reference collections); (iii) Research Facilities: Building renovation and provision of essential scientific literature and equipment in order to improve systematic biology research facilities; and (iv) Publications and Products: Development of an illustrated technical glossary, a computerized bibliography of written reference materials, a computerized gazetteer, a database and handbooks covering specific taxa, national field guides, including a field guide for Gunung Halimun National Park, and a specimen identification service. (c) Information Systems Management. This component would set up a computer database and a local area network capable of basic specimen data entry, automated label production, collections management functions, and information dissemination. This system would complement and comprise a node of a wider network, which GOI plans to develop. This component would comprise inputs of technical assistance, an overseas work-study program, computer and network equipment and installation, software development and support, and the establishment of a new sub-division with redeployed and newly recruited staff. 2 During negotiations, the Bank obtained assurances that the research grants program would be carried out in accordance with procedures and criteria agreed with the Bank. During negotiations, the Bank obtained assurances that GOI would stabilize specimens as necessary before moving them to new cabinets or to different buildings. - 5 - (d) Scientific Collaboration and Services. This component would provide a small amount of technical assistance and office equipment to strengthen PPPB's capacity to manage collaborative research, client services, and training programs. prject Fi ng 13. The proposed GET grant of US$ 7.2 million equivalent would finance 63 percent of the total project costs (US$ 11.4 million). GET would finance an estimated US$ 3.8 million net of taxes for technical assistance, studies and training, for which an estimated US$ 2.2 million net of taxes would be procured through a single contract in accordance with Bank procedures. A single contract would facilitate provision of highly-specialized technical expertise and training, which is in scarce supply worldwide, and in some cases, unique. GOI would finance an estimated US$ 1.0 million in taxes and duties on investment costs. In addition, GOI would contribute US$ 3.2 million net of taxes in local training, research grants, and recurrent institutional operating expenses. Estimated costs and financing are summarized in Schedule A. Procurement methods, disbursement categories, and the disbursement schedule are outlined in Schedule B. Project Implementation 14. Overall Management. PPPB would implement the project. A Project Manager, supported by a small project implementation unit, and Project Coordinators for botany, zoology, information systems management, and scientific collaboration, would manage the project. The Project Manager would work with a Project Management Committee (which would include PPPB divisional managers) to coordinate project activities with the overall PPPB operations, and would report to the Director of PPPB and an interagency Steering Committee. The Project Manager would also receive guidance from the Technical and User Advisor Groups and from short-term foreign experts and individually contracted specialists. In addition to providing general project oversight, the Steering Committee would direct the financing strategy study and decide on research grant allocations. During negotiations the Bank obtained assurances from GOI that the membership of the Project Management Committee, Steering Committee, and the User Advisory Group would be determined in accordance with criteria agreed with the Bank. GOI has submitted to the Bank evidence that the consultants implementing the technical assistance and specialized training contract, and the individuals to be contracted as the project management and financial management specialists have been selected. During negotiations it was agreed that as a condition of disbursement for equipment, furniture, and materials, and for research grants, that GOI provide evidence that the technical assistance and specialized training contract has been signed and that the project management and financial management specialists have been hired. 15. Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation. The project design includes a planning process in the first year that would: (a) define an explicit policy framework for managing and developing biodiversity information; (b) develop a work program and set of priorities for overall institutional management, curation upgrading, database development, and client services; (c) specify detailed arrangements for staffing, career development, budget, and other required inputs; and (d) delineate criteria and procedures for evaluating the performance of staff and consultants and the effectiveness of management policies and procedures, training programs, client services. The resulting plan would be used for project monitoring and evaluation. The planning process includes two workshops during project inception, both of which would require participation of the TAG and other specialists. One workshop would determine database fields. The other workshop would determine taxa-specific priorities for project activities, using a methodology which incorporates estimates of accuracy and coverage of existing information, and projections of incremental costs and benefits of improvements. - 6 - During negotiations, the Bank obtained assurances that PPPB would: (a) in consultation with the User Advisory Group and the Steering Committee, prepare the content of the project work plan and the format of the progress reports, acceptable to the Bank, by March 31, 1995; (b) subsequently submit the progress reports, including an evaluation of consultant and staff performance, on a semi-annual basis, by April 30 and October 31, beginning April 30, 1995; (c) submit to the Bank a review of the work plan, which would include staffing, management procedures and decisions, budget, technical assistance, training, client services, and other project requirements, by September 30, 1995, and on an annual basis thereafter, and promptly carry out the recommendations of this review, taking into account the comments of the Bank, and (d) submit to the Bank the budget proposals for the project work plan agreed with the Bank, by December 31, 1995 and on an annual basis thereafter. During negotiations the Bank obtained assurances that PPPB would prepare a mid-project review by December 31, 1997, which would incorporate the strategy developed under the Financial Strategy Study, and a report on collections data access policy, and promptly carry out the recommendations of this review, taking into account the comments of the Bank. 16. Staffing. Of the 115 positions required for the project, some 53 would be filled by existing PPPB staff (from a pool of some 325 PPPB staff), some 13 staff would be seconded or recruited, and some 49 staff would be locally contracted on a fixed-term basis. All 18 managerial job positions for the project would be filled by existing PPPB personnel, with the exception of the Information Systems Coordinator position, which would be filled initially by an employee seconded from another LIPI agency. Locally contracted specialists would assist with project management tasks, fmancial management, software applications, engineering design, and various publications and products. New permanent staff would be recruited as required to participate in the graduate scholarship program. Some 20 redeployed staff and 40 temporary employees would work as curatorial assistants on the collections restoration and development, and data entry. This staffing plan is feasible given PPPB's existing labor profile, the standard GOI civil service and contracting regulations, and high retention rates of permanent staff. However, there are significant uncertainties regarding the potential capacities of PPPB permanent and contracted staff. To address this concern and facilitate smooth project implementation, the annual review of the work plan would include a specific focus on staffing and associated financial requirements. 17. Training. The training program would consist of: (a) graduate degree scholarships for eighteen staff; (b) overseas work-study and local management training programs for twelve staff; (c) on-the-job training of all project staff by three long-term advisors, eleven short-term advisors and experts, 6-10 scientific mentors, three locally contracted specialists, and PPPB scientists and managers; (d) internships for eight to sixteen faculty from local and provincial universities; (e) language training as required; and (f) inventory and monitoring fieldwork training. The project implementation unit would manage the overall training program, with contractual and staff assistance. As part of the project objective to strengthen PPPB's capacity to manage training, the project would include specific measures to strengthen the mobilization of additional financial resources for human resource development of PPPB staff. During negotiations the Bank obtained assurances from GOI that the graduate scholarship programs and students would be selected in accordance with criteria agreed with the Bank, and recipients of training would be offered positions in PPPB for a minimum of three years where they could make full use of their training. 18. Project Scope, Phasing. and Focus. Project designers have made every effort to determine a level of funding and an implementation schedule that is within the implementation capacity of PPPB and that reflects the importance of systematic collections relative to other national biodiversity priorities. Because of the current condition of PPPB's collections and the limited institutional capacity in the field of expertise the project must draw on, both within Indonesia and - 7 - worldwide, the project would focus on internal development. Measurable services and products for external clients would be limited in scope and would be achieved only in the later years of the project. Yet these would enable PPPB to demonstrate, albeit on a small scale, the current and potential benefits of project investments to external clients and to possible funding sources. 19. Linkage with Users and Information Policy. This investment is designed to be user-, not supply-driven over the long-term. Early in project preparation, GOI sponsored a workshop to give potential users an opportunity to contribute to project design. Prior to grant negotiations GOI gave these users an opportunity to review the final project proposal. GOI is now establishing a User Advisory Group (UAG) representative of the range of potential users. The project will also support a Collections Data Access Specialist who would draft a report on government policies involved in access to and sharing of data with outsiders. 20. Coordination with Japanese-financed Project. The proposed Japanese-funded project that would replace the buildings that house the Center's zoological collections would supplement, not duplicate, the GEF project. The GEF project schedule has been adjusted to accommodate the projected timing of GOJ-funded investments, giving special consideration of the need to stabilize the specimens before the move. GOI has taken responsibility for further coordination. While the GOJ project would provide a valuable contribution, the GEF project could proceed even if GOJ support does not materialize. During negotiations the Bank obtained assurances from Government that GOI would provide an adequate budget to rehouse the zoological collections in improved facilities by March 31, 1998 should the anticipated Government of Japan support be insufficient or not materialize. Project Sustainability 21. The project includes financial, staffing, training, technical assistance, and physical investments designed to support long-term institutional transformation. The project includes a study to develop a financing strategy to address financial sustainability after the project period. During negotiations, the Bank obtained assurances that the Financial Strategy Study would be completed by September 30, 1997, and that PPPB would begin to operationalize the strategy developed under this study during the mid-project review. The Financing Strategy Study will help enable PPPB to obtain the long-term increases in the institutional budget to cover incremental operating costs resulting from the project, and the financing required for continued development of biodiversity information. The staffing plan depends on training and motivating a core group of permanent managers and curatorial assistants to maintain the collections and to continue to develop the database after the project, and using temporary staff for much of the restoration work which would be completed by the end of the project. The annual review of the work plan would facilitate any necessary adjustments in the staffing plan and the Government's financial contribution. The selection criteria for the scholarship programs and students and the subsequent employment requirements would address concerns regarding the sustainability of investments in graduate scholarships. The technical assistance would be provided with the goal of transferring expertise and technological resources to Indonesia. The physical investments would provide supplies and equipment necessary for the efficient long-term curation and scientific management of the national biological collections. These physical improvements would also provide improved working conditions, which are essential to staff motivation. Past Experience and Lessons Learned 22. The Bank has not financed a similar project in Indonesia or elsewhere. Generic implementation issues for the Bank projects in Indonesia have included: (a) inter-agency coordination; (b) timely allocation of government counterpart budget; and (c) timely appointment of consultants and - 8 - their effective interaction with government staff. These issues would be addressed through the use of appropriate coordination mechanisms (including a detailed implementation plan and specific reporting relationships), the allocation of budget funds to a specially established project account, the agreement to consultant appointments as conditions of disbursements, and the provision of financial incentives for counterpart project staff. Project design also reflects the lessons learned from agricultural research projects; these lessons center on strategic and financial management. Environmental Aspects 23. Hazardous Chemicals. The project would contribute to national conservation efforts and would improve information needed for environmental assessment nationwide. The main anticipated negative environmental issue associated with the project is exposure of staff and visitors to the residual hazardous chemicals used to preserve biological specimens prior to project inception. As of January, 1994, PPPB ceased applying mercuric and arsenic compounds and paradichlorbenzene. During the first year of the project, health and safety consultants would review environmental health and safety issues. During negotiations, the Bank obtained assurances that PPPB would prepare, in consultation with the environmental health and safety advisors, an environmental health and safety action plan, by April 30, 1995. The recommendations of this plan and associated training would precipitate changes in collections management procedures that would be implemented under the project to minimize exposure to residual harmful chemicals. 24. Rare and Endangered Species. During negotiations, the Bank obtained assurances that the collection of specimens from the wild under the project (under the field work training and guidebook production program) would be carried out with full regard to the need to conserve rare and endangered species. The overall project, including the collection activities, would *mprove the information on the status of rare and endangered species in Indonesia. Agreed Actions 25. During negotiations, the Bank obtained assurances from the Government that: (a) The research grants program would operate in accordance with procedures and criteria agreed with the Bank; (b) GOI would stabilize specimens as necessary before moving them to new cabinets or to different buildings; (c) that the membership of the Project Management Committee, Steering Committee, and the User Advisory Group would be determined in accordance with criteria agreed with the Bank; (d) PPPB would: (i) in consultation with the User Advisory Group and the Steering Committee, prepare the content of the project work plan and the format of the progress reports, acceptable to the Bank, by March 31, 1995; (ii) subsequently submit the progress reports, including an evaluation of consultant and staff performance, on a semi- annual basis, by April 30 and October 31, beginning April 30, 1995; (iii) submit to the Bank a review of the work plan, which would include staffing, management procedures and decisions, budget, technical assistance, training, client services, and other project requirements, by September 30, 1995, and on an annual basis thereafter, and promptly carry out the recommendations of this review, taking into account the comments of the - 9 - Bank, and (iv) submit to the Bank the budget proposals for the project work plan agreed with the Bank, by December 31, 1995 and on an annual basis thereafter; (e) PPPB would prepare a mid-project review by December 31, 1997, which would incorporate the strategy developed under the Financial Strategy Study, and incorporate the report on collections data access policy, and promptly carry out the recommendations of this review, taking into account the comments of the Bank; (f) The graduate scholarship programs and students would be selected in accordance with criteria agreed with the Bank, and recipients of training would be employed for a minimum of three years in positions at PPPB where they could make full use of their training; (g) GOI would provide an adequate budget to rehouse the zoological collections in improved facilities by March 31, 1998 should the anticipated Government of Japan support be insufficient or not materialize; (h) PPPB would: (i) prepare, in consultation with the environmental health and safety advisors, an environmental health and safety action plan by April 30, 1995; (ii) furnish this plan to the Bank for comments; and, (iii) carry out this plan taking into account the comments of the Bank; (i) The collection of specimens from the wild under the project would be carried out with full regard to the need to conserve rare and endangered species and in accordance with applicable laws and regulations; 26. GOI has submitted to the Bank, as a condition of Regional Vice President (RVP) approval, evidence that the consultants implementing the technical assistance and specialized training contract, and the individuals to be contracted as the project management and financial management specialists have been selected. 27. During negotiations it was agreed that, as a condition of disbursement for equipment, furniture, and materials, and for research grants, that GOI provide evidence that the technical assistance and specialized training contract has been signed and that the project management and financial management specialists have been hired. Pro.ject Benefits 28. Uses of Biodiversity Information. The project would enable PPPB to become a leader in environmental data management and enable GOI, non-governmental organizations, and commnercial users to access priority biodiversity information. This biodiversity information would provide a more factual basis for decision-making in natural resource management, conservation, spatial planning, and environmental assessment. It would also enable the identification of plants and animals with economic potential. The label information associated with specimens in the collections include location, date of collection, soil type, elevation, slope, proximity to water courses, associated species, and local uses. Applications of this label information include: (a) Rapid assessments of the biological resources of specific locations, to be used in land-use planning and ecosystem management; - 10 - (b) Enviro nental monitoring to measure the impact over time of investments and other human activities on ecosystems; (c) Identification and monitorinL of rare and endangered species, and analysis of geographic distribution patterns for biodiversity conservation; (d) Identification of unknown species such as newly introduced agricultural pests; (e) Repository of local knowledge about plant and animal uses, which is rapidly disappearing; and (f) Database searches for prospecting plants and animals for various uses including therapeutic drugs, food, biological controls, reforestation (e.g., mycorrhizal fungi), and geological species indicators (e.g., discovery of mineral deposits and hot springs). 29. Institutional Benefits. To achieve these applications, the project would accomplish the following: (a) Strategic and institutional transformation. The project would enable PPPB to become one of the first examples in the world where the collection, organization, and dissemination of biodiversity information would be driven by user need, integrated and coordinated at a national level; and based on primary specimen-based data. The project would also enable PPPB to take the first step in a long-term process to provide biodiversity information adequate in scope and scale to the task of conservation and sustainable development in a large, developing country with high biodiversity. The project would make PPPB more effective and responsive, and would provide a model of strategic and institutional transformation for similar organizations in both developing and developed countries. (b) Improvements in the physical condition of specimens. The project investment in collections and research would significantly improve the physical condition of the collections. Under the project, PPPB would take definitive steps toward international standards of physical curation. Unless immediate measures are taken to restore large numbers of specimens that are deteriorating under tropical conditions, the Center's extensive historical collections will shortly sustain irreparable damage, and large amounts of valuable biodiversity information will be lost. In economic terms, it is four to twenty times more cost-efficient to capture biodiversity information from the existing collections than to collect new data from the field. (c) Database design and establishment. The database development would improve collections management, enable collection plans and development, and facilitate external use. The database would be state-of-the-art, and would provide a key part of the scientific and institutional foundation required for a national biodiversity information system. It would provide functional fields of information that meet internal and external needs for the priority taxa that are in the project work program. The project would also establish the basic database infrastructure required for the long-term process of entering 100 percent of the data from PPPB's existing collections. (d) Fostering of scientific collaboration and research. The project would help to foster scientific collaboration and research, beyond that which would be provided under the - 11 - project itself. This increased scientific collaboration and research would supplement financial and expert resources, and be an important source of new specimens, data, and human resource development. (e) Development of user products and services. The project also includes support for a variety of products and services for external clients. These tangible products and services would be based on, and mostly limited to, priority taxa, and might include preliminary species lists, measures of abundance and distribution, identification reference tools and services, field guides, compilations of ethnobiological data, and biotic resource prospecting services. rqJect isks 30. Risks and areas of uncertainty associated with the implementation of the project consist of: (a) provision of sufficient management support; (b) recruitment, motivation, and training of sufficient numbers of new and existing staff; (c) provision of technical expertise from a limited pool worldwide; (d) building of institutional linkages, which would enable the fullest possible utilization of the collections; and (e) sustainability after the project. The project would establish new positions key to project management, make provision for competitive recruitment of new staff, and provide incentives and training for all project staff. It would use a single contract arrangement for procuring specialized technical expertise. The project includes specific measures to strengthen linkages with users. It also includes measures that address financial and institutional requirements for long-term sustainability. Attachments Washington D.C. June 22, 1994 - 13 - Schedule A Page 1 of 1 INDONESIA BIODIVERSITY COLLECTIONS PROJECT Estimated Costs and Financing Plan ESTIMATED COSTS a/: S Total SRn Million) (USS 'DOD) - Foreign Bare _Lgnal EgZnigln .o_a&L_ For ian .ToItAL. EXChanci e 1. General Project Management & Coordination 2,112 1,345 3,457 1,004 639 1,642 39 1-7 2. Botany Collections and Research 4,162 1,856 6,018 1,977 882 2,859 31 30 3. Zoology Collections and Research 3,178 2,277 5,455 1,510 1,082 2,591 42 27 4. Information Systems 605 992 1,596 2e7 471 758 62 6 5. Scientific Collaboration and Services 723 __1_ l 3.4i 3 a1.428 .s7 81 i8 Total 1JURL1N! COSTS 10,780 9,475 20,255 5,121 4,501 9,622 47 100 Physical Contingencies 892 472 1,364 424 224 648 35 7 Price Contingencies --1.. 646 __2.i 816 307 1.173 27 12 Total PROJECT COZTS 13,390 10,593 23,984 6,361 5,032 11,394 44 118 Tue Apr 12 17:12:32 1994 ./ Includes US$ 1.0 million in duties and taxes. FINANCING PLAN: Foreign Local Total (US$ million) Global Environment Trust Fund 5.0 2.2 7.2 Government of Indonesia .. 4.2 4.2 Total 5.0 6.4 11.4 - 14 - Schedule B Page I of 2 INDONESIA BIODIVERSITY COLLECTIONS PROJECT Procurement Method and Disbursement AMOUNTS AND METHODS OF PROCUREMENT: Indonesia siodiversiCy Collections Project Procurent Arrangeneoes (USS Million) Pr-,ur-!nerr M.Chod Local Limited Competitive International Local Direct Consultinq Rid A hoo conmz L Ni Tr A. Civil works 0.1 e (0.1) :. a. Zquipment, Materials, end Furniture Scientific and Curation Equipment and Materials - 06 0.0 - - (0.5) (0.0) is Computers and Office Equipment 0.2 - 0.1 - - (0.2) (0.1) Specimen Storage Furniture 1.0 - - (0.9) Other Equipment, Macerials, and Furnicure - - 0. C. Technical Assitaense Training. and Studies 1. Technical Advisors and Specialized TrainLag - - - - 2.4 2 4 (2.2) 2. Studies - - - - 01 - (0.1) OI 3. Graduate Fellowehips - - - 1 s (1.6) (1..) 4. Local Training Programs and Internships - - - 0.3 l D. misc. Contracts Publications and Products - - - 04 0.4 - 0 . (0.3) (0.4) (0.7 Contract Employees - - - 2.5 - - 0.5 (0.4) 4 Research Grants - - - 0.1 - 0 . 4 0 5 (0.1) (0.11 S. Allowances and Honoraria 0o 4 - - 0.4 (0.41 F. Recurrent Expenditures - - - - - 2 ; Total 1.3 0.6 0.2 3.0 2.9 3.4 11.4 (1.1) (0.5) (0.2) f2.61 (2.6) (7 21 NOTES: Figures in parnthesis are the respecuve amounts financed by the Global Environment Trust Fund. Numbers may rot add due to rounding. - 15 - Schedule B Page 2 of 2 INDONESIA BIODIVERSITY COLLECTIONS PROJECT DISBURSEMENT CATEGORIES: Category Amount Disbursement Rate (US$ million) Civil Works 0.085 85 percent Equipment, furniture and materials _/ 1.720 100 percent of foreign expenditures, 100 percent of local expenditures (ex- factory costs) and 65 percent of local expenditures for other items procured locally. Training 3.500 100 percent net of taxes Research Grants 0.085 100 percent net of taxes Allowances, Honoraria, and Wages of 0.960 85 percent Contractual Employees b/ Consultants' services 0.550 100 percent net of taxes Unallocated (except Research Grants) 0.300 a' Excluding vehicles. b/ Excluding regular staff salaries. ESTIMATED DISBURSEMENTS: Bank FY FY95 FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 ------------------------------------US$ million----------------------------------- Annual 0.4 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.6 0.7 Cumulative 0.4 1.6 3.2 4.9 6.5 7.2 - 16 - Schedule C Page 1 of 1 INDONESIA BIODIVERSITY COLLECTIONS PROJECT Timetable of Key Processing Events and Staff Review Arraneements TIMETABLE OF KEY PROCESSING EVENTS: Time Taken to Prepare: 19 months Prepared by: GOI with GEF Preinvestment Facility (PRIF) - funded assistance led by Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University First IBRD Mission (Pre-identification): October, 1991 Appraisal Mission: November/December, 1993 Negotiations: April, 1994 Planned Date of Effectiveness: October, 1994 List of Relevant PCRs and PPARs: None STAFF REVIEW ARRANGEMENTS: This report is based on the findings of an appraisal mission comprised of Ms. Jessica Mott (Task Manager) and Mr. James Estes (Consultant), which visited Indonesia in November/December 1993. Mr. Ben van de Poll (Sr. Agriculturist) and Ms. Dely Gapasin (Agriculturist) assisted in project processing. The peer reviewers were Mr. Ken Creighton (technical issues), Mr. Tom Walton (institutional issues), and Ms. Susan Shen (sectoral issues). Mr. Antony Cole, Division Chief of EA3AG, and Mrs. Marianne Haug, Department Director, provided managerial oversight. The outside experts who participated in the GEF Technical Review Panel were Mr. Charles Barber and Mr. Jose Furtado. INDONESIA BIODIVERSITY COLLECTIONS PROJECT Supplemental Annex June 22, 1994 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of December 10, 1993) Currency Unit = Rupiah (Rp) US$ 1.00 = Rp 2105 GOVERNMENT FISCAL YEAR April 1 - March 31 ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND INDONESIAN TERMINOLOGY BAPPENAS Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (National Development Planning Agency) BPKP Government Audit Agency GEF Global Environment Facility GET Global Environment Trust Fund GOI Government of Indonesia GOJ Government of Japan ICB International Competitive Bidding LCB Local Competitive Bidding LIB Limited International Bidding LIPI Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahun Indonesia (Indonesian Institute of Sciences) MOD Memorandum of the Director NGO Non-Governmental Organization PCR Project Completion Report PPAR Project Performance Audit Report PPPB Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biologi (Research and Development Center for Biology, LIPI) PPPO Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Oseanologi (Research and Development Center for Oceanology, LIPI) PRIF GEF Preinvestment Facility SOE Statement of Expenditure TAG Technical Advisory Group UAG User Advisory Group INDONESIA BIODIVERSITY COLLECTIONS PROJECT GRANT AND PROJECT SUMMARY Recipient: Republic of Indonesia Amount: SDR 5.1 million (US$ 7.2 million) Terms: Grant Project Description: The proposed five-year project, to be funded by the Global Environment Trust Fund (GET), would strengthen the capacity of the Research and Development Center for Biology (PPPB) to support the systematic biological collections (reference collections of plant and animal specimens that are preserved in chemicals or pressed and dried) and their associated data that are a basic reference tool for biodiversity inventory and monitoring. The project would also make information from the collections available to users in other sectors. The project would inter alia support: (a) General Project Management and Coordination. This component would comprise the establishment of a steering committee, a project management committee, a project implementation unit, technical advisors, an advisory group representative of external clients, a research grants program for systematic research, a financial strategy study and provision of language training and project-related workshops. (b) Systematic Collections and Research in Botany and Zoology. Systematic collections and associated research in the Botany and Zoology Divisions would be developed through: (i) Human Resource Development: graduate-level scholarships in systematic biology and overseas work-study programs, local management training plus on-the-job training; (ii) Collections Restoration and Development: building renovations, furniture, supplies, and temporary employees to improve specimen storage and organization and to restore deteriorating specimens (these activities would include the integration of the marine reference collections belonging to the Research and Development Center for Oceanology with PPPB's terrestrial-based reference collections); (iii) Research Facilities: building renovation and provision of scientific literature and equipment; and (iv) Publications and User Products: development of an illustrated technical glossary, a computerized bibliography of written reference materials, a computerized gazetteer, a da,abase and handbooks covering specific taxa, national field guides, and a specimen identification service. (c) Information Systems Management. This component includes the design and establishment of a computer database and a local area network capable of basic specimen data entry, automated label production, collections management functions, and information dissemination. This system would complement and comprise a node of a wider network, which GOI plans to develop. Inputs comprise technical assistance, an overseas work-study program, computer and network equipment and installation, software development and support, and the establishment of a new sub-division. (d) Scientific Collaboration and Services. Technical assistance and office equipment would be provided to strengthen PPPB's capacity to manage collaborative research, client services, and training programs. Benefits: The project would enable PPPB to become a leader in environmental data management and enable. GOI, non-governmental organizations, and commercial users to access priority biodiversity information. This biodiversity information would provide a more factual basis for decision-making in natural resource management, conservation, spatial planning, and environmental assessment. It would also enable the identification of plants and animals with economic potential. To accomplish this intent, the project would transform PPPB through strategic planning and institutional development into an effective and responsive organization, improve the physical condition of specimens, design and establish a state-of-the-art database system, foster scientific collaboration, and provide client products and services. Risks: Risks and areas of uncertainty associated with the implementation of the project consist of: (a) provision of sufficient management support; (b) recruitment, motivation, and training of new and existing staff; (c) provision of technical expertise from a limited pool worldwide; (d) building of institutional linkages, which would enable the fullest possible utilization of the collections; and (e) sustainability after the project. The project would establish new positions key to project management, make provision for competitive recruitment of new staff, and provide incentives and training for all staff. It would use a single contract arrangement for procuring specialized technical expertise. The project includes specific measures to strengthen linkages with users. It also includes measures that address financial and institutional requirements for long-term sustainability. Estimated Costs a/: %k % Total (Rn Million) (USS '0001 Foreign Base Local Forein Total Local Iorelon Total Exchange Costs 1. General Project Management & Coordination 2,112 1,345 3,457 1,004 639 1,642 39 17 2. Botany Collections and Research 4,162 1,856 6,018 1,977 882 2,859 31 30 3. Zoology Collections and Research 3,178 2,277 5,455 1,510 1,082 2,591 42 27 4. Information Systems 605 992 1,596 287 471 758 62 8 S. Scientific Collaboration and Services 723 3.L0.0Q6 3.729 343 _._4_29 1.77.i2 81 s Total BUABLIUZ COSTS 10,780 9,475 20,255 5,121 4,501 9,622 47 100 Physical Contingencies 892 472 1,364 424 224 648 35 7 Price Contingencies 1.718 646 2.364 816 307 1.123 2 27 12 total PROJZCT COSTS 13,390 10,593 23,984 6,361 5,032 11,394 44 118 Tue Apr 12 17:12:32 1994 a/ Includes US$ 1.0 million equivalent in duties and taxes. Financing Plan: Foreign Local Total (US$ million) Global Environment Trust Fund 5.0 2.2 7.2 Government of Indonesia .. 4.2 4.2 Total 5.0 6.4 11.4 Estimated Disbursements: Bank FY FY95 FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 FYOO ------------------------------------US$ million----------------------------------- Annual 0.4 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.6 0.7 Cumulative 0.4 1.6 3.2 4.9 6.5 7.2 Economic Rate of Return: Not applicable CONTENTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL ANNEX a/ Page No. A. Procurement ............................................... 1 B. Disbursements, Accounts, and Audits ............................... 3 C. Agreements Reached During Negotiations ............................ 5 Tables in the Main Text Table 1 Procurement Arrangements. 1 Table 2 Disbursement Categories .................................. 3 Table 3 Estimated Disbursement Schedule ............................. 4 Appendices 1. Implementation Schedule ....................................... 7 2. Technical Assistance and Specialized Training Contract and Studies .... ........ 13 3. Contractual Employees and Key Products ............................. 14 4. Training Programs . .......................................... 15 5. Staffing Plan . .............................................. 16 a/ This supplemental annex provides detailed information on project administration which complements information in the attached Preparation Report. This report is based on the findings of an appraisal mission comprised of Ms. Jessica Mott (Task Manager) and Mr. Jim Estes (Consultant), which visited Indonesia in November/December 1993. Mr. Ben van de Poll (Sr. Agriculturist) and Ms. Dely Gapasin (Agriculturist) assisted in project processing. The peer reviewers were Mr. Ken Creighton (technical issues), Mr. Tom Walton (institutional issues), and Ms. Susan Shen (sectoral issues). Mr. Antony Cole, Division Chief of EA3AG, and Mrs. Marianne Haug, Department Director, provided managerial oversight. The outside experts who participated in the GEF Technical Review Panel were Mr. Charles Barber and Mr. Jose Furtado. A. PROCUREMENT 1. The proposed procurement arrangements are presented in Table I below: Indonesia Biodiversity Collections Project Procurint Arrangements (US$ Million) OrncnremuentM tRod Local Limited Competitive International Local Direct Consulting i3idd'nz 3ddin Sho-Ino conet-etin rre N - B oa A. Civil Works 0. 1 0.l (0.1) (0.1 B. Equipment. Materials, end Furniture Scientific and Curacion Equipment and Materials - 0.6 0.0 0.6 to.5) (0.0) (0.51 Computers and Office Equipment 0.2 - 0.1 - - - 0. 3 10.2) (0.1) (0.21 Specimen Storage Furniture 1.0 : 1 (0.9) (0.91 Other Equipment, Materials, and Furniture - - 0.1 - - - (0.1) (0.1) C. Technical Assitance. Training, and Studies t. Technical Advisors and Specialized Training - - 2.4 - 2.4 (2.2) (2.2) 2. Studies - - - 0.1 0.1 (0.1) (0.1) 3. Graduate Fellowships - - 1.4 - 0.1 l.7 (1.6) (1.41 4. Local Training Programs and Incernships - - - - - 0.3 0 3 D. Misc. Contracts Publications and Products - _ 0.4 0.4 - 0.a (0.31 (0.41 (0. ) Contract Employees 0 .5 - - 0.5 (0.4) (0.43 Research Grants - - 0.1 0.4 0.5 (0.1) (0.1) E. Allowances and Honoraria - - 0.4 _ - 0.4 (0.4) 30.4) F. Recuarrent Expenditures - - - - 2.3 2.5 Total 1.3 0 .6 0.2 3.0 2.5 3.4 11.4 (1.1) (0.5) (0.2) (2.3 42.4 ) (7.2) NOTES: Figures in parenthesis are the respective amounts financed by the Global Environtnent Trust Fund. Numbers may not add due to rounding. 2. Civil Works (USS 0.1 million). These consist of building improvements to the herbarium, including window screening, wall partitions, and the installation of air conditioning for selected portions of the building. Because these small contracts would not attract foreign bidders, these works would be procured following local competitive bidding procedures (LCB) acceptable to the Bank. - 2 - 3. Equipment, Furniture and Materials (US$ 2.0 million). About US$ 0.6 million would be for highly specialized scientific and curational equipment and supplies, which are only available from a limited number of suppliers worldwide. These items would therefore be procured through limited international bidding (LIB). An additional US$ 30,000 of the scientific and curational equipment and curational equipment and supplies, for readily available off-the-shelf purchases in amounts less than US$20,000, would be procured through local shopping. About US$ 0.3 million would be for computer and office equipment, of which some 75 percent would be procured through LCB because the small contract values and the need for local servicing would preclude international competitive bidding (ICB). The remaining 25 percent of the computer and office equipment, for readily available off-the shelf purchases in amounts less than US$ 20,000, would be procured through local shopping. About US$ 1.0 million would be for custom-built metal cabinets and other curation furniture. These cabinets are produced locally at prices below the international market and they would therefore be procured through LCB procedures acceptable to the Bank. The remaining US$ 0.1 million would be for readily-available off-the-shelf, small value freezers, office furniture and materials procured through local shopping. The aggregate total of all items in this procurement category procured through local shopping would be limited to US$ 200,000. 4. Technical Assistance, Studies and Training (US$ 4.5 million). All technical assistance and studies would be procured in accordance with the Bank's Guidelines on the Use of Consultants and engaged according to the Bank's Standard Conditions of Contract for Consultants. About US$ 2.5 million would be for technical advisors, specialized training (including overseas work-study programs, local management training programs, and on-the-job training), and the financing strategy study procured through a single contract, which would facilitate provision of highly specialized technical expertise, which is in scarce supply worldwide, and in some cases, unique. In order to expedite the start of project activities after project approval, this contract should be signed as a condition of disbursement of the equipment, materials, and furniture and the research grants. Some US$ 1.6 million for overseas graduate scholarships and academic co-supervisors would be procured through direct contracting with universities, and reimbursement for other related eligible expenses. A locally contracted specialist would handle administrative arrangements for the graduate scholarship program. The remaining US$ 0.4 million, mostly for local graduate scholarships, language training, internships for local university faculty, and training in field inventory and monitoring, would be supplied mainly by reimbursement of eligible expenses. 5. Miscellaneous Contracts and Other Expenditures (US$ 1.8 million). About US$ 0.8 million for publications and products (e.g., periodicals, computer software development, bibliography and gazetteer compilation, and glossary, handbook, and guidebook production) would be procured through either through consultant service contracts in accordance with Bank Guidelines (about US$ 0.4 million) or through reimbursement of eligible expenses (about US$ 0.4 million) as appropriate. Locally contracted specialists who would assist PPPB staff with administrative and financial tasks, and temporary employees who would assist with curation, would be hired through direct contracts totalling some US$ 0.5 million. In order to expedite the start of project activities after project approval, the specialists in project management and in financial management would be hired as a condition of disbursement of the equipment, materials, and furniture and the research grants. About US$ 0.5 million for small research grants would be procured through direct contracts in accordance with selection procedures outlined in the Preparation Report paragraph 4.10 and Annex 3, Part C, pages 81-86. 6. Allowances and Honoraria (US$ 0.4 million). These consist of reimbursements of eligible allowances and honoraria. - 3 - 7. Review of Procurement. For LIB, GOI would use and conform to the Bank's Standard Bidding Documents for the ICB of Goods for all aspects other than advertisement, prequalification and preferences. GOI would also use and conform to the Standard Form of Contract for Consultants, and the proposed Standard Bidding Documents for the LCB of Civil Works and Goods which would facilitate the tender and contract preparation by the various agencies involved. Under LIB, domestic preferences are not applicable in the evaluation of bids. All tender documents and contracts for goods estimated to cost the equivalent of US$ 200,000 or more, all consultant and service contracts with institutions estimated to cost US$ 100,000 or more, all consultant and service contracts with individuals estimated to cost US$ 50,000 or more, and all studies would be subject to prior review by the Bank. For consultancy contracts with institutions, the review would include terms of reference, short list, letter of invitation, selection procedures and criteria, recommendation for award, and the final contract. The prior review by the Bank would cover about 63 percent of total contract values, and the contracted specialist who would handle the administration of the graduate scholarships would provide external oversight for an additional 21 percent of the total contracted values. All contracts and statements of expenditure not subject to prior review by the Bank would be subject to a post- review by the Bank on a sample basis. This review would concentrate on the competitiveness of prices paid and on physical inspections of the relevant items. B. DISBURSEMENTS, ACCOUNTS, AND AUDITS 8. Disbursements of the GET grant would be made as follows: Table 2: Disbursement Categories Category Amount Disbursement Rate (US$ million) Civil Works 0.085 85 percent Equipment, furniture and materials a/ 1.720 100 percent of foreign expenditures, 100 percent of local expenditures (ex- factory costs) and 65 percent of local expenditures for other items procured locally. Training 3.500 100 percent net of taxes Research Grants 0.085 100 percent net of taxes Allowances, Honoraria, and Wages of 0.960 85 percent Contractual Employees b/ Consultants' services 0.550 100 percent net of taxes Unallocated (except Research Grants) 0.300 a! Excluding vehicles. b/ Excluding regular staff salaries. 9. Disbursement Arrangements for Research Grants. In order to facilitate 100% financing by GOI of a large portion of the research grants program, unallocated funds would not be available to the research grants category. 10. Disbursement Documentation. Disbursements under the project would be made against Statement of Expenditure (SOE) for contracts for works, goods, and equipment valued at less than US$ 200,000, contracts for the employment of consulting firms costing less than US$ 100,000 equivalent per contract, and contracts for the employment of individual consultants costing less than US$ 50,000, and research grants, non-contractual training, intern stipends, allowances, honoraria, and other staff expenditures. Disbursement for all other expenditures would be on the basis of full documentation. Contracts disbursed under SOEs would be based on bid documents approved by the Bank. Supporting documentation for SOE expenditures would be retained by PPPB and be made available for inspection by Bank supervision missions; it would not be submitted to the Bank. 11. Disbursement Schedule. The proceeds of the grant are expected to be disbursed over six years, which is shorter than the seven and a half year average disbursement period for projects in Indonesia (Table 3). The Project Completion Date would be March 31, 2000 and the Project Closing Date would be September 30, 2000. Table 3: Estimated Disbursement Schedule Proiect Disbursement GEF Per Semester Cumulative % Disbursement Fiscal Year ------- US$ million ------------- Profile % a/ 1995 1 0.2 0.2 3 3 2 0.2 0.4 6 6 1996 1 0.6 1.0 14 14 2 0.6 1.6 22 22 1997 1 0.9 2.5 35 34 2 0.7 3.2 44 42 1998 1 1.0 4.2 58 54 2 0.7 4.9 68 62 1999 I 1.0 5.9 82 74 2 0.6 6.5 90 82 2000 1 0.5 7.0 97 86 2 0.2 7.2 100 94 2001 1 7.2 100 96 2 7.2 100 98 2002 1 7.2 100 100 a/ For all projects in Indonesia. Project Closing Date: September 30, 2000. - 5 - 12. Special Account. To facilitate disbursements, a Special Account would be established in Bank Indonesia to be maintained by the Director General Budget in the Ministry of Finance or a state commercial bank acceptable to the Bank for the purpose of the project. The account would be maintained in US dollars, with an initial deposit of US$ 0.5 million. The Special Account would be used for all eligible foreign and local currency expenditures. The Government would request replenishment of the Special Account on a monthly basis or when 20 percent of the initial deposit has been depleted, whichever occurs first. 13. Accounts and Audits. PPPB would keep project accounts by government fiscal year which reflect the status of project components and expenditures. Assurances were obtained during negotiations that GOI and its agencies would comply with the following project accounting and auditing arrangements: (a) PPPB would establish and maintain adequate accounts from the beginning of project implementation. Such accounts would be maintained in accordance with sound and generally recognized accounting principles and practices satisfactory to the Bank and in a format in line with the Bank's Guidelines on Financial Reporting and Auditing of Projects Financed by the World Bank for East Asia and the Pacific Region; (b) all project accounts including schedules of expenditures claimed under SOE procedures and usage of the Special Account would be audited annually by the Government Audit Agency (BPKP), or other suitably qualified auditors acceptable to the Bank; and (c) audit reports of project accounts, SOE and Special Account would be submitted to the Bank within six months of each Government fiscal year. C. AGREEMENTS REACHED DURING NEGOTIATIONS 14. During negotiations, the Bank obtained assurances from the Government that: (a) The research grants program would operate in accordance with procedures and criteria agreed with the Bank (MOD para. 13, Preparation Report para. 4.10, and Annex 3, pages 81-86); (b) GOI would stabilize specimens as necessary before moving them to new cabinets or to different buildings (MOD para. 13, Preparation Report paras. 4.20, 4.31); (c) that the membership of the Project Management Committee, Steering Committee, and the User Advisory Group would be determined in accordance with criteria agreed with the Bank (MOD para. 15, Preparation Report paras. 4.7, 4.51-4.52, 4.59, and Annex 3, page 79); (d) PPPB would: (i) in consultation with the User Advisory Group and the Steering Committee, prepare the content of the project work plan and the format of the progress reports, acceptable to the Bank, by March 31, 1995; (ii) subsequently submit the progress reports, including an evaluation of consultant and staff performance, on a semi- annual basis, by April 30 and October 31, beginning April 30, 1995; (iii) submit to the Bank a review of the work plan, which would include staffing, management procedures and decisions, budget, technical assistance, training, client services, and other project requirements, by September 30, 1995, and on an annual basis thereafter, and promptly carry out the recommendations of this review, taking into account the comments of the Bank, and (iv) submit to the Bank the budget proposals for the project work plan agreed with the Bank, by December 31, 1995 and on an annual basis thereafter (MOD para. 16, Preparation Report paras. 4.62-4.65); (e) PPPB would prepare a mid-project review by December 31, 1997, which would incorporate the strategy developed under the Financial Strategy Study and the report on Collection Data Access Policy (which would both be completed by September 30, 1997), and a project completion report by October 31, 2000, in accordance with guidance provided by the Bank (MOD paras. 16, and Preparation Report paras. 4.664.68); (f) The graduate scholarship programs and students would be selected in accordance with criteria agreed with the Bank, and recipients of training would be offered positions in PPPB for a minimum of three years where they could make full use of their training (MOD para. 18, Supplemental Annex - Annex 3, Preparation Report paras. 4.14, 4.27, 6.9, and Annex 3, pages 87-88); (g) GOI would provide an adequate budget to rehouse the zoological collections in improved facilities by March 31, 1998 should the anticipated Government of Japan support be insufficient or not materialize (MOD para. 21, Preparation Report paras. 4.14, 6.11); (h) PPPB would: (i) prepare, in consultation with the environmental health and safety advisors, an environmental health and safety action plan by April 30, 1995; (ii) furnish this plan to the Bank for comments and, (iii) carry out this plan taking into account the comments of the Bank (MOD para. 24, Preparation Report para. 4.8, and Annex 4, page 100); (i) The collection of specimens from the wild under the project would be carried out with full regard to the need to conserve rare and endangered species and in accordance with applicable laws and regulations (MOD para. 25, Preparation Report para. 6.4); (j) All consultants would be selected in accordance with the Bank's Guidelines, and engaged according to the Bank's Standard Conditions of Contract for Consultants (Suppleme,ntal Annex para. 4). (k) Procurement arrangements would be as outlined in Supplemental Annex paras. 1-7; and, (1) GOI would comply with the accounting and auditing requirements as specified in Supplemental Annex para. 13. 15. GOI has submitted to the Bank evidence that the consultants implementing the technical assistance and specialized training contract, and the individuals to be contracted as the project management and financial management specialists have been selected (MOD para. 15). 16. During negotiations it was agreed that, as a condition of disbursement for equipment, furniture, and materials, and for research grants, that GOI provide evidence that the technical assistance and specialized training contract has been signed and that the project management and financial management specialists have been hired (MOD para. 15). 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20 ID Start Duration Start Finish _ = 1 Bank Processing 241d 11/7/93 10/10/94 2 Appraisal 19d 11/7/93 12/2/93 3 PID/FEPS Od 12/23/93 12/23/93 4 Negotiation 5d 4/4/94 4/8/94 5 VP Approval Od 7/18/94 7/18/94 6 Grant Signing Od 8/15/94 8/15/94 7 Grant Effectiveness Od 10/10/94 10/10/94 8 Project Start-Up and Implementation 1560d 11/7/93 10/31/99 9 Confirm Government Comnmittment Od 1/28/94 1/28/94 10 PPPB/PPPO Letter of Agreement Od 1/28/94 1/28194 11 Confirm Gov. Approval of Prep. Report Od 1/28/94 1/28/94 12 Budget and Plans 69d 12/28/93 4/1/94 13 Draft SK (Proj. Man. and PIMPROS) 24d 12/28193 1/28/94 14 94/95 DUP Budget Commitment 24d 12/28/93 1/28/94 15 DIP for FY94/95 Budget Allocation Od 4/1/94 4/1/94 16 Staff and Committee Recruitment 126d 11/8/93 5/3/94 17 Job Descriptions for Key Positions 59d 11/8/93 1/27/94 18 Staff and Tec. Comm. Candidates Proposed 66d 1/28/94 5/2/94 19 Steering Committee Od 5/2/94 5/2/94 20 Project Managemnent Committee Od 5/2/94 5/2/94 21 Approval to Second Inf. Sys. Man. Od 1/28/94 1/28/94 22 Staff and Committee Members Appointed Od 5/3/94 5/3/94 23 Locally Contracted Specialists 1426d 11/8/93 4/26/99 p m 24 Terms of Reference 59d 11/8/93 1/27/94 25 Recruitment Schedule ad 1/28/94 1/28/94 26 Financial Management Specialist Recruited 780d 5/3/94 4/28/97 27 Project Management Specialist Recruited 1300d 5/3/94 4/26/99 YD 28 Recruitment of Other Contracted Individuals 1300d 5/3/94 4/26/99 _- Project: Biodiversity Colledions Critical { ////////////// Progress Summary 1 Date/59 Noncritical Milestone *Rolle Up Page 1 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20 ID ________DDurati n Start Finish - 7 I f ifiI71IT rI I II 29 Specialized Tec. Ass. and Training Contract 1541d 11/7/93 10/4/99 _ 30 Terms of Reference 33d 11/7/93 12/22/93 31 Draft Procurement Documents 29d 12/28/93 2/4/94 32 Revision of Draft Documents 2w 2/25/94 3/10/94 l 33 Letter of Invitation Od 3/28/94 3/28/94 34 Evaluation and Selection 4w 5/24/94 6/20/94 35 Bank Review and No Objection 2w 6/21/94 7/4/94 36 Contract Negotiation 4w 7/19/94 8/15/94 37 Mobilization 1318d 9/15/94 10/4/99 _ 38 Team Leader 1318d 9/15/94 10/4/99 _ . 49 Botany Institutions Advisor 1301d 10/3/94 9/27/99 7 _ 59 Zoological Institutional Specialist 1301d 10/3/94 9/27/99 69 Collections Database Expert 26w 10/3/94 3/31/95 70 Short-term Specialists and Mentors 260w 10/3/94 9/24/99 71 Overseas Work-Study Programs 26w 1/2/95 6/30/95 72 Strategic and Policy Studies 446d 10/6/95 6/20/97 _ 73 Collections Data Access Repor 5Od 10/6/95 12/14/95_ 74 Hiring Specialist Od 10/6/95 10/6/95 * 75 Final Report 2w 12/11/95 12/14/95 76 Financing Strategy Study 255d 7/1/96 6/20/97 77 Draft Procurement Documents 20d 7/1/96 7/26/96 78 Bank NOL and Letter of Invitation 3w 8/19/96 9/6/96 79 Bid Evaluation 6w 11/18/96 12/27/96 80 Bank Review and No Objection '3w 12/30/96 1/17/97 8I Contract Negotiations 8w 1/20/9? 3/14/97 82 Mobilization Od 5/9/97 5/9/97 83 Draft Report and Workshop 4w 5/12/97 6/6/97 84 Final Report 2w 6/9/97 6/20/97 Project: Biodiversity Collections Critical W//////// Progress Summary_ Date: 4/15/94 Noncriticali ~ Milestone *Rolled Up Page 2 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20 ID Starlt Duration Start Finish _ _ I I I i 124 Completion Od 4/1/96 4/1/96 125 UB Procurrnent of Scientific Equip. and Mat. 165d 10N/94 5/ 19/95 126 Draft Procurement Documents 6w 10/3/94 11/11/94 127 Bank Review and Bid Invitation 3. 11/14/94 12N2/94 128 Bid Evaluation 3w 1/16/95 2/395 129 Bank Review and Bid Award 3w 216195 2/24/95 130 Deivety d 5/19195 5/19/95 131 LCB Procurement of Cabinets 450d 10t28194 7119196 132 Draft Procuremfont Documents 4w 10/28/94 11/25/94 133 Bank Review 2w 11/28/94 12/9/974 134 Adveriisement 2w 12/12/S4 12/23194 135 Bid Evaluation 3w 2/95 2/24/95 136 Bank Review and Bid Award 3w 2/7/95 3/17/95 3 137 Delivery of Herbarium Fumiture 40w 6/12/95 3115196 138 Delivery of Zoology Museum Fumiture 16w 4/1t96 7/19/96 139 Local Shopping for 0th. Equip., Mat. and Fum. 1044d 10/3/94 1011/98 _// 140 Environmental Health and Safety Practices 247d 1/28/94 1/9/95 141 Cessation of Hazardous Chemical App. ad 1/28/94 1/28/94 142 Study and Report Preparation 4w 11/1/94 11/28/94 143 Training and Training Manual 6w 11/29/94 1/9/95 144 Collecions Renovation 1044d 7/3I95 7/1/99 145 Contract Temporary Technical Staff 1044d 7/3/95 7/1/99 146 Recruit Intems 1043d 7/3/95 6/30/99 147 Renovate Botany Collections 1044d 7/3/95 7/1/99 148 Stabilize and Pack Zoology Collections 39w 7/3/95 3/29/96 149 Move Zoology Collecions to Cibinong 13w 4/1/96 6/28/96 150 Renovate Zoology Collecions 156w 7/1/96 6/25/99 151 Database Development 1285d 10/24/94 9/24/99 w__ Project: Biodiversity Colbdions | Critical g//////////////// Progress - Summary 4 Date: 4/15/94 |Noncritical ~ Milestone *Rolled Up Page 4 I 19941 1996 1996 1997 1998 1999 20 ID Start Duration Start Finish = TYJ=I T Y ElY EI LZ ZZ EI 85 User Consultation 1507d 1/20/94 10/31/99 86 Workshop on Preparation Report Od 1/20/94 1/20/94 87 Written Summary of Workshop Od 1/28/94 1/28/94 88 User Advisory Committee 1434d 5/3/94 10/31/99 89 Appoint Members and Alternates Od 5/3/94 5/3/94 90 Semi-Annual Meetings 1284d 11/29/94 10/31/99 102 Publications and Products 1172d 4/3/95 9/28/99 103 Field Guide for Selected Park 52w 10/1/97 9/29/98 104 Identification Manual for Selected Taxa 104w 10/1/97 9/28/99 105 Gazeteer of Indonesian Place Names 52w 10/2/95 9/27/96 106 Bot. and Zoo. Computerized Bibliographies 156w 10/2/95 9/25/98 107 Illustrated Technical Glossary 156w 10/2/95 9/25/98 108 Taxa Identification Service 104w 10/1/97 9/28/99 109 Research Grants Program 208w 4/3/95 3/26/99 MZ 110 Graduate Degree Scholarship Program 1216d 10/3/94 5/31/99 111 Recruitment and Selection of Candidates 782d 10/3/94 9/30/97 112 Selection of Graduate Programs 782d 10/3/94 9/30/97 113 Job Probation and Language Training 695d 1/2/95 8/31/97 114 Operation of Fellowships 1043d 6/1/95 5/31/99 115 Building Improvements 526d 3/24/94 4/1/96 116 Herbarium 180d 9/15/94 5/24/95 117 Design 4w 9/15/94 10/12/94 118 Contracting 12w 10/13/94 1/4/95 119 Implementation 20w 1/5/95 5/24/95 120 Zoological Museum (GOJ-funded) 526d 3/24/94 4/1/96 121 Committment to Rehouse Zoological Co Od 3/24/94 3/24/94 122 Design 20w 5/3/94 9/19/94 123 Construction 325d 1/2/95 3/31/96 Project: Biodiversity Collections |Critical g////////t Progress Summary_ Date: 4/15/94 Noncritical Milestone *Rolled Up Page 3 | 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20 ID Start Duration Start Finish _ _ T I T 1 r 7 1 1 152 User Needs Analysis 4w 10/24/94 11/18/94 153 System Design/Hardware Specification 12w 11/21/94 2/10/95 154 Hardware LCB Procurement 145d 2/13/95 9V1/95 _ _ 155 Draft Procurment Documents 1w 2/13/95 2/17/95 156 Bank Review 2w 2/20/95 3/3/95 157 Advertisement 2w 3/6/95 3/17/95 158 Bid Evaluation 3w 5/1/95 5/19/95 159 Bank Review and Bid Award 3w 5/22/95 6/9/95 160 Delivery 12w 6/12/95 9/1/95 161 Software Development 46w 2/13/95 12/29/95 162 Systems installation and testing 26w 1/1/96 6/28/96 163 Systems Support 169w 7/1/96 9/24/99 164 Work Plan Design 30d 10/3/94 11/11/94 V 165 Policy Framework Formulation 1w 10/3/94 10/7/94 166 Taxa Prioriities Workshop 1w 10/10/94 10/14/94 167 Field Design Workshop 1w 10/17/94 10/21/94 168 Establ. Semi-Ann. Goals for Curation Stand. 1w 10/24/94 10/28/94 169 Establishment of Other Semi-Annual Goals 1w 10/31/94 11/4/94 170 Semi-Annual Progress Rep. Format Design 1w 11/7/94 11/11/94 171 Monitoring and Evaluation 1176d 4/28/95 10/31/99 172 Semi-Annual Progress Reports 1176d 4/28/95 10/31/99 183 Ann. Review of Budget and Staffing Plans 783d 10/31/95 10/31/98 y 188 Mid-Project Review 20d 10/1/97 10/28/97 w 189 Preparation 4w 10/1/97 10/28/97 190 Report Od 10/28/97 10/28/97 191 Completion Report 20d 10/1/99 10/28/99 w 192 Preparion 4w 10/1/99 10/28/99 193 Repowt Od 10/28/99 10/28/99 Project: Biodiversi,ty Collections Critical W/5///Z//Progress Summary_ Date: 4V15/94 Nonaficsal Milibstore Rolled Up Page 5 - 13 - Appendix 2 Technical Assistance and Specialized Training Contract base cost ($'000) Activity person/weeks net of taxes a/ Technical Assistance and Specialized Training Contract Technical Advisory Team (including Team Leader): Team Leader 80 372 Botany Institutions Advisor 52 317 Zoology Institutions Advisor 52 317 subtotal 184 1006 Other Experts and Mentors Providing On-the-Job Training: Collections Database Expert 14 103 Database Fields Expert 1 12 Taxa Benchmark Experts 6 64 Botany Scientific Mentors 48 142 Zoology Scientific Mentors 48 142 subtotal 117 463 Work-study Programs: Botany NA 84 Zoology NA 191 Information Systems NA 77 subtotal 352 Consultants: International Env. Health and Safety Advisor 5 45 Local Env. Health and Safety Advisor 10 30 Archival and Restoration Advisor 2 27 subtotal 17 102 Financing Strategy Study: International Specialist 8 37 Local Specialist 8 20 subtotal 57 a/ Including travel, expenses, and overhead; excluding local workshops and physical and price contingencies. Appendix 3 - 14 - Contractual Employees and Key Products base cost ($'000) Contracts/Activity including taxes a/ Contractual Employees - long-term person/years Project Management Specialist 5 65 Financial Management Specialist 3 39 Software Applications Specialist 5 43 Human Resource Development Specialist 5 65 Contracted Office Support Staff 15 32 Curatorial Assistants 120 152 subtotal 334 Contractual Emplovees - short-term person/weeks Structural and Cooling Engineers - 4 Collections Data Access Specialist 8 7 subtotal I 1 Research Grants NA 416 Other Key Products and Publications Field Guides NA 77 Identification Manuals NA 45 Gazetteer NA 10 Glossaries NA 61 Bibliographies NA 243 Database Software Development NA 209 subtotal 645 a/ Excluding physical and price contingencies. - 15 - Appendix 4 Training Programs Number of Typical Programs PPPB Staff Duration Graduate Degree Programs a/ Overseas M.Sc. or Ph.D. Programs 15 2 yr. Local M.Sc. Programs 3 2 yr. Local Ph.D. Programs with Overseas Co-supervisors b/ 6 2 yr. Overseas Work-study or Local Manaeement Training Programs Botany Coordinator 1 3 mo. Botany Collections Managers 2 6 mo. Zoology Coordinator 1 3 mo. Zoology Collections Managers 7 3-6 mo. Information Systems Coordinator/Manager c/ 2 3-6 mo. On-the-iob Training by Advisors and Specialists By 3 TAG Advisors 115 d/ 1 yr. e/ By 11 Short-term Advisors and Experts 115 1 wk.-6 mo. By 6-10 Scientific Mentors 97 f/ 1-3 mo. By 3 Locally Contracted Specialists 75 g/ 3-5 yr. By 18 Recipients of Graduate Degrees 97 ongoing By 12 Staff in Work-study and Management Training Programs 115 ongoing Other Local Training Internships 8-16 6-12 mo. Language Training 12 6 mo.-2 yr. Inventory and Monitoring Fieldwork Training 12 4 mo. a/ Botany scholarships would focus on priority plants such as grasses, palms, timber trees, and fruit trees. Zoology scholarships would focus on priority animals such as fish, fish parasites and their alternate hosts, biting flies, insect pests, and potential agents for biological control. _/ Extensions of overseas M.Sc. programs. c/ Training for both the original information systems coordinator, who would be seconded from another agency, and for the new permanent information systems coordinator in the later years of the project. d/ All project staff. e/ In intervals of 5-10 weeks spread over a 5 year period. f/ All project staff working on the botany, zoology, and scientific collaboration components. g/ All project staff except contract curatorial assistants. Appendix 5 - 16 - Staffng Plan Number of Job Title Positions Status a/ General Project Management and Coordination Component Project Manager 1 R,T Financial Manager 1 R,T Office Support 2 R,T Project Management Specialist 1 C,T Financial Management Specialist 1 C,T Contracted Office Support 3 C,T subtotal 9 (5C) Botany Collections and Research Component Botany Coordinator 1 R,T Botany Collections Managers 2 R,P Botany Curatorial Assistants 10 R,P Botany Contract Curatorial Assistants 20 C,T Botany Scientists (scholarship recipients) 9 R&N,P Interns (local & provincial university faculty) b/ 1 C,T Office Support 1 R,T subtotal 44 (21C) Zoologv Collections and Research Component Zoology Coordinator 1 R,T Zoology Collections Managers 7 R,P Zoology Curatorial Assistants 10 R,P Zoology Contract Curatorial Assistants 20 C,T Zoology Scientists (scholarship recipients) 9 R&N,P Interns (local & provincial university faculty) c/ 1 C,T Office Support 1 R,T subtotal 49 (21C) a/ R=redeployed from within PPPB, S = seconded from another agency, N =newly recruited, E=existing line position, C=contracted, P=permanent position, T=temporary position for duration of project only. b/ One position, filled by 4-8 individuals for 6-12 month periods. c/ One position, filled by 4-8 individuals for 6-12 month periods. - 17 - Appendix 5 Staffing Plan (continued) Number of Job Title Positions Status a/ Information Systems Component Information Systems Coordinator/Manager 1 S&N,P Database Managers b/ 2 R,P Computer Technician I R,P Software Applications Specialist 1 C,T Office Support 1 R,P subtotal 6 (1C) Scientific Collaboration and Services Component Scientific Collaboration & Services Coordinator 1 E,P Head of Scientific Collaboration Unit 1 E,P Head of Scientific Services Unit 1 E,P Head of Human Resources Development Unit 1 E,P Human Resource Development Specialist 1 C,T Office Support 2 E,P subtotal 7 (IC) Total 115.0 Redeployed, Temporary 8.0 Redeployed, Permanent c/ 40.0 New, Permanent d/ 12.2 Seconded 0.8 Existing, Permanent 5.0 Contracted, Temporary 49.0 a/ R=redeployed from within PPPB, S=seconded from another agency, N=newly recruited, E=existing line position, C=contracted, P=permanent position, T=temporary position for duration of project only. b/ Responsible for training and supervising curatorial assistants (listed under botany and zoology components) in the high quality database entry and maintenance. c/ Assumes 6 of the botany and zoology scholarship recipients would be redeployed PPPB staff. d/ Assumes 12 of the botany and zoology scholarship recipients would be newly recruited PPPB staff, and that a information systems manager would be newly recruited in the fifth year of the project, replacing the seconded infornation systems coordinator/manager. INDONESIA BIODIVERSITY COLLECTIONS PROJECT Preparation Report Development of Scientific Resources for Biodiversity Inventory and Monitoring UPDATED VERSION June 22, 1994 ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND INDONESIAN TERMINOLOGY BAPPENAS Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (National Development Planning Agency) CONABIO (Mexican National Commission of Biodiversity) DGHE Directorate General of Higher Education GEF Global Environment Facility GET Global Environment Trust Fund GIS Geographic Information System GOI Government of Indonesia GOJ Government of Japan INBio Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Costa Rica IPTEK Division of Inter-institutional Cooperation in Science and Technology (LIPI) LH Lingkungan Hidup (Ministry of State for Environment) LIPI Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahun Indonesia (Indonesian Institute of Sciences) NGO Non-Governmental Organization ODA Overseas Development Agency (U.K.) PDII Pusat Dokumentasi dan Informasi Ilmiah (Scientific Documentation and Information Center, LIPI) PHPA Perlindungan Hutan dan Pelestrian Alam (Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation, Ministry of Forestry) PPPB Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biologi (Research and Development Center for Biology, LIPI) PPPO Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Oseanologi (Research and Development Center for Oceanology, LIPI) PROSEA Plant Resources of Southeast Asia PSL Environmental Study Center TAG Technical Advisory Group UAG User Advisory Group USAID United States Agency for International Development WAHLI Indonesian Wildlife Forum CONTENTS Page No. PROJECT BACKGROUND ..................................... 1 A. Importance of Biodiversity in Indonesia ........... ..1............... B. Contribution of Systematic Collections ............................ . 2 - The Importance of Inventory and Monitoring in Biodiversity Conservation ... 2 * Sustainable Economic Development .......................... . 2 * Applied Research ..................... 2 * In situ Conservation.. 2 * Ex situ Conservation.. 2 * Biodiversity Monitoring ................... 3 * Spatial Planning ...................... 3 * Natural Resource Valuation .............................. . 3 - The Importance of Systematic Biology in Biodiversity Inventory and Monitoring 3 - Future Development of Indonesian Systematic Resources ........... . 3 * Human Resource Development ............................. . 3 * Upgrading Collections and Research Facilities .... ........ . 3 * Collections Development .................... 4 * Systematic Research ..................... 4 * Information Systems and Management ........................ . 4 * International Scientific Cooperation .......................... . 4 - Experience in Other Countries ............................... . 4 II. CURRENT STATUS OF SYSTEMATIC COLLECTIONS IN INDONESIA ... ... 5 A. Urgency ................................. 5 B. Overview of Present Resources ..... ............... 5 - The Indonesian Institute of Science ............................. . 5 - The Research and Development Center for Biology .... ........ . 6 C. Current Constraints ....................... 6 - Human Resources ...................... 6 - Collections Maintenance .................... 7 - Collections Development ...... .............. 7 - Collections Facilities ............................... . 7 - Research Facilities ...................... 8 - Information Systems and Management ........................... . 8 - Management Structure ..................... 8 - Institutional Linkages ...... ............... 8 This report was prepared by the Research and Development Center for Biology (PPPB) with the assistance of a consultant team led by The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. PPPB and the consultant team updated the report in December 1993 to reflect the project design as revised during appraisal. This June 1994 update reflects a number of minor corrections which did not affect basic project content, and minor changes in project content made during negotiations. - 11 - III. THE LONG-TERM STRATEGY .................................. 9 A. Mission ................................................ 9 B. Priority Needs ............................................ 9 - Integrated National Biodiversity Information System ................... 9 - Life Sciences Center/Complex ................................. 9 - Regional Institutional Development and Information Networks ............. 10 - Human Resource Development ................................ 10 - Inventory .............................................. 10 - Monitoring ............................................. 11 - Information Systems and Management ............................ 11 - Systematic Research ....................................... 11 - Output, Products and Services ................................. 12 IV. THE PROJECT ............................................. 12 A. Project Objectives .......................................... 12 B. Brief Project Description ...................................... 13 - General Project Management and Coordination ...................... 13 - Systematic Collections and Research in Botany and Zoology .............. 13 - Information Systems ....................................... 14 - Scientific Collaboration and Services ............................. 14 C. Detailed Features .......................................... 14 - General Project Management and Coordination Component ............... 14 - Botany Collections and Research Component ........................ 16 - Zoology Collections and Research Component .....19 ................. 19 - Information Systems Management Component ....................... 21 - Scientific Collaboration and Services Component ..................... 24 D. Project Organization and Management ............................. 25 E. Project Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Supervision ................. 26 - Project Planning ......................................... 26 - Monitoring, Semi-annual Progress Reports, and Annual Review of Work Program and Budget .................................. 28 - Mid-Project Review, Completion Report and Long-term Evaluation .... ...... 29 - Supervision . ............................................ 29 V. PROJECT COSTS AND FINANCING ...... ...... .. ................ 29 A. Costs ................................................... 29 B. Financing . .............................................. 29 VI. PROJECT IMPACT ................................... 30 A. Benefits and Justification ................................... 31 - Institutional Benefits .................................... 31 - Benefits of Biodiversity Information . ............................ 32 B. Environmental Impact .................................... 32 C. Equal Opportunity .................................... 33 D. Sustainability ................................... 33 E. Risks ................................... 33 - iii - REFERENCES CITED IN THE TEXT .............................. 35 TABLES Table 5.1 Project Cost Summary .30 FIGURES Figure 1 Biodiversity Information System Model .37 Figure 2 Proposed Management Structure .38 Figure 3 Principal Government of Indonesia Agencies .39 Figure 4 Organizational Structure of PPPB .40 ANNEXES Annex 1 Overview of Institutions with Conservation and Environmental Responsibilities . . 41 Annex 2 Detailed Review of Present Resources at the Research and Development Center for Biology .45 Annex 3 Job Descriptions and Terms of Reference for Government Staff and Committees . 61 Part A: Job Descriptions .63 Part B: Terms of Reference - User Advisory Group .77 Part C: Research Grants Program .79 Part D: Criteria and Procedures for Graduate-level Scholarships .85 Annex 4 Terms of Reference for Contracted Specialists, Advisors and Specialized Training 87 Part A: Contracts with Individuals ............................. 89 Part B: Technical Assistance Contract and Specialized Training Contract .95 Annex 5 Publications and Support Products ............................. 105 Annex 6 Design of Work Plan Goals .113 Annex 7 Notes on the Preparation Process of the Project .119 Annex 8 Future Developments and Funding Opportunities .125 Annex 9 Summary Project Cost Tables .131 PROJECT FILES (Available on request) File I Detailed Project Cost Tables in US$ File 2 Summary and Detailed Project Cost Tables in Rupiah File 3 Cost Table Outline I. PROJECT BACKGROUND A. Importance of Biodiversity in Indonesia 1.1 Indonesia is exceptionally rich in biodiversity. It contains about 110 million hectares, or nearly ten percent of the world's closed tropical forests--more than any country in the world except Brazil. It also has the most extensive area of coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific Ocean--more marine coastline than any other tropical country (McNeely et al, 1990). Although the archipelago represents only 1.3 percent of the earth's land area, it contains an estimated 25 percent of the world's fish species, 17 percent of all bird species, 16 percent of reptile and amphibian species, 12 percent of mammal species, 10 percent of plant species, and unknown numbers of species of invertebrate animals, fungi and microorganisms (BAPPENAS, 1991). Of these, perhaps 30 percent of the flora and 90 percent of the fauna are not yet fully described and scientifically documented. 1.2 Many sectors of the Indonesian economy are dependent, directly or indirectly, on the diversity of natural ecosystems and the environmental functions they protect. (a) It is estimated that 40 million Indonesians are directly dependent upon biodiversity' for subsistence, utilizing more than 6,000 species of plants and animals daily (BAPPENAS, 1991). (b) Approximately 23 percent of the Indonesian gross national product in 1990 was derived from agriculture, livestock, forestry and fisheries (Biro Pusat Statistik, 1991). Of this, agriculture and livestock contributed approximately US $18.7 billion, fisheries US $1.8 billion and forestry US $1.0 billion directly to the national income. It is also estimated that the subsistence of up to 12 million people is to some extent derived from hunting and extracting non-timber natural forest products, valued at more than US $1.25 billion per year, and many more are dependent on coastal resources (KLH, 1992; BAPPENAS, 199 1). (c) The export of forest products provided Indonesia with about US $1.7 billion in foreign exchange in 1987, second only in importance to oil (World Bank, 1993). Moreover, much of the US $1.8 billion contributed to the national economy in 1990 by the tourism sector may be attributed to visitors' appreciation of the species richness and environmental integrity of the country (BAPPENAS, 1991; KLH, 1992). (d) Though difficult to quantify, the value to the Indonesian economy of natural ecosystems in protecting water catchment areas, minimizing soil erosion, and stabilizing climatic change, may be implied from the environmental cost of present deforestation, which is counted in tens of billions of dollars per year (KLH, 1992). 1.3 Indonesia's strategy for long-term economic development is founded on the principle of conserving natural resources, including the sustainable management of commercial forests and fisheries, the maintenance of ecosystem functions such as hydrological and nutrient cycling, and the In this context biodiversity is "the variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they live.. .Thus, the term encompasses different ecosystems, species, genes and their relative abundance" (US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, 1987). protection of rare and endangered species and their habitats (Repelita V; GOI, 1990; BAPPENAS, 1991; KLH, 1992). Further, under the terms of the Biodiversity Convention (UNEP, 1992), Indonesia has an international and legal commitment to both inventory and monitor its biodiversity. B. Contribution of Systematic Collections The Importance of Inventory and Monitoring in Biodiversity Conservation 1.4 Accurate biodiversity information is essential for sound environmental decision-making, policy and planning. It is required in the development of national biodiversity conservation strategies and action plans; priority setting for the conservation of species and/or habitats; and the preparation of enviromnental impact assessments in the context of planning large-scale development projects. Therefore, there is a growing international consensus that strengthening national capacities to carry out biological inventory and monitoring should be an integral component of the global biodiversity conservation strategy (United Nations, 1992; UNEP, 1992). Inventory may be regarded as biological stocktaking, while monitoring measures changes in stock over time. Both supply a basic knowledge of species diversity, distribution, and abundance that are in turn necessary to support: (a) Sustainable Economic Development Access to biodiversity information creates informed options for natural resource managers. Since the maintenance of healthy ecosystem function in any given habitat depends on complex interactions between unique combinations of species and their environment, to ensure the long-term stability and productivity of natural ecosystems estimates of sustainable yield for economically valuable species harvested from the wild must be based on a thorough knowledge of the ecology of the system, and this in turn requires a basic knowledge of the species present. (b) Applied Research Because the scientific name of an organism provides the key to access any associated knowledge in the scientific literature, workers in forestry, agriculture, fisheries, veterinary science, medicine, and the social sciences need a reliable means to identify the economic species, pests, predators, parasites and disease vectors with which they are concerned. Current interest in 'Biodiversity Prospecting', particularly the search for new pharmaceutical products and pesticides, and the selection of economically useful genetic traits from populations of wild progenitors, assumes a detailed knowledge of the identity, distribution, and variation of wild species. (c) In situ Conservation Effective conservation measures require an ability to identify species of plants and animals with very restricted geographical and ecological ranges that are potentially 'at risk' of serious genetic erosion and possible extinction, and to prepare long-term in situ management plans to ensure the survival of critical populations. (d) Ex situ Conservation When in situ conservation measures are insufficient to ensure the viability of wild populations, occasionally it will be necessary to maintain genetic resources in germplasm - 3 - gardens, seed banks, genome banks, or captive breeding programs. To conserve genetically representative samples of the target species, it is essential to have a knowledge of the variation present both within and among all the remaining populations. (e) Biodiversity Monitoring The ability to detect short-term changes in ecosystem diversity and function over time provides an early warning system of potentially detrimental and irreversible effects of human activity on the maintenance of biodiversity. Carrying out an inventory to obtain quantitative baseline data on the distribution and abundance of keystone species is an essential prerequisite of all monitoring programs. (f) Spatial Planning Spatial planning to minimize environmental impact due to civil works requires a knowledge of the spatial distribution of species and their habitats, and the ability to rank their relative value in terms of biodiversity conservation. (g) Natural Resource Valuation To estimate the economic value of specific natural resources, it is necessary to quantify the distribution and density of the target commodity species present. These may include commercial species such as meranti and rotan, as well as species important to the local subsistence economy such as medicinal herbs and wild animals hunted for their meat. Numbers measure only a part of the natural resource values; to estimate the value of healthy ecosystems requires a knowledge of the complex interactions between species and their environment as explained in (a) above. The Importance of Systematic Biology in Biodiversity Inventory and Monitoring 1.5 Systematic biology provides the basic tools to inventory and catalogue the natural world, the means to access existing biological information, and a way to organize and disseminate new information critical to the conservation of Indonesian biodiversity. Future Development of Indonesian Systematic Resources 1.6 Progress in inventorying Indonesia's wealth of biodiversity will depend on developing adequate national resources for systematic biology, which in turn can be separated into six critical elements: (a) Human Resource Development To achieve technical and scientific self-sufficiency in the provision of biodiversity information for managing its own natural resources, Indonesia will need a critical mass of trained collectors, data managers, curators and researchers. (b) Upgrading Collections and Research Facilities To ensure efficient, high-quality scientific output, Indonesia will require improved facilities for the storage and scientific curation of the collections and for taxonomic research. -4 - (c) Collections Development Most information on biodiversity, especially in tropical countries, is originally derived from--or at least closely dependent upon--the scientific study of preserved specimens. Specimens also provide verifiable biological reference points that, together with the scientific literature, form the basis of a stable and universal system for naming all plants, animals and microorganisms. Biodiversity information is also essential for identifying gaps in the collections. Collections development is therefore an essential part of biodiversity information management. (d) Systematic Research The identification and description of the Indonesian biota using information derived from the collections, and the organization of this information into scientific classifications, is a core task. Without adequate systematic research, and the production of basic biological reference tools such as checklists and identification keys, the biodiversity information contained in the collections will remain largely inaccessible. (e) Information Systems and Management Increased knowledge about biodiversity will lead toward the goal of conservation and sustainable development only when the information is readily available to decision- makers, conservation managers and applied biologists. An effective means will be required to capture information contained in biological collections and the basic scientific literature; to synthesize this into a format that can be integrated with information relating to topography, land use, climate and soils; and to feed it back through a system accessible to agencies concerned with biodiversity issues within government and the public domain. (f) International Scientific Cooperation The rate of growth of Indonesian resources for systematic biology, in the initial stages, will depend on the amount of support received from specialists in other countries. In the longer term, international expertise will continue to complement Indonesian expertise in fields where specialist knowledge resides in only one or two individuals throughout the world. Indonesian biologists may, in turn, support biodiversity efforts in other countries. It is therefore essential that Indonesia develop and maintain active links to the informal international network of systematic resources, and to the growing worldwide electronic knowledge base of taxonomic and bibliographic information. Experience in Other Countries 1.7 Worldwide, there are few examples where the collection, organization, and dissemination of biodiversity information is: (a) driven by user need; (b) integrated and coordinated at a national level; (c) based on primary, site-based or specimen-based data; and - 5 - (d) adequate in scope and scale to the task of conservation and sustainable development in a large developing country which encompasses great biodiversity. 1.8 The model that is presently receiving most international attention and recognition (Yoon, 1993) is the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN), set up in 1989 by the Commonwealth Government of Australia. Using readily available hardware and software platforms, ERIN's mission is to provide geographically-related environmental information of an extent, quality, and availability required for planning and decision-making. Specimen-based information derived directly from collections at national and state herbaria and museums is being integrated, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), with map data, satellite imagery, and topographic, geological, meteorological and land-use data. ERIN serves users ranging from government ministers, the Australian Environmental Protection Authority, the National Parks and Wildlife Service, and state government agencies, to the Australian National Botanic Gardens, universities, and government research agencies. 1.9 Possible examples from developing countries include the National Biodiversity Institute (INBio) of Costa Rica, and the Mexican National Commission of Biodiversity (CONABIO) which are currently developing and implementing biodiversity information management systems similar to that of the Australian model. However, in common with Indonesia, Costa Rica and Mexico face the additional challenge of developing collections, human resources, and technical facilities adequate to the task of conserving relatively poorly-known tropical biotas. II. CURRENT STATUS OF SYSTEMATIC COLLECTIONS IN INDONESIA A. Urgency 2.1 The systematic collections of the national herbarium and the national zoological museum provide the core scientific information and basic reference material for biodiversity inventory and monitoring in Indonesia. However, after several decades of financial constraint when investment in systematic biology received low priority in Indonesia, the institutional capacity of the Center for Research and Development in Biology (PPPB) to respond to an expected growth in demand for biodiversity information presently is severely limited. And, unless urgent measures are taken to restore large numbers of scientific specimens that are deteriorating under ambient tropical conditions, the extensive historical collections of the Herbarium Bogoriense and Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense will shortly sustain irreparable damage, and large amounts of valuable biodiversity information will be lost (see Annex 2). B. Overview of Present Resources The Indonesian Institute of Sciences 2.2 Although at least eight agencies within the Government of Indonesia play a role in managing the environment (see Annex l)--and hence have a need for biodiversity information--the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) has principal responsibility for carrying out basic biological research. This it discharges through four Centers for Research and Development in Biology, Oceanology, Limnology, and Biotechnology (Puslitbang Biologi, Oseanologi, Limnologi and Bioteknologi), respectively, and through the Botanic Gardens of Indonesia (most notably the Kebun Raya, Bogor). - 6 - 2.3 Within this framework, the focus for systematic biology is concentrated in two institutions, the Centers for Research and Development in Biology and Oceanology. Both maintain collections, undertake taxonomic research and provide an advisory service to government agencies, applied researchers and the public, in addition to undertaking a wide range of other activities. 2.4 At the Research and Development Center for Biology, the emphasis is mainly on terrestrial and freshwater organisms; at the Research and Development Center for Oceanology concentrates, through the Marine Biology Division, the emphasis is on the fauna of coastal waters and the open sea--primarily crustaceans and fish. These distinctions are not absolute as many taxonomic groups cross environmental boundaries and, for largely historic reasons, there is a significant collection of marine organisms in the Center for Research and Development in Biology. The Research and Development Center for Biology 2.5 The Research and Development Center for Biology (PPPB) consists, in turn, of three research divisions and two administrative divisions (see Figure 4). The Division of Botany is responsible for research activities concerning plants and fungi at the Herbarium Bogoriense and the Treub Laboratory, including the maintenance and scientific curation of the botanical collections. The Division of Zoology is responsible for research activities at the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense concerning multicellular animals, including the maintenance and scientific curation of the zoological collections. The Division of Microbiology has primary responsibilities for research on microorganisms, involving at present only a limited collection bacterial and fungal cultures. (See Annex 2). 2.6 Within the Division of Botany there are six research programs--biosystematics, ecology, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, morphogenetics, and physiology--each with a research coordinator. The botanical collections contain between one and two million specimens of Indonesian plants, representing a national collection two to three times larger than that of any comparable institution in Southeast Asia. Responsibility for the management of the collections at the Herbarium Bogoriense is presently shared by the chief technician and the staff of the taxonomy section. 2.7 Within the Division of Zoology, the collection of nearly 500,000 specimens at the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense is organized under laboratories representing the main taxonomic groups--entomology, aracology, malacology, carcinology, mammalogy, ornithology, herpetology and ichthyology. Research is organized under three programs--biosystematics, ecology, and physiology. Each laboratory has a curator who is responsible for the maintenance of the collections, and each research program has a coordinator who oversees the research activities. 2.8 The Division of Microbiology presently consists of four sections: agricultural, environmental, industrial and basic microbiology. Of these, the basic microbiology section has responsibility for the maintenance and development of collections. Existing collections of bacteria and fungi number about a thousand, of which perhaps ten percent have been identified to species. They are maintained in culture tubes, rather than lyophilized. C. Current Constraints Human Resources 2.9 Given the huge scale of the task of inventorying and monitoring biodiversity in a country as large and diverse as Indonesia, the greatest current constraint is an acute shortage of experienced - 7 - Indonesian collectors, collection managers, systematic researchers, and biodiversity information managers. Collections Maintenance 2.10 The national herbarium and zoological museum house large historical collections, some dating from the nineteenth century, representing many unique and irreplaceable scientific reference specimens, or "type specimens". In economic terms, it has been estimated that it would be four to twenty times more cost-efficient to capture biodiversity information from the existing collections than to collect new data from the field. However, a significant proportion of the collections have been preserved using non-archival quality materials and stored for years under sub-optimal conditions. These are deteriorating rapidly to the point where many are in imminent danger of sustaining irreparable damage or total loss; indeed some specimens may already be beyond repair. Collections Development 2.11 The sampling density of Indonesian biodiversity (that is the average number of scientific specimens collected per unit area) is amongst the lowest for any region in the world (Campbell & Hammond, 1989); the geographic and taxonomic coverage tends to be patchy and the quality and quantity of the information inadequate for current purposes. The resulting gaps can be detected when the database is in place. Thereafter, new collections, which are also necessary, can be made. 2.12 As with most of the world's highly diverse tropical ecosystems, most organisms indigenous to Indonesia are not represented in scientific collections, and consequently they have yet to be catalogued, described and named. At many Indonesian localities that on empirical evidence might be expected to contain novel endemic species--including the majority of the national parks--even the relatively well-known groups such as flowering plants, birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians have yet to be systematically inventoried and new species described. Collections Facilities 2.13 Although the botanical collections are housed in a relatively modern building, the majority of the dried specimens are contained in old, rusting metal boxes--many of which lack fitting lids. There are no facilities for climate control and all the specimens are subject to ambient tropical temperature and humidity. Insect pests can gain free access to the collections through unscreened, open windows, and as a consequence many newly collected specimens have been destroyed by beetle larvae before even being mounted and inserted in the herbarium. 2.14 The zoological collections are housed in a series of inadequate buildings about a quarter of a mile apart. Recently, part of the collections sustained permanent damage when the basement of the building in which it was stored became flooded with water. A large part of the wet (alcohol preserved) collections is stored in makeshift containers without airtight lids, and there are presently insufficient drawers and storage trays to curate the insect collection scientifically. 2.15 While an attempt is being made to maintain--under sub-optimal conditions--a minimal collection of fungal and bacterial cultures at the Microbiology Division of PPPB, the modern systematic research facilities that would permit Indonesia to develop a national microbial reference collection are presently lacking here. -8 - Research Facilities 2.16 Facilities for systematic research at PPPB are presently less than adequate. The laboratory space used by the scientific staff is mostly cramped, unventilated, poorly lit, and lacking in basic equipment. The availability of recent scientific literature and essential basic reference materials for systematic research in Bogor (and in many cases nationally) is severely limited. Information Systems and Management 2.17 Existing information on the fauna and flora of Indonesia is widely scattered in the form of biological collections, unpublished reports and obscure scientific literature. Furthermore, there is no electronic database for specimen label data from the botanical and zoological collections. If transferred to an electronic format, this specimen label data could be more readily accessed, verified, updated, combined with other information, and disseminated. 2.18 Indonesian institutions responsible for the collection and management of environmental data are presently operating in a computing environment consisting mainly of scattered, stand-alone PCs or isolated local area networks. There has been no attempt to introduce data transfer standards nor do most institutions have access to wide-area network server systems, such as the INTERNET or TELNET, that would facilitate the development of a distributed network approach to environmental information management, favored by most system developers and endorsed by LIPI planners. Management Structure 2.19 In the past, the responsibilities of technical staff have been vaguely defined and uncoordinated, especially with respect to carrying out basic curatorial functions, resulting in some large backlogs of unaccessioned specimens. Similarly, the efforts of the research staff have been largely undirected, resulting in an arbitrary and unstructured research program determined more by the interests and initiative of individual staff members than by the need for specific information about high-priority groups of organisms. Institutional Linkages 2.20 The identification of many groups of plants, animals and microorganisms requires specialized expertise, reference collections, literature and equipment that is generally not available at Indonesian universities and government institutions carrying out applied research. However, the institutional linkages between the applied sector and the national herbarium, zoology museum and microbiology facilities in Bogor historically have been very limited. This has resulted in a situation where Indonesian researchers working, for example, in the field of agricultural entomology have in the past been more likely to send an unknown insect to the Natural History Museum in London for identification than to request assistance from their own national zoological museum. As a consequence, it is unlikely that the information relating to such specimens will ever become available to other users in Indonesia, and the cost and effort of seeking expert technical assistance is largely dissipated. - 9 - III. THE LONG-TERM STRATEGY A. Mission 3.1 The mission of PPPB as it relates to biodiversity is to maintain and develop the national systematic research collections and associated specimen-based information, to carry out collections- based research, and to make this information base available to a wide range of users. This mission is exclusive to PPPB, and is not a function of any other Indonesian organization. 3.2 Collections-based research subjects integral to this mission include systematic biology, ethnobiology and study of other biota with economic potential, conservation biology, and ecology. 3.3 In addition to its own institutional research mission, PPPB has a national coordinating role relating to all biodiversity-related scientific research carried out in collaboration with foreign institutions or researchers. 3.4 PPPB's collections-based activities also include public exhibits and conservation promotion. B. Priority Needs Integrated National Biodiversity Information System 3.5 In 1991, LIPI together with the National Planning Board and the (then) Ministry of Population and Environment recognized the need for an integrated national biodiversity information system. The functionality of the system envisaged would in turn depend on maintaining a synergistic effect between its core components (see Figure 1): (a) Inventory and monitoring; (b) Collections management; (c) Systematic research; (d) Information systems and management: (e) Integration of information from the various collections; and (f) Output and products. Life Sciences Center/Complex 3.6 LIPI is in the process of developing plans for a Life Science Center/Complex in Cibinong. It is anticipated that the Center/Complex will eventually house the present Research and Development Centers for Biology (including both the national botanical and zoological collections), Limnology, Oceanology and Biotechnology, together with the central facility of the National Biodiversity Information Network (NBIN). In this regard, the Research and Development Center for Biotechnology has already been transferred to new facilities in Cibinong, and it is plarmed to move the Center for Research and Development for Limnology within the next twelve months. Plans to move the zoological collections of the Research and Development Centers for Biology and - 10 - Oceanology in 1996, and to build a facility for the proposed NBIN, are presently under preparation by GOT with assistance from the Government of Japan (GOJ). Regional Institutional Development and Information Networks 3.7 It is recognized that the proposed GEF project is only the first stage in a continuing process of strengthening Indonesian institutional resources for biodiversity inventory and monitoring. Initially, (i.e., within the next five years), the focus would be on developing the core resources for systematic botany and zoology at LIPI. A detailed review of present resources for systematic microbiology in Indonesia would be carried out, and a strategic plan produced for the development the Microbiology Division of PPPB. Future developments would include an increase in collecting activities to fill geographic and taxonomic gaps in collecting. 3.8 Future development (i.e., within the next five to ten years) should lead to the establishment of new regional centers for inventory and research, and to the growth of existing reference collections and expertise at provincial universities. The regional centers will provide services to local government, schools and industry, while at the same time maintaining close links with the national center (PPPB) through the development of a wide-area electronic information network. Human Resource Development 3.9 To ensure rapid progress in the inventory and documentation of the biota of Indonesia within a timeframe acceptable to biodiversity information users, it will be necessary to simultaneously maintain or increase, nationally, regionally and worldwide, the number of trained systematic researchers working on the fauna and flora of the Malesian region. 3.10 The recruitment and training of new systematic research staff has been identified as one of the highest priorities of PPPB. Recent estimates by the management of PPPB indicate that over the next 5-10 years the number of trained systematic biologists working in Indonesia needs to be increased as follows: Present No. Number Required PPPB Nationally Systematic botanists 3 10 50 Systematic zoologists 5 45 150 Systematic microbiologists 0 10 120 Of equal importance to long-term human resource development will be the recruitment and training of corresponding numbers of field collectors, curatorial staff with skills to sort and identify collections, and data managers and data entry staff. Inventory 3.11 Priorities for the collection of new biodiversity information will need to be decided on the basis of three main criteria: (a) the need for site-based inventory, for: * assessing conservation status, - 11 - * environmental impact assessment, * establishing, supporting and assessing conservation management practices, and * monitoring change; (b) the need for taxon-based inventory to provide an information service to, for example, foresters, agriculturists, pharmacognosists and medical entomologists; and (c) the need to identify populations of rare and endangered species, and threatened habitats that are poorly represented under the existing national conservation system. 3.12 Each of these requirements will demand a different biodiversity sampling strategy. In the first case (a), geographically intensive sampling of all habitats in the target area would be carried out with the goal of obtaining a species list of the systematic groups of conservation, and ecological or economic importance. In the second and third cases, in order to establish the spatial distribution patterns of a target species or systematic group, a wider geographical survey would be necessary based, for example, on a stratified list of habitats inferred from large-scale vegetation maps, satellite remote-sensing images, and soil and climate data. 3.13 It should be understood that the accurate designation of rare and endangered species and their habitats could only be derived, a posteriori, from the analysis of known distribution patterns. Monitoring 3.14 It is important to be able to differentiate between long-term trends, natural cyclical variation in abundance, and statistical sampling errors. Monitoring biodiversity therefore requires a consistent and replicable methodology that can accommodate both spatial and temporal change. Essential to this process is sound baseline inventory of a carefully selected array of systematic groups. To assess environmental impact at the local level, it may be necessary to initiate a program of regular sampling on a site-by-site basis. However, to monitor large-scale environmental changes over time effectively, it will probably be necessary to integrate biodiversity information systems with the global change information systems, presently under separate development. Information Systems and Management 3.15 To close the circle of biodiversity information transfer among systematic researchers, policy makers, environmental managers and researchers in applied fields, it will be necessary to develop a national electronic information network. The output from this information system, based on the best available data, should be made readily and rapidly available to the users. Through the introduction of electronic networks and information system and management tools, this data could be rapidly updated, validated and refined. 3.16 The medium in which the information is accessed should be user-friendly, and the format readily understandable by non-specialists. Spatial information should be map-based and, as far as possible, biodiversity data should be collected and maintained in a form capable of being readily integrated with other environmental information such as topography, climate, soils, and land use. Systematic Research 3.17 The fauna and flora of Indonesia cannot effectively be studied in isolation. Because the natural range of species does not often conform to political boundaries, the creation of robust species - 12 - concepts and maintenance of a stable system of names requires the study of species over the whole of their natural biogeographic range. In the Southeast Asia region, this process was begun in 1950 with the initiation of the Flora Malesiana project, the scope of which includes Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Brunei, Singapore, and Malaysia, and, in 1988, with the complementary Fauna Malesiana project, which covers the same geographic area. 3.18 For Indonesia to establish a strong leadership role in systematic research in the Malesian region will not only require a commitment to institution building, training and technology transfer, but Indonesian scientists will need to participate on equal terms in the world scientific community. To meet this goal, workers in Indonesia will need to have access to global electronic information networks such as the INTERNET, and be able to travel to conferences and collaborating institutions overseas. Foreign language skills, including proficiency in technical writing, should also be an essential part of Indonesian scientific training. Output, Products and Services 3.19 The goal of developing a national integrated biodiversity information system in Indonesia is to make high-quality data available to a wide range of users--whether they be schoolchildren, tourists, researchers, or politicians--in a variety of user-friendly formats. These products could range from simple illustrated identification guides and handbooks, to maps produced by geographic information systems (GIS), and interactive computer 'expert systems'. At the core of the system would be a series of (predominantly specimen-based) databases containing all the available information on the spatial distribution and abundance of the Indonesian biota. Augmenting the biodiversity databases would be other kinds of spatial (map-based) data on land use, vegetation, topography, soils, and climate. It is the integration and interaction of these different types of data that would enable both site-based and species-based enquiries to be answered in a meaningful manner, facilitating the decision-making process. 3.20 To complement, support and maintain accurate and up-to-date databases of Indonesian biodiversity, it will be necessary to produce a number of computerized aids including bibliographies, checklists, gazetteers, and glossaries. 3.21 In addition, Indonesian foresters, agriculturalists, ecologists, and conservation managers need tools to aid the field identification of species with particular economic or ecological value. Traditionally this has entailed the use of written keys and, even though these will continue to have enormous value, they are mostly intended for use by systematic specialists. However, with the widespread introduction of personal computers (PCs), the development of multiple entry, interactive 'expert systems' containing images of important field-oriented characters used in identifying the organism in question would make it possible for reliable identifications to be made by non-specialists. IV. THE PROJECT A. Project Objectives 4.1 The proposed project would strengthen the institutional capacity of PPPB to support systematic biological collections, a basic reference tool for biodiversity inventory and monitoring. The project would also make information from the collections available to external clients. The project would establish the foundation required for PPPB to meet the expanding needs for biodiversity - 13 - information over the long-term, and would provide high priority information during the project pe.iod. The main objectives would be: (a) to provide support for overall project management and coordination, in order to foster both effective project implementation and long-term institutional transformation; (b) to restore and develop the collections and associated functions of the Botany and Zoology Divisions; (c) to design and establish a computerized database of specimen-based data for collections management, collection plans and development, and external use; and (d) to strengthen the capacity to coordinate and foster collaborative biological research activities and client services. B. Brief Proiect Description 4.2 The project would be implemented over five years and would include the following components: (a) General Project Management and Coordination. This component would comprise the establishment of a steering committee, a project management committee, a project implementation unit (including locally contracted specialists in project and financial management), a technical advisory group (of international advisors with institutional and technical expertise), a user advisory group (representative of external clients), short-term advisors and trainers (in envirornmental health and safety, document restoration, data field design, and specialized systematic biologists), a grants program for systematic research and genetic resource conservation2, and a financing strategy study. (b) Systematic Collections and Research in Botany and Zoology. This component would support the development of systematic collections and associated research in the Botany and Zoology Divisions through: (i) Human Resource Development: Provision of about 18 graduate-level scholarships in systematic biology and about 11 overseas work-study programs, plus advice and extensive on-the-job training for managers, scientists, interns, and technicians in curation, taxa identification, field collecting, and user product development; (ii) Collections Restoration and Development: Provision of building renovations, furniture, archival supplies, 40 temporary employees and redeployment of 20 permanent staff to work as curatorial assistants in order to improve and expand specimen storage, to improve the scientific organization of the collections, to restore deteriorating specimens, and to stabilize the specimens as necessary before moving them to new cabinets or buildings3 (these activities would include the 2 During negotiations, the Bank obtained assurances that the small grants program would be carried out in accordance with procedures and criteria agreed with the Bank. During negotiations, the Bank obtained assurances that GOI would stabilize specimens as necessary before moving them to new cabinets or to different buildings. - 14 - integration of the marine reference collections belonging to the Research and Development Center for Oceanology with PPPB's terrestrial-based reference collections); (iii) Research Facilities: Building renovation and provision of essential scientific literature and equipment in order to improve systematic biology research facilities; and (iv) Publications and Products: Development of an illustrated technical glossary, a computerized bibliography of written reference materials, a computerized gazetteer, a database and handbooks covering specific taxa, national field guides, and a specimen identification service. (c) Information Systems Management. This component would set up a computer database and a local area network capable of basic specimen data entry, automated label production, collections management functions, and information dissemination. This system would complement and comprise a node of a wider network, which GOI plans to develop. This component would comprise inputs of technical assistance, an overseas work-study program, computer and network equipment and installation, software development and support, and the establishment of a new sub-division with redeployed and newly recruited staff. (d) Scientific Collaboration and Services. This component would provide a small amount of technical assistance and office equipment to strengthen PPPB's capacity to manage collaborative research, client services, and training programs. C. Detailed Features General Project Management and Coordination Component 4.3 The project would support the establishment of a steering committee, including inter- agency representation, a project management committee, consisting of the project manager, the project coordinators, and PPPB division directors, a project implementation unit, workshops (in taxa priorities, data field design, and mid-project review), a technical advisory group, a user advisory group, short-term advisors and trainers (in environmental health and safety and archival restoration), a grants program for systematic research and genetic resource conservation, and a financial strategy study. 4.4 Proiect Implementation Unit. A full-time project manager would head the Project Implementation Unit and be responsible for overall project management. He or she would be supported by a Financial Manager and a few PPPB clerical staff. In addition, the Project Manager would receive support from a Project Management Specialist (with expertise in project planning, project monitoring, and other project management skills) and additional office administration staff, locally hired on a long-term contractual basis. A Financial Management Specialist, also hired on a local long-term contract, would provide technical advice and training to the Financial Manager. A short-term Collections Data Access Specialist, would analyze the range of existing policies, both in Indonesia and overseas, regarding accessing and sharing biodiversity information and assist PPPB in drawing up a set of criteria and procedures for determining appropriate levels of biodiversity information access by potential database users, which would be summarized in a report. - 15 - 4.5 Workshops. The General Project Management and Coordination Component would also provide support for two workshops during project inception (to set taxa priorities and data field definitions), which would help to establish clear benchmarks for measuring project progress in the development of the database, and a workshop for the mid-project review. 4.6 Technical Advisory Group. A Technical Advisory Group (TAG), consisting of a Team Leader4, a Botany Institutions Advisor, and a Zoology Institutions Advisor, would provide periodic technical advice and guidance on curation and specimen-based database development, and information systems and management (see Annex 4). Specifically, the TAG would: (a) advise on the development of appropriate institutional policies and protocols for collections and information systems and management to bring PPPB's collections up to international standards of curation and documentation; (b) visit PPPB at regular intervals throughout the five-year project to discuss progress and advise, as necessary, on actions to be taken by PPPB to met any unforeseen events as they arise; (c) recommend to the Project Manager appropriate short-term taxonomic and information technology specialists; (d) advise on appropriate priority taxa and specimen data-entry fields for the database; and (e) assist the Project Management Committee in setting realistic benchmarks by which to measure the progress of the project. The involvement of the TAG would be relatively more intensive during the initial years of the project, and would phase down as the technical and institutional capacity of PPPB increased in the later years of the project. 4.7 UJser Advisory Group. A User Advisory Group (UAG) would meet at least semi- annually to provide the project management committee with user feedback during the course of the project. The UAG would comprise members who reflect the range of users of PPPB collections- based information from the government agencies (e.g., Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Mines and Energy, Ministry of Environment, BAPEDAL), academic institutions, commercial firms (e.g., pharmaceutical firms, manufacturers of traditional medicine (Jamu), forestry concession companies, agricultural supply firms, mining companies, energy companies, and environmental assessment consultants), and non-governmental organizations (see Annex 3). 4.8 Health and Safety Improvement. At the beginning of the project, two environmental health and safety specialists, one with local and the other with international expertise, would review the widespread use in the Botany and Zoology Divisions of toxic or potentially hazardous chemicals such as mercuric chloride, naphthalene, paradichlorbenzene, lead arsenate, fornalin and naphthalene, and make recommendations for the implementation of measures to reduce to a minimum the future exposure of staff and visitors. The local specialist would also conduct training in the recommended collections management procedures. PPPB ceased the application of mercuric and arsenic compounds 4 The Team Leader would also be responsible for coordinating all technical assistance and training provided under the Technical Assistance and Specialized Training Contractual arrangement. - 16 - and paradichlorbenzene to collections in January 1994. PPPB has agreed to prepare, in consultation with the environmental health and safety advisors, an environmental health and safety action plan by April 30, 1995 (see Annex 4). 4.9 Document Archival and Restoration Methods. In the second year of the project, the services of a specialist in contemporary archival and restoration methods would be contracted to advise the Project Manager on improved methods of preserving books, photographs, illustrations, specimens labels, and mounting media. 4.10 Research Grants Program. Competitive research proposals in the field of collections- based systematic research and genetic diversity conservation would be invited from PPPB staff, with a funding limit of Rp. 40 million (in 1994 equivalent) per proposal. These would be subject to independent peer review, and awards totalling about US $490,000 (including contingencies) over the five-year project period would be made by the Steering Committee on the recommendations of the Project Manager (see Annex 3 Part C). 4.11 Financial Strategy Study. The project would support a financial strategy study. This study would be carried out in the third year of the project to analyze potential funding sources and funding mechanisms available to PPPB. Post-project budget projections would be drawn up based on the need to maintain and develop the systematic research collections, and carry out associated research and information and systems management activities. Recommendations would be provided to assist PPPB in developing a strategy for achieving long-term financial sustainability. Although the project budget does not include funding for other strategic planning and policy studies, it may be possible to add one or more such studies during the mid-project review. Botany Collections and Research Component 4.12 Within the Botany Division of PPPB, the proposed project would support human resource development; collections renovation, maintenance and development; research facilities upgrading; and the development of various publications and support products. The project would involve only those sections of the Botany Division which focus on collections and associated systematic research. A Botany Coordinator, appointed from existing PPPB staff, would manage the project activities within the Botany Division (see Annex 3). 4.13 Human Resource Development. This support would consist of graduate-level scholarships in systematic botany, overseas work-study programs, and local management training programs; on-the-job training in taxa identification, curation, field collecting, and user product development; and an internship program for staff from provincial universities. 4.14 PPPB would tailor the external training programs to the institutional and technical requirements of the project, and to the needs of specific staff. For the graduate-level scholarship program, PPPB would recruit approximately nine candidates for two-year overseas M.Sc.-level training courses (or equivalent5) in systematic botany from a national pool of graduate botanists, Most of these have been costed on the basis of nominal two-year overseas graduate scholarships, plus, for three of the candidates, an additional two-year local Ph.D. program with an academic co- supervisor. Project Management would have discretion to allocate available funds to provide some M.Sc. scholarships at Indonesian universities, or one or more overseas Ph.D. scholarships, as appropriate to the need of the best candidates. Further, M.Sc.-level students would be selected for aptitude and motivation, on the assumption that a high proportion of these later would have an opportunity to complete Ph.D. degrees. - 17 - including those already employed at PPPB (see Annex 3 Part D). Priorities areas for training would include specialization in groups of plants of high conservation and economic importance such as the grasses (including bamboo), palms (including ratans), timber trees (including gyrnnosperms, legumes, dipterocarps, Ebenaceae, Meliaceae and Lauraceae), and fruit trees (including Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae). Three- to six-month overseas work-study programs would be provided in collections management and curatorial methods for the Botany Coordinator and two Collections Managers, all of whom would be recruited internally. Depending on the experience and needs of the Coordinator and the Collections Managers, local management training might be partially or fully substituted for the work-study programs. Foreign language training would be supplied as needed to the M.Sc. candidates, Coordinator, and Collections Managers. 4.15 PPPB staff and external experts would provide on-the-job training. From the second year onward, the Coordinator and the Collections Managers would provide continuous in-house training and supervision in herbarium methods to all project technical staff. During the second through fifth years of the project, PPPB would invite up to eight international systematic specialists to visit PPPB, for a total of 24 person-months. These international experts would provide specialized mentoring in identification, collecting and preservation techniques of specialist plant groups. They would also be expected to improve the level of scientific curation of the collections within their specialist taxa group (see Annex 4). The project would cover the mentors' cost of travel, subsistence and incidental expenses, indirect costs and, in some cases, honoraria. In each of years four and five, an eight-week fieldwork training expedition for six junior staff members would be mounted, with the emphasis on the collection and processing of high-quality specimens and field information. The database fields would be used to guide collection of field data. 4.16 During the second through fifth year of the project, temporary internships6 in herbarium management and curatorial methods would be made available to up eight graduate staff from local and provincial universities. Interns would learn basic specimen preparation and collections management, and would participate in on-the-job training programs in the collection, identification, and curation of specialist taxonomic groups. The project would cover the cost of travel, subsistence and honoraria. This internship program would begin to develop the human resources needed for future regional biodiversity inventory and monitoring centers. 4.17 Collections Restoration. Maintenance, and Development. The project would support building improvements, renovation, and expansion of specimen storage facilities, improvement in scientific organization of collections, and restoration of deteriorating specimens. 4.18 Building improvements would be limited. During the first year of the project, the windows of the herbarium would be screened to minimize the entry of harmful insects into the building, and new specimen driers and specimen handling facilities would be installed in the basement. A cooling engineer would be contracted to survey the feasibility of introducing climate control (cooling and dehumidification) in the collections facilities. Should this be found to be physically and economically feasible, air-conditioners would be installed. It should be noted that the budget estimates are based on the cost of new stand-alone cabinets, but if air-conditioning should prove to be feasible, it might be preferable to purchase compactor units in order to reduce to a minimum the volume of air to be cooled. 4.19 Storage facilities would be renovated, expanded, and reorganized. The present storage racks full of rusty metal boxes would be replaced by approximately 785 new metal cabinets, 750 of 6 Six to twelve months in duration. - 18 - which would be fitted with 21 pigeonholes for housing vascular plant specimens, and 35 of which would have 55 pigeonholes for non-vascular plant (macro-fungi, mosses, liverworts, lichens and larger algae) specimens. The contents of each pigeonhole would be placed in an archival quality, sealable plastic bag and systematically frozen at -20
Группа Всемирного банка · GEF Project Document
Indonesia - Biodiversity Collections Project
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GEF Project Document
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Индонезия
Источник
Всемирный банк