China - Water Resources Project in Hunan and Hubei Provinces : summary environmental impact assessment (Vol. 2 of 2) : EIA for water resources project in Hunan and Hubei provinces

Environmental Assessment/Analysis Reports_______ Repor-t E0056 Ch-ina Yang~tze Baasi Water - ---- :Resource PFroj et 2 of 2 EnvironmentalImac Asses-sment Apri 1d 994 This report has been prepared by the Borrower or its Consultant  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR WATER RESOURCES PROJECT IN HUNAN AND HUBEI PROVINCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION FOR THE YANGTSE PEOPLE' S REPUBLIC OF CHINA APRIL 1994  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR WATER RESOURCES PROJECT IN HUNAN AND HUBEI PROVINCES TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 1 .~~~~~IN 1.1 Aim and Origin of the Project 1 1.2 Process of EIA 3 1-3 Basis of Compilation for EIA Report 6 1.4 Scope of EIA - 7 1.5 Methodology and Main Techniques Used in Assessment 8 1.6 Agencies and Personnel Working on the EIA 10 2. POLICIES, LAWS, REGULATIONS, STANDARDS AND MAIkAGEMENT SYSTEM 12 2.1 Policies, Laws and Regulations 12 2.2 Environmental Standards Used in EIA 13 2.3 Framework of Management System 15 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 17 3.1 Characters of the Project 17 3.2 Location of the Project Area 17 3.3 Project Components 17 3.4 Investment and Construction Period - of the Project 21 3.5 Benefits of the Project (Contribution of the loan to the project ) 21 3.6 Management and Operation of the Project 23 4. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING IN TRE PROJECT AFFECTED AREA 25 4.1 Physical Environment 25 4.2 Ecological Environment 27 4.3 Social Environment 29 4.4 Living Quality 31 5. EIA OF JIANGYA RESERVOIR SUBPROJECT 34 * 5.1 Description of the Subproject 34 5.1.1 Main Hydraulic Structures of the Subproject 34 5.1.2 Character of the Reservoir Operation 35 5.1.3 Construction of the Subproject 36 5.1.4 Resettlement Scheme 37 5.1.5 Main Environmental Benefits 41 1  5.2 Environmental Setting of the Affected Region 45 5.2.1 Physical Environment 45 5.2.2 Eco-environment 51 5.2.3 Socio-environment 56 5.3 Environmental Impact Assessment 57 5.3.1 Impacts on Topography and Land Use 59 5.3.2 Impacts on Climate 60 5.3.3 Impacts on Hydrologic Regime and Sedimentation 64 5.3.4 Impacts on Water Temperature and Water Quality 68 5.3.5 Impacts on Mineral Resources 75 5.3.6 Impacts on Terrestrial Flora 75 5.3.7 Impacts on Terrestrial Fauna 77 5.3.8 Impacts on Aquatic Biota 77 5.3.9 Impacts on socio-economy 79 5.3.10 Impacts.on the Public Health 80 5.3.11 Impacts on the Landscape and Cultural and Historic Relics 82 5.3.12 Impacts of the Resettlement on the Environment 82 5.3.13 Analysis of Impacts of the Construction on tie Environment 86 5.4 Comparison of Alternatives 88 5.4.1 Alternatives of Dam Sites and Dam Axises 88 5.4.2 Environmental Alternatives of NPL of the Subproject 89 5.4.3 Selection of the Water Intake 90 5.5 Public Participation 92 5.5.1 Public Opinions in the Inundated Area 92 5.5.2 Public Opinions from Downstream Area of the Reservoir 96 5.6 Risk Analysis 99 5.6.1 Risk Analysis of Dam Failure 99 5.6.2 Risk Analysis of the Impact of Earthquake on the Reservoir 100 5.6.3 Risk Analysis of Landslide in the Peservoir Region 102 5.7 Environment Management, Monitoring and Training 102 5.7.1 Environmental Management Framework 103 5.7.2 Environmental Management and Monitoring Planning During Construction Period 105 5.7.3 Environmental Management and Monitoring Program During Operation Period 107 5.7.4 Staff Training 108 5.8 Budget for Environmental Protection 108 6. BIA OF NORTH TIESHAN IRRIGATION SUBPROJECT 110 6.1 Description of the Subproject 110 6.2 Environmental Setting in the Subproject Affected Area 111 6.3 Analysis of the Environmental Impacts 113 6.3.1 Description of the Environmental Impacts 113 6.3.2 Analysis of Impacts on Water Use in the Downstream Reaches 114 6.3.3 Analysis of Impacts of Irrigation 2  on Water Quality 115 6.3.4 Impacts of the Water Supply Project on Environment 116 6.3.5 Impacts on Soil and Water Losses 117 6.4 Public Participation 118 6.5 Environmental Management and Monitoring 120 6.6 Budget for Environmental Protection 122 7. EIA OF LIUDUZHAI IRRIGATION SUBPROJECT 124 7.1 Description of the Subproject 124 7.2 Environmental Setting 125 7.3 Analysis of Environmental Impacts 126 7.3.1 Description of Environmental Impacts of the Subproject 126 7.3.2 Analysis of Impacts on Water Quality 127 7.3.3 Analysis of Impacts on Water Use in the Downstream Reaches 128 7.3.4 Prevention of Soil Erosion 129 7.4 Public Participation 129 7.5 Environmental Management and Monitoring 130 7.6 Budget for Environmental Protection 130 .3. EIA OF DANJIANGKOU IRRIGATION SUBPROJECT 132 8.1 Description of the Subproject 132 8.2 Environmental Setting of the Subproj.ect Area 133 8.3 Analysis of the Environmental Impacts 135 8.3.1 Description of the Environmental Impacts 135 8.3.2 Impacts on Water Use in the Downstream Reaches 136 8.3.3 Danjiangkou Irrigation Region and the Middle Route Project of Water Diversion from the South to the North of China 137 8.3.4 Analysis of Impact on Water Quality 138 8.4 Environmental Management and Monitoring 138 8.5 Budget for Environmental Protection 140 9. EIA OF WENXIA IRRIGATION SUBPROJECT 141 9.1 Description of the Subproject 141 9.2 Environmental Setting 142 9.3 Analysis of the Environmental Impacts 144 9.3.1 Description of the Environmental Impacts 144 9.3.2 Impact on Water Use in Downstream Reaches 145 9.3.3 Impacts on Water Quality 146 9.4 Environmental Management and Monitoring 147 9.5 Budget for Environmental Protection 147 10. IRRIGATION SUBPROJECT OF NO. 3 TRUNK CANAL OF ZHANGHE RESERVOIR 149 10.1 Description of the Subproject 149 10.2 Environmental Setting 150 10.3 Analysis of Environmental Impact 152 3  10.3.1 General Description of the Environmental Impact 152 10.3.2 Impact on Water Uses in Downstream Reaches 152 10.3.3 Impact on the drainage in the Four-lake Region 154 10.3.4 Impact on Water Quality 154 10.4 Environmental Management and Monitoring 1-55 10.5 Budget for Environmental Protection 156 11. EIA OF DONGFENG IRRIGATION SUBPROJECT 157 11.1 Description of the Subproject 157 11.2 Environmental Setting 158 11.3 Analysis of the Environmental Impact 160 11.3.1 Description of the Environmental Impact 160 11.3.2 Impact on Water Use in Downstream Reaches 161 11.3.3 Impact on Water Quality 162 11.4 Environmental Management and Monitoring 163 11.5 Budget for Environmental Protection 164 12. EIA OF FOUR-LAKE DRAINAGE SUBPROJECT 165 12.1 Description of the Subproject 165 12.2 Environmental Setting 167 12.3 Analysis of Environmental Impacts 169 12.3.1 Description of the Environmental Impacts -169 12.3.2 Ar,alysis of Impact on Resettlement 170 12.3.3 Analysis of Impact on Flood Control 171 12.3.4 Analysis of Impact on Water-Quality 173 12.3.5 Analysis of Impact on Epidemic of Schistosomiasis 176 12.4 Environmental Management and Monitoring 179 12.4.1 Management Agencies and Their Responsibilities 179 12.4.2 Environmental Monitoring-Plan 180 12.4.3 Plan of Regular Study on Water Environmental Issues 183 12.5 Budget for Environmental Monitoring and Study on Special Topics 183 13. EIA OF OTHER SUBPROJECT 184 14. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION OF THE PROJECT 185 15. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN OF THE PROJECT 187 15.1 Environmental Management 187 15.1.1 Aim and Principles for Establishing the Environmental Institution 187 15.1.2 Institutions and Their Duty of Environmental Management 187 15.1.3 Organization of the Environmental Management Institution 189 15.2 Environmental Monitoring Planning 189 15.2.1 Aim andc Task of Environmental Monitoring 189 4  15.2.2 Establishment of Environmental 18 Monitoring Network 15.2.3 Personnel and Facilities of the 191 Environmental Monitoring Network 16. EIA OF THE PROJECT 193 16.1 Ge.neral Conclusion 193 16.2 Mitigation of the Negative Impacts 196 16.3 Utilization of the Land Resources 5-  1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Aim and Origin of the Project The water resources project in Hunan and Hubei provinces includes Jiangya reservoir subproject, rehabilitation of North Tieshan irrigation subproject and liuduzhai irrigation subproject in Hunan province, and drainage and irrigation subproject in Four-Lake area, Danjiangkou irrigation subproject, Wenxia irrigation subproject, irrigation subproject of Zhanghe reservoir No. 3 trunk canal, Dongfeng irrigation subproject in #ubei province and a flood early warning and forecasting system. Among these subprojects, Jiangya reservoir subproject is one tb be newly constructed, North Tieshan and Liuduzhai -irrigation subprojects are ones to be continued, and the others are to be reformed, enlarged or supplemented. The flood early warning and forecasting system is an accident surveillance system for environmental monitoring. The Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China is in charge of the project. Hunan and Hubei proviUcial governments have set up respective Project Leading Group and its working body----Project Office at provincial level. The duty of the group is making policies for the project and reviewing the overall plan of the project, and that of the Office is making project plan, organizing design and construction of the project, etc. Hunan and Hubei provinces where the subprojects are scattered are situated in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, on both the north and the south sides of the Dongting Lake. Rich in land resources, the area is one of the main grain and cotton production bases in China and famous as the "Rome of fish and grain". Industry in the area is relatively developed and the industrial gross output value amounts to 73* of the total gross output value of the industrial and agricultural production. Communication in the area is also highly developed with waterways and land transportation leading to many other places in the nation. The area, with a highly danse population and a galaxy of talent, plays an important role in the nation's social economy and culture. There are various types of topography in the project area, most parts of which are river network plain regions, some are low hilly or mountainous regions. Due to the uneven spatial and temperal distribution of precipitation both annually and interannually, heavy rainstorms often occur in the flood season, causing serious flood and waterlogging damage. While in the peak period for irrigation, there are often many dry days with less precipitation, leading to droughts in the area. These disasters not only affect the stable and sustainable development of the local economy, but also threaten and -damage the living environment and living quality of the local residents.  In order to eliminate the damage caused by water deficiency as well as floods in different period of the year completely, and for the sake of protecting the local people's living environment and developing the economy, relevant agencies have proposed a comprehensive plan for rational utilization of water resources in the regions. However, due to lack of the necessary funds, the plan has not been fully and immediately implemented so far. Along with the full implementation of the reform and open door policy in China, economic situations at the nation's level and in Hunan and Hubei provinces have been greatly improved, which provide with firm basis for carrying out the comprehensive plan for utilization of water resources. Meanwhile, the loan provided by the World Bank will also further guarantee and promote the construction of the project. The project, quoted as saying of the expert panel reviewing the working outline of EIA for the project, "will play an important role in improving production and living condition of the local people, relieving the damage caused by floods, droughts and waterlogging, promoting economic development, as well as promoting the beneficial circulation of both social and physical environment in the area". Under the stipulation of "Environmental Management Methods for Construction Project" issued by the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) of the People's Republic of China and the Operational Directive for Environmental Assessment (O.D.4.01) issued by the World Bank, a coincident principle has been proposed for environmental assessment of construction projects, which specifies that a EIA statement must be prepared as one of the imperative documents used for applying for approval of the i3roject. The relevant procedures and requirements for compiling and reviewing EIA report have also been proposed in relevant documents. Entrusted by the provincial sponsors of the project---- Planning Commission of Hubei Province and Water Resources and Hydroelectric Power Department of Hunan Province, the Research Institute of Water Resources Protection for the Yangtze (RIWRPY) is responsible for the compilation of the EIA statement for the project under the stipulation of "Environmental Management Methods for Construction Project" issued by the government of the People's Republic of China and "the Operational Directive for Environmental Assessment (O.D.4.01)" issued by the World Bank. While the compilation was progressing, the Chinese government also issued a document entitled "Information for Enhancing the Management of Environmental Assessment for Construction Projects Applying for Loan from International Organizations". For this reason, the requirements of this document has also been fullv taken into consideration. The aim of compiling the EIA statement is not only to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of the project so as to provide a basis for decision-making, but also: * On the basis of magnitude of negative impacts, importance 2  of the affected factors and bearing capacity of ecosystem and its environment, to determine whether mitigation measures should be taken or not. And if mitigation measures are needed, plans and protective measures for mitigating the negative impacts should be proposed at different levels. t To propose a monitoring system plan for identifying long- term and potential environmental impacts, determining the input intensity of environmental protection measures and supplementing routine task. t To properly clarify the main relevant environmental-problems concerned by the public both at home and abroad. To properly propose a plan for the environmental management system in the light of the characters of both the respective subprojects and the project, so as to guarantee the coordinated development of the ecunomy and the environment * i.n the project area. 1.2 Process of EIA Working on EIA of the project began in February, 1993, and has been going on according to the following requirements of the sponsors: working agencies should (a) present a preliminary environmental impact assessment(PEIA) report of the project on March 1, 1993 in order to meet the demand of the World Bank for its first preparative mission to review; (b) present the first draft of ETA report of the project in September, 1993 for the Bank's second preparative missicn to review; (c) finish the modification of the first draft of BIA report by the end of October, 1993, so that the Bank's pre-evaluation mission could review it in November the same year (time when the pre-evaluation and the evaluation missions will respectively come to China has been postponed according to the agreement reached by the Chinese working agencies and the Bank's second preparative mission); (d) present the working outline and the ZIA report of the project during relevant periods of time in order to meet the internal requirements at the same time. CoglectiQf and Review & Data Extensive data about environment of the project and its surrounding areas have been collected and analyzed before formally starting working on the EIA. As a result, it was found that environmental data are rich in the area and most of them can be directly used for EIA or used for reference. It is worth to note that EIA reports for both Jiangya reservoir subproject and the feeding reservoir of North Tieshan irrigation subproject have respeccively been compiled, and approved by corresponding environmentzl management agencies. A water quality monitoring agency, established independently, has been doing excellent work since its foundation in the Dongting Lake area and owns a perfect series of data. PEIA Reor_t Entrusted by both the Planning Commission of Hubei Province and Water Resources and Hydroelectric Power 3  Department of Hunan Province, RIWRPY, in cooperation with respective Water Resources and Electricity Survey and Design Institute(WRESDI) of Hunan and Hubei provinces, had compiled a PEIA report for the Bank's first preparative mission of the project to review. Before compiling the report, the EIA working agencies, taking engineering analysis as a guide and environmental conditions of the affected areas as a basis, had extensively identified and screened the respective environmental factors possibly affected by each subproject in the light of property, extent, time duration, scope, possibility and reversibility of the impact. In accordance with the World Bank's Operational Directive for Environmental Assessment (O.D.4.01) and the internal relevant stipulations, the followings were recognized: * The project consists of numbers of subprojects, -which are independent of one another and basically have no superposed impacts on environment. Hence, the EIA for the project can be carried out by working on each single EIA of the subprojects, respectively. * The project may cause significant negative impacts on environment because it includes reservoir subproject and drainage and irrigation subproject. So, the-EIA should be carried out as category A. - As parts of some of the subprojects were constructed many years ago and have been operating ever since, scope of PEIA of the project would be confined to the-items related to loan, in reference to impacts of existed parts of the subprojects on environment. * Jiangya reservoir subproject will have a significant impact on environment. In addition, much attention should be paid- to epidemic of schistosomiasis caused by drainage an irrigation subproject. If resettlement problem of Jiangya reservoir subproject could be properly dealt with, the negative impacts of the project, compared to the benefits to be gained from it, is-acceptable. The PEIA report summed up components which were of importance to environment, and -proposed some environmental problems that needed further analysis in the EIA report. Environmentalist of the Bank's first preparative mission for the project reviewed the PEIA report from April 13 to 17, 1993. He expressed his following opinions: "Agree-on the conclusioi of PEIA for this project in principle" and "This report has provided a -good basis for compilation of EIA- report, complying with requirements of the.Bank and the Chinese NEPA". Also, he proposed his recommendation-on the next stage's work- (including contents and schedule). - - Experts from United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization ever made two times inquiries about the PEIA report 4  in June, 1993. They expressed similar opinions. Meanwhile, they also inquired the intention to study the water quality of the Honghu Lake. In the process of reviewing the PEIA statement, an officer from NEPA communicated the following four pieces of recommendation of the competent department of NEPA: * EIA report of the project must meet requirements of the World Bank at the same time; * Only one EIA report should be compiled for the project by only one agency responsible for assessment; * Working outline of EIA of the project should be drawn up as soon as possible; * EIA of the project should be categorized to A under the Bank's stipulation. Workin Outline of EIA On the basis of documents entitled "Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment for ' ater Resources Project Applying for Loan from the World Bank in Eunan arid Hubei Provinces" and "Memorandum from Mr. Crooks, the Environmentalist of the Bank's Preparative Mission for Water Resources Project in P .Aan and Hubei Provinces", as well as relevant laws and regulations, RIWRPY compiled "Working Outline of EIA for Water Resources Project in Hunan and Hubei Provinces (Manuscript for Review)" in May, 1993. After referring to "Reviewing Opinions of Expert Panel on the working outline of EIA for Water Resources Project in Huna-n and Hubei Provinces" and "Reply to the Reviewing Opinions on the Working Outline of EIA for Water Resources Project Applying for Loan from the World Bank in Hunan and Hubei Provinces", RIWRPY presented the revised working outline in August, 1993. The expert panel for reviewing the working outline, including 12 higb-ranking experts, were selected and invited by NEPA from universities, scientific research institutes, and. designing and administrative departments. The reviewing opinions said "The working outline accords not only with the NPA's requirements but also with the Bank's regulations." and "The overall design is both comprehensive and distinctive. The working outline is approved to be used as a guide for EIA." Meanwhile, the expert panel presented some important matters, such as "Much attention should be paid to the risk of drained out water from embanked areas meeting with the outside flood while dealing with the drainage and irrigation subproject." and "Water quality control factors should be analyzed and water supply assurance rate predicted on the occasion of supplying water for Yuyang City." and etc. Firat Draft of EIA Report After doing a rush job of completing assessment for each special subject, RIWRPY compiled the first draft of EIA report for the project during the middle 5 ~~~~~~~~-  ten-day of September, 1993 for the Bank's second preparative mission to review. From September 21 to October 2, j993, Environmentalist of the Bank's second preparative mission made an on-the-spot investigation and then reviewed the first draft. The reviewing opinion said that since after the last preparative mission's coming, the environmental group had done excellent work in compiling the-first draft of EIA report, especially in analyzing the potential impacts of drainage and irrigation subproject on environment. Meanwhile, it is suggested that contents of EIA report be expanded (especially for Jiangya reservoir subproject); that working on environmental management and monitoring be strengthened; that an international expert be invited to help compiling the last manuscript of EIA report and that an environmental and resettlement expert group for Jiangya reservoir subproject be established. Time, proposed by the Bank's second preparative mission, for pre-evaluating the project was postponed from November, 1993 until February/March, 1994. This made it quite possible to review, modify and supplement each special subject -report. In reference to "Supplementary Memorandum from the Bank's Second Preparative Mission on Environment of Water Resources Project in the Yangtze Basin", RIWRPY compiled "Environmental Impact Assessment for Water Resources Project Applying for Loan from the World Bank in Hunan and Hubei Provinces" for the Bank's pre- evaluation mission to review. 1.3 Basis of Compilation for EIA Report Compilation of the EIA report is based on the following documents: - "Agreement on Compilation of the EIA Report of Water resources Project in Hunan and Hubei Provincesn reached by both Planning Commission of Hubei Province and Water Resources and Hydroelectric Power Department of Hunan Province (the first party) with RIWRPY (the second party); * "Working Outline of EIA for Water Resources Project in Hunan and Hubei Provinces" compiled by RIWRPY; * "Reply to the Reviewing Opinions of Expert Panel on the Working Outline of EIA for Water Resources Project Applying for Loan from the World Bank in Hunan and Hubei Proviices" issued by NEPA and its accessory, "Reviewing Opinionp of Expert Panel on the Working Outline of EIA for Water Resources Project in Hunan and Hubei Provinces"; t "Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment for Water Resources Project Applying for Loan from the World Bankc in Hunan and Hubei Provinces"- jointly compiled by RIWRPY and respective WRESDI of Hunan and Hubei Provinces; * "Memorandum from Mr. Crooks, the Environmentalist of. the 6  World Bank's Preparative Mission on Water Resources Project in Hunan and Hubei Provinces"; * "Post-memorandum on the Environmental Issues of Water Resources Project in the Yangtze Basin" from the World Bank's first preparative mission; * "Environmental Impact Assessment for Water Resources Project in Hunan and Hubei Provinces (First Draft)" compiled by RIWRPY; * "Supplementary Memorandum from the World Bank's Second Preparative Mission on Environment of the Water Resources Project in the Yangtze Basin"; * Reports on the special subjects compiled by relevant scientific research institutes or design agencies. 1.4 Scope of EIA Based on the time series, the EIA of the project is divided into the following two parts: assessment of the present situation and impact assessment (forecasting assessment). The former assessment should provide a firm basis for implementing the impact assessment, namely, it should make it easier to determine the magnitude and the extent of the impact. According to the various features of different environmental factors, the scope to be assessed is usually larger than the area affected to different extent. For example, the- scope to be considered for assessing existing water quality of Jiangya reservoir subproject is greatly expanded because the upper reach above the reservoir belongs to high mountain area of western Hubei province. The region with high mountains, steep slopes, narrow and deep valleys is sparsely populated and there is no fear of point pollution sources polluting the water of the reservoir. Another example, the scope for assessing the present condition of the terrestrial flora on vertical distribution for Jiangya reservoir subproject is expanded to the watershed of the basin, which is slightly larger than that considered for impact assessment. However, for water temperature distribution of the reservoir, it is confined only to the body of the reservoir. According to the characteristics of both the project components and their mechanism of impact, the following principles and indexes are used to determine the scope to be considered in the EIA: water Resources Subproject: JLiangya reservoir subproject is one planned to be constructed. Its impacts on environment come from inundation, resettlement, water regime modification and construction. thus, the scope of EIA for Jiangya reservoir subproject could be determined and divided as: 7 _  * Inundatea Rgiion: 75.6 km in length with the area of 35.8 sq.km at NPL of 236 m, which covers Cili county, Sangzhi county in Hunan province and Hefeng county in Hubei province. * Resettled RgQion: According to the resettlement plan for Jiangya reservoir subproject, the relocatee are to be resettled inside their native villages or townships as far as possible by taking development-oriented resettlement measures. Therefore, the scope of EIA for this region is confined only to towns and townships where the relocatee are to be resettled, and the vicinities. * Downstream Region 2t the Dam: Including the river channels and regions on both sides of the river below the damsite, the place on which considerable impacts are exerted by water * regime modification in the river channels due to regulation of Jiangya reservoir. * ~Constructin Region: Including the region designated by red line as construction site and Jiangya town 5 km below the damsite. Drainace and Irrigation SubproJect: Four-Lake drainage and irrigation subproject is one need to be constructed, extended and perfected. Its impacts on environment originated not only from construction and irrigation inside the drained region, but also from receiving floodwater outside the drained region. For this reason, scope of EIA for this subproject is confined and divided as follows: * Drained Reaion: Including areas involving construction items applying for loan. * Water Receiving Region: according to the results of PEIA, drainage operation has only little impact on environment of the water receiving region. Hence, only the areas near the drainage spots in the water receiving region are to be involved in EIA. Irrigation Subproiec-t: Generally speaking, scope of EIA for irrigation project includes water source region, irrigated region, water flowing through region between the former two, and lower reaches below water source. As water source structures of all the subprojects have been constructed and all the water flowing through regions are inside the irrigated regions, scope of EIA for the respective subprojects only includes irrigated region and lower reaches below water source. 1.5 Methodology and Main Techniques used in Assessment Methods used for detexmining fyctors in assessment: An expert panel with rich experience in EIA of water resources 8B  projects applied a preliminary assessment matrix to identify, screen and determine the key factors in assessment, which are mainly based on comparing the property, extent, time duration, possibility, scope and reversibility of impact on environmental factors. Taking the assessment of impact of Jiangya reservoir on temperature of water released from the reservoir as an example, the expert panel identified that the impact was negative in property, magnitude in extent, of long-term in time duration, possible in possibility, irreversible in reversibility and the scope of impact covered the lower reaches of Loushui river below the damsite: Then, it is determined as a key factor by comparing its importance with those of the other factors. The key factors determined by the expert panel have been reviewed and approved by experts of both the first preparative mission from the World Bank and United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization. Some of the key factors are recommended by the expert panel for reviewing the working outline of EIA for the project, and then confirmed by working agency for EIA, such as the issue about water supply assurance rate of the North Tieshan water supply structures. Methods of Choosing Workinc Acrencies for the EIA: Due to the limited available time, choosing proper agencies to do the assessment is one of the critical points to ensure the smooth implementation of EIA for the project. Thus, following requirements were proposed for choosing the agencies: Having strong background in knowledge of relevant specialties, taking possession of data including the final results of planning, research and design which are needed in the assessment. The working agencies were chosen after comparing the implementation plans for EIA and data inventories of the project prepared by each relevant agencies respectively. Taking the special subject of impact of the irrigation subproject on epidemic of schistosomiasis as an example, there were two candidate agencies, a certain medical university and a local research institute for prevention of schistosomiasis. The former presented a very reasonable implementation plan but owned little data, while the latter not only presented a operational implementation plan but also owned rich data. For this reason, the latter was chosen as the working agency at last. Methods of Ensuring the Reliability of the Assessment Conclusion for Each SubProJect: The contents and requirements of EIA must be approved by both sides, i.e. the first party and the second party, usually in a form of agreement at early stage. The draft of EIA report for each subproject must first be reviewed by the consignor. After revised, it will be examined by an authorized expert panel. Most of the special subject reports of the project have already passed through these procedures. The contents and requirements of the EIA report have been determined under the stipulations of NEPA of China and the World Bank's operational directive. Each chapter of the EIA report was compiled by personnel in relevant specific field. For example, 9  the report on impact of the project on epidemic of schistosomiasis was compiled by Xiac. Rongwei (Professor and Doctor of Medicine), a member of Medical Science Commission of the Ministry of Public Health of the People'-s Republic of China. English translations of the EIA report have been reviewed by environmentalists of the World Bank for several times. Main Technig ues Used in Assessment: Due to the similarity in components, functions, constructions, operations, environmental settings and locations between the existing project and the project applying f-or loan from the World Bank, the EIA work can be easily done by using analogy technique, which is hence determined as the main technique used in the EIA. 1.6 Agencies and Personnel Working on the EIA The Main Workinc Agencies: RIWRPY: Editor-in chief agency for compiling the EIA report, possessing the first class certificate issued by NEPA of China for doing EIA of any scale of projects. RIWRPY has strong background in ETA work and is the editor-in chief agency in compiling the EIA report for the transcentury Three Gorges water resources project on the Yangtze River, and for the Taihu Lake water resources project which also applied for loan from the World Bank. MM Hunan Provincial Water Resources and Electricity Surey S4 Designing Ingtitute: one of the main cooperative agencies in the EIA, possessing a second class certificate working on EIA and having compiled EIA report for Jiangya water resources project and Oingtianhe water resources project. The Hubei Provincial Water Resourcesa Electricity Survey a-n DesicnincT Institute: one of the main cooperative agencies, having rich experience and lots of achievements on research, survey, plan and design of rivers and water resources projects. The Hunan Provincial Water Resources Monitoring Station for Ihe Donating Lake: a cooperative agency, belonging to grade two monitoring stations of the nation, having been working on the monitoring and research of ecology and water quality in the Dongting Lake. The Hubei Provincial Environmental Protectipn Research Institute: a cooperative agency, possessing the first class certificate for doing EIA issued by NEPA of China and having compiled quite number of EIA reports for various projects. The. Main Working Personnel: Person in Charqe of the Project; Weng Lida (Director, RIWRPY, Senior Engineer) 10  Persons in Charqe of the assessment Techniuge: Wu Junyu (Deputy Chief Engineer, RIWRPY, Senior Engineer) Hsu Baohua (Deputy Chief Engineer, RIWRPY, Senior Engineer) Persons j_n Charcie of Water ResourcesS=roiect:- Zou Jiaxiang (Chief Engineer, EIA Division of RIWRPY, Senior Engineer) Wei Yuwen (Chief Engineer, EIA Division of Hunan WRESDI, Senior Engineer) Persons in Charge of Drainacie Sg=rolect: Chen Dingan (Director, EIA Division of RIWRPY, Senior Engineer) She Xichen (Deputy Director, Hubei WRESDI, Engineer) Persons in Chare Qf IrricQatiol Subt]rojects: Liu Caiqin (Planning Division of RIWRPY, Engineer) Yi Xianming (Deputy Chief Engineer,Hubei WRESDI,Senior Engineer) Min Xinqi (Deputy Director,EIA Division of Hunan WRESDI,Engineer) Persons in Charze of Plan for Environmental Monitorinci ad Mtanacrement: Zhang Jiuhong (Planning Division of RIWRPY, Engineer) Cai Anguo (Director,Dongting Lake Monitoring Station,Engineer) Gao Shuishen (Director,EIA Division of Hubei EPRI,Engineer) Person in Charcie of Special Subject of Schistosomiasis: Xiao Rongwei (Professor,a member of Medical Science Commission of Ministry of Public Health of China,Doctor of Medicine) 11  2. POLXCIES, LAWS, REGULATIONS, STANDARDS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 2.1 Policies, Laws and Regulations Following basic spirits of relevant policies, regulations and laws of PRC are faithfully followed in compiling the EIA report for the project: Protecting environment is one of the nation's basic policies. The strategic aim of the policy is: "solving environmental pollution problems basically to make natural ecology keep in beneficial circulation; the living and production environment in city area should be maintained in clean, beautiful and quiet situation; nationwide environmental situation should coincide with nation's economic development and the improvement of people's material and cultural living standard"; "Nation protects and improves living environment and ecological environment, prevents pollution or any other public hazard", which is specified in "the Constitution of the People's Republic of China"; "In EIA report the pollution and impacts exerted by the project must be properly assessed and countermeasures must be stipulated. The EIA report must be preliminarily reviewed by relevant authorized department before applying for approval of environmental administrative department in charge." and "In the process of exploitation of natural resources, proper measures must be taken to protect ecology and environment." which are stipulated in "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China"; "To develop and utilize water resources and prevent water hazards, an overall plan should be made to make comprehensive use of various functions of water resources", which is stipulated in "Water Law of the People's Republic of China"; "The pollution of surface water, including rivers, streams, lakes, canals and reservoirs, as well as aquifers in the territory of the People's Republic of China should be prevented", stipulated in "Water Pollution Control Law of the People's Republic of China"; "Maintaining socialist public possession system of land, protecting and developing land resources, utilizing land rationally, protecting cropland effectively, to meet the requirement of building socialist modernization" and " When it is necessary for nation's construction, land is allowed to be rent temporarily or put in requisition permanently for the project", specified in "Land Law of the People's Republic of China"; "If historic heritages or cultural relics are affected by construction of project, they should be properly protected or relocated ", stipulated in "Cultural Relics Protection Law of the 12  People's Republic of China"; Substances of "Environmental functions of forest", specified in "Forest Law of the People's Republic of China"; Items related to protection of wild animals in "Wildlife Protection Law of the People's Republic of China"; "Protecting, increasing, developing and rationally utilizing fishery resources, protecting fisherman's legal rights, to promote the development of fishery production", stipulated in "Fishery Law of the People's Republic of China"; "Nation manages the rivercourses through a method of river system united management combining with management by different levels", stipulated in "Stipulation of Rivercourse Management of the People's Republic of China"; Items related to compensation of land acquisition and resettlement of relocatee in "Regulation of Compensation of Land Acquisition and Resettlement of Relocatee for Construction of Large and Medium Size Water Resources and Hydroelectric Projects"; Stipulations for compiling EIA report and applying for approval of construction project, specified in wEnvironmental Management Methods for Construction Projects"; Requirements of contents and methods for ident;.fication, screening of affected factors, forecast of impacts for single factor, and overall assessment, specified in "Regulation for Environmental Impact Assessment of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Projects"; Stipulations of "Assessment policies and procedures , as well as categories of environmental analysis", specified in "the World Bank's Operational Directive for Environmental Assessment(O.D.4.01)", have also been followed with all efforts in compiling the EIA report. - 2.2 Enviro-mental Standards Used in EIA There are numbers of environmental factors involved in the EIA. For some of the factors, such as water quality, noise and vibration, atmosphere and solid wastes, the formal relevant national standards have been published. However, there are no national standards for the other factors such as the relocatee's living quality, local climate, etc. For those environmental factors which have relevant standards, following quality standards are used in this EIA report: 13  Water Ouality "Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water"(GB 3838- 88). The relevant standard values are selected based on the actual situation of functional division of the waters involved in the project. For the waters whose functional division have been approved by the local governments or recommended by scientific research reports, the standards corresponding to requirement of the legal and the recommended categories of water quality are selected. Otherwise, they will be determined customarily by EIA working staff according to quality and usage of the waters. "Water Quality for Cropland Irrigation(GB 5084-92). Because the crops cultivated in the project area are mainly related to water and water quality required by the dry crops and vegetables is usually lower, thus the first class standard is used in the EIA. "Hygienic Standards for Domestic and Drinking Waters (GB B749-85). This standard is used in assessment of water supply project for Yueyang city of successive Tieshan irrigation subproject. "Water Quality Standards for Fishery(GB 11607-89)". This standard will be used in assessing Jiangya reservoir subproject, which has fishery production function, as well as water bodies below the water sources of the irrigation subprojects. N-ois-e and YiLaion "Permissible Noise Standards for Automobiles(GB1495-79)". It is to be used in assessing construction sites and maximum permissible noise levels will be provided for different types of automobiles. "Regulations of Permissible Noise Levels for Ships on Inland Rivers (GB 5980-86)". It is to be used in the Jiangya reservoir, in which a small scale of navigation is possibly formed after the impoundment. A rational standard will be selected according to the length and navigation time of the ships or boats on the reservoir. Presently class two is chosen as the controlling standard. At"mosphere "Environmental Quality Standards for Atmosphere (GB3095- 82)". The requirements of atmosphere quality for protecting public health, flora and fauna in urban and rural areas in order to avoid harm befalling to them in the case of-either long-term or short-term contact is to be considered "Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Atmospheric Pollutants for Protecting Crops(GB 9137-88)". In order to "protect the normal growth of crops, vegetables, fruit trees, mulberries and grasses and prevent them from acute or chronic 14  harms", the limit values of concentration for carbon dioxide and fluoride are to be considered. Solid wastes "Hygienic Standard for Arsenic in Soils(GB 9196-88)". To protect human being's health and soil environment, this standard is used for controlling and preventing the pollution of waters and foods, such as agricultural products, caused by arsenic compounds. For environmental factors having no legal quality standards, mainly the following methods are used in this EIA report. Succeion Trend Analysis In this method, the trend and extent of change for some exerted factors with and without the project are compared and their changing trends are assessed. Forward change is taken as positive impact and backward change is taken as negative impact. The impact is bigger when the areas affected become larger, or it is smaller. Fcr example, in assessing the impact of the project on epidemic of schistosomiasis, increase of the distribution area of oncomelania will be taken as negative impact, whereas, reduction will be taken as positive impact. The magnitude of impact will be determined based on the ratio of the area reduced -or increased to that of the origin. In the case of assessing impact of the project on fishery production, increase of breeding water surface will be considered as positive impact whereas reduction of the water surface will be considered as negative impact, and the magnitude of impact will be determined by the ratio of the increased or decreased area to the original one. Threshold Value Analvsis Taking a value of certain environmental factor, which is publicly accepted, or verified by authorized agencies or experts as threshold value for assessment, the existence of impact is determined by comparison of the value with the data monitored. If the data monitored is under the threshold value, no impact (or acceptable impact) is considered existing. Otherwise, impact is considered existing. For example, in the case of assessing impact of drainage subproject on the flood control of the outside lakes or rivers, if the water level does not exceed the guaranty level proposed by the water resources department due to the increase of drainage capability, the impact is considered not existing or being acceptable. Otherwise, it is considered existing. But this situation is absolutely impermissible. 2.3 Framework of Managgement System Environmental management in China is implemented in a combinative manner of professional and overall management. In order to carry out an overall management of environment and to coordinate the relations between various departments, a leading agency named "Environmental Protection Commission of the 15  State Council" has been established. The commission consists of ministers from relevant ministries and the chairman of the commission is usually a deputy premier or a state councillor. The present chairman is Mr. Song Jian, one of the state councillors. NEPA is the administrative agency of the State Council of China, which is in charge of the' nationwide environmental protection and responsible for implementing unified management of nation's environmental protection. The duties of NEPA are: in charge of making the nation's environmental quality standards, discharge standards for various pollutants; organizing and establishing the- nation's environmental monitoring network cooperating with other relevant departments; proposing regulations for environmental monitoring; Organizing and reviewing EIA reports of large or important construction projects; and issuing bulletin of the nation's environmental situation periodically, etc. The environmental protection administrative agencies at county or above levels implement the above duties in respective regions under their jurisdiction and establish corresponding professional agencies in order to implement their duties of environmental management. To explain the professional management of environment, taking water resources as an example. The Ministry of Water Resources is responsible fo:c unified management of water resources, including development, utilization, protection of water resources, prevention of water hazards, organization of preliminary review of EIA reports of water resources projects, etc. The other departments of the State Council help it to carry out the management of water resources according to their duties stipulated by the State Council. The water resources departments and other relevant departments at county or above levels are also responsible for managing and protecting water resources under their jurisdiction in respective regions according to their duties stipulated by the governments at the same levels. For the important rivers across provinces (cities), part of the work of administrative management of water is taken by the dispatched agencies of the Ministry of Water Resources ---- river basin water conservancy commissions (bureau), and part of the work of management of water environment is taken by the joint subordinate agencies of both the Ministry of Water Resources and NEPA----river basin water resources protection bureaus. The relevant environmental protection bureaus are responsible for the overall management, of the environmental issues involved in the project, and water resources departments as well as public health departments for the professional management. 16  3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1.1 Characters of the Project The water resources project in Hunan and Hubei provinces is part of the Yangtze basin comprehensive utilization planning. On the basis of river basin planning combined with the harnessing of the nation's territory, both the nation's and the local's objectives, are cooperatively met and water resources can be rationally allocated among the different regions. The project, with the funds raised both at home and by applying for loan from the World Bank, is a large scale water resources project including reservoir subproject, drainage subproject and irrigation subprojects. Among these subprojects, some are new projects, some are successive projects and the others are reconstruction or supplementary project. The project aims at enhancing the capability to prevent and relieve the damacve caused by natural disasters, such as floods, iwaterlogging and droughts, protecting lives and properties of the local residents, improving the local environment for production and living and promoting the coincide development of social economy with natural environment. By constructing and perfecting the necessary flood control projects, drainage projects, irrigation projects and other facilities so as to enhance the capability of the project area against natural disasters, the following achievement will be reached: improving the. ecological environment, promoting the overall agricultural productivity, raising the outputs of rice, cotton, oil crops and etc. raising the living standard of the local residents and making the area get rid of poverty. 3.2 Location of the Project Area The project area is situated in the eastern part of China and on the both sides of the middle reaches of the Yangtze inside Hunan and Hubei provinces, between 26 58 --32 53 N, 110 54 --114 02 E.(See FIGURE 3-1) The project area in Hunan province (See FIGURE 3-2) covers Yueyang county, Linxiang county and Yueyang city in the eastern part, Cili county in the western part, Nonghui county, Shaoyang county and Xinshao county in the central part, of Hunan province.(See TABLE 3-1) The project area in Hubei province (see FIGURE 3-3) covers 12 counties (cities, districts) under jurisdiction of Jingzhou prefecture, Jingmen city and Yichang prefecture (city). 3.3 Project Components The project consists of 8 independent subprojects, among which 3 subprojects, namely, Jiangya reservoir subproject, North 17  TABLE 3-1 ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS INVOLVING T1E SUBPROJECTS ---------------------------------------------------------------__ Name of Name of Name of City Name of county, Remarks Province Subproject or Prefecture City,District Jiangya Dayong city Cili county (1) The reservoir inundated subproject area of _-_________ ------------- ---------------- Jiangya Liuduzhai Longhui county reservoir irrigation Shaoyang city Shaoyang county involves Hunan subproject Xinshao county Sangzhi _-_________ ------------- ---------------- county of North Yueyang county Hunan Tieshan Yueyang city Linxiang county province irrigation Urban of and Hefeng subproject Yueyang city county of -------- ----------- ------------- ---------------- Hubei Four-lake Jiangling county province. drainage & Jinzhou Qianjiang county (2)Counties irrigation prefecture Jianli county benefit subproject Honghu city from flood _-_________ ------------- ---------------- control Wenxia Jinzhou function of irrigation prefecture Zhongxiang city Jiangya subproject reservoir _-_________ ------------- ---------------- include: Danjiangkou Xiangfan Xiangyang county Hanshou, irrigation city Laohekou city Anxiang, Hubei subproject Cili,Linli, ___________ ------------ ---------------- Shimen,Li, Dongfeng Yichang county Jingshi irrigation Yichang city Zhijiang county city, subproject Dangyang city Dingcheng _-_________ ------------ ---------------- District- No. 3 trunk canal Dongbao district irrigation Jingmen city subproject Shayang district of Zhanghe reservoir -------------------------------------------------------------1--- 18  M3 -1(FUURE3-1) a.g 4' ci _ Location of The Project Area ( a' . / I ' 19 ,\ v \ \ t / i; 5 t~~~ .'','I , , !.' ( ,.,, - s >'.;l Xn. - (1 x _-1b V f, \>s g 2/f ' 5' .1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l  . tE~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W _ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~. . ..... a. N-4 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I~~~~~k  13-3(FIGURE3-3) _~~~~~~~~ . 7Z!i t-> Ws to?. wn ! A ~~~Location of the Water Resources Pro.iets v ! - . t;- \ 1 1t ~~~~~in Hubei Province Shanxi Province J ) 1_..Yu, , iq ,> < ss Xi ~~%\ 1 l. / 4 p =g\ tn7(X HnnPoic . t / r-; O@