Uzbekistan - An agenda for economic reform

 PErHOHAJihHbiE HCCJIEAOBAHHR BCEMHPHOl"O BAHKA Y36eKUcman , . ' ... . .. . . . . . ~ . . ~ ~ . ' ' llJlalt 3KOitOMUlfeCKUX pel/JopM BceMiipHbiH BanK BamuurTou, oKpyr KoJiyM6nn © Me:JKAyHapo.LJ.HbiH 6aHK peKOHCTPYKU.IUi H pa3BHTIUI/BceMHpHbiH EaHK, 1993 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. Bee npaaa coxpaHeHhi lbroTOBJieHo B Coe)J.HHeHHbiX IIITaTax AMepHKH Ilepaoe H3.LJ.aHHe Ha aHrJIHHCKOM 513biKe - ceP.T516pb 1993 r. llepaoe H3.LJ.aHHe Ha pyccKoM 513biKe - H0516pb 1993 r. PerHoHaJibHhie HccJie)J.oBaHH51 BceMHpHoro EaHKa BXO.LJ.51T B l.:IHCJ10 OTl.:leTOB, nepBOHal.:laJihHO no.LJ.rOTOBJieHHbiX .LJ.JI51 cny:JKe6Horo nonh30Bamm B xo)J.e Be.LJ.y1.1J.eiic51 B EaHKe aHaJIHTHl.:lecKoii pa6oTbi llO H3y4eHHK> 3KOHOMH4eCKHX H np0411X YCJ10BHH B pa3BHBaK>W,HXC51 CTpaHaX-1.:1J1eHaX, a TaK:JKe B paMKax .LJ.Hanora c npaBHTeJ1hCTBaMH JTHX cTpaH. P51.LJ. 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Pa3perneHIIe Ha KOnllpOBaime MaTepnanoB B y1.:1e6HbiX u.en51x MO:JKHO nony1.:111Tb no a)J.pecy Copyright Clearance Center, 27 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970, U.S.A. IlonHhiH nepe1.:1eHh paHee H3.LJ.aHHbiX ny6nnKaU.IIM BceMnpHoro BaHKa np11BO.LJ.IITC51 B e:JKerO.LJ.HOM BhmycKe Index of Publications, BKJ1K>4aiDmeM anQ:>aBHTHbiM yKa3aTe.llh Bcex ny6nnKau.nii n:o 3arnaBnK>, aBTopy, cTpaHaM H pernoHaM, np~,AMeTHbiH yKa3aTeJ1h, a TaK;Ke nHcpopMau.nK> o npno6peTeHnn ny6nnKau;nii. 3a 6ecnnaTHbiM 3K3eMnn51pOM nocne)J.Hero BhmycKa liH,lleKca cne)J.yeT o6pai.1J.aTbC51 no a.LJ.pecy Distribution Unit, Office of the Publisher, Department F, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. IIJlH no a)J.pecy Publications, The World Bank, 66, avenue d'Iena, 75116 Paris, France. ISSN: 0253-2123  DPE):{HCJIOBHE Y36eKHCTaH CTaJI qneuoM BceMHpHoro 6auKa 21 ceHT.sr6pK 1992 ro.n;a. 3TOT .n;oKna,u; no.n;roTOBJieH Ha OCHOBe BLmO,D;OB ,D;Byx SKOHOMHqecKHX MHCCHH, DOCeTHBWHX Y36eKHCT3.H B HIOHe H CeHT.K6pe/OKT.K6pe 1992 ro,u;a no.u; PYKOBO,D;CTBOM CunLBHHLI BaTHHK. Co,u;ep}Kau:ue .n;oKna,u;a o6cy:>K,D;anocn c IIpaB:t~TeJILCTBOM Y36eKHCTaua a urone 1993 r. 't{neHLI MHccuA nonL3yroTcH B03MOJKHOCTbiO no6naro.n;apHTL IIpaauTeJILCTBO Y36eKHCTaHa 3a roCTenpuHMCTBO u coTpy,u;uuqecTBO, a TaKJKe 3a xopomyiO opraHH3aiJ;HIO H yqac:rue B 06Cy.>K,D;eHHH ,D;OKJia,u;a. ,I.I.oKna,u; 6LIJI no,n;roToBJieH rpynnoA no.u; PYKOBo,n;cTBOM C:nJILBHHLI BaTHHK (ocuoauoA aaTop). B coCTaB rpynnLI axo,n;Hnu: Cro3aH BapHc, ,Il.JKepeMH BepKoQ>, ,Il.JKeliMc KoyH, )l{aH-illapnL Kpome, Ac~rB ,neMHp:ryK-KYHT, CYHHTa rau.n;u, Xopxe rapc:na-rapcua, <l>eJIHKC PeMH, Pancp POM3H, ,ll.JK03ecP Ca6a, Xour BeA, l{apJIL3 KaMepou, rapOJJ.b,IJ; Koyn, ,n:sABH,D; <l>aJIKOH, Ceu I'ynTa, AJIHCTep MaKAYJIH (KOHCYJILTaHTLI). UeuuLm aKJia,u; a no,n;roTOBKY oTqeT~ TaKJKe auecn:n 3ua,n; AnLax,n;a,n;, XoMaHyll Aucapu, M:nwenL KpaMep7 Cea,n;eT ,n:euuuep, qaM,D;H 3Aca, AJieKcau,u;p <l>JieMHHr, IlHTep liOHKpacpT, rop,u;ou 103, JlyqHaHO ,nJKaue.rrJIH, PyT KJIHHOB, P:nwap JiaKpya, r:u JieM}'aH, BaJITep OKC, Can:eM Yaxec, Mop:uc III:ncp H 3JITOH T:nrneu. ):(xcOH Xonceu c,u;ena.JI aecLMa none3HLie 3aMeqauu np:u pa3pa6oTKe MaKpOSKOHOMuqecKo'H c:ncTeMhi. 3nau ren6 H .D,>KeAMC XaucOH (peueH3eHTLI), l-13a6enL repe_po, IIapBe3 XacaH H KocTac MHXaJIOD}'JIOC c,n;emur.a none3HLie 3aMeqauu.sr. Ta~mpa KauTepMaH OTaeqana 3a Texu:nqecKYIO no,u;roTOBKY oTqeTa.  BARIDTH~E3KBHBAREH~ BARID1HA11 E,QHHHUA - PY6Rb BanJOTHIIIIi xypc 1 1992 .HuaapL 121 <J>espan:L 121 MapT 139 AnpenL 139 MaA 139 HIOHL 139 HIOJIL 159 ABryCT 182 CeuTg6pL 232 0KT.sr6pb 339 Ho.sr6pL 452 .IJ;eKa6pL 452 1993 .HuaapL 600 <i>eBpaJIL 715 MapT 778 Anpenh 878 MaA 1156 HIOHL 1141 1 Konen; nepuo,~~;a, KYPC npo.u;aJKH HCTOtiHHK: Hau;uona.n:LnLm 6auK suewne3KOHOMHtiecKoA ,u;e.KTeJILHOCTH Y36eKHCTaua  COKP AIUEHIUI ABP - A3HaTcKHA 6aHK pa3BHTIDI BBII - BaJiosoA BlfYTpeHHI1~~ npO,DyKT Bh1l - BaJiosoA uau;HoHaJILHLm npo,IzyKT B03 - BceMHPHaH opraHH3au;IDI 3,u;paaooxpaueuru~ r-7 - fpynna ceMH rKH - fOCKOMH~eCTBO fOCKOMnpOn103CTaT - focy,u;apCTBeHHLifi KOMHTeT DO npOn103HpOBaHHIO J.I CTaTHCTHKe EEPP - EaponeAcKHff 6auK peKoHcTpyKD;HH H pa3BHTHK EC - EaponeffcKoe coo6~ecTBO MOU - lfH,u;eKC ODTOBLDC IJ;eH HHU - Hu,u;eKc noTpe6HTeJILCKHX u;eu MEPP - Me)K,DyHapo,u;uLm 6aHK peKOHCTPYKUHH H pa3BHTIDI MB<I> - MeJK,IJYHapo,u;uLm aa.n:IOTHbm cpou,u; MB3C - MHHJ.lCTepCTBO BHeWHe3KOHOMHqecKHX CB.sl3eff M<l>K - l\fe)K,IzyHapO,D;Hrul QHHaHCOBasl KOpnopan;IDI H,II.C - HaJIOr Ha ,u;o6aBJieHHYIO CTOHMOCTb 03I1 - Ou;eHKa 3KOJiomqecKHx nocJie,u;CTBHff 03CP - OpraHH3au;IDI 3KOHOMuqecKoro coTpy,u;uuqecTBa H pa3BHTIDI TIE - llJiaTe:>KHLrH 6aJiaHC IIHH - Ilp.KMLie HHOCTpaHHLie HHBeCTHIJ;HH II POOH - IlporpaMMa pa3BHTIDI OOH CAHHHPH - Cpe,u;uea3HaTcKH8 uayqHo-uccJie,u;oaaTeJILCKHA HHCTHTYT uppurau;HH C3 - C.nyx6a 3aHXTOCTE <1>3 - <l>OH.u; 3aWITOCTH UEP - UeHTpaJILHLm 6aHK PoccHH UEY - UeHTpaJILHLm 6aHK Y36eKHCTaua qMrr - qHCTLifi MaTepHaJILllbiH npO,IzyKT IOHHCE<l> - <l>ou,u; noMo~H ,u;eTJIM OOH IOHEII - IIporpaMMa oKpy}Karo~eff cpe,IU3I OOH Y36EKHCTAH:OCHOBH~ECBE~EHHH BHn ua ,uymy uaceneHIDI B ,n;onn. CiliA ( 1992) 860 1 06JIU~e ,D;aHHLie fiJIO~a,JI;b ( TLIC. KB. KM) 447 Haceneuee (1991, MJIH) 21,7 Kos<Pcl>u~ueHT npupocTa ( 1980-1992, %%) 2,6 ITnoTHOCTL uaceneuiDI (1991, na KB. KM) 49 Coc;uanLHLie uu,u;uKaTOPLI 06~HH KOScPcP~i~HeHT pOJK,JJ;aeMOCTH (%) 3,5 06w;HA KOScPcPH~HeHT CMepTHOCTH (%) 0,6 3,u;pEmOOXpaHeHHe Koscl>ci>H~HeHT ,o;eTcKoA cMepTHOCTH (1991, Ha 1000 XHBOpOJK,JJ;eHHLIX) 35,5 HaceneuHe ua o,o;uoro spaqa (1990) 297 OXH,D;aeMru~ npo,o;oJIXHTeJILHOCTL .xrn3HH 69,5 BaJIOBOA BJIYTpeHHHH npO,IzyKT (MJip,o; py6., B TeKYIUHX c;euax) 1990 1991 1992 BBIT no ~enaM pLmKa 32,4 61,5 416,9 YposeHL peanLnoro npupocTa (%) 1,6 -0,5 -9,6 06~ee noTpe6neuue 28,1 48,9 lloTpe6neuee B qacTHOM ceKTope 19,9 37,3 IToTpe6neuue B rocceKTope 8,2 11,7 BanoBLie auyrpeuuue KanHTaJIOBJIO.>KeHIDI 10,4 15,8 PecypcnLm 6aJianc -6,1 -3,3 ITpOH3BO,o;cTBO no ceKTopaM (Mnp,n; py6.) 1991 1992 CenLCKoe X03.KHCTBO 22,1 149_5 llpOMLDllJieHHOCTL 17,3 119 CTpOHTeJILCTBO 5,4 54,4 06cny.»rnaauue 16,7 94 HToro 61,5 416,9 rocy,u;apCTBeHHLW 6ro.L\}KeT (MJip,D; py6.) 1990 1991 1992 Bcero noczynneHHA 14,6 28 142,7 Coro3HLie Tpauccl>epTLI 6,3 12 0 Bcero pacxo.u;oa 14,9 31,1 188,4 06~HA ·6anauc -0,3 -3,1 -45,7 UeHLI 1991 1992 Hn,u;eKc p03HHliHLIX n;eu (ro,o;osoe H3Meneuue B npoc;.) 83 79fil liH,D;eKC ODTOBLIX D;eH (rO,D;OBOe H3MeHeHHe B npoc;.) 147 'ZJf:JP HCT011BHJC! rocKOMIJPOrB03CT8T H paC11CThl COTPY~HKOB BaaKa. 1/ fipCAB8PHTCJibB8Jl O~CBKa, DO,wiC)KHT yt'O'IBCBHJO. 2/ C ~eKa6p• DO ,ll;CKaCSpb.  Y3BEKHCTAH nnAH3KOHOMHqECKHXPE~PM COJlEPiKAHHE KPATKOE H3JIO}I{EHHE ..•...............•.•..•...•. o o • o o •• o •• o ••••••••••••••• o i PUAeJI 1: HEOBXO,IJ;HMOCTb PE<I>OPM H CP~HECPO'IHbiE DEPCDEKTHBhl rJiasa 1: HacneAUe npownoro • o • • • o o • o o • • o o • • o • o o o • • o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o • 1 rnasa 2: Heo6XOAHMOCTL B pecpopMax ~ 0 11 0 0 •••• 0 0 • 0 •••••••••••••••••• 0 • • • • rnasa 3: MaKpOSKOHOMH'IeCK8Jl DOJIHTHKa B nporpaMMa pec~Kl:PM ••••••••••••••• %7 rnana 4: Buewuee ci>HHaHCBPOBaHBe 0 0.45 0 • 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 P13,JJ;eJI 2: DPOrPAMMA CfPYKTYPHbiX PE<OOPM rnasa 5: YnpaBJieHHe peci>OPMOI •• 55 0 • 0 •••••••• 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 •••••••••••• rnasa 6: Pecl>opMa rocy,u;apCTseuuLIX npe,u;npiDlTHI n pa:tsRTRe 'laCTHoro ceKTOpa ••• 63 rJiaaa 7: cl»HHaHCOBLIA ceKTOP •••••••••• 87 o •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• rnasa 8: CHCTeMa COD;HaJILHOA 38.11lHTLI ••••• 103 0 0 0 0 • 0 • 0 0 ••••• 0 • 0 ••••••••••• DPOrPAMMA CEKTOPHbiX PE<I»OPM rnasa 9: CeJILCKOe X03.HICTBO 0 • • • • • • • • • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 123 rnasa 10: SHepremKa • 0 ••• 0 0 • 0 • 0 0 • 0 ••••• 0 0 • 0 •••• 0 ••••••••••••••••• 149 rnaoa 11: ropuo,u;o6LIBai0~8J[ npoMLDDJieHHocn. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 169 rnasa 12: DpoH3BO,o;CTseuuu HHcppaCTPYKTYPa: TPaHCDOPT B Tellexo~ •• 183 rnasa 13: 3,u;pasooxpaueHBe, o6pa30BaHRe n npoct»eccuoaam.nu DOJU'OTOBD ••••• 201 rnasa 14: OKpYJICaiOII(lUI cpe,u;a • 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 •• 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 233 npBJIO:XC:eHBe 1: flpasHTeJILCTBO Y36eKHCTaHa: opraHB3UUIOBBU CTP)'XT)'PI •••• 0. 245 ilpBJio:xc:eHBe 2: BonpocLI, KacwUUJecg npOMidllllleHHoro ceJtTOpa ••••••••••••• 249 OpBJioJKeuue 3: Dpo6neMLI Apam.cKoro MOPSI •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 261 CTATHCTHl{ECKOE DPHJIO}I{EHHE ••• o •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 261 .. rnoccapHA o • • o o •••• o • o o ••••••••••••••••••••• o o o • o o o o •••••••••••• 323 :SH6JIHOrpaci»U • o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o • • • • • • o o • • o o o • o • • • o o • • o • • o • o • 3'Z'/ - Ta6nnubi Ta6nH:u;a 1.1 ITpOH3BO,n;cTBO MHnepanLHLIX H suepreTHtJecKHx pecypcoB o o o o o . o ..... o . o .. 5 0 • • • • • Ta6nu:u;a 1.2 OcnOBHbie MaKposKOHOMHllecme noKa3aTenu 3a 1988-1991 ITo .. o o o o o o . 7 0 • • • • • • • • Ta6nu:u;a 1o3 CTpYJCTYpa 3allj{TOCTH ••••••••••••••••• o • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Ta6nu:u;a 1o4 CTpyxTypa npOH3BO,D;CTBa H pacxo,n;ou • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8 Ta6nu:u;a 2o1 ITa,u;euue o6'LeMa npOH3BO,D;CTBa B CTpauax 6hmmero CCCP • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 14 Ta6nu:u;a 2o2 MaKpO::JKOHOMH'IecKHe nOKa3aTenu, 1992 r. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , , • • • • • • • • • • • 15 Ta6nuua 2o3 .II.nnaMHKa u;eu B 1992 r. no MeC51UaM • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • 16 Ta6nu~a 2o4 rocy,n;apCTBeHHbie ,D;OXO,D;bl H paCXO,D;bl • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 17 Ta6nu:u;a 2o5 .IJ.eHeJKHbie nOKa3aTCJIH, 1992 r. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 20 Ta6nHn;a 2o6 CTPYKTYPa BHemuen TOprOBJIH, 1992 r. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 24 Ta6nuu;a 2o7 fiJiaTeXHbiB 6anaHC, 1992 r. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 25 Ta6nuu;a 3o1 rrocne,n;oBaTeJibHOcTL KnrotJeBLIX CTPYKTYPHLIX u oTpacneBLIX pe<J>opM ••.•••• 35 0 • • • • • Ta6nuu;a 3o2 MaKpO::JKOHOMHqecKHB npOrH03 no OCHOBHbiM noKa3aTeJI51M. Cu;euapHB pe<J>opM • • • • • • 37 Ta6nu:u;a 3o3 MaKpO::JKOHOMHlleCKHA npOrH03 no OCHOBHLIM DOKa3aTeJI51M. 11aCCHBHLm c:u;euapHH • • • 40 Ta6nu:u;a 4ol CTPYKTYPa 6anauca pecypcos ••••••••••••••••••••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 45 Ta6nnu;a 4o2 Cpe,u;HecpOtJHLie npOrH03LC nOTpe6HOCTH BO BHeWHeM <J>HHaHCHpOBaHHH no c:u;euap:mo npose,n;enH51 pe<J>opM ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 46 0 • • • Ta6nu:u;a 4o3 Cpe,IUiecpOlJHLie npOrH03bC nOTpe6HOCTII BO BHeWH6M <J>HHaHCHPOBaHHH no cu;euapuro pect>opM • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 47 Ta6JIH:u;a 4o4 Cpe,n;HeCpOtJHLie llpOrH03LC nOTpe6HOCTH BO BHeWHeM <J>HHaHCHpOBaHHH 110 naCCHBHOMY c:u;euapHIO •••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 51 Ta6nu:u;a 4o5 fiJiaTeJK:eCnOC06HOCTb •••••••••••• o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ., 51 ••••••••••••••••••••• Ta6nu:u;a 6.1 ITpOMbnnneuuag CTpYJCTYpa Y36eKHcTaua s 1991 r •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 64 Ta6nu:u;a 6o2 fipHBaTH3auiDI B Y36eKHCTaue (ua HIOJib 1993 r.) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 79 Ta6nu:u;a 7.1 ~eHeJICHbie nOKa3aTeJIH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 88 Ta6nu:u;a 8o1 Pacnpe,n;eneuue ,n;oxo,n;os 1989-1992 rr. . ............. o .....•....•...•..•. 104 Ta6nuu;a 8o2 .II;HHaMHKa 3apa6omoA nnaTLI. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 110 Ta6JIHI:(a 8o3 CTpfKTYpa ,n;oxo,n;os H pacxo,n;os, 1991-1992 IT•••••••••••••••••••••• 111 0 • • • • • • • Ta6nu:u;a 8.4 .IJ;HHaMHKa DOTpe6JieHH51 npO,D;OBOJILCTBeHHbiX TOBapOB, 1990-1992 IT. • • • • • • • • • • • • 112 Ta6nuu;a 8o5 DIO,Il;)l{eTHLie paCXO,IU»I Ha OT,D;eJILHLie cy6CH,IUJH, 1991-92 rr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Ta6nH:u;a 8o6 PacXO,D;bl Ha COU:HaJiblfYIO 3a~HTY, 1990-1992 IT. • •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 114 Ta6nn:u;a 8o 7 Yposuu cou;nanLHLIX 3aTpaT: Y36emCTaH H CTPaHLI 03CP o •.................•• 116 Ta6nu:u;a 9o1 COOTHOWeHHe PLWOi.JHLIX H rocy,n;apCTBeHHLIX D;eH, 1989-1992 IT. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 131 Ta6nu:u;a 9o2 CuH)I{eHHe ,n;oxo,n;HOCTH npOH3BO,D;CTBa OT,n;enLHLIX cenLCKOX03.fi~CTBeHHbiX npo,n;y:KTOB • 133 Ta6nu:u;a 9o3 COOTHOWeHHe BuyTpeHHHX H MHPOBLIX :u;eH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 134 Ta6nu:u;a 9o4 HcnOJIL30BaHHe pecypcOB B CeJILCKOM X03.SIBCTBe H npe,IJ;OCTaBJij[eMLie eMY cy6CHAOH • • 135 Ta6Jm:u;a 9o5 Hanoroo6noxeuue (-) cenLCKOX031[BCTBeuoro npOH3BO,D;CTBa, 1992 r. • • • • • • • • • • • • 135 Ta6nu:u;a 9.6 Pacxo,n;LI ua pa3BHTHe H pacwupeuue opowaeMLIX nno~a.n;ee • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 139 Ta6nu:u;a 9.7 fiOTpe6neHHe BO,D;LI KpynHeHWHMH pemOHaMH B 1991 r. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 140 Ta<SnH:u;a 10.1 SuepreTH'IecKHA 6anauc • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 150 Ta6nu:u;a 10.2 06~ee KOHe'lnoe noTpe6neuue pecypcos B Y36eKHcTaue ••••••••••••••••••••• 151 Ta6nu:u;a 10.3 Ilporno3HpyeMoe BuyTpeuuee noTpe6neuue suepropecypcos • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 152 Ta6JIH:u;a 10.4 ToproBJI.SI DPHPOAHLIM ra30M B Y36eKHCTaHe • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 152 Ta6nu:u;a 10.5 IJ;eHLI Ha 3HeproHOCHTeJIH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 158 Ta6nu:u;a 10.6 ITepcneKTHBLI suepreTHKH Y36eKHCTana -- c:u;euapuA A ..............••.....•. 162 Ta6nuu;a 10.7 ITepcneKTHBLI suepreTHKM Y36~JGICTaHa -- cu;euapuA :S • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 163 Ta6nu~a 13.1 113MeHeHIDI B DOTpe6JieHHH npO~OB DHTaHHJI (cpe.~UJe,IO'IIIeBLie DOita3aTeJIH) ••••• 202 Ta6nu:u;a 13.2 HCToquuKH <PnnaucuposauiDI ycnyr 3.IUJaBOoxpaueuu • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 207 Ta6nu~a 13.3 CTpyKTYpa 3,u;pasooxpaueniDI • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 207 Ta6nu~a 13.4 PacXO,JJ;bl ua COD;HaJILHYIO H K)'JILTYPHYIO cct>epLI H COIUiaJILHYIO 3aunrfy • o •••••••• • 208 Ta6nu~a 13.5 CTpyKzypa pacxo,u;os ua 3,u;paaooxpaueHHe • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 208 Ta6nu~a 14.1 Bu,IUai cenLCKOX03XACTBeHHE!X K)'JILT)'p, BLip~saeMLIX ua opowaeMLIX 3eMJI.SIX B 6LmWeM CoseTCKOM COI030 H HOBLIX HOBLIX pecny6JIBKa1,, 1987 r. . . . . . . . 234 PHCVHKH PHCYHOK 2.1 MeJKpecny6nuKaHcKH~ 3KcnopT, 1990 r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 PHCYHOK 2.2 MeJKpecny6JIHKaHCKHA HMDOpT, 1'390 r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 PHC}'HOK 2.3 BuewiDUI ToproaJI.si. Cpe,u;cTBa nnaTe:xca, 1992 r. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 23 PHCYHOK 4.1 nnaTe.>KHLm 6anauc H 6ro,D;JKeTHLm p;ecllu~ no c~euapHIO pe<PopM • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 48 PHCYHOK 8.1 CTpyKTYpa 3aHXTOCTH B 1991 r. • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 105 PHCYHOK 8.2 3aHXTOCTL nO OTpaCJI.siM, 1990 r. . ...................... o •. • • • • • •106• • • • • • • • PHCYHOK 8.3 3aHXTOCTL B CeJILCKOM X03XffCTBe, 1990 r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 PHcy-noK 9.1 Cpe,u;IDIX HOpMa OCa)l;KOB B MeC.si~, 1986-1992 rr. . ................ o •126• • • • • • • • PucyuoK 9.2 llOCeBHLie nJIOlll;a,u;JI • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 126 PHCYHOK 9.3 YpoJKaAuocTL • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 126 PHCyHOK 9.4 CeJILCKOX03XACTseuuoe npoH3HO,D;CTBO • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • • 126 PHCYHOK 10.1 IIepcneKTHBLI pa3BHTml HecPTJIHOA npoMLDUJienuoCTH B Y36enCTaue • • • • • • • • • • • • 164 PHCYHOK 10.2 llepcneKTHB:bi pa3BHTHJI ra30BOA npOMLIIDJieunoCTH B Y3CSemCTaue • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 164 Bpe3KH Bpe3Ka 2.1 HanuquLre py6nu no cpasueuuro c Kpe.u;HTHLIMH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 21 Bpe3Ka 5.1 KoucTHT}'IUUI Y36eKHcTana: pacnpe,u;eneuue BJiaCTH ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 57 Bpe3Ka 6.1 TosapnLre 6HpJKH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 7 4 Bpe3Ka 6.2 HLmewuee cocTO.SIHHe npusaTH3~HH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 76 Bpe3Ka 6.3 Apeu,u;a KaK cna6a.sr <PopMa npusaTH3auHH •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 81 Bpe3Ka 6.4 llepBbW ODbiT pa60Tbl C BayqepaMH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 82 Bpe3Ka 7.1 C~ecTByro~a.sr Q>uuaucosa.sr CHCTeMa • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • 89 Bpe3Ka 8.1 CTaTHCTHKa 3arurrocTH H 6e3pa6oTH~I ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 107 Bpe3Ka 8.2 llOJIHTHKa CO~HaJILHOA 3alll;HTLI ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ." • • • • 108 Bpe3Ka 9.1 CenLCKOX03XACTBeHHLIA ceKTop • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 124 Bpe3Ka 9.2 BOAHOe X03XACTBO • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 139 Bpe3Ka 9.3 Opoweuue • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 142 Bpe3Ka 9.4 CeJILCKOX03XACTseuua.sr pe<PopMa B KHTae • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 145 Bpe3Ka 10.1 TexuuqecKax JIOMO~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 168 Bpe3Ka 11.1 30JIOTO,D;06bl'la Ha MeCTOpO>K,D;eHHH "MypeHTay" • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 170 Bpe3Ka 11.2 ,no6LI'Ia Me.u;u a Y36eKHCTaue • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 171 BpesKa 11.3 ,no6LI'Ia CBHH~a H ~HHKa B Y 36eKHCTaHe • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 172 Bpe3Ka 11.4 .]:\06bNa yrJI.si B Y36eKHCTaHe • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 172 Bpe3Ka 11.5 UeHLI H BLI,D;eneuue sanroTHLIX cpe,u;crs ua MHHepaJIWJYIO npO.DYJCIUIIO • • • • • • • • • • • • 173 Bpe3Ka 11.6 reonoropa3Be,u;Ka: KJIIOq K pa3BHTHIO HIWCTPHH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 174 Bpe3Ka 12.1 Texunt~ecKax nOMOI.Uh e o6yqeuee nepcoua.rra . . . . . . . . • . . . • • . . . . . . • . . • • . . . . . 190 Bpe3Ka 12.2 11HCTH~HOHa.JibHa51 CTp}'KTYpa . . • . . . . . . . . • • . . . . • . . . . • • . . • . . . • . . . . • • . . . 193 Bpe3Ka 12.3 CYJ.QeCTBYJOI.Urul CTpyxzypa ycnyr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . • • . . . . . . • . . . . • . • • . • 194 Bpe3Ka 12.4 OnbiT cTpau c ara.rromt~HbiMH ecToput~ecKHMH ycJIOBIDIMH .••..• ". . . • . • • • . . . • . . • 196 Bpe3Ka 12.5 Texuet~ecKax noMOI.Uh • • • • . . . . . • . . . . • . • . . • . . . • . . • • • . . . . • • • • • . . • • • . . • • 200 Bpe3Ka 13.1 AeMorpa¢ut~ecKHe ~aHHbie • . • • • . . . . • • • • • • . • . • • . . . . • • • • • • • . • • • • • . . • • • . . 201 Bpe3Ka 13.2 3a6oJiesaeMocn: pacnpoCTpaueuue 6oJie3ueA no ro,IJ;aM corJiacuo ,IJ;aHHbiM yqpeJK,D;eHHA s,~~;pasooxpaueHIDI, 1991 r. . . . • • • . . • . • • . • . • • • . • • . . • • • • . • • • • • • 202 Bpe3Ka 13.3 OxsaT ,IJ;eTeA npHBHBKaMH • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • • . • . . . • • • • • • • . • • • • • • 204 Bpe3Ka 13.4 <l>apManeaTnt~ecKHe npe,IUipiDITIDI Y36eKHcTaua •.••.••••••••.•••••••••.••..• 205 Bpe3Ka 13.5 OpraHH3aniDI, uu<jlpacTPYKTYPa H nepcouaJI •••.•..••.•..••.•••••••.•..•••• 210 Bpe3Ka 13.6 CpasueuHe c noKa3aTeiDIMJ.I 3,IJ;pasooxpaHeHIDI B ,~~;pymx CTpauax • • • • • • . • • • • • • • . • 211 Bpe3Ka 13.7 CncTeMa o6pa30BaHIDI • • • • • • • . . • • . . • . . • . . • . • • • . • . • • • • . • • • • • • • . . • • • . • • 218 Bpe3Ka 13.8 HosLm 3aKOH o6 o6paJOBaHHH . . • • • • . . . • . . . . . • . • • . . . • • • . • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • 219 Bpe3Ka 13.9 CeCTaMa yqe6HbiX 3ase.u;eueA . • • • • . . • • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • 222 Bpe3Ka 13.10 BuewKOJihHOe o6paJosauee • • . . • • • • . • • • • . • • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • . • • • • • • 224 Bpe3Ka 13.11 CTOHMOCTb o6pa30BaHIDI H ero cPHHaHCHpOBaHHe . . . . . . . . • • • . • • • • • • • • • • . • . • . . 225 Bpe3Ka 14.1 3KOJIOI'HtieCKHe np06JieMbi: yxy,IJ;WeHHe KalieCTBa 3eMJIH • . • • • • • • • . • • • • . • • • • • • • 235 Bpe3Ka 14.2 llpo6JieMbi oKpy)KaiOI.UeA cpe,IJ;LI: 3arpg3ueuue BO,D;bi • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • . . • . • • • • • 237 Bpe3Ka 14.3 TeK}'l.Une MeponpHgTIDI: nOJIO)KeHHe ,IJ;eJI ua cero,~~;ugwnHA ,IJ;eHL . . . • • • • • . . . • • • . • 239  KPATKOE H3nO)KEHHE OBIUHE CBE)lEHHSI 1. Y36eKHCTaH pacnono}KeH ua 3HaMeHBTOM B ,IQ)eBHOCTH BeJIHK.oM meJIKOBOM nym H3 EsponLI Ha .naJILHHA BOCTOK. 3-ra cpe,tUJea3H8TCKasl CTpaua He HMeeT BLIXO,D;a K MOpiO. TeppBTOPIUI Y36eKHCTaHa -- 447 TLICJI'I KB. KM. flO"'TH 3/5 TeppHTOpHH -- CTeiiL, nyCTLIHH H DOnynyCTLIHH, OCT8JILHa.K ee ~aCTL -- DJIO,D;OpO,lUILie ,u;onuuLI s,u;om, ,u;syx rnasHLIX peK -- AMy,u;apb.K H C&Ip,u;ap:LSt. Y36eKHCTaH -- uau6onee uaceneHH&H H3 'leTblpex cpe,u;nea3HaTCKHX pecny6nHK. no KOnH'IeCTBY uaceneHIUI ou CTOBT ua Tpen.eM MeCTe cpe,u;u 6b1BWHX pecny6JIHK CoseTcKoro Co103a (npuMepuo "1 npo~eHToB uaceneHIUI CCCP). H3 o6mero HaCe.lieHIUI B 21 MH.1I1IHOH 'le.liOBeK 60 DpO~eHTOB JKHByT B Ce.libCKOH MeCTHOCTH, OKOJIO DO.liOBHHbl HaceJieHIUI -- mo,u;u B B03paCTe ue CTapme 19 neT. no H~HOHaJILHOMY coCTasy 6oJILmax 'laCTb uaceneum~ -- y36eKH •t oKono 71 npoueHTa). 2. Y 36eKHCTaH -- KpyDHLIA DpOH3BO,D;HTeJIL CeJILCKOX03.K:ACTBeHHOA npO,JJyKI.J;HH, KOTOpa.K B 1990 r. COCTaBH.lia 39 npo~eHTOB ero 'IHCTOro MaTepHaJILHOI'O npO,uyKTa (qMn). rnasHOfl ceJibCKOXO:ulfiCTBeHHOA: K}'JILT}'pO:A .KBJIJieTCJI XJIODOK, COCraBJU[IOJ.IUifl 40 npo~eHTOB o6~e:A CTOHMOCTH cenLCKOX03JIACTBeHHOA npo~. Y36emCTau 3aHHMaeT 'leTsepToe MeCTo B Mope no npon3BOACTBY xnonKa u TpeTLe no ero 3KCDOPTY· Y36eKHCTau TaJOKe .K.BruleTcx Kpynue:AwuM npOH3BO,u;HTeneM cppyrros u osomeA B 6LmmeM CCCP. 3a DOC.lle,D;Ime ro,D;bl cenbCKOX03JifiCTBeHHOe DpOH3SO,D;CTBO 6LICTpO pOC.liO 3a C'leT paCWHpeHIUI DO.liHBHOro 3eMne,u;eniUI H COKpameHIUI . 06'beMa ApanbCKOI'O MOp.K, 'ITO npHBe.liO K cep&e3HLIM 3KO.liOI'If'leCKHM npo6neMaM. 3. flpOMLnD.lieHHOe DPOH3BO,D;CTBO (33 npo~eHTa qMfl) OCHOBaHO B OCHOBHOM Ha nepepaC50TKe CeJibCKOX03JIACTBEIBHOro CLij)LSl. fipO,IzyKIUIJI Jiei'KOfl npOMLDD.lieHHOCTH (BK1110'18JI XJIOII'IaTo-6YMaxcHYIO) coCTasuna B 1990 r. 39 npo~eHTOB o6~ero o6'heMa npOH3BO,D;CTBa. nepepa6oTKa cenbCKOX03JIACTBeHHbiX DpO,DyKTOB -- 13 DpO~eHTOB,. TJI}Ke.liaJI DpOMbWI.lieHHOCTb -- 41 npou;eHT. 0CTaJILHOe DPHXO,u;HTCJI Ha TODJIHBHQ-3HepreTH11eCKHA KOMD.lieKC. MawHHOCTpOBTeJILHaJI OTpaCJIL TeCHO CWI3aHa C DPOB3BOACTBOM ceJILCKOX03JIACTBeHHOI'O H TeKCTHJILBOI'O o6opy.u;OB8HIUI, a TaJOKe C DpOH3BO,D;CTBOM XHMH'IeCKBX y.u;o6peHHA. 4. Y 36eKHCTaH C5oraT npupo,u;HLIMH pecypcaMH -- 3onoTo, ue4>TL, ru, yroJIL, cepe6pop Me.u;L. Orpaua 38HHMaeT. Ce.u;LMOe MeCTO B MHpe DO DPOH3BO,D;CTBY 30JIOTa, TpeTLe MeCTO DO DPOH3BO,D;CTBY npupo,u;noro ra3a B CTpauax C5LIBmero CCCP H BXOABT B ,u;ec.KTKY Kpynue:Awux SKcnopTepos 1'838 B MHpe. CTpaua npOH3BOABT OKO.liO 65 TOHH 30.1IOT8 B ro,u;, 'ITO COCTaBJIJieT npHMepHO 1/3 o()~ero npOH3BO.D;CTBa 30.1IOTa B CCCP. B 1992 r. Y36eKHCTaH npOH3Ben 42,8. Mnp.u; K)'6H11eCKHX MeTpOB npupo,u;uoro ra38, B OCHOBHOM ,u;m1 C5LITOBOro ynoTpeC5nenm~. 3Kcnopm&m noTeRIUian B STOff o6nacm 3Ha'IHTeneu. B 1992 r. pecny6JIHKa Tauce DPOH3Bena 3,3 MnH TOHH Hecl>TH. S'rOT 06'LeM C5y.u;eT DQ-BH.u;HMOMY 3Ha'IHTe.1IbHO npeBLillleH B 6y,Dyi.UeM R CBJ13H C OTKpLITHeM H npe,u;CTOJI~e:A 3KCDJIY8T~efl ,D;Byx HOBbiX Hecl>T.KHbiX MeCTOPO}K,D;eHB:A. HeCMOTp.K Ha TaKOA noTeH:uHan, Y36eKHCTaH - o,u;ua H3 C5e,u;ueAmux CTpau C5Lmmero CCCP, ,u;oxo,u; ua ,uymy uacenenm1 KOTOpOA COCTaBH.li B 1992 r. DO npe,u;BapHTe.liLHLIM Oil;eHKaM 860 ,u;onnapos. COBPEMEHHOE nonO:>KEHHE 5. fiocne pacna,u;a CoBeTCKOro COI038 Y36eKHCTaH HCDLITLIBaeT TaKHe }Ke TPYAHOCTH, 'ITO H ,lij)yme pecny6.1IHKH: He34>4>eKTHBHOCTL DpOH3BO,D;CTBa, Pa3B8JI D;eHTpaJILHOro DllaHHpOBaHHJI, Me}Kpecny6nHKaHCKOA TOPI"OBJIH B D.liaTemiLIX MeXaHH3MOB, BLICOKa.K CTeDeHL MOHODOJIH3~ pbiHKa, na,u;eHHe npOH3BO,D;CTB8, HCK}'CCTBeHHO C.D;ep}KHBaeMU HH4>.1IJ1Inf.K H npeKp~eHHe 3H8'1BTeJILHLIX 6IO.u;>KeTHLIX UOCTYfiJieHHA OT cOI03HOro npasBTeJILCTBa. nepe,u; CTpauoA BCTanH TaJOKe ,u;se cneJUJ4>JAecKHe npo<SneMLI. Bo-nepsLIX, Da,D;eHHe MHpOBLIX UeH Ha ,u;Ba OCHOBHLIX BH,D;a DPOH3BO.u;HMOA ee DPO,IO'JCUMH: X.."IODOK H 30.1IOTO. Bo-BTOpbiX, llpaBBTeJILCTBO Y36eKHCTaHa BLIHYJIQJ;eHO C5LUIO OCyJ.QeCTB.liJITL ynpaBJieHHe 3KOHOMHKOA Ha YC.liOBJUIX, B OCHOBBOM onpeAeJI.KeMLIX B POCCHH. BLmO DPHWITO pemeHHe 0 npOBeAeHHH OmOCHTeJILHO OCTOPOmiOro H DOJIOBHIAaTOI'O KfpCa Ha pecl>opMLI, BO BCgKOM CJI}"Iae, BIDOftt1f,O p83pa60TKH 11eTKOfl nporpaMMLI pe4>opM.  - ii- B CWI3H C 3THM npaBHTeJibCTBO Bbl)l;BHHYJIO HeCKOJILKO HOBLIX HHHD;HaTHB. B 1992-1993 IT. 6LIJia BBe,D;eH& llaCTHllmUI JIUOepa.JHI3aD;IDI D;eH, C03,ll;aH e,n;HHLdi Ba.JIIOTHLm pLmOK, BBe,D;eHbi HOBLie Ha.JIOm H ,D;O JmBapJI 1994 ro.n;a OTMeHeHO 60JILWHHCTBO HMnOpTHbiX TapH¢lOB. TaiOKe 6LIJIO CWITO cj>HKCHpOBaHHe ~eB H& llpO.IzyKTbl nHTaHIDI, 3a HCKJIIOtieHUeM XJie6a H MYKJI, H 3HaliHTeJILHO DOBLnDeHLI ~eHLI Ha 3Hepi'OHOCHTeJIH AID~ npOMbllliJieHHOrO nOTpe6neHJUI. BbiJIH npusaTH3HpOBaHLI Memrne Mara3HHLI H }KHJXHIIUILIA ¢lORA, npHH.SIThl HOBbie 3aKOHO,D;aTeJihHLie aKThl no 6aHKaM, C06CTBeHHOCTH H HHOCTpaHHLIM HHBeCTH~. 6. Heua,n;e.)KHOCTh n ue.n;ocTaTOtiH&m o6'LeM ,u;auHLIX cepLe3HO orpauH'l.IHBaiOT B03MO.>KIIOCTH aH8JD13a a paMKax HacTox~ero ,n;oKJia,o;a - nepsoro no Y36eKHCTauy. B CBX3H c 3THM see paclleTHLie Ini4>PW 3KOHOMHtieCKHX UH,ll;HKaTOpOB CJie,IzyeT CtiHTaTL BpeMeHHbiMH. 7. 3KOHOMHtieCirne noKa3aTeJIH ( C TOtiKH 3peHIDI 06'LeMa npOH3BO,IJ;CTBa H HHBeCTH~H) B 1992 r., xoTx H 6LmH uecKOJILKO nyqrne, tieM y ,u;pymx 6Lmmux pecny6JIHK CCCP, see JKe cs~eTeJILCTBOBaJIH o B 1992 r. pea.JILHLIH BBn CHH3HJICJI no'l.ITH aa 10 3Ha'l.IHTeJILHOM cna,o;e SKOHOMH'llecKo:H rucrHBHOCTH. npou;enTOB, no cpasueu:mo co cuiDKenueM ua 0,5 npo~eHTa B 1991 r. YposHH noTpe6neHHJI H KanHTaJIOBJIO)KeHHR TaK)I{e nOCTpa,D;aJIH. Pea.JILHLie KallHTaJIOBJIOJKeHIDI CHH3HJIHCL B 1992 r. npu6JIH3HTeJILHO Ha 12 npou;eHTOB. Mu¢lnxu;ru~ onTOBLIX ~en ,u;ocmrna 2700 npo~eHTos. CoCTOJIHHe nnaTe.xrnoro 6anaHca yxy,n;rnHJIOCL ua 10 npo~eHToB. HecMOTpx ua en~ npOH3BO,D;CTBa, laHXTOCTh no~ep~HBaJiaCL Ha npe)I{HeM ypOBHe nyTeM 3HaquTeJILHOI'O CHIDKeHIDI peaJILHOH 3apa60THOA DJiaTLL Cpe,D;IL<ur peanLHaH JapnnaTa, H3MepxeMaH o6Lil.JHLIM cnoco6oM, CHH3HJiaCL ua 54 npou;eiiTa. O,u;uaKo :na ~H¢lpa 3RBblllleHa TIO cpaBHeHHIO C ¢laKTHqecKHM CHIDKeHHeM, DOCKOJILK}' OHa He Yl.JHTLmaeT "BLIII}'}K)l;eHHLie c6epe:>KeHIDI" ( qTO C03,n;aeT H36LITOK ,n;eHe.>KHOH MaCChi), HMeBliiHe MeCTO ,IJ;O JIH6epaJIH3~HH ~eo B .smsape 1992 r. 8. B 1992 r. 6ro,I:VKeTHLm ,u;eqmu;uT Y36eKHCTaHa (onpe,u;eJISieMoro B Y3KOM CMLICJie) COCTaBHJI 11 npou;euTos BBTI,a ,u;e¢mn;HT Te~ero 6anauca -- 17 npou;eHToB BBn, 'liTO ct>uumcHposanoch 3a cqeT :Ja,u;oJDKeHHOCTH B pactieTax c ueKOTOPLIMH pecny6JIHKaMH 6&mrnero CCCP, nocpe,u;CTBOM suemHHX H BHyrpeHHHX 3aHMOB H HCDOJIL30BaHIDI qaCTH BaJIIOTHLIX pe:JepBOB. B Tel.JeHHe nepBbiX Tpex KBapTaJIOB 1992 r. npaBHTeJILCTBO DbiTaJIOCb npH DOMO~H cl>HKCHpOBaHIDI u;eH H cy6CfmuH He ,D;OnyC'l"HTb POCTa BH)'TpeHHHX D;eH B TaKOM )l{e pa3Mepe, KaK 3TO npOHCXO,u;HJIO B POCCHH H B ,u;pymx 'l.laCTJIX py6JieBOH 30Hbl, O,u;HaKO B qeTBepTOM KBapTan:e pe3KOe ysenuqeuHe BHYTpeuuux ~eH ua sueprouocHTeJIH npuseno K 3Ha'l.IHTeJIIdiOMY nOBLIWeHHIO 06~er0 HH,D;eKCa u;eu. 9. no npe,u;sapuTeJILHbiM ,IJ;aHHLIM, .u;eci>H~ TOprosoro 6a.Jiauca Y36eKHCTana B Me}Kpecny6JIHKaHCKOR TOproBJie COCTaBHJI B 1992 r. npHMepHO 200 MJIH ;IJ;OJIJI., a B TOPI'OBJIO C APymMB CTpaHaMH MHpa -- 60 MJIH ,D;OJIJI. B 1992 r. npHTOK Dp$1MbiX HHOCTpaHHbiX HHBeCTH~H TOJILKO B&"'llllaJICJi. B 1992 r. 6biJIO BLI,D;eJieHO OKOJIO 380 MJIH ,D;OJIJI. Kpe,JUITOB Ha ABYCTOPOHHeA OCBOBe H Ha 3KCDOpT. 0JCOJIO 125 MJIH ,D;OJIJI. H3 3TOH CYMMLI 6LIJIO <i>aKTHt{eCKH npe,u;OCTaBJieHO. KpOMe TOro, 2 HO.H:6px 1992 r. 6biJIO no,u;nucaHO cornameHHe C Poccuee, no KOTOPOMY Ys6eKHCTaH OTKa3LIDaeTCJI OT OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH 3a CBOIO ,u;onro CTaporo suewuero ,u;onra H aKTHBOB 6Lmrnero CCCP, npuxo,u;u:awuxcJI ua pecny6JIHKY B cooTBeTCTBHB c .u;orosopoM o pacnpe,n;eneuuu suernuux ,u;oJiroB u aKTHBOB CCCP OT 4 ,u;eKa6p.H: 1991 r. !91-oT TaK Ha:JLmaeMLm "HYnesofi sapHaHT" c,u;enaeT Y36eKHCTaH 6onee Kpe.u;HTocnoco6HLIM. TIPOrPAMMA 3KOHOMHqECKOR PECOOPMhl 10. ,nrur .D;OCTIDKeHIDI u;ene:H, nOCTaBJieHHbiX npaBHTeJILCTBOM, nOTpe()yeTCJI KOMnJieKCHasiDpOrpaMM& pe¢lOpM. STH u;eJIH CJie,JzyiO~He: (1) ¢lHHaHCOBasl CTa6HJIH3~U8 (2) OCTaHOBKa cna,u;a DPOH3BOACTB& B nooLnneuue npoH3BO~HTeJILHOCTH Tpy,u;a, (3) yCTo:Hqusoe pa:JBHTHe s cpe,u;uecpoquoA nepcneKTHse, (4) connanLHrui satnHTa Hau6onee YJI3BHMLIX rpynn uaceneuu. llporpaMMa ,u;oJDK.Ha o.u;uoopeMeuuo BKJIIO'I&TL B ce6JI ynpaBJieHHe 3KOHOMHKOH Ha MaKpoyposue, CTPYKTYPHYIO nepeCTpOHK}' H OTpacJieBytO uepeCTpoAxy. TOJILKO s STOM c.rryqae MO)KeT 6&ITL o6ecne'l.leu nepexo,u; ua pLmO'!HYIO SKOHOMHK)'. Ha nepBLIX sTanax  - iii - CJie,tzyeT y,D;eJIHTb BHHMaHHe C03,D;aHHIO HHCTHT}'IJ;HOHaJILHOJl H npaBOBOJl OCHOBbi ,D;IDI DO,D;,D;ep}KKH nporpaMMLI pecl>opM. 11. H3MeHeHHe pOJIH rocynapCTBa H pa3BHTHe PbiHKa. nsiDKeHHe pecypcoB ,D;OJoKJIO peampoaan ua CHrllaJibi H CTHMyJibi, 3a,JJ;asaeMLie ypOBHeM ~eH Ha KOHicypeHTHOM pbiHKe. HOBasl pOJib rocy,D;apCTBa DO,D;pa3yMeBaeT BMeCTO ,IJ;eTaJILHOrO ynpaBJieHIDI, xaprucrepHOrO ,D;IDl KOMaH,IJ;HOff 3KOHOMHKH, o6ecnelleHBe ,D;OJDKHOrQ ypOBIDI MaKp03KOHOMHlleCKOrO PYKOBO,D;CTBa, npaBOBOff 6a3LI H peryJIHPOBaHIDI KOMMeplleCKOA ,D;e.srreJILHOCTH H qacTHOrO ceKTOpa, He06XO,JUiMOrQ ypOBWI COIJ;HaJILHbiX CJIY)K6 H 3KOHOMHqecKOA HH¢paCTpytcrypbi, a TaiOKe opraHH3~~HIO 3<l>$eKTHBHOA CHCTeMLI COIJ;HaJILHOA 3a~HTLI. 12. flepBbiM maroM Ha JIYTH K yBeJIHqeHHIO M06HJILHOCTH pecypCOB .siBJUieTC.si DOCTeneHBbiA OTKa3 OT CHCTeMLI rocy,D;apCTBeBHbiX 3aKa30B BO BCeX OTpaCJI.siX 3KOHOMHKH, a TaiOKe OT Benocpe,D;CTBeHHOI"O BMeWaTeJILCTBa rocy,u;apCTBa BO BH}'TpeHHIOIO H Me)K,IzyBapO,IUIYIO TOproBJIIO. 3TO D03BOJIHT DPHHHMaTL pemeHIDl DO Tpy,u;OBLIM pecypcaM, pacnpe,u;eneBHIO KaDHTaJia H Cblphll, npOH3BO,D;CTBY H DOTpe6neBHIO B8 OCHOBaHHH pbiBQqBL~ IJ;eH. 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Jli06bie cephe3Hbie DODbiTKH BbillOJIH.SlTh STH HOpMaTHBbl 6y,JzyT oqeHL ,IJ;OpOrOCTOXIIUIMH, noSTOMY ueo6xo,IUfMO cpoquo pa3pa6oTaTL oonee peanuCTHqHhie uopMaTHBLI no oxpaue OKpyxaroiD;eA cpe,IJ;DI, KOTOpble MOryT 6LITL pa3YMHLIMH llO 3aTpaTaM, H 3aTeM BBr.,CTH STH HOpMaTHBLI B ,D;eHCTBHe. CPEJ{HECPOtiHbltl llPOrH03 43. KpynHOMacWTa6H3Jl nporpaMMa pecpOpM HeH36eJKHO DOBJIIDieT Ha TeMIILI pOCTa B KpaTKocpoquoA nepcneKTHBe, DOCKOJILKY CeJILCKOe X03.SlRCTBO, npOMLlliiJieHHOCTL H <)>HHaHCOBbrA CeKTOp ,o;OJDKHhi 6biTb no,IJ;BeprHYTLI 3HaquTenLHOff CTPYKTYPHOA nepeCTpOAKe. Ecnu 6Lr nporpaMMa pe4>opM, npe,IJ;JiaraeMa.H B paMKax STOro OT'IeTa, 6bma uaqaTa B nepBLie MeC.SliJ,LI 1993 ro,o;a, BaJIOBOH BuyrpeHHBA npO,JzyKT B STOM ro,zy B03MOJKHO npO,IJ;OJIJKaJI 6hi COKp~aTLC.Sl, 110 MeHee 3Ha'IHTeJILHO '!eM B 1992 ro,ny - DpHMepHO Ha 6%. C60H, CB.Sl3aHHbie C nepHO,IJ;OM Kpynuofi nepeCTpOHKB B CTPYKTYPHLIX B3MeHeHHA, TaKJKe npHBe,tzyT K apeMeHHOMY, HO CYID;eCTBeHHOMY poczy 6e3pa60THIJ,LI. MaCWTa6LI 6e3pa60TBIJ,LI 6y,uyr 3aBHCeTL OT ,IJ;Byx <J>aKTopoa: TeMDOB pe<t>OpM BO BCeX CeKTOpax MaTepHaJILHOro npOH3BO,IJ;CTBa H HOBbiX B03MOXHOCTeA B 1faCTHOM CeKTOpe. Bonee Me,n;neHHbie TeMDbi peQ>OpMbl npe,o;npiUITHA H HX peCTpYJCTYpHpH3aJJ;HB 6yA)'T 03Haqan, MeHLWee KOJIHqeCTBO 6e3pa60THbiX, HO npO,D;OJIJKaiOI.IzyiOC.Sl 3aH.SITOCTL B HH3KODpO,o;yKTHBHLIX BH,D;SX ,o;exTeJILHOCTH, KOTOPLie ,IJ;OJDKHbi 6hiTb no,o;.n;epXaHbl DOCTO.SlHHbiMH cy6CH,o;HSIMH. ECJIH npaaHTeJILCTBO uaqJieT aceo6'DeMnrouzyro nporpaMMY peQ>opM B KOHI~e 1993 ro,o;a, ee nono.>KHTeJILHLm s<P<:}>eKT DO"'}'BCTByeTC.Sl TOJILKO B 1994 ro,ny. 44. IlpOrpaMMa pe<J>OpM B CeJILCKOM X03.SlRCTBe ,IJ;OJI.>KHa npO,IJ;B11 ..>C.Sl MaKCBMaJILHO tiLICTpO, DOCKOJILK)' OHa MO}KeT DPHHeCTH CaMYIO 6LICTPYI0 OT,n;aqy B OTBeT Ha H. uule CTHMYJILI. llOTeHUHaJI yBeJIH'IeHH.Sl ypoxaAHOCTH 6e3 pOcTa llOTpe6llileMLIX pecypCOB, a TaiOKe CHHJKeHHe DOTeph KaK B CaMOM CeJILCKOM X03HACTBe, TaK H B nepepa6aThillaiO~eA npOMbllliJieHHOCTH MO}KeT 6LITL peaJIH30BaH OTHOCHTeJThHO  -xi- Jienco. 0~a.KO eCJIH OTJIOJKHTL pe<JlopMbl B CeJILCKOM X03.Sii%CTBe, STO MO)KeT npHBeCTH K DOTepe speMeBR DpH BOCCTaHOBJieHliH YPOBWI npOH3BO,Jl;CTBa H noTpe6JieHIDI, tiTO COKpaTHT Oa3Y no,a;,o;epJKKH nporpaMMLl pe<JlopM. 45. Cornacuo npom03aM na 1994 r. npoH30~eT ,u;anLueffwee coKpaiUenue BBll B pe3yJILTaTe yrny6JieHrul CTPYICTYPHLIX pecpopM, ocooeHHO B npOMLDllJieHHOCTH. O~axo Ma.JHUI npH8aTH3a.J.UUI, B nepBJIO oqepe,u;L s ToproBJie H ccpepe yc.rryr, o6ecne\IHT pa6oTofi no Kpa.Aueff Mepe \laCTL mo,u;eff, KOTOpLie 6yA)'T BLic8o6o.>K,IJ;eHLI H3 npymx OTpacneff s pe3yJILTaTe CTPYKTYPHOA nepeCTpo:AKH. 0)1{HnaeTc.sl, 'ITO poCT ceKTopa ycnyr TaK)Ke \laCTH'iHO KOMDeHCHpyeT cymeCTBeHHOe CHIDKeHHe SKOHOMH\IeCKOfi aK.TH8HOCTH B npOMLiliiJieHHOCTH. 46. B KpaTKOCPOl.JHOM nnaue 8 Y 36eKHcTaue ue o~aeTc.sl H08LIX 3Ha\IHTeJILHLIX noTp.s~ceHDA B ycnosiDix ToproBJIH. Me)l{pecny6nuKancKa.s~ Topro8JI.sl, no 8Cefi su,n;HMOCTH, 8 uacTo.s~w;ee speM.sl se,IJ;eTC.sl no OoMeHHLIM IcypcaM, KOTOpLie 6JIH3KH K MHpOBLIM. B 1992 r. OTHOCHTeJILHa.sl UeHa npHpO,IJ;HOro ra38 (DO ornoweuuro K HMnopTnpyeMLIM s Y36eKHCTau TOBapaM) 6Lma ue6naronpurnoff, H s OJIH)KaAWeM 6y~eM CJie~eT O)KH,IJ;aTL onpe,IJ;eJieHHLIX ycosepWeHCT80BaHHfi B YCJIOBIDIX TOproBJIH (a TaK)Ke C~eCTBeHBOI'O ysenuqeum~ o6"LeMoB npupo,IJ;Horo ra3a, uanpaBIDleMoro ua sKcnopT). HHKaKHX HHLIX cepLe3HLIX H3Meuemm B MHPOBLIX UeHaX Ha HMnOpTHpyeMLie H 3KCDOpTHpyeMLie Y36eKHCTaHOM CLIPLe8Lie TOBapLI He npeASHAUTCJI. 47. ToproBJI.sl6e3ycnosuo cLrrpaeT pewarow;yro ponL s cpenuecpoqnLIX nepcneKTHsax Y36eKHCTaua. 3uaqeuHe TOproBJiu co CTpaHaMH 3a npenenaMH 6Lmwero CCCP B03paCTeT, O,IUiaKO ua npoT.scKemm CJie,DYIOID;HX HeCKOJILKHX JieT OJKH,D;aiOTC.sl cepLe3HLie ,IJ;e<JlHUHTLI TOpi"'BLIX OaJiaHCOB H TeK}'mHX DJiaTe::acel:. 0,IUiaKO c:wryauWI C TOprOBLIM OaJiaHCOM MO)I{eT pa,lUIKaJILHO H3MeHHTLC.sl B TeqeHHe 10 JieT 6naro,u;apJl SKcnopzy npupo~oro ra3a, ysenuqeHHIO SKcnopTa XJIOnKa, nOTeHD;HaJILHOMY SKCnOpzy 30JIOTa, a Ta.KlKO B03MO:xaiOMY ,D;OCTB)KeHHIO CaM006ecne"'eHIDI Hecj>TLIO. 48. B OTCfTC'l'BHe KOMnJieKCHO:A npOrpaMMLI pe<PopM, HeCKOJILKO OT,D;eJILHLIX H 'laCTH'!HblX pecJ>opM, KOTOpLie npaBHTeJILCT80 npe,IUJpHHHMaeT, He BLI30BYT H3MeHeHHA. TaKHe OT,D;eJILHLie MepLI Be DPHBe.u;yT K 3aMeTHOA peCTPYKTYPH3aUHH HH 0~01"0 CeKTOpa. 3Ta HeCDOCOOHOCTL nepeCTpOHTLCJI 6y,u;eT 03B8'l8TL yposeHL SKOHOMH"'eCKOfi aKTHBHOCTH, Onpe,JI;eJI.sleMLifi DOCTaBKaMH, COKp~eHHe c6epe::aceJIHA R KaDWl'aJIOBJIO::aceHHA H HeHY.>KHLie TPY.IUIOCTH Ami HaCeJieHIDI B cpe,IUiecpO'lHOM DJiaBe, KOTOPLie BLJpa3RTCJI B COKp~eHHH DOTpe6JieHIDI Ha ,1zy1lly HaCeJieHIDI He MeHLWe qeM Ha 30 npOUeHTOB K 1997 ro,Jzy. B03MO.lKHO Y36eKHCTau ue cMoJKeT no,u;.n;ep)l{aTL yposeuL noToKa Karn.rrana 1992 ro~a. TaK, ~aJKe eme 6onee BH3KHA: TeJcyw;H:A OaJiaBCOBLW ~ecPHUHT CKOpe:A BCei"' He CMOJKeT OLITL DOKpLIT, OTPa)l{a.siCL Ha HMDOpTe, DOTpe6JieHHH H BLmyCKe npO~HH. E.u;HHCTBeHHLIMH HCTOqUHKaMH <jlHHaHCHpOBaHH.sl CTauyT, B03MO::acHO, HeOOJibWHe TeXHHqecme Kpe~HTLI POCCHH, OTHOCHTeJILHO CKpOMHOe KOJIH"'eCTBO AJJyxCTOpOHHHX 3afiMOB H HCDOJIL30BaBHe Y 36eKHCTaBOM CBOHX Me.>K,tzyHapO,D;HLIX pe3epBOB. fiOTPEEHOCTH BO BHEIDHEM tllHHAHCHPOBAHHH 49. PacnoJiaru xopowBMH nepcneKTHBaMH ,JUI.sl ~oJirocpoquoro CTa6uJILHoro pa3BH'I'HJ[ uoCJie OCyw;eCTBJieHIDI npeo6pa30BaBHA, Y36eKHCTaH ~OJI)KeH Obfl'L B COCTO.siHHB 4>HHaHCHpOBaTL CBOA ~aJILBeAumit poCT 6e3 oco6LIX npo6JieM s ~oJirOcpoqnoM nnwe. HoB Teqeuue cJie,JzyiOJllHX 10 neT eM)' noTpetSyeTCJI 3HatnrreJILHU DOMOIIn» 3a Cl.JeT BHeWHei"' <jlHHaHCHpOBaBIDI. ECJIH npasHTeJILCTBO OC~eCTBHT BCe06'LeMJIIOnzyiO npOrpaMM)' pecpOpM, 0110 6y,D;eT BDOJIHe B COCTOJIHHH DOJI}"iHTD ,AOCTyii K KpaTKOCPO'IBLIM H cpe,IUiecpO'lHLIM Kpe,D;HTaM Ha ABYCTOpOBHeA H MHOroCTOpOHHe:A OCHOBe, a TaJOKe K TOPI'OBLIM KpeAJITaM. B03MOJKHOCTH cl>HBaHCHPOBaHHJI KOMMep"'eCKHMH 6aHKaMH H ,AOCTyii K Me)K)zyHapO,IUILIM PLIHKaM Kamrrall8, no sceA BlfAHMOCTH, OTKpOIOTCJI JIHWL n03,JUJee. 50. JII06Lie OUeHKH DOTpe6HOCTeA Y36eKHCTaBa BO BHeWHeM <I>HHaHCHPOBaHHH, 6e3yCJIOBHO, npe,Jij!apHTeJILHLI, H B HHX DPHC}'TCTByeT OOJILWOA 3JieMeHT Heonpe~eJieHHOCTH, DO OHH MOiyr 6LITL DOJie3HW AJI.s1 onpe~eneuru~ B03MO}I{HOfi mxaTe}Kecnoco6uoCTH CTPaHLI s nepexo,JUJLm nepuo.u;. CJie.u;yrolllHA 8H8JDI3  - xii- ,t(OJDKeH paCCMaTpHBaTLCJI KaK. c~eHapHA TOro, 'ITO MOJKeT npOH30ATH npu onpe,IJ;eJieHHOA 3KOHOMH"'eCKOA nOJIHTHKe u ,D;pymx npe,IUIOCLmKax, a ue KaK npe.u;cKa3auue nporno30B ua 6y~ee. 51. Ilpu YCJIOBHH OC~eCTBJieHIDI OCHOBHLIX CTPYKTYPHLIX pe<J>opM, 3KCDOpT MO)KeT B03pacTH Ha 3 npon;eHTa, B TO BpeM.K KaK HMDOpT -- Ha 1,5 npon;eHTa B 1993-97 rr. Ha3BaHHLie TeMDbl pOCTa B peaJILHOM BLipaJKeHHH 3Ha'tJHTeJILHO BLDIIe B CB.SI3H C npH6JIH)KeHHeM K MHpOBLIM D;eHaM H norrpaBKe BaJIIOTHbiX rrapuTeTOB. Oco6euuo saxrnyro ponL 8 nnaHe 6anauca nnaTe.>KeA 8 1994-95 rr. 6y,IJ;eT urpan HMnopT TOBapOB npOH3BO,t(CTBeHHOI'O Ha3Ha'tJeHIDI ,t(JI.SI pa36HTH.SI HecpT.SIHOA npOMbiiiiJieHHOCTH H no;a;,u;epXruiiDI Ha BLICOKOM ypOBHe 3KCIIOpTa DPHPOAHOI'O ra3a. Y36eKHCTaH TaK.>Ke MO.>KeT o6ecrretiHBaTb 3KCIIOPT XJIOIIKa B 3Ha'tJHTeJILHLIX pa3Mepax 3a C'tJeT II08LWieHIDI npO,IzyKTHBHOCTH npH YCJI08HH, 'tJTO 6y,IJ;yT npe,D;npHHJITbl ycunmr no ycosepweucTBOBaHHIO copTHP08KH u AOCTa8KH xnonKa. Y36eKHcTaH TaK.>Ke MO.>KeT uatJaTL 3KCDOPTHpOBaTL ,D;O 65 T 30JIOTa B ro,IJ;. llo Mepe DOJIHOrO npeKpameHHJI HMDOpTa HecpTH H POCTa ,IJ;OXO,IJ;OB OT SKCDOpTa 30JIOTa H ra3a TOpi'OBLIH 6ammc MO.>KeT 3Ha'tJHTeJILHO YJIY'tJWHTbCX. 0,IJ;HaKO o6~.que DOTpe6HOCTH BO BHeWHeM cpHHaHCHpOBaHHH COXpaH.SITC.SI Ha 3Ha'tJHTeJILHOM ypOBHe B pe3yJILTaTe He06XO,IJ;HMOCTH o6cny.xrnsaumr AOJira u nepeso,u;a AOXO,IJ;OB 3a rpauuny. 52. 3TH DOTpe6HOCTH BO BHeWHeM cpHHaHCHpOBaHHH B 1993 r. MOryT COCTaBHTb OKOJIO 500 MJIH ,t(OJIJI., Jcy,D;a BXO,u;.SIT ,u;ecpi-ID;HT no TeKYIQHM DJiaTe.>KaM 6e3 npon;eHT08, COCTa8JI.SIIOJ..U;HH OKOJIO 250 MJIH ,D;OJIJI., BbiDJiaTLI no npou;eHTaM -- OKOJIO 10 MJIH ,D;OJIJI., a TaK.>Ke n08LIIIIeHHe yp08H.SI pe3epB08 HHOCTpaHHOA BaJIIOTLI. BanaHC B 240 MJIH ,D;OJIJI. MO.>KeT 6LITL HCDOJib30BaH ,IJ;JI.SI y8eJIH'tJeHIDI BaJI08biX Me.>K.IJYHapO,u;HbiX pe3ep80B ~ DO,D;AepJKaHH.SI BBe,D;eHIDI HOBOH ,D;eHe.>KHOH e,I.UIHHIJ;bl, eCJIH npaBHTeJibCTBO peWHT BbmTH H3 py6JieBOA: 30Hbl. IlOTpe6HOCTH B <i>HHaHCHp08aHHH Ha 1994-96 rr., KOTOpLie ,D;Oill~HLI 6LITL y,IJ;OBJieT80peHLI 3a C'tJeT np.H:MbiX HHOCTj)aHHLIX KaDHTaJIOBJIOJKeHHA: H Kpe,u;HT08, OIJ;eHH8aiOTC.SI B 600-700 MJIH ,D;OJIII. B ro,u;. 53. Ha npoTJ~JKeu:uu nocne,DyiO~ux uecKOJILKHX neT o6ecneqeuue npHTOKa KanHTaJILHLIX pecypcou B He06XO,u;HMLIX 06'LeMax IIOTpe6yeT cepLe3HLIX YCHJIHA CO CTOPOHLI npaBHTeJILCT8a H Me.>K.IJYHapO;IUILIX ,D;OHOp08 H HHBeCTOpOB. 3apy6emtLie HHBeCTOpLI BLIKa3LWaiOT DOBLIIIIeHHLIH HHTepec K ropHO,u;06Lmaro~eA npO~JieHHOCTH, nepepa60TKe CeJILCKOX03.SIACTBeHHOH npO~HH, TeKCTHJILHOA npOMbllllJieHHOCTH B npOH3BO,t(CTBY TpaucnOpTHLIX cpe,t(CTB KOMMep'IeCKOI'O Ha3Ha'tJeHIDI. IlpHTOK Dp}IMLIX HHOCTpaHHLIX HHBeCTHD;BA MO.XCeT ,D;OCTHrnyTL 200-250 MJIH ,IJ;OJIJI. B ro,u; K 1997 r. npH YCJIOBHH yc:uneHIDI npa80BOA H HHCTHT)'D;BOHaJILHOA OCHOBLI ,D;JUI TaKHX HHBeCTHD;HA H npO,D;BH)KeHH.SI pecpopM. HeCMOTp.SI Ha 3Ha'tJHTeJILHOe pacwupeu:ne 3KCDOpTa, pOCT HMDOpTa noA,u;eT Ha pacwupeHHe npOH3BO,D;CTBa, H KOMMepqecKHX HCTO'tJHHKOB 6y,u;eT He,t(OCTaTO'IHO. .nJI.SI TOTO, 'tJT06LI npHTOK KaDHTaJia 6LIJI DOCTO.SIHHLIM, He06XO,D;HMa s<J><J>eKTIIBHa.SI nporpaMMa 3KOHOMH'IeCKHX pecpopM. B TetJeuue uecKOJILKHX cne,JzyiOJ..U;HX neT noua,u;o6HTC.SI ocpuu;uanLuoe cpHHaHCHPOBaHHe ~ no,u;,u;epJKaHIDI pecpopM. 54. IInaTe.xcecnoco6uoCTL Y36eKHCTaua a cpe,IJ;uecpoqnoM u ,IJ;onrocpoquoM nnaue 6y,u;eT 3asuceTL OT ycnewuoro npose.u;euu nporpaMMLI pe<J>opM, OT pa38HTIDI ra30,!l;06LmaroJ..U;eff npoMLIIIIJieHHOCTH u pa3pa60TKH He,D;aBHO OTKpLITLIX MeCTOpO.>K,u;eHHA He<J>TH, OT CBOeBpeMeHHOrO y8eJIH'IeH:mi SKCnOpTa pa3JIH'IHLIX TOBapOB, a TaJOKe OT BHeWHHX cpaKTOpOB, TaKHX KaK UeHLI Ha SKCnOpTHLie CbipLeBLie MaTepHaJibi. HescpcpeKTHBHa.SI DOJIHTHKa H HeCDOC06HOCTL peaJIH308aTL SKCnOpTHbW DOTeHIJ;HaJI MO:ryT DOCTaBHTb nJiaTeJKeCnOC06HOCTL CTpaHLI DO,D; COMHeHHe. IlpH TaKHX 06CTO.SITeJibCTBax SKOHOMHKa Y36eKHCTaHa CTaHeT 3aCTOfmOA. C ,u;pyroA CTOPOHLI, 3cpcpe1miBHLie pecpOpMLI B KOM6HHaD;HH C XOPOlUefi CLipLeBOA 6a30A ,u;a,u;yr Y36eKHCTauy B03MO~OCTL BOATH B nepHOA nOCTOXHHOro poCTa npOH380,D;CTBa C yBeJIH'IHBaiOJ..U;HMHCJI B03MO~OCTJIMH BLIXO,D;a Ha MeJK,IzyHapO,IUILle pLWKH KanHTaJIOB. BLmJiaTLI DO o6cny..>KHBaHHIO ,t(OJira KaK ,D;Oml 06Ulei"O 3KCDOpTa MOrJIH 6LI AOCTHmyTL JIHUIL 11 npon;eHTOB K 1999 r., KOr,n;a aMOPTH3au;IDI 6y,u;eT He3Ha'IHTeJILHOA, H CHH3HTCJI ,D;O 8 npon;eHTOB K 2002 r. 3TH npOni03HpyeMLie DOKa3aTeJIH B 60JILUIOA CTeneuu 3aBHCJIT OT cnoco6noCTH Y36eKHCTana no,D;AepJKaTL SKcnopT TOBapos ua CYJ..U;eCTByrow;eM yposue H nepeBeCTH 3Ha'tJHTeJILHYIO 'tJaCTL CBOeA: TOproBJIH Ha BaJIIOTHLie pLmKH.  - xiii - 55. Y 36eKHCTaHy HeOOXO~Ma TeXHHtJeCKasl llOMOIIU» B pa3pa60TKe H OC~eCTBJieHHH DpOrpaMMLI pecpopM H pecTPYKTYPH3aiJ;HH 3KOHOMHKH. IToTpe6noCTH B TeXHH'IecKoA noMOilUf ou;eHHBaiOTCJl B o6'LeMe OKOJIO 20 MJIH ,I{OJIJI. B ro,n; H B KpaTKOCPO'IHOM DJiaHe, H O}I{H,I];aeTCX, 'ITO OHH ()y,nyr Y.D;OBJieTBOpeHLI B HeKOTOpofi CTeneHH Ha 6e3B03Me3,I{HOH OCHOBe. KOHKpeTHhle DOTpe6HOCTH paCCMaTpHBaiOTCX B Pa3JIH1mldX pa3,nenax ,nauuoro orqe'l'a. no npocL6e ITpasHTeJILCTBa Y36eKHCTaHa BanK Ha'la.JI Koop,nmmposaTL TeXHH'IeCK)'IO ITOMOI..Qb Y36eirnCTauy; 3TY pa6ozy BeJia ,!{0-KOHCYJihTaTHBHa.sl rpynna B ,D;eKa6pe 1992 r. H MecTHax KOHCYJihTaTHBHax rpynna, .neAcTsosaawax B TawKeHTe a Mae 1992 r.  fJIABA 1 HACJIE,[(ME TIPOIIInoro 1.1 Y36eKHCTaH OO'b.siBMJI o caoeil neJaBHCHMOCTH 31 aarycTa 1991 r. Kor,IJ;a pacna.n:c.s~ CoaeTcKHH Coro3, Y36eKHcTaH cTOJIKHYJIC.sl c TPY,IJ;HOCT5IMH, ne TOJibKO npHcYJ..IJ;HMH OhiBIIIeMY CoaeTCKOMY Coro3y -- TaKHMH KaK He3¢cPeKTHBHOCTb npOH3BO,II;CTBa, IJ;eHTpaJIH30BaHHOe DJiaHHpOBaHHe, BbiCOKOMOHOllOJIH3HpoaaHHbie phiHOtiHbie CTPYKTYPbi, na,n;euHe npOMhilllJieHHoro npOH3BO,IJ;CTBa H C,IJ;ep)K}IBaeMa..sl HHcPlliliJ;H.sl, -- HO H C npOOJieMaMH, npHCYJ..IJ;HMH caMOH pecnyOJIHKe Y30eKHCTaH, -- TaKHMH KaK na,n;eHHe MHpOBhiX I(eH Ha ,IJ;Ba OCHOBHhiX npOH3BO,II;HMbiX B pecnyOJIBKe npO,IJYKTa (XJIODOK 1-1 30JIOTO), a TaiOKe DOTepeH CaMbiX BbiCOKHX TpaHcc}:lepTHbiX DJiaTe)KeH H3 COI03HOrO OIO,IJ;)KeTa. A. PACllA,[{ COI03A1 1.2 TiocJie cepe,IJ;HHbi 1990 r. ua,n;e)K,II;br ua e,IJ;HH)'IO 3KOHOMHtiecKYIO pe<POPMY a CCCP ObiJIH a ueJIOM YTPaqeubr. B MapTe 1990 r., ro,IJ; cnycT.sl nocne H36paHH.sl BbiCIIIero 3aKOHO,IJ;aTeJILHOro opraua CCCP, COCTOXJiliCb nepBble, OTHOCHTeJILHO OTKpbiTbie BhiOOpbi B MeCTHhie H pecnyOJIHKaHCKHe opraHhl BJiaCTH. B TO BpeM.sl KaK KOMMYHliCTbi DOJIYtiliJI:H OOJibliiHHCTBO BO MHOrHX }Tl:Ipe)K)l;eHH.siX BJiaCTH, B pecnyOJIHKaHCKHe 3aKOHO,IJ;aTeJibHbie opraHbi nonano ropaJ,IJ;O oonLIIIee 'IHCJIO pe¢opMaTopoa, 'IeM B Bepxoaublli CoseT CCCP. Pac'fYli(ee paJoqapoaaHHe a rocy,IJ;apcTBeHuo:H H,D;eononiH 03Hatian:o, 'ITO OcPHIJ;iiaJibHLie JIHn;a, CKJIOHHble K pe¢opMaM, Ha'IHHaJIH cPOPMHpOBaTb CBOIO UOJIHTHKY H nporpaMMhi B OOJibWCH CTeneHH Ha pecnyOJIHKaHCKOM, 'IeM Ha COI03HOM ypOBHe. TaKHM oopa30M, HCCMOTp.sl Ha TO, 'ITO napJia.MCHTbl pecnyOJIHKaHCKOrO ypOBH.sl He CTpeMHJIHCh pa3PYliiHTb COI03, llOJIHTHtieCKa.sl CTpyKzypa, B KOTOpOH OHH ,IJ;encTBOBa.n:H, y.}Ke nponmope'IHJia cTpeMJieHHIO coroJuoro pyxoao,D;cTBa y,IJ;epxaTL pbi'Iarn BJiaCTH c u;eJihlO npoae,IJ;eHIDI YHHcPHIJ;Hpoaauuo:H pe¢opMhi. ITo.s~snenHe ,D;Byx, a anocne,n;cTBHH H uecKOJILKHX nyreA pa3BHTH.sl pe¢opM CTaJia O'IeBH,Il;HbiM. 1.3 K ceHT.slopro 1990 r. aKTHBHO oocy)K)l;aJIHch .n;se KOHKYPHPYIOIIJ;He Me)K)l;Y cooo:H nporpa.MMLI pe¢opM: COI03Hbm "nnaH Pbi)KKOBa" (no HMeHH Tor.n;aiiiuero npeMhep-MHHHCTpa COI03a HHKOJia.sl PhDKKOBa) H "IIIaTaJIHHCKHH rmau" (no HMeHH ero ocuosHoro asTopa, aKa,n;eMHKa CTauucnaaa lli.aTanRHa). B u;ea:oM nnau IIIaTaJIHHa .siBIDlJIC.sl Bbi30BOM poccH'HcKoro pyxoso,n;cTsa coro3HhiM anacT.siM, KOTOphre BH,JJ;enH ce6.s1 a poJIH rnaauoro apoHTpa 3KOHOMHtiecKo:H pe¢opMhi. TinaH Pbi)KKOBa, c¢OPMYJIHpoaauubm BcKope, 6bm OTBeTOM COI03HOro pyxoao,IJ;CTBa ua 3TOT Bbi30B. IInau IIIaTaJIHHa npH3biBaJI ,D;aTL 6oJILwe noJIHOMO'IHA pecny6m·IKaM B npHH.siTHH peWeHHH H BO MHOrOM npe,nycMaTpHBaJI OOJiee pa,n;HKaJibHhie peQlOPMbl, 'IeM DJiaH PhDKKOBa. B nnaue IllaTa.JIHHa npe,IJ;YcMaTpHBaJIHCb KOHKpeTHhie 3Tanhi pe¢opMhi, B qacTHOCTH npHBaTH3aD;H.sl H nn6epaJIH3an;HSI u;eu. B paMKax 3Toro nnaua nepaooqepe,IJ;Hoe npaso liaJIOrooono)KeHH.sl npHHa,n;Jie}Ka.JJO pecny6JIHKaM, a oro,IVKeT Co103a ,IJ;OJDKeH 6hm ¢HuaucHpoaaTLC.sl H3 cooTBeTCTBYJO~HX llaCTe:H pecny6nHKaHcKHX OIO,IVKeToa. no nnauy PbDKKOBa, naooopoT, pe¢opMhi ,n;oJDKHhi OhiJIH obi oc~ecTBJU[TbC.sl DOCTeneHHO, H pecnyOJIHKH He DOJiytiaJIH 3HatiHTeJihHbiX DOJIHOMOtiHH. 1.4 OceHLIO 1990 r. OhiJIH ony6nHKOBaHhi npe3H,n;euTcKHe OcnoBHbie uanpaBJieHIDI B nonLITKe BOCDOJib30BaTbC.sl ,ll;OCTaTOtiHO CJiaOOH CTbiKOBKOH Me:>K,Dy ,IJ;BYM.sl nporpaMMaMH pe¢opM. STa CTbiKOBKa, O~HaKO, HMeJia MeCTO TOJibKO DO HeKOTOPbiM 06~HM ~eJI.siM, KOTOpbie CTaBHJIHCb B nporpaMMax, H DOSTOMY B OCHOBHhiX HanpaBJieHllilX He CO,IJ;ep.>KaJIHCh cpOKH ,ll;Jlll ,IJ;OCTH)!{eHH.sl 3THX u;enefi. B 'laCTHOCTH, COrJiaCHO OCHOBHbiM HanpaBJieHH.siM, pecny6JIHKH DOJI}Tl:IaJIH OTHOCHTeJihHO OOJihwyiO CB060,IJ;y B BbiOOpe CBOHX co6cTBeHHbiX TeMnoa pec,PopM H ¢opMHpoaaHHH OIO,IJ;)KeTHOI'i noJIHTHKH, no B HHX ue roaopHJIOCb, KaKHM 06pa30M H B KaKHX C~Ia.siX fiOJIHTHKa Ha pecnyOJIHKaHCKOM ypOBHe oy,IJ;eT OrpaHHtiHBaTbC.sl, eCJIH OHa BO~eT !/ ,naBBhUi pa3~eJI upHBO,D;HTCJI DO TCKCT}' fJiaBbll ny6JIHKai.J,IDf "Poccm1cKaJI3KOHOMlfliCCKaJI pe~JlopMan. OCfmCCTBJICBBOJl B paMK.aX HCCJIC~OBilBKll BceMHpBoro BaBKa B 1992 r. B BCH CO~Cp)KHTCJI DOJIC3HaJI HBIJlOpMai.J,HJi OTBOCHTeJibBO XpOBOJIOmH C06WTml. npHBe,IJ;IIIHX K pacnw CCCP.  -2- 1l KOHQlJIHKT C COI03HOA npOrpaMMOi!l pe<j)OpM. Me.>K,Dy TeM SKOHOMH'IeCKOe DOJIOXeHHe B 1990 r. 6LIJIO OTMe'leHO 3a6aCTOBKaMH, MeJKHaiJ;HOHaJILHLIMH KOHQlJIHKTaMH, npeKpa~eHHeM CYJneCTBOBaHIDI BCeCOI03HOro pblliO'IHOrO npocTpaHCTBa H3-3a TOprOBbiX 6apLepOB, B03~HraeMbiX pecny6JIHKaMH, a TaiOKe HC'Ie3HOBeHHeM CHCTeMLI rOC3aKa30B. ITO Mepe TOrO, KaK napTHaHLIH annapaT, CJIYJKHBWHA paHLWe OCHOBHLIM MeXaHH3MOM HeO¢Hll;HaJILHOrO pyKOBO,JJ;CTBa H COrJiaCOBaHIDI ,u;eACTBHA BHyrpH DJiaHOBOA SKOHOMHKH, Ha'laJI U,eJieHanpaBJieHHO OTCTPamiTbC.SI OT U,eHTPaJILHOA pOJIH B pyKOBO,JJ;CTBe SKOHOMHKO'A, Tpa,n;Hll;HOHHO cymecTBOBaBWa.sl SKOHOMH'IeCKa.sl CTPYKTYPa uaqan:a pa3BaJIHBaTLC.SI, H snepBLie 3a nocnesoeHHYIO HCTOpHro CCCP 6omo oTMe'leHo na,n;eHHe npOMbiillJieuuoro npoH3BO,JJ;CTBa. 1.5 Bo BTOpOA DOJIOBHHe 1990 r. 3Ha'IH'l'eJILHO B03pOC ypOBeHL HeCTa6HJILHOCTH B COI03HLIX pecny6nHKax, BKJIIO'Ia.sl Y36eKHCTaH. 3To no,u;Tsep,D;Hna penpeccusuax aKil,H.SI B IIpH6aJITHKe, B pe3yJihTaTe KOTOpOIJ. cenapaTHCTCKHe TeH,JJ;eHD;HH e~e 60JILWe YCHJIHJIHCb. llapaJIJI6JibHO DOJIHTH'IeCKHM H BOeHHbiM MepaM SKOHOMH'IeCKa.sl DOJIHTHKa COI03HOro npaBUTeJibCTBa CTaJia 6onee KOHCepBaTHBHOIJ.; B OKT.S16pe 1990 r. npaBHTeJILCTBO DOCTaHOBHJIO, 'ITO BCe CB.SI3H MeJK,Izy COI03HbiMH npe,u;npmrrmlMH ,JJ;OJDKHLI 6LITb 3aMOpOJKeHLI. TaKHM 06pa30M, HeCMOTp.SI Ha TO, 'ITO HeKOTOPLie u;eJIH, DOCTaBJieHHLie B npe3H,JJ;eHTCKHX OCHOBHLIX HaDpaBJieHIDIX 1990 r. 6LIJIH 06Jie'leHLI B 1991 r. B ¢OPMY 3aKOHa, 06~HA SKOHOMH'IeCKHA, DOJIHTH'IeCKHA H 3aKOHO,JJ;aTeJILHbiH XaOC npeiDlTCTBOBaJI HX OC}'1UeCTBJieHHIO. XOT.SI 3aKOHO,JJ;aTeJILHLie H 6ro,JJ;}I{eTHLie o6.si3aTeJILCTBa Coro3a H pecnyt5JIHK ua 1991 r. 6LIJIH cornacOBaHLI B anpene 1990 r. (H DO,D;TBepJK,JJ;eHLI B .SIHBape 1991 r.), pecny6JIHKH CTaJIH 06XO,JJ;HTL 3aKOH nyTeM DO,JJ;DHCaHIDI ,JJ;OroBOPOB H COrJiaWeHHA 06 SKOHOMH'IeCKOM COTpy,n;HH'IeCTBe ,n;pyr C ,u;pyrOM, a TaKJKe He BbiDJia'IHBa.sl HaJIOrn B COI03Hbm 6IOA}I{eT. B pe3yJILTaTe TaKHX ,u;eACTBHA pa3pa3HJiaCL TaK Ha3LIBaeMasi BOAHa 3aKOHOB, B XO,JJ;e KOTOpOA pecny6JIHKaHCKHe BJiaCTH Ha'laJIH pa3pa6aTLIBaTL H BBO,JJ;HTb 3aKOHO,JJ;aTeJILCTBO B paAOHax, KOTOpLie o,u;uospeMeuuo nona,u;anH no,u; coro3uyro ropHC;IJ;HKu;Hro. B PoccHH TOT xe nnau IIIaTanHua, KOTopLm 6Lm OTBepmyT COI03HLIM napJiaMeHTOM, 6bUI TYT JKe O,D;06peH pecny6JIHKaHCKHM napJiaMeHTOM. 0,JJ;HaKO 6onee cepLe3HLIM .SIBJI.SIJIC1! TOT ¢aKT, 'ITO, ue nprr13HaBa.SI uanorosoe 3aKono,u;aTeJILCTBO Coro3a, Poccmr H 6oJILWHHCTBO ,u;pyrHx pecny6JIHK, BKJIIO'Irur Y36eKHCTaH, Ha'lanH co3,u;asaTL He3aBHCHMOe pecny6JIHKaHcKoe HaJIOrOBOe 3aKOHO,JJ;aTeJibCTBO. TaK, HanpHMep, B COOTBeTCTBHH C COI03HLIM HaJIOroBLIM 3aKOHO,JJ;aTeJILCTBOM npe,u;npiDITIDI ,JJ;OJI}I{Hbl 6LIJIH nnaTHTb 45-npou,eHTHLm Ha.JIOr ua npH6biJIL, a B PoccuAcKoA <l>e,u;epau;HH H Y36eKHCTaHe 5Lma sse,u;eua cso.s~ co6CTseuua.s~318-npou;eHTHa.si uanorosa.s1 CTaBKa. K 1991 r. CTano .s~cuo, 'ITO BODHIO~ee npeue6peJKeHHe DODbiTKaMH COI03a ,JJ;06HTLC.SI MaKpOSKOHOMH'IeCKOA CTa6HJILHOCTII OCHOBLIBaeTC.SI Ha CTpeMJieHHH K DOJIHTH'IeCKOA He3aBHCHMOCTH, a He 06.SI3aTeJILHO Ha pa3JIH'IIDIX B SKOHOMH'IeCKOM MbWIJieHHH. 1.6 K anpeJIIO 1991 r. ,u;ecpHD;HT COI03HOro 6IOWf{eTa ,JJ;OCTHr ypOBH.SI, KOTOphm nnaHHpOBaJIC.SI Ha u;enLm rO,JJ; H, TaKHM o6pa30M, HaCTYfiHJIO Q>aKTH'IeCKOe 6IO,IOKeTHOe 6auKpOTCTBO. B Ka'leCTBe peaKil,HH Ha STO 6LIJia Bbi,IijJHHYTa "aHTHKPH3HCHa.sl" nporpaMMa, c¢OPMYJIHPOBaHHa.SI C COrJiaCH.SI9 pecny6JIHK (BKJIIO'Ia.sl Y36eKHCTau), KOTOpa.si npH3Lmana K "6e3orosopo'IHOMY BLmonuenHIO o6.H:3aTeJILCTB no 6ro,JJ;}I{eTaM H sueoro,IUKeTHLIM cpe,u;CTBaM. Oua TaKJKe npe,u;ycMaTpusana npHwrme aHTHHH¢JISiu;HouuoA ,u;eue)KJ{OA DOJIHTHKH, ,IJ;aJILHeAwyro JIH6epaJIH3aU,HIO D;elll, a TaKJKe Pa3JIH'IHLie MeponpH.SITIDI C ~eJILIO OCTaHOBHTb na,u;euHe npoH3BO,JJ;CTBa H ycHJIHTL Mepbi co:u;uanLHOA 3aiUHTLI. IIporpaMMa 6Lma npHWITa K oc~eCTBJieHHIO npH DOHHMaHHH He06XO,JJ;HMOCTH B IUaASI~eA SKOHOMH'IeCKOA pecpOpMe -- KaK S DOJIHTH'IeCKOM, TaK H S SKOHOMH'IeCKOM CMbiCJie. 0,D;HaKO COrJiaWeHHe Me.>K,ey 9 pecny6JIHKaMH OKa:,aJIOCb HeJKH3HeCDOC06HbiM. 1.7 TaKHM o6pa30M, K Beene 1991 r. KPH3HC BJiaCTH CTaJI TOPM03HTh 3KOHOMH'IeCK}'IO pe¢OPMY B CCCP. B CoseTCKOM Coro3e yJKe 6onLwe ue CflneCTsosano TBep,u;oA snacTH, cuoco6uoA OCYJneCTBJI.SITL KaKYIO-JIH60 nporpaMMY pe¢opM. B Mae 6LIJI CQlOpM}'JIHpOBaH O,JJ;HH H3 DOCJie,IUIHX COI03HhiX DJiaHOB SKOHOMH'IeCKHX pe<j)OpM, KOTOpLm npH3HaBan KPH3HC BJiaCTH, DO,JJ;'IepKHBa.51 BaJKHOCTb DOJIHTHtteCKOA CTa6HJIH3aU,HH (nJiaH 3JIJIHCOHa-JIBJIHHCKOrO). 0,u;HaKO CaM npou,ecc C03,JJ;aHIDI HOBOA DOJIHTH'IeCKOA OCHOBLI COI03a npHBeJI K KOHCOJIH,D;aU,HH ODD03Hll;HOHHbiX KOHCepBaTHBHbiX CHJI, Oc~eCTBJieHHa.SI HMH B aBryCTe 1991 r. DODbiTKa rocy,u;apCTBeHHOrO nepeBOPOTa YHH'ITOJKHJia HMeHHO TO, COXpaHeHH.SI 'lero TaK ,JJ;06HBaJiaCL ODD03HIJ;IDI -- COBeTCKHA C0103. llOCJie,IzyiO~He 3a STHM ,JJ;Ba MeC.SIU,a 6LIJIH OTMe'leHLI CJia6LIMH DODhiTKaMH B0306HOBHTL neperosopLI no no,u;nucaHHIO Coro3noro ,IJ;orosopa, a TaKJKe ueo6'L.SICHHMOA 6e3,u;e.H:TeJILHOCTLIO pOCCHilCKOro pyKOBO,JJ;CTBa. 31 aBryCTa 1991 r. Y36eKHCTaH 06'L.SIBHJI 0 CBOeH He3aBHCHMOCTH.  -3- 1.8 B H0516pe 1991 r. poccuffcKoe pyxoao~cTBO o6'L51BH1IO o Ha3Ha'leHHH Hoaoro cocTaaa npaauTe.nLCTsa. :n: 3ruiBH.no o csoeff npusep)KeHHOCTH pa,D;HKa.nLHoff 3KOHOMH'IecKoA pe¢>opMe. MHome H3 3HeMeHTOB pe<}:>OpMbl He 6LIJIH DpOBe~eHbl B )KH3Hb, D03TOMY pOCCHfiCKOe npasHTe.nLCTBO OrpaHH'IH.ITO DO.ITHOMOr-{HSI COI03HOro npasHTeJibCTBa, B351B . DO~ CBOfi KOHTpO.nb cpe~CTBa, KOTOpMe B npOW.ITOM o6ecne'!HBa.nH )KH3Hecnoco6uocTb Coro3a. 8 ~eKa6px no~nucasw:ue MHHCKOe cornameuue pecny6.nHKH (Be.napycb, YKpaHHa u PocciDI) o6'bRBH.nH o pocnycKe CCCP.2 noc.ne~roro qepzy no~ pocnycKoM CCCP no~eJia OTCTaBKa fop6aqesa c nocTa npe3~enTa CCCP 25 ,D;eKa6pK 1991 r. 21 ,D;eKa6px 1991 r. Y36eKHcTau sowe.n s cocTas CHr. B. Y3BEKHCTAH B llEPCllEKTHBE 1.9 Y36eirncTaH 3aHHMaeT n.nOJ.Qa,D;L 447 TLICK'I KB. KM., 'ITO npe,D;CTaBIDieT co6oA TeppHTopuro HeMHOmM MeHLwyro TeppHTOPHH <t>prun~HH. Y36eKHcTaH uaxo,D;HTCK B u;eHTpa.nLHOA 'laCTH Cpe,D;HeA A3HH H He liMeeT BbiXO,D;a K MOpiO. TIO'ITH 3/5 ero TeppHTOpHH COCTOHT H3 CTeneA, nyCTLmb H nOJiyDyCTbffib. 0CTaJibHa.H 'laCTb npe,D;cTaB.nKeT C060H DJIO,D;OpO,IJ;HLie ,D;O.ITHHbl, OKaAMIDIIO~He ABe OCHOBHLie peKH -- AMy,D;apLIO H CLrp,D;apLro. YposeuL aTMoc¢>epnLrx oca,D;KOB ,D;OcTaTot~Ho HH30K u K.nHMaT B ocuosnoM nycTLrnuo-KOHTHHeHTa.nLnoro THna. Ha ceaepe Y36eKHcTau rpaHHl.JHT c Ka3axCTauOM, Ha BOCTOKe -- c KbrprLI3CTanoM H Ta,D;)KHKHCTanoM, ua rore -- c A¢>rauuCTanoM H ua roro-3ana,D;e -- c TypKMeHHCTaHOM. qaCTL cesepuoff rpanHQLI Me~ Ka3axcTaHOM H Y36e~rncTaHOM npoxo.D;HT no Apa.nLCKOMY Mopro. HaceJJeuue H ~eMorpa«!JuqecKHe xapaKTepHCTHKH 1.10 Y36eKHcTaH 51BJUleTc.sr caMOA 6o.nLwoff no uace.neuuro cpe,IJ;nea3HaTcKoA pecny6.nuKoA 6Lmmero CCCP. no 'IHc.neuuocTH uace.neniDI -- 7 npou;enTOB OT Bcero uace.neum~ 6Lmwero CCCP -- on 3aHHMaeT TpeTLe MeCTO DOC.ne POCCUH H YKpaHHLI. B pecny6.nHKe BLICOKHA ypoBeHL pO:>K,IJ;aeMOCTH (3,5 npou;enTa; 6o.nLwe nonoBHHLI uaceneum~ cocTaBJUIIOT .nuu;a Mo.no)Ke 19 .neT.) B 1991 r. uaceneuue Y36eKHCTaua COCTaBIDIJIO 20,7 M.nH qe.nOBeK, H3 KOTOpLIX 60 DpOQeHTOB npO)KHBaJIH B CeJibCKOA MeCTHOCTH. 0KO.ITO 71 npou;euTa Hace.neHHSI COCTaBIDIIOT Y36eKH; ,D;pyme KpynHLie 3THH'IeCKHe rpynDbl, npO)KHBaiOI.UHe B Y36eKHCTaHe, COCTaBJUUOT pyCCKHe (9 npou;eHTOB), Ta,D;)KHKH H Ka~axH (no 4 npou;eHTa), TaTapbl H KapaKa.nnaKH (no 2 npou;enTa), a TaK)Ke Kopeffu;LI, nepcLr H TypKH (no 1 npou;enTy)3•4• <I>eprancKu ,D;OJIHHa RBJU[eTCK uau6o.nee rycTonace.nennLIM paffouoM Cpe,D;ueff A3HH. 5 B pe.numo3HOM omoweuuu uaceneuue Y36eKHCTana cOCTaa.nRIOT MYCYHLMaue-cyuuu'l·Lr. B a,u;MMHHCTpaTHBHOM n.naue Y36eKHCTau coCToHT H3 12 DPOBHHIJ;Hff, He3aBHCHMOff TeppHTOpHH (KapaKan:naKCTaH), 123 ropO,D;OB H 157 ce.nbCKHX paffOHOB. Hcropua u noJJHTHKa 1.11 Y 36eKHCTaH Jie)KHT ua 3HaMeHHTOM a ,D;peaHOCTH BeJIHKOM me.nKOBOM nyru H3 EapoiiLI ua ,D;an:LHHff BOCTOK. B XIII B. 3TOT paH:on 6br.n 3asoesaa Monro.naMH no,D; npe,u;sO,D;HTeJILCTBOM 11HHm3-XaHa. B XIV B. MouronLCKa.sr HMnepmi pacna.nacL H B03HHK1la MecTHa.Sl HMnepiDI c u;euTpoM s CaMapKau,JJ;e. B XV g_/ TCM HC MCBCC, COJ03BbJH DapJIBMCHT OcilJmHaJibBO BC IJPH3BaJI CBOCrO pOCIJYCKB. ,nefSaTbl 0 TOM, HMCJI JIH MCCTO ocilJmHaJibBbiH pocnyc:K COBCTCKOro COJ038, fSbJJIH B030fSBOBJICBLI Ba C'bC3,D;C HapO)tBLIX ,D;CIJYT8TOB RCCBOJl1992 r., KO~a 3aD.ICJI CDOp o TOM, OCTBBJIJITb JIH ynoMHllaBHc o6 CCCP n npocKTc PoccltiiCKOH KoHCTHT)'IJ,HH. ~/ ,naBBbiC ~Hcilpbl IJPHBO,InfJIHCb B DepCDliCH 1989 r. ~/ Pyc:CKHC B OCBOBBOM IJPOJKHBBIOT B ropo,D;aX. CCJibCKOC BBCCJICBHC npCIIM)'mCCTBCBBO C:OCTaBJIJIJOT )'3fSCKH. O~IUCO 3BB'IHTCJlbBIUI KOHI.J,CBTpB~Kll .IJ:P}'111X STBH'ICCKHX rpynn HMCCT MCCTO B ,D;CpCBWIX BB rpaB~ax C TII,IJ;JKHKHCTBBOM H Klll&XCTaBOM, «SOJibWOH IJPOUCBT Ta.IQKHKOB TBIOKC DpOJKHBBCT 8 CaMapKaii,D;C H Iiyxape. §/ B ,D;OJIHBC IIJIOTBOC'll"b BBCCJICBHJI COCTBBJUICT fSOJICC 300 'leJIOBCK BB KB. KM. B ~BBCKOH 06JIBCTH WIOTBOCTh BBCCJICBIU ,D;OCTHrBCT 427 'ICJIOBCK BB KB. JCM.  -4- B. BOKpyr ropO,D;OB Byxapa, Xusa H KOKaH,D; BbiPOCJIH 4>eO,D;aJihHLie MYCYJihMaHCKHe rocy.u;apcrsa. ToproBJISI c PoccueA pa3BHBa.JiacL B XVI H XVII as. B XIX s. 3Ha'IHTenLHaJI qacn. pemoua 6biJia O'ITOpmyra TypKeCTaHOM. llo3,IUJee, nocne nenpo,u;oJDKHTeJILHoA rpa.>K,D;aHCKOA soAHbl B 1924 r. pemou 6biJI BKJIIOlleB B COCTaB CCCP. 1.12 llOCJie 06'L.SIBJieHIDI He3aBHCHMOCTH 6biBWa.SI KOMM}'HHCTH'IeCKrul napTIDI6LIJia B OKTJ16pe 1991 r. nepeHMeuosaua B Hapo,u;uo-,u;eMoKpaTH'IeCK}'IO napTHro (H)J_ll). r-u HcnaM KapHMOB, 6LmmuA nepsLIA ceKpeTapL napTHH, no6e,u;u.n ua np.srMLIX npe3H,JJ;eHTCKHX BLI6opax B .u;eKa6pe 1991 r. C~ecrsyeT uecKOJILKO onno3HUHOHHLIX napTHA. KpynueAwag H3 HHX -- Y36eKcKHA uapo)Uiolii 4>POHT (BHpJIHK). XOT.sl napTIDI BbiCT}'IIaeT 3a BOCCTaHOBJieHHe y36eKCKHX HaD;HOHaJibHbiX Tpa,D;HD;HH H C'IHTaeT, 'ITO HCJiaM ,D;OJDKeH HrpaTL Onpe,D;eJieHH}'IO pOJIL B COD;HaJibHOA )KH3HH H B 06JiaCTH o6pa30BaHIDI, OHa BbiCT}'IlaeT npOTHB C03,D;aHHJI HCJiaMCKOro rocy,IJ;apCTBa. llapTIDI BbiCTynaeT 3a C03,IJ;aHHe ,D;eMOKpaTHH 3ana,IUIOI'O THna. Ha nOCJie,JUieM CBOeM C"be3,JJ;e OHa Bbi,D;BHifYJia Tpe60BaHHe OrpaHH'IeHIDI BJiaCTH npe3H,D;eHTa. 1.13 .Use onn03HD;HOHHLie napTHH 6LIJIH C03,llaHbl rpynnaMH, OTKOJIOBWHM!!C.sl OT napTHH DHPJIIDC. STo -- .D;eMOKpaTH'IecKa.sr napTWl (3pK) H 0Te'lecTseuua.sr napTIDI nporpecca. Bo rnase o6eux napTHA CTOJIT H3BeCTHhie y36eKCKHe D03TLI. llpOrpaMMa napTHH 3pK CXO,IUia C npOrpaMMOA BHpJIHK, XOTJI H HMeeT 60Jiee np03aiia.IUJYIO opHeHTaD;HIO. KaH,D;H,JJ;aT 3TOA napTHH ua nocne,u;uux npe3H.u;eHTCKHX Bbl6opax nOJI)"IHJI 12,5 npou;eHTa ronocos. 0Te'lecrsenuru~ napTHJI nporpecca -- nu6epaJILHo-,u;eMOKpaTH'IecKoro Tomca, oua BbiCTynaeT 3a napnaMeH'rciCyiO pecny6.nux:y H PLWO'IHYIO 3KOHOMHK}'. H3 .IU>YrHX 3aMeTHLIX napTHA croHT Ha3BaTb llapTHIO HCJiaMCKOI'O B03PO~eHIDI, KOTOprul JIBJIJieTCj[ MeCTHbiM ¢»HJIHaJXOM napTHH, nepBOH8'18JIIdl0 C03,D;aHHOA B POCCHH ,IVIJ1 3~HTbl HHTepeCOB MYCYJILMaH. llOKa 'ITO napmH OTKa3aHO B pemCTpau;HH Ha TOM OCHOBaHHH, 'ITO 3TO -- peJIHrH03Ha.SI napTIDI. 1.14 8 ,D;eKa6p.sr 1992 r. napnaMeHT yrsep,u;HJI HOB}'IO KOHCTH~HIOt KOTOpa.sr cPOPM}'JIHpyeT OCHOBBLie npHHIJ;Hnbi npaB rpuc,u;aHHHa H Pa3,D;eJieHHJI BJiaCTeA Me.>K,I(Y HCDOJIHHTeJILHOA, 3aKOHO,D;aTeJILHOA H cy,u;e6BOA BeTBJIMH. PJI,D; DOJIOJKeHH:A KOHCTHT)'UHH HMeeT OC060e 3Ha'leHHe ,D;JIJI3KOHOMH'IeCKOA pect>opMbl, DOCKOJILKY OHH C03,IJ;aiOT He06XO,D;HM}'IO CTPYKTYPIIYIO OCHOBY ,D;IDI npose,D;eHHJI pe4>opM B Y 36eKHCTaHe. 6 3KOHOMHqecKaJI CTpyxTypa 1.15 B 1990 r. ua ,noJIIO Y36eKHcraHa npuxo,u;unocL OKOJIO 3,3 npou;euTa aan:osoro BHYTPeHHero npo,IzyKTa (BBll) 6Lmwero CCCP. XoT.SI yposeHL ,u;oxo,u;os ua ,uymy uaceneniDI s 1991 r. on;eHHBa.JICJI na ypOBHe 1350 ,D;OJIJI., no 6onee He,D;aBHHM OIJ;eHKaM B 1992 r. OH COCTaBHJI 860 )!;OJIJI. Y36eKHCTaH -- O,JUJa H3 6e,D;HeAmux crpau 6Lmwero CCCP. lloKa3aTeJIL BHll ua ,u;ywy uaceneum~ 3,u;ecL HIDKe, lleM s mo6oA ,u;pyro:A: 6Lmwe:A pecny6nHKe CCCP, 3a HCKJIIO'IeHHeM ApMeHHH, KLiprLI3CTaua H Ta.u;JKHKHCTa.Ha. 7 1.16 TeM He Meuee, Y36eKHcrau o6na.t(aeT 3Ha'IHTeJILHLIMH npupo,u;HLIMH pecypcaMH. llpeXQJ;e scero STO 30JIOTO, HecPTL, npHpOJJ;HbW ra3, yi'OJib, cepe6po H Me,D;b (eM. Ta6JIHizy 1.1). EJKei'O,D;HO npOH3BO,IUITCJI70 T 30JIOTa, 'ITO cOCTaBJllleT o,nuy TpeTL o6I.Qero npoH3BO.u;croa 6LIBwero CCCP. Y36eKHCTaH 3aHHMaeT TpeTLe Mecro cpe,JJ;H pecny6JIHK 6hmwero CCCP no npOH3BO,u;crsy npupo,D;Horo ra3a H BXO.IUIT e .u;ecJITKY KpynueAWHX 3KCDOpTepOB npHpO,D;HOro ra3a B MHpe. XOTJI OCHOBHU 'laCTL 3TOA· DpO~HH H,D;eT H8 BH}'TpeHHee DOTpe6JieHHe, H JIHlllb 8 DpOIJ;eHTOB 3KCDOpTHpOBaJIOCL DO Tpy6onpOBO,Izy Byxapa-Ypa.JI, 3KcnopTHLm noTenu;uan no npupo,u;.uoMY ra3y secLMa 3Ha'IHTeneu. MeCTHaJI npoMLnuneunoCTL B 3Ha'IHTe.JILHO:A: CTeDeHH pa60TaeT Ha ra3e. C ,u;pyroA CTOpOHbl, XOTJI nOTeHJ.UiaJibHLie 3aDaCbl HecpTH BeJIHKH, npOH3BO,JJ;CTBO uect>TH ua .n;auuoM 3Tane ue3Ha'IHTeJILHO. Pecny6nuKa npoH3BeJia 2,8 MJIH T uecJ>TH s 1991 §/ llo,IJ,po«Sacc 3TH DOJIO)KCHHJI paccMaTpHBaJOTC.ll a rnaac 5 "YnpaBJICHHC pcct>opMoA". CTPYK'J'YPB uoaoA KoBCJ'Jri')'IUIH IJpHBO.JJ;.ViTCJI ao Bpc3KC 5.1. Zl llpc,IlBapHTCJibHblc ,llaHHblc. no,!VIe:lK.amHc yro'lacnmo.  -5- r. H 3,3 MJIH T B 1992 r. 3TH DOKa3aTeJIH, BepOXTHO, 3HaqHTeJILHO yBeJIHqaTC.K C BBe,n;eHHeM B 3KCUJIYaTaiUJIO BHOBL OTKPLITLIX HaMaHraHCKOrO H cl>epraHCKOro MeCTOpOJK,D;eHHII. Ta«i.Jmna 1.1 Y36coC1'8lC IJPOB3BOJ.:CI'ISO KBBCPILIILBLIX B anepreTJ111C«BX pccypcoa (1991 r.) YltSCKHCTaH Cpe,IJ;Bea3HilTcKHe PoccHJI Y3tSCKHCTW pccuy6JIHKH 8 H PoccHJl KlllaxCTaH 30JIOTO (MeTp. T) 70 2506 28%. Hetl>TL (M.IIH MCTp. T) 2,8 29,2 516,2 0,5X llPHPO,IJ;BLIH 1"83 41,9 92,2 640,6 6,5% YrOJIL (MJIH MCTp. T) 6 131,5 395,4 1,5% Hcro'I£BHKH: KoMHTeT no CTaTHCTHKe H nporno:mponaumo YltSCKHCTaHa (focKOMIIpOrB03CTaT). 3KoHoMJNecKHe MeMopaH.IJYMDI Bcc:MlfPHOro EaaKa no pa3JIH'I£HL!M crpaHilM. llpHMC'I£8HWI: a/ TypKMeHHCTaH, KJ,fpl'LI3CTaH, Ta,u;JKHKHCT!lH. 6/ 06~u ~o6LNa 30JIOTa B 6LIBWCM CCCP. o/ llo OTHOWCHHIO K o6~CM)' npOH3BO~CTBY 6LIBWero CCCP. 1.17 Y36eKHcTaH -- Kpynua.sr: ceJILCKOX03.sr:AcTseuua.sr: ,n;epxaaa. llpHMepuo 40 npo~eHToB qnCToro MaTepuanLuoro rrpo,IzyKTa (tiMIT) Y36eKHcTaua -- ceJILCKOX03.sr:ncTseuua.sr: npo~mr, 33 npo~eHTa -- npoMLlliiJieuua.sr:, 14 npo~eHTOB npuxo,n;HTc.sr: ua CTpOHTeJibCTBO H oCTan:Luoe -- ua c¢epy yc.nyr. IIo npoH3BO,D;CTBY Xllomca Y36eKHcTaH 3aHHMaeT qeTsepToe MecTo B MHpe H TpeTLe --no ero sxcnopzy. XnonoK COCTaBJUieT OKOJIO 40 npo:u;eHTOB BaJIOBOro CeJILCKOX03.K:ACTBeHHOrO npOH3BO,D;CTBa CTpaHLI B CTOHMOCTHOM BLipaxeu:uu. Y36eKHcTaH -- Kpynaefiwu:A npOH3BO,n;HTeJIL fPpyK:mo8 u ollotqei1 B CHr. Au CeJILCKOX03.KACTBe!IHLIX I.J;eJieA HCfiOJIL3yeTC.K 6onee 30 MJIH ra, np:nqeM ,D;Be TpeTH 3TOA DJIOI..Qa,ti;H -- ~ CKOTOBO,D;CTBa. IiLICTpLm pOCT ceJILCKOX0311ACTBeHHOro npOH3BO,D;CTBa, HaOJIIO.D;aBIIlHACH B DOCJie,IUIHe TO,IU:d, CB.K3aH C pacWHpeHHeM DJIOUl;a,IJ;H opowaeMLIX 3eMeJIL, qTO, B CBOIO oqepe,n;L, npHBeJIO K COKpam;eHHIO 06'LeMa Apa.nLCKoro MOpH H cepLe3HLIM 3KOJiornqecKHM nocne,n;cTBIDIM. B HaCTo.sr:mee speM.K nJiom;a,xu. opomaeMLIX 3eMeJIL COCTaBJI.SieT npHMepHO 4,23 MJIH ra, OKOJIO DOJIOBHHLI KOTOpOA opowaeTC.K HaCOCHLIMH CHCTeMaMH. 1.18 llpOMLllliJieHHOe DPOH3BO,D;CTBO OCHOBaHO npeiK,IJ;e BCero HanepepaOOTKe ceJILCKOX03.H:ACTBeHHOI'O CLipLSr. MecTnofl npoMLlliiJieuuocnro o6pa6anmaeTcx 12 npoo;eHTOB xnonKa-cLxpo;a, 20 npou;eHTOB oseqi,HX WKYP H OKOJIO 60 npou;eHTOB KOKOHOB TyTOBOro WeJIKOnpx,n;a. T1DKeJI8JI npOMbmi1IeHHOCTL .u;aeT 41 npoo;eRT 06mero npOMLWIJieHHOrO npOH3BO.llCTBa ( 1990 r. ), Jienca.fl npOMLWIJieHHOCTL(BKJIIO'Iasl XJIOnqaT06YMaJKHYIO) -- 39 npoueHTOB, nepepa60TKa CeJILCKOX03X:ACTBeHHOA npO,IzyKUHH HeMHOniM MeHee 13 npoo;eHTOB. OcTa.nLuoe npuxo.u;nTc.sr: aa Tonnusuo-::mepreTHtiecKHA KOMnJieKc. MawunoCTpoHTeJILHaJI npoMLWIJiennoCTL BO MHOfOM OpHeHTHpOBaHa Ha CeJILCKOe X03XIiCTBO, HaDPHMep, npOH3BO.D;CTBO XJIODKOy6opoqoLIX KOM6aAHOB H OOOpy.u;OBaHWl ,It;JUI TeKCTHJibHO:A: npOMLlliiJieHHOCTH, a Ta.IOKe npOH3BO,D;CTBO XHMHqecKHX y.u;o6peHHA. 1.19 llpOH3BO,D;CTBO B rocy,n;apCTBeHHOM CeKTOpe (BKJiroqa.sr: CeJILCKOX03.K:ACTBeHHLie npe.u;npWITIDI) no~npeiKHeMY OCHOBaHO Ha IJ;eHTpaJIH30BaHHOM DJiaHHPOBaHHH, npH KOTOpOM npe,n;npiDITWIM CfiYCKaiOTCJl HOpMLI npOH3BO,D;CTBa. Ilpe,n;npH.sr:TWl OCTaBJUIIOT y ceo.sr: Oope,JJ;eJieHHLm npou;eHT npOH3Be,JJ;eHHOA npO.u;yK.IU~H, a OCTaJILHOe nocTYIIaeT rocy,n;apcTsy. Bee, qTo npOH3Be,n;euo csepx uopMLI, .KBIDieTc.sr: ~o6CTBeHHOCTLIO npe.u;npmrTH.sr:.  -6- 1.20 KaK H s 6onhliiHHCTBe pecny6nnK 6hiBlllero CCCP, o6~nff o6'beM ToproBJIH, Ho oco6euHo pecnyonnKaHCKOH ToprOBJIH, cocTasnn 3HaqnTeJihHhm rrpou;eHT BBII, npnMepuo 67 rrpoo;eHTOB s 1991 r. B 1991 r. Ha Me.)l{pecnyOJiliKaHCKII:fiHMIIOpT IIpHXO,!UiJIOCh 83 rrpou;eHTa 06~ero 06'beMa HMIIOpTa H DO'ITH 29 rrpou;eHTOB BBTI. Borree Toro, B 1991 r. Me)Kpecny6nHKaucmff SKcrropT cocTaBHJI 89 rrpou;eHTOB o6u~;ero 06'beMa SKCITOpTa. 0CHOBHhie rrpe,u;MeThi Me)Kpecny6JIHKaHCKOfO SKCDOpTa -- STO XJIOIIOK, MalliHHbi H ooopy,n;osauMe, rrpRpo,n;ubrn ra3 H y.n;o6pemur (6onee 70 rrpou;eHTOB o6~ero o6'beMa Me.)l{pecrryonHKaHCKoro sKcnopTa s 1990 r.). BueiiiHHfiSKcnopT cocTaBHJI OKOJIO 4 rrpou;eHTOB BBTI (1991 r.). 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KOTOpaJI B TeqeHBe ,n;onroro BpeMeHH CTpa,u;ana OT He,D;OCTaTOqHbiX KaiiHTaJIOBJIOJKeHHff B MaTepHa.JibHYIO 6a3y H B 3Ha'tJHTeJibHOM cTeneHH H30JIHposaua OT onbiTa cTpau sue 6I::.mmero CCCP. 0.n;HaKO Y36eKHcTaH pacnonaraeT 31-H!qnTeJihHbiMH Ka,u;paMH 3penhrx H xopowo o6pa30BaHHbiX pa6oTHHKOB ua acex ypOBIDIX, KOTOpbie ycrreiiiHO paOOTaJIH, HeCMOTp5! Ha MHOrne He,D;OCTaTKH CHCTeMbi. 1.22 Y36eKMCTaH pacnonaraeT OTHOCHTeJibHO pa3BHTOH TpaHCIIOpTHOH CHCTeMOff, XOpOWO npucrroco6neHHOH K ero ¢H3nqecKol1 reorpacpuu ( 42 Tbrc.srqu KJIJIOMeTpoa wocceffunrx .n;opor, 90 Thrcxq KHnoMeTpoa MecTHbiX ,n;opor H 3,5 ThiCXl.JH KHJIOMeTpos )Kene3HbiX .n;opor). O,ru-raxo y.n;enhHnre TpaucnopTHbre paCXO,D;bi B 3KOHOMHKe qpe3BbJl.IaHHO BbiCOKH. 0CTPO He06XO,D;HMbl MO.n;epHH3aD;H.B: H 3aMeHa OCHOBHbiX cPOH,!J;OB. Y36eKHCTaH yaacne,D;OBaJI u;eHTpaJIH30BaHHYIO CHCTeMY TeJieKOMMYHHKaD;HH, 3aMKH!IT}'IO Ha MOcKBy. 06opy,llOBaHHe B STOff CHCTeMe ycTapenoe H Ka'tJeCTBO ycnyr HH3KOe H llOCTOXHHO yxy.n;waro~eec.sr. 3KonoMuqecKoe pa3BHTHe ~o pacna)la CooeTcKoro Co103a 1.23 HaqHHa.s£ c 1988 r. TeMnbi pocTa rrpOH3BO.n;cTBa pe3KO CHll)KaJIHCh, B oco6eHHOCTH B 1991 r. (eM. Taonnu;y 1.2). 3uaquTeJihHOe coKpa~eHHe oo'beMa npoH3Bo.n;cTBa a 1991 r. npOH30lllno .n;o Toro, KaK 6:oiJIH npe.n;npHIDIT:br cephe3Hhre non:oiTKH npoae,n;eHID£ p:ornoqHoH pecpopM:or, H KBHnoch cne.n;cTBHeM pacna,n;a CCCP H COOTBeTCTByro~erO cna,n;a B IIOKa3aTeJIXX TOprOBJIH H, B 'laCTHOCTH, B 06'beMe Me)Kpecny6JIHKaHCKOfi TOprOBJIH. 1.24 ,Il;OJIK CeJihCKOfO X03XHCTBa B npOH3BO,D;CTBe IIOCTOXHHO yaeJIHqHBaJiaCh H ,D;OCTHfJia 36 npou;eHTOB B 1991 r. (eM. Ta6JIHIJY 1.3). B TO )Ke BpeMX ,D;OJIK npOMhiliiJieHHOCTH ynana B 1990 r. ,Il;O 21 npou;eHTa, o,u;HaKo c Tex nop HMena TeH,n;euu;mo K poczy. B 1991 r. .n;onx cTpOHTeJihCTBa H ycnyr B BBTI pe3KO COKpaTHJiaCb ,D;O 9 H 27 rrpou;eHTOB COOTBeTCTBeHHO. 1.25 TipOI.J.eHT paooqefi CHJibi, 3aH.SITOH B CeJihCKOM X035IHCTBe, OCTaBa.JICK llOCTOXHHbiM ( 40 npou;eHTOB) HaqHHaJI C 1985 r. 8, B TO BpeMK KaK rrpou;eHT 3aiDITOCTH B npOMbiiiiJieHHOCTH HeCKOJihKO BbipOC, npnMepHo .n;o 15 rrpou;eHTOB a 1990 r. BOJihlllaK qacTL 3aHKTOCTH no-npe)KHeM}' npuxo.n;HTCX ua rocy,u;apcTBeHHhm ceKTOP (a 1991 r. B HeM 6nmo 3aiDITO 65 npou;eut·oa scex pa6oTaro~ux). B KoonepaTHBax 6nmo 3aiU{TO 18 rrpou;eHTOB pa6oqeff cunnr {1991 r.). Hauoonee 6LrcTpbm poCT ua6mo.u;a.Jicx B HH,D;HBH.IJYaJibHOfi Tpy,n;OBOH .n;eXTeJihHOCTH B c¢epe TOprOBJIH H yc.nyr, KOTOpbm 'laCTHqHO KOMllCHCHPOBaJI CHll)KeHHe rocy,n;apcTseuHoro ceKTopa. B 1991 r. nu.n;HBH,JzyaJILHOA Tpy.n;oaoA .n;e.srrenhHOCTLIO 3aHHMaJIOCL 17 npOI.J.eHTOB DO cpaBHeHHIO C 10 npou;eHTaMH B 1985 r. TeM He MeHee, STOT po,o; 3aiUITOCTH COCTaBJI.SleT no-npe)I(HeMY neoonnwoff npou;eHT oomefi 3aiDITOCTH (eM. Ta6nmzy 1.3). §/ ,AoJIJI 3aBJITOCTH B Ce.JibCKOM X03XHCTBe, O.JUlaKO, KOJie6JICTCJI liOCe30HHO.  -7- Ta6JIHU,a 1.2 Y36eKHCTaa: OcaoBHLie MaKp03KOHoMmYecKHe noKa:JaTeJIH 38 1988-1991 rr. 1988 1989 1990 1991 llpOH3BO,IJ;CTBO (peaJILHLIC TCMTIDI poCTa) BaJiosoif sayrpeHHHH npo,IzyKT 10,2 3,7 1,6 -4,3 qHCTbiH MaTepHaJILHblik npo;iyJcr 9,6 3,1 4,5 -0,91 ToproBLIA 6anauc (11 npo~cDT&X OT BBD) -6,3 -13 -16,4 - 3,0 MeJKpecny6JIHKaaciCHH -5,7 -11,4 -11,4 - 0,7 BaemaeToprosLIH -0,6 -1,6 -5,0 - 2,3 8 ll;eHbl H 3apa6ornu UJiaTa (H3MeaeHHJI 8 npo~eHTax) Koc8eHHLIH ,n;ectmJrrop qMn -2,2 0,8 4,0 98,2 P03BH'IHLIC ~CHbl 0 0,9 3,8 83,1 0UTOBbiC ~CHhl H.,IJ;. 2,1 7,2 147,3 Cpe,JJ;HJIJI HOMHHaJILHaJI 3apa6oTHaJI UJiaTa 7,3 6,5 11,2 51,2 HH,IJ;eKc peaJILHOH 3apa6oTHOH 6 UJiaThl (1991•100) 107 113 121 100 HH,IJ;CKC peaJILHOH MHHHMaJibHOH 3apa60THOH UJiaThl (1991•100) 183,6 100 HCTO'IBHK: rocy,n;apCTBCHHbiH KOMHTCT UO CT8THCTHKC H npOrH03MpOBaHHlO (rocKOMIIpOrH03CTaT) H O~CHKH COTPY,IJ;HHKOB 6aaKa. a/ Cpe,IJ;HHC 3HaqeHHJI 38 COOTBCTCT8yiO~HH nepHO,IJ;. 6/ C }"'CTOM CHHJKCHWI 38 C'ICT po3HH'IHhiX ~eH. 1.26 Cpe,IUie,eymeao:H .u;oxo,n; Y36eKHcTaua 6hiJI HIDKe, qeM cpe.n;HHH noKa3aTeJIL no CCCP, B CB.si3H c tieM Y36eKHcTauy npe.u;ocTaBIDIJIHCL 3HatiHTeJILHLie .n;oT~HH, KOTOPLie npeKpaTHJIHCL B Kouu;e 1991 r. B TetieHHe 1987-1990 IT. roc6ro,IUKeT HMeJI He3HatiHTe.nLHLm .u;e¢Hu;HT (oT 0,3 npou;euTa .u;o 1,4 npou;eHTa BBll). O.n;uaKo a TelleHHe 1987-1989 IT. tiHCTLie Tpauc¢epTLI H3 Coro3a 3HaliHTeJILHO BbipocJIH (c 7-9 npou;eHTOB .u;o 19 npou;eHTOB BBIT a 1990 r.). ,Il;e¢Hu;HT roc6ro,IPKeTa BLipoc npHMepuo .u;o 5 npou;eHTOB BBII (1991 r.), HeCMOTp.si Ha ,IJ;aJILHefiwee yBeJIH'IeHHe ,IJ;OTai.J;HH Y36eKHCTaHY H3 C0103HOrO 6IO,IUKeTa (.D;O 19,5 npou;enTa BBII). 9 Yxy.u;weHHe ¢uuaucoaoro nonoxeumr cBx3aHo c yaeJIH"'eHHeM pacxo.u;oa, rnaBHbiM o6pa30M, Ha llO,IJ;.D;ep)KaHHe )KH3HeHHOrO ypOBIDI HaCeJieHIDI nyTeM ,IJ;OTai.J;HH. 1.27 B TelleHHe 1987-1990 IT. o6~He pacXO,IJ;LI 6LICTpO pOCJIH. ,n:oJI.si llOTpe6neHIDI H HHBeCTHI.J;HH roc6ro,IPKeTa H uaceneHIDI: a BBII yaeJIH'IHJiacL. IToTpe6neHHe uaceneuiDI cocTaBHJIO 61 npon;eHT OT BBII no cpaaueuuro c 58 npou;eHTaMH a uaqane yxa3aHHoro nepHo.u;a. rocy.u;apcTaeuuoe noTpe6.rreuue TaJOKe ynenuqunocL c 21 npou;eHTa BBII .u;o 26 npou;eHTOB (eM. Ta6nurzy 1.4). ,n:oJI.si HHBeCTHD;HH BLrpoc.rra c 28 npou;eHTOB BBII a 1987 r • .u;o 32 npou;eHTOB B 1990 r. 2/ HCTO'IHHK: MlmHCTepCToo fi>HBaucoo H o~eHKH MB<P. Mowozuo uafjlpa «:oJ03HbiX ,n;oTau,Hll 3aBLimeaa, nocKOJihKY ac f'IHThiBaiOTCJI UOCTfiiJICHHJI 30JIOTa Hl Y36eKHCTaHa 8 ueaTJ), coC'l'aBifBWHe 8 1991 r. oKono 2 npo~eBToB BBTI.  -8- 1.28 YseJnflieHHe o6~ux pacxo,u;os B Teqeuue STOro nepuo,ZJ;a y,ZJ;aouno ,ZJ;Hc6anauc Ta~1.3 Me.)K,Izy Y36eKHcTaHOM H ocTanLnoff qacTLIO CrpJKTJP& 3UiftOCTII 6Lmwero CCCP c MHHYC 8 npon;eHTOB BBII B <• upo~CBTU) 1987 r. ,ZJ;o MHayc 19 npou;eHTOB BBn a 1990 r. XOTH ,ZJ;aHHLie 3a 1991 r. CBH,ZJ;eTeJI.bCTBYIOT 1985 1990 1991 o6 ynyqmeHHH Toproaoro 6a.Jiauca ,u;o MHHYC 5 Dpo~cBT aac:eJieBJU npoD;eHTOB BBll, STHM D;HcPPaM ,D;OBepXTL 3aBJIThlc 37 39 40 nenb3x. BecLMa B03MO)KHO, ~o ypoaeHL Ha DCBCHH 11 12 12 ,o;ecllHIJ;HTa B Mexpecny6nHKaHCKOH TOprOBJie 3aBJITOCTb DO OTPBCJIJIM · 3aHWKen. 10 ,I:(o.rrn o6I.Uero noTpe6neHHH llpOMldDIJICBHOCTb 15 15 14 ynana B 1991 r. B CBR3H CO CDa,D;OM CTPOHTe.llbCTBO 8 9 8 CCJILCKOC X03JillCTBO 38 39 42 DOTpe6neHHH rocy,ZJ;apCTBeHHL~ npe,ZJ;DPHHTHH 4 Jlec:aoe xo311lfcrso 3 3 (ua 5 npon;eHTOB ,u;o ypoaHX 15 nponenTOB TpaBCDOpT H CB313h 4 3 3 BBIT). ToproBJIJI H CB313&BBLie c ae:H OTP&CJIH 7 6 6 llpO'IHC 28 28 27 1.29 ,11_0 He,D;aBHero BpeMeHH HH<ilnHUIDI 3aWITOCTb DO nmy upe~HJITHJI HaxO,ZJ;HnaCL B DO,D;aBneHHOM COCT051HHH. focy~apCTBCBBLIH CCKTOp 72 66 65 Hanp.nMep, a nepuo,ZJ; c 1988 no 1990 rr. KooDepaTHBhl 18 20 18 HB,IJ;HBH,IJyaJihB&JI 3llBJITOCTb 10 15 17 po3nuqnLie n;eHLI pocnu 11a 1 npon;enT a ro,u;. TeMDLI pocTa .D;ecPIDITopa l.IMII, p03HH'IHLIX u HCTO'IBHK: focy~apCTBCBBW ICOMHTCT IIO n'BTHCTHJCC H OUTOBLIX D;eH DOCTeneHHO Ha'laJIH paCTH B uporao3uposaamo Y3c5CKHCTaua (focKOMIIPOI'B03CTaT). 1990 r., a B 1991 r. pe3KO DO,D;CKO'IHJIH (eM. Ta6JIBizy 1.2 BLnne). 1.30 0rpaHH'IeHHe Ha HOMHHaJihHOe noTpe6neuue uacenenHH B CBR3H c HCKYCCTBeHHO c,u;ep:mfBaeMOH HHcPIDII.Ufefl T~l.-' npHBeJIO K BLmyJK,D;eHHOMY HaKODIIeHHIO. Y36coCTaB: CrpJit'I1P& upomao~ • P~• Me:>K,Izy 1988 H 1990 rr. peanLHWI (opo"- BBII) 3apnnaTa BLipocna npu6n.n3HTenLHO ua 13 npOl{eHTOB DO OTHOWeHHIO K p03HH'IHLIM 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 l{eHaM H ua 8 npou;enTOB no OTHOWeHHIO K OllTOBLIM D;eHaM. ,II_OXO,ZJ;LI ,l\OJIH OTPBCJICH HaCeJieHHH yBeJIH'IHIIHCL Ha 21 npOD;eHT B flpOMhiWJICBBOCTb Z9 26 22 21 28 CCJILC:KOC X03JillCTBO 26 Z8 31 33 36 peanLHLIX n;enax. XoTx peaJILHrul 3apnnaTa CTPOHTCJihCTBO 11 11 11 11 9 B 1991 r. yna.na, ,D;OXO,D;LI npO,D;OJDKaJIH Ccl>cpa YCJIYI' 35 36 36 36 'Z7 ysenuq.naaTLcx. B ocuoanoM yaenuqeuue ,l\OJIH paC:XO~OB peaJILHL~ ,D;OXO,JJ;OB y,u;epJKHBa.JIOCL B cPOpMe JIHKBH,D;HLIX aKTHBOB (H36LITOK ,o;eHeJKHOH MaCChi). Pe3KOe yBeJIH'IeHHe HOMHHaJILHOH 3apnJI8TLI H ,JJ;OXO,D;OB HaceJieHHB 6e3 JIH'IBOC DOTPCc5JICBHC focy~apCTBCHBOC D01'pCc5JICBHC KaiiHTaJIOBJIOJKC,HJI Jianauc pecypcoa 58 21 Z9 -8 58 20 27 -6 59 Z3 32 -13 61 Z6 32 -19 _, 61 19 yaeJIH'IeHH51 06~eMa TOBapOB H HCTO'IBHK: KoMHTCT no CT&THCTHKC H upOrB031fP088BHIO HCKYCCTBeHHOe 3aHIDKeHHe D;eH npHBeJIO K Y3c5eKHcraaa. H36LITKY c6epeJKeHHH y uaceneHWl. C6epeJ.KeHHR uaceneuHH 3a 3TOT nepeo,u; 1/ 1ianaac: pc'cypc:oa oTJIH'IaeTc:JJ oT 'I'Oproaoro 6aJiaac:a. 3Ha'IHTenLHO BLipocn.u. CYMMac6epeJKenufl upHBe.u;eHBoro B TafSJI~c 1.2. BCJIC.U:CTBHC accJlaKTopawx yCJI)T. 2/ llpHBe~CBBhiC 3& 1991 r. ~aBHhiC CJie.D:YCT HCDOJIL:JOUTia C a c6ep6anKax BLipocna c 58 npou;eHTOB a OCTOpOJKBOCThJO. 3TH ,ItBBBbiC BC C:OfJIBC)'JOTC:JI C C)'MMOlt 06IIUIX 1988 r. ,u;o 65 npon;eHTOB B 1991 r. DOCT)'IIJICBIIA H3 UCUTpa, liPHBc,II;CBBOJt B c5J<WI(CTC. 10/ 3To BCC:OOTBCTCTBHC CTBTHCTH'ICC:KHX ~aBHhiX c5y~CT pa3pCWCBO DO MCpC DOCTyiiJICBHJI c5oJICC DO,lij)Oc5BhiX ~tp.  -9- 1.31 06'LeM HHBeCTHIJ;Hff 6LIJI DO,IJ;Bep.>KeH 3HatiHTeJILHO 60JibWHM KOJie6aHIDIM, He.>KeJIH 06'LeM npOH3BO,D;CTBa HJIH DOTpe6JieHIDI. B 1991 r. HHBeCTHD;HH COKpa}UaJIHCL B ,u;sa pa3a 6LICTpee, 'CleM 06'LeM npOH3BO,D;CTBa H DOTpe6JieHIDI. llo-BH,D;HMOM}', HMeJI MeCTO liHCTbm Tpauc<J>epT pecypCOB OT npe.JUipiDITHi K HaCeJieHHIO. Co BpeMeHeM MeiDIJICji COCTaB HHBeCTHD;HA. ~OJIJI XGIJihll H COD;HaJILHbiX DOC06Hi yBeJIH11HBaJiaCL 3a ClleT ,IJ.OJIH CeJihCKOrO XQ3jiifCTBa H npOMbWIJieHHOCTH.  rJIABA 2 HEOBXO,llHMOCTb B PE«<OPMAX 2.1 K KOHizy 1991 r., KOr,IJ;a npaBHTeJILCTBO Y36eKHCTaHa npHCTYIIHJIO K caMOCTO.SITeJILHOMY pyKOBO,Il;CTBY 3KOHOMHKOff CTpaHbi, BHeWHSUI 06CTaHOBKa 8 OCHOBHOM onpe,IJ;eruiJiaCL CHTYaiJ;HeH B POCCHH. B Ha11ane 1992 r., nocne pacna.n;a CCCP, PocciDI Hallana ocymecTBIDITL rpaH,IJ;H03Hhre pe¢opMbi. ~eHTpaJILHOe MecTo s 3THX pe¢opMax saHHMana 3HatiHTCJILHasr JIH6epan:n3au;IDI u;eu. Coce,IJ;HHe pecny6nuKH - B oco6eHHOCTH Ka3axCTaH H Kbrprnr3cTaH - TaiOKe npoBO,IJ;HJIH MeponpiDITIDI B o6nacTH pe¢opM. 2.2 B TO BpeMX npasiiTeJILCTBO Y36eKHcTaHa npHIDIJIO OCTOPOJKHhm no,IJ;Xo,IJ; K pe<PopMaM, KOTOphm 6hiJI OCHOBaH Ha npHIDITHH llaCTHqHLIX Mep ,ll;O TeX nop, DOKa HeJib351 6y,IJ;eT pa3pa60TaTh nporpaMMY B3aHMOCB.SI3aHHbiX MeponpmrTHit obiJIH qacTHliHO nu6epanH30BaHhi n;eHLI, o6'be,IJ;HHeHhi BaJIIOTHhre pbiHKH, BBe,IJ;eHbi HOBbie HaJIOm, OTMeHeHbi HMDOpTHbie TapHcPbi, npHBaTH3HpOBaHbi ue60JibWHe Mara3HHhl H JKHJibe H npHH.SIThi HOBbie 3a.KOHhl 0 6aHKOBCKOff ,IJ;e.SITeJILHOCTH, C06CTBeHHOCTH H HHOCTpaHHbiX HHBeCTHIJ;H.SIX. 2.3 0,IJ;HaKO K HIOHIO 1993 r. Y36eKHCTaH Bee eru;e He pa3pa60TaJI BCe06'LeMJIIOI.u;eli npOrpaMMbi pe¢OpM, HanpaBJieHHbiX Ha nepeXO,Il; CTpaHbi K PblliOliHOA 3KOHOMHKe. Ilp06JieMa COCTOHT B TOM, liTO, KOr,IJ;a npHHHMaiOTC.SI JIHWb 'laCTHliHbie Mepbi H 3TO ,IJ;e.naeTC.SI MC,IJ;JieHHO, C~eCTByeT ODaCHOCTh TOro, liTO 3KOHOMHlleCKHe areHTbi 6y,IJ;yT nonyqaTh npOTHBOpeliHBbie CHnlaJibi OT CHCTeMbi, XBJI.SIIO~effC.SI rn6pH,II;OM cTapo:A KOMaH,IJ;HOA CHCTeMLI H ee .>KH3Hecnoco6Ho:A aJILTepnaTHBLI. Y36emcTauy Heot5xo,ll;HMO CTa6HJIH3HpOBaTb CBOIO 3KOHOMHKY H DOBbiCHTb ,IJ;OJirOe BpeMX Da,IJ;aBwyiO npOH3BO,Il;HTeJILHOCTb. 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H ,D;eKa6peM 1992 r. ODTOBLie D;eHbi BblpOCJIH npHMepHO Ha 2700 npou;eHTOB) H cepLe3HO yxy~HJIHCh YCJIOBH.SI BHeWHeH TOprOBJIH (Ha 10 npou;eHTOB). ,Il,JI.SI 3alu;HTbi DOTpe6HTeJiei\: H CeKTopa npe,IJ;npH.SITHff npaBHTeJILCTBO DODbiTaJIOCb riOMeWaTh pocry BnyTpeHHHX u;eu ,IJ;O yposH.SI, cymeCTBOBaBwero B ,IJ;pyrnx CTpauax 6Lmwero CCCP, O,IJ;HaKo 3TO JIHWL yBeJIHliHJIO nepeKOCLI B c¢epe npOH3BO,IJ;CTBa. B pe3yJILTaTe B03HHKJia OTJIHllaroma.src.sr e~e 66nLWHMH ,IJ;HCnponopii;H.SIMH CTPYKTYPa CTHMYJIOB, npH KOTOpOff OTHOCHTeJihHbie u;eHbi B OCHOBHOM 3aBHC.SIT OT OTHOCHTeJihHbiX cy6CH,IU!H. IlpOH3BO,IJ;HTeJILHOCTb npO,IJ;OJDKaJia Da,IJ;aTb, liTO llaCTHliHO 6LIJIO CB.SI3aHO C TeM, liTO, HeCMOTp.SI Ha Da,IJ;eHHe 06'LeMa DpOH3BO,Il;CTBa, rocy,IJ;apCTBCHHbiM npe,u;npH.SITH.SIM H KOJIX03aM 6biJIO 3anpe~eHo yBOJihiDITL pa60THHKOB. 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A TeM apeMeHeM <PnuaucupoBaHHe 6IOAJI{.eTHOrO ,n;e¢HI.J,HTa pOCCHHCKHMH py6IDIMH B onpe,D;eJieHHOA CTeneHH DOKpLmaeTC.Sl Ha.JIOro06JIOJKeHHeM uaceneuiD£ Y3oeKHcTaHa. HecMoTpx ua poeT noTpe6nTeJILCKHX cy6cu.n;u:A uan6onee yx3BHMble cnou HaceJieHH.Sl CTpa,n;aroT OT BhiCOKOH HHcPJUIIJ;HH. 2.7 OcuoaHOH npHliHHOH oroAJI{.eTHhiX npo6neM Y36eKHcTaHa .KBJUIIOTC.Sl cy6cH,n;HH. C nOMOI..QLIO CYOCH,D;HH (HBHhiX H CKPbiTbiX) H KOHTpOJlll IJ;eH npaBHTeJILCTBO DLITaeTC.K CM.SirtiHTL DOCJie,IJ;CTBH.Sl He,II;aBHHX 3KOHOMHliecKHX noTpHceHHH ,IJ;Jlll uaceneHH.K. O.n;naKo cy6Cuauu HCJ nompefiurne.nbae mo/Japbl ue 6LIJIH HaiJ;eJieHhi TOJILKO Ha HaHOOJiee Y.Sl3BHMhie CJIOH HaCeJieHHX H CO,II;e:ffCTBOBaJIH lipe3MepHOMY DOTpe6JieHHIO CYOCH,II;HPOBaHHhiX TOBapOB H ycnyr. nOJiee TOrO, B 1992 r. MHOme H3 y36eKCKHX TOBapOB H ycnyr, Ba KOTOpLre 6LIJIH BLI,ll;eneHLI 3HaliHTeJILHLie cy6cn,u;HH, 6hmH uecoMHeHHO npuo6peTeHLI rpax,n;auaMH coce,n;HHX pecny6miK, liTO pacnpOCTpaHHJIO CHCTeMY COIJ;Ha.JihHOA 3ai..QHThl Y 36eKHCTaHa Ha 3apy6C)K}IbiX JKHTeJie:A. B HIOJie 1993 r. 6LIJI COKpameH nepetieHL HaHMeHOBaHHA B DOTpe6HTeJibCKOH KOp3HHe, DOnyqaiOIIJ;HX np.siMLie noTpe6HTeJILCKHe cyocH,J.J,HH. B npHHu;une, coxpauxeTcx cpuKcnposauue u;eu TOJILKO ua xne6 u MYKY· Bo H36eXaHHe HaDp.sDKeHHOrO COCTO.SlHIDI roc6IO,IOKeTa B 6y~eM He06XO,Il;HMO CHH3HTL cy6CH,IUIH. 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CHIDKeHHe DOTpe6JieHHX SHepme H nOBbiUJeHHe 3HepreTHlieCKOH 3cpcpeKTHBHOCTH COKpaTHT HMI!OpT 3HepmH) a TaiOKe BhiCB060.n;HT npoH3BO,II;Hl\tyiO a cTpaHe 3Hepmro AIDI 3KcnopTa. OcuoBHLIM KaTaJIH3aTopoM, KOTOpLm CHH3HT y,u;eJILuoe 3HeprODOTpeoJieHHe, .SlBHTCX DOBbiWeHHe u;eH Ha 3HeprOHOCHTeJIH, KOTOpOe 6y,D;eT OCYI..QeCTBJ!eHO ,II;Jij{ TOI"O, liT06hi 3TH UeHhi B DOJIHOH Mepe OTpa)KaJIH H3,nepJKKH Ha CHa6XeHHe 3Heprneff. 2. 9 C~eCTByeT eme O,ll;Ha (cKpbiTa.K) cy6CH,u;IDI, HMeiOJ..Ua.K COKpymHTeJihHhie DOCJie,II;CTBHX ,ll;JlJ[ ~ 3KOHOMHKH - cyocH.n;Hx s Bn,u;e OTpuuaTeJILHLIX peanLHLIX npou;eHTHLIX cTaBoK. HecMOTPJI ua OTMeHY ueHTpaJIH30Banuoro nnauHpoaau'llil, <PnuaucoBLie pecypcLI Y36eKHCTaHa ace ei..Qe pacnpe,n;eiDIIOTcx Me.xc,u;y rocy.n;apCTBeHHhiMH npe.n;npHSITHSIMH CDOMOI..QLIO HephiHOtiHLIX MeXaHH3MOB H rocy,n;apCTBeHHbie npe,n;npmrriDl DOJib3yeTCK KpeAHTaMH Ha OOOpOTHhrff KaDHTaJI H HHBeCTHIJ;HH B TO BpeM.Sl, KaK 06'heM DpOH3BO.D;CTBa CHIDKaeTCK.  -13- 1 2.10 IlOMHMO «HHcPIDIIUIOHHOro HaJI01'a)), 3TH cy6CH,IUIH B 3KOHOMHKY cPHHaHCHpyroTC.51 3a C'leT KpynHLIX 11HCTLIX HaJIOroB Ha CeJILCKOe X0311ACTBO H HHOCTpaHHLie Kpe~ IlepeMe~eHHe AOXO,D;OB H3 CeJILCKOX03XiJCTBeHHOro CeKTOpa DpOHCXO,D;HT B pe3yJILTaTe DpOBO,D;HMOA npasHTeJILCTBOM DOJIHTHKH D;eB Ha BBO,IJ;HMLie pecypCLI H DpO,IzyKIUUO H B llaCTHOCTH H3-3a C~eCTBOBaHIDI aJC11'JeMbl ~ 3C17«J308, ICOTOpaJI Tpe6yeT, 'IT06LI 3Ha'IHTeJILHU llaCTL DpO~ COBX030B H KOJIX030B npO,D;aBaJiaCb rocy.u;apCTBY no D;eHaM, 3Ha'IHTeJILHO YCTYIIaiOID;HM pbiHO'IHLIM. TaKu cuCTeMa He nocLIJiaeT npOH3BO,IUITeiDIM cumaJihi 0 PbiHO'IHLIX D;eHax, B COOTBeTCTBHH C KOTOPLIMH OHH MOrJIH 6LI DPHHHMaTL peweHmi, OCHOBaHHLie Ha PLDIO'IHOfl CHTfaD;HH, H OHa He C03,D;aeT CTHM}'JIOB K HHBeCTHD;WlM B npOH3BO,I(CTBO H K HOBOBBe,D;eHIDIM. HanpHMep, C yqeTOM HCDOJIL3yeMLIX BBO,IUIMLIX pecypcOB 06'LeMLI DpO,IzyKD;HH CeJILCKOro X03JifiCTBa B arponpOMLIWJieHHOCTH j[BIDIIOTCJI HH3KHMH H TaM OlleHL BLICOK DpOD;eHT 6paKa; 60Jiee TOro, He C~eCTByeT CTHMYJIOB K 3cPcPeKTHBHOMY pacnpe,u;eJieHHIO (xpaueHHIO H TpaHCDOpTHpOBKe) npO~H. 2.11 B TO BpeMJI, KaK nadeHue CJ6beMa J1fXJU3{Joi}cmf MOJKeT paccMaTpHBaTLC.SI KaK O,D;HH B3 pe3yJILTaTOB npOD;ecca CTa6HJIH3aD;HH (KOTOpLm B KOHe'IHOM C'leTe DpHBe,D;eT K C03,D;aHHIO TaKOA CTPYKTYPLI DpOH3BO,D;CTBa, KOTOpaB 6y,u;eT B 60JILWefl Mepe COOTBeTCTBOBaTL MaTepHaJILHOA 6a3e Y36eKHCTaHa), C~eCTBYIOT y6e,IUITeJILHLie CBH,D;eTeJIL\.-rBa TOMY, 'ITO 3TO He TaK. Ila,u;eHHe 06'LeMa npOH3BO,D;CTBa He JIBmleTCJI CJie,D;CTBHeM HH DpOD;eCCa CTa6HJIH3aD;HH, HH HCDOJIL30BaHHJI Tpy,u;a H KaDHTaY.Ia B 6onee IIPOH3BO,D;HTeJILHLIX D;eiDIX. Hao()opOT, OHO JIBJIJieTCJ! CJie,D;CTBHeM 3KOHOMH'IeCKOrO cna,JJ;a H He3¢upeKTHBHOro HCDOJIL30BaHHJI DpOH3BO,D;CTBeHHLIX MO~HOCTeA. Il03TOMY, eCJIH ,D;OnyCTHTL ,D;aJILHetfmee na,u;eHHe 06'LeMa DpOH3BO,D;CTBa, He H3MeHHB MeTO,D;OB ynpaBJieHHJI rocy.u;apCTBeHHLIMH npe,u;npWITIDIMH, SKOHOMH'IeCKOe DOJIOJKeHHe CTpaHLI He YJIY'IWHTCJI. rocy.u;apCTBeHHLie npe,u;npHJITmi ,IJ;OJI}I{Hbl 6LITL nepeCTpOeHLI TaKHM 06pa30M, 'IT06LI OHH MOrJIH ,n;etfCTBOBaTL DpH HOBLIX OTHOCHTeJILHL!X D;eHax Ha BBO,u;HMLie pecypcLI H Ha DpO~IO, H OHH ,D;OJDKHLI 3cPcPeKTHBHO HCDOI1b30BaTL KaDH'raJI H Tpy,u;; B CBJI3H C TeM, 'ITO rocy,llapCTBeHHLie npe,u;npHJITHJI He H36aBHJIHCL OT JIHWHHX COTPYAHHKOB, BLipa60TKa Ha O.u;HOro pa60llero eJKei'O,D;HO CHWKaeTCJI DpHMepHO Ha 15 npOD;eHTOB. Ilo OD;eHKaM, B BeKOTOpLIX OTpaCIDIX npOMLIIDJieHHOCTH 2 A06aBJieHHU CTOHMOCTb OKa3aJiaCL OTpHD;aTeJILHOA. 2.12 ECJIH He 6y,u;eT .D;OCTHrnyTa CTa6HJIH3aiUUI H eCJIH He ()y,u;yr OCYllleCTBJieHLI MHHHMaJILHLie CTpfKTYpHLie H3MeHeHIDI, ,D;OJiroCpO'IHLie HHBe~H ycyry6JIT CHTYaD;HIO, 'ITO MO}KeT HMeTL O'fPHD;aTeJILHLie 3KOHOMH'IeCKHe DOCJie,D;CTBIDl Ami TaKHX 06JiaCTetf, KaK 3HepreTHKa, ropnoe ,D;E:JIO H npOMLDDJieHHOCTL DO nepepa6oTKe ceJILCKOX03XACTseunoA npo~uu. Y36eKHCTaH HMeeT xopowue B03MO}KHOCTH .u;ru~sKcnopTa, O,u;HaKO 6e3 lleTKO CcPOPM}'JIHpOBaHHOtf CTpaTemH B 06JiaCTH pe<!>OPM H 6e3 JIHKBH,D;aD;HH ,u;ucnponopD;HA B CHCTeMe CTHMYJIHposauu (HJIH no Kpatfneil Mepe 6e3 oc~eCTBJieHHJI nepBLIX maroa B 3TOM uanpaBJieuuu) DpHTOK KaDHTana 6y,u;eT OCTaBaTLCJI 3Ha'IHTeJILHO BlOKe OfiTHMa.JILHLIX D;Hcpp. Be HE.QABHHE COEhiTii.Sl B 3KOHOMHKE CTPAHbl 2.13 B naCTOJIU4eM pa3.u;ene H3JiaraiOTCJI TaKHe ue,u;asuue Ten,u;eHD;HH, na611ro,u;aawuecJI a necKOJILKHX 06JiaCTJIX 3KOHOMHKH B 1992-93 IT., KOTOpLie ODpe,u;eJIHJIH ODHCaHHLie B rJiaBe 3 MaKp03KOHOMH'IeCJCYIO CHTYaD;HIO H He06XO,u;HMLie pe<!>OPMLL IlJIOXOe Ka'leCTBO .D;aHHLIX HJIH HX OTCYTCTBHe HaKJia,u;LmaiOT 3Ha'IHTeJILHLie orpanH'Ienu na ananu3, npe,u;naraeMLm HH}Ke. B CBX3H c smM see KOJIH'IeCTsennLie ou;enKH DOKa3aTeJieA 1992 r. HeOt5XO,D;HMO C'IHTaTL llpe,D;BapMTeJILHLIMH. !/ HacpuuHJI DJUICTC.I ci»DPMOA aanora aa pcan~tawe ~eaemtwe t'Sanaucw. n106oA I!JI~CJieu ACBCJKBWX asyapoa Tcp.-eT '18CTit CTOHMOCTH ACBCr H:J-38 HB~ (T.e. CBHJK&CTC.I DOK}'IJ&TCJihBU CDOCOt'SBOCI'h ACBCr). g/ B rJI8B8X 9-14 ot'S~aJOTC.I KOBKpCTB&IC upodneMW, C)'lllen'&JIODUIC I PIWinBY• CHTopax SKOBOMHKH Y36cKHCTIB8 IJpH BLIBCWBCJl CHCTCMC.  - 14- OBoEM fiPOH3BO):(CTBA H 3AHR:TOCTh Ta6mrua 2.1 2.14 :Snaro.n;apx aaJKHOCTH, KOTopyro lla,u;eaHe o6"LeMa npoHlBO,Il;CTBa B CTpaBax 6wsmero CCCP cenLcKoe xo3xAcTao Y36eKHCTaua u (a rrpoueanx BBll) OC}'lUeCTBIDieMLIA HM SKCUOPT CLiphK HMeiOT KaK ;ri.JIJl CTpaH 6Lmwero CCCP, TaK H .n;ml ru>YrHX CTpau 1991 1992 MHpa. SKOHOMHKa Y36eKHCTaHa 8 HeCKOJILKO MeHLWeA CTeneuu noCTpa.n;ana OT cna.n;a 8HewueA ToproBJIH, KOTOphiM conpo80JK.D;aJICJI pacna.n; CCCP. ApMCHIDI -12 -53 lleM 6oJILWHHCT80 APYrHX pecny6nHK (eM. Ta6nuuy A:Jep6aH,l:oKilu -2 -26 2.1). O.InlaKO B 1992 r. TeMn na,u;eHIDI peaJILHoro ECJiapycb -2 -10 06'heMa npOH380,IJ;CTBa 8LIPOC H3-3a 3HatmTeJILHOI"O ~28 rpy3HJI -45 yxy.n;weHHX YCJI08HA BHewueA TOprOBJIH H B K!13aXtTaB -7 -14 pe3yJILTaTe cuiDKeHID[ T08apoo6opoTa 8HewueA Kl.Jpfbi3CTaH -4 -26 TOpl"'BJIH H 06'LeMa KaDHTaJIOBJIOJKeHHH. B 1991 r. JlaTBHJI -8 -44 peanLHLIA BBIT CHH3Hncx ua 14 npou;euToa, a B .J!HTBa -15 -39 Mo~oaa -18 -21 1992 r. OH, DO OD;eHKaM, ,D;OUOJIHHTeJILHO CHH3:UJIC.K PoccHJI -8 -19 ua 13 npol.leHT08. Hae6onee KpyToe CHIDKeune T a,I:OKHK.HCTaB -9 -25 06'heMa npOH3BO,D;CTBa npOH30WJIO 8 DO,D;CeKTOpe TypKMeBHCTaH -1 -9 CTpOHTeJILCTBa ( CM. Ta6JIHD;Y 2.2). B Y36cDCTaB -0,5 -10 npOMbiWJieHHOM DO,D;CeKTope 06'beM npOH3BO,!J;CTBa YKpaima -11 -20 3CTOBHJI -11 -25 CHH3HJICX B 3HaliHTeJILHO MeHLWeA CTeneHH. Hau6onee cepLe3HOe cueJKeuue o6'heMa npOH3BO,D;CTBa npOH30WJIO B XHMHlleCKOM H HCTO'IBHKH: llaMRTHI>IC 3BD'HCKH Bcer.rnpaoro EaaKa o6 arponpOMLnuneuHOM no)l;ceKTOpax. Bnarop;apx SKOHOMH'ICCKOM DOJIO:lKCHHH CTpaH, rocKOMIIPOI'H03CT&T H paC'ICTbl ero COTIJY.D;HHKOB. xopomeMY ypoJKaiO, nonyqeHHOMY 8 Y36eKHcTane B 1992 r., 06'heM ceJibCKOX03XHCT8eHHOI"O npGH3BO,D;CTBa CHH3H1ICK 3a I'O)l; B He3HalJHTeJILHOfi CTeDeHH. B 1992 r. 06'beM KanHTaJIOBJIOJKeH:UH 3H2lJHTeJILHO }'MeHLWHJIC.sl. no OcPHD;HaJILHblM on;eHKaM, OR 3 CHH3HJICX C 1991 r. npHMepHO Ha 12 npon;eHT08. llpH TOM, 'ITO COKpall(eHHe npOH3BO,IJ;CTBa B Y36eKHCTaHe 6Lmo CaMLIM HH3KHM cpe.n;u pecny6JIHK 6Lmwero CCCP, 6~:.m:u cepLe3HLI 3aTPOHYTLI KaK ypoaeuL no'Tpe6JieUHX, TaK H 06'heM HHBeCTHD;Hff. 2.15 CytQeCTBYIO~aJI 3arulTOCTh UO.n;)l;ep.>KH8aeTCX nyTeM 3HatiHTeJILHOI"O DOHIDKeHIDI peaJILHOA 3apa6ornoA nnaTLr, liTO npHBOAHT K uenonuoA 3aiDITOCTH pa6oTaroJ.D;:ux. B 1992-93 rr. peaJILHax 3apa6omu nnaTa 3aMeTHO cHH3HJiacL. B TelleHHe 1992 r. cpe)l;H.s~K peaJILHax 3apa6oTuax nnaTa ynaJia ua 54 npou;eHTa, a MHHHMaJILHax pea.nLuax 3apa6oTHax nnaTa- ua 74 npou;euTa (eM. Ta6Jnnzy 2.2). KpoMe Toro, 8 1992 r. YMeHLWHJIHCb pa3JIHlJIDI 8 3apa60THOH nJiaTe. I10 OD;eHKaM, B 1992 r. peaJILHLie COBOK}'IIHLie JIH'iHLie ,u;eHe}KHLie ,D;OXO.n;LI CeMeA (8 BH,D;e 3apa60THOA nJiaThi, neHCHA H .n;pymx noco6H11) CHH3HJIHCL B peaJILHOM 4 8LipaJKeHHH HeCKOJILKO 60Jiee 'I eM Ha 50 npOI.J;eHT08. UEHhl 2.16 XoTx 60JILWHHCTBO 8HyTpeuuux u;eu 6LIJIH cpa3y JK:e JIH6epanH30BaHLI a 5£HBape 1992 r., 8 D;eJIOM ,IJ;O OKT516px 1992 r. D;eHLI 8 Y36eKHCTaHe 6LIJIH 3Ha':IHTeJILHO HIDKe n;en 8 ,n;pymx pecny6JIHKax 6Lmmero CCCP. CpaaueuHe ueu ua 12 ocuosuLrx npo,n;oBOJILCT8eHHE»IX Tosapo8 (BKnroqax M}'KY, xne6, ~~ 3Ta IJ,HcJ>pa BC COOTBCTCTBYCT DOJIY'ICBBOi\:)J.JIJI DO~CCKTopa CTpOHTCJibCTBa BCJIH'IHBC CBIDKCBHJl qMll, KOTOpiUI COCTUWI& 39 DPOUCBTOB. !/ flpHB~CBBDIC UH~PDI peaJILBOJl3apa60TBOHDJIBTbl H JIH'IBL!X~OXO,IJ;OB CCMCH DO'ITH BSBCpHJIKa JIBJIJilOTCJ13aBbiiDCBBWMH H3-3& TOrO, 'ITO ,u;o JIH6Cp8JIH3&1UIH U,CB, OC)'InCCTBJICBBOJl B JIBBape 1992 r., CfmCCTBOBIUIH Bbi~CBHbiC c6epeJKCBHJI (HMCJI NCCTO H36&rrOK ,IJ;CBCJKBOJl M&CCLJ).  - 15- rOB.SI,II,HHY • CJUIBOliHOe MaCJIO H paCTHTeJILHOe MaCJIO), H3 KOTOpbiX T~2.2 IJ;eHLI Ha 7 TOBapOB KOHTpOJIHpyroTC.SI Y36coCTIUL MupoHoBoiiB'Iecoe DOD3a'I"CJDD1992-93 IT. rocy,D;apCTBOM, DOKa3aJIO, liTO ,D;JI.Sl 8 H3 STHX 12 Toaapoa pa3pbm a u;euax Me~ Y36eKHcTaHOM H PoccHe~ 06'bCM IIPOH3BO,I(CTBil (pcaJibBbJC TCMIILI pOCTa) 1992 1993 BBll -9.6 BLipOC. 16 OKT.S16p.sr 1992 r. tiMll -12.9 DpaBHTeJILCTBO 3Ha"'HTeJibHO llOBbiClUIO CCJILCKOC X03DCT80 -7.3 BliyrpeHHHe IJ;eHbi Ha 3HeprOHOCRTeJIH. llpOMLIWJICDBOCTL -12.3 3TO DOBLIWeHHe II;eH Ha CrpoHTCJibCTBO -42.3 3HeprOHOCHTeJIH Oll07HMO DOBJIH.SIJIO TpaDcnopT H CBJI3b -7.3 llpo'IHC CCKTOphl -5.1 Ha IJ;eHLI Ha .i];pyrne TOBapbi H ycJiyrn, H B DOCJie,D;HH~ KBapTaJI 1992 r. TeMllbi ToproBbiJl 6aJiaBC (B X BBTI) -12~ HHcPJI.SID;HH BLIPOCJIH (eM. TaOJIHI.zy MeJKpccey6JIHKaDcKu ToproBJIJI -9.4. 2.3). 11pxMLre cyocH.II;HH ua BaemBJUI ToproBJIJI -2.8 sueprouocuTeJIH OLIJIH coxpaneHbi l.I,CB.'.>I H 3apa60TH8JI DJiaTa (H3MCDCBHC B IIPO~CHT&X)6 TOJILKO ,II,JUI OLITOBoiX noTpeoHTenefi H 790a,r 3006 PolD~BbiC ~eDbi TpaucnopTa. fiLIJIH ycTanoaneHbi 0DTOBbiC ~CDLI 27008 24s6 DOTOJIKH Ha D;eHLI Ha 3HeprOHOCHTeJIH; Cpe,IJ;HJIJI BOMHHaJibBIUI 3apa6oTBIUI DJiaTa 612 3006 B u;eJIOM 3TH llOTOJIKH npeBLIWaiOT IJ;eHL! Ha 3HeprOHOCHTeJIH, PcaJibDIUI 3apa6ornu DJiaTaA -54 PeaJibDIUI MHBHMaJibDIUI 3apa60TBIUI DJiaTaA.e -74 C~eCTBYIOI.UHe B ,IJ,pyrHX CTpaHaX 6LIBmero CCCP. B KOHIJ;e ,D;eKa6p.SI 1992 r. KOHTpOJIHpyeMLie D;eHLI Ha CeML OCHOBHbiX npO,D;OBOJibCTBeHHbiX HCTO'IDHKlr. rocKOMIIPOI'B03CTilT, MBcP B pllC'ICThl COTP~On TOBapOB H ropO,II,CKOH TpaHCllOpT BceMiqmoro liaaKa. OCTaBaJIHCL HIDKe IJ;eH, .II;efiCTBOBaBWHX j/ C .I(cKa6p.ll 1992 r. no HJODb 1993 r. a coce,lUIHX pecny6n:nKax. O.II;HaKO s fl./ 3a DCpBhi:A KBapTaJI 1993 r. IJO cpaBBCBHIO C DCpBLIM DapTIIJIOM HIOJie 1993 r. 6Lma npoae,IJ;eHa 1992 r. ,II,aJILHeAWa.SI JIHOepaJIH3aD;IDI u;eu. llo,u; J/ PaC'ICTBOC H3MCDCBHC ~CD II upOQCBTilX DO cpUBCirBJO C TeM ZC DOJIHLIM KOHTpOJieM OCTaJIHCb JIHWL nepHO,D;OM ro.I(OM paace. u;eHbi ua xne6, MYKY H ropo,II,cKoA f/ HMCJOTC.ll .I(IlBDLIC, CBH,D;CTCJILCTB)'JO~C 0 3aBIDICCBBOCTH WI'OI'O DOKa31lTCJIJI. TpaHcnopT. lJ/ 3Ta JJ.H~pa Bblp!L1KCBil B ODTOBLIX QCBBX. ~~ C JIBBap.ll 1992 r. DO JIBB&pb 1993 r. 2.17 l13-3a OWH60K B CTaTHCTH'IeCKHX ,u;aHHbiX, KOTOpbie CB.SI3aHLI C HeCOBepWeHCTBOM MeTO,IJ,OB, HCllOJib3yeMbiX B HaCTO.Sl~ee BpeM.SI rocy,D;apCTBeHHLIM KOMHTeTOM no CTaTHCTHKe H nporno3a.M, onpe,D;eJIHTL ¢aKTHllecKHe TeMnLI HHcPJI.SlUHH, npoucxo,D;HaweA a Y36eKHCTaue B 1992 r., OlleHL Tpy,II,HO. C ,II,eKa6p.Sl 1991 r. ,II,O ,II,eKa6p.SI 1992 r., TeMDbi HHcPJI.SlUHH ,II,ID[ OnTOBLIX H p03HHliHbiX IJ;eH 3a COOTBeTCTBYJOI.UHe nepHO,IU»I COOTBeTCTBeHHO COCTaBHJIH 2700 npou;eHTOB H 790 npou;eHTOB. TeMllbi HHcPJI.SliJ;HH, Onpe,II,eJieHHLie DO MeC.SiliHbiM HH,II,eKCaM u;eH, 6LIJIH COOTBeTCTBeHHO paBHLI 5 8900 npou;euTaM H 900 npou;enTaM. §./ 0,IJ;BaKO DOCKOJlbKf 3TH ~Hcpphl DOJIY'ICDhl Da OCDOBC HB,II,CKCOBo OTPUCaJOIIUfX DC8311CWCBBhlC cpe,JVIHC 3B&~CBJU QCB aa DOTPCt5HTCJILCKHC TonapLJ. BhiCOKHc TCMin.l poCTa ~ca 11 1992 r. IJPHBCJIH 1t 3aB&rmeDHJO c:yMMBpBhlx ~cKcoa. B PocCBH TeNIIhl BB~. ODpC.I(CJICDDbJC TCM JKC CDOC060M 311 TOT JKC DCpHO~ COCTUHJIH OKOJIO 6040 IJPO~CBTOII AJ1J1 ODTOB&IX QCD B 2430 upOQCDTOB AJU1 po3D~DhlX ~CH. flpH CpaBBCDHH ~CD B POCCHH 311 C:OOTBCTCTB)'JOD.\HC DCpHO~ t5YJIO oCSaap)'3CCBOo 111'0 ODTOIIhiC qemaa DOBhiCHJIHCb IJPHMCPDO aa 3270 npou.cBTos. a po3D~BL!c U.CDY a ropo.I(c - npHMcpao aa 2300 npou.eBToa. DowroM)' CJie,JQ'CT DOAXO,Jgn'b K ~aBDbiM 0 U.CDilX C 6oJibWOJl OCTOpOJKBOCTblO.  -16- fOCY~APCTBEHH~E3AKA3~ T~2.3 2.18 XoT.SI npaBHTeJILCTBO }(n•MD'& qCB a 1992 r.a DO KCCIIQU( npH~HJIO K COKp~eHHIO ,D;OHH npo,u;yKIJ;HH, no,u;ne.xcaiiJ;eA 0DTOBYC ~CBY Po311J111&Ye ~eBY pacnpe.u;eneuuro 'lepe3 cucTeMy (sa TOBipY H YCJIYI'II) ro~ Mec~ HB,D;eKc TeMU H.lJ,D;cKc TcMD rocy,u;apcTBeHHbiX 3aKasoa, eiiJ;e HB~ HB~ CYIIJ;eCTBYIOT 60JibWHe B03MO.JKHOCTH AJ1.S1 COBepweHCTBOBaHH.SI MeXaHH3MOB CTHMYJIHpOBaHHX, HCDOJib3yeMb~ B 1991 12 100 7 100 5 DpOH3BO,D;CTBeHHhlX CeKTOpax 1992 1 475 375 241 141 2 511 8 293 22 SKOHOMHKH cTpaHLI. HanpuMep, a 3 563 10 328 12 HaCT05IIIJ;ee apeM51 npo.u;aJKe rocy.u;apcrsy 4 602 7 278 -15 no,nne.xcaT 80 npou;eHTOB XJIODKa, 50 5 698 16 320 15 npou;eHTOB QJPYKTOB H OBO~eA H 20-80 6 757 9 357 11 npou;eHTOB npOMbllDJieHHOA npO,JJyKD;HH. 7 799 6 409 15 8 865 8 503 7 9 978 13 537 7 BIO,lli'KETHhiA ~EfllHUHT 10 1595 63 605 13 11 2378 49 739 22 2.19 HecMOTP.SI ua noTp51cenWI, 12 2788 17 887 20 BLI3BannLre pacna,u;oM CCCP, H 1993 1 4077 46 1551 76 2 4546 12 1.754 13 HeCMOTpX Ha TO, 'ITO B pe3yJib'faTe 3TOro 3 5376 18 ~ 1-' B Y36eKHCTaH nepecTanH nocrynaTL 4 5572 4 2498 25 cpe,D;CTBa H3 COI03HOro ()ro,ICKeTa H 5 7458 34 2908 16 CHH3HJIC.SI peaJibHbi:A 06'beM 6 9608 29 3490 20 npOH3BOACTBa, npaBHTeJibCTBY CTPaHLI y,u;aJIOCb OrpaHH'IHTb peaJibHYe HCTO"'BlliCH: rocKOMIJPOI'B03CHT H pa~eTW COTPy,u;BHJtOII BceNIIpBOI'O rocy.u;apCTBeHH&Ie pacxo,D;bl. XoT.SI AJI.SI lilliiKL Toro, 'IT06LI ,u;epxaTL pacxo.u;LI s y3,11;e, !f TeNDY BB~ t'SLIJIH OIJp~eJICIIY B& OCBOH npaBHTeJILCTBO Y36eKHCTaHa B OCHOBHOM DPHB~CIIBYX ~01 Ta~e HB,D;Cir:COII ~CD DO II cpuaeBHJO c ~e&IMIIII TON x.:e wec~e up~ero ro-. pacxo.u;oaano cpe,u;crsa H3 TeKYIIJ;Hx ~OXO~OB, pe3yJILTaTbl oneHKH HCDOJIHeHHOrO rocy.u;apCTBeHHOrO 6ro,JUKeTa Ha 1992 r. CBH,D;eTeJibCTByroT 0 TOM, 'ITO 06IIJ;a.11 C)'MMa paCXO,D;OB COCTaBHJia 45 npo~eHTOB BBD, a no npe,IUJapHTeJibHbiM OIJ;eHKaM Ha 3a nepBLIA KBapTaJI 1993 r. COCTaBHJia 56 npou;eHTOB OT BBO. 3Ha'IHTeJibH}'IO ,D;OJIIO 3THX paCXO,D;OB COCTaBJI.SIIOT paCXO,D;bi Ha COIUfaJIIdlble npOrpaMMbl. H3-3a npeKpaJ.Qe!IHJI DOcrynJieiUI.SI cpe,D;CTB H3 COI03HOro ()ro,u;.xceTa 3Ha'IHTeJILHO CHH3HJiaCb 06li(U C}'MMa rocy,u;apCTBeHIILIX .u;oxo.u;oa: oua onycTHnac& npuMepuo .u;o 34 npou;eHToa BBn. nosTOMY s 1992 6ro,IOKembiA: .u;e<PHIJ;HT 6 (nOHHMaeMbl:A B Y3KOM CMhiCJie CJIOBa) B py6JI.SIX COCTaBIIJI OKOJIO 11 npou;eHTOB BBn • XOT.SI CYAJI DO IUIQJPaM B Ta6JIHIJ;e 2.4 B nepBOM KBapTaJie 1993 r. HMeJIClt H3JIHWeK, K 3THM npe,IUJapHTeJILHLIM ,D;aHHLIM CJie,DYeT DO,D;XO,JUITb OCTOPOJKHO. 2.20 ,no ceHT.SI6pa 1992 r. QlaKTH'Iecme cyMMLI ,u;oxo,u;os H pacxo,u;os OCTaBaJIHCh npRcSJIH3HTeJibBo Ha sannauHpOBaHHhiX YPOBH.SIX. 0,D;HaKO pe3KHI CKa'IOK ~eH Ba 3HeproHOCHTeJIH B OKT.SI6pe 1992 r. DOB.JIHgJ( Ha COCTO.SIHHe roc()ro,u;.xceTa B TOM OTHOWeHHH, 'ITO B 'IHCJie DpO'Iero OH yseJIII'IHJI 06"LeM np.SIMLIX cy6cif,D;HA. B CTpaue Bee e~e COXPaiDIIOTCJI cy6CH,D;HH; D OCHOBHOM STO cy6CH.JU!H H8 6LITOBOe DOTpe()JieBHe sueprouocHTeneA H ua o6mecrseuHbiA TpaucnopT. llpeKp~euue nepe'IHCJieuuA: cpe,u;CTB H3 MocKBLI, o6~u: CYMMa KOTOphiX B 1991 r. COCTaBHJia OKOJIO 19,5 npOIJ;eHTa, OK838JIO 3H8'1HTeJILHOe BJIH.SIHHe Ha COCTOJIHBO t5IO,u;.xceTa (eM. Ta6nuxzy 2.4). 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Ha 3TOT aanor pacnpoeTpaH.sreTe.K .o;enhm pH.n; HeKJIIOl{eHHit HanpBMep, 3THM HaJIOrOM oonararoTe.K 25 npou;eHTOB ,u;oxo.n;a BHOBb e03)J,aHHbiX npe.n;rrpH.SITBH B nepBhm ro.n; H 50 npoo;eHTOB HX ,D;OXO,ZJ;OB BO BTOpOff rO,D;, O,D;HaKO HM Ha OOJiararoTe.K HHOeTpaHHI:.Ie BHBeeTBI(BB B COBMeeTHLie npe,u;npH.SITH.si (C 30-npon;eHT!-~LIM .HHOCTpaHHLIM 8 yqaeTHeM). 2.24 ,D;JI.K oonLlliHHeTBa uanoronnaTeJILil.(HKOB Al.lf.lHbli1 nodoxodHbdl Hanm uenocpe,n;cTBeHHO B3HMaeTe.SI C npe,n;npiDITHH TOr,n;a, KOr,IJ,a OHH BLIDJial{HBaiOT 3apaOOTIJYIO DJiazy. B 1992 r. DO ero ,IJ;OXO,D;aM HaeeJieHHe no,n;pa3,n;eJI.srJIOeb Ha ceML rpynn, KOTOpLie OOJiarani:{Cb HaJ!OraMH DO CTaBKaM, COCTaamlBlllHM OT 12 .n;o 60 npou;eHTOB. Ilepsa.sr 1000 py6. a Mec.sru; STHM HaJioroM He o6naranaeL. CefriJae JIHtJ:HL!M IIO,IJ;OXO,Il;HhiM HaJIOfOM He OOJiaraeTe.SI MHHHMaJibHa.SI 3apaOOTHa.5f DJiaTa. B DOeJie,IJ;Hee BpeMJI H3-3a oqeHb He3HatiHTeJibHOff pa3HHil;LI B ,D;OXO,D;aX H TOrO, 'ITO 60JibWHHCTBO HaeeJieHIDI HMeeT HH3KHe ,D;OXO,IJ;LI, DO'ITH Bee HaJIOrOnJiaTeJibll.(HKH OTHOe.SITC.SI K nepsoff rpynne. 3THM Ha.nOrOM 06JiaraeTCX TOJibKO 50 DPO~eHTOB ,n;oxo,n;a JIHU: e TpeMll HJIH 66JILWHM 'IHCJIOM ~HBeHu;es. KpoMe Toro, ~effCTBYJOT uecKOJILKO ,u;pyrnx OeBOOOiK,IJ;eHHfi OT ynJiaTbl JIH'IHOfO DO,D;OXO,D;HOfO HaJIOra: HM He 06JiaraiOTeX CTY,D;eHtJ:eCKHe CTHneH,IJ;HH, neuenOHHhm ~oxo,n;, onaroTBOPHTeJILHLre no)KepTBOBaHIDI H ,u;oxo,D;, ucnOJih3yeMLm ~IDI npuo6peTeHIDI axu;eA roey,n;apcTBeHHhiX npe,n;npiDlTHA. Ilpou;eHTHLIB ,IJ;OXO,IJ; DO 6aHKOBeKHM BKJia,IJ;aM H roey,n;apCTBeHHbiM D;eHHbiM 6YMaraM TaK)Ke He o6naraeTe.sr 3THM uanoroM. 2.25 B Mae 1993 r. 6LIJI BBe,tt;eH HOBLW HaJIOr B pa3Mepe 35 npou;eHTOB Ha ttOczynJieHIDI B TBep,u;o:A: sanroTe. HanoroM o6JiararoTcx see BaJIIOTHLie noczynneHH.sr OT onepa[(HA, npou3ae,u;eHH:biX B Y36eKHCTaHe, 3a HeKJifOt.IeHHeM OT,JJ;eJibHLIX eTaTeH, OeB060)K,II;eHHLIX OT Ha.JIOra (TpauenOpTHbie H rpy30BLie paCXO,IJ;LI, cTpaxosauue, npou;eHTLI u T.n.). Ha'IHHa.sr c 16 HIOJll[ 1993 r. Ha.JIOry no,o;Jie-'KaT ace 6apTepnLre c,u;enKH co CTpaHaMH. He BXOWfll.(HMH B py6JieByiO 30H}', B 3aBHeHMOeTH OT eTOHMOeTH KOHTpaKTa. 113 CYMMLI HaJIOra 25 npou;eHTHLIX nyHKTOB OT'IHeJI.sreTe.sr IJ;eHTpaJibHOM}' npaBHTeJILCTBy, 20 npoo;eHTOB nepeqHCIDieTeX He,IJ;aBHO e03,IJ;aHHOMY PeenyOJIHKaHeKOMy MOHeTapHOMy cPOH,D;Y H 5 npou;eHTOB C~aeTeR I..J;eHTpaJibHOMY 6aHKy flO PLIHOtiHOMY o6MeHHOMY xypey. OcTaawuee.sr 10 npou;eHTOB noeTYIIaroT s BaJIIOTHbie ¢>oH,D;LI TawKeHTa, ,u;pyrnx 12 oonaeTeA H Pecny6nHKH KapaKannaKeTaH OeTaTOK BaJIIOTHLIX DOCTYIJJieHHH npe,D;nprurrell IIO,IJ;Jie.>KHT BKJia,DY B 3aperneTpHpOBaHHLie 6aHJrn, a HX H3'b.SITHe npOH3BO,D;HTe.SI COrJiaCHO DOJIO.>KeHIDIM 0 pea.JIR3al(HH TBep,n;otf BaJIIOTbi. 2.26 IlOMHMO JIHtJ:HOfO DO)l;OXO,D;HOrO HaJIOra, C 1991 r. B3HMaeTeJI HCUIOZ C ¢oHdcJ 3ClpCJ6omHoi1 Tl.llCJITl.'bL PaooTo,n;aTeJIH nnaT.srT 37 npou;eHTOB o6~en CYMMhi 3apa60THOn nJiaTbi, a pa6orneKH - 1 npou;eHT HX 3apaoOTKa. 3TH HaJIOrH HanpaBJI.SIIOTC.si B ,D;Ba BHe6IOAJI{eTHLIX <j)OH,IJ;a COIJ;Ha.JibHOff 3auJ;BTLI. B 1991 r. BMeeTO eTaporo eOI03HOfO neHCHOHHOfO cpOH,IJ;a opaBHTeJibCTBO yqpe,D;HJIO lleHCHOHHLlA cpOH,n, H B Hero §/ COBMCCTBbiC rrpe,ro:IpHJITHJI C IIpJIMblM HBOCTpBHHLIM y.IICTHCM, OTBOC~HCC.II K DPHOpHTCTBLIM CCKTOpaM 3KOBOMHJOI, OCBOfio~aiOTC.II OT yruiBThl UO~OXO~oro HaJIOra C DpC~HJITHH 8 TC'ICBHC WITH JICT.  -19- noCTY11aeT 82,5 npou;eHTa ua.noros c <l>oii)J;a 3apa6omo:A nnaTLI. lloMHMO neucu:A, ITeucuouu&IA <l>oH,D; BbiiiJia'IHBaeT DOC06IDI Ha ,D;eTe:A. 0CTaJILHaJI 'laCTb HaJIOroBO:A BLip)"'KH HaDpaBIDieTCJI B <POHA COD;Ha.JILHOro crpaxosaum~, KOTOpLm BLmna'IHBaeT u;enLm PJIA noco6u:A ua yposue npeAfipWITH:A no peweuuro MeCTHoA DPO<I>COI03HOA OpraHH3aiJ;HH. B 1992 r. 6LIJI C03AaH eii(e OAHH 4>011)1; - <I»OH,D; 3aHJITOCTH, <I>HHaHCHpyeMhl:A 3a C'leT ,D;ODOJIHHTeJILHOro TpexnpOD;eHTHOro HaJIOI"a, KOTOpLIM o6naraeTCJI cJ>OHA 3apa6omo:A DJiaTLI npeAfiprurm:A, H, sepo.SITHO, 3a c'leT uenocpe,u;CTBeHHLIX nepe'!Hcneuu:A cpe,u;CTB H3 roc6IOAJKeTa. <Poii)J; 3aHJITOCTH cnyXHT AIDI sr:.mnaTLI noco6uA no 6e3pa6oTHu;e, npose;a;euu nepeo6yqeum~ H OKa3aHHJI noMo~ B yCTpo:ACTae ua pa6ozy. Pacxo,[lw 2.27 nocne pacna,u;a CCCP 66nLwu 'laCTL co~uanLHhiX nporpaMM npo,u;oiDKana ocYII(eCTBJUITLCJI Y36eKHCTaHOM 3a c'leT KpynnLIX 6ro,JOKeTHhiX H sue6ro,IOKeTHhiX cpe,o;cTB. B 1991 r. o6~aJI CYMMa pacxo,~~;os ua COD;HaJILHhle H}'.}K)U)I COCTaBHJia OKOJIO 29,1 npo~eHTa BBTI; 3TH cpe,D;CTBa 6LIJIH H3paCXO,D;OBaHLI Ha cy6cu,u;uu u noco6IDI ,o;eT.SIM (22,3 npo~eHTa) H ua neucuu (6,8 npo~eHTa). 9 B 1992 r. pacxo;a;LI ua COinfaJihHDie uyJK,JUJI BLipOCJIH npHMepHO ,11;0 23 npo~eHTOB BBTI; H3 HHX 12 npou;eHTOB (nOTpe6HTeJibCKHe cy6CH,D;HH) ci>HHaHCHpOBanHCb H3 roc6ro,IVKeTa. HLmeWIDUI DOJIHTHKa He .HBIDieTCJI SKOHOMH'IeCKH onpas,u;auuo:A. 2.28 llOCKOJILKY D;eHLI Ha 3HeproHOCHTeJIH KOCBeHHLIM 06pa30M cy6CHAHPYIOTCJI nyTeM peryJIHpOBaHIDl u;eu10, 9TH cy6CH,D;HH B OCHOBHOM He OTpaJKaiOTCJI B <I>HCKan:hHOM 6IO,JOKeTe (DOHHMaeMOM B Y3KOM CMLICJie CJIOBa) H D09TOMY HX Henocpe,Q;CTBeHHOe BJIIDIHHe ()y,u;eT MeHee 3Ha'IHTeJihHLIM. O,u;uaxo HX BJimlHHC Ha KOHCOJIH,IUipOBaHHLJA 6IO,JOKeT 6y,u;eT HaMHOro 60JibWHM, DOCKOJILKY TaM HeJib3JI CKpblTL 6onee BbiCOKHe D;eHLI Ha uecJ>Tb, KOTOPLie ,D;OJDKHLI DOKa3LIBaTbC.H: B OT'IeTax 0 pe3yJILTaTax X0351fJCTBeHHO:A ,D;eJITeJILHOCTH COOTBeTCTBYfOII(HX npeAfipHJITH:A. llOCKOJILKY 9TH npe,u;npWITIDI npHHa,D;Jie.>KaT rocy,u;apCTBy, 3TH y6LITKH cl>aKTH'IeCKH .H:BIDIIOTCJI y6LITKaMH KOHCOJIH,IUfpOBaHHOro rocy,u;apCTBeHHOro 6IO,u;xceTa. Ta.KWI CTPYKTYPa roc6IOAJKeTa CBH,D;eTeJILCTByeT o TOM, 'ITO CYII(ecrsyeT ueo6xoJUtMOCTb s CHCTeMe 11 KOHCOJIH,D;BpOBaHHOA 6IOmteeTHOA OT'IeTHOCTH. .HHAHCOBAJI CHCTEMA 2.29 XoTJI c Tex nop, KaK Y36eKHCTau o6peJI He3aBHCHMOCTL. ero cpuuaucoaaJI CTpyrrypa H3MenunacL, MHome H3 ee crapbiX oco6eunoCTe:A 6LIJIH coxpaueHLI. ITepaona'laJILHO a CCCP .u;e:ACTaoaanu 'leTLrpe 6auKa, BLmOJIIDlBWHX Pa3HLie cJ>ynKD;HH- KOMMep'!eCirnA 6auK, HJIH lbc6cDoc, c6eperaTeJILHLW 6aHK, HJIH ctiep6aHic, BHeWHeTOproBLifl 6aHK, HJIH ~. H CTpOHTeJILHLm 6aHK, HJIH Cmpoi16aHK. POJIL foc6auKa npHWIJI ua ce6g UeHTpanLHLI:A 6auK, a 4>YHKD;HH auewneToproaoro 6aHKa a onpe,u;eJieuuo:A CTeneuu nepewJIH K Ha~uonanLHOMY 6aHJcy. XOT.K MeCTHLie oT,u;enenHJI C6ep6auKa 6LIJIH neperpynnupoaauLI c o6pa30BaHHeM C6eperaTenLuoro 6auKa Y36eKHcraua, ouu npo,u;oJDKaroT ,u;eACTBOBaTL no,u; PYKOBO,D;CTBOM UeHTpaJILHOro 6anKa 6e3 KaKHx-nu6o oco6LIX H3Meueuu:A. B TO xe caMoe apeMJI Y36eKHCTau HMeeT ,u;aa JCpynHLIX CeKTOpaJILHLIX 6auKa - CeJILCKOX03JIACTBeHHDIA H CTPOHTeJILHLI:A, a TaiOKe HeCKOJibKO ue60JILIDHX KOMMep"tJeCKHX 6aHKOB, KOTOpLie B OCHOBHOM BLICTYJiaiOT B Ka'leCTBe DOCpe,D;HHKOB Me)K,D;y npe,u;npiDITHJIMH H OCTaJILHO:A 'laCTLIO ()auKOBCKO:A CHCTeMLI. 2.30 npu HLIHewue:A <I>HHaHCOBOA CTPYKTYPe Y36eKHCTaHa peanLHLie npou;eHTHLie CTaBKH OCTaiOTCJI B BLICWe:A CTeDeHH OTpH~aTeJILHLIMH. K HIOHIO 1993 r. cpe,u;ruur IIOMHHaJILHaJI CTaBKa npo~eHTa DO BKJia,D;aM fl/ B rnaac 8 4t0CBOBY COIUfaJibBOA 3~ CO,llCpJKHTc• UO.JQJO«SBOC ODHCBBHC CTpYJCTYPY CHc:TCMLI COIUfaJibBOA 3annn'Y Y36cmcraua. 10/ B 1992 ~CBY aa 3BCproBOCWl'CJIH BKJII0118JIH B c:c«S•ICilK CKpLIT)'JO cy«SCJWOO (T.c. OBH «SWIH BIDKC MIIPOBLIX ~CB), TH B 09}'10 cy6ciWOO (OBH «SLIJIH BIDKC CC«SCCTOBMOc:TH). !!/ B B&c:TO.KiltCC BPCMJI KaKHX-JIHfSO B~C~YX ~BBBYX 0 BBC6JO.JJ;)KCTBbiX 4lo~ax BC HMCCTC••  -20- COCTaBHJia BCero JIHWL 25 npo~eHTOB, MaKCHMaJILHa.K nepeyqeTHrul CTaBKa ~eHTpaJibHOro 6anKa 6LIJia paBBa 40 npo~eHTaM, a HaHBLICWaJI CTaBKa ccyAUoro npou;eHTa H~oHa.TILHOro 6anKa coCTaanna 100 npo~eBTOa. CHCTEMA DJIATE~A 2.31 B XO)J;e DOCTeneHHOA 3aMeHLI CTapofl CHCTeMLI KJIHPHHI"OBLIX pacqeTOB HOBOA MeE6aHKOBCKOA CHCTeMOfl npo~ecc KJlHPHHra 3aMe)J;IDIJIC.sl. Ha AaHHOM STaDe o6pa60TKa nnaTeEeA 3a,D;ep}KHBaeTCJI H3-3a HellpOH3BO~CTBa DJiaTeJKefl APymMH yqaCTHHKaMH. llOCKOJibicy KOppeKTHpOBKa B KO~e DpOH3BO)J;CTBeBHOI'O .ll;HKJia yxe He OC~eCTBJij[eTC.sl, STa CHCTeMa DOCJie)J;OBaTeJILHLIX DJiaTeEefl MO.JKeT 6LICTpO CO~TJ. 4>HHaHCOBLIA ((3aTopn B TOM cnyqae, ecJIH npe,nnpH.SITH.SI He HMeiOT DOJIO.JKHTeJILHOro can~O Ha HX C'leTax. flo. Mepe H3KODJieHH.sl 3~ep.JKeK 6y,IzyT HaKaDJIHBaTLC.SI 3~0JDKeHHOCTH. 12 H3-3a TOro, 'ITO KOMMepqecKBe H OTpacJieBLie 6aHJrn He HMeiOT B3aHMHLIX KOppeCDOH,D;eHTCKHX C'leTOB, KJIHpHHr OC~eCTBJI.SieTC.JI TOJILitO UeHTpaJILHLIM 6aHKOM Y36eKHCTana. TaKoA nop.SI)J;OK ew;e 6onLwe 3aMe~JI.SieT npou;ecc KJIHPHHJ"a. nocKom.xy 60JILWOA DOTOK DJiaTe.»eeff )J;OJDKeH npOXO)J;HTb tJepe3 O)J;HO yqpeJK,U;eHHe. B TO xe CaMOe BpeM.sJ: o6w;ee OnzyJ..UeHHe, liTO ll,eHTPaJILHLm 6aHK BLIP}"IHT y6biTO'IHLie npe,u;nprurrH.SI, He HC'Ie3JIO. 3-fo O~eHHe DO)J;pLIBaeT CTHMYJI K TOMY, 'IT06LI nepep; TeM, KaK npe,D;OCTaBHTL Kpe,D;HT, npe,IUiprurrne OD;eHHJIO BepOJITHOCTJ. ero norameHH.SI, H B pe3yJILTaTe ,o;pyroe npe,D;npwrrHe no.rryqaeT B03MOJKHOCTL HaKanJIHBaTL ,u;e6HTopcme 38.D;OJDKeHHOCTH. 0,IUiaKO 3a,llep.JKKH B DJiaTeXax, KOTOpble BCJie,IJ;CTBHe STOro HMeiOT MeCTO, 06XOAfi'I'CJI npeAJipiDITH.sJ:M-Kpe,IUITOpaM oqenL ,u;oporo. 2.32 B pe3yJILTaTe COBOKy.DHOI"O )J;e'ACTBH.SI STHX T~2.5 cl>aKTOpOB, a TaK.JKe n~eHIDI neuc.xawe DOitU8TCJDII o6'LeMa peanLHoro (1992-3JT.) 060pOTIIOI"O KaDHTaJia H3-3a <•llllll py6.) DOJIHTHKH OrpauuqeHH.JI MapT HJOBb Ho.11CSp1t MapT KPeAHTOB npoucxo~uno qpe3BLillaAHo 6LICTpoe 1. ~CBC%88JI BaJIH'IBOCTb y B8CCJICBHJI 14450 26080 74751 207637 HaKODJieHHe 33,AOJI.JKeHHOCTeA 2. JIH'IBhiC BK.lla.IJ;hl 18775 20412 22294 45425 Me~~y npe)J;DpHgTH.JIMH 3. OtSmu C)'MM8 BK.ll~OB IJpC,!UipiUTHit H Y36eKHCTaua. B 1992 r. OHH opraBH3aiUDl 21856 30277 82000 183388 HToro (1 +2+3) 55081 76769 179045 436450 3Ha'IHTeJibHO BLIPOCJIH B flOK83&TCJII:t p03HH1fB!dX ~CB (1992/03 • 100) 100 135 423 941,5 peaJILHOM BLipa.JKeHHH. Ornoweuue o6w;eA CfMMLI <• IIIJOI\CIITU BB:u2) 3a,u;On.JKeHHOcTeA K BBIT BLipocno c 4 npou;eHToo a 1. ~CBC~U BaJIH'IBOCTb y B8CCJICBHJI 6,7 9,0 8,2 9,2 2. JIH'IBhiC BK.llltJJ,'hl 8,7 7,0 2,4 2,0 1991 r. DO'ITH 20 AO 3. OtSmax cyMMa BKJI!l,f(oa upc.tUIPIUTHit H npo~eHTOB B ceHT.si6pe 1992 r. opraBH3awnl' 10,1 10,4 9,0 8,1 H3MEHEHHJI B .QEHE~O­ HToro (1 +2+3) 25,5 26,4 19,6 19,3 KPE,rutTIIOA C~EPE HCTOllBHJCH: ~CBTpaJIItBhiA' CSaBK Y36eKHCTilB&. fOCICOMJipOI'B03tT&T B p&ACTW 2.33 ll 0 C K 0 JI L K y C:OTPY,JJ;BHKOB Bc:cMHPaoro BaBKa. 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HOMHHaJibHLm KYPC ,D;OJIJiapa DO OTHOWeHHIO K py6JIIO, OCSIItJDl o6l.cM xc:uopora: 870 XJIODXOBOCBOJIOKBO 1000T 601 673 YCTaHaBJnmaeMLm Ha MOCKOBCKOM IJ;BCTBMC MCTSJIJIW 1000T 22 40 BaJIIOTHOM ayKD;HOHe, 1000T 317 39 Y.a;o6pcBWI CTpeMHTeJILHO na,u;aeT, HO He TaK tfcpBhiC MCTSJIJihl 1000 T 77 18 6LIC"l"pO, KaK paCT}'T BH}'TpeHHHe 3JICK'fPOSBCprHK MJIBKBT'I 131 13 n;eHL!. TaKHM o6pa30M peanLHLm Hcci>Tcnpo.IJYKTLI 1000T 137 8 illeJIKOBhJC KOKOBW 1000T 5 7 BaJIIOTHLm KYPC 3HaquTenLHO OTXo~ XJionxosoro npoH3BO~CTBa 1000 T 27 6 BLIPOC, OC06eHHO B nepBOA BaTa 1000T 7 4 DOJIOBHHe 1992 r. XJI OII'IIlTOtS)'MaJKBLIC TKIUIH u •.a;. u..a;. 2 TCKCTHJILBLIC TKilBH H O,II;C~a u..a;. u •.a;. 2 Toproaa.R noJJHTHKa PaCTHTCJILBOC MaCJio 1000T 4 4 .m>yruc Toaaphl u •.a;. B.~. 54 2.42 BuewWUI ToproBIDI OCSIItJDl o6l.cM JDmOPft !Q2 fiO~BepEeHa 60JibWHM 3cpuo 1000T 4005 573 orpauuqeuuxM, qeM Mgco. DHD.lCBhlc npo,DyltTLI u ~a 1000 't 30 -45 MeJKpecny6JIHKaHCK2JI, H B TCKCTHJILBhiC TltllBH H O~C~ u •.a;. 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Ha TOBapLI, AJl]l 3KCDOpTa KOTOpbiX He Hf}K}Ja nu~eH3H.K, pacnpocTpauxeTc.K MaJIOe qHCJIO np.SIMLIX OrpaHHqeHHA, XOTJI 3KCnOpT HeCKOJibKHX OCHOBHbiX DOTpe6HTeJibCKHX TOBapOB OrpaHH'IHBaeTC.$1. W flcpcxo.a; Bl tSapTcpH)'iO TOpi'OBJIIO 3BI'IHTCJILBO CBH3HJI ypoBCW. DOCTyiJJICBIIA BaJIOra BQ 81tCDOpT. B UICOA-TO Cl'CDCBH B OTBCT B& »TO upa&HTCJILCTBO paCCMITPHBICT Boupoc 0 ,ll;aJILBCAiliCN cmatCBHH C'I'HM)'JIOB It II~CBIUO tSapTcpBOA ToproBJIH. 3To IJpCAIIO:&CBHC DPCJQ'CM8tpHB8CT W'IY 10-15 upo~CBTOII BLip)"IKH II HBOctpllBBOA llaJIIOTC H otSNCB CU,lC 10 upo~CBTOII BWp)"IIDI B HBOCtpllBBOA' IWIIOTC DO pWBO'IBOJoiY acypcy. 0,11;1111KO KJIJO'ICBYM MOMCBTOM! STOM npCAJ~OJKCBHH .IIIIJaCTC. TO, 'ITO ~C 10...15 upo~CBTOB lblp)"'KH B HBOCtp8BBOA UJIJOTC DODJJIH tSw BACT 18-upO~CBTBOI'O DO,II;OXO,II;IIOI'O BaJIOI'&, B3HMICMOI'O C OCTaJDtBWX85-90 IJpO~CBTOB BLip)"IKH B HBOCTp8BBOA 88JIJOTC. 3To tSLI CBH3HJIO afi>IJ>CXTHBBWA DO,II;OXO.a;BWA BIJJOr B8 C.a;aBilCMYJO 1()...upoQCBTByJO uputSwn~t c: 18 .a;o 16 npo~eBToa. Cornacuo &TOMY npc.a;JioJKeomo. tpctSoaaDBC o c.a;a'lc 10 upo~cBToB Bhlp)"'ICH a HBOCTpaBBot UJIJOTC pacupocrpllBJIJIOC:b tSW Ba I'OTOBLIC TOBapw. a TPCtSOBIBHC 0 C,II;SliC 15 upo~CBTOB BLip)"IKH I HBOCtpllBBOA BaJIJOTC - B& cwpJae.  -25- 2.43 flpasHTeJibCTBO npe,IUipnmmo necKOJILKO waros, nanpaBJieHHLIX na yseJIB11eRBe Me:>Kpecny6JIHKaHCKHX TOPI"'BLIX DOTOKOB H BHeWHeTOpl"'BLIX DOTOKOB. HanpHMep, 6!.IJIO CHWKeHO C 176 ,D;O 76 ~UICJIO TOBapOB, 3KCDOpT KOTOPLIX OrpaHHqHBaeTCJI B BH,u;e DpaBHJia, Tpe6yro~ei"' HaJIH1UIJI Y 3KCDOpTepa cneu;HaJibHO'A JIHD;eH3HH, XOTJI ,1VUI 3KCDOpTa 60JILWHHCTBa Ba.>KHLIX TOBapOB, CO,D;CpJK~CJI B TOPI"'BLIX DOTOKax, BCe ei.I.J;e nyJKHLI JIHD;eH3HH. llpaBHTeJILCTBO Ta.IOKe OTMeHHJIO 60JILWHHCTBO TapHci»OB na HMnopT co CTpaH, ne sxo,u;eswux a cocTaa 6Lmwero CCCP, ,u;o 1 msapg 1994 r. c TeM, qT06LI yseJIH1DITI, DOCTaBKH DOTpe6HTeJILCKHX TOBapOB. KpOMe TOI"', OHO no,u;DHCaJIO HeCKOJibKO ABYCTOpOHHHX cornawemd c ,u;pymMH pecny6nuKaMH 6Lmwero CCCP (nanpnMep, c Poccue:A u YKpauno:A) o6 ocna6nennH orpaJIIAeRBA na Me.>Kpecny6.n:HKaHCJcyiO TOpl"'BJIIO. 2.44 B H 0 8 0 M ,D;BYCTOpOHHeM COrJiaWeHHH, Ta6Jom,a2.7 no,u;nncaHHOM Y36eKHcTanoM c Y3CScoCTaB - II.JiaTc.mD.iA &.nBc 1992 r. Poccne:A B gnsape 1993 r., yKa3aHO, qTo TOprOBJI.51 MeiK,DY 3THMH )l,BYMJI CTpaHaMH, HeKoBaepTllpyeMU HToro BaJIJOT8 (MJIB ~OJIJI.) COCTO}{li.J;aJI B OCHOBHOM B npo,u;a:>Ke XJIODKa B 06MeH Ha ne¢T~ ,D;OJIXHa OCyi.I.J;eCTBJI.siTbC.SI Ha TeK}'IIUifl DJI&Te~LIA 6aJI&Bc -39 -170 -369 OCHOBe MHpOBLIX D;ell. Becnpo~eHTBLIH DJiaTe~LIH 6a.Jiaac -160 -359 CornawenneMnpeJIYcMaTpusaeTcJI ToproBLIA 6aJiaBC -259 06'LeM TOprOBJIH Ha 1993 r. 8 . -1991 Me:JKpec:gy6JI. 6aJiaBC -39 Pa3Mepe 1,4 Mnp,o; ,D;OJIJI., H3 3Kcnop~ 123 KOTOpbiX 50 npou;eHTOB OTBe,D;eHO HMIIop~ 162 na 6apTePHYIO ToproBJiro ( 6e3 ynJiaTLI HaJIHqHLIX liJIH Kpe,u;HTHbiX BHCWHCTOpr. 6aJI&BC -60 -60 3KcnopT3 869 869 py6neA). 3To cornaweune 6Lmo HMIIopT3 929 929 paTHcpUD;HpOBaHO B MapTe 1993 r. He,u;aauo PoccWi aunynuposa.na cl>alr:ropawe YCJIYI'H (ac:Tro) -110 -110 cornawenee o cso6o,u;no:A ~OU DpO~CHTOB -10 -10 Toprosne, 3aKJiroqennoe c OfeT ~IDKCBHJI KIUIHT&JIOB 165 165 Y36emCTanoM 8 1992 r., u c 1 Tip.IMWC HBOCTpaHB!dC HBBC~ 40 40 ct>espang 1993 r. ssena t{HCTI.IA DplfPOCT BBCWBHX KpC~OB 125 125 TaMOACeHHLie DOWJIHHLI. 0,u;HaKO TOBapbi, TOpi'OBIDI KOTOphlMH 0mH6KH H IJpOnyCKH 19 97 6y,u;eT OCYI.I.J;eCTBIDITLCH B paMKax 06'1t~ DJIBTCJKB&IJl 6aJiaBC -20 -5 ·-107 HOBOrO ,D;BYCTOPOHHero cornaweniDI, ne 6y.IJYT o6narancg cPmlaBCifPOBaBHC nownunaMH. nhiJIH ocpopMneHLI MeJKpccnytSJI. 3~0JDKCHBOCTb -40 -204 ,u;sycTopon:tnfe ToprosLre KoppecnoH,D;eBTcKHe CliCTa 60 306 cornawenug c KasaxcTaHOM, Pc3cp&hi sa nplfPOCT (-) 5 Khrproi3CTaHOM, TypKMenncTaHOM H :SenapyCLIO. !/ 3Ta UHcJlpa ncpeac~eaa H3 ~ccJ»HU,HTa R pyiS.rulx no cp~cM)' p&IBO'IBON)' 2.45 fipHHJITliiO Mep, Ba.JIJOTBOM)' KYPC)'· nanpaBJieHHLIX ua yMeHLwenue 2/ O~CHKH. ~/ B 1992 r. cpe)g!KA' JCYPC ~oJIJiapa coCTaaHJI 196 py«S.ncA. TOprOBLIX 6apLepOB, MeWaeT cyi.I.J;eCTByiOI.I.J;aJI CTpyKTypa cy6CH,u;Ha H OTJIHqaro~aJICJI 3HaqHTeJILHLIMH ,D;HCDpOnOpD;HJIMH CHCTeMa 06pa30BaHIDI 8HyrpeHHHX QeB. 3naqeTeJILHOe cniDKenue 8HewneToproBLIX 6apoepos ,u;pymMH pecny6nHKaMH 6hiBwero CCCP Blalli)'Z.D;&eT Y36eKHCTaH npe,u;npHIDITL TaKHe .>Ke WarH H Tpe()yeT OT nero JIHKBH,D;BpOBaTL CBCTeMY CKpLITLIX cy(Sc~. nocne,u;Hee TaK.>Ke noBJIIDleT na oc~eCTBIDieMYIO noJIHTHKY 8 o6naCTH COIUfaJILHo:A 3a!QHTLL STo JIBBoe npOTHBOpeque MeJK,Izy TOproso:A DOJIIITHKOA (nanpaBJieHHOA Ha CHIDKeHHe TapncpOB B KO.JIH11eCTBeBIIYX  -26- OrpaHHtJeHH:A) H DOJIHTHKO:A B 06JiaCTH COIU!aJILHOI 38.IIUITLI (uanpaBJieHHOI Ha COXpaHeHHe cy6CHAHI Ha 15 MHOrHe npO,IzyKTbl) CBH,D;eTeJibCTByeT 0 He06XO,IUIMOCTH B COrJiaCOBaHHOA: 3KOHOMH'IeCKOI nOJIHTHKe. 2.46 B uenoM c 1990 r. ycAOIJuR. ~ Y36eKHCTaua yxy,IUDHJIHCb npuMepuo ua 10 16 npoo;euToa. YcnoaiDI Mexpecny6nHKaHCKo:A ToproBJIH, B oco6eHHOCTH ycnOBIDI, HMeiOID;He omomeuue K 06Meuy XJIOOKa Ha HecpTb, yxy,IUDHJIHCb 60JibWe, 'leM YCJIOBU BHeWHel TOproBJIH. STo yxy,IUUeHHe BMeCTe C na,u;eHHeM 06'beMa DpOH3BO,D;CTBa npHBeJIH K CHHJKeBHlO BuyTpeHHei'O nOrJIOID;eHIDI, KOTOpOe 6biJIO OTMetJeHO B 1991 r. H DpO,D;OJI}KaJIOCb B 1992 r. DJIATE~hiA BAJIAHC 2.47 HecMoTp.sl ua .curuKeuue pacxo,u;oa, pe3YJibTaTLI npe,u;aapHTeliLIILIX pac'leTOB cau,u;eTeJibCTBYIOT 0 TOM, liTO B 1992 r. Y36eKHCTaH MOXeT HMeTb .u;ecpHD;HT no MelKpecny6JIBK8HCKOI TOproBJie B Pa3Mepe 200 MJIH ,u;onn. u suemneToproabm ,u;ecpuo;HT B Pa3Mepe 60 MJIH ,u;oJIJI. Bepo.srmbll .u;ecpuo;HT Te~ero DJiaTe.>KHOrO 6anaHca COCTaBHJI 370 MJIH ,U:OJIJI. (eM. Ta6mnzy 2.7). B 1992 r. DpHTOK HHOCTpamwx HHBeCTHD;H:A TOJibKO HatJaJIC.sl. B 1992 r. 6biJIH npHWITLI 06JI3aTeJibCTBa no ABYCTOpOHHHM Kpe,IUITaM B 3KCDOPTHbiM Kpe,IUITaM Ha CYMMY, npu6JIH3HTeJILHO PaBJIYIO 380 MJIB ,D;OJIJI.; H3 STOI CYMMLI 6biJIO BLmJia'leHO npHMepHO. 125 MJIH ,D;OJIJI. Y36eKHCTaH TaJCKe HMell ,D;OCTYJI K POCCHiiCKHM TeXHH'IeCKHM KPeAHTaM ua CJMMJ, 3KBHBaJieUTHyiO OKOJIO 300 MJIH ,11;0JIJI. KpoMe TOI'O, 2 HOJitSpJl 1992 r. Y36eKHCTaB DO,IUIHCaJI COrJiameuue C Poccue:A, B COOTBeTCTBHH C ICOTOPLIM Y36eKBCTaH OTJCa3LJ.BaeTCJI OT CBOBX npuT.s~3auu:A ua aKTBBLI CCCP B o6Men ua npururme ua ce6JI Poccuea ,u;on Y36eKHCTaua so sueWHeM ,u;oJire CCCP. 15/ CM. rnasy 3. 16/ MCTO~ IJpHMCBJICMWit ,D;JIJI OUCBKH }'X)'AIIICBHJiycnoiHJliBCDIBCi TOprolliH, OCBOIID Bl HCDOJIUOIWIHR ~CCTBYJO~CI HBci»OpM8UlfH 0 TOproane XJIODKOM 8 06MCB Ba 3CpBo. 0&0 DP~CTUUCT C06oi 'IHCTOC H3MCBCBRC I OTBOCRTCJihBWX UCBU. 838CWCBBOC COOTBCTCTB)'!O~HMH ,IJ;OJIJIMH ltllK 8 MC~pecuyCSJIHXa&CICOI, TU R 80 a&CWBCi TOprollle. flpR HCDOJih3011aBHH aTOro KeTO_. 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CTA6HJIH3AUifJI 3.5 Y cneWHa.si CTa6HJIH3~ 3aBHCHT He TOJILKO OT 3cp<l>eKTHBHOf'O ynpaBJieHIDI 3KOHOMHKOA, HO H OT <t>aKTOpOB, Ha nOA,JJ;aiO~HXC.si KOHTpOJIIO DpaBHTeJILCTBa, KaK, HaDPHMep, H3MeHeHH.si B py6JieBOA 30He. nocKOJILKY ,u;eHe}Klla.sr nonHTHKa py6nesoA 30HLI onpe,u;eiDieTc.sr npeu~eCTBeHHO PoccueA, ITpanHTeJILCTBO Y36eKHCTaHa He MOJKeT OKa3LIBaTL OuzyTHMOe B03,u;eACTBHe Ha u;eHLI TOBapOB, He npu6enu1 K WHpOKOMY OrpaHH1.JeHHIO TOpf'OBJIH. TaK, He,JJ;aBHHe DOTpliCeiiiD[ BO BHeWHeA TOproBJie C5LIJIH Bbi3BaHLI npeuMYJI(eCTBeHHO nepexo,u;oM B ToproBJie Me.>K,Dy pecny6JIHKaMH C5Lmwero CCCP K ornocHTeJILHLIM u;eHaM MHponoro pLmKa. B 6nWKaAweM 6ypyiiJ;eM OTpuu;aTeJILHLie CABHm B ycnoBHXX ToproBJIH He OJKHAaiOTCJI. 0,D;HaKO peaJIH3all;H.si KOMDJieKCHLIX pecpopM nOTpe()yeT 3Ha1.JHTeJILHOA KOppeKTHPOBKH OTHOCHTeJILHLIX D;eH Ha BuyrpeHHeM pLmKe.  -28- 3.6 llOJIHrul CTaOHJIH3aD;IDI HaCTYJlHT JIHWL DOCJie nepHO,IJ;a CTPYJCTYPHOA a.D,aDTaD;HH, BKJIIOllaiOJ.QeA peaJILHLie pecpOpMbl 3KOHOMHqecKOA CHCTeMbl H nepeXO,IJ; K pbWOliHOi'f 3KOHOMHKe. n,tiJI MaKP03KOHOMHqecKOfi CTaOHJI'H3aD;HH B Y30eKHCTaHe KJIIOqesoe 3Haqenue HMeeT PSIA 3JieMeHTOB, KOTOpLie Moryr 6LITL o6ecneqenDI 3a cqeT npose.u;eniDI onpe.u;enenHLIX Mep, npe.zzycMOTpeHHLIX pe3epBHL1MH Kpe~THLThUI cornameniDIMH BJIH nporpaMMoA cucTeMnoA nepecTpofnrn MB<t». 6JO,n:lKeTuo-uaJioroawe aonpocw 3. 7 Co6nro,nenue 6ro~eTHoii ,nucu;unJIHHLI - o.u;HH H3 onpe.u;emiiOJ.QHX (j>aKTopoB CTa6unu~. 3a,n;aqa npaBHTeJILCTBa 3aKJIIOllaeTCX B s¢¢eKTHBHOM o6ecnelleHHH 6IO,IOKeTHbiX DOCTYIIJieHHA H COKpaJ.QeHIDI paCXO,D;OB ,IJ;O ypOBflj{, D03B0Jij{IOU(ero CHH3HTb 6ro,IOKeTHbiA ,u;e¢H~HT. Cne,uyeT OTOATH OT CHCTeMLI IJ;eHTpaJibHOrO nJiaHHPOBaHIDI, npH KOTOpOA H30blTKH C OaJiaHCa npe,u;npiDITHA nepeBO~CX B u;eHTp, r,u;e OBB rrepepacnpe.u;eJlj{IOTCX na rocy,IJ;apcTBeHHbi pacxo,IJ;Lr H HHBeCTHpoaanue npe.u;npWITHA. :Soma npe,IUipHWITa DODbiTKa nepexo,o;a K Ha.JIOrOBOH CHCTeMe, OCHOBaHHOA Ha 06'beKTHBHLIX npaBHJiax, O,IUiaKO no-npe.>KHeMY npeOOJia.,IJ;aeT Tpa,IJ;Hil;HOHHOe DJiaHHpOBaHHe. 3.8 llpe)I{,II.e acero cne,I.JyeT npHCTYDHTb K nepecMOTPY CTPYKTYPLI u nepepacnpe.u;eneHHIO pacxo.u;os Ha COIJ;HaJihHble Hy1K,II;LI, B 'IaCTHOCTH, COKpaTHTb BCeOOU(He CYOCH,IJ;HH B cpopMe cpHKCHpOBa.HWI ~eH B yaeJIHl{HTh u;enesyro noMOU(b, u B TO xe BpeMX coKpaTHTb .u;onro BBll, uanpaBIDieMYIO ua OPraHH3alnUO cou;uanLnoA 3all(HTLI. B Y36eKHCTane 3Ta ,u;oiDI BLIIlle, 11eM B .u;pymx CTpanax c TaKHM xe BBll na ,lzy11IY HaCeJieHIUI, H COOTBeTCTByeT ypOBHIO CTpaH C HH3KHM ,II;OXO,D;OM - liJieHOB 03CP. 3aTpaTbl Ha COIUiaJILH}'lO 3all(HTY (BKJIIOqru£ IIeHCHH), cpHHaHCHpyeMYIO B HaCTOXU(ee BpeMJI H3 fSIO,IOKeTHLIX H BHefSro~eTHLIX HCTOliHHKOB, COCTaBJlj{IOT OKOJIO 26 npou;eHTOB OT BBll, B TOM 'IHCJie ,11;0 12 npou;eHTOB B c:I>OpMe DOTpeoHTeJibCKHX CYOCH,JJ;Hlt llpaBHTeJibCTBY CJie,IJyeT OTMeHHTb BCe DOTpefSHTeJILCKHe CYOCH,IJ;HH, 3a ucKJiroqenHeM cyocU,D;HA na xne6, qTo no3BOJIHT csKOHOMHTb B 1993 r • .u;o 8 npou;eHTOB BBll. 11apanneJILHo c 3THM ,u;OJIJKHbi 6LITL pa3pa6oTaHLI HOBbie KOHKpemLre nporpaMMLI, npe.u;ycMaTpBBaiO~ue npnn.le ,neueJKHLie noco6IDI, BhmJia"nmaeMLie ua ocuosauuu nyJK,IJ;aeMOCTH (rJiasa 8). 3.9 B aonpoce .u;oxo.u;oa rocy.u;apCTBa .u;onJKHo 6LITL ycoaepwenCTBOBano H yxpenneuo nanoroo6noxenue. Cne;oyeT orpanu\"'HTb npaKTHKY ceneKTHBHLIX uanoros (Kax: c:l>e.u;epanLHLIX, Tax: B MecTHLIX). Han:orosasr 6a3a ,noiDKHa 6LrrL no Mepe B03MOJKHOCTH pacwupeua H ycoaepweHCTBOBana CHCTeMa COOpa HaJIOrOB. ,IVul HCl{HCJieHHj{ ~OXO,IJ;OB npe,u;npmrmA DOTpe6yeTCJI BBe,IJ;eHHe HOBOif MeTO,D;OJIOI"HJJ, COOTBeTCTByrom;eA npHHIJ;HDaM yqeTa, npHIUITLIM Ha 3aDa,IJ;e. TaJOKe CJie,JzyeT ynpOCTHTL CHCTeM}' JILrOT, npe,tzycMoTpeHHLIX B nanorosoM ynoxeuuu. MB<l> onpe.u;enHJI CTpyKTypHble MepLI no yxpenneHHIO uanorosoA: CHCTeMLI, B TOM l{HCJie paCWHpeHHe 6a3LI HaJIOra Ha ,D;06aBJieHnyiO CTOBMOCTL (H)J;C) ,D;JlJI OXBaTa OIITOBOA H P03HHl{H0fi TOPI'OBJIB H OOJILWHHCTBa ycnyr; Bee almH3HLie C60pLI ,D;OJIJKHLI B3BMaTLCJi CO CTOHMOCTH TOBapOB ("a,n; BaJIOpeM"). 3.10 BpeMeHHrui3KCDOPTHrul DOWJIHHa Ha CTOHMOCTL MOXeT 3aMeHHTb ,D;H<I><j>epenn;HpOBaHHe n;eR B KOHcPHCKaiJ;HOHHbie 3KCDOpTHLie DOillJIHHbi. TaKHe COOpLI npo~e, 'leM C~eCTBYIO~aJI CHCTeMa, D03BOJIJIIOT OOJiaraTh HaJIOrOM CBepxnpHOLIJib, B03HHKaiOIIzyiO B pe3yJILTaTe 3aHIDKeHHOI'O Icypca Hau;HOHaJihHOA BaJIIO~ H B3HMaroTcx c orpanuqeHnoro qHcJia Toaapoa, anyrpeunue n;enLI na KOTOPLie ,u;oCTHmyT yposu Me}K,D;YHapo,nuLIX n;eH s 6niDKai!!wue 1-2 ro.u;a. Cne,~zyeT npuMeWlTL e,D;Huoe nanoroo6noxenue B MeJKpecny6JIHKaHCKOA B BHeWHeA TOprOBJie, B OCOOeHHOCTH, eCJIH B Y3t5eKHCTane oy,D;eT BBe,u;eHa HaiJ;HOHaJILHaJI BaJIIOTa. CJie,JzyeT B3oeraTb ,D;H$cpepeH~HpOBaHHLIX HaJIOrQB Ha 3KCDOpT B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TOro, XBJUIIOTC.SI JIB TOBapLI qaCTLIO 6apTepHOro COrnaweHIDl. 06JIOJKeHHe 3KCDOpTHOA DpHOLIJIB B COOTBeTCTBHH CO CTOHMOCTLIO TOBapOB Ha Me.>K,IzyHapO,D;HOM PLWKe, Hel~JJHCHMO OT YCJIOBHA 6apTepHLJX cornaweHnfl, no3BOJIHT yseJIMl{HTL 6ro~eTHLie nocrynneHIDl B nepexo,u;nLIA nepuo.u; u B TO .JKe speMJr JIBHTCJI CTHMYJIOM K pacwupeHHIO SKcnopTa. .n;Jij[ o6ecne'leuu 6IOAJKeTHLIX noCT}'IlnenHif a 6nmKaAwuA nepao,u; npaBHTeJILCTBO MOXeT TaJOKe BBeCTH BpeMeHHyro ~H3H}'IO DOWJIHny Ha XJIODOK.  -29- 3.11 B Ka'ieCTBe HaJIOroBOA 6a3hl npe,IUipiDITHA CJie,IzyeT HCDOJIL30BaTh TOJihKO HX npH6LIJIL H 1 yCTaHOBHTh cooTBeTCTByro:uzyro cTaBKY HaJiora. HanoroBLie nLroThi IIOBLIX npe,IUipiDITHA npe,u;CTaBJ:UIIOTCJI 'Ipe3MepHLIMH H MOryT CDOC06CTBOBaTL 3JIOynOTpe6JieHIDIM. liX CJie.nyeT 3aMeHHTL KaKHM-JIH60 DOJIO.lKeHi.feM 0 nepeHOCe y6LITKOB B Te'ieHHe nepBLIX HeCKOJILKHX JieT pa60TLI HOBOro npe,IUipiDITIDI. 3.12 YnpaBJieu:ne 6ro,IPKeTHLIMH sonpocaMH B ~enoM ,u;oJDKHo 6LITL YKPenneuo. Bee noc-rynneHIDI u pacxo,D;hi rocy,u;apcTBeuuoro ceKTopa, KaK 6ro,IPKeTHLie, TaK u sue6ro,D;}KeTHLie, ,D;OJDKHhi 6h1TL onpe,u;eneHLI B u;emiX OIJ;eHKH HCTHHHOro ypOBIDI rocy,u;apCTBeHHhiX paCXO,D;OB H HX <!>HHaHCHpOBaHIDI. TaKaJI OD;eHKa ,D;OJDKHa BKJIIO'iHTL KOMDJieKCHLW aHaJIH3 BCero rocy,u;apCTBeHHOro CeKTOpa. llpH O~eHKe rocy,u;apCTBeHHLIX npe,IUipiDITHA CJie.nyeT npBHHMaTh B pac"'eT Hepacnpe,u;eJieHJIYIO npB6hiJIL (HJIB y6LITOK), a TaiOKe npOBO,D;HTL CKH,D;IGI Ha aMOpTH3aiJ;HIO KaK TeK}'IIJ;He DOCTYIIJieHIDI H BKJIIO'IaTh HHBeCTHIJ;HOHHhle paCXOAbi B HX <!>HHaHCHpOBaHHe B 6aJiaHC KaDHTaJia. BMeCTe C 3THM, npaBHTeJILCTBO ,D;OJDKHO DO Mepe B03MOJKHOCTH BBeCTH BMeCTO cy6CH,D;Hff npOH3BO,D;HTeJlliM IJ;eJieBLie DOTpe6HTeJILCKHe cy6CB,D;HH, C TeM 'IT06hl COKpaTHTh HenpaBHJILHOe pacnpe,u;eJieHHe pecypCOB, BLI3BaHHOe HCKaxeHIDIMH B D;eHax H npOIJ;eHTHbiX CTaBKax. TaiOKe CJie.nyeT CTpeMHThCH K 60Jiee paiJ;HOHaJILHOMY KOHCOJIH,D;HpOBaHHIO H pacnpe,o;eJieHHIO pa3JIH'C:IHLIX KaTeropHit pacxo,u;oa. TaK, uanp:nMep, cne,nyeT yuu<jl:nu;epoaaTL ceMeAHLie noco6m~ H YCTaHOBHTh e,u;uuLm pa:JMep noco6u ua K(l)K)l;oro pe6euKa. ,Qeue:arna.R DOJIHTHKa 3.13 ,ll;eHe)KHrui DOJIHTHKa ,D;OJDKHa npOBO,IJ;HTLCH C006pa3HO C 6ro~eTHO:A H BaJIIOTHOA DOJIHTHKOA. EcnH Y36eKHcTaH OCTaHeTcx B py6nesoA 30He, MaKP03KOHOMH'IecKHe Mephl OKa.lKJTC.K B Tecuo:A 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KOOp,nHHai~HH ,u;eHe.lKHOA H Ba.JIIOTHOA DOJIHTHKH H npou;eHTHbiX CTaBOK C POCCHe:A H ,u;pymMH 'IJieHaMH py6neso:A 30HLI. B nocne,IUiee apeM1l TaKaJI Koop,nuuaxnm npaKTH'IecKH ue ua6nro,u;anacb. ,niDI o6ecne'leHIDI Koop,nuHau;HH B 6y~eM noTpe6yeTc11 ycoaepmeHCTBOBaTL oprauH3au;Houuyro CTPYKTYPY H npaK'm'lecKHe B03MO.lKHOCTH. Y cneWHWI CTa6HJIH3aiJ;IDI B POCCHH (He06XO,nHMOe YCJIOBHe aHaJIOm'IHOro npou;ecca B Y36eKHCTaHe) 6y,u;eT 3aBHCeTL OT npHH11TIDI .>KeCTKOA MOHeTapuo:A DOJIHTHKH, CB.K3aHHO:A, Do-BH,nHMOMY, C HeKOTOPLIM orpaHHtieHHeM TeXHH'Iecmx Kpe,u;HTOB Y36eKHCTauy. 3.14 EcnH Y36eKHcTau BLIA,u;eT H3 py6neaoA 30Hhi, npe,u;CTaBJIJieTCJI B03MO.lKHLIM npose,u;eHHe CaMOCT011TeJILHO:A ,o;eHe.lKHOit H BaJIIOTHO:A DOJIHTHKH H OC~eCTBJieHHe DOJIHOMaCWTa6HO:A 6ro,u;xceTHO:A pe¢opMLI. Ys6eKHCTaH 6y,u;eT BLmy.>K,IJ;eH cpHHaHCHPOBaTL CBOA 6ro,D;.lKeTHLIA ,u;e¢H~ CaMOCT011TeJILHO, B TO BpeM11 KaK BuyTpeHWUl HHQliDIUHH 6y,o;eT onpe,o;eJI11TLC51 6ro,IOKeTHOit H ,D;eHe}KHOA DOJIHTHKOA B:nyTpH CTpaHhi. BLIXO,D; H3 py6JieBOA 30Hbl MO.>KeT npHBeCTII K YTPaTe o·r,o;eJibHbiX BLirO,D; OT BpeMeHHOro cy()cH,nHpOBaHIDI u;eu B MeJKpecny6JIHKaHCKOA TOproBJie. O,u;uaKO y}Ke HMeiOTC11 OT~eJibHLie ,D;BYCTOpOHHHe COrJiaweHWI, 3aKJIIOtieHHLre no Me:>KJzyHapo,o;HLIM ~euaM. Kor.u;a npasHTeJILCTBO npH.u;eT K BLmo,u;y, 'ITO 8LirO,D;hi yxo,u;a H3 py6neaoA 30HLI nepeaemBBaroT 3aTpaTLr, noTpe6yeTc.SI pemeuue Tpex Ba}KHLIX sonpocos: (1) o 8hl6ope 8aJIIOTHOA CHCTeMLI, (2) npon;ecce nepexo,u;a, (3) BpeMeHH 8Be,o;eHHH C06CT8eHHOA 8a.JIIOTLI. ,Il;O BbiDYCKa uoao:A 8aJIIOTLI ueo6xo,u;uMo YKPeDHTL IJ;euTpaJILHLm 6aHK u ,u;pyme yqpe.xc.u;euu. Cne,~zyeT o6paTHTLCJI K MB<P 3a DOMO~biO B pa3BBTHH COOTBeTCTByro~e:A CHCTeMhi H He06XO,D;HMOA UOJIHTHKH B 3TOA c4lepe. BuewneToprooa.R noJJHTHKa 3.15 PecpopMa 8HeWHeTOprOBO:A DOJIHTHKH ,D;OJDKHa CO'IeTaTLCX CO CTa6BJIH3au;ueA H CTPYKTYPHOit pe¢opMOA C TeM, l:IT06LI o6ecnetiHTL 60JILlliYIO OTKPLITOCTL Y36eKHCTaHa ,D;JI1I BHeWHero MBpa H CTHM)'JIHp08aTb KOHKYPeH~HIO 80 BCeX OTpaCIDIX. ,nauuag pecpOpMa MO.>KeT HanpaBJieHa Ha pemeBHe ASyx 3a,u;aq: 06ecnetiHTh 3¢cpeKTH8HOCTh 3KOHOMHKH (8 DpOH3BO,D;CT8e H DOTpe()JieHHH) D yseJIHtiHTL rocy,napCT8eHHLie ,u;oxo,u;Lr. Heo6xo,nuMo OTMeHHTL KOJIH'IeCTBeHHLie orpauu'leHIDI ua ToproBJIIO. B cpe,u;uecpOtiHO:A nepcneKTHBe He06XO,nHMO ,D;OCTHrHf1'L TaKOro DOJIO}KeHIDl, KOr,u;a TOproBJIJI CO CTpaHaMH 6Lmwero CCCP u c 3apy6e.xrnLIMH CTpaHaMH 6y.u;eT 8eCTBCb ua paaHLIX ocuoaau811x. !/ MBcl> pcKOMCBJJYCT cTaBK)' BaJiora a p83Mcpe 40 upo~cBToB.  -30- 3.16 llO Mepe peaJIH3aiJ;HH HOBOfl BHeWHeTOprOBOfi llOJIHTHKH MO.)KHO O.)Kif,Il;aTb BbipaBHHBaiiiDI BH}'TpeHHHX OTHOCHTeJILHLIX UeH, HO 3TO npOH30fi,IJ;eT JIHWb DOCJie OTMeHbi cy6CH,Il;HH DOTpe6HTeiDIM H Ha BBO,D;HMbie pecypCbi H JIHK.BH,D;aiJ;HH CHCTeMbi rocy,napCTBeHHbiX 3aKa30B. CTPYKTYPHAH PEcDOPMA 3.17 Y cnewua.s~ CTa6HJIH3aiJ;IDI MaKpO::lKOHOMHKH caMa no ce6e ue o6ecnetiHT ocuoay WUI poCTa, CO~aHIDI HOBbiX HCTOtiHHKOB 3aiDITOCTH B XO,D;e nepecTpOfiKH ::lKOHOMHKH H W1Sl ,Il;aJILHeffwero Pa3BHTIDI. 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B 3TOA CB.Sl3H npaBHTeJILCTBO .D;OJDKHO paccMOTpeTh B03MO.>KHOCTH ( 1) nonOJIHeHIDI ,ll;OXO,Il;OB TeX JIIO,D;eA, }KH3HeHHLW ypOBeHL KOTOPLIX MO.>Ke·T OnyCTHTLC.SI HIDKe tJepTLI 6e,D;HOCTH ~/ J)e3patio~a HJIH O~BBHC 6e3pa(io~LI RBJIJICTCJI O~HM H3 OCBOBBbiX cj>aKTOpOB, uoc5~aJO~HX pa60TBHKOB HCK8Th aJihTCPBBTHBByiO 3BBJITOCTb.  -34- (HanpHMep, AeTefl B MHOroAeTHLIX CeMMIX H npeCTapeJILIX), (2) OK83aHIDI DOMOI.IUI TeM .JIIO,D;SIM, KOTOpbiX 3aTpOnyJIH OTPHUaTeJILHLie DOCJie,D;CTBWI npeo6p830BaHHfl, B 0C06eHHOCTH, DOTepJIBWHM pa()ozy, H (3) :u;eneaoro uanpaBJieHIDI orpauHtJeHHbiX pecypcoB TeM, KTO 6onee acero a nux uy.x<,D;aeTCJI, a ue TeM, KTO HaxO,D;HTCJI B .rryqweM DOJIOJKeHHH. llepBOCTeneHHOfl 3a,D;atJeA npaaHTeJILCTBa ,D;OJDKHO CTaTL Onpe,D;eJieHHe npHOpHTeTOB cpHHaHCHpOBaHIDI B COUHaJILHOH ccpepe C yqeTOM CTeneHH DOllO.xGITeJILHOI'O B03,D;eACTBIDI K3.}1{,D;OA H3 Mep Ha 6eAULIX. B. 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T~3.2 Y36eoCTaB - MupoKOBOIIII'Iecoi JJpOI'B03 DO OCBOam.DI DOu:J&TeJIUf <•.upoq;CB'I'U) Cq;caapd pccl»opll 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 PeaJihHLiik upHpoCT BHll -6 -2 1 3 4 CeJibCKOC X03JiiiCTBO 3 7 7 8 4 flpOMbllliJICHHOCTb -10 -15 -5 -1 4 flpOliHC CCKTOp!.l -12 -4 -2 -1 3 06~ee noTpe6neBHC -5 -1 -1 2 2 HHBCCTHI.\HH -8 -7 1 7 12 llJiaTeJKHI>!ik 6aJiasc Ue$HI.\HT) (B MJIH ,ll;OJIJI.) 260 425 445 485 470 B npo~CHT8X OT BB!l 13 13 14 14 13 HCT01{HHJC: O~CHKH C:OTPY.n;HHKOB BaBKa. 3.45 Yrny6JieHHe CTPYKTYPHLIX pecpOpM, B OC06eHHOCTH, B npOMLUUJieHHOCTH, MO.XCeT BLI3BaTL ,D;aJILHeffmee COKpall{eHHe BBll B 1994 r. 0.u;HaKO 6:DICTpLie TeMDLI MaJIOff DPHBaTH3aiUfH, npe.xc,u;e Bcero, 8 ToproBJie H o6cnyJKHBaHHH, o6ecne'laT, no Kpaffueff Mepe, 'laCTH'IHOe norJioi.Qeuue DO.HBHBWHXCJI s pe3yJILTaTe pe<!>OpM H36LITO'IHLIX Tpy,D;OBLIX pecypcoa. ~IO.>KHO OJKHJJ;aTL, 'ITO pOCT B CeKTOpe 06CJiyJKHBaHH11 TaK.xce OTltaCTH CKOMDeHCHpyeT cna,u; SKOHOMHtieCKOif ,D;e.HTeJILHOCTH, Bbi3BaiiHLm pecpopMaMH 8 npOMbD.UJieHHOCTH. 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PoCT npe,IJ;JIOJKeHH5l 8 c¢epe 06CJIYJKH8aHIDI MOJKeT 6LITb ,IJ;OCTHmyT 8 cpe,u;uecpO"'HOM DJiaHe npH OTHOCHTeJibHO He60JILWOM 06'beMe np51MLIX HHOCTpaHHbiX HH8eCTHD;Hfl H ODLITa. 3.54 Cpe,u;uecpo"'HLie nepcneKTHBLI 8 9HepreTHKe 8Lirmi,IJ;5lT MHoroo6emarome. B 9TOT nepHo,u; cne.zzyeT oJKM,u;aT& 3Ha'IHTeJILHoro pocTa 9KcnopTa npupo,u;Horo ra3a, npex,u;e 8cero, 8cne,u;cTBHe coKpameHIDI 8uyrpeuHero noTpe6neHH5l 8 6niDKafnnue 3-4 ro,u;a. llpn 9TOM npe,u;nonaraeTC5l, 'ITO :u;eHLI cpaaH.SliOTcx c MHp08biMH 8 nep8Lie ,D;Ba ro,u;a pe<}>OpM H 6y,u;eT C03,D;aH pea.JILHLm 9KCDOpTHLIH pbUIOK. B DJiaHe C6LITa nepBOCTeneHHOfl 3a,IJ;a"'efl .KBJUieTC5l 3aKJIIO"'eHHe 9KCnOpTHbiX KOHTpaKTOB H Bbipa60TKa COrJiaWeHHff C Poccueff H TypKMeHHCTaHOM o ,u;ocT}'IIe K MamcTpaJILHLIM ra30npo8o,u;aM H Tapu¢ax no TpaHcnopTHP08Ke. BnaronpiDITHOA npe,u;cTaBJI.SieTc5l o6cTaH08Ka H B ropHo,u;o6Lmaroi.D;efl npoMLnnneHHOCTH. PoCT ,u;o6LiliH 30JIOTa H ,u;pymX MHHepaJIOB MOJKeT 6LITL o6ecne"'eH npH DOMO~H OrpaHH"'eHHbi.X KaDHTaJIOBJIO:>KeHHH, eCJIH B CeKTOpe 6y.zzyT np08e,D;eHLI ¢yn,u;aMeHTaJILHLie pe<l>OPMLI. llACCHBHbiA CQEHAPHA 3.55 llpe,D;CTaBJI.SieTC5l, 'ITO aJILTepHaTH80fl npHIUITHIO npOrpaMMLI KOMnJieKCHbiX pe¢opM .HBmleTC5l ,D;aJILHeffwee npose,u;eHHe C~eCTByro~eff DOJIHTHKH, He CO,u;ep}K~eff CepLe3HLIX HHHD;HaTH8 H OTMe"'eHHOH JIHWL OT,u;eJILHLIMH 'IaCTH'IHLIMH Mepa.MH, He ,IJ;aiOliUfMH OuzyTHMoro s<}><}>eKTa. B ,n;aHHOM naccHBHOM cu;eHapHH npe,u;nonaraeTc5l, 'ITO 6ro,IPKeTHLm H cpHHaHCOBLm KPH3HC ue HaCT}'JlHT. TaK}Ke ,u;enaeTc5l npe,u;noJIO}KeHHe o ,u;aJILueflweM pacna,u;e oprauH3au;HouuoA CTPYKTYPLI 9KOHOMHKH, npH"'eM cepLe3HOro cna,u;a 9KOHOMH"'CCKOR ,IJ;e51TeJILHOCTH. 3.56 llpH TaKHX YCJI08H51X u;eHLI ,IJ;OJIJKHLI 6y,u;yr OTpa}KaTL 8 nep8YJO O"'epe,IU» H3MeHeHWI B npe,u;eJiax 6Lmwero CCCP, B oco6eHHOCTH, ypo8eHb u;eH H HOMHHaJILHLm o6MeHHLm KYPC B PoccHH, TO eCTL peanLubiA 06MeHHLIH KYPC 6y,u;eT npeH~eCT8eHHO onpe,u;eJUITLC5l cpaKTOpaMH, He no,u;,u;aro~HMHC5l KOHTpOJIIO Y36eKHCTaua. llpe,u;nonaraeTc5l, 'ITO HHcpJmUWI He ,u;oCTurneT ypo8ux, xapaKTepHoro .IUIJI mnepuHcpJij[IJ;HH. 3TO BnOJIHe COrJiacyeTC5l KaK C HaCT051W.HM 6IO,IOKeTHLIM nOJIOJKCHHeM, TaK H C npe,u;nOJIO:>KeHHeM, 'ITO Cyn(eCTBYJOI.UHe TOprOBLie 6apLepbi COXpaH.SlTC5l H He 6y,u;yr ,u;eJiaTDC5l nonLITKH 3Ha'IHTeJILHO HX n08LICHTL H TeM CaMLIM 8epuyTLC5l K npe:>KHeMY DOJIO}KeHHIO. 3.57 B 06JiaCTH TOprOBJIH npe,u;nonaraeTC.sl, 'ITO COXpaHHTC5l BLICOKrul 3aBHCHMOCTL OT Me:>Kpecny6JIHKaHCKOfl TOprOBJIH, npH 3aMe,D;JieHHOM pa38HTHH TOpr08biX C8513eA 3a npe,u;eJiaMH 6Lmwero CCCP. Topro8Lie H nnaTe:>KHLie cornaweum1 Me}K.Izy pecny6JIHKaMH 6hmwero CCCP 6y,u;yr H B ,u;an:LHeflweM C8513aHLI C cepLe3HLIMH np06JieMaMH. 0,u;HaKO npe6LmaHHe 8 py6Jie80ff 30He 6y,u;eT, no BCet"! 8epOXTHOCTH, HMeTL He3Ha"'HTeJILHLIH 9¢cpeKT Ha Me}Kpecny6JIHKaHCicyiO TOproBJIIO. 3.58 naccH8HLm cu;eHapHii npe,u;nonaraeT, 'ITO cyn(eCTBeHHWI OTpacneaa.g nepeCTpoAKa He npoao,u;nTcx. Bep05lTHLIM pe3yJILTaTOM 9Toro 6y,u;eT cna,u; 9KOHOMH"'ecKoA ,u;eXTeJILHOCTH acne,u; 3a COKpaw.eHHeM npe,u;JI0:3CeHH5l, c6epe.>KeHHA H HH~eCTHD;Hit TaKJKe DOCJie.zzyiOT Heonpa8,D;aHHIJie SKOHOMH"'eCKHe Tpy,D;HOCTH ,D;JI5l HaCeJieHIDI, 'ITO BLipa3HTC5l B COKpa~eHHH DOTpe6JieHIDI Ha .DYlllY B 06'beMe He MeHee 30 npou;eHT08 K 1997 r. KpoMe Toro, secLMa·aepoXTHO, 'ITO Y36eKHCTaH He CMO}KeT o6ecne"'HTb TOrO JKe yp08H.Sl npHTOKa KaDHTaJia, KaKOA Ha6JIIO,D;aJIC5l 8 1992 r. XOT5l ,D;aHHLW cu;euapHR npe,u;nonaraeT 6onee HH3KHA ,u;e¢HUHT nnaTe.>KHoro 6anaHca, 'leM npu npoae,u;eHHH pe¢opM, npe,u;CTaBIDieTC11 MaJI08epO.H:THLIM ero <}>HHaHCHp08aHHe ,D;aJKe B TaKOM OfS"LeMe, DOCKOJILK)' Y36eKHCTaH 6y,u;eT  -40- paccMaTpHBaTbC.SI KaK CTpana C OrpaHH"'eHHOA Kpe,IUITOCDOC06HOCTLIO ( CM. rJiaBy 4 ). TaKHM o6pa30M, e,IUIHCTBeHHLIMH HCTO"'HHKa.MH <PnuaucuposauH.SI CTauyr orpauu"'eHHLie TexuuqecKHe KPeAHTLI H3 PoccBR, OTHOCHTeJibHO He60JXbWOA 06'beM ,IJ;ByCTOpOHHHX 3WMOB H HCDOJIL30BaHHe BaJIIOTHbiX pe3epBOB CTpaHLL Ta~3.3 Y36eEJrCTaB - MupoKOBOIDI'ICCDii opGI'BO:I 110 OCBOIIBYII DODH'I"C.mmll <• upoqemu) Daccnmd cqeuapd 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997. PcaJILBLIA npHpocr BBll -9 -7 -5 -3 -1 CCJibC:KOC X03DCTBO -2 0 1 1 1 DpoMbiWJICBBOCl'b -10 -10 -10 -6 -6 Dpo'IHC c:cKTopw -15 -12 -8 -6 0 OtSmcc DOTPctS.ncaHc -8 -10 -4 -3 -2 HBBC~HH -12 -10 3 -1 0 nnaTcJKBblA tSSJiauc <.nectnmHT) (B MJIB .Q;Onn.) 175 210 135 135 140 B upOUCBTU OT BBll 9 7 5 5 5 HC'.l'O'IBHK: OUCBKH C:OTPY.%tBHKOB liaBK&. 3.59 HeT OCHOBaHHA OJKH,IJ;aTL 3Ha"'HTeJibHOro YJIY'IWeHH.SI OOKa3aTeJiefl B arpapHOM ceKTOpe 6e3 npOBe,D;eHH.SI pa,u;HKaJILHOfl pe<!>OpMLI. 3aBHCHMOCTL OT npOH3BO,D;CTBa XJIODKa MOJKeT cl>aKTH"'eCKH yBeJIH11BTC.SI, )"IHTDmU:, "'TO OH J~BmleTC.SI OCHOBHOA SKCDOpTHOff KYJILTYPOA B ,o;pyme CTpaHLI MHpa, B OC06eHHOCTH, eCliB npOH30fl.o;eT ,D;aJILHeflwee HapyweHHe MeJKpecny6JIHKaHCKHX TOproBbiX CB.SI3efl. POCT ceJILCKOX03.SIACTBeHHOro npOH3BO,ll;CTBa npeKpaTHTC.SI. 3.60 B npOMLnDJieHHOM ceKTope OJK.H,D;aeTC.SI WJHTeJILHOe CHH>KeHHe aKTHBHOCTH, KOTOpOe MOJKeT HeCKOJILKO COKpaTHTbC.SI B DOCJie,D;YIOIIUfe ro,IJ;LI. fiO npom03aM, CD~ CTaHeT pe3yJILTaTOM yxy,u;meHD MexauH3MOB CTHMYJIHPOBaHIDI npe,IUipH.SITHA B ~eJIOM, pacna.u;a CCCP u noCTeneuuoro B3HaumBaHu npOB3BO,IJ;CTBeHHLIX cPOH,IJ;OB. 3.61 B ropuo,o;o6LIBaro~eA npOMLDJJJieHHOCTH AaJILHeAWHA cna,u; npOH3BOACTBa OJKH,D;aeTCJI B CBJI3B C COKp~eHHeM DpOMLnDJieHHOro CO,D;epJKaHH.SI ~eHHbiX KOMDOHeHTOB 8 pe3yJILTaTe HCTO~eBWI HaB60Jiee 6orantx 3aJieJKe:A, pa3pa6aTLmaeMLIX AJI.SI aMOPTH3aiUIH ue.u;asuux uusecmuuA. PHCK, CB.RJAHHbiA c KOMDJIEKCHOR DPOrPAMMOA PE4tOPM 3.62 Ecnu npasHTeJILCTBO 6y.u;eT TBep,o;o cne,u;osaTL KaK ·co.u;epJKauuro, TaK u rpa<l>HKY npose,u;emu: H3JIOJKeHHOA nporpaMMLI CTa6HJIH3aUHH H CTPYKTYPHLIX pe<!>OpM, nepe,o; Y 36eKHCTaHOM OTKPOIOTCJI peaJILHLie nepcneKTHBLI DOJIHOA DO,lJJJ;ep.>KKH CO CTOpOHLI Me}K,IzyllapO,D;HLI cPHHaHCOBLIX Kpyros. TaKWI DOA,D;ep.xaca no3BOJIHT Y36eKHCTauy BCTaTL Ha D)'TL yCToffqusoro pa3BHTH.SI npu noMOUU13Ha"'HTeJILHOro o6'LeMa np.SIMLIX HHOCTpaHHLIX HHBeCTHIJ;Hfl H npHTOKa cPHHaHCHpOBaHH.SI. 3.63 B c.nyqae npOBeAeHH.SI KOMDJieKCHOA nporpaMMbi pe<!>OPM cne,u;yeT B3BeCHTL rum. OCHOBHLJX cPaKTOpOB PHCKa, OT KOTOPLIX 6y,u;eT 3aBHCeTL ycnex nporpaMMLC . • C6oM s nporpaMMe CTa6uJIH3~HH u CTPYKTYPHLIX pe<t>opM;  - 41- • HeB03MOJKHOCTb ocyrn,ecTsneHIDl nporpaMMhi H3-3a OTCYTCTBIDI wupoKoA no,IUJ;epJKKB B pe3yJibTaTe cna,n,a llpOll3BO,D;CTBa H 3aiUITOCTH; • Cna6rur opraHH3au;uouurur cTp)'Kzypa; • He6naronpH51THa51 sueunre3KOHOMHqecKa51 cHzyau;H.H; o OrpauHqeuubr:H ,n;ocTyn K KpaTKocpoqHoMy BHeiiiHeMY qmuaucRposaumo. C6oa B nporpaMMe 3.64 EcnH npou;ecc pecpopM a Y 36eKHcTaHe He 6y,n;eT pacrnRpeH, yrny6neH H ycKopeu, o6muA yen ex nporpaMMLI OKruKeTC}! llO,D; yrp030H CpLIBa. ,Il,JI51 llO,D;'beMa 3KOHOMHKH HeOOXO,D;HMa DOJIHa.H DpHBepxeHHOCTL npaBHTeJibCTBa KOMnneKcuoft: nporpaMMe pecpopM. B qacTHOCTH, pa3BHTHe cTaOHJibHoro KJIHMaTa 6y,u;eT TOpM03HTbC51 COO.SlMH B CTaOHJIH3aiJ;HH Ha MaKpoypOBHe H HepeuniTeJILHOH D03Hil;lieH B BOnpoce pyoJieBO:A 30Hbi. 06ecneqeHHe CTaOHJihHOrO KJIHMaTa ll03BOJIHT npOH3BO,D;HTeJI51M CJie)l;OBaTb 60Jiee qeTKHM II;eHOBLIM cumanaM, c6LmaTh npo,r~YKUHH no 6onee ycToi'iqHBOMY pean:bHOMY ooMeHHOMY Kypcy H c 6oJibmeA yaepeHHOCTbiO npOH3BO)l;HTb HOBbie KallHTaJIOBJIOXeH:HA. 0,n;HaKO BbipaBHUBaHHe OTHOCHTeJibHbiX u;eH Ha MHpOBOH ypOBeHh H OOJiee TeCHOe COOTBeTCTBHe Me)K,IQ' pea.JihHbiM Ba.JIIOTHLIM KypCOM H napHTeTOM DOicyDaTeJibHOH CllOCOOHOCTH Ha BHelllHeTOprOBhie TOBapbi HeCOMHeHHO DOTpeoyeT BpeMeHH • .AH:aJIOm1UILIM o6pa30M, noTpeoyeTc.H 3HaqE:TeJibHLlli nporpecc a o6nacTH CTPYKTYPHLIX pecpopM )l;IDI o6ecneqeHIDI npe)l;llpH.HTHfi H qacTHbiX JIHU, COOTBeTCTBYIQI.U;HMH HHCTH~HOHa.JibHbiMH H pbrnOqHbiMH MeXaHH3MaMH CTHMYJIHPOBaHH.S£. C6on a xo,n;e CTPYKTYPHhiX pe¢opM 3aMe,n;JI51T poeT npe,n;noJKeHIDI H 6y,IzyT npeiDITCTBOBaTb noTeHII;HaJibHOMY yaenHqeHHIO npOH3BO,D;HTenLHOCTH H oo'heMoa npOH3BO)l;CTBa a ceJILCKOM X03XHCTBe, a TaJOKe noMemaroT nan~>ueAmeMY pa3BHTHIO 3Hepropecypcoa, Heo6xo,n;HMLIX )l;IDI ocYIII;eCTBJieHH.SI CTPYKTYPHOA ananTaii;HH. 3.65 Coon B 6ro,II)KeTHO:fi ccpepe TaKXe npe,n;cTaBJI.SliOT co6o:H cepbe3Hhrn pHcK ,n;m1 3KOHOMHKB. 06ocTpeuHe oro,IPKeTuoro ,n;ecpHII;HTa MO)KeT npeBhiCHTb nporn03hi, ecnH npe,n;nonaraeMhie noczynneHIDI He Ma1'epHaJIH3yroTcx, a pacxo,n;hr yseJIBqaTcx. EcnH 6y,n;eT npHHXTO peweHHe o Bblxo,n;e Y36eKHCTaHa H3 pyoJieBOH 30Hbl H HanpaBJieHHH YCHJIHH Ha CTaOHJIH3aiJ;HIO H CTPYKTYPHYIO pecpOpM)' BH)'TpH CTpaHLI, nepBOCTeneHHOH 3a,n,aqei'1: CTaHeT ooecneqeHHe XeCTKOrO OIO,IOKeTHOrO KOHTpOJI.Sl, 6e3 KOTOpOrO nporpaMMa ue CMOXeT 3aaoesaTh ,n;osepHe. Heno,n;KOHTpOJihHa51 6ro,IUK.eTHa51 cRzyau;H.S£ HeH36eJKHO npRae,u;eT K 3KOHOMHtieCKOM)' Clla,Izy, qTQ MO)KHO BH;:T;eTb Ha OllhiTe p.sr,n;a pa3BHBaiOI.U;HXC5l H npOMbiiiiJieHHO pa3BHTLIX CTpau. TOJibKO ;:T;OJiroapeMeHHa51 6ro)l;)KeTHa51 a,n;anTaii;H.S£ H ueOTCTYfiHOe ocYIII;eCTBJieuue pe<PopMLI npe)l;llpH.SlTHfi C03,D;aCT YCJIOBIUI ,II;IDI CTaOHJUf3aii;HH H BOCCTaHOBJieHH.S£ pOCTa. 3.66 ECJIH Oy;:T;eT npHIDlTO pellieHHe 0 Haii;HOHaJibHOH BaJIIOThi, nenpo,IzyMaHHble Mepbl nO ee BBe,n;eHHIO MOryT HapyrnMTb 3KOHOMHtieCK)'IO aKTHBHOCTb, llO)J;OpBaTb ,II;OBepHe K nporpaMMe pecpOpM, a TaJOKe BL13BaTb <Pnuaucoacrn KPH3HC H MaKp03KOHOMHtiecicyiO necTaoHJibHOCTb. B 3TOM cnyqae uecTaOHJILHOCTb B03HHKHeT B caMOM Y36eKHCTaHe, a He 6y,n,eT aae3eHa H3 PoccHH. Ycroii'IHBOCTh nporpaMMhl pecJJOpM 3.67 lliHpOKOe He,D;OBOJihCTBO MepaMH CTaOHJIH3air,JUl H paCT)'I.UaJI 6e3pa60THII;a MOcyT ,neCTa6HJIH3HpoaaTb nOJIHTHqecKyro oocTaHOBKY H 3aMe,D;JIHTb npou;ecc pe¢lopM. IlpaanTeJILCTBO MOJKeT OKa3aTbCX no,n; ,n;aaneuHeM rocy,n,apcTaennorx npe,n;npHXTHM H IIIHPOKHX cnoea uacenemur, Tpe6)'Io:tu;ux OTKa3aTbCX OT nporpaMMhi pecpopM cnycTx uecKOJihKO Mecxu;es nocne ee npHIDlT:IDI. TaKoA pRcK Tecuo CB.sl3aH co cooxMH, paccMOTpeHHLIMH Bhiiiie.  -42- Oprauu3aguouua.a crpyxTypa 3.68 Y'IHTLIBa51 CJIOJKHOCTb II B3aHMOCB.SI3aHHOCTL pemeHHA OTHOCHTeJILHO KOMDJieKCIIOA DpOrpaMMLI pe(j)OpM H He06XO)UIMOCTL C03,IJ;aHIDI COOTBeTCTB}'IOJIUIX HHCTifTYUHOHaJILHLIX CTPYKTYP AJDI peaJIH3ain!H nocTaBJieHHLIX 3a,u;a11, npe.u;no.>KennLm .u;ayx<Pa3nLm rpa<t>nK npe.u;CTaBIDleTcx o6ocnoaaHHLIM. O.u;naKo u sTa CXeMa He 3aCTpaxOBaHa OT c6oeB. TaK, BBH,Izy OrpaHHl.JeHHOro ODLITa paf.SOTLI B YCJICIBWIX PLDI01UIOit 3KOHOMHKH H He,IJ.OCTaTO'IHOro 3HaKOMC1'Ba C KJIIOl.IeBLIMH MaKp03KOHOMH'IeCKHMH 3aBHCHMOCT.siMH, onpe.u;eruuo~HMH ycnex nporpaMMLI, Mnome nnaHHpyeMLie pe<t>opMLI Moryr noTpe6oaaTL 3Hal.IHTeJILHo 60JILWe BpeMeHH. KpoMe TOrO, TeMDLI peaJIH3aiJ;HH MOryT CHH3HTLC.SI H3-3a ¢aKTH'IeCKHX B03MO.>KHOCTeA cymecTBYIO~Hx CTPYKTYP· EcnH npumrTL a pac'leT ace 3TH <t>axropLI, TO npomo3LI ornocHreJILHo apeMeHH pOCTa npe,u;JIO.>KeHH.SI MOryT 0Ka3aTLC.SI HeCKOJILKO ODTHMHCTH'IeCKHMH. 3.69 liOJiee TOrO, eCJIH npHCDOC06JieHHe K HOBOfl CHT)'aiJ;HH DOTpe6yeT 60JILWe BpeMeHH, CDa,IJ; npoH3BO,IJ;CTBa MO.>KeT OKa3aTLC.SI 6onee rny60KHM H yCTOA'IHBLIM, 'leM npe.u;nonaranocL B paccMOTpeHHLIX CD;eHapH.SIX. ECJIH OTCTaBaHHe nporpaMMLI pe<t>opM 6y,n;eT CO'IeTaTLC.SI C OWH60'1HLIMH HHBeCTHIJ;HOHHLIMH peweHIDIMH, 3TO MO.>KeT HMeTL He6naronprurrHLiff 3<l><l>eKT Ha 3a.,IJ;OJDKeHHOCTL CTpaHLI, a CJie,IJ;OBaTeJILHO, H ee Kpe,IJ;HTOCDOC06HOCTL. Buewue3KonoMuqecKa.a cuTyauus 3.70 Y36eKHCTaH HCDLITLIBaeT B03,IJ;eACTBHe 3KOHOMH'IeCKOA ,IJ;e.siTeJILHOCTH DI01JeBLIX TOproBLIX napTnepos pecny6JIHKH, a a 6onee wupoKoM nnaue - pa3BHTH.SI MnpoaoA 3KOHOMHKH. 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KaK y.>Ke 6LIJIO OTMe'leHO, DOKa Y36eKHCTaH OCTaeTC5l B py6JieBOA 30He, OH 6y.u;eT DO,IUlep.xceH OTpHD;aTeJILHLIM MaKp03KOHOMK'IeCKOMY B03.D;eACTBHIO, B03MOXHO npeBLllllaiO~eMY 3Ha'IHTeJILIJLm 6ro,IOKeTHLm .u;e<t>HIJ;HT H OCJia6JieHHyro Kpe,IJ;HTHr..:O H ,u;eHe.>KHYJO DOJ!HTHKY B POCCHH. liOJiee TOro, DOCKOJILKY MHOme npe,u;npH.SITIDI COXpaH.SIIOT TeCHLie CBJI3H C DOCTaB~HKaMH H 3aK83'1HKaMH B ,u;pymx pecny6JIHKax, pa3BHTHe OT,IJ;eJibHLIX ceKTOpOB 3KOHOMHKH 6yp;eT Hanp.SIMYIO 3aBHCeTb OT TeMDOB 3KOHOMH'IeCKOro DOA'LeMa ua sceft: TeppHTOPHH 6Lmwero CCCP. ,Il;JI.SI orpaHH'IeHH.SI .u;auuoro pncKa cne.u;yeT co.u;efiCTBOBaTL MeCTHLIM npOH3BO,IJ;HTeiDIM B arpapHOM CeKTOpe H npOMLIWJieHHbiM npe.u;npH.SITH.SIM HCKa'I'o aJILTepHaTHBHLIX nocTasmnKOB H pLmKH c6LITa 3a npe.u;enaMH 6Lmwero CCCP. ,Il;JI.SI 3Toro noTpe6yeTC11 3Ha'IHTeJILHo DOBLICHTL Ka'leCTBO npO,IzyKIJ;HH B COOTBeTCTBHM C Me.>K,IzyiiapO,u;HLIMH CTaH,u;apTaMH, YJIY'IWHTL KaHaJILI C6LITa H riOBLICHTL Ha.,IJ;e.>KHOCTL DOCTaBOK. ,Il;aJILHeHWHe neperoBOpLI MeJK,Izy DpaBHTeJILCTBOM H COCe,u;HHMH CTpaHaMH 0 6onee CB060,IJ;HOM BLIXO,IJ;e K MOPCKHM DOPTaM MOryT CTaTL onpe.u;eiDiromHM 3JieMeHTOM B YCKOpeHHH ,IJ;HBepcHcpHKaiJ;HH TOprOBJIH 3a npe.u;eJiaMH Me.>Kpecny6JIHKaHCKHX pLlliKOB. 3. 71 Kou<t>JIHKT B coce.u;neM Ta,IOKHKHCTaHe TaiOKe MO.>KeT DOMeWaTb XO,Jzy CTPYKTYPHOA a,IJ;anTatniH B Y36eKHCTaHe. 060CTpeHHe pemOHaJILHOrO KOH<llJIHKTa MOJKeT OTBJie'IL BHHMaHHe DpaBHTeJILCTBa OT pean:n3au;uu pe<t>opM. 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B BB,D;e ABYCTOpOHHHX BlmOP'I' 3000 3780 4280 5200 6220 3aAMOB H SKCDOPTHLIX HecllTit 600 690 360 160 30 T~ JIDI'CliDIId CSuaBc ~~) 260 425 485 350 240 KpeAJITOB, H3 KOTOpLIX 6LIJIO cP8KTH'IeCKH !1 SToT CSBJiaBC OTPUC&CT cp~ee 3B&'IICBHC DOTPCCSBOCTCA 110 liBCWBCM DOJI)"IeHO OKOJIO 125 MJIH ci»HBaBf:HPOiaBHH• .u;onn. Y36eKHCTaH no,JUJucan cornameuue c §/ Dpe~oxaraeMLIA ypoBeBh ro~oaoro pcaJILaoro poCTa axr.oopn ua 1993-2002 BLir.JIS,Ig~T CJICJJ;YIODUIM oCSpuoM: XJIODOK (0,6X), ra3 (6,5X), 30JIOTO (OX), upo'IHC PoccueA (2 HOJI6p.SI 1992 BIWal TOBapoa (2,8X). r.), DO KOTOPOMY OH OTKa:WICJl OT npeTeH3HA Ha J/ Dp011HC BH,D;LI BICCDOpTa aJCJIIO'illOT D,IICTBLIC NCTa..JIJILI, WCJIK, TCKCTHJih, upo~ HMYJ.QeCTBO CCCP s oCSMeH arpoupONLIDJJICBBOCTH, CTIBKH H o6opy~OiaBHC, XHMHK&TLI H T.~ ua o6g3aTeJILCTBO Poccuu B3JITL ua ce6Jl BLDIJiaT)' .u;onu Y36exncTaua so auewneM ,u;onre CCCP. :91-o ,D;OJIJKBO OK8.38TL D03HTHBHOe B03,1J;eACTBHe Ha Kpe.u;HTOCDOC06HOCTL 2 Y36emcraua. A. OUEHKA DOTPEBHOCTE:A BO BHEWHEM 4tJHHAHCHPOBAHHH 4.3 J1106U OU:eHKa DOTpe()uocreA Y36eKHCTaHa BO BHeWHeM cPBHaHCHPOBaHHB uenpeMeHHO OKa.xceTC.K npe,J.\BapHTeJILHOA B BeCLMa DpH6JIH3HTeJILHOA, XOTJI ORa H MOXeT 6LITL DOJie3Ha npB OU:eHKe nepcneKTHB Y36eiCHCTaua npu Jij)yroA oprauH3au:HH a nepexOAHLm nepuo.u;. HWKecne)lYIO~HA auanu3 !/ HcoCSxo,Jg~Mo )"'IITWB&Tit, 111'0 CSBJiasc NCliCpccii)'6JIHKa&cKoA ToproBJIH a 1992 r. oneaHBBJic• II)'TCM HC11HCJicmu pyCSJicaoro ~c4»~a II ~o..JIJiapax Ba OCBOBC CSHP:»tCIOro oCSMCBBOro lt)'PCS. 3Ta IJ,Htpa BCCKOJihKO 3aBIOKCBa H3-3& BH3KOro OISMCBBOro JCYPCL 2/ CJie,JzyCT OTNCTHTh, 'ITO "B)'JICBOA aapHaBT ~OJII'&" Be ICT)'DHT I CHJI)' AO TCX DOp, DOlt& PoccHS DC 31UCJIJ01UIT ;ci»~BJihBLIX cornameaHA c HBOCTpaBBLINH Kp~opaNH o upHUTHH sa ceCSJI BBCWBHX oCS•saTCJihCTB CSLiamcro CCCP. 3-ro No:zeT DOIIJIHSTit B& up~OCTUJICBHC KOBKpCTBLIX ,IUSJCTOpOBBHX 3aA'MOD, ICOTOpDIC )'lKC OAOCSpeBLI.  -46- AOJDKeH paccMaTpHBaThC11 KaK cu;euapHfl TOro, '11'0 MOJKeT npOH30fiTH npH OnpeAeJieHHbiX 3KOHOMH'IeCKHX YCJIOBIDIX, a He KaK npe,D;CKa3aHHe npOni030B Ha 6y,u;ymee. llOTpeOHOCTb BO BHeWHeM ¢HHaHCHpOBaHHH Ha 1993 r. 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B 1994-96 IT, DOTpeOHOCTH B ¢HHaHCHpOBaHHB OIJ;eHHBaiOTCll B 600-700 MJIH ,Il;OJIJI. npH ycnoBHH, 'ITO npasHTeJihCTBO npose,u;eT mHpOKOMacwTaOHbie pe¢opMbi no cTa6HJIH3aiJ;HH SKOHOMHKH 3 (BKJIIO'IaK ,u;eueJKHYIO pe¢opM)'), a TaiOKe px,n; CTPYKTYPHbiX nepeMeH (eM. rnasy 3). 4.4 11MnOpT cpe,D;CTB npOH3BO,Il;CTBa ,Il;JIH pa3pa60TKH Ta~4.2 3aJiexefl ue¢TH :u no,u;,u;epxauiDI Cp~cc:poliBLIC npomo3LC UOTpc6BOCTB 110 llliCmBCM ci»BB&Balp()JiaBJIK SKcnopTa npHpo,u;uoro raJa OY.IJ.YT uo ~cuapmo npoJSCACBBll pc4M>p.,.a :nMeTb oco6oe Jnaqeuue c TO'IKH (II Klill ,11;0JllL) 3peHIDI HX BJIIDIHH.Sl B 1994-95 IT. ua nnaTeJKHbm 6anauc (TIE). 1993 llOBblllleHHe npOH3BO,D;BTeJibHOCTH Tpy,u;a MOrJIO 6bi CUOC06CTBOBaTh !homu :k.p:mu rp~ I'J..I~ DO,IUJ;ep.xcaHHIO 3KCDOpTa XJIODKa Ha ,Il;OJDKHOM ypOBHe B TOM CJI}"'ae, 455 555 eCJIH 6y,DyT npHIDITbi Mepbi K COBepweHCTBOBaHHIO CHCTeMbi Bccnpo~cBTHLIH Te~ WiaTC:lKBhlH 6anauc (.nc¢HIJ.HT) 230 280 06c~aHHC ,noJira COpTHpOBKH H ,D;OCTaBKH AMopTH3au,HJI 0 0 npo,tzyKIJ;:n:n. 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O,u;uaKO DOTpe6HOCTH BO BHeWHeM !/ YKa3aHHbiH BblillC pii36poc OTpD<:aCT BCOnpc,nCJieBHOCTh 8 OTHOlliCBHH ¢nuauc:npoaauu:u OYAYT cpc,nHcro 3H81iCBH:.li Kax,noro 3JICMCBTa, a HC &JlbTCpHaTHBBhlH DOAJ[O~ npO.IJ;OIDKaTL paCTH B CB.si3H C TaK.HM o6pa30M, HH HIDKBJIJI, BH 8epXBJIJI rpaHHD.a BC MOryr 6biTb CJIOJKCBLI C TCM, 'lT05bi DOJIY'lHTb HC38BHCHMl>IH WiaTCJK.HblA 6anauc. o6cnyJKusau:neM AOJira. B §_/ 3TH U.H!flpLI O'rpll)KaJOT pccypcLI, HC06XO,nHMl.IC .Jl,1lJI C03,ItaBHJI PC3CpBOB, Ta6n:nu;ax 4.2 H 4.3. ,u;aubi 3KBHBIUICBTBbiX TpCXMCCJil.lHOM}' o6'LCM}' HMIIOpTa. llpHWITbiH 31UI&C npe,u;sapHTeJILHbie OIJ;eHKH ll:S pC3Cp808 Ha KOBCU. 1992 ro,na 6b1Jl B3JIT 3& 1,5 MJip,It ,ItOJIJiapoB. Y36eKHCTaHa :u CB.SI3auuoA c HHM DOTpe6HOCTH BO BHeWHeM ¢>:uuauc:nposau:uu B nepHOA Me.xc,u;y 1993 H 2002 IT. B COOTBeTCTBHH C ODHCaHHbiM B rnase 3 cu;euap:neM pe¢OpM. '2/ llpc,IJ.IIOJiaraCTC.Ii, 'ITO: 1) npa8HTCJibCTBO DpOBC,ItCT pe!flopM}' U.CH B CCJlbCKOM X03JlHCTBC H 8 3HeprcTINCCKOM CCKTOpC; 2) pCIUibBbiA o6MCHHbiA K}'PC 3HQ'iHTCJlbHO DOBbiCHTCJI 8 1993-94 IT., a 3aTCM OCTaBCTCJI CTa6HJibHbiM; 3) B TC'lCHHC 8CCrO 3TOI'O DCpHO~ TOproBJIJI X.'IIODKOM H BC!f>TLJO 6y,ItCT OC)'Il.\CCTBJIJITbCJI Ha OCHOBC ~fHPOBbiX U.CH; 4) TOprCBJIJI DpHpO,IJ;HbiM ra.30M DCpC~CT B& MHpOBbiC U.CHbl 8 1994 r.; 5) 30JIOTO ()y,neT npo,naBaTbCJI DO MHpOBbiM U.CHaM.  -47- Ta~4.3 Cp,e,w:J!eciJO'!Hhle upomo3LC mrrpe6noCTH so BBemneN ~BB&BCBPOIWIHll no ~enapBJO ~pa(l (NliB AOJIJI.) .!22.1. 1996 1999 2002 HillKIDUI BepXIDUI HIDK.IUUI BepXIDUI HIDKHJij{ BepXIDUI HIDKIWI BepXBJIJI rpamm.a rpamm.a rpamn.J.a rpanHI.J.a rpaBHII.a rpaaHII.a rpaaHII.a rpaBifi.J.B 06IIUfC liOTpetlBOCTH B ¢miaBCHpOBaBHH 540 665 685 835 745 91(J 565 695 Eecnpou.enTBbiH TeK}'lll;HH IIJiaTe)I{HbiH 355 430 340 410 160 190 30 40 6ananc 06~anue .n;onra AMopTH3ai.J.IDI 10 15 170 210 380 470 310 380 qHCThiH npOIJ.CBTBhlHtfoxo.n; 25 35 100 120 160 195 185 225 HlMCBCBIDl pe3epsoB 150 185 75 95 45 55 40 50 Bcro1UIBIIJI ci»BBBBCBPOBaliBI. 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B 1997 r. qTO KacaeTCX He¢TH, TO Y36eKHCTaH MOr 6hi fiOJIHOCTbiO OOeCDe"UITL CBOH BuyTpeHHHe fiOTpe6HOCTH B He A K 1995 r., a K 1997 r. -- CTaTL 'IHCTbiM 3KCDOpTepOM He¢rn. ECJIH 3TH pacqeTbi ODpaB,D;aiOTCH, TO K 2000 r. Te~HA C'leT MO.JKeT ,D;aTL npH6biJIL. 4.6 Ilo,rr;aep)l{eHHOCTb Y36eKHcTaHa pHCKY Toaapnhrx u;eu (uanpuMep, cKa'IKOB n;eu ua xnonox, 30JIOTO, ne¢Tb H npMpO,D;HLm ra3) MOJKeT B cpe,IJ;HecpoqnoA nepcneKTBBe nopo,JUITb cepLe3HLie npo()neMLI, UOCKOJibKY 3KCnOpT Y36eKHCTaHa OCTaHeTCH B OCHOBHOM CKOHIJ;eHTpHpOBaHHbiM Ha CLipLeBLIX TOBapax, ,D;BIDKeHBe :u;eH Ha KOTOPhie TeCHO B3aHMOCBH3aHO. :9Ta DO,D;BepJKeHHOCTL OKaJKeT B03,D;efiCTBHe Ha Y30eKCK}'IO 3KOHOMBKY -- Henocpe,D;CTBeHHO Ha ypOBeHb 3KCDOpTHbiX ,D;OXO,Il;OB (a 3HatJUT, H Ha ,u;OXO,D;LI npa.BHTeJILCTBa OT HaJIOrOB) H Ha tiHCThm ,Il;OXO,D; H xapaKTep npOH3BO,D;CTBa H fiOTpe6JieHIDI npeAIIpiDITHA; a TaiOKe KOCBeHHO Ha npOBe,D;eHHe MaKpOSKOHOMB'leCKOff DOJIBTHKH H, B03MO}KH0, Ha BaJIIOTHLrH KYPC paBHOBeCIDI. 4. 7 BaJIIOTHhre c6epe.JKeHilSi chrrpaioT B KpaTKO- H cpe,rr;uecpoquoff nepcneKTHBe qpe3Bbl'Iafiuo BaJKH}'IO POJIL. ITpH YCJIOBBH, 'ITO: 1) B 1993-94 IT. OIO,lUKeTHhm ,n;eqmr(HT CHH3HTCH H CTaOHJIH3HpyeTCH Ha ~I KoTopble 06~aJOTCJi 8 rnase 10, IIOC8~CHBOH 3BCpreTH'ICCKOM)' CCKTOpy, HO HC OTP&.ifCCH~ B Cl.tCBapHH pccPopM, ODHCLlBaCMOM 8 .n;aBBOH r.11aBc.  -48- yposue 5 npoueHToB BBTI, H 2) BH}'TpeHHHe c6epe)KeHIDI .II;OCTHrnyT 3Hal.JHTeJILHOrO ypOBH.SI PBc. 4.1 R~ft'CliDIId 6a.uBc • Ci~c:TIII.d .-cc~JBqBT JIHWL B .II;OJirocpOl.JHOH nepcneKTHBe, MO)KHO Do cucaapHJO pc~opN (a opoucBTax BBTI) npe.II;OOJIO)KHTL, 'ITO B03HHKHeT DOTpe6HOCTh BO 10 BHelliHHX c6epe.IKeHIUlX, 06pa3yeMLIX B peJyJILTaTe COKpaiUeHIDI .II;eQJHUHTa DO TeK}'lllHM cl.JeTaM. 3To no3BOJIHT Y36eKHcTaHy cPHHaHClipOBaTL ro~~y,napCTBeHHbie If 'iaCTHLie KanliTaJIOBJIO}KeHIDI so speMJI nepexo.na K pbiHOl.JHOH 3KOHOMHKe, a TaiOKe Oy,IleT CDOC06CTBOBaTh DJia.BHOMY BOCCTa.HOBJieHHIO 5 yposueff l.laCTuoro noTpe6neHIDI (eM. PHc. 4.1). Ha nepsoM 3Tane 60JILWaJl l.JaCTL auewuHx cPHHaHCOB 6y.r.teT DOC1j'IIaTL npaaHTeiiLCTBY H rocy,napCTaeHHhiM npennpiDITIDIM. O.nuax:o no Mepe yrJiy6JieHH.H CTPYKTYPHbiX peij>OpM BaJIIOTHLie c6epexeHIDI 6Y.r.tYT cnoco6CTBOBaTL IlJI&TCXBialff 6&JI&BC yBeJIH'IeHHIO 06'beMa cpHHaHCOB, BLIJieiDieMLIX HOBOM)' l.JaCTHOMY CeKTOpy. BOJMO~blE HCTO"'HHKH 4tHHAHCHPOBAHHH 4.8 TiocKOJihlcy np.srMLie HHOCTpaHHLie HHBeCTHUHH (nHH) CTauyT BaJKHhiM HCTO'IHHKOM cPHHaHCOBLIX cpe.IICTB JIHWh B cpe.II;He- H .IlOJlroCpO'liHOff nepcneKTHBe, 3Ha'IHTeJILHU 'laCTL DOTpe6HOCTH Y36eKHCTaHa B KpaTKO- H cpe.r.tHecpO'iHOM cPHHaHCHpOBaHHH, B03MO.>KHO, .D;OJDK.Ha 6y.r.teT y,u;OBJieTBOp.SITLC.K H3 OcpHJUiaJILHLIX HCTOliHHKOB B B~e .IlBYCTOpOHHHX 3aiiMO.B., 3KCDOPTHLIX Kpe,JtHTOB, 38AMOB CO CTOPOIILI MHorocropouHHX opraHH38QHA, TaKHX KaK MSPP, MB<P, ESPP, a TaiOKe B03MOlKBO A:SP a EC. a 6e3B03Me3,1UILIX Kpe.InJTOB DO TeXHIJlleCKOA H ryMaHHTapaoA DOMOIIlH. npeJUIOJianul, 'liTO BOBaJI BaJIIOTa 6y,u;eT BBe,D;eHa B 1993 r., ,IJ;JIJ[ IIO,JUJ;epJKaHHJI ee KOHBepTHpyeMOCTH D.'OTpec5yeTCJI 3Ha11HTeJILIILIA OCS1.eM MeiK,UYHapO,IUihiX pe3epBOB. no oneHKaM, Ys6eKHCTa.H pacnoJiaraeT 3HaliliTeJILHLIM 3anacOM Me}K,Jzyllapo,D;HLIX pe3epBOB B ij>OpMe 30JIOTa, a TaKXe npOH3BOJIHT npHMepHO 65 TOHH 30JIOTa B ro,u; ('ITO DO MHPOBLIM PLIHO"'HLIM UeHaM B anpeJie 1993 r. COOTBeTCTByeT npHMepHO 760 MJIH .n;OJIJI.) 0,D;HaKO ,D;IDI C03,Jla.HIDI MHHHMaJILHhiX Me)f(,lzyHapO.r.tHbiX 3aDaCOB, 06ecne"'HBaiOUlHX OCYWeCTBJieHHe HMDOpTHLIX OnepaiUiff, Y36eKHcTauy npHJieTc.sr 3aHHMaTL cpe.IICTBa 3a py6e}KOM. l.faCTHOe ljJHHaHCHpOB3HHe 4.9 llpiiMble Wt0CmpC1HHb1B UHf/ecmuz.pJu (llHH). AlcuHOHepHLlB HHBeCTHUHOHHLlB KaDHTaJI H COBMeCTHLie npe.rmpmrriDI MOrJIH 6LI CTaTL .tliDI Y36eKHCTaHa 3Ha'IHTeJILHLIM HCTO"'HHKOM cpe,D;CTB 8 cpe,IUJecpOl.JHOff nepcneKTHBe. t{T06LI DOTeHUHaJILHLie HHOCTPaHHLie HHBeCTOPLI 3aXOTeJIH BJIOJICH'l'J_, cpe,JlCTBa B Y36eKCK}'IO 3KOHOMHicy, Ha,D;O 3aHHTepeCOBaTL HX ,D;OCTaTO'iHLIM ypOBHeM DpH6LIJiea, 6naronpiDITIILIM DpaBOBLIM pe)KJIMOM H aTMOC<j>epoA CTa6HJILHOCTH. llOCKOJILK)' BCe 9TO DOTpe6yeT ,D;JIHTeJILHOro BpeMeHH, B 6JIIDKatfWeM 6y,nyilleM He npHXO,D;HTCJI OJKH,ItaTL 3Ha'lHTeJILHOro DpHTOKa HHBeC'I'HIUffl. B 1992 r. H3B~CTHa.sr aMepHKaHCKaJl .II;06biBaiOlllU KOMI!aHH.sr 06J13aJiaCL JtJJIOJKHTL 8 1993-94 IT. 0'1' 80 .n;O100 MJIH ,D;OJIJI. B .no6LNY 30IIOTa Ha y)Ke pa3senaHHLIX MeCTopoJK.IJ;euWix. 0.IUiaKO, ecnu Y36eKHCTaH pewHT OTKPLlTL 6ecnpernrTCTBeHHbrH .UOCTYJI K pa3pa60TKe 3aJie)Kef{, 3TO MO}KeT DPHBJie"'L UeJILnl pg,u; HHOCTpa.HHLIX cpBpM. HeQ>Tera30Basl npOMhWIJieHHOCTL TaJOKe cnoco6ua npHBJieliL nHH. OJKII,JlaeTc.sr, 'ITO 06'LeM nHH B Y36eKCKYIO 3KOHOMHK}' MO)KeT B03paCTH CO 100 MJIH ,D;OJIJI, B 1993 r. ,D;O 200 MJIH B 1995 r. H 250 MJIH B 1997 r. §/ Cnc.eycT HMCTb a BH.IJY, 'ITO cooToaowcaHc TeiC)'JllHX C'leToa K BBn 3uwmcao. Ouo OTJ)utacT 3&BHJKeaawff JCYPC pyCS.U, 06'LJICBJDOnUiifCJI HCXO.liBbiM COCTOmiHCM pWBK8 I 1992 r.  ... 49- 4.10 BHeumemopzollble ~ H3 KOMMep"'eCKHX 'laCTHLIX HCTO'IHHKOB npe,IJ;CTaBIDliOT C060fl aJILTepHaTHBHLrA HCTO'IHHK cPHHa.HCHPOBaHWI )I.JIJ[ Y36eKHCTaHa B cpe~ecpO'IHOB nepcneKTHBe. no Mepe CTa6HJIH3auHH 3KOHOMHKH H OC~eCTBJieHWI DOCJie,D;OBaTeJILHOfl BHeWHeTOproBOfl DOJIHTHKH OHH MOryT npeapaTHTLC.sl B 3Ha'IHTeJILHLrA HCTO\IHHK KpaTKO<~pOl!HOro cPHHaHCHpOBaHWI. 4.11 Y 36eKHCTaH MOr 6LI TaiOKe DOJIY'IHTJ:~ ,D;OCTyll K {/juHCJHC08blM cpei}cm8aM~ rmiJeKc:upo/JaHHblM OTTlHOCI.l11leJ mo/Japnba qeH, B Ka'leCTBe aJILTepHaTHBLI, HanpuMep, cPHHaHCOBLIM BHBeCTB~.slM B no,u;oTpacnu MBHepanhHLIX pecypcos unu npOH3BO,D;CTBa xnonKa. lloTenu;uanLHLm oo'LeM cpe,n;cTB, KOTOPLie MOryT 6LITL nOJiyl-IeHbi 'lepe3 BLmyCK 06JIHrau;HA, HH,JJ.eKCHpOBaHHLIX, HanpHMep, OTHOCHTeJILHO n;eHLI 30JIOTa, B cpe,IUiecpOl.IHOH nepcneKTBBe npe,n;CTaBJUieTC.K OrpaHH'IeHHLIM, HO MO)I{eT ,D;OCTJiqL 3HaquTeJILHOfO YPOBIDI 6 B .u;onrocpo'IHOA nepcneKTHBe. tJ)uuaHCHpOBaHHe H3 o«J1HUHa.TihHI»>X HCTOqHHKOD 4.12 KaK MHOfOCTOpOHHee, TaK H .u;BYCTOpOHHee cPHHaHCHpOBaHMe MOJKeT CLITpaTL 3HaquTeJILHYIO ponL B nepuo,n; nepexo,n;a Y36eKHCTaHa K pLmot:moA 3KOHOMBKe. MH020C1710p0HHl.te opZCDIU3al.p.IU cMoryT OKa3aTL STOB CTpaHe Cyt.qeCTBeHHYIO no,n;.u;ep.JKlcy U npose,u;eHBB WBpOKOB nporpaMMLI pecpopM. 0CHOBOA WUl OKa3aHB.K MaCWTa6HOB ,JJ;BYCTOpOHHeA H MHOrQCTOPOHHel'J DOMO~H MOfJIO 6LI CTaTL cornaweuue C MB<I> B paMKax npOrpaMMLI Kpe,D;BTOBaHB.K CBCTeMHOB nepeCTpOfiKH, JIH60 npe,JJ;OCTaBJieHIDI pe3epBHLIX Kpe,IUITOB. BceMupnLm EauK Mor 6Lr CblfPaTL ponL KaTaJIH3aTopa B Mo6unu3au;HH ,n;ononHBTeJILHLIX pecypcos, 3aKJIIO'IBB COrJiaweHB.K 0 COBMeCTHOM BJIH napanJieJILHOM cPBHaHCBpOBaHBB npoeKTOB. llOKa 0 ,u;aTe 3aKJiro'leHu.sr TaKHX cornaweuuA c MB<I> rosopiiTD pauo. BceMupuLm BanK 8 HacTo.sri.I.J;ee speMSI roT08HT 3aeM ua Pa38HTBe HHCTIJTYiniOHaJILHLIX CTPYKTYP H OKa3aHHe TeXHB'IecKoA noMOJ..UH Y 36eKHcTaH}'. B nepuo,n; nocne 1993 r., a 3asucuMOCTB OT nporpecca B ocyw;eCTBJie~BH pe<PopM, BceMBPHLm liauK npo,n;oJDKHT pa3pa60TKY cepHB npOeKTOB, KaCaiOI..UHXC.K CeJILCKOro X03.KfiCTBa, Hppurau;BOHHLIX pa60T, JIIO,JJ;CKHX pecypCOB, npH8aTB3aii;HH H suepreTHKH. MnoroCTopouuee <t>uuaucuposauue 8 sn,u;e c;lluuaucosLIX o6x3aTeJILCTB MoxeT B 1993 r. COCTaBHTL B cpe,u;HeM 60 MJIH ,D;OJIJiapOB, a B 1994-96 IT. -- B cpe,JJ;HeM 400 MJIH ,JJ;OJIJI. IlpH nocne.u;osaTeJILHOM npose,n;euuu pe<PopM .u;o KOHu;a TeK}'W;ero ,u;ecxTHJieTIDI o)I{M,D;aeTcx CTa6HJILHLrA npHTOK Kpe,D;HTHLIX cpe,JJ;CTB H3 MHOrQCTOpOHHHX HCTOqHHKOB. 4.13 't!aCTHtiHLie 06.K3aTeJILCTBa DO dfJ~ !fimcmrupol/alaDo B BB,JJ;e npXMLIX npaBHTeJibCTBeHHLIX 3aHMOB COCTaBHJIH B 1993 r. npHMepHO 280 MJIH ,D;OJIJI. B c.rryqae npOBe,D;eHB.K Y36emcTaHOM KpynuoMacwTa6HLIX 3KOHOMH'IecKHx pe<PopM MOJKHO oJKH,u;aTL npe,n;ocTasneuH.K eMY .u;ononHHTeJILHLIX <PnnaHcOBLIX cpe.u;CTB. B 1992 r. EC o.u;o6puno npe,n;oCTasneuue 3aAMa na CYMMY OKOJIO 130 MJIH ,D;OJIJI. Ha HMnOpT npO,D;OBOJILCTBIDI H Me,D;HKa.MeHTOB, HO ,ll;O CHX nop He BLmJiaTHJIO ero H3-3a 11 IOpH,D;H'IeCKHX 6apnepOB! B03HHKlliHX B CBX3H C COrJiaWeHHeM 0 H}'JieBOM BapHaHTe". 4.14 AzeHmcrn8a no ~KCnOpmHblM Kpei}umaM (A:9K) MOryT TaK)I{e CLITpaTL 3HatiHTeJILH}'IO pOJib DO Mepe YKPenneuu.sr KOMMept~ecKHx csx3eA Y36eKHCTaua c ,u;pymMH CTpaHaMH Mupa. HecKOJILKO MHOCTpaHHLIX npasHTeJILCTBeHHLIX ASK yxe npe.u;oCTaBHJIH Y36eKHCTauy Kpe,n;HTHLie JIHHHH, r,n;e qHCTLie ,n;syCTopoHHHe 3aAMLI o6LitiHO co'leTaroTcx c 3KcnopTHLIMH Kpe,D;HTaMH; cpe,u;u 3THX CTpau -- TypuH.Sl, Mcnauu.sr, Mu.u;one3H.K, maeAu;apiDI, HH,D;WI H KHTaA. 3TOT BH,D; cpHHaHCHPOBaHWI MO)I{eT o6ecnetiHTL Y36eKHCTauy e)l{ero,u;uoe DOJ'I}"JeHHe He MeHee 100 MJIH ,D;OJIJI. 4.15 0}fQf)J;aeTCX, 'ITO B KpaTKO- H cpe,u;necpO'IHOA nepcneKTHBe Y36eKHCTaH DO.nyq:HT c~eCTBeHHhrA o6'LeM ~ noMOU.pJ. Ha npowe,IUIIeM B llapiDKe B ,u;eKa6pe 1992 r. coae~auuu rpynnLI no npe,u;aapHTeJILHLIM KoncynLT~M. no.u; npe,u;ce.u;aTeJILCTBOM BceMupuoro BauKa, Y36eKHCTaHY 6LIJIH npe,D;CTaBJieHLI OOX3aTeJILCTBa nO cPHHaHCHPOBaHHIO 60JILWefl 'laCTH y36eKCKHX DOTpe6HOCTefl B TeXHHtieCKOA DOMOJ..UH, nepetieHL KOTOPLIX Y3tleKHCTaH nepe.u;an OcpHII;HaJILHLIM ,D;OHOpaM. TaKHM o6pa30M, B 1993 r. §/ CJIC.IJYCT o(5paTIITb BBHMBHHC Ba TO, 'ITO IJpC~SpHTCJibBLJM YCJIOBHCM ~ DO.i.i)"'CBHJI Y36CKHCTaBOM ~OCT)'II8 K ~HBaBCBM, HB,ItCKCHPOBSBBhiM OTBOCHTCJibBO TOBapBbiX I.J,CB, a TBIOKC K JIJ0<5hiM cpHBBBCaM, CBJI38BHhiM C 31lJIOfOM HM)'llteCTBa. (5yACT A0<5pOBOJihHhlA OTKa:J KpC,nHTOpOB OT BCraTHBBhiX 0<5JI38TCJibCTB.  -50- Y30eKHCTaH MO:>KeT paCCtiHTLIBaTL Ha DOJI}"ieHHe B BH.IJ;e 6e3B03Me3.IJ;HOA TeXHH'IeCKO:A DOMO~H C)'MMbi 8 30 MJIH .IJ;OJIJI., a 3aTeM e:>Kei'O.IJ;HO DO 20 MJIH .IJ;OJIJI, .IJ;O KOHIJ;a cpe,a;necpOl.JHOro nepHO,D;a. 3TOT DJiaH OCHOBaH Ha npe,n,norroiKeHHH, 'ITO wHpOKaK nporpaMMa noMO~H a Pa3BHTHH Pa3JIH'IHLIX o6naCTe:A H ceKTopo8 3KOHOMHKH OKa:>KeT Y36eKHCTauy c~eCTBeHHYIO noMO~L. lloTpe6HOCTH Y36eKHCTaua a TeXHH'IecKoA DOMOIIJ;H pa.ccMaTpHBaiOTC.SI 8 pa3JIHqHLIX pa3,n,enax 3TOro OT'IeTa. B neJIOM Y36eKHCTaH ,JJ;OJDKell DOJI}"IHTL oowHplfYIO nporpaMMY noMow;H 8 o6nacTH ynpaBJieHWI 3KOHOMHKO:A H rocy,u;apCTsenHLIM ceKTopoM, npHBaTH3aiJ;HH, pa3BHTIDI qacTHOro ceKTOpa, CHCTeMLI COIJ;HaJILHOi% 3~HTLI, cpHHaHCOB, CeJlLCKOro X03JI:ACTBa, 3HepreTHKH, rOpHO,D;OOLIBarow;ei% npOMLIWJieHHOCTH, TpaHCDOpTa HilpOMLWIJieHHOCTH. 3THnpOrpaMMLIOY,D;YT qpe3BLI1.Jaifuo Ba>KHLI ,u;JI.K ycnewnoro npo8e,a;enHJI pecpopM B Y36eKHCTaue. 4.16 llocne pacna.a;a 6Lmwero CCCP Y36eKHCTau noJI}"iaeT 6e3803Me3.IUIYIO ryMauHTapuyro noMo~ KaK OT l.JaCTHLIX, TaK H OT npaBHTeJILCT8eHHLIX areHTCTO. B Te'leHHe nepeXO,D;HOro nepHO,D;a, 8 IJ;eJIJIX pemeHIDI npo6rreM 3,n,pasooxpaueHWI H oKpy:>KaromeA cpe,u;LI, Y36eKHCTaH MO:JKeT OJKH,D;aTL nonyqeHHJI ,u;anLne:AweA HazypaJILHOH DOMOIUH -- HanpHMep, B BH,D;e Q>apMaiJ;eBTH'IeCKHX npO,IJyKTOB -- a TaJOKe ,u;pymx CBJ13aHHbiX C 3THM BH,D;OB qmnaHCOBOH DO,IJ.IJ;ep.>KKH. llACCMBHbiA CUEHAPMR 4.17 Ecrru "pecpopMaTopcmii" cnenapHi% npe.nnonaraeT ,u;osonLno aKTHBHOe yqaCTHe ocpHIJ;HaJILHLIX Kpe,nuTopos a qmnancHposaHHH cpe.a;necpoqnLIX noTpe6noCTen Y36emcTaua, TO a naccHBHOM cnenapuu paccMaTpusaeTcx aapHaHT Toro, 'ITO 3Ha1.JHTeJILHLIX o6'heM08 HHOCTpauuoro cpunaucupo8aHWI HJIH npJIMLIX 3apyoe:>KHbiX MHBeCTHIJ;Hi% 8 CTpauy nocrynaTL He 6y,n;eT. B 3TOM c.nyqae Y36eKHCTaHY npH,D;eTC$1 DOJiaraTLCX rJiaBHhiM oopa30M Ha CBOH COOCTBeHHLie pe3ep8LI H Ha CKpOMHLl:A 06'heM HHOCTpaHHLIX 3a:AMOB, npe,n,Ha3Hal.JeHHLIX ,D;.JLSl Q>HHaHC.Hp08aHWI 8HeWHHX ,D;HCOaJiaHCOB. ~8YCTOpOHHHe 3aAMLI, B OCHOBHOM noczynarow;ue H3 PoccHH H Typn:nu, sepowruo coCTa8JIT 3Ha'IHTeJILH}'IO 'laCTL o6mHx HHOCTPaHHLIX Kpe,n;HTOB. no 3TOMY cueuapHro o6'heM cpunancoBLIX cpe,n;CTB MO:JKeT B03paCTH c 300 MJIH ,u;onn. 8 1993 H 1994 IT. npHMepHO ,JJ;O 350 MJIH ,JJ;OJIJI. B 1997 r. llpH 3TOM, yqHTLIBWI OTCYTCTBHe 3a:AM08 H3 OcpHIUiaJILHLIX H KOMMepqecKHX HCTO'IHHKOB, cp:HHaHCHpOBaHHe OOJiee C~eCTBeHHbiX DOTpe6HOCTe:A 6y,n;eT 3aTpy,u;neHO, 'CITO OTPHUaTeJILHLIM o6pa30M CKa:JKeTcx na ypoene noTpe6nenHJI na ,n;ywy nacenenu, a TaJOKe ua nepcneKTHsax SKOHOMWiecKoro poeTa cTpanLI (eM. Ta6nuey 4.4 ). 4.18 ~aHHLIH BapHaHT npe.IJ;DOJiaraeT, 'ITO DpaBHTeJILCT8eHHLie pecpOpMbi Oy,IzyT DOJIOBHHllaTLIMH, a KpynuoMacwTa6nLrx pecpopMaTopcmx HHHIJ;HaTHB oc~eCTBJIJITLC.si ne 6y.u;eT. CepLe3HaB 3a.BHCHMOCTL OT Me:JKpecny6JIHKaHCKOH TOprOBJIH TaiOKe HaKJia,IUillJaeT 09'aHHl:leHHJI Ha OO~HA 05'beM TOproBJIH, a CJie,D;OBaTeJILHO, M na ypOBeHL 3KOHOMH'IeCKOA aKTHBHOCTH. Zl DpcJnioJiaracTcJI, 'ITO: 1) pcMLBhiH olSMCBBbiA K}'PC DOBbiCHTCJI IS 1993-95 IT. IS c:ooTBCTCTBHH c H3MCBCBHJINH IS pylSJICBOA 30BC, DOCJIC 'ICrO OCTaBCTCJI DOCTOJIBBbiM; 2) XJIODOK H BC~Th lSy,DyT C KOBJ4& 1993 r. npOA&B&ThC.B IJO NlfPOBbiN U,CB&N; 3) BCCbMa orpaBH'ICBBIUI DO OlS'LCM}' ToproBJIJI JiplfPOAHLIM ra30N B 1994 r. 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YCROBH.sl JtJlSI llPOBE)lEHMSl PE<I()PMhl 5.6 Pacna,u; CoaeTcKoro Coro3a u nepexo,o; K pLmoquofl 3KOHOMHKe -- ,IUJa ocuoBHLIX <t>aKTopa. ODpe,IJ;en.SliO~X XO,D; nepeMeH B CHCTeMe DOJIHTH'IeCKOfO yCTpOfiCTBa H ynpa&neHIDI rocy,D;apCTBeH~ ceKTopoM B Y36eKHCTaHe. Y36eKHCTauy cne.o;yeT Pa3BHBaTL HaiU~OHa.JILifYIO caM06biTHOCTb. pa3pa6aThiBaTL :u;eHHOCTH, KOTOpLie ruuyr B OCHOBY ero Pa3BHTIDI, H YTBep)K,D;aTL CBOIO He3aBHCHMOCTL B pemOHaJILHOA B Me.lK,JzyllapO,D;HO:fl 06CTaHOBKe, KOTOpaSI xapaKTepH3yeTCJI 3KOHOMH'IeCKOA H DOJIHTH'IeCKOA HeOnpe,u;eneHHOCTbiO. JIHWeHHOe B TelfeHHe MHOrHX neT B03MOJKHOCTetf ,D;JI.Sl aKTHBHOI'O yqaCTIDI B DOJIHTH'!eCKOA XH3HH, HaCeJieHHe ,D;OJDKHO o6peCTH DOJIHTHlfeCKyro rpaMOTIIOCTL; npu pa3BHTHH yqaCTWI uaceneHIDl a npo:u;ecce ynpaBJieHHj{ ,u;enaMu cTpaHLI cne.o;yeT yqHTLIBaTL pa3JIH"'IDI, c~eCTByYO~e Me)K,D;y ceJILCKHMH H ropo,u;cKHMH TPa,D;HUIDIMH u ycnoBHj{MH a Y36eKHCTane. 5. 7 Tpa,u;HIJ;uouuo cuCTeMa ynpaBJieHIDl onupaJiacL ua KOHTPOJIL u ,u;HpeKTHBLI H3 D;eHTpa. opu OrpaJIHlleiDIOM ,u;enempOBaHHH DOJIHOMO"'HA Ha MeCTa. Taxotf KOHTPOJib HMeJI Ba..xaiOe 3HalfeHBe H B OTHOWeHIDIX Me.xc.,uy lfHHOBHHKaMH H HaceneHHeM; "'HHOBHHKH ,D;OJDKHbl 6LIJIH OCYIQeCTBIDITb KOHTpOJib H npHMeiDITb MepLI c,u;epxrnsauu BMeCTo Toro, lfT06bi cocpe,D;OTO"'HTLCJ~ ua o6ecnelfeHHH ycn:yr uaceneuuro KaK COBOK}'IIHOCTH HH,D;HBHAfaJibHbiX rpaJK,IJ;aH. TaKag a,D;MHHHCTpaTHBHag cpe,u;a OrpaHH"'HBaJia ,u;HaDa30H B033peuuit H DPOcPeCCHOHaJibHbiX HaBLIKOB rocy,u;apCTBeHHbiX CJIY.>KaJ..U;HX. 5.8 He CYIQeCTBOBa.JIO KaK TaKOBbiX BHeWHHX peBH3Hfl paCXO;!J;OB npaBHTeJILCTBa, a Ha,D;30p 3a HCDOJIHHTeJILHOA BJI8CTLIO H ee ,D;effCTBHj{MH HOCHJI orpaHHlfeHHLm xapaKTep. Cpe,D;CTBa MaCCOBOfl HHcpOpMa:u;HH B DpOWJIOM He HMeJIH B03MO.xrnOCTH CB060,D;HO HHcpOpMHpOBaTL Haceneuue 0 ,D;efiCTBHj{X DPaBHTCJILCTBa HJIH OTKPLITO HX KOMMeHTHpOBaTL. OcYJ,QeCTBJieHHe BJiaCTHLIX cpYJIKIJ;Hfl 6e3 06J..U;eCTBeHHOro KOHTpOn.Sl H 6e3 DO,D;OT'IeTHOCTH C03,D;aCT B03MO.>KHOCTH ,D;JIJI pa3JIH"'HLIX OTpacnefl 3JIOynOTpe6IDITb CBOetf BJiaCTidO, tiTO Be,D;eT K HecnpaBe,D;JIHBOCTH H KOppyn:u;HH. A 3TO QOj{Tb }ICe OKa3bmaeT ,D;JIHTeJILJibiA 3cpcpeK.T Ha B033peHWI H npocpeCCHOHaJILHLie HaBLIKH rocy,u;apCTBeHHLIX CJIY.>K~X. 5.9 3a npowe,u;wuff nepHO,D; B npaBHTeJILCTBe npOH30WJIH ,u;sa KpynHLIX CTPYJCTYPHLIX H3MeHeHWC CO~aHHe HOBLIX MHHHCTepCTB BCJie,u; 3a pacna,u;OM CCCP (HanpHMep, MHHHCTepCTBa HHOCTpaHHbiX ,D;CJI B MHHHCTCPCTBa 060pOHL!), a TaK.>Ke P83YKPYDHeHHe MHHHCTepCTB B KOHD;epHLI, 06'be,u;HHeHWI BJIH 2 KOMDaHHH. H XOTJI nepBOHaqaJibHLie H3MeHeH:ml HeH36e.>KHO KaCaJIHCb HaH60Jiee npHOpHTeTHLIX 3a,u;a'I, g/ 0praBH31ll'\lfOBBIUI CTp)'KT)'pa llpaBHTCJibc:TDa Y36CKHCT&.Ba upHBO~CJI B llpHJIO:lKCBHH 1 BBCTO~cro TONL  -57- ua ;a;auuoM 3Tane cne;a;osano 6LI aKTHBHee CKOHQeHTpHpOBaTLCX Ha pa3pa6oTKe o6~eff CTpaTemH pe<t>opMLI H pa3BHTH.sl oprauH3aii;HOHHLIX CTPYKTYP· DPHOPHTEThl HA BY,D.YIUEE: YKPEDJIEHHE CTPYKTYPbl DPABHTEJlbCTBA 5.10 P a 3 p a 6 o T K a II;eJIOCTHOff CTpaTerHH pe<t>opM rocy;a;apCTBeHHOrO CeKTOpa Tpe6yeT ny6JIHlJHOrO o6cy~eHH51 c TeM, tJT06LI MO)KHO 6hiJIO onpe;a;eJIHTb Hai.I;HOHaJILHhle ~eHHOCTH H pa3pa60TaTL Kouu;enu;nro Y36eKHcTaHa OTHOCHTeJILHOpOJIHDpaBHTeJibCTBa B pLmoqao:A 3KOHOMHKe. Be3 TaKHX npe;a;sapHTeJILHhlX MeponpiDITHff He MO)KeT 6LITb pa3pa60TaHa CTPYKTypa rocy,n;apCTBeHHOff CJiy.>K6bi, COOTBeTCTBYIOlii;aX CHCTeMa ynpaBJieHHX, a TaiOKe npHHIJ;HObl 3~<t>eKTHBHOii pa60TLI. 5.11 OpraHH3aiJ;HOHHax CTp}'KTYpa npasHTeJILCTBa ;a;oJDKHa BLITeKaTL H3 ero c):>yHKI(Hff. UeHTpanLHLie "KoMaH;a;LI'v, o6ecne'IHBaromHe no;a;;a;ep.>KKY ,D;eXTeJILHOCTH npe3H,D;eHTa, npeMLep-MHHHCTpa H Ka6nHeTa MHHHCTpOB, HrpaiOT BB.}I{HeHwyro .. ponL B npo:u;ecce npHWITHX peWeHH:A, H HX ,u;esrTeJILHOCTb ,D;OJI.>KHa OTpa.>KaTL npHOpHTeTHbie <I>JHKUHH npaBHTeJILCTBa. 5.12 OcHOBHrul CTPYKTYPa ceMH KpynHe:AWHX "rpynnn BH}'TPH Ka6HHeTa MHHHCTpOB, KOOp;a;HHHPYIOlii;HX pa60TY MOHO~YHKQHOHaJILHhlX MHHHCTepCTB, I~eHTpanLHLIX CJIYJK6 H "B3aHMOCOTpy;a;HH"'ai01II;HX" rocy;a;apCTBeHHbiX KOMHTeTOB, npe;a;CTaBJUieTC.sl 3~~eKTHBHOit O;a;uaKo c¢epLI OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH, OXBatJeHHLie ;a;eHTeJILHOCTLIO CeMH }'Ka3aHHbiX "rpynn", MOryT 6LITb DO,IUJepruyTbl nepecMoTpy C TeM, "'TOOLI pa3,D;eJieHHe DOJIHOMO"'H:A OTpaJKanO  -58- OCHOBHLie npHOpHTeTLI Ha 6y,u;ymee. llocne TaKoro nepecMO'i'pa 0 praHH3aD;HOHHLIC CTPYKTYPLI ,D;OJDKHLI 6LITL ycoaepweucTsosaHHhi, a npou;e;zypLI ynpoiQeHLI. CJie;zyeT nepeCMOTpeTb H 'IHCJIO MHHHCTepCTB H COKpaTHTL ero, 'IT06hi CBeCTH .D;O MHHHM}'Ma ,n;y6JIHpOBaHHe <f>YHKD;Hff. HanpnMep, pa3.n;eJILHOe Cyi.QeCTBOBaHHe MHHHCTepCTB npocseiQeHIDI H cpe,u;uero H BLICWero o6pa30BaHIDI Bpg,u; JIH o6ecne'lHBaeT 3cp<f>eKTHBHYIO pa60Ty, a ,D;eXTeJihHOCTL ~HHHCTepcTBa3,n;pasooxpaaeuuxu ~HHHCTepCTBa Tpy,u;a H cou;uanLHoro o6ecne'leHIUI ,n;oJDKHa 6LITL nepecMOTpeua. 5.13 KaK scl><PeKTHBHOCTL, TaK H pe3yJILTaTHBHOCTL onepaTHBHhlX npoQe,n;yp, DpHHXTLIX npaBHTeJILCTBOM, .D;OJDKHLI 6LITL nepeCMOTpeHLI. ITpaKTHKa ucnoJIL30Bauux OT,IJ;eJihHbiX rpynn CDeD;HaJIHCTOB ,D;JIX npOrH03HpOBaHHX "'HCJieHHOCTH y"'al.QHXCX, He06XO,D;HMOrO KOJIH"'eCTBa yqHTeJieff H WKOJibHbiX 3,D;aHHff npe,I(CTaBIDieT co6oii JIHWh o,u;HII npHMepHeuy~Or0,D;y6JIHpOBaHHX ycunu:A. AHaJIH3 npoeKTa 3aKOHO,D;aTeJibCTBa TaKiKe npe,u;CTaBIDieT co6oA ueuy~oe p;y6JIHpOBaHHe B pa60Te, TOr,D;a KaK He06XO,D;HMOCTL DO,D;rOTOBKH cneu;uan:HcTOB a MHHHCTepCTae IOCTHD;HH DO pa3pa60TKe 3aKOHODpOeKTOB 3acny}KHBaeT KPHTH"'ecKHx 3aMe"'aHH:A. Am~ TOI'O, 'IT06LI TaKOA aHaJIH3 COXpaiDIJI CBOe 3Ha"'eHHe Ha npOT.sDKeHHH ,D;JIHTeJ!hiiOI'O BpeMeHH, OH .JJ-OJDKeH OCYI.QeCTBIDITLCX B PaMKax MHHHCTepCTBa C yqeTOM e,D;HHLIX }'Ka3aHHfl H DO,D;BepraTLCJI DOCTOXHHOA OD;eHKe co cTopoHLI KaHn;eJUipHH npeMLep-MHHHCTpa. 5.14 IIpaaHTeJILCTBO Y36eKHCTaHa CTOHT nepe,u; cnom~oA 3a,u;aqe:A no,u;roTOBKH cnen;HaJIHCTOB u C03,D;aHHJI yqpe:>K,D;eHHA, HMeiO~HX pewaromee 3Ha"'eHHe ,D;JIJ1 OCYIQeCTBJieHWI nporpaMMLI 3KOHOMH"'eCKOA pe<f>OpMLI. XOTH ,D;JIJI 06ecne"'eHHJI D;eJIOCTHOrO DO,D;XO,D;a He06XO,I.U~Ma BCe06'LeMJIIOI.qaJI CTpaTei"WW, HeKOTOpLie HHCTHT}TTLI HMeiOT CTOJIL B~Oe 3Ha"'eHHe, "'TO 6LIJIO 6LI [(eJieC006pa3HO COCpe,D;OTO'IHTL Ha HHX BHHMaHHe. 3TH yqpe}K)J;eHHJI BKJIIO'laiOT!  -59- • Kanu;eru~puu npe3up;eHTa u npeMLep-MHHHCTpa, BKJIIO'llrul Koop,u;ueuposanue ,JJ;IDl Ka6HHeTa MHHHCTPOB • UeuTpanLuLm 6anK • focy,u;apCTBCHHLm KOMIITCT no npHBaTH3all;HH • <l>ynKIJ;HH ~euTpanLnoro ci>uuancosoro u Ka,u;posoro ynpasneHIDI • Pa3BHTHe HaBLIKOB ynpaBJieHIDI H npoci>eccuonanLHWI no,IU"OTOBKa AID£ CTapwux "'HHOBHHKOB rocy,D;apCTBeHHO:A CJIYX6LI focy.QapCTBeHH3JI CJJy)K6a 5.15 no Mepe pa3BHTIDI Y36eKHCTana KaK MnoronapTH:Auoro rocy,u;apCTaa noTpe6yeTcx nposeCTH 6onee tieTKOe pa3rpauuqeuue Me.)K,Dy npoci>eccuonanLHLIM rocy,n;apCTBeHHLIMH CJIYXa~HMH H JIHD;a.MH, 3aHHMaiOIIJ;HMH Bbi60pHLie ,D;OJDKHOCTH, ,u;axe eCJIH BbiCOKHe DOCTbi B ~HHHCTp~HH 3aHHMaiOT JIHIJ;a, npuua,u;nexa:w;ue K TOA unu u:uo:A nonHTHtiecKoff oprauH3aiJ;HH. TaKHM o6pa30M, ueo6xo,n;HMa MO,n;enL rocy,n;apCTBeHHOfi CJI}'X6LI, onpe,u;eiDIIOIIJ;a.SI ee pOJib DO OTHOWeHHIO K npaBHTeJibCTBy. 5.16 Heo6xo,n;HMbi BaJKHLie CTPYKTYPHLie H3MeneHIDI ua scex yposru~x rocy,u;apcTaeuuoff cnyx6LI. B npownoM ynop ,u;enancx ua KOHTpOnL H ,u;upeKTHsuoe pyKOBO,D;CTBO. Ami Toro, 'IT06LI rocy,u;apCTseuuax cnyx6a npHruma s csoeff pa6oTe ynpaBJieutiecKHe npuuu;unLI, uanpaBJieHHLie npeJK,D;e scero ua noBLlllleHue KatiecTBa pa6oTLI, noTpe6yeTcx cosepmeuuo uuoff nowco,n;. rocy,u;apcTseuuru~ cnyx6a ,u;oJIXHa o6na.u;aTL cnoco6noCTLro BLmonueuo cne,DyiO:w;ux <l>YHKinffi: • AHanH3 nOJIHTHKH u KOHCYJILTaiJ;HH ,u;m1 npe3up;euTa H Ka6uueTa MnnuCTpos • <l>nuaucosoe nnauuposanue H ua,u;3op 3a pacxo,u;a.MH • BLmonueuue peweuuff npasHTeJILCTBa H 3aKOHo,u;aTeJILHOro opraua, a TaK>Ke Te~ee ynpaBJieH·He pa60TOff npaBHTeJILCTBa, npH nOCTaHOBKe tieTKHX 3a,u;aq WI.S1 ynpaBJieuqecKHx no,u;pa3,u;eneuuA • Ou;eHKa pa60TLI HCnOJIHHTeJILHOfi BJiaCTH Ha OCHOBe KOHKpeTHLIX DOKa3aTeJieff • llepeCMOTp DOCTaBJieHHbiX ~eneA C yqeTOM pe3yJILTaTOB OD;eHKH 5.17 CTp)'KTYpa rocy,u;apCTseuuoff cnyx6Lr ,u;oJDKHa coOTBeTCTBOBaTL CTPYKTYPe npasHTeJILCTBa. "fpynnLr" s paMKax Ka6nueTa Muu~CTpos, uaxo,D;.K:w;uec11 B KOHTaKTe c Kauu;eru~pueA npe3up;eHTa, ,u;o.n.xarLI HeCTH OCHOBHYIO OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a pa3pa60TKY H OIJ;eHKY nOJIHTHKH. focy,n;apCTBeHHbie KOMHTeTbl MOryT o6ecnequsaTL ocuosuyro auanHTH'lleCKYIO no,u;,u;epJKKy ,JJ;IDI npou;ecca npHIDITH.Sl nonHTHtiecKHx peweuuff, a MHHHCTepcTBa ,D;aiOT KOHCYJILTall;HH nO nOCJie,D;CTBIDIM OC~eCTBJieHIDI KOHKpeTHLIX Mep. MHHHCTepCTBa MO:ryT 3aTeM COCpe,D;OTO"'HTbC51 rJiaBHbiM 06pa30M Ha OC~eCTBJieHHH peweuuff rocy,u;apCTBeHHOfi DOJIHTHKH H MOryT 6LITb nepeCTpOeHLI B HCDOJIHHTeJILHLie no,u;pa3,D;eJieHIDI, KaJK,D;Oe H3 KOTOpbiX 6y,u;eT ,u;efiCTBOBaTL B CTpOrO OtieptieHHLIX paMKax nOJIHTHKH, pecypCOB H OD;eHKH. 5.18 PonL rocy,u;apCTaeuuLIX cnyxa:w;ux B KatieCTBe cnyr o6:w;eCTBennoCTH ,u;oJDKHa 6LITL oco6o BLI,D;eneua, H cne,u;yeT ou;euuaaTL KatieCTBO ycnyr, npe,u;OCTaBJll[eMLIX npasHTeJILCTBOM rpalK,D;aHaM. 5.19 Ami o6ecneqeuu a rocy,u;apcTBeuuo:A cnyx6e npHHu;Hna OT«Sopa no ,u;eJIOBLIM Ka"'eCTBaM R 3acnyr~, npu C06JIIO,D;eHHH BLICOKOro ypOBWI 'lleCTHOro H OTBeTCTBeHHOro OTHOWeHHJ[ X: ,u;eny,  -60- npaBHTCJihCTBO ,D;OJDKHO pa.JpaOOTaTh 0TKpbrryro" CTpaTenUO ynpaBJICHH.SI K~paMH, OXBaThiBaiOIIzyiO HaeM 11 u oToop cneu;BanHcTOB, npo,n;siDKeuue no c.rryxoe, ou;enK}' pa6oThi, no,n;roTOBKY, KoncynLTHPOBaHHe, yBOJihHCHHe, B03HarpaJK,II;eHHe H ,n;pyme 6nara (BKJIIO'Iasi BbmJia'cy DeHCHA) H BbiXO,D; B OTCTaJncy. ,Jl;HCKpHMHHaiJ;IUI B OTHOliiCHHH pa3JIHliHbiX 3THH'ICCKHX rpynn H npeiDITCTBIDI, MCWaiOinHe CJIY)Ke6HOM)' npO,IJ;BH)I{eHHIO JKCHJ.IJ;HH, MOryT 6biTh yCTpaHeHbl nyTeM pa3pa60TKH n;e.TIOCTHOff Ka,D;pOBOff DOJIHTHKH. 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TaKXe •rpe6yroTCJI pblliO'IHLie 3aKOHbr H CTPYKTYPhi, onpe,n;em~romue cpnHaHcoayro ,n;e.s~TeJILHOCTb npe,n;npiDITHff, aonpocLI ynpaBJieHIDl H cpynKIJ;HOHHPOBaHHe phiHKOB KanHTan:a. YnpaaneHHe npe,n;npiDITIDIMH B Y36eKHCTaHe HecKOJILKO H3MeHHJIOCb CO BpeMeHH pacna,n;a COI03a, HO pecpopMbi He npHBeJIH K y.nyqllleHHIO 3KOHOMHtieCKHX DOKa3aTeJieA, DOCKOJILKY H3MeHCHH5l OCHOBbillaJIHCb nopoff Ha JIOXHbiX KOH~eDD;IDIX. fpOM03,IUCrul CTpyxzypa ,II;OTaiUIA OCTaeTCX He3aTpOizyTOff, ynpaBJIXIOI.D;He HCC}'T MHHHMaJihHYIO OTBCTCTBeHHOCTL 3a ,IJ;OJim npe,IUipiUITHSI, a XeCTKHe OIO,Il;)KeTHbie OrpanuqeHIDI 5lBIDIIOTC.si pe,n;KOCTbiO. OrPAHU'liEHH>l DPABOBOro XAPAKTEPA 6.23 XOT5l npaBHTe':~TBO npHIDIJIO MHOm_, 3aKOHbi H peryJIHpyroiD;He MepLI, HanpaBJieHHLie Ha P3.3BHTHe pbniOtiHOff 3KOHOMHKH, 3TH Mepbi He BHeCJIH .siCHOCTH, He }'TO':IHHJIH no,n;po6HOCTH H He CO:maJIH rapMOHHH, He06XO,II;HMbiX ,IJ;Jlj[ ,n;effCTBIDI 'leTKOH CHCTeMLI npaB COOCTBeHHOCTH. 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YliHTLIBa.SI no-npeXHeMY c~ecTayromee 6onLwoe tiHCJIO 3aKOHOB, .SIBHO uanpaBJieHHLIX ua y,u;oBJieTaopenHe HHTepecoa rocy.n;apcTaa, ocTaiOTC.SI cepLe3Hbre COMHeHIDI OTHOCMTeJILHO npe.n;eJIOB npaB C06CTBeHHOCTH, npHtieM 3TH npaaa nOCTO.SIHHO OrpaHHtiHBaiOTC.SI TCMH HJIH HHbiMH YCJIOBIDIMH H Tpe60BaiiH.SIMH CO CTOpOHbi MeCTHbiX BJiaCTeff. fpruK.naHcKHff KO,IJ;eKC TalOKe HY~aeTC.SI B C~eCTBeHHOM nepeCMOTpe. • 3CIKOHbl He n:pu:IHCDOm HepyuD.lMOC111b 'lacT1li«Jil colicrn8eHHocmu WlU ciJo6oi'JHoe ocytllecmfJ.neHUe npa6 co6cm6eHHocmu 'lClCinHhlMll 8.na~. 3m TPH 3aKoHa no CYTH ,nena OTpaxaiOT COIJ;HaJIHCTHtieCKyro TOtiicy 3peHIDI, COrJiaCHO KOTOpOH BCe npaaa 11 C06CTBeHHOCTH npHHa,D;Jie)l(aT, B nepBy-.tO Otiepe,n.b, rocy,n.apCTBY H "pa3,IJ.aiOTC.SI HM no CBOeM)' YCMOTpeHHIO. Muome llOJIO)I(eHIDI OTJIHtiaiOTC.SI He.HCHOCTLIO H He OTBetiaiOT peaJILHLIM llOTpe6HOCT.SIM. 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TaK, uanpHMep, o6x3aTeJILHbie OTtJHc.rreHIDI B ctJeT COD;HaJihHOfO 06ecne'IeHH.si COCTaBJI.siiOT 37 npou;eHTOB OT cPOH,D;a 3apa60THOff DJiaThi. CTaBKH HaJIOfOB Ha npH6LIJib npe,n;npH.siTHff COCTaBJUIIOT OT 15 ,D;O 35 npon;eHTOB. KpOMe TOfO, B liHBape 1993 r. 6biJI BBe.u;eH aMOpTH3aiJ;HOHHbiH HaJIOr B pa3Mepe 30 npou;eHTOB H HaJIOr B pa3Mepe 6 npou;eHTOB Ha 3HeprOHOCHTeJIH, noTpe6JU£eMLie npOMhWineHHhiMH npe,n;npiDITH.siMH. B mone 1993 r. 6hm aae,n;eu HaJTOr a pa3Mepe 35 npO~eHTOB Ha DOCzynJieHH.si B TBep,n;OH BaJIIOTe. B HIOJie 1992 r. TaiOKe 6hiJIH BBe,II;eHhi c60phi, B3HMaeMLie npH perncTpan;HH 'IaCTHhiX npe,n;npH.siTHff.  -73- 6.35 ,Qocryax E< zr.pe.ni'r!f'aJw. Honhre MaJihW H cpe,n;nne npe.n;nprurrnn, Henocpe)l;CTBeHHO He CB.si3a.HHhie c 6onhll1HMR o6'be,n;mieHH5IMH, HMeiDT orpanirciemihrH ,n;ocTyn K Kpe,n;MTaM. 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O,n;aaKo BBH,Izy pa,IJ;¥.KaJibHOro xaprucrepa Tpe6yeMbiX nepeMeH Te npOOJICMbi, KOTOpbie eTOHT nepe,n; npaB:HTCJihCTBOM B IIJiaHe nepexo,n;a OT KOMaH,II;HOH K pbiHOl:IHOR ¢HHaaeoso8 eHeTeMe, noTpe6yroT orpoMHbiX ycmrnff. B aaeTO.SIUJ,ee apeM.SI Y36eK.HeTaH paenonaraeT oqeHb HeMHOI"HMH <flHHaHeOBbiMH yt~pe)K,Il;eHIDrMH, pbiHKaMH H ,II,pyrnMH MeXaHH3MaMH, KOTOPbie xapaKTepHbi ,II;JUI pbiHOl:IHOH ¢Haaaeoaof! eneTeMbi. KpoMe Toro, KaK n s ,n;pyrnx pecny6nHKax Obrnrnero CCCP, pe¢opMnpoaaaHe ¢nnaaeoaoro eeKTopa ,u;oiDKHo npoxo,II,HTh a Tpyp;HhiX H aeorrpe.n.eneHHbiX MaKpOSKOHOMHl:leeKHX yeJIOBIDrX. TioeKOJibKY HOMHHaJibHbie npou;eHTHhie eTaBICU He HH,II;eKeHpyroTeX C TeM, l:ITOObi OTpa)KaTb ypOBeHb HH¢JUIIJ,HH, BJia,II,eHHe ¢HHaHeOBbiMH peeypeaMH eTaHOBHTe.SI: Bee MeHee npnsneKaTeJILHbiM. Ha¢rurr:r,rur ObieTpo eoKpaUJ,aeT pa3Mepbr qnmaaeosoli eHeTeMhi: cpHHa.HeOBoie pecypebi ':7> py6neBOM Bhipa)KeHHH coKpaTnnHeh e 23 npor:r,eHTOB BBTI s MapTe 1992 r . .n.o 19 npon;eHTOB B MapTe 1993 r. B eBOHX IIOHeKaX paiJ,HOHaJibHbiX KpHTepHeB npH6biJibHOeTH npH npe,n;OeTaBJieHHH Kpe,D;HTOB <flHHaHeOBble yt~pe)K,Il;eHIDlOY.cyT HMCTh ,u;eJIO C npe,n.npHHHMaTeJihCKHM eeKTOpOM, KOTOpum Me,tJ;JieHHO npOXO~T CJIO)K}{biH nepno,n. CTPYKTYPHOfi nepeeTpo:HKH. TipaBHTeJihCTBO OKa3biBaeT cephe3HOe ,n.aBJieHHe na ¢HHaHCOBbre yqpe)K)l;eHIDI e TeM, l:ITOObi 3aeTaBHTb HX npO,II;OIDKaTh Bbi,IJ;eJieHHe cpe,n;eTB y6oiTOl:IHbiM npe,n.np:USITH.KM C IJ,eJibiO IIO,II,,J;epJKHBaHIDl HX ,II,e.SITeJibHOCTH B nepeXO,II,Hblli nepHO)I;. TipH STOM BCJIHKa OnaeHOeTh IIO,D;phiBa nnaTexecnoco6HocTH 6aHKOB H ot5UJ,ero pa3BaJia ¢HHaaeoao:H cneTeMhi. A. YCJIOBMSI TIPOBE,[{EHI1.SI OTPACJIEBO:A PE<POPMbl «<lHHAHCOBAH CHCTEMA BhiBUIEA: QEHTP AJIH30BAHHOA: fiJIAHOBOit 3KOHOMllKH 7.2 MacwTa6Lr pe¢opMLI n npeo6pa3oBaHHH, Heooxo,n.HMhiX B ¢HHaHeoaoM ceKTope Y36eKHCTaHa, MOJKHO OD;eHHTb Ha OeHOBe COeTO.SIHIDI STOrO eeKTOpa HaKaHYHe He3aBHeHMOCTH. B yenOBIDiX D;eHTpaJIH30BaHHOH nJiaHOBOH CHCTeMLI, Cyi.D;eCTBOBaBIIIeH ,ll,O 1988 r., qmHaHCOBrul CTpaTerru£ pa3pa6aTLIBaJiacL a MocKBe, a peeypcor MOOHJIH30Banneh n pacnpe,n.eJUrJIHCL B n;eHTpaJIH30BaHHOM nop.K,II,Ke. <I>HHaHCOBhm ceKTop Y36eKHeTa.Ha BKnroqan a ce6.s~ pernoHaJihHbie oT,n;eneHIDI paenono)KeHHhiX a MocKBe COBeTCKHX 6aHKOB, BKJIIOl:la& roc6aHK (UeHTpaJihHbm oaHK), C6eperaTeJibHbiH oaHK (C6ep6aHK), BanK cTpOHTeJILHoA npOMhilliJieHHOCTH (IlpoMeTpoii6aHK), CeJihCKOX03HMeTBeHHolli 6aHK (ArponpoM6aHK) H naHK BHeWHeH TOprOBJIH (BHelliTOproaHK). 7.3 TIOCTyiiJieHH.SI OT HaJIOrOOOJIO)KeHIUI H <fl:HHaHCOBhie peeypChl HanpaBJI.SIJIHCL H3 Y 30eKHCTaHa B MocKBy, r.n.e OHH o6'Le,II,HH.SinHcb B e,n.nHoe u;enoe c pecypcaMH, noczynaBWHMH H3 ,n.pymx pecny6nHK. qaCTb STHX cPHHaHCOBLIX pecypeOB B03Bparr(aJiaCb B Y36eirneTaH B nepByiO oqepe..n;L tJepe3 peeny6JIHKaHCKOe OT,D;eJieHHe foc6aHKa. focy,n.apCTBeHHLie ¢HHaHeOBLie peeypCbi, Bhi,II,e.lUIBWHe:C.sl H3 IJ;eHTpaJILHOro OIO,IOKeTa pecny6JIHKaHCKOM}·, HanpaBIDIJIHCL Henocpe.II,CTBeHHO r<lcy.n;apCTBeHHLIM npe,rr,npiDITHSIM BeeR pecny6JIHKH. 7.4 PernOHaJibHOe OT,tJ;eJieHHe roeoaHKa B Y36eKHCTaHe .HCflOJib30BaJIO no.rryqaeMbie H3 esoero rOJIOBHOro OT.II,eJieHID£ B MOCKBe pecypC.bi (a TaJOKe lJaCTb cpe,II,CTB npe,n;npiDITIDr) ,ll;JUI npe,n.OeTaBJieHH.sl Kpe,II,HTOB npe,J:01piDITIDlM. B TO BpeMH KaK KpynHeHWHe KallHTaJIOBJIOJKeHIDI ¢HHaHeHpOBaJIHCb npe~e BCerO 3a Cl:leT :u;eHTpaJibHOro H pecny6JIHKaHeKoro OIO,Il,)KeTOB, Kpe,n.HTbi roe6aHKa rrpe,n.ocTaBIDIJIHeb npe,n.npiDlTIDlM, KOTOpLie HYXC)l;aJIHCb B OOOpOTHOM KaiiHTan:e Ha KOPOTKHe CpOKH. BHeWTOproaHK Y30eKHCTaHa H OTpacJieBLie oaHKH TaiOKe npe.II,OCTaBJI.SIJIH npep;npH.SITH.SIM Kpe,tJ;HTbl IIO,ll; HHBeCTHII;HOHHble npoeKThi (,II,OJirocpO'lHLie Kpe,II,HTbl) H TOprOBbie OnepaiJ;HH.  -88- 7.5 B u;enoM 6auKH urpanu naeeHBJIYIO po.JIL B npo:u;eeee nocpe,IUIHlJec-rsa. HanpuMep, OBB ue npOBO,IUIJIH aHa.JIH3 <JlHHaHeOBOro eOCTODIDI eBOHX KJIHeHTOB, o()p~aiOIIUIXeX 3a Kpe,JUITOM, 'ITO B o6x3aTeJILHOM nopJ~AKe ,u;enaeTex 6auKaMH B yenosuxx pbiH01fliOA 3KOHOMHKH. 06'heM H cxeMLI npe,D;OCTaBJieHHX Kpe,u;HTOB AHKTOBaJIHeL npe~e Bcero npo:u;eeCOM :u;eHTpaJIH30BaHHOro DJiaBHpOBaHIDI He3aBHeHMO OT DJiaTe.>KeenOe06HOCTH HJIH 3cp4>eKTHBHOCTH Kpe,IUIT}'eMOro npe,u;npHXTHX. 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IIOCKOJILKY KOHicypeHTHLm PLWOK 6aHKOBCKHX ycnyr DOJIYl.JHT pa3BHTHO JIHWL CO BpeMeHeM, ,D;OJDKHLI 6LITL C03,D;aHLI ,u;pyme cpHHaHCOBLie yqpeJK.,D;eHIDI (pLmKH) ~ nepeXO,D;HOI'O nepuo,u;a, B l.JaCTuocTu, 6anK Pa3BHTWI, KOTOpLm Mor 6LI o6ecnequaaTL cpuuaucupoaauue B YKa3aHHLm nepHO~. XOTX C03,D;a.HHe XOpOWO pa3BHTOrO cpOH,IJ;OBOI'O PLlliKa DOTpe6yeT BpeMeHH, TeXHHl.JeCKaJI DOMOUU. MO}KeT 3aJIO.>KHTL OCHOBy ,D;JIX He06XO,D;HMOfl npaBOBOfl H perynupyro~efl CHCTeMLI. Pa60Ta B STHX HanpaBJieHWIX MOJKeT Hal.JaTLCJI He3aMe,D;JIHTeJILHO H 3aBepWHTC.51 B Tel.JeHHe WeCTH MeCJI~eB (HO MOJICeT 3aHJITL ,u;o o,u;uoro ro,u;a).  rJIABA 8 CHCTEMA COUHAJibHOA: 3AIUHTbl 8.1 Y36eKHcTaH jiBIDleTcjl o.n;uofl H3 6e.n;uefiwnx cTpau 6Lmwero CCCP. BcJie,n;CTane cna.n;a SKOHOMH'IeCKOfl' ,IJ;e}ITeJILHOCTH H npeKpaw;eHIDI ,IJ;OTaiJ;Hfl H3 UeHTpa, peaJILHLW ypoaeHL SKOHOMH'IeCKHX pecypCOB ,IJ;Jljl COUHaJILHOfl 3au.J;HTbl COKpaTHJICjl B 1992 r. H, KaK OXH,IJ;aeTC}I, 6y,n;eT npO,D;OIDKaTL coKpaw;aTLCjl u a 6niDKaflweM 6y.n..yw;eM. Bonee Toro, pa,u;HKaJILHLie yae.rrH'IeHHjl u;eH a 1992-1993 rr. 0Ka3aJIH HenpODOPUHOHaJILHOe BJIH.SIHHe Ha 6e,IJ;HLie CJIOH HaCeJieHH}I, DpH'IeM B cnyqae npHHj{TIDI npaBHTeJILCTBOM peweHHjl 0 nepexo,n;e K pbiHOtiHOfl SKOHOMHKe HeKOTOpbie rpynnLI HaCeJieHHjl, DO BCe:A aepoj{THOCTH, OKaJKYTCjl a cocTO}IHHH ew;e 6onLweu 6e.n;uocTH a nepexo.n;HLm nepHo,IJ;. B Ta.Irnx OOCTO}ITeJILCTBax, HeCMOTpji Ha COKpatneHHe OOUJ;HX pecypCOB, HeOOXO,IJ;HMO Bbipa60TaTL DOJIHTHKY COUHaJibHOU 3alll;HTbi, tiTOObl HaCeJieHHe He OKa3aJIOCh HIDKe KOHKpeTHOI"O MHHHMaJILHOI"O ypOBHjl JKH3HH, TO eCTL 3a qepTOfl Oe,IJ;HOCTH. TpH ¢rucropa OKaJKYT BJIHjiHHe Ha ypOBeHb .>KH3HH: JIH6epaJIH3au;Hjl u;eH, Clla,IJ; npOH~lBO,IJ;CTBa H poeT 6e3pa60THIJ;bi. Jln6epaJIH3alJ;Hjl KOHTpOJIHpyeMLIX n;eH Ha TOBapbl DOTpe6JieHrul, OCOOeHHO npO,IJ;OBOJILCTBHe, MOJKeT npHBeCTH K COKpaw;eHHIO peaJILHbiX ,IJ;OXO,IJ;OB DOTpe6HTeJieff, HO B TO JKe CaMOe BpeM.51 DOBLICHTL ,IJ;OXO,IJ;bl npOH3BO,II;HTeJieU CeJILCKOX03}1UCTBeHHOU npO,IzyKIJ;HH; CJie,IJ;OBaTeJILHO, MOJKHO OJKH,IJ;aTL OTHOCHTeJILHOI'O COKpaw;eHHjl ,IJ;OXO,IJ;OB rOpO,IJ;CKOrO HaCeJieHHjl. KpoMe TOro, OJKH,IJ;aeTC}I, liTO H3MeHHTCj1 CTPYKTYPa npoH3BO,IJ;CTBa H 3aHj{TOCTH, 'ITO npuse,IJ;eT K cl>PHKUHOHHOU 6e3pa6oTnu;e, u6o DOTpe6yeTCX HOBLW ypOBeHL npo¢eCCHOHaJILHbiX HaBbiKOB H Oy,IJ;eT npOHCXO,IUITL "BLITeCHeHHe" pa60'Ie:A CHJILI; OOJiee TOro, KOI",IJ;a 6y,IJ;eT BBe,IJ;eHa pblliO'i"H~ SKOHOMHKa, HaceJieHHe CTOJIKHeTC.sl C HOBbiMH ODaCHOCT,S[MH, KOTOpble fiOTpeoyroT H3MeHeHHjl CYlll~eCTByrow;efl CHCTeMbl COUHaJILHOI"O CTpaxOBaHIDI H nporpaMM cou;uanLEJro o6ecne'lleHIDl. 8.2 IJpaBHTeJILCTBO npH3HaeT HeOOXO,IJ;HMOCTb o6ecne'IeHHjl COIJ;HaJibHOfl 3~HTLI, COOTBeTCTBYJOI..Ue:A MaCWTa6aM STHX HOBbiX np06JieM. 11 BCe JKe npaBHTeJILCTBO TaKJKe CTOJIKHeTC.sl C pji,IJ;OM cepLe3llbiX npo6neM, KOTOPLie ocnO:>KIDIT nepexo,IJ; K pLIHOtiHoii 3KOHOMHKe. Y36eKHcTaH yuacne.nosan OT 6bmwero CCCP OOWHPHYJO CHCTeMY COIJ;HaJILHOU 3aiD;HTbi, O,IJ;HaKO npH STOff CHCTeMe pecypCbl HCil[0JIL30BaJIHCL HeScpcPeKTHBHO H o6w;ee ynpaaJieHHe STOff CHCTeMOfl 6LIJIO ,D;eJIOM ,noporOCTO}Illl;HM. CHCTeMa TaiOKe DJIOXO COOTBeTCTByeT TeM ODaCHOCT}IM, KOTOPLie B03HHKHYT B pbiHO'IHOA 3KOHOMHKe. C'() BpeMeHI.f o6peTeHHjl He3aBHCHMOCTH B.llaCTH BHeCJIH H3BeCTHLie KOppeKTHBLI B CHCTeM}' COUHaJILHO(I 3aUJ;HTbl, O,IJ;HaKO 3TH KoppeKTHBLI He acer,n;a 6LIJIH uanpaaneHLI na nOBhiWeuue noTeuu;nanLuou s<Pcl>eKTHBHOCTH cncTeMLI. Bonee TOI"O, DOCJie,IJ;HHe TeH,IJ;eH[(IUi B SKOHOMHKe npHBeJIH K COKpaw;eHHIO OO'beMa HMeiOUJ;HXC}I pecypCOB H, TaKHM o6pa30M, He6naronpHj1THO DOBJIIDIJIH Ha cpe,IJ;HHU ypoBeHb JKH3HH. )l.aJihHeAWHe cymeCTBeHHLie H3MeHeHHjl -- a TaiOKe Tpy,IJ;Hble peweHHjl -- HeOOXO,IJ;HMbl ,IJ;Jlll TOI"O, tiTOOLI 3aTpaTbl Ha ooecne'IeHHe CO[(HaJILHOH 3a~HTLI 6LIJIH a npe.nenax B03MO)KHOCTeu uoaoro rocy.napcTaa. A.CTPYKTYPHAREEAHOCTb 8.3 AHann3 6e;a;noCTH a Y36eKHCTaue K Koney coneTcKoro nepHo.na Tpe6yeT paccMOTpeuHjl sonpoca 0 TOM, }IBJllleTC.fl JIH 06~eCOI03HU 'lepTa Oe,IJ;HOCTH (HJIH DOTpe6HTeJibCK3jl KOp3HHa, COCTaBJijiBW~ OCHOBY STOrO DOHj{THji) DO;!:OCO,IJ;jllll;HM KPHTepHeM ,Jl;Jljl Y36eKHCTaHa -- HHLIMH CJIOBaMH, KaK STa qepTa 6e,IJ;HOCTH COOTHOCHJiaCL(H COOTHOCHTC.SI ce:Aqac) C MHHHMaJibHbiM HeOOXO,IJ;HMbiM Ha6opOM DOTpe6IITeJibCKOU KOP3HHbL KpoMe Toro, ua KaKoM 6LI ypoaue ne 6Lma npose.u;eua sTa 'lepTa 6e,IUIOCTH, 3a neA, sepo.siTHO, OKaJKeTc.fl 3Ha'IHTeJILHoe qucno 6e,IJ;HhiX .neTen u ,IJ;pymx rpynn naceneHHjl (uanpnMep, nencuouepoa). llo3TOMY ynop a 6opL6e c 6e.nnocTLIO cne.nyeT c,n;enaTb ua TOM, KaK pewaTb npo6neM}' 6e.ncTneuuoro nono.)KelfHjl 3THX CJIOeB. ,QABJJEHHE ,[tEMOf'P Aci»M'IECKHX 4»AKTOPOB 8.4 ,Jl;eMorpacpuqecKHe xapaKTepHCTHKH Y36eKHCTaHa BJIIDIIOT na nposo.nnMYIO nOJIHTHKY COD;HaJILHOU 3aUJ;HTbl H 6y,IzyT OKa3LmaTb STO BJIH}IHHe H B 6y,IJ;YIUeM. Cyw;eCTByeT 3HatiHTeJibH~ CB}I3b Me)K,Izy  - 104- cpe,IUie,JzyWeBLIM AOXO,D;OM H Pa3MepOM CeMLH HJIH, BblpaJKWlCb 60Jiee TO'IHO, 'IHCJIOM ,D;eTe:A B ceMLe. :Sonhllioe 'IHCJIO IDK,D;HBean;ea B ceMLe B Y36eKHCTaHe 03Ha'laeT, 'ITO 3Ha'IHTeJILaoe 'IHCJIO ,u;eTe:A JERBeT B YCJIOBWIX 6e,o;HOCTH, 'ITO npe,o;cTaBrureT co6o:A npo6JieM}', KOTOPYIO npe,n;CTOHT pewaTL B paMKax 6op!J6y C 6e,IJ;HOCTLIO. BLICTPLIA poCT aapo,u;ouaceneHWI 03Ha'laeT TaJOKe H CTpeMHTeJILHLIA poCT pa6o11e:A CHJILL B 1991 r. 'IHCJieHHOCTL pa60'IeA CHJILI COCTaBIDIJia 8,3 MJIH 'leJIOBeK. Be3 C03,IJ;aHWI 60JILWOI"O 'IHCJia pa601DIX MeeT B03HHKaeT BepO.SITHOCTh pOCTa 6e3pa60THULI, OC06eHHO cpe,u;e MOJIO,D;e.xcH, 'ITO MOJKeT CTaTJ. ~eHTpaJILHOfl np06JieMO:A UOJIHTHKH B ccJ>epe pbmKa pa60'Ie:A CHJibl. HexBaTKa 3eMeJILHLIX f'I8CTKOB B BO,u;LI DO MHOmX CeJibCKHX paAouax 03Ha'laeT, 'ITO 3Ha'IHTeJILHasl ,D;Orur HOBLIX pa60'IHX MeeT ()y,u;eT C03AaBaTLCJI He B ceJILCKOX03.slACTBeHHOM CeKTOpe, a CKOpee DOTpe()yeT YCKOpeHHOro pOCTa 06pa6aTLIBaiO~el DpOMLDDJieHHOCTH H CeKTOpa ycnyr. llapa.TIJieJILHO C TaKHM pOCTOM ()y,o;eT yaeJIH'IHBaTLC.H B Mnrp~ HaCeJieHWI H3 CeJibCKHX B ropO,D;CKHe paffOHbl, 'ITO, B CBOIO O'lepe,D;L, DOTpe6yeT 3H8'111TeJILBLJX KaDHTa.JIOBJIOJKeHHA B ropO,IJ;CK}'IO HH<PpacTpYKTfpy, CTPOHTeJILCTBO HOBOro .>KHJILSI, Mara3HHOB H WKOJI. 8.5 E.>KerO,IJ;Ha.H pO.>K,D;aeMOCTb B Y36eKHCTaHe BLICOKa: OHa COCTaBrureT npHMepHO 3,5 npon;eHTa, a ro,u;osoA npupocT uapo,u;ouaceneum~ cocTaBJI51eT np~Mepao 2,8 npou;enTa, TO eCTL npHMepuo 'lepe3 25 JieT HaCeJieHHe CTpaHLI YABOH'I'C51. ,I(eTCKasl CMepTHOCTh TaiOKe BLICOKa -- 37,7 pe6eHKa Ha 1000 .>KHBOpO.>K,IJ;eHHLIX He ,D;O.>KHJIH ,D;O O,D;HOrO ro,u;a B 1989 r. BLICOKHe TeMDbl pO.>K,J'(aeMOCTH roBOpJIT 0 60JllaUIOM pa3Mepe ceMLH -- B cpe.u;ueM 5,12 qenoseKa. B ropo,u;cKHx paAouax :3Ta ~:ocJ>pa cOCTaBmleT 4,56, a B CeJibCKHX -- 6,1. B cpe,D;HeM B Ka.>K,D;OA CeMLe pa~OTaiOT JIHWb 2,2-2,4 'leJIOBeKa; OCTaJILHLie -- neHCHOBepLt, .o;eTH HJIH B3POCJILie-H.>K,IJ;Hseuu;LI. no ,u;aunbiM nocne,u;uea nepenucn, npnMepno 51 npon;eHT naceneiiHJI MOJIO.>Ke 19 neT. 6 npou;euToB uaceneniDI cTapwe 60 neT, TO ecTL CTapme B03paCTa BLIXO,u;a na neacmo. B BC'3paCTe OT 20 ,u;o 59 JieT JIHWL 43 npon;eHTa uaceneuH.H. T~8.1 PacupcxCDcmic ~oxo~oa 1989-l~.liT. <• upO~CB'l'U) .~ MaJiooCSec- CeMhH co CocroJI- :- OCSznec t( ~ De'leHHbJe cpe~HM TCJihHLIC . 'IHCJIO CCMbH AOXOAOM CCMbH CCMCA ~OJIJI OT H8CCJICHHJI (1989) 44 23 33 100 ~OJIJI B AOXO,~ax (1989) 29 22 49 100 ~OJIJI B 38pDJiaTe (1989) Z1 22 so 100 ~OXOA B 1992 r. (MJIPA pyCS.) 54 40 90 184 HCTO'IHHKH: C-rpoKa 1: HapoAHoc xo3JIAcrao CCCP a 1989 ro,IJY. IPHBaHCY H craTHcrmca. Moc:KBa. 1990. c.91; CTpOKa 2: BhiBCACHa H3 ~OJIH B oCSzncA cyMMC patXOAOBo H.4P.BCJioaa H H.H.~MHTPH'ICB. CCMCDhiA' tiJO,IJ;)KCTo ~aHCl.l H CT8THCTHICRo MocKBa. 1990. c.68; CTpOKa 3: OTHOCHTCJI It CCMLJIM rOC}'ABPC'l'BCHHhiX CJ!)'JKBD.UfX; ABHHLIC B3JITLI H3 "Cocru CCMLHo AOXO~ M ~JIHIItBLIC yCJJOBHJI CCMCA pa«SO'IHXo CJIY)K8JnHX H KOJIX03HHKOB"o fOCKOMCTIT0 HHtOPMIUUIOHHO-H3A8TCJlhCKH'A U.CHTPo MocKBa. 1990. c.206; CTpOKa 4: OU.CBICH B& OCHOBIUIHH paCXOAOB 38 DCpBOC DOJI)TO,Il.HC 1992 r. H 38 &Bryer; ABHHYC fOCKOMIIPOI'H03CT8T8 Y36CKHCTaH&. BCAHLIMH C'IHTaJOTCJI C:CMbH CO CPCA&e,IJYDICBLJM AOXOAOM MCBCC 75 pyCS. 8 MCCJIIJ,t CCMitH CO c:pCA~JHM AOXOAOM - npH AOXOAC OT 75 AO 100 pyCS. D MCC.IIIJ,: CCMLH CO CPCAHc,u;yDICIILIM AOXOAOM BLIWC 3TOI'O ypOBHJ( C'IHT8JOTCJI COCTOJITCJihBLIMlf.  - 105- 8.6 no ,TlaHHhiM Bbr6opoquoro o6cnenoBaHIDI 1989 r., cpe.u;ne,JzyUJeaoa o6w;:ua noxon a Y36eKHCTaue coCTaBIDIJI 91 py6. s Mecgu; ua qenoaeKa. focynapCTBeHHbie cJryxamHe a cpe.u;ueM 3apa6aTLma.nu 99 py6. B MeC.SUI;. a KOJIX03HHKH -- JIHWb 73 py6 1 . B 1988 r. 6biJIH DOJIYlleHbi ,IlaHHbie 0 TOM, liTO B cpe,IUieM ~ ceMLH a CCCP Tpe6yeTe51 )zy11Ieaoa noxon a 78 py6. a Mec.Siu;, tiT06br .noCTH'lh MHHHMaJILHoro ypoaWI JKH3HH; TaKHM o6pa30M, u;H¢pa a 75 py6. a Mec.sm; 6bma :~p:ururra a Ka'leCTae nonyo<t>HUHaJILHOfi 'lepnr 6e.ttHOCTH. no nauabiM o6cne.noaaurur1989 r., npuMepuo 44 npoueHTa uaceneuH.SI Y36eKHCTaua HMeJIH cpe,IUie.JJYUieaoa .noxon a 75 py6. uno Meuee a Mee.s~u; H3 sToro "UUcna 16 npoueHTOB :>KHJIH ua 50 unu Meuee py6nefi a Mecxu (eM. Ta6nuuy 8.1). Ta.IOKHKHCTaH 6biJI e.ItHHCTBenuof:l peeny6nHKOfi a 6biBWeM CCCP, r.ne 6e.u;noCTL 6~:~ma eu~e 6onee 3Ha'lHTenLnofi. B. TEHAEHUHH TIOCJIE,llHEro BPEMEHH PhiHOK PABO"'ER CHJihl H 3AHHTOCTb 8. 7 B Y 36eKHCTaHe Ha'laJIOCb B03HHKHOBeHHe pbiHKa pa6oqeil CHJibi, paBHO KaK H HHCTifTYTOB, He06XOJlHMhiX JliDI o6eene'leHIDI3¢cpeKTHBHOro cpyuK.IlHOHHpOBaHHSI3TOro pbmKa. llo-npeEieM}', O,JUiaKO, CTpyrrypa 3aiDITOCTH OTpaJKaeT COBeTCKOe BaCJie,IUfe B BH.ne 3HatiH'l'eJibHOf:l .D;OJIH rocy,u;apCTBeHHLIX CJiyJKai.UHX ( COeTaBJUIBWeff B 1990 r. IIpHMepHO 80 DPOUeHTOB); BbiCOKOH CTeDeHH yqaCTIDI, OC06eHHO :>KeHWUH; OTHOCHTeJibHO ena60pa3BHTOro CeKTOpa ycnyr; H CHCTeMbi npOIIHCKH, C,Ilep}KHBaiOllleA M06HJibHOCTb pa6oqefl CHJibi (PHe. 8.1). 3KOHOMHKa HOCHT B 3Ha'lHTeJibHOH Mepe arpapHbiB XapaKTep -- npHMepHO 40 npoueHToa acefi 3aH.SITOCTH B 1990 r. npuxommocL ua cenLCKOe X0351fiCTao. B 1990 r. npnMepuo 15 IIPOUeHTOB pa6oqefi CHJibi 6biJIO 3aiDITO B npuyca.u;e6HbiX X03.!iiHCTBax, a 5 npoueHTOB -- B DpOH3BO,tJ;CTBeBBbiX H DOTpe6HTeJibCKHX KOODepaTHBax (Puc. 8.2 H 8.3). 0JKH,JlaeTC51, 'ITO 3aiDITOCTb B 'laCTHOM CeKTOpe, KaK Hli,IUIBH,Jzyan:hHU, TaK H Ha ypOBHe npe.u;np~. HCDLITaeT CTpeMHTeJILHbiB pOCT, XOTJI H ODHP2JICb DPB 3TOM Ha Be60JILUiyiO 6a3y. llepBLie DpH3BaKII TaKOro P83BBTHJI }'JKe DOJIBHJIHCb B DOCJie.u;BHe MeCSlt(LI; 60JILWOe 11HCJIO MemcHX npe.u;npiiJl'ri!A pa6oTaeT B D11ecTBe XOODepaTBBOB B DpOH3BOABT DOTpe6HTeJILCKHe TOB8PLI, uanpHMep. o.u;eJK,Dy. DEPCnEKnfBbl COKPAIUEHHR 3AHRTOCTif 8.8 HeeMoTp51 ua 3Ha'IHTeJILBLIH cna.u; ~· npOH3BO.tJ;CTBa nocne 1991 r., Mepbr, npHHJITble c uenLIO Pwc:. 8.1: ~a 3UiftOCIW • 1991 r. a.D;anTaiJ;HH K HOBOMY xapaKTepy 3aHJITOCTH, 6LIJIH (HcroliiiB: TOCUMDpOI"'IIC') He3HatiHTeJibHbiMH. Bee BHOCHBWHeCJI KOppeKTHBbi KacanucL nuwL ~euoaoro acneKTa phDIKa pa6oqefi CHJibi, u6o peanLHu 3apa6oTHu nnaTa c 1990 r. coKpaTHnach npuMepuo ua 70. npoueBTos. TaKHM o6pa30M, ocpuu:nanLHa51 6e3pa6omua a Y36eKBCTaHe, KaK H a .u;pymx pecny6nHKax 6bmwero CCCP ua ,llaHHOM 3Tane, OCTaeTC51 Ha HH3KOM ypOBHe -- olhers • 4:r. B03MOJKHO ropa3.IJ;O HHJKe 2 DPOUeHTOB, -- HO OHa, DO BCeH Bep051THOCTH, 3Ha'lHTeJibHO yBeJIH'liiTC51, KOr,lla !?~ HaCTYfiHT CTa6HJIH3aUIDI H 6y.u;yr npoae,neHbi collective ffl:nner:~ 14~ CTPYKTYPHbre pecpopMbi. B .u;eKa6pe 1992 r. npuMepuo 10 Tbre. qenoaeK nonyqanH noco6IDI no 6e3pa6oTHue • KoonepaTHBbl H JIHI.J.a, 3aBHMaJOmuecJI (0,1 npou;euTa pa6oqefi CHJibi) H a Hrone 1993 r. - HB.IUIBH,lzyllJJbBOH TpYllOBOH .llCJITCJibBOC'IDIO OKOJIO 16 TbiC. 'leJIOBeK. !/ DOJICC BHJKHC ,llOXOllbl 6biJIH JIHIIIb,B T8,ICKHXHCTilBC. ,I\Jul CpllE!':ICBIUI, CPC.ItBC,JzyD.ICBOH ,IlOXO.Il B PoccHH COCT8.BJIJIJI 179 py6nefl; no CCCP B I.J.CJIOM IJ.H!I>pa 6b1Jla 159 py6JJeif.  - 106- 8. 9 HLmewH.SUI CTPYKTYPa pLmKa pa6oqeff PRe:. 8.2: 3aBnoc:'n. DO arpac.UM (1990 r.) eHJILI B Y36eK.HCTaHe OK3.3LmaeT .H3BeCTHoe BJIIDIHHe Ha 3BOJIIOUHIO 3awiTOCTH u 6e3pa6oTHULI a yeJXOBWIX HOBOff, pLlliO"'HOH 3KOHOMHKe (eM. Bpe3KY 8.1). Bo-nepaLIX, OJKH.IlaeTcR 3Ha"tJHTeJILHLIH poeT 6e3pa60T.HULI. XOT.K DOHCKOM HOBLIX pa60"tJ.HX MeeT B "laCTHOM eeKTope ,IlO 1992 r. 6LIJIH 3alUITLI JIHIJ;a, Acricuhuro HMCIOUUfe pa()ozy, TaKall KapTHHa BPXJl JIH COXpaHHTeJI. 38 ITepeCTpoAKa npe~pHliTHA .u ux np.usaTH3aU.HR B3MeBliT pacnpe.u;eneBHe ij>npM no ux MaeWTa6a.M, liTO DpHBe.lleT K eOKpallleHHIO B03MO.JKHOCTeH 3aHXTOCTH B llaCTHOM eeKTope. Ta.Ka.K ¢PHKUBOHHa.K 6e3pa6oTHIJ;a 6y.n;eT yeHJIHBaTLCJl DO Mepe TOro, ICaK 'DieJIO ICOHTpaKTOB B o6pa6aThiiWOI.QeA npOMLIUIJieBHOCTH H Hcro'IHHK: Hapo.!lBoe XOJKHCTBO YJ6eKCKOH CCP eeKTope ycnyr 6y.u;eT yseJIHliHBaTLCSl. Bonee Toro, npo.noJDKaeT cym;eCTsoaaTL xapaKTepuax AJI.K ceJILCKHX paflouos "laCT.H"'HaH 3awiTOCTL2 • EcnH STY "sn.u;eMH"leeJcyiO" 3aiDITOCTbHey,IlaCTeliJIHKBH,IUIPOBaTb, oua nuwh eme 6onee yeHJI.HT o~ymeuue OT'zy)K,IleHHOCTU, uepeJtKo na6nronaeMoe cpeJUi PRe:. 8.3: 3aanoc:n. • c:cJII.«OK xo3.DC"111C (1990 r.) eeJILCKOro uaceneum~. 8.1 o llpoueHT yqaCT.H.K .xceumuu s pa6oqeff eHJie SI.BJllleTC.SI BLieOK.HM no Me.>K,JzyHapO,IUILIM HOPMaM. Bo3MO.JKHO, ueKoTopoe "'HCJIO .xcenlll.HH A06posoJILHo yil.u;eT B ",o;OMamHIOfO" ecpepy 3aWITOCTB; .JU'yrHe ope.JUJO'ITYT ueooJIIJLIA paoo'Dill ~eBL. STo 0Cli86RT OCTpOT)' Dp06JieMLI COWJIBJI BOBLIX pa6o'IHX MeCT. YCHJIHX npaBHTeJILCTBa B 06JiaCTB 8.11 private & IUbsi.dl.ary COUHaJILHOff DOJIHTHXH B 3HatmTeJILHOA Mepe 6LIJIH ~ BanpaBJieHLI Ha 60pL6y C IfocJieJJ;CTBHJIMH 6LICTpOro POCTa HHcl>JI.KD;HH ii ~·ena,Ila DpOH3BO.IleTBa. llpaBHTeJILCTBO He,IlaBHO npmUIJIO 3aKOB 0 3aiDITOCTH, Hcro'lHHK: Hapo,IIBoe xoJ.IIHCTBo YJ6eKCKOH CCP DO KOTOPOMY npe,IzyCMaTpHBaeTell BBeJJ;eHHe eHCTeMLI noco6uff no 6e3pa6oTHu;e (Bpe3Ka 8.2 .u;aeT o61ey10 KapTHH}' CHCTeMLI eOUHaJILHOff 3aJ.D;HTLI B Y36eKHCTaBe). 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HH,D;eKc po3HHliHLIX u;eu yaen:uqnncg a 'leTLrpe pa3a. PeanLHWI cpe,D;HXJI 3apa60THWI DJiaTa COKpaTHJiaCb npnMepuo ua 47 npou;eHTa c 1991 r. no HIOHb 1993 ~. Pa3HH[(a Me:>K,Izy ypOBIDIMH 3apa60THOB DJiaTLI TaiOKe COKpaTHJiaCL B Te'leHHe 1992 r. B 1990 r. cpe.u;uue 3apa6oTKH npnMepuo B TPH pa3a npeBLIWaJIH MHHHMaJILHyiO 3apa60THyiO nnazy. B HIOJie 1992 r. OHH npeBbllllaJIH MHHHMaJILHYIO 3apa60THyiO nnazy JIHWL B ,D;Ba pa3a. 8.18 Tax:oe COKpru:QeHHe peaJILHOB 3apa6oTuo:B nnaTLI conpoaox,u;anocL H3MeHeHIDIMH B CTp}'KTYpe ,D;OXO.D;a CeMLH; OHO TaiOKe npnBeJIO K H3MeHeHIDIM H B CTPYKTYPe pacxo.u;oa ceMLH (eM. Ta6nney 8.3). 0THOCHTeJILHWI pOJIL .D;OXO,IJ;a, DOJI}"IaeMOI"O OT pa60TLI, yBeJIHliHJIOCb, liTO HawJIO CBOe OTpaxceune B yBeJIHlleHHH .D;OJIH ,D;OXO,IJ;OB, DOJIYllaeMLIX B BH,D;e 3apa60THOB DJiaTLI H OKJia,IJ;a; STO COKpa~eHHe TaiOKe DOBJIIDIJIO H Ha pOCT .D;OXO.D;OB OT BCDOMOraTeJILHOB SKOHOMHlleCKOB .u;egTeJILHOCTH llaCTHOro xapaKTepa. H, uao6opoT, ,IJ;OIDI .u;oxo,n;oa, DOJiyllaeMLIX B pe3yJILTaTe rocy,IJ;apCTBeHHLIX npOrpaMM DO,JJ.IJ;ep:>KaHIDI ypOBIDI ,D;OXO,IJ;OB, COKpaTHJiaCL Ha O,IJ;ny TpeTL -- C 27 ,11;0 18 npou;eHTOB 06I..IJ;eB CYMMbi, liTO B OCHOBHOM CBji3aJIO C HHcPIDIIJ;HeA. 8.19 He Menee pa,u;HKaJILHLie H3MeHCHIDI npon30WJIH 11 B CTPYKTYPe ceMeBHbiX pacxo,IJ;oa. B 1991 r. cpe,IJ;IDJJI CeM},g TpaTHJia 43 npou;eHTa CBOHX ,IJ;eHe}K}{LIX ,D;OXO,D;OB Ha npO,IzyKTLI DHTaHIDI; B nepBOB DOJIOBHHe 1992 r. 3TH paCXO,Il;LI ,ll;OCTHrJIH 49 npo~eHTOB. qT06bl yBeJIH\IHTb 3TH paCXO,D;LI Ha npO.u;yKTLI DHTaHIDI, CeM},gM npHWJIOCb }'MeHLWHTb DGK}'IlKH HenpO,nOBOJibCTBeHHOro XapaKTepa H COKpaT:Wfb .npyme paCXOAI,L Bonee TOro, Mo:xrno YTBep}I{,D;aTL, liTO a nepaoM KBapTa.n:e 1992 r. cpe,u;un:B ypoaenL noTpe6neuu B §_/ B03MOJKBO, 'ITO 3TH UH4>PLI C03~810T BCBCpHOC upc~CTaBJICBHC 06 yxyro:IICBHH 6JiaroCOCTOJIBHJI, DOCJCO~K)' BeT yacpCBBOCTH B TOM, 'ITO UCBLI, HCDOJIL30BaBHLIC B ~CKCC B 1990 r., BOCHJIH pbiB011BLIA xapaKTep. O~aKO MOJKBO Oup~CJICBBO yraep::lK,ltaTL, no 3TH UHci>P&I OTPBJKaJOT cymeCTBCBBMA en~ yposHJI :lKH3HH.  - 111- Y36eKHCTaHe 6Lm cxo,n;eu c ypOBIDlMH noTpe6neurur caMLIX 6e,n;HLIX ,n;ec51TH npou;eHTOB ceMeff B CTpaHax 6 6bmwero CCCP (eM. Ta6nuny 8.4) . PA3BHTHE COUHAJibHOR 3AIWfTbl 8.20 HLmelliiUUI peaKIJ;rur npaBHTeJibCTBa ua o6ecu;euusauue 3apa6ornoA nnaTLI u COIUfaJILHLIX DOC06Hf:l CeMhliM HOCHT H30JIHpOBaHHhm xapaKTep: npaBHTeJibCTBO COCpe,D;OTO':IHJIO BHHMaHHe Ha DOBLIUleHHH ypOBH.SI MHHHMaJILHOfi 3apa60THOfi DJiaThi II MHHHMaJibHOro ypOBH51 neHCHA H Bb~eJIHJIO cpeACTBa Ha DO,IJJJ;ep}KaHHe CHCTeMhi CYOCHAHPOBaHIDI u;eu. flo CYTH ,n;ena, OHO Hr110pHpOBaJIO ,n;pyme 3JieMeHTLI DOJIHTHKH no 6opL6e c 6e,n;uocThiO. 8.21 B .Siusape 1992 r. MHHHMaJibHa.SI 3apa60THa.SI DJiaTa 6LIJia noshnneua c 70 ,n;o 350 py6nef:l B Mecxu;. YtiHThiBa.SI xapaKTep cucTeMLI onpe,u;enenH51 3apa6ornoA nnaTLI, yuacne,n;osauuoA OT 6Lmwero CCCP, pe3yJILTaTOM 3TOI'O mara 51BHJI0Cb TO, 'ITO 60JILllia.SI ':laCTL 3apa60THOfi DJiaTbl BLIDHa':IHBaJiaCL rocy,n;apCTBeHHLDMH npe,n;npH51TIDIMH. TaKHM o6pa30M, npaBHTeJibCTBO co3,n;ano cHzyan:mo, KOI',D;a 60JiblliHHCTBO CeMef:l MOI'JIO peann3osaTL csoe npaso ua nonyqeuHe MHHHMaJibHOI'O 06'beMa npO,rzyKTOB DHTaHIDI. B DOCJIC)zyl()liJ;He 18 MeC51IJ;eB YK3.3aMH npe3H,n;euTa soceML pa3 6Lma yBeJIH'IeHa MHHHMaJibHa.SI 3apa60THa.SI nnaTa c TeM, 'IT06LI o6ecne':IHBaTL XOT51 6bi MHHHMaJibHhm ypOBeHb DOTpe6JieHH51 ,I(ml 60JILWOI'O 'IHCJia rocy,u;apCTBeHHbiX CJIY}KaliJ;HX H HX ceMeA. 8.22 Kax oTMe'lanocL pauee, BCeCOI03HbW 3aKOH 0 neHCH.SIX 1990 r. ue co,u;ep}KaJI nonoJKeHHll o6 un,u;eKCaiJ;HH neuc:eA. He 6Lmo Taxoro DOJIO}KeHH51 H B npe,IUIIeCTByroliJ;eM 3aKOne. Ha ,u;ene }Ke BJiacm speM.SI OT BpeMeHH npOH3BOJibHO yoeJIH':IHBaJIH MHHHMaJibHbW ypOBeHL neHCHA C yqeTOM uu¢JI.Sin;HH H yoenHqeuru~ cpe.u;uero ypoaH.SI ,u;oxo.u;os. Ecnu neucu, H3.3naqeuuas KaKOM}'-JIH6o muzy, OK3.3bmaJiaCb HIDKe HOBOro YCTaiiOBJieHHOro MHHHM}'Ma, TO 3TO JIHIJ;O DOny':laJIO JIHWL HOB}'IO MHHHMaJILHYIO neucuro. TaKHM o6pa30M 6onhWHHCTBO nencHonepos, oco6euuo DO}KHJIOro B03paCTa, OK3.3amiCL nonyqaTemiMH MHHHMaJILnoA neucHH. Y36eKHCTau cne,D;osan TaKOMY :>Ke no~o,oy c guoapg 1992 r. BLm no.u;rurr MHHHMaJILHhm yposeuL neucuf:l H o TO .>Ke caMoe speM.SI yoenuqeua MHHHMaJILHaJl 3apa6ornag nnaTa. (MHHHMaJILHa.SI neHCH51 CTaJia B HIOJie 1993 r. HeMHOI'O BbWie MHHHMaJILIIOA 3apa60THOA DJI8TLI.) §/ Y3t5CKH DOTpcCSJIJIJIH CSoJibUIC XJICCSa, BO MCBblliC KBpTO~CJIJI, llCM CSC~biC pyecKHC; OBH DOK)'DaJJH CSoJibWC cllp)'ltTOB B OBO~eA, BO MCBblliC caxapa. TaKBJI :lKC KBpTHBa BaCSJIJO~aJiaCb H B DOTpCCSJICBHH y3CSCKaMH MJICio pb1CSY, MO.liOKI H ~· Dorpe6JICBBC CSc,QBCAnlHX CCMCit B Y3CSCKHCTBBC XBHO BIDKC ypOBBJI IIOTJJC6JICBHJI CSC,QBCAulHX cpc~ pyccJCHX,  - 112- 8.23 ,I(o HIOIDI 1993 r. npaBHTeJILCTBO OC)'ll{eCTBIDlJIO KOHTpOJIL Ha,D; QeHaMH no n;eJIOM)' AHaD83011)' OCHOBHLIX npO,D;OBOJILCTBeHHLIX TOBapOB, BKJIIO'Iasl MYJCY, MJlCO, MOJIOKO H caxap. 0,IUiaKO nOTpe6HTeJIH HMC.!DI npaBO DOKyllaTL JIHIIIL OrpaHH'IeHHOe KOJIH'IeCTBO npO,D;OBOJILCTBeHHLIX TOBapOB no 3THM D;eBaM; ,D;OnOJIHHTeJILHLie 3axyiiKH MOrJIH npOH3BO,D;HTLC.51 JIHWL no 6onee BLICOKHM, pLmO'lllbiM QeBaM. B pemHTeJILHOM ,IU3IDKeHHH Bnepe,u;, COKpaJ.Qa.K Dp11MLie cy6CH,D;HH, npaBHTeJILCTBO ce:A'IaC KOHTpOJIHpyeT o;eBLI TOJILKO Ha XJie6 H MYKY· flpe,D;CTaBmleTC)l, 'ITO He C~eCTByeT O<j>HQHaJILHOro OrpaHH'IeHIDI Ha KOJIH'IeCTBO xne6a, KOTopoe MO:>KeT 6LITL KyiiJieHo no 3TOA QeHe, OAHaKo xne6 He ocer.u;a 6LmaeT B npo,u;a:>Ke. llaCTIILle DeKapHH TalOKe npo,u;aroT BLlCOKOKa"'eCTBeHHLm XJie6 DO 6onee BLlCOKHM PLlliO"'HLIM QeHaM H, Ka:>KeTCJI, HaxO,u.srr ,D;OCTaTO"'HOe "'HCJIO DOTpe6HTeJiefl, 'IT06L~ paCCMaTpHBaTL ,D;aHHLm 6H3HeC KaK CTOX~ee .n;eJIO• .. ... , ··:::::::-···:_·;:.· ·::::::. t•~$; ..... ... ~~~~:u.~~:~..~~.t.o~~:·:i~i.~~.5~~(~;·:: .. ·................ . ........ . ...... .. .... ·• :: ··<~··r-r ~:.&)J#:~~.M!Y.):•:::. .... . ....... ·. :::··: :'<:-.:::·.::. : .:::/:.:::::.;.:::{:.::::}~::{{:~::{ .... . .. .. .. .. . ....... ::. .... .. .. .. . . .............................. :. .. . . ........ :............ ·:. ... ::·:. :..:::.:.::: .'. .-.-::. ::: ... ::::.:;:: ::·.....:::.:::::.. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:::::::::::::}:::::::::::})::;::::::{:::::::: 8.24 B ,D;ODOJIHeHHe K <J>HKCHpOBaHHIO UeH H cy6cH,IUfpOBaHHIO XJie6a H MYJCH npanHTeJILCTBO TaJOKe OCYIQeCTBJDie'~.. II p.sr,u; ,n;pymx npOrpaMM cy()cH,n;HpOBaHIDI. Cy6CH.n;HH npe,D;OCTaBIDliOTC.$1 Ha TaKHe TOBapld, ICU ,D;eTCKU O,D;e.>K,D;a H MOIO~He cpe.n;CTBa, yroJIL Ami OTODJieHH)l ,D;OMOB; HeHCDOJIL3yeM8JI TeDJIOIWI SBepmg SJieKTpOCTaHQHfl, KOTOpU B BeKOTOpLIX ropo,u;ax B,JJ;eT Ba OTODJieBHe JKHJILIX KBapTaJIOB, a TaJOKe ropO,D;CKOro TpaucnopTa. KBapTHpHU nJiaTa B JKHJILIX ,JJ;OMax, DpHHa,u;Jie}Ka~HX rocy,u;apCTBy, TaiOKe KOHTPOJIHpyeTCr, 7 JCBapmJiaTa CTOJIL Mana, 'ITO OHa He KOMDeHCHpyeT paCXO.n;LI Ha CTpOHTeJILCTBO, peMOHT B SKCnnyaTunuo • ,ltOTaiUUI Ta.JOKe npe.n;OCTaBJU[IOTCJI DOTpe6HTeiDIM pa3JIH'IHLIX Me,JUIQHHCKHX YCJI)T H JieKapCTB, a TaJCKe AJ1J1 DOKPLITWI pacxo.u;oa na BLicmee o6pa3osauue. B 1991 r. npasHTeJILCTBO noTpaTHJIO 4,4 Mnp,u; py6Jiel sa TaKHe nnaHLI cy6cn.u;na; a nepsol nonoaHHe 1992 r. STa CYMMa .u;oCTHrna 6onee 14,2 Mnp,u; py6nea. B 1992 r. 6IOW~CemLXe accumosauH)l na .u;oTaQHH coCTaBIDlJIH npuMepuo 30,7 MJip,u; py6nel (eM. Ta6mnzy 8.5). 8.25 BTOpOA KOMnOReHT B DOJIHTHKe npasHTeJILCTBa DO tSopL(Se C 6e.n;BOCTLIO BKJIIO'IaeT 8 ce6JI p8.3JIH11HLie noco6u sa ,u;eTeA, sse,u;eHHwe c 1974 r. CrpYK'I')'pa 3THX BLmJiaT XBIDieTC)l CJIOlKBOA. YpoBHB 60JILWHHCTBa 3THX BLIIIJiaT yaeJIH'IHJIHCL B 3,5 Pa3a C anpeiDI 1991 r. TaKHM o6p830M, Ha CBOCM HLIIIeWHeM Zl 31-o crano ocuoaawN C'l'HMfJJON AU opaaHTCJIIaCTU 1 DJJasc ycxopcau opHIATH31U,HH JKHJJU 1 1992 r. B TIDIKCBTC CSWJJO DpHIATH3HpOI&BO D011TH 99 DpOU.CBTOI oCS~ero cJwBAA )ICHJibJI, ICOTOpoe CSYJlO DpO.Jl&BO BAC:CJICBHJO DO O'ICIIIt BIDKOI BOMHB&JibBOA CI'OHMOc:TH.  - 113- YP08He, ynOM.KHYTbie 8bmnaTbi BHOC.SIT I!!'Jiji ·- 8eCLMa ueJuaqHTenhHLm 8Kna;:r; 8 ~eno ocna6neHH.SI TPY~HocTeff, C8.SI3aHHbiX c Tats.mma 8.5 6e,D;HOCTbiO. l)lo~emwe paa:op;~a~Ba O'fACm.m.le cytSctwm. 1991-~ rr. .JMII)J,l( pyt).) 3ATPAThl HA COQHAJibHOE 1991 1991 1992. 06ECflE"t{EHHE (BY. BHTI) Dpo,JtOIIOJlLCTIIBC 8.26 B Ta6nuu;e 8.6 Xiic~ MYKa 2,1 3,4 4,6 npe,rr.cTa8neua o6~a51 ou;enKa MJico H · M.llconpo.DYJITbi .9 1,5 1.6 CTOHMOCTH nporpaMM COI(HaHbHOrO MonoKo K Mono11Bbie ,5 0,8 1.0 o6ecneqenH.SI s Y36eKHcTane. B :Ctixap .o .o 1,7 Ta6nuu;y 8KnroqenLr KaK nporpaMMLI, 'laff·. ;1 ,1 ,6 . np.SIMO cpuuaucupyeMLie H3 6ro,J:VKeTa, .nana · ,0 ~·. TaK H Te, KOTOpbie cpHHaHCHpYJOTC.SI H3 · .BCDpO~O~~CTOBapLI pa3JIHquLIX 8He6ro,IOKeTHbiX ¢oup;o8. .M~tJio· .H 6LIToBU, ~ .0 .o ~i Kax. cne,rzyeT H3 Ta6nuu;Lr, 3aTparrbr ua :);\crt~ o~eicA~: :: ..... .· .•o ,0. 3~() cou;uam,uoe o6ecnetieHHe uenpepLmno ·:,ti~:K,~p'(if'il~t.:·····:· :::.:.:.::.··::· >.•6 ·1.,0 vt pocnu 8 Teqenue 80-x ro~08, a 8 ·· >. :Yro~i:{~::oT~~~~··:;f~R .. .. . . ··.: .. :.: ... . ...... ... ·- - .. :. . . :< ·: · · : j : · :.2 .. ·~ ...: : .::-:\?\ nocne~uue ~sa ro~a OHH pe3KO ... ·::~~c.JC;iji:B.::.·· . . ····· ..... . no,u;cKoqunu. B 1980 r. 3TH 3aTpaTLI .. s·· ......... .. ' .. . ::· :·Jtei:itP~~~o(~f.~~#ill~ . :. ·.:;1 COCTaBn.SIJIH npHOJIH3HTenLHO 7,4 ··::::· •:<:.:.: ::t~~~)i;~~~~·:rP.~JJ.~#.<>:~f.:::.: ·. ·.· :· ..... :::- ,0·: ·.:.:· . :··i·••·.••:;:··::.If:}~~ npo~eHTa BBII. K 1990 r. 3Ta ,D;OJI.SI .. .....-" .. ... ·- ... . ... ....:·>~ :- :·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:· . I4: ;;~li! no,u;wmach ,u;o 12 npou;eHT08 BBII. B . ·. :·. ::::::Jl..fOm·.:-·:::·::. .:····.::.··: .. :::· ::... .. . .·.7:.2.·· . .. . ..... 1991 r. 3aTpaTbi COCTaBHJIH noqTH 29 npou;eHT08 BBTI, a 8 1992 r. ynanu DpH6JIH3HTeJibHO ,D;O 24 npou;eHT08. .. ... HLmewiDI.Sl nomiTHKa 8 3Toff o6naCTH .SIBHO HepeanHCTHqHa C cpHHaHC080ff .• Cyt>cH,IJ;HH 3a 1992·r. )'Ka3aBI>I TOJibKO Ha nepHO,J4 C' .KHBapJI no ....... .HJOBb. TOqKH 3peHH51. 8.27 B Taonuu;e 8.6 TaiOKe ,D;aHbi OD;eHKH CTOHMOCTH TpaaccpepT08, DOJIY'IeHHLIX H3 MOCKBbi ~0 pacn~a CCCP. B 1985 H 1990 IT. TpauccpepTLI npH6JIH3HTeJibHO DOKPLIBaJIH 3aTpaTLI Ha COIJ;HaJibHOe o6ecneqeHHe. B 3TOM CMbiCJie CHCTeMa co~anLuoro o6ecneqeniDI npu couuanHJMe 6Lma B Y36eJOicTane 6ecnnaTHo~. Cero,n;IDI CHTYauiDI a npHuu;une HHM. Y36eKHCTaH noJDKeH npHWITh ua ce6g nonH}'IO cpuuaucosyro OTBeTcTaeuuocTL 3a nro6Lie nporpaMMLI COIJ;HaJILHOrO OoecneqeHIDl. 8.28 06mue 3aTpaTLI ua coo;HanLHOe o6ecneqeuue ,n;OJDKHLI ObiTL coKpameHhr. B KaqeCTse HH,D;UKaTOpa TOro, qTO MOXeT 6LITL )'MeCTHbiM B 3TOil CB.SI3H, DOyqHTeneH ODbiT pa3HbiX CTpaH ( CM. Ta6nHizy 8.7)8• PacxoJJ;LI ua 8Lmnazy neucuff a Y36eKMCTaue npu6nH3HTeJILHO Toro xe nop51,n;Ka, qTo :e B ,u;pymx rocy~apCTsax, c KOTOPLIMH nposo,u;HTca cpa8ueuue; 3aTpaTLI ua J,u;pa8ooxpaueuHe " o6pa3osauue 3HaqHTenLHO 8blllle, 3a HCKJuoqeuueM o6p3.308aHH.SI a Ka3axCTaue. Pa3JIH":I'IDI B coCTaBe uaceneHIDI H 11pe3MepHbie BJIOJKeHH.SI B CHCTeMj BLICWero 06pa30BaHH.SI B Y36eKHCTaHe MOryT OO'b.SICHHTb HeKOTOpbie H3 smx pa3JluquA. 3aTpaTLr, CB.SI3aHHLie c 6e3pa6oTHu;eA, 8 Y36eKHCTane a 1991 r. 6LrnH ,n;OL"TaToquo HH3KHMH. 0AHaKO B 1993-1994 IT. OHH, KaK OXOI,D;aeTCB, B03paC'cyT, ecnH npaBHTeJibCT80 Ha"iHeT peami3aiUIIO cepLe3HLIX ycunuA a 3Toff o6naCTH. OcuoaHLie paJJiuqug o6uapy.xrn8aroTc.si B KaTeropuu ",u;pyrne cou;uanLHble pacxo,D;br". Cro,11;a 8KJIIO'IaiOTC.SI u;euoBLie cy6cu,u;uu H noco6H51. Ypo8eHL noco6ufl B 1992 r. JuaqwrenLHo §/ Bonee u.e.'llecooi.Spa3BO cpasaHBaTb Y36CKHCTaB c rocy~apcTBaMH, HMeJOmHMH HH3KHH ypoBeHb ,IJ;oxo.na, 'lCM c TaK Ba31d&acMLJMH rocy,II;apCTBaMH Bceot>mcro 6Jiaro,IJ;cHCTBHJI. (O.~n~atto BBrJ B uepcC'lcTe aa ,IJ;YIIIY aacCJieBHJI n YJf5eKHCTa:ae kUOKe, 'ICN 15 CTpaaax OpraBH:JBU.HH SKOHOMlNecKoro COTPf,lJ,BH'Iecraa H pa:JBHTHJI.)  - 114- coKpaTnncx. O,u;naKo DOTpe6HTCJILCKHe cy6CH,D;HH B 1992 . ...... · ..... . . . :.· ........ :·://:\?II:>~: r. sToi% noqTn y,n;BOHJIHCb. o6nacTH HMeuuo B ueo6xo,u;HMO P&aAAY.·~·eo~~~·:~~~~::JJ.. : : ·: •: ;:. : : ·:·•.:/: :{ : ·.:~:~l:~:}f OC~eCTBJIXTh SKOHOMHIO. 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Heo6xo,D;HMO peQ>OpMHpOBaTL MeTO,D;HJCY onpe,u;eJieHIDI KaK KOHTHHr'eHTa COI.l;HaJILHO He3aw;H~eHHLIX rpynn, TalC B nporpaMM no 6opLoe c 6e,u;HOCTLIO.  - 115- 8.31 IlpaaHTeJibCTBO npO,JJ;OJDKaeT H3Mep.srrb ypOBeHh 6e,u;HOCTH B COOTBeTCTBHH C MeTO,JJ;O.tromeA, pa3pa60TaHHOH npH COBeTCKOM pe.xrnMe. Y 36eKCKaM CTaTHCTH'IeCKasl CJIYJK6a fOCKOMDPOMI03CTaT Onpe,u;eueT TaK Ha3hmaeMhrA npO}KHTO'IHhrA ypOBeHh, HCXO,IJ,SI B3 CTOHMOCTH DOTpe6HTeJibCKOH KOP3HHbl. 1 aBryCTa 1992 9 r. STOT yposeHh coCTaBJU£JI 1371 py6. a Mecxn; ua 11enoaeKa • MeTO,JJ;HKa, IipHMeaxeMu ,u;aHHLIX wm pac'leTOB, HMeeT ,u;sa He,JJ;OCTaTKa. Bo-nepBLIX, DOTpe6HTeJibCKasl KOP3HHa, HCDOJIL3yeMU DPH paclJeTax, no-npeJKHeMY ocuosbmaeTCJI na sKcnepTHhiX on;eHKax, a ae ua peanhHOA CTPYKTYPe pacxo,u;oo 6e,IUieAWHX CJIOeB HaceJieHHJI. KpOMe TOro, OHa 3aBHCHT OT TOro, liTO npe,JJ;CTaBJIJIJIOCb npHeMJieMhiM ,JJ;ml CTpaH 6hmmero CCCP a n;enoM, a He OT,u;enhHo ,u;m~ Y36eKHCTaua. 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B-TpeThHX, DOCKOJibKy n;eJih npOrpaMMbl DOMOJ.UH COJJ;HaJILHO He3aJ.UHJ.UeHHhiM CJIO.SIM -- o6neNHTh CTpa,JJ;aHHJI HaH60Jiee uy.>K,IJ;aroll(nxc.s~, 'lepTa 6e,u;HOCTH ,u;oJDKHa 6LITh yCTauosneua Ha peanHCTH"'eCKOM ypoaae, o6ecne11HBaiOI.QeM npe,D;OCTaBJieHHe He06XO~MOH DOMOJ.UH TeM, lJhH ,JJ;OXO,JJ;bi HHJKe STOH 'lepTbi. H HaKOHeJJ;~ DOCJie TOI'O, KO~,JJ;a 3TH KOHJJ;eDJJ;HH 6y,u;yr npHWlThl, He06XO,JJ;HMO 6y,u;eT peryMpHO OCYJ.UeCTBIDITi) KOHTpOJih 3a HX CTOHMOCThiO -- Ha MeC.SilJHOH HJIH e:>KeKBapTaJihHOH OCHOBe. Bee BbmJiaTbi B paMKax nporpaMM 6opb6LI C 6e,IUIOCTbiO B DOMO~ COn;HaJihHO HY}K,IJ;aiO~MCJI ,JJ;OJDKHbl 6b1Th c!>OPMaJihHO npHBJI3aHbl K yCTaHOBJieHHOMY ypOBHIO, a He K ypOBHIO MHHHMaJlhHOH 3apnJiaTbi. Ueaoawe cy6ctmHH 8.33 BTOpOfl KOMDOHeHT npaaHTeJibCTBeHHOH DOJIHTHKH DO 6opb6e C 6e,IUIOCThiO TaJOKe ,JJ;OJDKeB 6b1Th nepecMOTpeu. OcuosHax llaCTb nporpaMMhl cy6cH,JJ;Hposauu u;eu ,u;oJDKHa 6LITh JIHKBH,IUiposaua. 3a,u;a11eA nporpaMMLI 6opb6hl c 6e,IUIOCTbiO .SIBIDieTc.SI u;eneaoe uanpaBJieHne rocy,u;apCTBeHHbiX pacxo,u;os 6e~ CJIOXM. Be3 CHCTeMLI nposepKH HYJK,D;aeMOCTB, KOTOPU B HaCTO.SI~ee BpeMX MaJIOpeanLHa B Y36eKHC'l'aHe, npaBHTenbCTBO He 8 cOCTO.SIHHH sToro c,u;enaTh. B STOA cuzyau;uu Han6onee pa3yMHhiM no,u;xo,u;oM 6LIJio 6hl CKOHJJ;eHTpBpOBaTh paCXO,JJ;bl Ha TOBapax H ycnyrax, HaH60nee WHPOKO HCDOJIL3yeMLIX HYJKAaiOI.QBMHCJI. TaK, B Y36eKHCTaue 803MO.>KHO cy6cB,u;Hpooauue pacxo,u;oo ua nOKYDKY xne6a. Y11HTLmax ypoBeHh 3aTpaT u OrpaHH'IeHHOCTh 6IO,JJ;:>KeTa, cy6CH,IJ;HH Ha ,u;pyme npO,IzyKThl DHTaHIDI ,JJ;OJDKHbl 6LITh JIHKBH,D;BpOBaHLI. Cyt)cB,u;HB Ha HenpO,JJ;OBOJihCTBeHHbie TOBapbl TaK:>Ke ,JJ;OJIJKHbl 6h1Th OTMeHeHbi. 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Cne,uyroi.IJ;IIe peKOMeu.u;au;HH CB.SI3aHLI c MepaMH, KOTOpLie npaBHTeJibCTBO Morno 6L..'I: npe.n;npHIUi:Tb c u;enLro nepepacnpe.u;eneHIDI H coKpaw.euiDI pacxo.n;oa ua cou;HaJILHLie nporpaMMbi, H B TO xe BpeM.SI, HaCKOJibKO 3TO B03MOJKHO, COXpaHHTb MHHHMaJibHbrfi ypOBeHb DOMOW.H uy.>K,IJ;aiOW.eM}'CSl HaCeJieHHIO Y 36e~rnCTaHa. DoTpe6nTeJibCKHe cy6cHAHH 8.45 Cy6cH.n;HposaHHe paccMaTpHBaeTC.SI B Ka'lecTBe cocTaBruriOw;eA qacTH nporpaMMLI no 6opb6e c 6e.n;HOCTbiO. EbiCTpO paCT'}'ma.SI HH¢JI.SIUIDI H H3MeHeHIDI B OTHOCHTeJibHbiX u;eHax peSKO DOBbiCHJIH CTOHMOCTb pa3JIHqHLIX cy6cH.n;HA, qmHaHcHpyeMLIX H3 npaBHTeJILCTReHHoro 6ro,IOKeTa. Bbipa:x<:eHHa.H s BH.n;e .n;onu BBIT, 3Ta CTOHMOCTb B03pOCJia C 7,8 npou;eHTa B 1991 r., ,IJ;O 11,8 npou;eHTa B 1992 r. QqeBH,ll;HO, liTO 3Ta TeH.n;eHu;IDl He MO.>KeT npo.n;oJIJKaTLC.SI. Bonee Toro, 3Ha'lnTenbHasi qacTb cy6cH.n;H:H, B03MO.>KHO, soo6me ue nona.n;aeT K HY~aiOI..qHMC.H CJIO.SIM HaCeJieHH.SI. 8.46 llpa8lJTTleJlbCI1l8o OOmlcHo .tll.IK6u0upo{Jamb 6ce cy6Cuduu 3CI UCK.IlXJ&leJ-aleM cy6Cuauu Ha xn.e6. 3TO n03BOJIHJIC1 Obi C3KOHOMHTL 7,8 npou;euTa BBIT B 1992 r., coKpaTHB 6xo,IOKeTHr:.rn ,n;e¢nu;HT ,n;o 4 npou;eHTOB BBTI. Hy:JKdcoou.pJecR no.nyt~am OOte:JKHYIO KOMneHCCllp.DO 3Cl poem !JeH, ec.nu ux noco6uR 6yc)ym ~ TllllK, KCDC npeilnt?MemcR HWKe. YcrauoBJieuue MHHHMaJJhuoro npoliCIIToquoro ypoBHR 8.47 YcHniDI npaBHTenLCTsa B o6naCTH 6opb6LI c 6e.n;HOCTbiO .n;oJIJKHLI HCXO.n;HTb H3 KOHD;en~u "MHHHMaJILHOH noTpe6nTenLCKOA KOp3HHLI", ocuoBaHHOff ua CTPYKTYPe pacxo.n;os 6e.n;HLIX cnoes uacene11m1 H perHOHaJibHbiX u;euax. TairnM 06pa30M, ypoBeHb 6e.n;HOCTH 6y,JJ;eT BbipaJKaThC.SI B a6COJIIOTHbiX, CKOpee 'leM B OTHOCHTeJibHbiX TepMHHax.. 3TOT ypoBeHb, a He ypoBeHb MHHHMaJibHOfi 3apmia'rLI, 6y,u;eT CJIYJKHTb TOtiKOA OTcqeTa ,D;JI.SI CUCTeMbl llOCOOHH. Qeneaa.11 noMOIJlh 6eAHbiM 8.48 ,Il;rur u;eneaoro pacnpe.n;eneHlUI DOMOW:H HeOOXO.n;HMO HCllOJib30BaTL DPHHUHD DPOBepKH uy.)K,II;aeMOCTH C TeM, qT06bi DOMOI..qb npe,JJ;OCTaBIDIJiaCL JIHWb TeM, llbH ,IJ;OXO,D;bl HIDKe llP01KHTO'JHOro ypOBWl. Ho 3Ta 3a,JJ;atia 3aTpy,IUUieTcg s 6niDKa:HweA nepcneKTHBe, oco6eHHO, s CB.SI3H c TeM, liTO yponenL ,JJ;oxo,u;oa  - 120- ceJILCKHX CeMeATpy,IUIO H3MepHTb. He06XO~HMO npHCTYJIHTL K pa3pa60TKe nporpaMMbi CO~HaJILHOA nOMO~ na ocnooe nposepKH ypoollil peanLHLIX ~oxo.noo. TexueqecKaH noMow;L a 3TOM nanpaBJieHI!H MOXeT naTL nOJIO.>KHTeJILHble pe3yJILTaTbi. 8.49 B nepexo~nLm nepeo~, ocooeHHO yqHTLmrur pacTYJ,UHe pacxo~Lr ua co~HaJILifYIO c<Pepy B npou;ecce pe<I>OpM, Tpe6yeTCX npaKTH"'eCKa1l aJILTepHaTHBa OT60py no.rryqaTeJieff COIJ;HaJILHOff nOMO~B. Hau.rryqwuM peweueeM 6Lmo 6LI u a ,nanLueffweM pyKoao~cTaoaaThCX ceMeAHLIMH noco6HXMH H noco6IDIMB ua ~eTeA. B Y36eKHcTaue uanuqee ,neTeff 3MnepuqecKH cBX3aHo c 6e.n;HOCTLIO. <l>aKTH"'ecKH, .noe TpeTH HY:>K,IJ;arow;uxcx 8 1991 r. cocTa8HJIH ~eTH. B TO }Ke apeMX cymecTayrow;ax cecTeMa ~OJDKHa 6LITh ynpow;eHa, a MHOroCJIOJKHaH CHCTeMa ll0C06Hff 3aMeHeHa e,IJ;HHblM nOC06HeM Ha pe6eHKa. B pe3yJILTaTe ,IJ;aJILIIeAweA aHaJIHTH"'eCKOff pa60TLI 803M0}KH0 6LIJIO 6bi Onpe,neJUiTL nyTH YC08epmeHCTB08aHHX cyw;eCT8yro~eA CHCTeMbi -- K DpHMepy, YCTaHOBH8 ll03HTH8uyiO 3aBUCHMOCTb Me.>K,Jzy pa3MepOM noco6ex H 'IHCJIOM ,D;eTeA s ceMLe. 8.50 B rcpar11ICOCfX1' nepcneKmu8e OCHOI/y nom.aTlLDCU no 6optJ5e c ~ ~ cocrnallurr. oeMeiiHble nocotiul. CytqecmtJYJOUlYIO CAO'JKHYIO aJC111eMY CAedyem 3CllrCeHl.DTlbeduz.tu.M nocofiueM. Ezo ypol/eHb dcwvnH noildep'JICI.IiJambcR 6 peaAbiiOM anouMOCmHOM fJblfXDIWHUU. Coxpaneaae 3.,1leKBaTHoro ypoBH.R noMOIJIH 8.51 B ycJI08IDIX 8LICOKOA HHcpiDI~HH pearrLHax ueuuoCTL noco6uA 6LICTpo n~aeT. O,u;Hax:o aBTOMaTH'IeCKrul HH,D;eKCaiJ;IDI BCeX nOC06Hff MOJKeT HMeTL OTpHIJ;aTeJILHbie 6IO)U{eTHLie ll HH<!>JISIIUIOHHLie DOCJie,D;CT8IDI. 0~H DO~XO,IJ;, 8 paMKax KOTOporo 803M0}KH0 pelilHTL STH npOTHBOpe'IHBLie 3a,D;a'IH, 3aKJII011aeTCX B TOM, 'IT06LI yCTaH08HTh MHHHMaJibHLie pa3MepLI noco6ea:, no KpaAHeA Mepe Ha yp08He 1feJJTLI 6e,JUIOCTH, H nonHOCTLIO orpa,u;uTL MIIHHMaJILHLie noco6mr OT HH4>IDIUHH. AoiDKHa 6hiTL B8e,u;eua e.u;HHu CHCTeMa npHBe~eHIDI nOC06Hff 8 COOT8eTCT8He C IJ;eHaMH, "'T06LI 60Jiee BbiCOKHe nOCOOIDI B03paCTaJIH nponopl(HOHan:LHO MeHLWe, 8 pe3yJILTaTe qero 6y,neT ,u;oCTHmyra OuzyTHMaH KOMnpeccmr CTPYKTYPLI DOC06Hit. ~TO DpH8e,D;eT K 3Ha'IHTeJILHbiM COKpaw;eHHXM 3aTpaT (B POCCHH, HanpHMep, TOJibKO Ha neHCHH yxo,u;wr 2 npouenTa BBII). STo uenecoo6pa3Hru£ KpaTKocpoqnrur Mepa. Ona o6ecne'IH8aeT o;eneooe H'aiipaBJieHHe cpe~CTB TeM, KTO ,u;eitCTBHTeJILHO H}':>K,IJ;aeTCX, H DOMOraeT o6ecne"'HTL CHT)'aiJ;HIO, DpH KOTOpOA HH O,u;HH }KHTeJIL He OKa)KeTCX 3a 'lepTOit 6e~HOCTH. Ilo,no6Hbrfi DO,IJ;XO,IJ; MO}KeT 6LITL H3MeiieH, KOr,D;a H3MeiDITCX 6IO.IUf{eTHLie 06CTOXTeJILCT8a, H npaBHTeJILCT80 CMO}KeT npHIDITb nJiaH no 8Be~eHHIO AHcP<jlepeHIJ;Hp08aHHOit CTpyKTypbi DOC06Hit, CBX3aHHblX C yp08HeM 3apa60TKa. ,llanttneiiwa.a 3KOHOMH.R cpe,llCTB 8.52 B CHTYaUHH 6ro,IOKeTHOro KPH3HCa He06XO,!UiMO onpe~e.JYHTL B03MOJKHOCTH COKpallleiiHJl paCXO,D;OB H, HaCKOJILKO 3TO 803MO}KIJ0, peaJIH308aTL HX. llOMHMO BbllileynOMXH}'TbiX Mep cymeCTBYfOT H .o;pyme ccpepLI, B KOTOpbiX IlpaBHTeJILCTBO Y36eKHCTaHa MO:>KeT COKpaTHTb TeK}'ll.J;He paCXO,IJ;bi. 8.53 Dencaa. CHCTeMa neucHOHHOro o6ecneqeu.IDI 8 6Lmwux co8eTcKHx pecny6JIHKax OTJIH'IaeTCJI OT CYJ.QeCTBYIO~HX B ~pymx CTpaHax MHpa. TaK, HaDpHMep, npeCTape.iiLie HMeiOT npa80 pa60TaTL, He Tepu npH 3TOM ~aCTL neHCHOHHOro DOC06IDI, a DCHCHOHHLm B03paCT OTHOCHTeJILHO HH30K. B Y36eKHCTaHe OKOJIO 13 npo~eHTOB neHCHOHepOB HMeiOT ~OnOJIHHTeJILHbm 3apa60TOK. ~eJICC006_pa3HO, no KpaAueA Mepe, OrpaHH'IHTL STO DOJIOJKeHHe C TeM, "'T06bi JIIO,IUI, 3apa6aTLmaromue 3Ha'IHTeJILHLie CfMMLI, He DOJI)"Iaml O,IUIOBpeMeHHO C 3THM H neHCHIO 8 DOJIHOM pa3Mepe. Hpa(Jume.nbcmtlo c1o.nXHO paccM01Tipf!l116o:iMO'JICIICIC:na \ 66edeHuR npo/JepKu npu npueMe 'flf!HalOHe1XJ8 Ha pa6om;y lUlU, no ICpCli1Hei1 Mepe, 'lQC11IUilHOZO yOOpJICaHUII. ecAU :lCiptl6omOic npe(Jbauaem onpei}e.neHnbdj ypol/eHb. 8.54 Bo3pacm &.:wda HQ neHaDO 6 Y36exucmaHe MOJKeffl &.anb nocmeneHHO yl/e.m.NeH•. HatiUHQSI c RHf/apR 1996 z•• neHWOHHblii 6o:Jpacm ~ y{Je.nutru6amb Ha 6 Meelllle6 ~ zocl, do mex nop 1101a1 OH He docmuzHem 65 .nem ICCIIC dnR A(Y1K'D.DI (2005 z.), mtDC u dnR JICeHl.IIUH (2015 z.).  - 121- 8.55 Docoila• no po.JlaM a yxollY :sa pe6eaKoM. CylueCTsyrou_.ee nonoJKenee. npe.oycMaTPHBaiOIIlee TJ)eXlleTHBA OTII)'CK H BLDIJI8TY noco6HA M&TepliM B Te'leHHe DOJIOBHHLl STOI'O nepHOA&. npe.u;CTaBruleTCJl HeCKOJILICO Ule.IQ)LIM. JiLIJIO tiLl u;enecoofipa3HO COKpaTHTL STH DOCOtiHJI, )"'HTLLIWl610,JUKeTHLie TPYAIIOCTB B 38.1Ul'IH OC}'lQ.eCTBJieHIUI DJiaHHpOBaHHJI ceMLH. 8.56 B..DJJaTa noco6Hil no 6oJJe3HH. CJie.oyeT paCCMOTpeTL B03MOJKHOCTL nepexo.u;a OT CHCTeMLI, DpB KOTOpOA 3TH nocofiu ~HHaHCHp}'IOTCll nocpe.u;CTBOM HaJIOra Ha 3apafiOTII}'IO nJiaT)'. CnOJIHLIM 38MeJ.QeHBeN. K CHCTeMe, npa KoropoA pa6oro.u;areJIH oti.K3aHLI BLUJJia'IHBaTL nocotiee no 6one3HB ne38MeAJIHTe.JlLHO BJIB DO HCTe'leHHH 1-2 AReA. fipeHM}'lneCTBO AaHHOA CHCTeMLI 3aKJIIO'IaeTCJI B TOM. 'ITO oeofiXO.u;HMOCTL HeCTB pacxo.llLI no BLDIJiaTe noco6eA no 6one3HH 3aCTaBHT patioro.u;aTeneA tionee BHHMaTeJihiiO omeCTHcL 1t npo6lleMe ue.KBKH na pa6oT)'. OTpuu;aTeJILHLIM acneKTOM liBJUieTCll TO, 'ITO noreuueaJILHLie pa6oTBBDI. ltOTOpLie MOryr HMeTL nOBLIWeHHYIO npe.u;pacnOJIOJKeHHOCTL K 3860JieBaHHJIM (oanpHMep. lKeuunmLI AeTOPO,tUIOI"' B03paCTa) fiYAYT no.u;Bepr&TbCSI .u;HCKPHMHH&UHH DPH npHeMe Ha pa6ary. OOJIIITIOCa 1a o6naCTH 3aHJITOCTH 8.57 fipaBHTeJibCTBO MOrJIO 6LI npe,u;npHIDlTL PSIA Wai'OB no C03.u;aHHIO S<j><JleKTHBHO ,u;eiCTB)'IOUlei'O pLIHK8. patio'leA CHJILI B Y36eKHCTaue: • JIHKBH.u;HpoaaTL aAMHHHCTpaTHBHLie orpauH'IeHHll ua nepeMemeuae pa6o11eA CIIJIY, HaDpHMep. OTMeHHTL CHCTeMLI DPODHCKH. • Cooco6CTBOBaTL CO:JJJ;aHHIO MaKCHM8JihiiO WHpOKOA CHCTeMLI TPYAOyCTpolcma. • flepecMOTPeTL cHCTeMY npe.u;oCTaBJienu 38.AMos Ma.JILIM npeJltlpm~T~n~M 11epe3 Cayz6y 38WITOCTH. B 'laCTHOCTB YCJIOBHll H KPHTePHH npe.u;OCT88Jle1111Jl 38AMOS. a TaiCb OPraHH30BaTL KpaTKOCpO'IHLie KYPCLI B 06JiaCTH 6yxraJITepCKOI'O }"leTa B MapEenmra AID~ nonyqaTeJieA 38AMOB.  rJIABA 9 CEJihCKOE X03~A:CTBO A. YCJIOBH~ llPOBE)lEHHSI PECOOPMbl 9.1. Y36eKHC'l'aH pacnonaraeT OrpaHH'IeHHbiMH npHpO,IUILIMH pecypcaMH, HO HMeeT MHOro'IHCJieHHOe u 6LrcTpo pac~ee uaceneuue, KOHIJ;eHTpHpyro~eecx B :ryCTo 3acenennLrx Oa3Hcax H ue,u;asuo pa3BHTLIX Hppura~HOHHLIX paAouax. 06WHpHLie nyCTLIHH Ha TeppHTOpHH pecny6JIHKH He MOryT 6LITL HCDOJib30BaHLI ,D;JUI npOH3BO,Il;CTBeHHO'A ,D;eXTeJILHOCTH. 06pa6aTLmaeTCX JIHWL 10 npou;eHTOB 3eMeJIL, 95 npou;eHTOB H3 HHX -- opowaeMLre 3eMJIH. TeM ue Menee, 3KOHOMHKa CTpaHLI opneHTnposaua ua cenLCKOe xo311ACTBO. XOT.sl C~eCTB}'IOT B03MO:>KHOCTH ,tJ;JIX pa3BHTWI HOBLIX pa~CHOB, BO,u;Hble pecypCLI CTpaHbl no CYTif ,u;ena }'JKe HCDOJib3YIOTCX Ha 100 npOIJ;eHTOB H ceJILCKOMY X0311'ACTBY nO'ITH HaBepiDIKa npH,D;eTC.sl no,u;eJIHTLCX 'laCTLIO ucnonb3yeMLIX B uacTo.s~w;ee speMR so,u;nLQC pecypcos c ,u;pymMn oTpaciDIMH. 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POCT 03a60'IeHHOCTH no DOBO,Dy COCTOXHIDI OKP}'}KaiOJ.Qe:A cpe,JUd COBDaJI C yxyAIUeHHeM <PHHaHcosoro nono.xceHH.sl CCCP, H poCT opomaeMLIX nnow;a,u;e:A CYID;eCTseuuo 33.Me,u;JIHncx. llOCJie TOro, KaK Y 36eKHCTaH CTaJI He3aBHCBMbiM, 6IO~eTHLie acCHMIOBaHHJ16biJIH DOJIHOCTLIO npeKpai.QeHLI, a orpauuqeHHLie BnyTpeHHHe HaKODJieHHX ,D;eJiaiOT HeB03MO:>KHbiM CKOJIL-JIH60 KpynHLie OpOeKTLI no YJIY'IWeiiHIO 3eMeJib B 0603PHMOM 6y,IO'Ul;eM HeCMOTp.K Ha OrpaHH'IeHHOCTL BO,D;HblX pecypCOB. B OTJIH'IHe OT poc·l'a OCBOeHHbiX DJIOW:a,IJ;e:A, H3MeHeHH.K B CeJILCKOX03XHCTBeHHOA TeXHHKe 6LIJIH He3Ha'IHTeJILHLIMH, B YPOJKafiHOCTL OCTaBaJiaCL npu6JIH3HTeJILHO Ha O,tUIOM H TOM JKe ypOBHe. 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A 3TO 03Ha'laeT TO, "'TO pea.JILHLIH BLinyCK MeHLWe DOTeHIJ;HaJILHOI'O, H Pa3HH~a MeJK,DY 3THMH ,JJ;BYM.si BeJIH'IHHaMH MO.>KeT 6LITL BeCLMa C~eCTBeHHOfl. 9.7 B KpaTKOCpO'IHOM DJiaHe ,JJ;JU1 Y.nrtWeHIIJI COCTOJIHIDI ,JJ;eJI B ceJILCKOM X03JIACTBe Y3tSeKHCTall)' CJie,JJ;yeT OC~eCTBIDrrL e,JJ;Huyro CTpaTerHIO, OpHeHTHpOBaHuyiO Ha npOH3BO,JJ;HTeJILHOCTL H npH6L1JILHOCTL. .!tiD~ DOBLDIIeHIDI ypOBHJI npOH3BOAHTeJILHOCTH DpaBHTeJILCTBO ,JJ;OJDKHO 06ecne'!HTL YCJIOBHJI AJIJI 6oJiee npHBJieKaTeliLHOA CHCTeMLI CTHM}'JIOB, BKJIIO'IaiO~eA: • JIHKBH,JJ;~HIO CHCTeMbl i'OCYAapCTBeHHLIX 3aKa30B B CeJILCKO~{X03JlACTBe • CWITHe orpaHH'IeHHfl TOprOBJIH pecypca.MH H npO,JzyKI.\HeA • C03,D;aHHe pLmKOB, JIHKBH,JJ;aUIDI 6apLepOB BB03a ,JJ;JUI MapKeTHHra H pacnpe,JJ;eJieHHJI ,Itrul DOBoDIIeHH.si npH6LIJILHOCTH npaBHTeJILCTBO ,JJ;OJDKHO npHIDITL 6oJiee 3cp<l>eKTHBH}'IO DOJIHTHK)' B 06JiaCTB UeH Ha IIPO,IU'K~IO H DOTpe(}Jij[eMbie CeJILCKHM X03.siACTBOM MaTepHaJILHLie pecypCLI, BKJIIO'IaiOuzyiO: • A8IDKeHHe K MeJK,IzyHapO,JJ;HLIM ~eHaM • IlepeOUeHicy DOJIHTHKH HaJIOro06JIOJKeHIDI DOTpe6HTeJILCKHX cy6cH,JJ;HA H npOH3BOACTB8 DOBIJIWEHHE YPOBHJJ DPOH3BO,r{CTBA: YJIY'IWEHHE CTPYKTYPhl CniMYJIOB CacreMa rocyllapCTBeaawx 3aKa3oB 9.8 CHCTeMa rocy,JJ;apCTBeHHbiX 3aKa30B peryJIHpyeT 3KOHOMH'IeCKHe OmOWeHHJI MeJKAY KOJIX038MII H COBX03aMH C O,JJ;HOA CTOPOHLI H npaBHTeJILCTBOM -- C .u;pyrofl. llpaBHTeJILCTBO onpe,JJ;eUeT KOJIH'IeCTBO npO,JJ;YKI.ntH, KOTOpOe AOJDKHO 6LITL npOH3Be,IJ;eHO KOJIX03aMH H COBX03aMH (n.naHupyeMaR npO,IzyKJ.U~J~), AOJDO  - 128- DpO~H (K6omy npO~H), KOTOpyiO OHH ~OJDKHLI npo~aTL rocy~apCT8CHHbiM npe~fl!JIDITIDIM. KaK Ta, TaK H ,n;pyrag npO.IJYKlUI.SI npo,u;aeTCJI no 3aroTOBHTeJILHLIM ~eHaM, yCTaHOBJieHHLIM npaBHTeJILCT80M H ,n;O 1990 r. DJiaHUpyeMaK H KBOTHpyeMU npO.u.yKI.lHJI npe,JJ;CTaBJij[Jia co6oA O,u;HO H TO }Ke. O,u;aaKO 8 1991 r. npaBHTeJILCTBO pa3peWHJIO KOJIX03aM H COBX03aM OCTaBIDITb Y ce6JI He60JibmyiO ,D;OJIIO DpO~ H nOCTaH08HJIO, liTO BHenJiaHOBaJI H CBepXDJiaHOBaJI npO.IJYKlUI.SI MOJKeT npo,u;aBaTLCJI Ha 6a3apax ( OTKpblTbJX pbiHKax) no pLIHOtiHbiM IJ;eHaM. B 1992 r. npaBHTeJILCTBO y8eJIHtiHJIO ,D;OJIIO npO,nyKD;HH, KOTOpyro KpeCTLSIBe MOryT OCTaBJUITb y ce()g. llpasHTeJILCTBO 06'DJI8HJIO 0 C80eM HaMepeHHH npO,D;OJDKaTL CHHJKeiiHe 06'LeMa DJiaH080ii npO,JJyK.U;HH, KOTOpyro KpeCTLSIHe ,D;OJDKHLI npo.u;asaTL rocy,u;apCT8y, H 8006me OTKa3aTLCX OT nee AJU1 TaKHX BH,Il08 npO,IzyKUHH, KaK OBOW:H H <J>pfKTLI 8 TetieHue Tpex JieT. 9. 9 B 8U.IJY Clcy,D;OCTH HHci>OpMaUHH 0 cenLCKOX03X'ACTBeHHOM npOH380,tt;CT8e ODpe.IJ;eJIHTh, nOMOrJIO JIH 3TO yBeJIUtiHTL DPOH3BO~CT80, 3aTpy~HHTeJILHO. Tpy~08Lie KOJIJieKTH8LI HMeiOT 60JILWe C8060~, DO HeXCHO, pacnpoCTpaiDieTCX JIH 3TO Ha OTJ,J;eJILHLIX KpeCTLXH. KpeCThSIHe ,D;OJDKHLI npo,u;aaaTL C8010 npO,IzyKIUIIO qepe3 KOJIJieKTH8bl, KOTOPLW onpe,u;eJIJieT, KaKHM o6pa30M ,D;OJDKHLI pacnpe,n;eJI.SITLCX DJIOALI 3TOro ,u;ononHHTeJILHOro Tpy,u;a. XoTx npnHUHDLI pacnpe,u;eneawr, npnMeiDieMLie 8 KOJIJieKTuaax, npu8X3LIBaiOT ,n;ODOJIHHTeJILHOe npOH380,n;CT80 K B03HarpaJK,tt;eHHIO, 3TO npaBHJIO He OTHOCHTCX K 803Harp~eHHIO OT,D;eJ!LHLIX KpeCTLXH. 3TO ,n;OJDKHO II3MeHHTLCX; JII06aJI DPO.IJYKUIDI, DpOH38e,D;eHHaJI CBepx rocy,u;apCTBeHHOro 3aKa3a, XBJij[eTCX C06CT8eHHOCTLIO OT,D;eJILBOro KpeC'l'hSIHHHa, KOTOpLm ,D;OJDKeH HMeTL DpaBO CB060AHO npo,u;aTL ee o no C80eMY ycMoTpeuuro. Bonee Toro, ypoaeuL nnauHpyeMoro npon3ao,u;CTaa onpe,u;eueTCJI ua OCH08e npOWJILIX nOKa3aTeJieA. TaKHM o6pa30M, eCJIH B DPOWJIOM ro,~zy 6LIJIO DOJIY'IeHO 60JILWe npO~U, "'eM DJiaHHPOBaJIOCb, DpaBHTeJILCT80 y8eJIHtiH8aeT DJiaHOBLie DOKa3aTeJIH ,IJ;rul KpeCTMIB Ha Te~HA roAo B pe3yJILTaTe KpeCTMIHe He 3aHHTepecOBaHbl B TOM, "'T06LI DOKa3LIBaTL ,n;eACTBHTeJILHLie 06'LeMhi DPOH3BO.D;CTBa. 9.10 B Klrrae "cenLCKOX03XACT8eHHLie pe<t>opMLI TaJOKe 8Hecnu 3Ha"'HTenLHLm BKJI~ 8 poeT DpOH3BOACTBa 8 nepuo,u; C 1978 DO 1984 IT.", H "HapJI,Dy C p11,1J;OM .u;pymx 3JieMeHT08 pe<t>opMLI, nepeXO,D; OT CHCTeMLI DpOH3BOACTBeHHLIX 6pura.,u; K CHCTeMe CeMeAHOA OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH CTaJI X8HO CaMLIM BaJKHLIM cpa.KTOPOM. O.u;ua TOJILKO 3Ta UHC'l'lfTYIUIOHHaJI pe<J>opMa o6ecne~HJia 48 DPOUeHTOB npupOCTa DPOH3BO,D;CTBa, 1 'ITO pasHJieTCH CYMMapHOMY 3<J><J>eKTY DpHpOCTa 8CeX DOTpe6MeMLIX OTpaCJILIO pecypcoa" • B DepHO,n; C 1978 DO 1984 roALI CeJILCKOX03X'A:CT8eHHOe DpOU380,n;CTBO KHTM 7,7 npoueHTOB B B03paCTaJIO Ha ro,n;, a 06UUIA ero pOCT COCTaBHJI 56 DPOUeHTOB. TaKHM o6pa30M, npu6JIU3HTeJILHO 28 npoueHTOB POCTa cenLCKOX03XACTBeHHOI'O DpOH3BO,IJ;CTBa 6LIJIO o6eCDe'ieHO He 3CJ C'leffl iJ.noJKellllij ~ ~pec:ypcoiP. 9.11 fipe,D;OCTaBJieHHe KpeCTWIHaM HHCTHTYIJ;HOHHLIX CB060,u; 8 yxa3aJIHOM 06'LeMe Dpe,IJ;C'raBIDieT C060A CYJ,UeCTBeHHOe H3MeHeHHe, KOTOpOe ,D;OJDKHO .JJ;aTL HM CTHM}'Jibl H B03MOJKHOCTH ,JJ;llil 6onee Scll<J>eKTHBHOrO HCDOJib308aHHJI pecypCOB H .D;rul cneUHaJIH3~HH DPOH3BO,IJ;CTBeHHOi'f ,IJ;eXTeJILHOCTH. Y36eKHCTaH MO.>KeT TaiOKe ,D;aTL KpeCTMIHaM 8LIXO,D; Ha pLWOK H pacDpe,u;enHTL npOH380,IJ;CTBO He TOJILKO 11epe3 KOJIX03bl H COBX03LI; TaJOKe H ,IJ;OJDKHO 6LITL pa3pewen0 OTKpbiTL npe,u;npH.SlTHX DO rpy308LIM aBTODepeB03KaM, pacnpe.u;eneuuro H po3uuquoA ToproBJie. 9.12 CenLCKOe X03XACTBO H arponpOMLDDJieHHOCTL Y36eKHCTaHa He HMeiOT CUCTeMLI MapKeTHHra .u;JIJI OCHOBHLIX 8H,D;OB DPOH3BO,D;CT8a (HJIH, B CBX3H C 3THM, .D;JU1 pecypC08), H Ha nyTH K CJia}KeHHOA H KOHicypeHTHOA CHCTeMe HMelOTCB OrpOMHLie Tpy.u;HOCTH. l{aCTHbie Mara3HHLI COCTaBJIXIOT JIHWL 3 DPOUeHTa OT BCeX Mara3HH08, liTO He.D;OCTaTOtiHO ,u;rul K8XOA-JIH60 3HatiHTeJILHOA KOHJCYpCHUHH C rocy,u;apCTBeHHLIMII TOproBLIMH 1'0tiKaMH H )l;JUI DOBLDlleHWI s<J><PeKTHBHOCTH. B CBeTe HOBOrO HaDpaBJieHHX B 3KOHOMHtieCKOA !/ Justin Yifu Lin, "Rural Reforms and Agricultural Growth in China." American Et:onomic Review. March 1992, p. 46. g/ D. Gale johnson, The People's Republic of China: 1978-1990. San Fr~isco; la~naational Center for Economic Growth. 1990.  - 129- DOJIHTHKe aJibTepHaTHBHbie pblHO"'Hbie DOCpe,n;HHKH TOJibKO Ha"'HHaiOT D011BIDITbC11, HO BCe CI.I.J;C C,JJ;aBJICHbl rocy)J;apcTaeHHLIMH CTPYKTYPaMH, KOTOpLre ,n;OMHHHPYIOT a nepepa60TKe H pacnpe,n;eneuuu npo,IzyKTOa H pecypcoa H, TaKHM 06pa30M, HMeiOT MOHODOJibHOe DOJIO)KeHHe. qaCTHbiC JIHIJ;a H rocy)J;apcTaeHHbie npe,n;npiDITIDI He HMeiOT npaaa Hanp11M}'IO 3KCDOpTHpOaaTb H HMDOpTHpOBaTb CCJibCKOX03XHCTBCHHbie TOaapbl H pecypc&r. 9.13 C~eCTayroi.I.J;a11 CHCTeMa HC OtleCDC'IHBaeT nepe,n;aqy npaBHJibHbiX CHniaJIOB OT pblliKa K npOH3aO,D;HTeJIIO H nepepa60T'IHK}' npO~HH C TeM, 'IT06bi OHH MOrJIH npHHHMaTL OCHOaaHHLie Ha pbiHOl.JHbiX cpaKTOpax npOH3aO,JJ;CTBCHHbie peweHIDI, H He C03,II,aeT CTHMYJIOB ,D;JUI KaDHTaJIOBJIOJKeHHA B CeJILCKOe X0311HCTBO, nepepa60Ticy, H a OC06eHHOCTH TaKHe acnOMOraTeJILHbie ycnym, KaK xpaueHHe H TpaHCDOPTHpOBKa. Bonee TOro, B CHJIY OTCYTCTBIDI OTKpbiTOrO ,D;OCTYIIa a CHCTeMY pacnpe,n;eneHIDl H KOHicypeHIJ;HH C~eCTBYIO~He B Hen MOI.I.J;HOCTH ,n;IDI nepepa60TKH, TpaHCDOpTHpOBKH H xpaHCHIDI npO,lzyKIUIH uea,n;eKBaTHLI, a Ka"'eCTBO KOHetJHoro npo~a 3atJacryro 3Hal.JHTenLHO yczynaeT Me)I()JYHapo,n;HhiM o6pa3o;aM. CornacHO OD;eHKaM, DOTepH OaOI.I.J;ef:l H cPPYKTOa DOCJIC y60pKH ,D;OCTHraroT 20-25 npo:u;eHTOa 06I.I.J;ero 06'beMa npo~HH. 9.14 IlpH C~eCTayroi.I.J;ef:l CHCTeMe npOH3BO,D;CTaCHHble npe,n;npiDITIDI ,D;OCTaa.IDIIOT ca010 npO,IzyK.IJ;HIO DOTpe6HTCIDIM Ha 6a3C 3apaHee COCTaBJieHHbiX DJiaHOB H nocpe,n;CTBOM MeXaHHCTH"'CCKOH CHCTCMbl pacnpe,n;eneuu. UeHhi 6a3HPYIOTC11 ua .}l{eCTKHX ¢opMYnax pactJeTa ce6ecTOHMOCTH If ucnonb3yroTcx DODPOCTY a Kal.JCCTae cpe,n;CTBa nepepacnpe,n;eneHHX CTOHMOCTH MC.}I{,Il;y npe,n;npugTIDIMH. He3aBHCHMOCTb a DpHWITHH peWCHHH Ha ypOBHe PYKOaO,D;HTCJieH OT,D;CJibHbiX npe,n;npmiTHH OrpaHH"'eHa TCK}'I.QHMH BODpOCaMH. IlOCKOJibK}' CHCTCMa pacnpe,n;eJICHIDI XapaKTCPH3YCTC11 orpOMHbiM KOJIH"'CCTBOM HeCOBepWCHCTB, Y.}I{C ,D;aBHO DOXaHJIC.sl TeHeao:A: pblHOK TOaapoa H ycnyr, a a OTCYTCTBHe PLIHO"'HOH 6aHKOaCKOH CHCTCMbi 3Ha'IHTeJILHa.sl iJaCTL 3TOI'O BTOpH"'HOro pblliKa OCHOBaHa Ha 6apTepe. :9Ta DPHMHTHBHasi CHCTCMa 06MeHa crJia,n;HJia HCKOTOpbiC H3 np06JieM CHa6JKCHIDI, xapaKTepHbiC ,D;IDI ,D;aHHOH CHCTCMbi, O,D;HaKO HHKOHM o6pa30M He )'MeHLwnna pa3pLIB MeJK.n;Y npou3ao,n;nTeJieM u noTpe6nTeneM, a TaK.}I{e ue cnoco6cTaoaana HanpaBJieHHIO KaDHTaJIOBJIO.}I{eHHfl B IIY.}I{Hble ccpepbl H DOBLlllleHHIO 3¢cPCKTHBHOCTH CHCTeMLI pacnpe,n;eneH:IUI. 9.15 Ha HblllelUHHX, Ha'laJibHbiX CTa,JJ;H.siX nepexo,n;a OT o;eHTpaJIH30BaHHOrO DJiaHHpOBaHH.sl K pblliOl.JHOMY npOH3aO,IJ,CTay npaBHTeJILCTaO CHH3HJIO caOH Tpe60BaHIDI B nnaue 06R3aTeJibHbiX DOCTaBOK qepe3 CHCTeMY DJiaHOabiX DOKa3aTeneff. 0,JUiaKO xapaKTepHbie )J;IDI HHcj>paCTPYKTYPbl c,u;ep.}I{HaaiOI.I.J;He cPaKTOPLI npo.u;oJDKaroT )J;effCTaoaaTL. HecMOTPR Ha STO, pa3anaaeTc.s~ HacTORI.I.J;Bff pLmoK c pLmO"'HLIMH o;eHaMH, KOTOpbm "'aCTHl.JHO ODHpaeTC.sl Ha auennaaoaoe npOH3aO,n;CTaO. DOJILWHHCTBO, ediH He ace npe,n;npiDITH.sl, 06XO~ cyw;ecTayrouzyro CHCTeM}' pact£eTOa t£epe3 3aKpbiTLie C"'eTa, OTKpbiBasi CBOH C06CTaeHHLie Mara3HHLI po3HH"'HOA ToproBJIH. 0)J;HaKO 3TH Mara3HHLI 3a"'aCTYIO .SJBJij[IOTC.sl npo,n;oJDKeHneM ace Toft .}l{e TeHeaof:l 3KOHOMHKH: 3a DOnyl.JeHHe TOproBLIX DJIOUJ;a.n;ef:l, KOTOpLie npHH~JIC)KaT a OCHOBHOM ropO,D;CKHM BnaCT.siM, npHXO.D;HTC.SI DJiaTHTL. 9.16 B CHJIY OTCYTCTami 6naronpWITHOA cpe,n;LI Ha nyTH pa3BHTIDI pblliKa C~eCTByroT OrpOMHLie npeiDITCTBIDI HHCTHT}'U;HOHHOrO DJiaHa. 110JIHOCTLIO OTCYTCTBYIOT COOC06CTBYIOI.I.J;He TOprOBJie ycnym, 3aKOHbl, HOpMaTHBbi, a TaK.}I{e MaTepnanLHLie H HHCTHTYD;HOHHLie HHcppaCTPYKTYPLI, KOTOPLie DpHHHMaiOTC.sl KaK ,o;oJDKHoe a pblliO"'HLIX 3KOHOMHKax. He cyw;ecTayeT ycTauoaneHHLIX npo~e,n;yp .D;IDI nonyqeum~ TOproaLrx DJIOw;a.u;eA. 0TCYTCTayroT TaJOKe H ODTOBhle PLlliKH. He CYI.I.J;eCTByeT H HaUHOHaJibHOA HJIH )J;aJKe pemonanLHLIX cncTeM nHcpopMaUHH o ueuax, KOTOPLie 6Lr c,n;enaJiu pLmOK npo3pa"'HLIM. Ecnu 6hl .n;aJKe H CYJI(eCTBOBaJIH ODTOaLie pbiHKH, CDOC06HOCTb arponpOMbiWJICHHOCTH nonyqaTb OT HHX npO,n;yKIJ;HIO 6LIJia 6LI, KaK y.}l{e YKa3LmaJIOCb aLWJe, a 3Ha"'HTeJILHOH Mepe OrpaHH"'eHa Hea03M0.}1{H0CTbiO DOny"'HTh ,D;OCTYD K ,neee}KHLIM pecypcaM. Bonee Toro, BHYTPeHHIDI ToproaJU£ ue paccMaTpnsanacL KaK c~ecTaeuuo aa.}I{Hasi H DOJie3Ha.sl 3KOHOMH't!eCKasi ,n;eRTeJibHOCTh, 'ITO npe,n;cTaBIDieT C060ff )J;OOOJIHUTeJibHOe npeD.siTCTBHe Ha nyTH pa3BHTIDI pLmKa. 9.17 HeCMOTp.sl Ha caoe K~eec.s~ DPOUBeTaHHe, KpeCThliHCKHe pblliKH p03HH"'HOii TOproBJIH a ropo,n;ax He MOryT 3aMeHHTb CeTb ODTOBOff TOproaJIH. DOnee TOrO, OHH ,D;OJDKHbi 6LIJIH 6LI CHa6.}1{aTLC.sl ODTOabiMH pbmKaMH. IlpOH3aO,n;CTaO a HH,D;HBH,IO'a.JILHOM CeKTOpe a HaCTO.sii.I.J;ee apeM.sl orpaHH"'CHO TeM, 'ITO  - 130- MO}I{eT 6LITL npo~auo ua ue6onLWOM pLmKe, npoCTpaHCT8a ,JlJIJI ~anLneAwero poCTa ue c~eCT8yeT. B03MO~OCTL pacwupeHWI npOH380~CTBa C DOMO~LIO COrnaweHHH 0 DOCTaBKaX C nepepa6aTLIBaiOUUIMH npe~pWITWlMH H ~pymMH KpynHbiMH DOicyiiaTeJll[MH, HaDPHMep, CeTJIMH CynepMapKeTa, 3aTpy,IUUieTCJI OTCYTCT8HeM 3aKOH08, KOTOpLie 6&1 perynHp08aJIH ~Of080pHLie OTHOWeHU H 3aCTaBmiJIH napmep08 co6nro~aTL csou o6J~3aTenLCT8a no ~oro80paM. 9.18 0TCYTCTBHe peanLHOH CHCTeMbl MapKeTHHra C03,D;aeT, B 'IaCTHOCTH, CJie.IIYIO~He npo6neMLC • llpOH380~CTBeHHLie npe,IUipiDITWI He MOryT npHCDOC06HTL CBOIO ~eJITeJILHOCTL H YCTaH08HTL D;eHbi Ha C80IO npO,IJ;yimHIO 8 COOT8eTCT8HH C }l{eJiaHIDIMH DOTpe6HTeiDI HJIH ,u;pymx napTHep08, DOCKOJibK)' OTCYTCT8yeT 06paTHasl CB}l3L C DOTpe6HTeJieM. • 11pOH380~CTBeHHble MOHODOJIHCTbl 83.JlY8aiOT CTOHMOCTL npO,DyKIJ;HH, nepeKna,D,LIBasl ee Ha DOTpe6HTeJll[. • He C~eCTByeT CTHMYJI<?8 ~ng C03~aHIDl ScPcPeKTHBHLIX ycnyr, KOTOpLie 6LI cnoco6CTBOBaJIH pacnpe~eJieHHIO npo~u. 8 'IaCTHoCTH, a,p;eKBaTHbiX cnCTeM XpaHeHIDI H TpaHCDOpTHpOBKH. • llOTepH npOAYKinfH COXpaHJIIOTCJI Ha BbiCOKOM ypOBHe, DOCKOJibK)' DPOH380,D;CTBO OCHOBaHO Ha KOJIH'IeCTBeHHLIX DOKa3aTeiDIX. 11pHOpHTeT OT,D;aeTCX 8bmOJIHeHHIO DJiaHa, a u;eHHOCTL TOI"O, 'ITO npe8LDIIaeT HOpM}', BeCLMa OrpaHH'IeHa. KaK npaBHJIO, Ka'IeCTBY ue npu~aeTc.K oco6oro 3Ha'IeHIDI. 9.19 BMeWaTeJILCT80 npaBHTeJILCT8a B TOproBJIIO BLIXOAHT 3a paMKH DpXMOro HaJIOro06JIOJKeHWI SKCDOpTa H BKJIIO\IaeT B ce()g TaiOKe CaM HMDOpT H SKCDOpT T08apOB. Me}I{,IzyllapO,IUiaJI TOpi"OBJij[ MO}I{eT BeCTHCL TOJILKO qepe3 rocy~apCTBeHHLie OpraHH3all;HH, H SKCOOpTepLI 06JI3aHLI DOJIY'IHTL JIHIJ;eH3HIO Ha npaoo TOproBaTL, H KpOMe TOro, \IT06LI npO~aTL CBOIO npO,IJ;yKIJ;HIO, ~OJDKHLI BOCDOJIL30B3TLC.H YCnyraMH D;eJIOro px.u;a nocpe~HHK08. 9.20 BapTep JIBJij[eTCJI BaJKHeHWHM MeXaHH3MOM 3cPcPeKTH8HOH MeJK,JzyHapO~HOA TOpi"OBJIH, DOCKOJILK)' BbiCOKHe HaJIOrH Ha SKCDOpT JIBJIJ[IOTCJI npemiTCT8IDlM Ha nyTH C~eJIOK B TBep~OA BaJIIOTe. ECJIH 3a 3KCDOpTHpyeMbiC T08apLI, KPOMe XJIODKa, ynnaqeuo B TBep.u;OA BaJIIOTe, e~HHaJI CTaBKa HaJIOra COCTaBJ'DieT 40 npou;eHT08. Bonee TOro, OHH 06JI3aHbi C~aBaTL \laCTL SKCDOPTHOA BLipyqKH. C ~pyroA CTOPOHLI, KOr~a TOBapLI SKCDOpTHpyroTCJI Ha YCJIOBIDIX 6apTepa, 3TOro 40-npou;eHTHOro HaJIOra Ha 3KCDOpT y~aeTCJI H36e:>KaTL H, 6onee TOro, SKCDOpTepLI MOryT onpe~eiDITL TOBapLI, KOTOPLie OHH XOTeJIH 6LI DOJIY'IHTL 8 06MeH, 6e3 He06XO.D;HMOCTH 06p~aTLC.SI 3a JIHD;eH3HeH Ha HMDOpT. 9.21 Hanoroo6noxceuue ToproBJIH xnonKoM gBJij[eTCJI oecLMa 3anyTaHHLIM. UeHLI aa xnonoK B CB060,lUIOii npO~a.>Ke onpe~eJll[IOTCJI B COOTBeTCTBHH C ypOBHeM u;eH, yCTaHaBJIHBaeMLIX Ha TooapuoA 6upxce TawKeHTa. nocKOJILK)' ~ 3KCDOpTa XJIOOKa ueo6XO,IUIMa 3KCDOPTHasl nuu;eH3WI, 8uyTpeuuue u;eHbi Ha Hero BCer,u;a HIDKe COOTBeTCTBYJO~HX Me.xc,JzyHapO,IUILIX u;eH (npe,D;CTaBJieHHLIX JIH8epnyJILCKHM HH,D;eKCOM). TaKHM o6pa30M, C 3KCOOpTep08 83HMaeTCJI npJ~MOA Ha.JIOr DO 3aHH}I{eHHOA 3KCDOPTHOA u;eue. llpH 83HMaHHH 3KCDOPTHLIX HaJIOrOB DP080,JUITCJI Pa3JIH'IHe Me.JK,Uy DJiaH08LIM DPOH380,D;CT80M, KOTOpOe KOHTPOJIHpyeTCJI npaonTenLCTBOM, u "c8060AULIM npoH380~CT80M". B 1992 ro,u;y uanor ua "c8o6o,IU~oe" npoH380~CTBO COCTaBJIJIJI 40 npo~eHT08 3KCDOpTHOA DOWJIHHbl Ha 20 npou;eHT08 OJiaHOBOro npOH3BO~CT8a, OCTaiO~erocg y KpeCTLJIH, H 20-npo~eHTHbW HaJIOr Ha 06'beM npO,JzyKI.l;HH, npe8LIWaiOIIJ;HA DJiaHOBLIA ypo8eHL. 3 Hanor ~~ llponc,Jzypa .IIBJUICTCJI 6oJICC CJIOJKBOit. 'ICt.f ODHC8BO B ~aBBOit rJI&BC. ECJIH 3KCDOPT COOTBeTCfBYCT CBCpXDJiaBOBOM)' upOH3BO~CTBy. 3KCDOpTCpY DOJI}"'8JOT 80 DPOUCBTOB DOCT)'IIJICBHH OT upo~aJK D TBCp~oA BBJIIOTC. a OCTBJibBYC 20 DPOU.CBTOB ~OJDKBhl 6h1Tb upo~aBbl ~CBTpaJibHOM)' 6aBK)' IIO 6Hp:JKCBOM)' oCSMCBBOM)' JCYPcy. ~ Toro. 'ITOCSL! 38 <NCT OCTaBWHXCJI BOCb~CCJITH upOU,CBTOB BaJIJOTBbiX DOCTyDJICBHH 38K)'DHTb TOB8pbl DO HMDOpT)', HMDOpTCp ~OJDIICOI VIIJIITHTb ,JJ;Ba,u;IJ.&THWITHIIPOUCBTBbiA BaJIOr 88 HMDOpT DO CSHPJKCBOM)' 06MCBBOM)' K)'pcy.  - 131- Ha KOHTpOJIHpyeMOO rocyJJ;apCTBOM IUiaHOBOe DpOH3BO.D;CTBO COCT&BmiOT 60 npO~OHTOB H B3HMaeTCJI uenocpeJJ;CTBeHHO MHBHCTOpcTBOM ~RR&RCOB. ToproBml DO 6&PTOPY B npeJJ;eJiax DJiaHOBOro DPOH3BOJJ;CTB8 DPOXOAHT 'lepe3 MHHBCTepcTIIO BBeWHHX SKOBOMJICIOCICIIX CU3eA, B 3KCDOPT xnODKa DO 6aPTePY ocso«So:z,u;aeTCJI OT scex SKCDOPTBLIX Huoroa. 9.22 Sonee TOro, DpOB380~ XJIODD JJ;OJaaiW BWDJia'IBBaTL BHLie DOm.1IHIILI, OCJIB OBB XOTJIT SKCDOPTHPOBaTh CBOIO DpO~. Oocpe,IUIBK B SKCDOJ)TBWX onepunmx DOJIY'IIeT 5 npo~eHTOB CTOHMOCTH SKCDOpTa, B TO BPOMJI IWt rocyJJ;aparaeiiiWe OPraBH3aiUDI OCBOfSOQOBW OT )'IIJIITLI C60pOB 3a BWM.'IY JIH~eH3BA. KpOMO TOro. DPOB3BO,IUiftJIB XJJODD AOJaCHW BWDJII'IIIB8TL pa30BLIA c6op B Pa3Mepe 10 TLICJill py6neA KOJIX03y H COBX03Y (20 TYCJ111 p)'(SJiel•• rocy.u;apCTBeHHOM)' )"lpeJK.D;eHHIO), eCJIB ORR OPraHB3)'IOT SKCDOPT X.IIOmca. DOBhiWEHHE .QOXO_rtHOCTH: DOJIHTHKA B OBJIACTH UEHOOBPA30BAHHJJ H DEPEPACDPE.QEJIEHHE PECYPCOB ME*JlY OTPACJUI.MH 9.23 npasHTeJIJ.CTBO YCTaHUJIHBaeT llORW HI COJD.CKOX03JIACTBeHJJyiO IIPO~IO B Be06XO,nBMLie ceJILCKOM}' X03JiitCTBY M8TePH8JILIIWO pecypcw H DOAilOPJICHBaeT HX DOcpeJJ;CTBOM rocy,u;apCTBeBHOro 3aK838, KOHTPOml Ba,u; CBCTOMOA pacnpe.u;eJIOBHJI, a T810Ke KOUTpOJIJI HaJJ; HMDOPTOM B SKCDOPTOM. B Y36eKHCTa&e ~eBbi BbiiiOJIWIIOT .u;se IWKIIOAWHO ~YHICllHH: OHH JIBJUIIOTCJI cpe.D;CTBOM OT'IeTBOCTH H MeXaHH3MOM nepepacnpeJJ;eJieBBJI JJ;OXOAOB MOZAV p83JIH'IHLIMB CO~IJILIWMH rpynnaMH. BcoOMOraTeJILHLie YCJIYI"H, uanpHMep, TpaHCDOPTHPOBKI H XpaHeHHe, TIICICO KOUTpOJIBp)'IOTCJI npaBHTeJILCTBOM. TaKHM o6p830M 6LIJia CBeJJ;eBa Ba He'J' rJiaBHU POJD.llOH IWt DOCTaBIIUIKI 06JQeA HHc!>OPMillHH 0 COCTOJIBBR PLIHKOB B MeXaHH3MI DO,D;a'IB CHnlaJIOB otS H3MOHOHUX B STOA otSJiaCTB. B CBJI)' 3TOI"' ~eHLI Ba MaTepHaJILHLIO pecypcw H ceJILCKOX03JIICTBeRHLie npo,IO'JtTLl B Y3CSeDCT8He Dp&K'I'H'IOCKB He OTpaJKaiOT BX .u;eci»HJUIT Ha OTe'IOCTBeHBOM pLDIKe HJIH QeHLI Ha 8RIJIOI'II'IJILIO TOB8PW Ha MOJKAYBapO,JUIOM pLDIKe. 9.24 Oci»Hinlam.HWO QOIILI &a cem.cKOX03JIICTBeRII)'IO DPOJO'lCQHIO 3Ha'IHTeJILHO HIDKe, 'leM o;eBLI Ha BuyrpeHHHX CB060,IUIYX PLIIIDX ( 6uapax) R HI MOZJO'IIIPOJJ;HOM pLOIKe, H JCOppeKTBpOBKI Oc!>HIUiaJILHLIX IJ;eH CJieJJ;YeT 3a B3MOROIDIDOI lliR Ra CB060JJ;HLIX PLIBK&X. AII&JIOI'II'IBWM 06pa30M O~RllBIJIJ.HWe lliRW 'na !: DOTpe6mleMWe COJIJ.CJCJIM X03JIICTBON Ta4DIIIla 9.1 pecypcw 3HI'IHT.eliJ.RO BRJKO li;eB YJ«Seacna: COOTBomene puao'IBYX Jt~ rocy.JW)c:ueiDIWX ~es: 1989-19921T. Me.xc,JzyHapOAJIOI"' pLIIIK&, B OBH HI BCel',ll& nepeCM8TPHB810TCJI B COOTBeTCTBHH C H3MeHeHBJIMH 06Ulero YPOBIIJI llOB. 30/12/89 30/12/90 30/12/91 2/9/92 BnOJIHe sepo•THO, 'ITO TIKOI BMeWaTOJIJ.CTBO DpBBttJIO K MOJIOKO 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.5 )&co 1.6 2.8 1.3 1.3 CYUleCTBOHHOMY nepeKOCY B Maao 1.1 2.3 2.2 2,5 pacnpeJJ;eJieHHB pecypcoa ('lero ae PaC'I'IITC&IIOC MICJIO B.Jl. s.~ 2.3 2,0 CJI)"IBJIOCJ. tiLl DPH 60Jiee JlHCSepUWION Caup B.~ B·A- 1,7 4.0 pelKBMO) H B CTPYKTYPO DOTp06JieBBJio a Pile 3.8 4.0 3,0 2.7 KapTotea 3.1 6.1 2,0 1.3 TaiOKe IC 3HI'IHTOJIWIOM)' DepeJIIIBY TOMITW 2,5 2.0 3.0 2.5 pecypCOB B3 COJILCKOro X03JIACTBa B . Bnorpu 3.0 2,5 2,5 2,1 OCTaJ!LHide OTpaCJIH SKOHOMHU. 'ld 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.5 Kote 1.3 1.5 1.6 a.~ 9.25 CyUleCTBe&HaJI pa3HBll& Baneaue 2.0 2.0 2.0 1 ... JIIDoa 1.5 2.3 2.5 2.0 MeJKPY 6a38pHLIMH R O~Bllllam.BWMB IOAU 2,0 1,.3 1.5 2.3 IJ;eHaMR OTpazaeT 3Ha'IBT8JIJ.BWe nepeKOCial B COJIIaCICOM XOUICTH Hnoua: O~eBB COTP,..o• JiaBU Bl OCIIOIIC ~ Y36eKHCTaua (eM. Ta6oio' 9.1). Yll:e a .._C'I'CpCTU cem.ccoro X03dCftL ceHTJI6pe 1992 r. CSa3aplllale Qelllal a 2-3 pa3a n:peBhUDUH KOHTPOliRpyeMWe  - 132- rocy,u;apCTBOM ~eHLI. 0,JUiaKO CJie,lzyeT OTMeTHTL. 'ITO C ,IJ;eKa6pg 1991 no CeHT.H6pL 1992IT. OTHOWeHHe ~eB 683apa K O<!>Jnn~aJibHLIM u;eHaM Ha 60JILWHHCTBO TOBapOB CHH3HJIOCb, "'TO 03Ha11aJIO }'MeHLWeHHe nepeKOCOB Ha BnyrpeHHHX PLIHKax 8 pe3yJILTaTe HX 'laCTH1JHO:A JIH6epaJIU3~HH• .0:aJILHe:AmHe WarH no JIH6epaJIB38QBB PLIHKOB ,IJ;OJDKHLI 6b1Tb npe,nnpHH.SITLI He TOJILKO ,IJ;U 06ecne'IeHIDl COOTBeTCTBYJOJ.IUIX CTHM}'JIOB ,u;ml pOCT& npOH3BO,IJ;CTBa, HO H ,IJ;JIJ[ TOI'O, 'IT06LI KOMneHCHpOBaTL KpeCTLHHaM ,IJ;aBJieHHe Ha HX ,IJ;OXO,IJ;bl, DOCKOJIIaiC)' paCXO,IJ;LI Ha HMnOpTHpyeMLie MaTepHaJILHLie pecypCLI (HCnOJIL3yeMLie 8 ceJILCKOM X0351ACTBe XHMHKaTLI B TOnJIHBO) oepeKJia,J~LIJUUOTCJl Ha KpeCTLSIH C u;eJILIO H36e.>KaTL ,IJ;aJILHe:Amero yxy,u;meHHJl COCTOJIIIBJI rocy,u;apCTBeHHLIX <!>HHaHeOB. AA.BJIEHHE HA ~OXO):Ui: UEHhl HA DPOAYKUJIIO H DOTPEBJI.REMhiE PECYPChl 9.26 B nepuo,u; e ,u;exa6pg 1989 no ceHT.K6pL 1992 r. noaLWieHne u;eu ua npo,IJ;YIClnUO ceJILCKOro X03JIACTBa H nOTpe()JIJ[eMLie HM peeypcLI KOJie6an:OeL Me.>K,lzy nOBLlllleHJ.IeM ~eH B 90 pa3 Ha KapTOcl>em. B B 7 Pa3 Ha cPPYKTLI ( 6ax'IeBLie H Jl6JIOKH); 8 TO .>Ke speW! POCT 6a3apHLIX ~eH BapLHpOBaJICJl OT 90-Kpamoro yseJIH11eHWI ua Maeno ,u;o 5-Kparnoro yoenuqeuu ua 6ax11eBLie. B 9TOT :xc:e nepuo,u; u;euLI Ha noTpe6ueMLie CeJILCKHM X03.SIACTBOM pecypCLI TaK.>Ke B03pOeJIH, oapLupyJleL OT 5-Kpamoro POCTa CTOHMOCTB sneKTposuepmu ,u;o 60-KpaTHOro pocra u;eu Ha MO'IeBHHY H 150-Kparnoro ua neCTHin~.nLL 9.27 CHH.>KeHHe ,IJ;OXO,IJ;HOCTH CeJILCKOI'O X03.HiieTBa XBJUieTe.SI CYID;eCTBeHHLIM, nOeKOJILKY pOCT D;eD Ba pJQJ; npO,u;yKTOB 6LIJI BLWie, 11eM aHaJIOrH'IHLm pOeT u;eu Ha nOTpe6UeMLie ,IJ;U HX npOH3BO,IJ;CTBa pecypCLI, Tor,u;a KaK a ,u;pymx cnyqa.s~x Ha6nro,u;aeTc.H o6paTHa.H KapTHHa. BeeLMa Tpy,u;uo onpe,u;enHTL a nonuoM o6t.eMe BJIHJlHHe YJCa3aHHOI'O H3MeHeHIDI u;eH Ha ,IJ;OXO,IJ;HOCTL CeJILCKOI'O X03.SI:ACTBa. 0,IUiaKO e KOHU:a 1991 H DO CeHT.H6pL 1992 IT. npaoHTeJILCTBO e}'IIl;eCTBeHHO yoeJIH11HJIO u;eHLI Ha peeypCLI, 8 pe3yJILTaTe 11ero ,IJ;OXOAUOCTL CeJILCKOI'O X03.SIACTBa ( onpe,u;eiDieMa.H KaK OTHOWeHHe JIH60 roey,u;apCTBeHHLIX u;eH K u;eHaM Ba DOTpe()JIJ[eMLie pecypeLI, JIH60 K 6a3apHLIM u;eHaM Ha noTpe6JUieMLie peeypCLI) CHH3HJiaeL. IJ;eHLI Ba npO,IJ;YKu;HIO pe3KO COKpaTHJIHCL no OTHOWeHHIO K u;eHaM Ha DOTpe6UeMLie peeypcLI; HHOr,u;a TaKOe Da.D;eHHe ,IJ;OXO,IJ;HJIO ,IJ;O 80-100 npou;eHTOB (Ta6JIHU:a 9.2) . .0:0XO,IJ;HOCTL CHH3HJiaeL ,u;a:xc:e C T011KH 3peBWI COOmOWeHBJI u;eu Ha npO.u;yKu;HIO H u;e11 Ha nOTpe6JUreM}'IO 9JieKTp09HepmiO ( OcPHD;HaJILHLie ~eHLI Ha KOTOpyro Be CJDIIDKOM B03pOeJIH); HeKJIIO'IeHIUIMH 8 9TOM OTHOWeHHH .SIBJUIIOTCX CeMeHa XJIOnKa, a TaK.>Ke JCYKYPY38. 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DOCTYDREHHR CPE~CrfB CEJibCKOMY XOJHRCTB~ CY6CH~HPOBAHHE DOTPEBJI.RE~ PECYPCOB 9.29 KaK H npe:xc:,u;e, np.s~Moe rocyAapCToeuuoe BMewaTeJILCTBO B cpopMHpooauue ~eu na CeJILCKOX03JlACTBeHHLie npO,u;yKTLI H He06XO,IJ;HMLie MaTepHaJILHLie peeypeLI IipHBO,IJ;HT K C~eCTBeHHOI pa3HH~e Me.>K,JJY u;enaMH BnyTpeuuero H MeJK,IzyHapo,u;uoro pLmKa. CaMLie npu6JIH3HTeJILHLie cpaaneRBJI DOKa3LWaiOT, 'ITO B nepHO,IJ; C 1989 no 1992 IT. BuyTpeHHHe u;eHLI Ha eeJILCitOX03JlACTBeHnyiO npO.JJYKiniiO CHWKaJIHeL B 3Ha11HTeJILHLIX pa3Mepax no epaoneuuro c Me)IQzyHapo,u;nLIMH u;enaMH (eM. Ta6nuu;y 9.3). 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MonoKo -upo,;zyKUHJI/pccypcw KYJCYPy3a- opo,DyKU,HJI/pecypcLI :ilJICKTPOBBCpriDI -31 :ilJICICTpO~JBCpi'H.II 100 A30TBLIC y~o6pcBHJI -81 A3oTBwc y~o6peBHJl -44 MJico - opo,DyKU,H.q/pecypcw XJIODKOBOC CCMJI - upo~pccypChl 3JICJITp03BCPI"HJJ -47 3JICICTp03BCpi"WW A3oTBLle y~o6pcBHJI -85 A30TBLIC y.no6peBHJI 136 -33 Pac - npo~pccypcw llweBHUa - upo~pccypcw 3JieKTpo~mepriDI -20 3JICICTp03BCprHJI A30TBblC y~o6peau -77 A30TBI>IC y~o6peBIL• 50 -58 KapTO~CJI& - upo~pecypcw Oacc - upo~pccypcLI 3JICJITp03BCpi1IJI 33 3JICKl'p03BCpnu AlOTBhiC y~o6pCBHJI -62 A3oTBwc y~o6pcBHJI -50 -58 ToMaThl- upo,IzyKIJ,HJI/pecypcw JIJOuepaa - upo~pccypcw 3JICJITp03BCprHJI 100 3JieKTpoBBepnu A30TBhiC y~o6peBHJI -44 A30TBLIC y~o6peau -1"' -76 BHBorp~- upo~pecypcw JI'IMCHh - opo~pecypcw 3JICJITp03BCpriDI -7 3JICKTp03BCprHJI A30THLIC y~o6peBHJI -74 A3oTBwe y~o6peBHJI 38 -61 JICSJioKH- opo,IzyKIJ,HJI/pecypcw 3JICJITp03BCprHJI -40 A30TBLIC y~o6peau -83 HCTO'IBHK: 0UCHKH COTPY,D;BHKOB BaBKa Ba OCBOBC ~8BBLIX MHBHCTCpCTBa CCJibCKOro X03JIHCTBa. flpHMC'I&BHC: ~CBLI BS upO,DyKU,HJO .IIBJIJIJOTCJI pLIBO'IBLIMH (683apBLIMH). 38 HCKJIJO'ICHHCM ~CB Ba XJIODOK. 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(MJia.~oJIJI.CmA) TpaHcnopTHpOBKa, KaK :u 6onLWHHCTBO - .. - ,D;pyr:ux T08apOB B y36eKCKOH 1. 3JieiCTpo:meprHJI (AriLT. :0) MJIH. KBT 14883 790 a. Opomeane 7121 380 3KOHOMHKe, cy6CH,D;HpyeTC.K B 6. C/x npoH3BO~CTBo 4574 243 3HaqHTeJILHLIX pa3Mepax. CTOHMOCTL B. )I{HJI~a/CCJibCKHC p-H 3188 167 TpaucnopTHPOBKH xnonKa no 2. ,lJ;H3CJibBOC TOWIHBO 1000T 1416 48 .JKene3HOH ,n;opore H3 TawKeHTa 8 3. AsTOM06HJibHLIH 6eB3HB 1000T 144 2 4. Mo'ltBHHa 1000 T 690 76 llpH6anTHKY COCTaBn.steT npH6JIH3HTeJILHO 9 ,D;OJIJiapOB 3a TOHny. HToro 916 B TO xe BpeM.st ,IJ;OCTaBKa O,D;HOH TOHHLI xnonKa H3 MeKcHKH B ,J:VKop,IOKHro H HCTO'IHHK: llo OUCBKaM COTpY,IJ;BHKOB IiaaKa. llpHMe'laHHe: Bee ueBLI ~aubl ua OKTJI6pb 1992 r. llocKOJibJCY opocHTeJibBBJI Kaponnuy B Coe,u;HHeHHLIX lliTaTax -- CHCTCMa noTpe6JIJleT saeprmo B t5oJibDlHX MllCDITat5ax (SOX aceA OKOJIO 165 ,n;onnapos. 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OTfOK ~MHAHCOBbiX PECYPCOB M3 CEJibCKOfO X03H'ACTBA 9.32 OKouqaTeJILHLIMH pe3yJILTaTaMH rocy,u;apCTaeuHoff nonHTHKH neuoo6pa30BaHIDl s o6naCTH npO,zyKll;HH H llOTpe6mreMLIX pecypcOB .stBJUUOTCK CJie,IcylOI.I.(He: (1) HMfJ.OpT H BlfYTpeHHee llOTpe6JleHHe TOBapOB, He npOH3BO,D;HMLIX B CTpaHe (uanpHMep, "''a.H H caxapa), cy6CH,D;HPYlOTC.st; (2) HMDOpT H BIJYTpeHHee llOTpe6JieHHe TOBapOB, KOTOPLie He npOH3BO,I(SITC.st B CTpaue (HanpHMep, 3epua), cy6CH,D;HpyroTC.st, HO HX npOH3BO,D;CTBO 06JiaraeTC.Sl HaJIOrOM; H (3) npOH3BO,D;CTBO TOBapOB, SKCllOpTHpyeMLIX CTprJIOfi (HanpHMep, XJIOnKa), 06JiaraeTC.st HaJIOI'OM, O,IJ;HaKO HX DOTpe6JieHBe cy6CH,IJ;HpyeTCX. 9.33 061.I.(Hii O'ITOK pecypcOB H3 CeJILCKOI'O X03.slfiCTBa COCTaBJUieT 1,5 MHJIJIHap,u;a ,ll;OJIJiapOB CillA, 113 KOTOpbiX 1,2 MHJIJIHap,D;a npHXO,tUITCX Ha XJIODOK. 3epHOBLie npe.n;cTaBJUUOT C060ff BTOpyro DO Pa3MepaM CTaTLIO uanoroo6no)({eHH.st, ouenusaeMYID B 200 MHJIJIHOHOB ,u;onnapos CIIIA, a 3a HHMH cne,xzyroT puc (81 MJIH ,IJ;OJIJiapOB) H KYKYPY3a (27 MJIH ,D;OJIJiapOB) (Ta6JIHD;a 9.5). 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XOT.SI B HaCTo.srmee BpeMSI TaKOR Dp03paqHOCTH He cyrn;eCTsyeT, apeH,n;a nonb3yeTc.sr nonyJI5lpHocThro, " no YTBep~eHIDIM COTPY.IUIHKOB MHHHCTepCTaa ceJILCKOro X03.siHCTna, a 1992 r. ohmo c,n;aHo B apeH,ny ,n;o 100 TLIC reKTapon 3eMnH.  -144- 9.61 KpeCTL.SIHe 6y,D;yT MaKCHMaJihHO HCDOJIL30BaTh 3eMeJILHLie yroALH TOJihKO 8 TOM CJIY11ae, eCJIH HX npaBa C06CTBeHHOCTH Ha 3eMJIIO 6y,JzyT 'leTKO OI'OBOpeHLI. 0,IUIH H3 B03MO.lKHhiX nyreA (nOJIHaJI npusaTH3au;IDI) noKa ue .n;onycKaeTc.sl rocy.n;apCTBOM. O.n;uoA H3 Pa3YMHLIX aJILTepnaTHB nonaoMacWTa6ooA nporpaMMe npusaTH3ar(HH .slBJij(eTc.sl o6~8JI CHCTeMa apeJmLI 3eMJIH. ,IVul ycnexa TaKOA nporpaMMLI He06XO,D;HMO, 'IT06LI KpeCTLSIHe HMeJIH BCe npaBa Ha HCDOJIL30BaHHe 3eMJIH, a TaiOKe CB060,Dy 8 BLI60pe ci>OpM opraHH3al~HH csoeli npOH3BO,D;CTBenuoA .n;enenLHOCTH. AauHaJiaJILTepoaTHBa yse.JIHtJHT ,u;oxo.n;LI rocy,u;apCTsa, TaKHM o6pa30M KOMDeHCHpyg DOTepro DOCTYDJieHHA OT OTMeHLI CHCTeMLI rocy.n;apCTBeHHLIX 3aKa308. 3-ra CHCTeMa .slBmleTC.sl 3KOHOMHtJeCKH 34><J>eKTHBHOA. lionee TOro, ,D;aHHaJI CHCTeMa C,D;eJiaeT ,D;IDI KpeCTLSIH KaDIITaJIOBJIO.>KeHH.sl E Y..JIYtiWeHHe KatJeCTBa 3eMeJIL H CeJILCKOX03XfiCTBeHHyiO TeXHHKY CTOJIL .>Ke npHBJieKaTeJILHbiMH, KaK H .BJIO.>KeHIDI 8 JKHJibe, 06ecnetJeHHe DpaBHJihHbiX CTHM}'JIOB ,D;Jlll DO,IUJ;ep.>KaHIDI H ynyqmeniDI KatJecTBa 3eMJIH urpaeT pemarouzyio poJIL B pa3BHTHH ceJILCKOro xo3xlicTBa B Y36eKHCTaHe. Bae,neuue cHCTeMLI apeHALI 3eMJIH c tJeTKO orosopeHHLIMH npaBaMH co6CTBeHHOCTH .n;oiDKHo npuseCTH K ynyqmeHHIO COCTO.slHIDI 3eMeJib, a TaK.>Ke K pOCTY DpOH3BO,Il;CTBa H 60Jiee 3¢¢eKTHBHOMY HCDCJlh30BaHHIO pecypcos. 9.62 llpasa ua ucnoJIL30BaHHe 3eMJIH ,u;oiDKHLI 6LITL c¢OPMYJIHposaHLI H 3a~u~enLI. Hau6onee oa,n;e.>KHOA ¢opMOA 3aiUHTLI OT npOH3BOJILHLlX H3MeHeHHli TaKHX npas CTaJIO 6LI tJeTKOe HX onpe,u;eneDHe, DOMe~eHHe ,D;OJcyMeHTOB, CO,D;ep}KaiiUIX STH npaBa, B OTKpLITLie AJijl rpax.n;au yqpe.}K,IJ;eHIDI H C03,ll;aHHe !OPH,D;HlleCKOro MeXaHH3Ma ,lVlll HX 3~HThi. 't{eTKOe onpe,u;eJieHHe npaB KpeCTL.slHCKHX X03.slACTB B omowemm C06CTBeHHOCTH yMeHbWHJIO 6LI BJiaCTL MecmoA a.u;MHHHCTPaiUIH H PYKOBO,D;HTeJieA X03XACTB, KOTOpLie MOcyT OKa3aTh conpoTHBJieaue H3Meneuuro CHCTeMLI npaB co6CTBeHHOCTH. PeweHHe npasuTeJILCTBa coxpaHHTh DOJIO.>KeHHe Be~eft:, aHaJIOrHtJHOe HLIHemoeA CHCTeMe, JIHWL C HeKOTOpOA BH,D;HMOCTLIO ee pe<J>opMHpOBaHIDI De 6y.n;eT CDOC06CTBOBaTL POCTY CeJILCKOX03.slACTBeHHOro npOH3BO,D;CTBa H nOBLlllleHHIO npOH3BO,D;HTeJILHOCTH Tpy.n;a. O,o;uax:o 3TO npuse,u;eT H K .u;ucKpe,u;HTau;HH pe¢opMLI, H K ocna6neuuro no.u..n;ep.>KKH ,u;pymx oac~o He06XO,D;HMLIX nepeMeH HaCeJieHWI. 9.63 Pacnpe~eJieHHe 3eMJJH. llo yrBep.>K,D;eHIDIM npaBHTe.JILCTBa, B 1990-92 IT. OHO pacnpe,u;eJIBJIO 350 TLIC ra 3eMJIH Me.>K,Izy KpeCThSIHCKHMH X03.slACTBaMH. XOT.sl TeopeTH'IeCKH npuyca.n;e6HLIA yqaCTOK nepe,u;aeTC.sl KpeCTL.slHHHY HaBe"'HO, Ha DpaKTHKe 3TOrO He npOHCXO,D;HT; HaDPHMep, eCJIH 3eMJlll De ucnonh3yeTc.sl a Tet~euue nepBLIX Tpex neT nocne ee nepe,u;a'IH, rocy.n;apCTso MOJKeT noTpe6osaTL ee B03Bpaw;eHIDI. Pa3Mep npuyca,u;e6HOro yqaCTKa KOJie6JieTC.sl OT 600 KB.M (B ropo.n;ax) ,11;0 2500 KB.M. B pa.Aoaax c HH3KOA nnomoCTLIO uaceneniDI. Cpe.n;uua pa3Mep npuyca.n;e6uoro yqaCTKa -- 2000 KB.M. 9.64 PeopraHH3agHJI X03JIHCTB. B TO BpeMj! KaK KOJIX03bl paCCMaTpHBaiOTC.sl KaK KOOnepaTHBLI, KOTOpLie He nOny'laiOT 6ro,u;.>KeTHLIX acCHrHOBaHHA, COBX03LI CtJHTaiOTC.sl KOpnop~HXMH II TaKHe accumosaHIDI noJI}"'aroT. Konxo3LI }')Ke HatJaJIH peopraaH3aiJ;HIO 'lepe3 npo~ecc ape~I 3eMJIH, KOTopu npe.o;OCTaBJllleTC.sl KaK OT,D;eJILHLIM KpeCTL.slHaM, TaK H rpynnaM KpeCTLSIH. ,npymMH CJIOBaMH, DpaBHTeJILCTBO CTpeMHTC.sl C03.D;aTL HaCTO.Sil~He KOOnepaTHB.LI HJIH aCCOinfar(HH X03.slACTB B PaMKax C~eCTBYJO~X KOJIX030B. B 6onee .n;onrocpO'IHOM nnaue c~eCToye'f ua.n;eJK,D;a, 'ITO ynpaBJienue X03.sl:ACTBOM 6y,u;eT nepexo,~UITL see B 60JILUieA Mepe K tJJieHaM aCCOIUiaiUfA, H 'ITO PYKOBO,D;HTeJIH KOJIX030B OCTauyTC.sl JIHWL B Ka'leCTBe PYKOBO,D;HTeJieA KOOnepaTHBOB no YCMOTpeHHIO HX lfJieHOB. 9.65 't{TO KacaeTC.sl COBX030B, npasHTeJILCTBO nepeCTaJIO npe,D;OCTaBJI.slTLHM 6IO,u;.>Kemble aCCHrHOBaDIIJI H npe,JUipHHHMaeT MepLI no HX npeo6pa30BaHHIO B KOJIX03LI. TaKHM 06pa30M, 300 COBX030B CTaJIH KOJIX03aMH, H npasHTeJILCTBO paCC'IHThiBaeT ,D;OCTH'IL }'Ka3aHDOA D;eJIH npeo6pa30BaHH.sl COBX030B B KOJIX03LI nOJIDOCTLIO B Te'leHHe 3-4 JieT. -145-  -146- Bpc3D9.4: •.• ,llHBEPCH~HKAUHH PACTEHHEBO,llCTBA H OOBblillEHHE YPO~RHOCTH XJIOOKOBO.l{CTBA 9.66 B paMKax 6Lmwero CoseTcKoro Coro3a noow;pxnacL pemonanLHaJI cnetn~aJIH38QIDI. l1epsooqepe,IUIOH 3a,IJ;atJeii cenLCKOro X03XHCTBa Y36eKHcTaua 6LIJIO so3,u;enLmauue xnonKa c TeM, 'IT06LI o6ecne1.JHTL caMocToXTeJILHOCTL CoseTcKoro Coro3a B 3TOM OTnoweHHH. CepLe3HLm nepeKoc B cenLCKOM X03.SIHCTBe Y36eKHCTaHa B CTOPOHY xnonKOBO,JJ;CTBa npHsen K ~eJIOMY px,zy OTpuu;aTeJILHLIX nocne,u;CTBH:A: (1) uey,u;OBJieTBOpHTeJILHLW ceB0060pOT, KOTOpLm HCTOID;HJI DJIO,D;OpO,JJ;He DO'IB; H (2) He,TJ;OCTaTO'IHOe BHHMaHHe K npOH3BO,JJ;CTBY npO,IzyKTOB DHTaHHX H Pa3BHTHIO HHcjlpaCTpyrryp nepepa6aTLIBarow;e:A npOMLIWJieHHOCTH, 'ITO BLI3BaJIO 3aBHCHMOCTL B 60JILWHX 06'LeMax OT HMDOpTa npO,IzyKTOB DHTaHHX. 9.67 C TeM, 'IT06LI CMXr'IHTL 3TH npo6neMLI, a 6LIBweM CoseTcKOM Coro3e 6LIJIH npHWITLI DJia.HLI DO DOCTeneHHOMY COKp~eHHIO DOCeBHLIX DJIOID;a,u;e:A DO,D; XJIODKOM B Y36eKHCTaHe ,D;O npH6JIH3BTeJILHO 1,6 MJIH ra, B TO .JKe BpeMX DO,IUJ;ep.JKHBa..sl ypOBeHL npOH3BO,D;CTBa 3a C'leT DOBLDDeHIDI ypO.xc.a:AHOCTH. B COOTBeTCTBHe B 3TO:A DOJIHTHKO:A DJIOID;a,IUI DO,D; XJIODKOM B Y36eKHCTaHe e.>Kero,u;no COKp~aJIHCL, B K 1987 r. OHH COCTaBHJIH 2,1 MJIH ra. B 1991 r. DO,D; XJIOUKOM 6LIJIO 3amiTO 1,72 MJIH ra, a DJIOJ.Qa,u;H B 1992 r. ou;euusaroTcx s 1,6 MJIH ra. Ypo.JKa:AuoCTL xnonKosoro ceMeHH yseJIH'IHnacL c 2,3 T/ra a 1987 r. ,u;o 2,7 T/ra B 1991 r., a npOH3BO,Il;CTBO ynaJIO C 4,9 ,D;O 4,6 MJIH T. 9.68 B uawu ;n;uu npasuTeJILCTBO Y36eKHCTaua MO.>KeT coKpaTHTL 3acesaeMLie xnonKOM nnow;a,u;~~ no CBOeMY YCMOTpen:mo. O,n;uaKO TaKax CTpaTerHX MO.JKeT DpHBeCTH K He}KeJiaTeJILHLIM DOCJie,D;CTBIDIM B DJiaHe cj)HHaHCOB H pecypCOB HHOCTPaHHOH BaJIIOTLI, XOTX yBeJIH'IeHHe ypO.JKaHHOCTH MO.JKeT KOMDeHCHpOBaTL CHIDKeHHe DOCT}'IIJieHH:A HHOCTPaHHOH BaJIIOTLI B pe3yJILTaTe COKpa~eHIDI DJIOID;a,IJ;e:A DO,JJ; XJIODKOM. KaKOBLI DOTeHD;HaJILHLie HCTO'IHHKH DOBLIWeHIDI ypOJKaHHOCTH B XJIODKOBO,Il;CTBe, KOTOpLie MOI'JIH 6LI CDOC06CTBOBaTL COKpaw;eHHIO DOCeBHLIX DJIOID;a,IJ;e:A H B TO .JKe BpeMX yBeJIH'IeHHIO npOH3BO,D;CTBa?  -147- KonKypeHTocnoco6uocn. ua MHpoawx pwuKax 9.69 llpu HLmeWHeM ypOBHe 06MeHHLIX JCYPCOB H HCKa.JKeHHLIX D;eH Ha DOTpe6IDieMLie pecypcLI y36eKCKHA XJIODOK MOJKeT KOHKYPHPOBaTb Ha Me.>K,DyHapO,D;HLIX pLmKax. 0,D;HaKO STa OTpaCJIL HCDLITLmaeT CYID;eCTBeHH}'IO uarpy3Jcy, Ha 'ITO YKa3LmaeT 3Ha"'HTeJILHasl pa3HHD;a Me)K,Izy ypoxaAHOCTLIO BLICOKOScPcllCKTHBHLIX H HH3KOScllcPeKTHBHLIX X0351ACTB ( 10 K 1) H OrpOMHLIMH cy6CH,IUUIMH Ha DOTpe6IDICMLIC OTpaCJILIO pecypCLI. llOCKOJILKY D;eHLI DOTpe6JI.SieMLIX pecypcOB ,D;OJDKH:bl 6LITL DOBLIWeHLI ,11;0 MeJK,IzyHapo,u;noro ypOBIDI, pg,u; CTOHMOCTHLIX npeHM}'meCTB XJIODKOBO,D;CTBa HClJe3nyT. XOT51 CTOHMOCTh pecypCOB COCTaBJIXeT 3HalJHTeJILHYIO "'aCTL DpOH3BO,D;CTBeHHLIX paCXO,D;OB (53 npou;eHTa), KOHJCYPCHTOCDOC06HOCTb XJIO!lKOBO,D;CTBa B Y36eKHCTaHe MOJKeT 6LITL COXpaueua, DOCKOJILKY DOBLIWeHHe D;eH Ha XJIODOK, yBeJIH"'eHHe ypOJKafiHOCTH H 60Jiee BLICOKasl ScllQlCKTHBHOCTb HCDOJIL30BaHIDl pecypCOB "'aCTH"'HO KOMneucupyroT DOBbl1lleHHe u;eu Ha DOTpe6IDieMLie pec.ypcLI. O,n:mlKO MOJKeT CJiyqHTLC.sl TaK, 'ITO HeKOTOPLie H3 Hes<t><t>eKTHBHL-IX XJIODKOBO,IJ;lieCKHX paAOHOB He CMOryT 60JICe KOHKYPHPOBaTL Ha pLmKax DOCJie TOro, KaK D;eHLI Ha pecypCLI 6y,JzyT YCTaHOBJieHLI Ha MHPOBOM YPOBHe. 9.70 llpOH3BO,D;CTBO XJIODKa ot5ecnetJHaaeTC.sl KBaJIHcPHUHPOBaHHOA pat)oqeA CHJIOA, KOTOPU paCDOJiaraeT 3HatJHTeJILHLIM ODLITOM B XJIODKOBO,D;CTBe H nepepa.60TKe XJIODKa. BLICTpOe fiOBLI1.DeHHe ScPclleKTHBHOCTH H pOCT OpOH3BO,D;CTBa BDOJIHC peaJILHLI. Y nyqWeHHe DOJIOJKeHIDI ,D;CJI B u;en.H,- o6ecne"'HB3IOID;eA DOCTYIIJieHHe XJIODKa C DOJieA Ha PLlliOK, MOJKeT 6LITL ,D;OCTHruyTO, CCJIH D03HTHBHLie nepeMeHLI 6y,u;yT HaKaDJIHBaTLC.Sl B K3)K,D;OM H3 3BeHLeB STOii u;enu. 3TH D03liTHBHLie nepeMeHLI MOryT 6LITL 06ecnetJeHLI 3a C"'eT HCDOJIL30BaHHX HOBLIX, 60Jiee ypoJKaAHLIX COPTOB CeMXH H DOBLIWCHH.sl KatJeCTBa OlJHCTKH DOCeBHOrO MaTepuana; ycTpa.HeHIDI OrpaHH"'eHHA Ha ,D;OCTYJI KpeCThllH K COBpeMeHHLIM MaTepHaJILHLIM pecypcaM, B KOTOpLIX OHH nyJK,D;aiOTC51; H 6onee 3cPcPCKTHBHOA peaJIH3aUHH XJIODKa. DoBwmeuae ypolKaiiuocra 9.71 B fiOCJIC,D;HHe ro,IUai ypOJKaA XJIODKa B CyMMe ,D;aBaJI B cpe,JUieM 850-890 Kr XJIODKOBOJIOKHa C reKTapa. P.si,JJ; opowaeMLIX patfOHOB B Klrrae ,u;aeT 900-1100 Kr BOJIOKHa C reKTapa, a B ABCTpaJIHH cpe,JUJHA ypoxaA COCTaBmleT 1554 Kr a/ra. TaKHM o6pa30M, Y36eKUCTaH B COCTO.SIHHH DOBbiCHTL 3cPclleKTHBHOCTL XJIODKOBO,D;CTBa C DOMO~LIO pa3yMHOro npHMeHeHHX COBpeMeHHLIX arpOTeXHH"'eCKHX MeTO,D;OB. S<t><t>eKTHBHOe HCDOJIL30BaHHe DOTpe6IDieMLIX pecypCOB XBmleTCll KJIIOlleBLIM MOMeHTOM B DOBLIWeHHH ypO}KWHOCTH XJIODKOBO,D;CTBa B Y36eKHCTaue. HLmeWH511l CTpYJ{TYpa OpOCHTeJILHLIX CHCTCM Ha ypOBHe X03liACTBa DPHBO,IUIT K tJpe3MepHOMY HCDOJIL30BaHHIO BOALI H 3aCOJieHHIO noqBLI, a TOT <l>aKT, 'ITO BO,D;HLie pecypcLI npe,u;oCTaBJDiiOTCll X0351ACTBaM 6ecnJiaTHO, He CTHMYJIHpyeT ScPcPeKTHBHOe HCDOJIL30BaHHe HMH STHX pecypcos. 9.72 B 1992 r. 6LmO pe3KO COKpaw;euo npHMeHeHHe neCTHUHAOB, O:OCKOJILKY Y36eKHCTaH BCDLITLIBaJI HC,1J;OCTaTOK 3apy6eJKHOA BaJIIOTLI ~ 3aKYI1KH He06XO,IUIMLIX neCTHUHAOB B nyJKHLIX 06'LeMax. 06ecneqeHHe DOCTaBOK COOTBeTCTBYIO~HX necTHD;B,D;OB B HYJK.HLIX 06'LeMax ,D;OJDKHO CDOC06CTBOBaTL DOBLDDeHHIO ScP<I>eKTHBHOCTH npOH3BO,D;CTBa H OOJiee HHTeHCHBHOMY HCDOJIL30BaHHIO MeTO,D;OB e,u;nuoA npOrpaMMLI DO 6opb()e C Bpe,u;nTeruiMH. KpOMe HCDOJib30BaHU.51 COOTBeTCTBYIOID;HX neCTHUB,D;OB, XJIODKOBO,I{'IeCKHe X031lACTBa Y36eKHCTaua,u;OJDKHbi onpo6osaTL ,u;pyme ceJILCKOX0351ACTBeHHLie xuMnKaTLI, uanpuMep, ynyqwenHLie BHALI peryiDITOpOB pOCTa H ,u;e<t>OJIHaHTOB. 9. 73 Scl><tleKTHBnoe ucnOJIL30Bauue y,no6peuuA Tpe6yeT peryiDipuoro onpe,u;eneuu xapaxTepHCTHK DO"'BLI Ha Ka}K,D;OM DOJie C TeM, 'IT06LI onpe,u;eJIHTL OllTHMaJILHLie KOJIU"'eCTBa KaJK,D;OfO TUna y,u;o6peuuA ,D;ID1 ,JJ;aHHOA K}'JILTYPLI. TaKa51 npaKTHKa pe,D;KO HCDOJIL3yeTC51 B Y36eKHCTaHe, O,IUJaKO OHa ,D;OJDKHa 6LITL DPHHXTa C TeM, 11T06LI DOBLICHTb ypO:>KaAHOCTL.  -148- KaqeCTBo oqaCTKH xnonxa 9. 7 4 Hau6onee HaC~HOff np06JieMOff 3,D;eCL JIBmleTCJI OlJHCTKa XJIOnKa OT 3Ha'IHTeJILHLIX KOJIH'IeCTB MYCOpa, co,u;ep>K~erocj[ B xnonKOBOM ceMeuu, co6pauHOM MawHHHLIM cnoco6oM. KOHTI1pOilb iJAa:Jiafocnal. HaxOW~UUfffCJI He Ha ,D;OIDKHOM ypOBHe, n03BOJIHJI 6LI DOBLICHTL Scf>cpeKTHBHOCTb O'IHCTKH H COXpaHHTL Ka'leCTBO xnonKOBOJIOKHa ua seeM npOTK>KeHHH npo[(ecca O'IHCTKH. CniDKenue Ka'leCTBa y36eKcKoro XJiomca BCJie,D;CTBHe yCTapeBWeff TeXHOJIOniH O'IHCTKH Be,D;eT K CHIDf{eHHIO ero D;eHiLI Ha 5-10 npou;eHTOB DO cpaBHeHHIO C XJIODKOM, nOCTYDaiO~HM 113 ,u;pymx HCTO'IHHKOB. Dpo~a)Ka xnonKa 9.75 HeO.xrn,D;aHHaJI nepe,u;aqa H3 MOCKBLI B TawKeHT OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH 3a npO,D;CUKH XJIOnKa, KOTOpL!A JiBmleTCJI BTOPLIM no 06'LeMaM SKCnOpTHLIM TOBapOM Ha MHPOBOM pLmKe, H B TO Xe BpeMSI Pa3.\lLIB KOHTpaKTOB C Tpa,r(HD;HOHHLIMH DOK}'llaTeJIJIMH DpHBeJIH K HeOnpe,u;eJieHHOCTH H xaocy. flpO,D;aJKa y36eKCKOro XJIOIIKa CTOJIKUyJIHCb C pj[,IJ;OM np06JieM B pe3yJILTaTe HeJICHOCTeff B TOM, 'ITO KacaeTC.K ero Ka'leCTBa, B 3a,IJ;epJKeK C DOCTaBKaMH. flOKa 3TH npo6JieMLI He 6y,u;yr yCTpaHeHLI, y36eKCKHff XJIOnOK, 3KCnOpTHpyeMLIA: Ha MHpOBOtf pLmOK, no BCeff B~HMOCTH, 6y,n;eT npo,u;aBaThCJI CO CKH,D;KOff OKOJIO 88 .D;OJIJiapOB 3a TOifHY, 'ITO B nepcneKTHBe COCTaBHT DOTepiO 48 MJIH .D;OJIJiapOB npH 3KCnOpTe. 9.76 HecooTBeTCTBHe ~ ~ y36eKcKoro xnonKa o6II\enpHIDITOMY P.• Me>K,DyHapo.u;uoff ToproBJie CTau,napzy npe.u;CTaBJI.SIJIO co6oA npeDJITCTBHe ero s<PcpeKTHBnoA npo,u;a>KH. BLIJia C03.D;aHa HOBaJI OpraHH3au;IDI (CH<l»XAT) C TeM, 'IT06bi npHBeCTH KJiaCCHcpHK~ Y36eKCKOro XJIOmca B COOTBeTCTBHe C Me.)K,lzyliapO.u;HbiMH CT~apTaMH.  fJlABA 10 3HEPrETHKA 10.1 Y36eKHCTaH pacnonaraeT 3HaqHTeJILHLIMH npupO,nHLIMH 3HepropecypcaMH, BKJIIoqu 6oJihUIHe 3anacbl npupo,JUioro ra3a, He$TB H yrJij(, o,JUiaKo OKa3aJIC.SI 8 ponu HMnopTepa 3Hepmu. Oco08HLIM HCTOqHHKOM 3HeprocHaOJKeHH.SI .SIBmieTC.SI npHpO,JUILm l"a3, KOTOpbm ooecneqHBaeT ,D;Be TpeTH nOTpefiHOCTeA Y36eirncTaHa a sueprocuaoxeHHH H KOTOpLm .SI8HJIC.SI npuqHuoA 6ypuoro 3KOHOMHllecKoro pa3BHTH.Sl ero Ha npOT.sDKeHHH HeCKOJILKHX DOCJie,D;HHX ,D;eC..siTHJieTHJt Y 30eKHCTaH 3aHHMaeT TpeTLe MeCTO no ~Ofib111e npupo,D;Horo raJa cpe,IU.f pecny6mtK 6Lmwero Co8eTcKoro Coro3a, ycT}'IIaH JIMWL Poccuu H TypKMeHHCTaHf. llpOH3BO,Il;CTBO raJa 8 1992 ro,uy COCTaBHJIO C8Llllle 42 MJip,D; IcyO. MeTpOB (tJTO 3KBH8aJieHTHO 34 MJIH TOHH HecPTH). Y36eKHCTaH TaKJKe 8XO.n;HT 8 .n;ec.srrKy KpynueffWHX ra30,D;OObiBaiO~HX CTpaH MHpa C 06'LeMOM ToproBJIH raJOM pasHbiM o6"LeMY ToprOBJIH ra30M HH.n;oHe3HH. B npoTnaononoJKHOCTh 3TOMf, .D;OOLitJa ue4>m B HaCTO..sii.qee BpeM..si HaxO~C.SI Ha HH3KOM YP08He, HeCMOTp.SI Ha 3HaqHTeJILHbm DOTeH~aJILHhle 803MOJKHOCTH 8 ,n;onrocpOliHOfl nepcneKTHBe. Y36eKHCTaH 8 HaCTO.si~ee BpeM..si HMIIOpTHpyeT CBblllle 60 npo~eHTOB noTpe6JI..sieMofl 8 pecny6JIHKe uec}>TH. Y36eirnCTaH TaJoKe HrpaeT 3HaliHTeJILHYIO ponL B Topro~e· 3neKTp03HepmeA B CpeAUeA A3HH, nocKOJILKY peruoHaJILHLm pacnpe.n;ennTenLHbrA ~eHTp uaxo,D;HTcx a TamKeHTe. Momuocrn no npOH3BO,D;CTBy sneKTposuepmB 3a nocne,IUJee ,u;ec..s~rnnente yaenHtJHJIHCL ua ,IUle TpeTH, H 8 aac·rox~ee apeMX o6ecnetiHBaiOT 6onee nonoBHIILI noTpe6uocTeff pemoua. 10.2 HeCMOTp.sr Ha 3Hal.UITeJILHOe y8eJIHtieHHe npOH380,D;CT8a raJaH 3JieKTp03HepmH 3a DOCJieAIJee 3a AeCJITHJieTHe, CTpeMHTeJILHOe yaeJIHtJeHHe BHyrpeHHero DOTpe6JieHIDl DpHBCJIO K COKpameHHIO 3KCDOpTIIOfi.D;OJIH DpHpOCTa 3HepronpOH3BO.D;CT8a, H B HaCTO.SIII(ee ape WI Y 30eKHCTaH KBJUieTC..si HMDOpTepOM snepmu. HMnopT ue<t>TH H aHTpauwra npeaocxo.u;HT sKcnopT npnpo.n;Horo ra3a H sneKTposuepmH. 3a nepuo,u; c 1980 ro,u;a no 1990 ro.n; sKcnopT npupo.u;uoro raJa coKpaTunc.sr ua 50 npou;eHTos. 3a 3TO JKe apeMH qHcn,m HMnopT suepmu yaenuquncx a l:leTLrpe pa3a. B nepeclleTe ua MHpOBhie pLrnO'IHLie n;eHLI, ~ecPIU,UIT D TOprOBJie SHepmefl B 1990 ro,uy COCTa.llHJI 1,1 MJip,u; .I(OJIJiapOB CillA. 0,D;HaKO, 8 1990-1992 IT. "PA~"TLIA HMIIOpT 3HepmH COKpaTHJIC.sl noqrn Ha 50 npou;eHTOB. 10.3 TeM ne MeHee cpe,IJ;HecpotiHhm nporno3 suepreTHqecKoro ceKTopa KaJKeTc.sr MHoroo6e~aiOuniM, npu ycJIOBHH, 'ITO 6y,o;eT npoae,u;eua s4>4>eKTHBHa.sr pe<PopMa ero. Y36eirnCTaH MoxeT npeapaTHTL ,o;e4>~ 8 TOproBJie 3Hepmeff B H36LITOK 8 KpaTKOCpOtiHOff nepcneKTHBe, H ,u;onrocpOliHOA nepcneKTHBe BHOBh npeapaTHTLC.SI 8 8aJKHeflwero sKcnopTepa suepmH. Hau6on:LwHfl npHpoCT O)KH,IJ;aeTcx a ,u;o6LNe ue4>m H ra3a. YBeJIHtJeHHe ,D;06bNH HecPTH C D;eJILIO COKp~eHIDI HMDOpTa ee MOJKeT HMeTL HeMe,D;JieHHOe nonoxrnTeJILHOe Bo3.u;effCTBHe Ha nnaTeJKHLm 6anauc 8 nepexo.n;Hoff nepuo,u;. OcuosuoA 3ap;aqeff B cpe,D;He- H .D;onrocpoqnoM nnaHe, a .n;ononueuue K pa3BHTBIO ue¢T..s~noro noTeau;ua..rra cTpaHbi, CTaHeT o6ecne11enue pbmKa ,D;JI..si 3KcnopTa H36LcroquoA .n;o6Ll'IH npupo.n;uoro ra3a. Tipe.n;nonaraeTc.si, qTo o6"LeM npupo.n;uoro rasa AID~ 3KcnopTa B cpe.nuecpoquofl nepcneKTHse 6y,o;eT 6onee 3Ha"'HTeJILHhiM, qeM 3annauepoaauo npaaHTeJILCTBOM (.n;O 30 MJip,u; IcyO. MeTpOB B 1996 ro.zy). 3TO .IJ;OJDKHO CTaTL pe3yJILTaTOM OJKH,D;aeMOI'O CHIDKeHH.SI BHyrpeHHero DOTpe6neHHJl. TI paBHTeJILCTBY HeOOXO,D;HMO }"ieCTL 3TO npH pa3pa6oTKe CTpaTerHH pe<t>opMLI. 10.4 BbmOJIHeHIDI 3Tofl cpe,D;Hecpoqoff 3a.n;aqu noTpe6yeT cocpe,n;oTotieHIDI ycunuA B Te'ieHHe DOCJieA}'IOilUIX DOJI}'TOpa JieT Ha Tpex OCHOBHbiX HanpaBJieHIDIX B 3HepreTHtieCKOM ceKTOpe. Bo-nepBbiX, He06XO.u;HMO paspaOOTaTL HHBeCTHIJ;HOHHYIO DOJIHTHKY .u;JI..si npHBJietJeHIDI BHeWHHX HHBeCTHIJ;HA B HecPT.smyiO DpOMbiWJieHHOCTL, BKJIIOqa.sr 3aKOHO,D;aTeJILCTBO OTHOCHTeJILHO HecPTXHOro CeKTopa H HaJIOI'08YIO nOJIHTHK)'. Bo-BTOpbiX, He06XO.u;HMO nepeCMOTpeTL n;eHbl H HaJIOm Ha 3HeproHOCHTeJIH C TeM, 'ITOObi DO,II.D;ep2KaTL STOT O,u;HH H3 BalKHeAWHX 9JieMeHTOB 3KOHOMHYJI Ha nepeXOAUOM 3Tane. 3Ta Mepa TaJOKe DOBLICHJI& fiLl 3aHHTepeCOBa.HHOCTL KOHetiHbiX DOTpe6HTeJieJl B ()onee 3cP<l>eKTHBHOM HCDOJIL30BaHHH 3Hepm~. H HaKOHeit BaJKHeAWHM SJieMeHTOM JIBru[eTcg CTpyxTypHa.sl pecj)OpMa SHepreTHtieCKOI"' CeKTopa; npe,JUipiDITBJI SHepreTH'IeCKOro CeKTOpa ,D;OJOKIILI 6LITL peopraH1i30BaHLI H ~OHHpOBaHbl C Q;eJILIO DOBLDUeiiiDl HX SKOHOMH'IeCKOA scpclleKTHBHOCTH H Pa3BHTH.SI DOTeHUHaJia 3TOI"' DpOH3BO~CTBeHHOro CeKTOpa.  -150- A. CTPYKTYPHA5l PE$0PMA: CYIUECTBYIOIUMI Ta~10.1 CTPYKTYP A OTP ACJIH Y!J6coCTaB: 9Bepi'CTJI1ICCK.1d 6umc (KIIB. TOHB JCliOilBOI'O TOimBJJa) llOTPEBHOCTif B 3HEPf'OPECYPCAX 1980 1985 1990 10.5 3KOHOMliKa Y36eKHCTaHa oona,n;aeT Oti~ee upoH3BO~CTBO 31,9 32,3 38,9 BDICOKHM ypOBHCM 3HeproeMKOCTH H HJ aero: COOTBCTCTByeT ypOBHIO IIOTpeOJICHIDl Ha ,IJ;ylliy BCci>Th 1,3 2,0 2,8 HaCeJieHIDI, CYI..QCCTBYJOII.J;CM}' B fpeD;HH, 1'83 27,9 27,7 32,9 lfTaJIIUi H HcnaHHH, npH 3HaqHTCJihHO oonee yrOJib 2,3 2,1 2,6 nep8H'IBaJI aiTCKTp03BCprwl 0,4 0,5 0.6 HH3KOM BHII. On 3aHHMaeT qeTsepToe MecTo cpe,n;H pecny6JIHK ohmrnero CCCP no 06~HH 'IHCThiH HMIIOPT 1,9 3,6 8,3 ITOTpeOJICHHIO 3HepmH. 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HHJKHe n;eHhi Ha 3HeprOHOCHTCJIH He CTHMYJIHpyiOT 3KcnopT 3JieKTpo::>aepnm 0,9 1,3 1,6 3aHHTepecOBaHHOCTb B OOJiee 3cpcpeKTHBHOM HMJiopT 1,1 1.2 1,4 tiHCTbiH HMIIOpT 0.2 -0,1 -Q.2 HCllOJih30BaHHH 3HeprHH, BKJ!fOl{rul BHe.n;peHHC 3Heproc6eperaroi..Qero OOOpy,D;OBaHIDl (B TOM 06~HC DOCTaBKH 33,8 35,9 47.2 qHcne 6LITOBhiX npuoopos) H TexHonornqecKHx H3 BHX: npou;eccos. MMeeTc.SI 3Hal.!HTeJILHhiil oect>Tb 11,3 11,5 12,9 1'83 19,3 21,1 30,1 DOTCH~HaJI .II;IDl CHIDKCHH.SI 3HeproeMKOCTH H yrOJib 2,6 2,9 3,7 DOSbiiiieHIDI 3cp¢eh':THBHOCTH HCfiOJIL30BaHH.SI I'H,lij)oanepiWi 0,4 0,5 0,4 3neprnH noTpeonTeiDIMH:. ,I(OJIH 8~08 TOWIHBa 10.6 KaK nOKa3aHo B Ta6mu~e 10.1, BCci>Tb 33X 32X 28X 1113 57X 59X 64X npHpO,IJ;Hhm raJ COCTaBIDieT OCHOBHYIO ,IJ;OJIIO yrOJib sx sx sx nepBHl-IHbiX 3HeprOHOCHTeJieii, KOTOpru£ B 1992 rH,IJJ>O- H reoTepMaJibBIUI 1X 1X 1X ro.zzy cocTaBHJia 6onee ,n;syx TpeTefi OT o6I..Qero 38Cpi"WW o6oeMa. TaKrur ,n;oiDI Hcnonh30BaHrur npHpO,D;HOrO raJa B 3KOHOMHKC .SIBJIRCTCS{ O,IJ;HOD HCTO'IHHKH: focKOMIIpOI'H03CTa'r. PaC'ICThl COTpY~HK08 BaBKa. H3 HaHBhiClliHX B MHpe, H OTpruKaeT TOT ¢aKT, 'ITO o6oeM nepBH'IHhiX sueprouocHTe.rren, HCDOJih3YCMbiX ,D;JI..SI Bbipa60TKH 3HeprnH H TCDJia, COCTaBIDICT OOJiee llOJIOBHHbi OOI..Qero OO'heMa nepsHqHLIX sueprouocHTenen, a TaiOKe TO, liTO uaceJieune noTpeoJI..SieT noqm 80 npon;euTOB npHpo,u;uoro I"a3a, noTpe6rureMoro uenocpe,n;cTseuuo. ~OIDI necpTH B ooi..QeM snepreTw~ecKOM 6anauce cpaBHHTeJILHO ueseJIHKa, OKOJIO 19 npou;eHTOB. YrOJIL H rH,n;p03HepriDI COCTaBIDIIOT OTHOCHTeJILHO HC3HaqHTeJILHLie ,IJ;OJIH (COOTBCTCTBCHHO 9 npOIJ;CHTOB H 1 npOIJ;eHT). 10.7 AeTaJILHhrn suepreTnqecKHn 6arrauc, OTpaxaroi..QHD TeH,IJ;eHD;HH noTpe6neurur sueprnH, cocTaBJISieTcH npaBHTeJILCTBOM KruK,D;bre IDITL ueT. nocne,u;nH~ H3 HHX 6LIJI no,u;roTOBJieu B 1990 r. KaK DOKa3aHO B TaOJIHD;e 10.2, B 1990 ro,xzy Ha ,IJ;OJIIO npOMbllliJieHHOCTH npHXO,JU~JiaCL O,IJ;Ha TpeTL OT OO~ero OO'heMa DOTpeOJijJCMOD B CTp&.He 3HeprnH, Ha ,IJ;OJIIO ceJihCKOro X035lfiCTBa -- HeMHOro 6onee 10 npon;eHTOB,  - 151- KOMM)'HaiThHoro ceKTopa -- 42 npo[(eHTa, H TpaHcnopT -- 15 npou;eHTOB. CenbCKOe xo3.sn1cTBO, Tat:Smn~a 10.2 HeCMOTp~ Ha He3HaquTeJihHYI0 ,D;OJIIO B o6meM Ot:SII\ee KoBe'laoe DOTPeiSJieaHe aaepreTH'IeCKHX cnpoce Ha 3Heprnro, noTpe6JllleT 30 npou;eHTOB pecypcoB B YJC5eKHCTaae 3JieKTp03Heprn:u (B OCHOBHOM ,IJ;Jlll HppHrmHH) H 20 HecPTH, HCITOJib3yeMOR He ,D;JIX Bbipa60TKH 1985 1990 3neKTp03HeprnH. KpoMe TOrO, OHO HCllOJib3yeT 06Il\CC KOBC'IBOC DOTpefSJICBlfC 28,6 32,0 3HaqHTeJihHOe KOJIHqecTBO npupo,II.Horo ra3a .n:nx 113 KoToporo: npOH3BO,D;CTBa y,n;oopeHHH. ae¢n. 7,7 8,5 ra3 9,8 11,0 10.8 Ha npoT.SDKeHHH 1980-x ro,u;os yroJib 1,1 1,7 MeKTpo~meplWI 3,7 4,2 noTpe6neHHe nepsuqHoA 3HeprHH B03pacTarro TCDJIO 6,1 6,5 eX<:ero,u;Ho s cpe,n.HeM Ha 4 npou;eHTa, npuqeM DpO'ICC 0.2 0,1 HaHOOllhlliHH npHpOCT OTMeqanc~ B CeJihCKOX03.KHCTBeHHOM HKOMMYJiaiThHOM CeKTOpaX. IlpOMbiDIJICBBOCTb 11,5 10,5 ae¢Tb 0,9 0,7 HaH6onee BhiCOKHMH TeMnaMH pocno noTpe6neHHe ra3 4,5 3,7 3HeprHH KOMMYHaJihHhiM ceKTOpOM B nepHO,II. yroJib 0.2 o.z Me)K,Dy 1985 H 1990 ro,n.aMH, yBeJIHlJHBruiCh llOlJTH 3JICKTp03Beprnx 2,1 2,4 Ha ,II.Be TpeTH. IlOTpeoJieHHe 3Hepnm B CeJihCKOM TCDJIO 3,7 3,2 X03~HCTBe B03POCJIO Ha O,II.HY IUIT}'IO, B TO Bpe~ DpO'lCC 0,1 0,1 KaK 3a 3TO .}Ke rurruneTHHfi nepuo,n. noTpeoneHHe CCJibcKoe xoJKHCTBO 3,0 3,6 3HeprHH npOMbilliJieHHOCThiO H TpaHCDOpTOM ae¢Tr. 1,5 1,7 cHH3HJIOCh ua 10 npo[(eHTOB. YquThmax ra3 0,3 0,2 yroJib 0,1 0,1 rJiaBeHCTByiOw;ee 3HaqeHHe KOMMyHaJihHOrO 3.1ICKTP03BeplWI 1,0 1,3 ceKTopa s 3HepreTHtiecKOM 6arrauce Y36eirncTaHa- 0,1 0,3 TeDJIO - COCTaBJISirow;ero HaHOOJihwyiO ,IJ;OJIIO cpe,IJ;H CTpaH DpO'ICC OhiBwero CCCP nonHTHKa u;eH H TpancnopT 5,8 5,2 CYOCH,II.HpOBaHHe SJieKTpOSHeprHH ,II.JI~ He¢Tb 4,5 5,0 KOMM}'HaiTbHOrO DOTpe6JieHIDI CTaHeT HaHOOJiee 1.2 0,1 ra3 BaJKHhiM BODpOCOM, CBj{3a.HHbiM C np06JieMOH yroJib 1,2 0,1 cnpoca ua SHeprnro. MCKTPOBBCprHJI 0,1 0,1 8,2 13,3 10.9 OJKH,u;aeTcx, tiTO en poe ua sueprnro s 0,8 1,5 Y36eKHCTaHe H coce,n.uux cTpaHax CHr ra3 3,8 6,7 3HaqHTeJihHO CHH3HTCX B TetieHHe HeCKOJibKHX yroJib 0,8 1,5 0,4 0,4 6niDKaiiliiHX neT. BHaqarre STO CHIDKeHHe 6y,u;eT TCWIO 2,3 3,1 Bbi3BaHO coKpaw;euueM o6'beMOB npOMbiWneHHoro 0,1 0,1 npotJee npOH3BO,IJ;CTBa H yxy,n.meHHeM o6w;ero 3KOHOMHqecKOrO DOJIO.}KeHH.K Ha HatfaJibHbiX 3Tanax .JJ:O.iiH lH1..Jl.OB TODJIHBa :tiecpTb Z7Y. 27X 3KOHOMHtfecKofi pe¢opMhi. B cpe.n.ne·- H 431. ra.:~ 341. ,u;onrocpoqHOM nnaHe na,n;eHHe cnpoca Ha 4X 51. yroJib 3HeprOHOCHTeJIH 6y,u;eT OTpa.}KaTh DOBblllleHHe 13X 13X OTHOCHTeJibHbiX u;eH Ha HHX, CTPYKTYPHYIO TCDJIO 21X 20X nepecTpOfiKy npe,u;npH.SITHfi, H DOBbillleHHe DpO'ICC lX lX 3¢cpeKTHBHOCTH 3HepronoTpe6neH~. Oxu,u;aeTcx, '!TO Hau6onomee HeramsHoe B03,u;efiCTBHe Ha cnpoc Ha 3HeprOHOCHTeJIH OKa.}KeT pe3KOe CHIDKeHHe BHY'fpeHHero cnpoca B 1992 H 1993 ro,n;ax. XOTil 2,7 npon;eHTa COOTBeTCTBeHHO 3a 1990-1991 npOH3BO,IJ,CTBO Hec}:lrn H ra3a npO,II.OJDKaeT ysem·rtnmaTbC.K ( 4,4 H IT.), 0)!lii~aeTC5T., l.!TO BizyTpeHHee ITOTpeoneH~-Ie 3HaqHTeJihHO CIIH3HTC.si. HacT05UII,H~ QTqeT BKJIIOqaeT nepcneKTHBlfYIO ou;eHKY cnpoca Ha nepsHqHYIO 3Hepmro, ocHoaamzyro Ha MaKp03KOHOMHqecKOM nporno3e (cMOTPH Ta6nHuy 10.3).  -152- Ta~10.3 llpHpOAHhiH raa Dpomo3apyewoe IIBJTPCBBCC uO'l'pe6neBBc aaepropecypcoa 10.10 II pH p o ~ H bi :H r a3 06'LCM .SIBJUieTC.SI BaxHeHWHM HCTOqHHKOM UOC'l'aBOK (lloKa:JaTeJIL 3a 1990 ro.u; • 100) BJIYTpeHHero npOH3BO,IJ;CTBa 3HeprnH. B 1990 r. B 1992 ro,ny ua npHpO,IUibm raJ (MJIB.TOBB 1992 1993 1994 1996 2000 npuwnocb 83 npon;euTa BlfYTpeuuero fCJI. TOWI.) npOH3BO,D;CTBa 3HeprnH, npH 06'beMe 3JICK"rpO~lBCPI1UI 10,7 93 84 74 59 52 ,D;OOblliH B 43 MJIP,D; KyO. MeTpOB. 3a ·~ npowe~ee ~ecwmneTHe ~ooLNa llepBH'IBLIC 3HCpfOBOCHTCJIH ra3a B03pOCJia Ha 20 npou;eHTOB, H He~TL 13,0 77 68 59 46 42 npo~oiDKan:a pacTH ua npoTK>KeHHH llpHpO,D;BLIH ra3 30,1 96 86 76 60 51 HeCKOJibKHX DOCJie~HHX JieT. YroJIL 3,7 93 85 70 50 42 3JICK1'P03HCprHJI H O,n;uaKO, ua cTapbiX MecTopoJK,D;eHH.SIX TCWIOBIUI 33CprHJI 0,4 120 130 140 160 200 npoH3BO,D;CTBO ObiCTpo n~aeT B CBX3H c ux npo,n;oiDKHTeJILHOfl pa3pa6oTKoff COBOK}'IIBLIA' cnpoc HI! H B O,D;HOM c.rryqae B CB.SI3H C IICpBINBLIC 47,2 91 82 72 58 51 3BeprOHOCHTCJIH 27,8 75 70 66 71 93 HeXBaTKOff COOTBeTCTBYIOI..Qero BBll (MJip.u;. ,D;oJIJiapos) KOMnpeccopuoro o6opy,n;osaHH.SI, cnoco6uoro <PYJIKD;HOHHposaTL a liCTO'IHHKH: rocKOMIIpOrB03CTaT H paC'IeTLJ COTpY,D;BHKOB DllBK&. cpe,u;e c BbiCOKHM co,n;ep)KaHHeM 3aMe'laBHC: llepBOHI!'I:aJibBLIC npOrB03bl UOTpCC5BOCTCA' B 3HCprHH OCHOB&.BY cepbi. B coOTBeTcTBHH c aa M.lf.KposKoBoMH'I:ecKoM no.u;xo.u;e, BKJIIO'ICBHOM B ,u;aaablll' OT'ICT. O.u;slliCo, BSXBO OTMCTHTL, 'iTO OT,D;e.!IbBLIC OTpaCJICBLIC }"'pe~CBHJI MOI')'T COCTilBJ!JITb cy~eCTBYIO~HMH nn:aHaMH CBOH nporB03LI HI! ,u;pyroA' OCHOBC. HaiipHMep. MHBHCTepCTBO O.>KH,u;aeTcx, qTo ~OObiqa ra3a 3JICKTpH~HKa~HH C'IHTaeT, 'ITO 3a nepHO.D; MC::>K,Izy' 1990 H 1993 IT. BBYTPCHBHA' ,D;OCTHnieT 45 MJip,rr; K}'O. MeTpOB B cnpoc )'IIa,D;CT npH6JIH3HTCJILBO Ba 10 npo~eBTOB, a 3aTeM CTaC5HJIH31fPYCTC•• 1993 rO,Dy, H 50 MJip,IJ; KyO. MeTpOB K 1995 ro,rzy. 10.11 Pa3se,n;aHHbie 3anacLI npHpo,n;uoro ra3a npO,IJ;OJDKaiOT paCTH, H Ha HatiaJIO 1993 ro,rr;a COCTaBJUIIOT Tafimllla 10.4 1883 MJip,IJ; KyO. MeTpOB, tiTO npH HbDieWHHX TeMnax ,D;06LitJH ToproBD upapo~ ra:JOif • Y36c:EJrc:TIBC ,n;oCTaTOtJHO ,rr;m1 sKcnnyaT~HH a Teqeuue 44 JieT. PoeT (HDP~ Ky6. IICTpOII) ,u;o6LI"'H npHpo,rr;uoro I'a3a a HaCTox~ee speMX c,n;epJKHsaeTcx B03MOJKHOCT.SIMH nepepaooTKH. HoBbie MeCTopo.>K,IJ;eHIDI 1980 1985 1990 1991 xapaKTepH3yroTcx BbiCOKHM co,rr;ep)KaHHeM cepbi, H ooJiee 90 npo~eHTOB BHOBb npoH3Be,n;euuoro ra3a TpeoyeT nepepaooTKH.' qHCTLIA' 3KCUOpT 15,8 6,4 4,2 3,8 B TO )Ke BpeM.SI nepepaoaTLIBaiOI.QHe MOIIUIOCTH fiOJIHOCTLIO ~CDOPT 19,5 11,0 10,8 10.8 3arpy)KeHLI. PoccHJI 13.4 3,9 o.s 0,5 TypKMCBHCTilB 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 10.12 B03pOCWHff BUyrpeHHHff cnpoc Ha ra3, a TaiOKe Kblpn.13CTilB 1,0 1,3 2,1 2,1 OTKpLrme KpynHLIX MeCTopo)K,IJ;euuff ra3a a TypKMeHHCTaue TII,D;)KHKHCTaB 1,1 1,4 1,8 1,9 npHBeJIO pe3KOMY COKpa~eHHIO 06'beMOB 3KCDOpTa Ka:JaxcTaB 3,8 4,2 5,9 6.2 Y30eKCKOro ra3a. qHCTbm 3KCDOpT raJa ynan: C 15,5 MJip~ Blmopor 3,9 4,6 6,6 7,0 K)'O. MeTpOB B 1980 ro,rr;y, BKJIIOtJa.SI 13,3 MJip,IJ; KyO. MeTpOB, Acj)raBHCTaB 2,4 2,4 0,0 o.o DOCTaBJieHHLIX B POCCHIO, ,IJ;O 4,2 MJip,D; KYO· MeTpOB B 1990 TypKMeBHCTaH 0,0 0,0 3.3 3.4 ropy, 6oJILwax qacTL KOToporo ObiJia noCTrumeua a cTpauLI E.D;Ima.Ji CHCTCMa ra30CBa6)KCHIDI 1,4 2,2 3,3 3,6 Cpe,n;ueff A3HH. B 1990 ro,rr;y KpynaeffwHMH HMnopTepaMH y3oeKcKoro raJa 51BHJIHCb Ka3axCTau, K.brprLI3CTaH H HCTO'IBHK: Y3C5CKBC~TCra3. Ta,IUKHKHCTau (eM. Taonux.zy 10.4). TpH tJeTsepTH sToro SKCDOpTa COCTaBHJI ra3, nepenpaBJUieMblff H3 TypKMeHHCTaHa. Ys6eKMCTaH MO.JKeT ,rr;oroaopHTLC.SI o nonyqeHHH oanroTuoff npn6LIJIH JIH6o no,n;nucan cornaweHIDI c  -153- esponeffcKHMH nmcynaTeiDIMH o npxMLIX noCTasKax, ecnu y.n;acTcx ysennt~HTL 3KcnopT s UeHTpaJihiiYIO CHCTeMY CHaO}KeHIDI H 3aKJIIOt{HTb ,D;OfOBOp C PoccHeff H .n;pymMH CTpaHaMH, t~epe3 TeppHTOPHIO KOTOPLIX OpOXO.J4S[T CHCTeMbl ra30IIpOBO,D;OB. 10.13 BLmo co3.n;auo o6'he,n;HnenHe Y3TPaHCra3, KOTopoe ynpas.JUieT e,D;Hnoil cHCTeMoff nuocna6JKeHHJI u YCTaHaBJIHBaeT TpaucnopTHLie Tapn¢LI H TPaH3HTHLie coopLI. Q)KH,naeTcx, t~To TPaH3HTHbie c6opw B 6JIIDKatfWeM 6y,rzymeM COCTaB.SiT 5-10 IIpOD;eHTOB OT D;eHbl TPaH3HTHOro rasa, H MOryT JIBHTL C060A 3Hat~HTeJILHLm HCTOt~HHK npu6LmeA rocy,u;apcTaa. B naCToxmee apeMJI TpaH3HT TYPKMeHHCTaHCKoro ra38 B POCCHifCK}'IO CHCTeMY qepe3 TeppHTOpHIO Y36eKHCTaHa ,D;OCTHraeT 06'beMa 60-70 MJip,D; Icy(). MeTpOB. 10.14 CHCTeMa rasonpOBO,D;OB TaiOKe B 3Hat~HTeJibHOA CTeneHH 3aBHCHT OT DOCTaBOK CTaJIIdiLIX l"a30nposo,D;HLIX Tpy6 H3 Poccuu H .n;pymx cTpau 6Lmwero CCCP. Passan Mexpecny6JIHKaHCKOA TOproBJIR OKa3aJI OTpun;aTeJibHOe BJIIDIHHe na B03MO.xrnocn DOJIYlleHHJI liX. KpoMe Toro, npH cymeCTBOBamm CCCP ra30B8Jt npOMbnDJieHHOCTh Y 30eKHCTaHa DOJIY'Ia.Jla OT MOCKBbl 30 MJIH ,IJ;OJIJiapOB Ha 3aKYJIKH o6opy,IJ;OBaBBJI, He06XOAHMOro ,IJ;IDI DO,Jl;,D;ep)KaHHJI H npO,D;OJDKeHHJI pa60Tbi. HexaaTKa HHOCTPaHHOff BaJIIOTLI 38TPYAWieT npuo6peTeHHe o6opy.n;osaHIDI H 3anacHLIX t~aCTeil, neo6xo,IJ;HMLIX ,D;Jll[ npose,u;eHHJI nporpaMM DJiaHOBO- npe,uynpe,IJ;HTeJibHOro o6cnyJKHaanHJI. 10.15 Cpe,IJ;H Tpex npoeKTOB, KOTOPLie XBJIJIIOTcx npuopuTeTHbiMH ,niDI npuBJiet~eHHJI HHOCTPaBIIWX HHBeCTH~Hil, Ba.JKHOe 3Hat~euue HMeeT pasaHTHe nepepa6aTbmaromero npe,u;npiDITIDl (CTpo~eroc.K a naCToxmee speMJI) s paAone mraHTCKOro illYTaHcKoro rasosoro MeCTopox,n;enrul (c HbmewnHM yposneM nepepa60TKH B 17 MJip,D; Icy6. MeTpOB). llpOH3BO,D;CTBO nOJIH3THJieHa ,D;OJDKHO ,IJ;OCTHtfb 300 TbiCJI11 TOBH B DOJIHDpODHJieHa -- 50 TbiCXtf TOHH. HeiJm. 10.16 B nepeo.n; c 1980 no 1990 ro.n; .n;o6Lrqa ne¢m B pecny6JIHKe y,IJ;Boenacb. 0.IUiaKO, AOCTHrBYB ypOBBJI 3,3 MJIB TOHH B 1992 ro.n;y, OHa IIpO,D;OJIJKaJia COCTaBJIJITb He3Hat~IITeJibHyro t~aCTb 3llepropecypCOS. npOH3BO,IJ;CTBO yseJIHtfHJIOCb C 2,8 ,D;O 3,3 MHJIJIHOHOB TOHH B fO,D; 3a nepHO,IJ; Me.JK,Izy 1990 H 1992 IT. YseJIHlleHHe ,u;o6Llt{H necllm rnasHLIM o6pasoM npOH30WJIO 3a ctieT ysenuqeoiDI ,u;o6blt{H ra:JOBOI'O KOtmencaTa, KOTOpLm s naCToxmee apeMJI coCTaBmleT 6onee nonoaHHLI o6mero o6'beMa ne<Pm. ,no6LI'Ia He<t>m IIPOHCXO,IJ;HT KaK B <l>epraHCKOiJ )l;OJIHHe (r,u;e HecPTh Hat~a.rra ,IJ;06LmaTbC.Si B 80-X I'O,D;ax DpOWJIOI'O CTOJieTml), TaK H B ra30HOCHOM paAone Ha rore pecny6JIHKH BOJIH3H TYPKMeHHCTaHCKOA rpaBHQLL flpB o6IQeM poCTe o6'heMOB .u;o6blt{H, na6mo,u;asweMc.si na npOT.sDKeHHH necKOJILKHX nocne,D;HHX neT, ,u;o6L111a r&3& Ha CTapLIX MeCTOpox,n;eHHJIX COKpanmaCL Ha 15 npou;eHTOB. 3TO OLIJIO Bbi3BaHO HeXBaTKOA ,IJ;06LIBaiO~ero o()opy,IJ;OBaHIDI H 3allaCHbiX t~aCTeiJ. 10.17 3a npowe,u;wee ,u;ec.srrnneTHe o6'heM pa3se,u;aunLrx 3anacos uecj>TB 3Bat~HTeJILHo B:bipOC, B B 1993 ro,u;y AOCTHf 3Hat~eHIDl 244 MJIH TOHH, tfTO COCTaBH110 OOJiee t~eM ,IUJyxKpaTHOe y&eJIHqeBRe, DpB KamrraJIOBJIO.lKeHHJIX s reonoropa3ae,u;KY nop11,I1;Ka 294 Mnp,u; py6neA. KpoMe Toro, OCT&IOTCJI Hepa3Be,D;aHHLIMH 3HatfHTeJibPbie DJIOma.IUf. H XOTJI nOTeHD;HaJILHLie 3aDaCbl yrJieBO,D;OpO,JJ,HLIX TODJIBB YCTYIJaiOT no csouM MacWTa6aM 3anacaM s ,u;pymx CTpauax pemoua, BKJIIoqu: Ka3axCTaH, .A3ep6aA.JCKaB H POCCHIO, Hepa3Be,IJ;aHHLie DOTeH~aJibHLie 3anaCbl, TeM He MeHee, npe,u;CTaBIDIK>TCJl 3Hat~HTeJibHLIMJI. EcJDr y.u;aCTCJI npHBJietfL ,IJ;OCTaTOt{IILie HHBeCTH~HH, Y36eKHCTaH CMO.>KeT yseJIHtfHTL ,IJ;06blt{f BecllTH, B B 6JIIDKatfWee BpeMJI nOJIHOCTbiO o6ecnet~HTb CBOH DOTpe6HOCTH B HecllTH, a B OT,IJ;aJieHHOA nepcneKTHBe CT&TL ee 9KCDOpTepOM. 10.18 B 1992 ro.n;y Y36eirnCTaH HMIIOpTHpOBaJI 5,5 MJIH TOHH HecllTH (3,7 MJIH TOHH CbipOA ne4mf B 1,9 MJIH TOHH HecPTenpO,tzyKTOB). Y36eKHCTaH TaiOKe nepepa6aTLmaeT HecllTb, DOCTaBJIJieM)'k# ~~ K.blprLI3CTaHa H Ta.rotrnKHCTaHa, H nOCTaBJJJieT B 3TH pecny6JIHKH npOnyKTLI nepepa60TKH Re4rnJ. fiOCKOJILK}' Y36eKHCTaH He HMeeT BbiXO,IJ;a K MOpiO H He pacnonaraeT aJILTepoaTHBHLIMH HCT0qJUU[8MJI HMIIOpTa, e,D;HHCTBeHHLIM IIOCTaBI.D;HKOM CLipOiJ HecPTH JIBJUieTCX POCCHJI (3a HCKJIIOtfeHHeM Be4rr&.  -154- DOCTaBruleMO:A Will nepepa60TKH H3 COCe,IUIHX pecny6JIHK). POCCHJI Ta.JOKe JlBJIJieTCJI OCHOBHbiM HCTO'IHHKOM BMDOpTa HecPTenpO,IzyKTOB, XOTa: 3Ha"'HTe1IhHaJl 'laCTb HX TaiOKe fiOCTaBJIJieTCa: H3 Ka3ax:CTaH8. 10.19 BLIJIH OTKPLITLI ,IU!a MeCTOPOQeHHJI HecPTH -- MHH6yJiaKCKOe MeCTOpOJK,D;eHHe 8 Cl>epraHCKOH ,u;on:ene u KoK,DyMymuc:cKoe MeCTopoJKAeHHe necbTH H ra30KOH,D;eHcaTa B6JIB3H rpaHHJ:Ud c TypKMeHBCTaBOM. ECJIH 6LI OHH 6LIJIH OCBOeHLI, 3TH ,IU!a MeCTOpO}K,JJ.eHIDl CMOrJIH 6LI 'lepe3 'leTLipe ro,u;a o6ecne'IHTL A06LI'IY BOCLMH MHJIJIHOHOB TOHH HecPTH. no C}'I.QCCTBYIO~HM nporn03aM TOJILKO KOIC,IJYMYJiaKCKOe MeCTOpO.xc:,u;eHHe ,D;OJDKHO npHHeCTH 4,3 MJIH TOHH uecJ>TH H KOH,D;eHCaTa 3a TpH ro,u;a. 3TH MeCTOpOJK,u;eHWI CJIO.xrnLIMH KaK C reOJIOrH'IeCKOH, TaK H C TeXHH'IeCKOA TO'IKH 3peHIDI. Hx pa3pa60TKa B 60JILWOH CTeneHH 3aBHCHT OT HMDOpTa o6opy,D;OBaHHJI H HCDOJIL30BaHHJI 3aDaAHOH TeXHOJIOrHH. nosTOMY npaBHTeJILCTBO np~aeT nepBOCTeneHHOe 3Ha"'eHHe npHBJie'leHHIO HHOCTpaHHLIX HliBeCTHUHA, 'IT06LI DOJIY'IHTL .IJ-OCTYJI He TOJILKO K 3aDa.JUIOMY KaDHTaJIY, HO TaiOKe K TeXHOJIOrHH H o6opy,D;OBaHHIO. 06a 3TH npOeKTa HaxO.u;a:TCJI B D;eHTpe BHHMaHHJI npaaHTeJILCTBa. noMHMO y.nyqweHIDI nnaTeJKHOro 6aJia.HCa, Pa3BHTHe 3THX MeCTOpO~eHHA Tal'OKe OCJia6HT 3aBHCHMOCTb Y36eKHCTaHa OT DOCTaBOK pOCCHACKOit HecpTH. 10.20 CorJiacuo pact~eTaM, 3aTpa'rLI ua ocaoeuue KOJCAYMYJiaKcKoro MeCTopoJK,D;eHIDI ,u;oJDKHid COCTaBHTL 200 MJIH ,D;OnJiapOB. B Te'leHHH Tpex JieT ,D;06LI'Ia HecPTH ,JJ;OJIJKHa ,D;OCTHmyTL 4,3 MJIH TOHH. OcBOeHHe MHH6yJiaKCKOrO MeCTOpOJK,D;eHIDI DOTpe6yeT HHBeCTHD;HA B pa3Mepe 15,9 MJip,u; py6Jieti H 210 MJIH ,D;OJIJiapOB. B Te'leHHe Tpex JieT A06LI'Ia AOJDKHa COCTaBHTL 1,5 MJIH TOHH. 10.21 llpaBHTeJibCTBO paCCMaTpBBaeT B03MOJKHOCTb cPHHaHcHpOBaHHJI 3TBX npoeKTOB 3a C'leT anyrpeuuux pe3epaos. O,u;uaKo ouo ,u;oiDKHo ~aTeJILHO B3BeCHTL. HacKOJILKO Pa3YMHLIM JIBJij(eTCJI HCDOJIL308aHHe OrpaHH'ieHHLIX BH}'TpeHHHX pecypCOB ,D;JIJI cPHHaHCHpOBaHHe TaKHX KaDHTaJIOeMKHX npOeKTOB DPH c~eCTBYIOUUIX 3KOHOMH'IeCKHX YCJIOBIDIX; 8MeCTO 3TOI'O DpaBHTeJILCTBO ,D;OJIJKHO DpH,IJ;aTL nepaoCTeneHHOe 3Hat~eHHe pa38HTHIO Heo6xo,u;uMoA HH8eCTHtn~OHHOA CTPYKTYPLI H oprauH3an;HOHHLIX B03MOJKHOCTefl ,D;JIJI AOCTIDKeHIDl COrJiaweHHA C HHOCTpaHHLIMH HHBeCTOpa.MH KaK AJIJI OC80eHHJI c~eCTBYIOJ..QHX MeCTOPOJKAeHH:A, TaK H AJIJI npose,u;euiDI AaJILHeAweA reOJIOI'OPa3BeAJCH. C 3TOA D;eJILIO Y36eKHecPTera3 DhiTaeTCJI npHBJie'IL HHOCTpaHHLIX HHBeCTOpOB B OCBOeHHe MHH6yJiaKCKOI'O B KoK,IzyMynaKcKoro MeCTopo.>K,D;eHHil. Ou TaiOKe nLn·aeTcJI pacwnpHTL Pa38C~Te11LHLie nJio~a,u;u AJIJI ,IJ;aJILHeflweA: pa38e,D;KH HecPTB H ra3a. C D;eJILIO 8LIXO,o;a Ha MeJK,DyHapO,D;HLW Hec2>Tguofl pLmOK npaBHTeJILCTBO npe,u;JiaraeT npO,D;a}K}' O,IJ;HHHa,IUJ;aTH 6JIOKOB, paCDOJIOJKeHHLIX 8 Tpex OCHOBHLIX necpTXHLIX 6acceAHax - <l>epraue, CapxaAH,u;apLe H YCTIOpTe 8 30He ApaJILCKOrO MOpX, Ha KOHKYPCHLIX TOprax. nJiaHHpyeTC.S: npoae,u;eHHe 8CTpeq AJIJI peKJiaMLI 3TOA npo,u;aJKH 8 XLIOCTOHe, Jlo~oue H TawKeHTe. 3JJeKTp03Hepnts 10.22 B 1991 ro,u;y 8 Y36eKHCTaHe 6Lmo BLipa6oTauo 54 TepaaaTT-'Iacoa 3JieKTposuepmu, 'ITO COCTaBIDICT 60Jiee DOJIOBHHLI BceA 3JieKTp03Hepmu, 8Lipa60TaHHOA 8 cpe,JUiea3HaTCKOM pemOHe. 74 npOIJ;eHTa 8Cefl 3JieKTp03HepmH 6LmO BLipa60TaHO 3a C1feT CJKHraHHJl DpHpO,IUIOI'O ra3a, 15 npo~eHTOB -- 3a C'leT HCDOJIL308aHHj( rH,IU)03HepmH, H 7 DpO~eHT08 -- 3a C'leT CJKHraHIDI JKHAKOro TODJIH8a H yrJIJI. H3- 3a DOBLDDeHHOI'O cnpoca Ha DPHPO,D;HLW ra3, a TaiOKe He,D;OCTaTO'IHLIX MOUUIOCTel DO xpaueHHIO H nepepa60TKe DpHpO,IUIOI'O ra3a, TeDJI08Lie CTaHD;HH, KOTOPLie MOryT pa60TaTL KaK Ha JKH,J:UCOM TODJIHBe, TaK H Ha ra3e, 8~eHLI B 3HMHee BpeMJI HCDOJIL308aTL JKH,u;KOe TODJIHBO. 10.23 !9JieKTpOCTaH~HH DOA,D;epJKHBaiOTCJI B OTHOCHTe1IhHO y,u;OBJieT80pHTeJILHOM COCTOa:HHH, O,IUiaKO He06XOAHMO OTMeTHTL cepLe3HLie DpOfSJieMLI, CB113aHHLie C DOCTaBKaMH H ~eHaMH Ha 3aDaCHLie 'laCTH, DOnyqaeMLie 60Jiee t~eM OT 300 DOCTaBI.IUIKOB. :SOJILWHHCTBO DOCTaBII.lHK08 HaxO,u;srrCa: 8 CTpauax 6LIBwero CCCP. O,u;HaKO 'laCTL DOCTaBOK oc~eCTBJij(eTCJI H3 BoJirapHH, repMaHHH, "qexHH, CJIOBaKHH, BeHrpHH, H noJILWH. B 1991 ro,tzy cpe,D;HHH DOKa3aTeJIL 3arpyJKeHHOCTH CTaHD;HA COCTaBJUIJI 57 npo~eHTOB, 0,1UiaKO YCJI08WI DPOH3BO,IJ;CTBa SJieKTp03HepmH MOryT pe3KO yxy,D;WHTLCJI, eCJIH He 6y,tzyT CpO'IRO pemeHLI 80DpOCLI npe,u;oCTaBJienu KanHTana ,nng 3aKyJIOK 3anacHLIX t~aCTeA H o6opy,u;o8aHHJI.  -155- 10.24 <I>HHaHC080e DOJIOJKeHHe B 3HepreTH"CJeCKOA OTp8CJIH npO,D;OJDKaeT yxy,u;maTLCJI BCJie,D;CTBHe B03pOCWHX 38TpaT Ha CLipLe H KOHTpOJIJI 38 TapHci>aMH Ha 9JieKTp09HepmiO. liT06LI npe;t(OTBpaTHTL <i>HHaHCOBLm KPH3HC 8 OTpacJIH H DOJIHLIA pa3B8JI 9HeprocnatS.x<:eHWl, DPaBHTeJILCT80 11;0JDKHO HeMe,U:JieHHO np08eCTH DOBLWJeHHe TapH4>0B. KpoMe TOro, nporpaMMa HHBeCTHIUIA 8 9HepreTH'IeCKHA ceKTOP ,D;OJDKHa 6LITL COKpa~eHa ,11;0 pa3fMHLIX npe,D;eJI08, H ,D;OJDKHa 6LITL HaDpaBJieHa 8 OCH08HOM Ha 80CCTaHOBJieHHe, nepeo6opyp;08aHHe C~eCTB}'IOUUIX MOUUIOCTetf H DOBLIWeHHe s<t><t>eKTHBHOCTH KOHe"CJHOro HCDOJib308aHIUI SJieKTp09HepmH. 10.25 3annanHp08aHO CTpoHTem.crso sneKTpOCTaHinJH c "CJeTblpLMR: sneprotSnoKaMH s Tan:LIMapLKBe Ha rore CTP8HLI. CuatSJKeHHe 9TOA CTaHIUIH DpHpO,u;HLIM ra30M Ha npOTJIJKeHHH 3HMHero nepuo,u;a He ()y.u;eT orpauuqeuo, TaK KaK CTamnDf cnpoeKTHpo8aua TaKHM o6pa30M, "CJT06hl ucnoJib3o8an. nenepepatSoTaBBLIA npHpo,u;nLIA ra3 ( c co,u;ep:xcanueM cepw 0,5 npou;eBTa), ,u;otSLIBaeMLIA ua pacnonolKeHHOM no6JIH30CTH MeCTOpOJK,D;eHHH. lf3-3a 3H811H'l'eJILHOro DOBLDUeHU u;en Ha o(')opy,D;OBaHHe Be,D;eTCJI CTPOHTeJILCTBO TOJILKO O,IJ;HOrO 6JIOKa. 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"CJ&CTHOro cOBMeCTHoro npe.JUlpBJITWI.  -156- OPfAHIIJAQHOHHAfl CTPYKTYPA 10.30 ~e.SITeJihHOCTb SHepreTHtJeeKOrO eeKTopa OXBaTbmaeT HeeKOJILKO MHHHCTepCTB, 06DeAHHemd H KOHIJ;epHOB, KOTOpbie He HMeiOT qeTKOro paenpe,n;eJieHIDI cPYHKIUiff H 06JI3aHHOCTeff. KOHQepBLI npe,n;eTaBIDIIOT eoooff KpynHbie MOHOnOJILHhie CTpyxTypbi, KOTOphie, nOMHMO OeHOBHOff ,D;eJITeJILHOCTB, BomonH.SiroT px,n; no6otJHhiX npoH3BO,n;CTBeHHLIX uenea. Pa3,n;po6neuuag opraHH3aiUfOHHU crpyrrypa 3HaqHTeJihHO OeJIO.>KH.SieT KOOp,ll;HHal(HIO OTpaeJieBOff nOJIHTHKH H HanpaBJieHHfi ,D;e.SITeJILHOCTH. 10.31 MHHHeTepeTBO SHepreTHKH H SJieKTpHcpHKaiUfH (C 06~HM WTaTOM 50 TbiC tJeJIOBeK) OTBellaeT 3a SHepreTHtJeeKHff eeKTOp SKOHOMHKH. Bee OCTaJihHLie KOHIJ;epHhi no npOH3BO,D;CTBY SHepmH OPraHH30BaHLI B oT,n;enLHhre o6'be,IJ;HHeHIDI, no,n;oTtieTHhre uenoepe.n;CTBeHHO Ka6Hnezy MHHHCTpos. 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KocaeHHLie cy6cH.u;BB TaiOKe 3HaqHTeJILHO B03POCJIH, H, DO HeKOTOpLIM nO,IJ;ClleTaM, ,D;OCTRrJIH 52 MJip,D; py6neff. fiOCKOJILKY Ba CeJILCKOe X0351ACTBO H KOMM}'HaJihHhm ceKTOp Y36eKHCTaHa npBXO,D;HTCJI 3RatiHTeJibHO 60JILWU ,nOJUI OT BCeA !/ B COOTBCTCTBHH CliOCTSBOBJICHHCM Kai5HBCT8 MHBHCTpOB "0 rocy~apCTBCBBOMpCI)'JIIfPOBa.BHH ~CB B8 IBCproBOCBTCJIH" OT 16 OKTJII5p.ll1992 ro~a 15blJIH 3B8'1HTCJib90 fBeJIH'ICBI.I cyi5CJWIH ~ ~OMOX030CTBCBBOro CCKTOpa. np.IIMLIC 15JO~CTBLIC cy&Jwor rrpOH3BO~CJX.JrM 3BCprHH )UUi KOMIICBCIW,HU P83B~&I MCJKJJY npoH3BO~CTBCBBI.IMH 38TJ)8TilMH H ~CBilMH B8 8BCproBOCBTeJDI ~ BSCeJICHHJI Bblf~eJIH CJIC;zyJO~HM o6pa30M! 3JICKTp03BCpf'HJI -- 1,89 py«SJJ. 38 1 KBT/'IaC, npHpOAIJI.Ifll'll3 -- 299,4 pydu 3& 1 Q6. MCT}), CJKIDKCHHI.IH HC~TCf83 -- 9,74 py6JIJI 38 1 Kr, YfOJib -- 1589 pyi5Jicfl 3a 1 TOBB)', H OTODJICBHC -- 1269,5 pytiu 38 1 I'HrllKaJIOpHlO. 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UeuLr ua sueprouocHTeJIH ,u;ru1 KOMMYHaJILnoro ceKTopa, npe,u;npH.SITHA oow:ecTBeuuoro ceKTopa H cen&eKOX03.SIACTaeuuoro ceKTopa, a TaK}Ke Bee n;eu&I ua np:npo,u;HLIA ra3 yCTaHaBJIHBaroTe.s~ Ka6:nueTOM MHHHCTPOB (no peKoMen,u;an;IDIM KoMHTeTa no :u;euaM np:n MHHHCTepCTBe ct>:nuaucoa) u Koun;epnaMH suepremqecKoro ceKTopa. 3TH n;eHLI o6LNHO yCTaHaBJIH8aroTe.sl u:mKe ypoBH.sl 3aTpaT ua npo:n3ao,u;cTBO HJIH BMnopT. UeH&I ua np:npo,u;u&m ra3 yCTauaBJIHBaiOTC.SI ua ypoaue, 3Ha'IHTeJILHO OOJiee HU3KOM YPOBHe, 'leM OnTHMaJILHbrH ~OXO,D; OT SKCnOpTa. 10.38 B&m:n yCTauoBJieH&I npe,u;enLu&re n;euLI ua sneKTposuepmro H Tenno ,D;IDI npoMLIIIIJieHHOCTH c n;enLIO nOJIHOro B03Me~eHIDI npOH3BO,D;CTBeHHbiX 3aTpaT, C yqeTOM cy6CH.u;HA ,D;IDI KOMMfHaJibHOro CeKTOpa. Ha npaKTHKe, O,u;HaKO, 3TH npe,u;eJILHLie D;eHLI OKa3aJIHCb HeScl>cl>eKTHBHLIMH, H 6IO,IJ;}KemLie cy()e~ B 1992 ro,u;y 3Ha'IHTeJILHO B03POCJIH. 10.39 ~eua cppauKo-nepepa6aThmarow:ee npe,u;npmrme ua uecpTenpo,u;yKTLI onpe,u;eueTcJI ua ocuose 3aTpaT ua .u;o6Lrqy cLipoA uecpm, TpaucnopTHpoax:y2, nnroc 3aTpaTLI ua nepepa6oTKY H npn6LIJIL, yCTauoBJieuuyro 8 p33Mepe 30 npon;eHTOB. 0DTOBLie H p03HH'IHLie u;enLI onpe,u;eMIOTC.sl c yqeTOM 38TpaT Ha npOH380,D;CT80, TpaucnOpTHpOBKY DJIIOC ,D;OXO.D; B Pa3Mepe ,D;O 40 npon;eHT08 (6e3 yqeTa CTOHMOCTH uecpTenpO,n;yKTa). Ueua ua 6eH3HH .siBJI.sleTc.sl HCKJIIO'leHHeM; no cocTOJIHHIO ua HIOJIL 1993 ro.u;a OHH nO,tUJ;ep:xrnBaJIHCb Ha YPOBHe 100 py6ne:A 3a JIHTp.  • 158. Ta«S.JiHQI 10.5 Y3CScoc:Taa: IJ.cau aa aocprouocHTeJJH Jlaa. HJOBb CeBT. OKT. Jlaa. HJOBb H10D1t Poccu BloT Mapoaoa BlOT 1991 1992 1992 1992 1992 1993 1993 1993 1993 poc:c:KtcKHX PWBOIIC MHpOILIX ~CB nco Cwpu BC4ma(py6/T) • DpOH3JOAHTCJib 80 350 824 824 8937 28415 46000 46000 1 35000 131 1122007 41 • HMDOpT H3 CHr 80 448 2800 7600 15000 554633 848253 137020 110000 125 112200 122 506004 707004 106500 Hetnupo~ (py6/T~ ~aaEo·actTeDepa6aT. DPCAIIPHftHC • 6eB3HB 95 1057 4728 10066 52529 69738 101567 128491 70000 184 1938008 66 • ,1013. 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OTP&CJIH 3,50 4,70 23,5 DpOMhiDlnCBBOCTH 0,064 0,34 0,34 0,34 3,50 2,06 2,80 14 0,32 4375 - c:e.na.cK. xouacra 0,02 0,02 0,02 0,02 2,06 2,06 2,80 1 - app~u 0,02 0,10 0610 0,10 1,03 1,03 1,40 1 0,32 313 72,42 · IICOMM)'BIJibBOC X030CTBO 0.04 0,04 0,08 0,20 0,40 0,40 1,00 Yrona. · opOH310AHTCJib 31 235 1400 2200 950 2883 4835 40006 20400 · DpOMhiWJlCBBOCI'b 31 192 192 357 1211 2883 4835 14880 40800 10 37 • ICOMM)'BUJ.BOC X030c:TBO 11 30 30 500 700 200 4000 6000 Hc:To11BHKH: ~caw a Y:;lkKHc:Taae: KoMHTcT DO ~co&N MHBec:Tepc:TBa ct»HBaocoa. ~cow B Pocc:aa: 3~eoao~cc:ICHA MCMDPIBAYM Bc:cMHpooro BaaKa no PocclfflcKot cl>c,l(epanHH. MapOBLIC neolol: ~COLI H B&JIOI'H Ba IBCpro&OCHTCJIH lEA, 1991 fO,I(. 11 Cpe.u;oee DOJIY11CBBLIX AaBBLIX 30000-40000. 6/ ~eoa AO na6ep&JIH:Jal(HH, ncaa CSLI.lia naCSepanHJoaaaa ac.I(aaao, AaBBWX DO TC~CNY ypoaaJO ae h"MCCTU. 21 Cpc,u;oce DOJIY11CBBLIX AIBBLIX 100 ·150. 71 Cpep;ace B3.1TO H3 DOJIY11CBHbiX ,1(8BBLIX 100-120 AOJIJI&pol (cp():S - qepaoc Mope). 3/ YKpaHBa. 8/ CH.P- Eapooa. 4/ BuJO'IU auor, 9000 6e3 auora. 9! cPO:S- 3aDap;au EapoDa. 5/ HCUIO'!IU BIJIOI'' 2400 c: BIJIOfOM. 10/ DpHCSaJITHKa.  -159- 10.40 ,no OKT.SI6px 1992 ro;a;a ~eHLI npe;a;npwrnm-npoH3BO;a;HTeneA ua oe<Pn B npepoAHWI 1"83 nO,IUJ;epJKHBanHCL Ha ypOBHe, 3Ha'IHTeJibHO 6onee BH3KOM ypOBH.SI ~eB Ba Me1Kpecny6JIHKaBCKOM pLDIKe, C u;enbiO c;a;ep.xrnBaHIDI ,u;aBJieHH.SI ua poCT soyTpeuuux ~eu ua ue<t>Tb H npupo;a;BLJA ra3. B OKT.K6pe 1992 l'OA& D;eBLI npOH3BO;a;HTeneA npupo,u;ooro ra:Ja COCTaBrumB MeHee nOJIOBHHLI ~eB, ;a;eAC'TBOBaBIIIBX B POCCBB, R acero 20 npo~eBTOB, OT SKCnOpTHOA ~eHLI. If;eBLI ,u;ru1 npOH3BO,u;HTeneA: BecPTH C CC.8TX6pJI DO OKTJ16pb 1992 ro,u;a B03POCJIH B 10 pa3 H ei:Qe B 5 pa3 C OKTX6p.SI 1992 ro,u;a no HIOJib 1993 ro,u;a, O;a;BaKO ,D;a1Ke nocne STOI'O COCTaBIDIJIH Bcero JIHWL 34 npo~eHTa OT 3aTpaT Ha HMnOpTHpyeM}'IO CLIPYIO HecPTb. HaH60Jiee 3cPcPeKTHBHbiM CHnlaJIOM H CTHMYJIOM ;a;IDI nOBLWieHH.SI ,D;06LI'JH MeCTBOA BecPTII B ra3a JIBJIJieTCJI yCTauoBJieHHe TaKHX ~en ,n;Jl.SI npOH3BO.n;HTeneA, KOTOPLie 6LmH KOHKYPeBTocnoco6HLIMH c AP)THMH BH.D;aMB ::>oeprouocHTeneA. Heo6xo.n;HMO sseCTH uanom ua ue<t>Tenpo;a;yKTLI ,u;ru1 npOH3BO,u;HTeneA (a ,u;onoJIHeHBe K aKD;H3BLIM c6opaM C npe,u;npH.SITHA), "'TO M01KeT yBeJIH'IHTh nOCT}'IIJieBH.SI B 6IO,IJ;}KeT. 10.41 TeM He Menee ~eHLI Ha npHpO,D;BLIH ra3, OTODJieBHe H SJieKTpOSHepmro ,u;rul KOMMYJiaJIIdiOI'O B CeJibCKOX03.SIACTBeHHOro ceKTOpOB no-npe}KHeMY COCTaBJI.SIIOT Be60JILUJYIO 'laCTb( 0,5 npou;eBTa, 1,5 npo~eBTa H 19 npo~eHTOB COOTBeTCTBeHHO) OT SKOBOMH'IeCKHX 3aTpaT H OT MHPOBLIX ~eH. IJ;eua ra3a, KOTOpLIA: COCTaBIDieT OCHOBHyro ,D;OJIIO BoyTpeHHero 3BepronOTpe6JieHHX, OTCTaeT OT pOCTa ~eH B POCCHH, a TaJCKe B 6onLWHBCTBe coce;a;uux rocy,u;apCTa. CYI:QeCTBYIOT cepLe3HLie nepeKOCLI a nonHTHKe ~euoo6pa30BaJIID[ B 3Ha'IHTeJILBLie nepeKpeCTHLie cy6CH.n;HH B CeJILCKOX03XfiCTBeHHOM, npOMLDliJieBHOM H KOMMYJ18JIIdi0M CeKTOpax. Boo6I:Qe, pacXOAbl Ha nOCTaBKY SHepmH llpOMLllUJieHHLIM nOTpe6HTeJUIM OKa3LIBaiOTCJI 3Ha'IHTeJILHO HIDKe no CpaBHeHHIO C DOTpe6HTeJISIMH B KOMMYJianLHOM CeKTOpe H3-3a MaCIDTa6os, 6oJILIDel 3arpy.xceHBOCTH H KOScpcpH~eHTa HCDOJib30BaHIDI. B CTpaHax C PLIHO'IHOA SKOBOMHKOA ~eHLI B8 SHeproHOCHTeJIH ~JI.SI HaCeJieHH.sl 06bl"'HO B 1,5-2 pa3a npeBbllliaiOT ~eHLI AJI.S1 nOMLnDJieHHLIX nOTpe6HTeJiel. B Y36eKHCTaHe BCe Ha060pOT, H ~eBLI Ha 3BeproHOCHTeJIH ,u;rul KOMMYJiaJILHOro ceKTOpa COCTaBJIJDOT OT 12 ,D;O 14 npo~eHTOB OT npOMLllUJieHHLIX. 10.42 ,II;JI.SI ,D;OCTHJKeBH.SI COnOCTaBHMbiX C MHPOBLIMH ~eB nOTpe6yeTCJI nOBLICHTb npOMLIUIJielllllale ~eHLI a1,2 pa3a ua 3JieKTposuepmro H a 4 pa3a ua ra3. B TO xe apeMX ~eBLI ,IUIJI uacenesu ;a;oJDICBLI 6y,u;yr 3 DOBLICHTLCX B 70 pa3 Ha SJieKTpOSHepmiO H 185 pa3 Ba npHpO,u;HLIA ra3. TOPfOBJUI 10.43 3ueprouocHTenu urparoT aurnyro ponL s o6I:QeM ToprosoM 6anauce Y36eKHCTaua. OcuoBLIBUC!. Ba MHj)OBLIX ~eHax H 06'DeMax TOproBJIH B 1990 ro.zzy, SHeproHOCHTeJIH COCTaBJIJIJIH 21 npo~eBT HMIIOJ)Ta B 23 npo~eHTa SKCDOpTa. 0IDITL TaKH OCHOBLmaxCL Ba MHpOBLIX ~eHax ~ecpHin!T B TOproBJie sueprOHOCHTeJI.SIMH B 1990 ro,uy npH6JIH3HTeJILHO PaBHXJICJI 1,1 Mnp;a; ,n;onnapoa cmA. OcHOBBOA CTaTLel HMDOpTa XBJI.SieTC51 Hecpn, KOTOpax COCTaBJI.SieT npo~eHTOB OT 06~ero 06'DeMa HMDOpTa. B BaCTO~ee 11 BpeMX Y36eKHCTaH o6ecne'IHBaeT DOp.SI,u;Ka 60 npo~eHTOB CBOHX nOTpe6BOCTefl B BecpTH 3a C'leT HMDOpT8. He HMe.sl BLIXO;a;a K MOpiO H .u;oczyna K aJILTepBaTHBBLIM nOCTaBKa.M, Y36eKHCTaH 3aBHCHT B OCBOBBOM OT DOCTaBOK H3 POCCHH. HecpTb, TaKHM o6pa30M, Hapasue C XJIOnKOM .HBJ.UieTC.SI OCHOBHLIM nyHKTOM TOPI'OBLlX cornaweuufl c Poccuefl. 10.44 B Te'leHHe 1992 ro,u;a pacXO,u;LI Ba HMnOpTHpyeMYIO HecpTh B03pOCJIH 6onee 'leM H& 3000 npOI(eHTOB. Ilo HMeiO~HMC.SI ,D;aBHLIM, Ha KOHe~ 1992 ro,u;a CTOHMOCTh CLipOA BecPTH COCTaBJIJIJia 15 T&IC py6nefl 3a TOHuy, HJIH OKOJIO 40 npo~eHTOB OT MHPOBOfl ~eHLI B nepec'le'l"e DO KYPCY 300 py6Jieit 38 1 ,D;OJIJiap CillA. IlOCKOJILK)' I(eHLI Ba uecpn no;a;,u;ep.>KHBaJIHCL Ba 6onee BH3KOM ypOBHe, "CleM ~eHLI Ba XJIOnOK B Me1Kpecny6JIHKaRCKOA TOproBJie B uaqane 1992 ro,u;a, C DOBLDneHHeM ee ,D;O YPOBH.SI MHPOBLIX SKOHOMIDC& Y36eKHCTaHa nepe}KHJia rny60KOe nOTpxceHHe. 3To nOTp.SICeBHe B OCBOBHOM y,u;anOCb npeO,D;OJieTb IC KOIIIG' ro,u;a, KOr,u;a OTBOCHTeJILBLie ~eHLI Ba XJIOnOK H Becpn B Me1Kpecny6JIHKaHCKOA TOpi"OBJie 6LIJIB DpBBe,D;eHLI a pasuoaecue. ~~ 0CBOBLIB8JICb Ba BBYfPCHBHX U.CBax IIO COCTOJIBHJO Ba HIOJib 1993 ro~a IIPH K)'pCC 1020 pydJicl 38 1 AOJ!JIIp CiliA Jl DO CpllBBCBHJO C MlfPOBLIMH IJ.CB&MH Ba SBCproBOCHTCJIH, IJpHBC~eBBLIMH B TaCSJIHIJ.C 10.5.  -.160- 10.45 BLIJIH OTKpblTbi HOBbie MeCTOpOJK,I(eHIDI He<!>TH, OCBOeHHe KOTOpbiX MOJKeT B TpH pa3a yseJIHliHTL 06'LeM BuyTpeHHeA ,IJ;06bNH, ,IJ;OCTHmyB BeJIHlJHHbi 3,3 MJIH TOHH B ro,IJ; (67 TbiC 6appeneA B ,IJ;eHL), H K 1996 ro,uy n03BOJIHT DOJIHOCTbiO OTKa3aTbCg OT HMnOpTa. IIpaBHTeJibCTBO npu.u;aeT nepBOCTeneHHOe 3HatJeHHe npHBJietJeHHIO HHOCTpaHHbiX HHBeCTHIJ;HA ~ OCBOeHIDI 3THX MeCTOpOJK,I(eHHA, KOTOpOe Tpe6yeT 3HatJHTeJibHbiX KanHTaJIOBJIOJKeHHA H 3aBHCHT OT pa3Me~eHIDI HMnOpTHOro o6opy,D;OBaHIDI H BO,D;LI B 3HalJHTeJibHO BbiHrpaeT OT HCllOJIL30BaHKSI 3aDa,IUIOA TeXHOJXOrHH. IIO pactJeTaM npaBHTeJILCT.Ba, B 6JIIDKWWHe tJeTbipe ro,IJ;a HHBeCTHD;"HH B OCBOeHHe MeCTOpOJK,I(eHHA He<!>TH ,IJ;OJDKHbl COCTaBHTL 500 MJIH ,IJ;OJIJiapoB CillA. 10.46 HeCMOTp.SI Ha 60JibWOA HHTepec, npOXBJI.SieMbm HHOCTpaHHbiMH He<I>TXHbiMH KOMna.HIDIMB X 3THM MeCTOpOJK,I(eHKSIM, ,IJ;O HaCTOX~ero BpeMeHH He 6LIJIO llO,IJ;DHCaHO HH O,IUIOro COrJiaweHKSI. Heo6XO,IUIMO pa3pa6oTaTL tJeTicyiO H YCTOHlJHBYIO HHBeCTHIUIOHHyro OCHOBy, KOTOpax noc.rry.xrnJia 6LI KaTaJIH3aTOpOM AIDI npHBJietJeHIDI HHOCTpaHHbiX HHBeCTHD;HA. 0,IJ;HaKO OTCY'fCTBHe Tpy6onpOBO,JJ;OB, paBHO KaK H ,IJ;OB01ILHO orpanutJeHHLie B03MOJKHOCTH no ,u;o6LNe no cprumenuro c coce,IUIHMH CTPaHaMH, MO:ryT gaBTLCg c,IJ;epxusaro~HMH <!>aKTOPaMH ,tJ;Jig noTeHu;HanLnoro <PnnancupoaaHIDI. KaTaJIH3aTopoM .IVUI npuBJie'leHIDI tJaCTHbiX HHOCTpaHHbiX HHBeCTHIJ;HH MOI'JIO 6LI DOCJIY.>KHTb <j>HHaHCHpOBaHHe CO CTOpOHbi MeJK,JzyHapO,D;HbiX cj>HHaHCOBbiX opraHH3aiJ;HH. 10.47 HMeeTcx noTeHUHaJILHax B03MOJKHOCTb yseJIHtJeHIDI 3KcnopTa npupo,IUioro ra3a B cpe,IUieCpOtJHOM nnane. B OCHOBHOM H3-3a CHIDKeHIDI BHYTPeHHerO nOTpe6neHIDI OJKH,IJ;aeTCX, liTO 06'LeM npHpO,u;HOrO ra3a, KOTOpbm MOJKeT 6LITL 3KCnOpTHpOBaHHLIM, MOJKeT yBeJIHlJHTbCg OT 7,5 MJip,IJ; Jcy6. MeTpOB B HaCTOXID;ee BpeMX ,IJ;O 30 M.np,D; Icy(). MeTpOB B ro,IJ; B 1996 ro.n.y. II03TOMY nepBOCTeneHHOe 3HatJeHHe ()y,IJ;eT HMeTL nOHCK pLmKOB ,IJ;mi 3KCnOpTa 3TOro ra3a, YlJHTLIBax TO, liTO 3KCnOpT f':J?HpO,IUIOrO ra3a 6y,IJ;eT XBJI.SITLCj{ KJIIOtJeBLIM <j>aKTopoM ycnewuoro pa3BHTIDI 3HepremtJecKoro ceKTopa s cpe,IUiecpotinoA nepcneKTHse. Ecm ()y,JzyT o6ecnetJeHLI Ha,IJ;eJKHLie pLmKH ,IJ;Jig 3KCDOpTa npHpO,D;HOrO ra3a, H D;eHLI ,IJ;OCTHmyT ypOBWI MHpOBLIX (C yqeTOM TPaHCnOpTHbiX H3,IJ;ep:>KeK), ,IJ;OXO,IJ;bl OT 3KCDOpTa npHpO,D;HOrO ra3a MOryT ,IJ;OCTH'IL BeJIHlJHHbll,l MJip,IJ; ,D;OJIJiapOB CillA. B03MOJKHO, 'ITO 3KCDOPT H He ,D;OCTHrHeT 06'LeMa B 30 MJip,D; Jcy6. MeTpOB K 1996 ro,u;y, O,IUiaKO 06'LeM, KOTOpLm 6y,D;eT ,D;OCTYfiHLIM ,IJ;Jij( 3KCnOpTa, 6y,u;eT HaMHOro 60JThWHM, 'leM npomo3HpyeTcg npasHTeJILCTBOM. 3To ,u;oJDKHo naATH a,u;eKBarnoe OTpa.JKenue a nporpaMMe pe<J>opM. B 6JIIDKWWee BpeWI rJiaBHOe BHHMaHHe ,ll;OJDK.HO 6b1Tb o6p~eHO Ha 3aKJIIOlJeHHe 3KCDOPTHLIX KOHTpaKTOB u na npo,u;oJIJKeuue TecHoro cOTPY.IUIHtJecTsa c PoccueA u TypKMeHHCTa.HOM s sonpoce .u;oCTIDKeHWI COrJiaweHIDI OTHOCHTeJILHO ,D;OCTyiiHOCTH H TapH¢OB CHCTeMbi ra30npOBO,D;CB, no KOTOpbiM ra3 DOCTyi1aeT Ha 3ana,IUio-esponeAcKHA pLmoK. B 6onee ,IJ;onrocpOtiHoA nepcneKTHBe B03MOJKHO paccMoTpenue sonpoca o6 YtJaCTHH a pa3BHTHH aJILTepuamBHLIX Tpy6onposo,IJ;OB ,u;nx TpaHcnopTHpOBKH ra3a H3 Cpe,IUieA A3HH ua MeJK,u;yHapO,IUILie pLmKH. 10.48 HeCMOTpX Ha TO, liTO cpe,u;necpOtJHLie nepcneKTHBLI OTHOCHTeJILHO He<j>TH H npHpO,D;HOro ra3a Ka>IcyTcg ,u;oaonLno MHoroo6emaro~HMH, 3nepreTH"'ecKax CTpaTermr Y36eKHCTaHa ,u;oJDK.Ha TaKJKe BKJIIOtJaTL paCCMOTpenHe HCnOJIL30BaHIDI ,D;pymx 3HepropecypCOB. B 3TOA CBj{3H HHBeCTHIJ;HH B 06JiaCTL SJieKTpOSHepreTHKH .IJ;Jig 3aBepweHIDI CTPOHTeJILCTBa MO~HOCTeA no BLipa60TKe 3JieKTp03HepmB C HCDOJIL30BaHHeM HeOlJH~eHHOrO ra3a, MOryT 6LITb 3KOHOMHlJeCKH OnpaB,D;aHHbiMH. 3KcnnyaTau;ml 3THX MOID;HOCTeA nOMO}KeT OTKa3aTLCX OT HCnOJIL30BaHIDI Ma3yTa, KOTOpbm HCnOJIL3yeTcg ,IJ;Jig npOH3BO,D;CTBa 3JieKTp03HepmH B TetJeHHe 3HMHero nepuo,o;a, HJIH OT HCDOJIL30BaHIDI yrJDI, lJTO 6LIJIO 6LI JKeJiaTeJILHO C TOlJKH 3peHIDI oxpaHLI OKpyJKaro~eH cpe,xu,I. IIpHHHMax BO BHHMaHHe CHIDKeHHe cnpoca H OTCyTCTBHe JierKOro ,D;OCTyiia K MeJK,DyHapO,u;HLIM pLmKaM, 6y.IJYIUee yroJILHOA npOMbiillJieHHOCTH Ka>KeTcg np06JieMaTH'IHbiM. Hp·.:·; HaJIHlJHH HHOCTPaHHLIX HHBeCTHD;HA BOSMO.xrnO paCWHpeHHe OT,IJ;eJILHLIX npoH3BO,D;CTB no ,u;o''+nP anTpaiJ;nTa. O,u;naKo 6y~ue HHBeCTHIJ;HH a yroJILHYIO H 3HepreTHtJecKyro o6naCTH ,IJ;OJDKHLI 6LITL c6ana~·, (; q:poaaHLI c BlfYTpeHHHM H pemouanLHLIM cnpocoM no npuuu;uny uau6onee ScPcPeKTHBHOro nJiaHHPOBaHKSI HHBCCTHJ.UiH.  -161- B. OTPACJIEBASI PECOOPMA: CPE.[{HECPOtiHMlllEPCIIEKTHBA 10.49 BLIJIH pa3pa6oTaHLI ADa cpe,IUiecpoquLIX cueuapiDI ~ suepremqecKoro ceKTopa, ocuoBaHHLie Ha npOni03e MaKpOSKOHOMHtJeCKOA pe<I>OPMLI, KOTOpa.K paccMaTpHBaJiaCL B rJiaBe 3. 3TH ,IU3a CJJ;eHapiDI OTJIH'IaiOTC.K HCXO,IUILIMH npe,IUIOJIO.>KeHWIMH OTHOCHTeJILHO (a) CKOpOCTH OCBOeHIDI HecpT.KHLIX H ra30BbiX MeCTOpO.>K,D;eHHff, (6) B03,D;eACTBIDI ra30DpOBO,IJ;OB H ,D;pymx npenSITCTBHA Ha 3KCDOpT, H (B) 3cP4>eKT 6onee BLICOKHX ~eH Ha BuyTpeHHHH cnpoc Ha SHeproHOCHTeJIH. TaK KaK 3TH HCXO,JUibie BeJIH'IHHLI 33.BHC.KT OT BLI60pa DOJIHTHKH npaBHTeJILCTBOM, ,D;aHHLie cn;euapHH HJIJIIOCTPHPYJOT B03MO.>KHOCTb B03,D;e:ACTBIDI Ha Pa3BHTHe suepremqecKoro ceKTopa TaKHM o6pa30M, tJT06LI on OKa3aJI 6naronpmrr:-~oe B03,u;eACTBHe ua SKOHOMHtJeCKOe pa3BHTHe H pOCT. 10.50 Cu;euap:u:A A (Ta6nnu;a 10.6) .KBmleT co6on OIITHMHCTHtJecKHA npomo3. On npe~"lOJiaraeT, 'ITO 6y,u;yT DOJIY~ieHLI BuyTpeHHBe H HHOCTpaHHLie HHBeCTHD;HR ,D;Jlll cpBHaHCHpOBaHHSI OCBOeHIDI ,IU3)'X He,D;aBHO OTKpLITLIX MeCTOpOJK,II;eHBA, H 'ITO 6onee BbiCOKHe D;eHLI, KOTOPLie CTauyT npH'IHHO:A 3Ha'IHTeJILHLIX YCHJIHA DO COKp~eHHIO HCDOJih30BaHIDI 3HepreTH'IeCKHX pecypcOB, npBBe,IzyT K YCTOA'IBBOMY CHIDKeHBIO cnpoca Ha HHX. B pe3yJILTaTe 3TOro Y36eKHCTaH CMO.>KeT 06ecnetJHTb CBOH BizyTpeHHHe DOTpe6HOCTH B HecpTH K 1995 ro,u;y H, HatJIJHaJI C 1996 ro,u;a, ()y,u;eT BMeTL 3Ha'IHTeJILHOe KOJIH'IeCTBO He<I>TH ,D;Jlll 3KCDOpTa. KOJIHtJeCTBO npHpO,JI,HOI'O ra3a Ha SKCDOPT ()y,u;eT TaiOKe 6LICTpO paCTH, yBeJIHtJHBasiCb C 2,6 MJIH TOHH YC!IOBHOI'O TODJIHBa B 1992 ro,IJ3' ,D;O 21,7 MJIH TOHH YCJIOBHOro TODJIHBa B 1996 ro,u;y. CorJiaCHO 3TOMY C~eHapBIO, CTpaHa MOJKeT B 1996 I'O,Jzy DOnyqHTL npH6LIJib B p~Mepe 1,7 MJip,D; ,D;OJIJiapOB CillA DO D;eHaM 1992 ro,u;a. 10.51 Cu;euapn:A B (Ta6n~a 10.7) .KBmleT co6oA "neccHMBCT11':1ecKHill'' npomo3. CornacHo eM}', OCBOeHHe HOBLIX MeCTOpOJK,D;eHHA: Becpm ()y,u;eT OTJIOJKeHHLIM H paCTXHyrLIM Ha 6onee npO,D;OJDKHTeJILHLIA nepuo,u;. Cnpoc ua sueprouocHTeJIH cHHJKaeTcH 6onee Me,u;neHHLIMH TeMnaMH, a ue,u;oCTaToquLIA ,D;OCTYII K Tpy6onpooo,u;nLIM CHCTeMaM orpaunquoaeT poCT SKcnopTa npnpo,D;Horo ra3a. Ae<t>nn;HT TcproBJIH SHepreTH'IeCKHMH pecypCaMH CHIDKaeTC.K 60Jiee Me,D;JieHHLIMH ·reMDaMH, H npeBpaTHTC_51 B He60JiblllOA H36LITOK K 1996 ropy 3a CtJeT CHWKeHWl HMDOpTa He<t>TH H HeQ>TenpO,JzyKTOB. 10.52 Kax. BH,IUIO H3 PucyuKa 10.1, pOCT ,D;06LitJH MeCTHOA Hecpu! ,D;O.i:JKeH no KpaAueA Mepe 06ecneliHTb BuyTpeHHHe DOTpe6HOCTH rocy,u;apCTBa ):'(0 KOHD;a ,D;eC.KTBJieTIDI. TipH npOBe,IJ;eHHH DOJIHTHKH, CTHM)'JIHpyro~e:A HHBeCTHIJ;HH B He<i>T.KHfiO npOMLWIJieHHOC1.'b H 6onee SQ><;\)eKTHBHOe HCDOJIL30BaHHe 3HepreTH'IeCKHX pecypCOB npOMLDJIJieHHLIM CeKTOpOM, CTaHa 6y,D;eT HMeTL B03MO.>KHOCTb K 2000 ro,u;y SKCDOpTHpOBaTL 4-5 MJIH TOHH CLipOA Hecl>TH B ro,u;. B 3TOM cnyqae KpHTH'IeCKOe 3HatJeHHe WIJ1 peaJIH3~H riOJIHOI'O IIOTeH!UiaJia SKCDOPTHLIX pecypCOB ()y,u;eT HMeTL ,IJ;OCTYD K Tpy6onpOBO,JUILIM MO~HOCT.KM. 10.53 PHcyuoK nOKa3LmaeT, 'ITO 3TOT oonpoc .KBJI.KeTc51 e~e 6onee BaJKHLIM WIJ~ npnpo,u;uoro ra3a. ECJIH ()y,u;eT npOBO,IUITbC.K COOTBCTCTB}'IOliJ;U DOJIHTHKa, Y36eKHCTaH MOJKeT HMeTL B03MO.>KHOCTb SKCDOPTHPOBaTL 40-50 MJip,D; Jcy(). MeTpOB ra3a K 2000 C~eCTBYfOliJ;He B Cpe,u;ue:A A3HH ro,oy. Tpy()onpOBO,D;LI He,D;OCTaTO'IHLI ,D;JIX TOro, liT06LI 06ecne't!HTL TpaHCDOpTHpOBJCY TaKOro 06'!leMa ra3a, OC06eHHO B TOM cnyqae, ecnn KasaxCTau TOJKe yseJIHtJHT o6'LeM SKcnopTnpyeMoro ra3a. KpoMe Toro, Ys6eKHCTaH ,JJ;OJDKeH o6ecnetJIITb pLIHKH C6h1Ta ,D;JI.K STOI"' ra3a DPH KOHJcypeHI.UIH CO CTOpOH'W: ,u;pymx DOTeH~aJILHLIX DOCTaBIIUIKOB H3 Cpe,u;ueA: A3HH, paBHO KaK B CaMOA: POCCHH. TiepcneKTHBa 6~:CTpOro yBeJIH'IeHWI 06'beMOB ra3a, KOTOpbiA MO.>KeT 6LITL 3KCDOpTHpOBaHHbiM, H DOJib3a OT ,D;OXO,D;OB B HHOCTpaHHOH BaJiroTe, KOTOPYIO TaKOA: SKCDOPT MO.>KeT npHHeCTH, MOryT 3aCTaBHTb llpaBHTeJILCTBO DPMAaTL nepBOCTeneHHOe 3Ha'leHHe pa3BHTHIO CTpaTemn ,u;ru~ yseJIH'leHH.K SKcnopTa npupo,tU~oro ra3a B Kpa·rKo- n cpe,D;HecpoquoM nnaHe.  -162- Ta~10.6 DepcueuDW •aepi'C'I'IDJI Y3CSea:BCTIIBa - cqeap:d A 1990 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1999 2002 HE<l>Tb (MJIB TOHB YCJIOBHOro TOIIJIHBa) llpOH3BO~CTBO 2,8 3,3 4,6 5,6 6,5 8,0 9,6 11,3 qHCT:bU~ HMIIOpT - Chlpu ae<I>Tb 5,4 3,6 3,4 2,4 1,0 -4,2 -5,9 - Heljn·enpo,DyKThl i3.. !.2 2&2 -0.4 -1.0 -2,1 06m;Hit 'IHCThl* HMIIOpT Bc<I>TH JlBBOC UO'rpCl'SJICHHC 10,1 5,5 4,3 2,0 -2.1 -4,2. 5,9 8 12,9 8,8 8,9 7,6 6,5 5,9 5,4 5,4 llPHPO~HblH r A3 (NJIB TOBB fCJIOBBoro TOIIJIHBa) llpOH3BO~CTBO 32,9 34,6 36,0 37,6 40,0 40,0 48,0 56,4 lfHCThi:A' HMIIOpT -2,8 M -10.1 -19,1 -19,6 -217 ~'- -32,3 -41,8 JlBBOC UO'rpC6JIC~HC 30,1 32,0 25,9 18,5 20,4 18,3 15,7 14,6 YI'OJib (MJIB TOBB fCJIOBBOro TOIIJIHBa) ITpOH3BO.gCTBO 2,6 3.2 2,6 2.6 2,1 1,9 lJHCThi:A' HMIIOpT .L! !.2 ~ - - -- -- JlBBOC UO'rpC6JICBHC 3,7 4,2 2,8 2.6 2.1 1.9 llEPBHqHAJI 3JIEKTP03HEPilfJI H TEIUIO (MJIB TOBB yCJioaaoro TOIIJIHBa) llpOH3B(l~CTBO 0,6 0,5 1,0 1,1 1.2 1,3 qHCThi:A: HMIIOpT -0.2 -0,1 -0.2 -0.2 ::.(1g -0.2 Jlaaoe noTPefSJieaHe 0,4 0,4 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 COBOKYITHbi:R llEPBHl:IHbi:R 3HEPfETH'tfECKH:A :SAJIAHC (MJIB TOBB yCJioaaoro TODJIHBa) llpOH3BO.IlCTBO 38,9 41,6 44.2 46,9 49.8 51,2 'tfHCTbi:A: HMIIOpT ~ ..M .M -17.3 -19,8 -24.0 JlBBOC DO'rpC6JICBHC 47,2 45.4 38,·<1l 29,6 30,0 Z7.2 BHIT (X-e H3MeaeaHe OTBOCHTCJI&Bo 1990 ro~a) -25X -30X -34X -32X -29X HCTO'IHHKH: rocKOMilpOrB03CT8T, SBf:{)reTH'ICCKHC IIPCJmPIUTHJI H upOI'BC3LI COTPYJUIHICOI li&BJCL a/ ToJIJ.KO HCO'IHID;CBBU BecJ>n..  -163- T~10.7 r~ 11CK.T~~BW aacprenoar Y3CScac:TaBa - cqeuapd ::S t390 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 !999 2002 HEIPTL (NJIB TOBH YCJIOBHO:"'" ' IJpOH3BO,IJ;CTBO 2,8 3,3 3.2 3,2 4,6 5,6 7,2 8,0 qHCTLIIl HMDOpT - Cwpu accjm. 5,4 3,6 4,0 3,5 3,0 1,9 0,5 0,0 - HccJ>Tcnpo,IJ;)'KTh! ~ L2 ~ gJ. 2:1 ~ QA ~ OC5num 'iHCTLrll HMnopT BccJ>TH JlBBOC IIOTPCMCBHC !0,1 5,5 6,3 5,,6 3,7 2,6 1,0 0,2 12.9 8,8 9,5 8,8 8,3 8,2 8.2 8,2 IIPHPO~Hhl:ff r A3 (MJIB TOBB YCJIOBBoro TOIIJIHBa) IJpOH3BO,IJ;tTBO 32,9 6 33,7 34,1 32,0 30,6 30,5 34,0 qHCTWit HMIIOpT -2,8 ~ -6_,3 -7,3 -8,0 -8.0 -9,5 -11.0 JlBBOC DOTPCMCBHC 30,1 32,0 27,4 26,8 24,0 22.6 1.0 24,0 YI'Ollb (NJIB TOBH yCJIOBB0£'0 TOIIJIHBa) IJpOH3BO,IJ;CTBO 2,6 3,2 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,6 qHCT.blit HMDOpT L! .LQ ~ M ~ - Jlsuoe DOTPcl5.n:caHe 3,7 4,2 3,3 3,0 2.8 2.6 IIEPBH"'HAJI 3JIEKTP03HEPJ1{jl H TEIUIO (MJIB TOBB yCJioaaoro TOIIJIHBa) IJpOH380,1J;CTBO 0,6 0,5 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 qHC'I'Wil HMDOpT -0.2 -o,1 ~ Q.g ~ JlBBOC DOTPC6JICBHC 0.4 0,4 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 COBOKYIIHLIJ!t IIEPBHlfHLIJ!t SHEPrETift.!ECK.H:ff liAJIAHC (MJIB TOBB yCJioBaoro TOIIJIHBa) IJpOH380,1J;CTBO 38,9 41,6 40,3 40,7 40,0 39.6 qHCThlit HMDOpT -8.3 M Q..Z ::Y -3..~ -5.1 JlBBOC DOTPCC5JICBHC 47,2 45,4 41,0 39,5 36,1 34,5 Hcro'lsmar. rocKOMIIJJOrBO:JCTaT. sacpreTHt~ccKHc npc,D;DpJUTIU H npomo3w coTPy,D;Bmcoa BaaKa.  - 164- PHCYJIOK 10.1. llepcneKTHBbl pa3BHTH.R ueciJT.RHOH npoMbiWJJennoCTH B Y36eKHcrane. Cueuapaii B Cv,euapaii A (3aMe.n.nenuoe OCYIJlCCTBJ1eHHe peciJopM H HHOCTpaHHhiX HHBCCTHUHH) • MTOE ,. MTDE ·""'"'"- ... ,. ""- i I I I 4 ~~~. .... .!.- t I ~ _,;10 1G • ' l :.r~ I T .... --.....;;:.- o.....w - - I .. .. - .. - - I • .. - PacyaoK 10.2. llepcneKTRBW pa3BHTH.R ra3osoii npoMbiWJJeHHOCTH B Y36eKHCTaae. MTOE 50------------------------------------------------------ 40 ··························· 20 10 0 1990 1992 1994 1998 4998 2000  - 165- B. OTPACJIEBASI PE<I>OPMA: BOllPOCbl H PEKOMEH.L{AUHH 10.54 3nepreTH'tleCKa.sl nonHTHKa Y36eKHCTa.Ha ,o;oJDKHa pewHTb ,u;ae 3a,n;aqH, a neKOTopoff CTeneHH npOTHBOpe't!HBbie: H36e)KaTh Ha npOTDKeHHH HeCKOJibKHX 6JIIDKaHUIHX Mec.sm;ea, XapaKTepH3YIOIIUfXC.JI KOpeHHbJMM H3MeHeHIDIMH, 3Hat{HTeJibHOrO cna,n;a npOH3BO,II;CTBa 3HeprOHOCHTeJiefl, H BHe,IJ;pHTb llOJIIfrlllcy, KOTOpax DOBbiCHJia 6bi BKJia,IJ; 3HepreTH'tleCKOrO CeKTOpa B HaiJ,HOHaJihHyiO 3KOHOMH:tcy. 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Kacarom:u:ec.sr rrporpaMMLI pe¢lopM 3HepreTH'tleCKOI'O CeKTOpa 3KOHOMHKH. 3Ta pe¢opMa ,Il;OJDKHa npOBO,IUITbC.sl B KpaTtiaHillHe CpOKH (TO eCTL, HaqaThC.JI,il;O KOHD;a 1993 ro,o;a) KaK HeOTheMJieMhlli KOMllOHeHT MaKp03KOHOMH'tleCKOH npOrpaMMhL OcHonnoe BHHMaHHe a 3TOff pe¢opMe y,o;eJI.sleTc.sr yaenHqeuHro ,o;o6hfliH necpTu. llocne,o;osaTeJILnoe BbffiOJIHeHHe pecpopMbi .D;eH006pa30BaHIDI H HaJIOro06JIO)KeHIDI 3HeproHOCHTeJieff, Hanpa.BJieHHOe Ha fiOBhlllleHHe 3QlQleKTHBHOCTH HCllOJih30BaHIDI HX H, TaKHM o6pa30M, DpHBe,IJ;eT K YMeHhilleHHIO DOTpe6JieHIDI 3THX 3HeprOHOCHTeJieff H DOBbiCHT B03M0)KHOCTb HX 3KCDOpTa. 0,IUiaKO DOJIIITHKa, npe,o;JiaraeMax AID£ BHe,o;peHIDI B 3TOff 06JiaCTH, He npHBe,o;eT K )KeJiaeMbiM pe3yJibTaTaM, eCJIH OHa He 6y,o;e .si.BIDIThC.sl COCTaBHOff 'tlaCThiO 6onee UIHpoKoff CTPYKTYPHOfi nepecTpoffKM acero 3HepreTHqecKoro ceKTopa. OPrAHHJAUHOHHbiE BOllPOCbl 10.56 OpraHH3ar(HH, axo,o;xmHe B 3HepreTn'tleCKHH ceKTOp (MHHHCTepCTBa, Konu;epHbi n rrpeAfipiDITIDI) He HMeiOT qeTKO onpe,o;eJieHHbiX cPYHKD;HH II DOJIHOMOt{HH. HeKOTOphie CTp}'KTYpbi ,rzy6JIHpyroT ,o;pyra (B qacTHOCTH, KoMHTeT no reonornH H Y36eKHe¢Tera3 ,u;y6nHpyroT ,o;pyr ,o;pyra a aonpocax pa3Be,o;KH H ,o;o6hl'm HeQlTH), THllH't!HbiM XBJieHHeM CTa.Jlll nepefKOMIIJieKTOBa.HHbie UITaTbi, a TaK)Ke II060't!Hbie B~ ,u;eXTeJILHOCTH. YnpaBJieHqecKHe H npOH3BO,o;cTBeHHhre perneHIDI 3aqacTYIO He cornacoBhiBaroTcx c OTpacJieBbiMH HHBeCTHD;HOHHbiMH DJiaHaMH. 10.57 Heo6xo,n;HMbi cpoqHbie CTPYKTYPHbie npeo6pa30BaHIDI B 3HepreTJi"·IeCKOM ceKTope. nJI.sl npOBe,o;eHIDI He06XO,Il;HMbiX pe¢opM - ynpasJieHllil HHOCTpaHHbiMH HHBeCTHD;IDIMH, nepeCTpOffKH, KOP.~MepiJ;HaJIH3aiJ;HH H npHBaTH3a.Il;HH npe,u;npiDITIDIX 3HepreTHt{eCKOrO CeKTOpa, a TaJOKe npOBe,IJ;eHHe pe¢opM Harroroo6JIO)KeHIDI H 3aKono,o;aTeJihCTBa -- npaBHTeJihCTBO ,o;oiDKHo 6y,u;eT 3Ha't!HTeJihHO ycHJIHTh opraHH3aiJ;HOHHYIO CTPYKTYPY· 10.58 ,IJ;JI.sl npoae,u;eHIDI pe¢OpMbi OTpaCJIH npaBHTeJILCTBY H npe,IUipiDITIDIM He06XO,o;HMO 6y,o;eT pa3pa6oTaTh TaK}'IO 3HepreTHqecKYIO CTpaTemro, KoTopax qeTKo onpe,o;eJIHT npHopHTeTHLie uanpaBJieHIDI u 6y,u;ywyw CTPYKTYPY· niDI ¢opM}'JIHPOBaHIDI DOJIHTHKH 3HepreTH'tleCKOro ceKTopa H HHBeCTHIJ;HOHHOA CTpaTemH HeOOXO,IJ,HMO 6y,o;eT opraHH30BaTh 3QlcPeKTHBHbie yqpe)K,o;eHH.JI. 3TH 3~aqu MO)KeT BbffiOJIIDITb BHOBh OpraHI·I30BaHHOe MHHHCTepCTBO 3HepreTHKH. 3TO MHHHCTepCTBO He J);OJI)KHO 3aHHMaThC.JI peUieHHeM IIOBCe,o;HeBHbiX OpraHH3aD;UOHHbiX H QlHHaHCOBbiX 3a,n;aq, BCTaiOIUHX nepe,o; npe,u;npH.siTJUlMH 3HepreTHKH. 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CYIUECTBYIOIJ!HE UHBECniUJfOHHbiE DPOEKTbl DpoeK'nl, aaKpenneuu~~r~e aa rncy)lapCTBOM 11.9 KLI3biJIK}'MeKOe npe,u;npH.SITHe no ,D;06LI'ie pe,tUWX MeTaJI110B H 30JIOTa, B KOTOpoe BXO.u;HT PY.IUIHK "Mypyu,u;ay", a HaCTo.snr~ee apeMSI pa3pa6aTLmaeT H ae.n;eT CTPOHTe11LCTBO YliKy.u;yKeKoro npoeKTa no ,u;o6LI'ie 301IOTa H ypaua. IIpaauTeJILCTBO peeny6nuKH, no-au,u;uMOMY, He 3aHHTepeeoaauo a npHBJie'ieHHH qaCTHLIX HHBeeTHI.Ufff B MeCTOPO)K,IJ;eHIDI KLI3LIJIJcyMeKO:A nyCTblliH -- 301fY, KOTOpa.SI JIBJUieTC.SI HaHOOJiee MHoroo6e:w:aro~e:A a Y36eKHCTaHe no BbiXo.u;y 30JIOTa. YKa3aHHLm npoeKT 6y,u;eT ua 100 npou;eHTOB roey.u;apeTBeHHLIM. HaMe'iaeTc.sr, liTO YliKY,tzyK ualiHeT npOH3BO,D;CTBO a Ha"lla.rre 1994 r. H 6y.u;eT nepe.u;aaan Ha o6oraTHTeJILifYIO ¢a6pHKy 5 M1IH TOHH py,D;bi e)KerO,D;HO. q11eHaM MHeeHH BaBKa He 6LIJIH npe,D;CTaBJieHLI ,D;aHHLie 0 co,u;ep)KaHHH 30JIOTa B py,u;e H HaMe'ieHHOM 06'LeMe DpOH3BO,II;CTBa. TeM He MeHee, eJie.n;yeT }'K8.3aTL Ha 3Ha'iHTeJILHbllf MaeWTa6 npe,IUipH.SITIDl -- B Te"lleHHe 611IDKaffWHX 1,5-2 JieT HHBeCTHIJ;HH ,II;OJDKHLI eOCTaBHTL He MeHee 500 M11H ,U.OJIJI. (HCXO,II;.sl H3 pLmoqHLIX YCJIOBH:A), H3 KOTOpLIX, DQ-BH,I(HMOMY, DOJIOBHHa .u;o eux nop He H3LieKaua. PeaJIH3aiJ;H.SI YliKY,IzyKeKoro npoeKTa 3a.u;ep)KaJiacL B ea.sr3H e B03HHKWHMB MeTaJIJzypmqeeKHMH H 3K0110mqeeKHMH np06JieMaMH, KOTOpLie BLI3BaHLI BhiCOX-'r!M CO,D;ep)KaHHeM MbllliLKKa B py,u;e. C D;eJILIO peWeHH.SI 3TOfl Dp06JieMLI 6LIJia DOCTpOeHa ODLITHa.SI YCTaHOBKa, KO'f'Opa.sr pa60TaeT y)Ke 7 JieT. Mueeuu 6Lmo eoo6meuo, liTO Ha:A.u;euo y,n;oBJieTBOpHTeJILHOe peweuue, u "liTO rocy,D;apCTBeHHLm KOMHTeT DO sa~HTe npHpO.II;LI 6y.n;eT OTBe'iaTL 3a KOHTP011L BLI6poeOB H YTH11H3aD;HIO OTXO.II;OB. BBH.u;y oTeYTeTBIDI ua¢opMau;uu 3aKJiroqeuue o KOHKYPeHToenoeo6uoeTH Y'lk.}',JzyKeKoro npoeKTa a HacTo.sr:w:ee BpeMSI ,u;aTL HeBOSMO)KHO. fipoeKTW JlJ(JI COBMeCTHIIriX npe.QDpHJITHii 11.10 llpaBHTeJILCTBO 06'b.SIBHJIO 0 CBOeM HaMepeHHH CO,D;e:ACTBOBaTL C03,II;aHHIO COBMeCTHLIX npe.u;npWITHA KaK epe,u;eTBe npuBJieqt}HH.SI qaeTHOro ceKTopa B ropuo.u;o6Lmaroi.IzyiO npOMLnu.lleHHOCTL. ,IJ;o HaCTo.sr:w:ero BpeMeHU 6biJIO OcpOjJl~JieHO O,II;HO COBMeernoe npe.u;npH.srTHe. CeAqae Be,tzyTeH neperoBOpbi C .u;pymMH  -175- rpynna.MH OTHOCHTeJILHO HOBbiX npoeKTOB. B pe3yJILTaTe KOMDaHIDI "HLIOMOHT Mai.IHH!-Ir" (Konopa;.\0, ClliA) He,D;aBHO 3aKJIIOqHna cornaweHHe C DpaBHTeJILCTBOM Ha H3BJieqeHHe 30JIOTa H3 HH3KOCOPTHbiX py,u;, HaxO,IVII.I~HXCX B OTBaJiax py,D;HHKa "MypyuTay". :3-ro pyAJ:,I, KOTOpbie HMeiO~asiCX TaM o6oraTHTeJILHrul <l>a6pHKa nepepa6aTLIBaTb He MO:>KeT. llpoeKT npe,IzyCMaTpHBaeT HCDOJib30BaHHe TeXHOJIOrHH Bb~enaqHBaHIDI py,n, pa3pa6oTanuott <l>HPMOti "HLIOMOHT". KanHTanOBJIO:>KeHIDl no 3TOMY npe,u;npHXTBro, KOTOpLre OD;eHHBaiOTCX B 80-100 MJIH ,D;OJIJI., ,D;OJDK.Hbi 6LITb DpOH3Be,D;eHbi B TeqeHHe 18 MeCXD;eB, Ha'IHHM C MapTa 1993 r. TipOH3BO,II;CTBO ,D;OJI:>KHO 6biTb Ha'laTO B TpeTLeM KBapTane 1994 r.; O.>KH,u;aeTCX, 'ITO B nepBbie AHa ro,u;a BbiXO,D; 30JIOTa COCTaBHT 300 TbiCX'I ynn;HA B ro,u;, a 3aTeM -- DO KpafiHefi Mepe B 6JIIDKaiiWHe 10 neT -- BbiXO,D; 6y,u;eT COCTaBIDITb DOp}I,u;Ka 180 TbiCX'I YHn;HA 30JIOTa exero,D;HO. Cetfqac Be,IzyTCX He<l>OPMaJibHbie neperOBOpbi C ,D;pyrHMH HHOCTpaHHbiMH KOMDaHHXMH OTHOCHTeJibHO ,u;onycKa HX K 3KCnnyaTaiJ;HH H3BeC'rH.biX MeCTopo:>K,D;eHHA, r,n;e B03MOJKHO npo,u;oiDKeHHe ,u;o6LlliH. O,u;uaKo, KaK ynoMHnanocL Bhlllle, peqH o ,u;onycKe ~HOCTpaHHbiX KOMDaHHA K MeCTOpO.}K,Jl;eHIDIM B K.bi3biJIIcyMCKOA nyCTbiHH He H,D;eT. MHCCIDl He 6Lma HH<l>OPMHPOBaHa 0 paCCMaTpHBaeMbiX npoeKTax, B reonoropa3Be,I(Ke KOTOPbiX B03MO:>KHO yqaCTHe qaCTHLIX HHBeCTOpOB. B. CTPYKTYPHAA PE<OOPMA Ol"PACJIH: HAllPABJIEHHSI If PEKOMEH)lAUHH PA3BUTME fOPHO):(OBbiBAIOJUEit llPOMbiiiiJIEHHOCTU B Y36EKUCTAHE: B03M07KIIhiE BAPUAHThl 11.11 B YCJIOBIDIX, KOr,u;a C~eCTByeT HaCTOXTeJILHrui He06XO,IUIMOCTb B COBpeMeHHOM ynpaBneH'IeCKOM OOLITe H B 6onee COBepweHHbiX TeXHOJIOriDIX ,D;06blliH, Ca.Mbie cepLe3Hbie YCHJIIDI, HanpaBneHHbie Ha TO, "'T06bl HHHIJ;HHpOBaTL H no,u;,u;ep:>KaTb DO,D;LeM py,u;O,u;06biBaiO~efi DpOM"' 'IIIJieHHOCTH, MOryT HCXO,u;HTb OT 'laCTHbiX HHBeCTOPOB, OC06eHHO OT KOMDaHHA, KOTOpbie npe,u;nararoT pecypcbi, Ta.K He06XO,u;HMbie ,u;Jij[ pa3BH'I'IDI OTpacJIH. ,Il;JUI TOro, 'IT06bl C03,D;aTL 6a3y ,u;J1JI DO,JIJJ;ep}I{KH 'laCTHLIX HHBeCTHIUfA, npaBHTeJibCTBO ,D;OJDK.HO npHHXTL DOJIHTHKY H c<l>OPMHPOBaTL HHcnrryD;HOHaJibiJYIO CTpyKTYpy, KOTOPM DOA,D;ep:>KHBaJia 6LI CTa6HJibHOe H qeTKOe perynHpOBaHHe npas H B3aHMHbiX 06X3aTeJILCTB HHBeCTopa H npaBHTeJILCTBa, a TaiOKe co3,n;aTL KOHKYPeHTO<;moco6HLm H xopowo CTpyKTYpHposaHHLm pe:>KHM Hanoroo6noxeuru~, ,u;oCTYTia K HHOCTpaHHOA BaJIIOTe DO pbmOqHOM)' KYPCY, C03,D;aTL qeTKO <l>YHKn;HOHHpyro~He CTpyKTYpbi ,IUlll KOHTPOJIX H 3cp<l>eKTHBHOro CO,D;ei'fCTBHX npOH3BO,D;HTeJIXM. 11.12 ~o HaCTo.s~~ero speMeHH npasHTenLCTBO ,u;enano nonLITKH pewaTL npo6neMY yqaCTHX qaCTHoro ceKTC?a B ropHO,D;06LIBaiO~etf npOMblliiJieHHOCTH TOJibKO nyTeM CO,D;~ACTBHj[ C03)l;aHHIO COBMeCTHbiX npe,l:tJipHXTBH CTIUaTeJibHO OT06paHHbiMH HHOCTpaHHbiMH naprnepaMH. :9TO, KOHeqHO, IIOJIO:>KHTeJibHbW war, no on no cymecTBY ue OTKpLmaeT OTpacnL H He o6ecneqHsaeT poeT reonomqecKoro noTeH~ana Y36eKHCTaua. KpoMe Toro, TaKHe cornaweHHj[ o cosMeCTHLIX npe,u;nplfj[TIDIX Ha npaKTHKe 6noKHpyroT B03MO:>KHOCTL C03AaHH.sl H YKPenneHIDI MeCTHLIX t~aCTHLIX ropHo,u;o6Lmaro~Hx npe,u;npHXTBA. XoTx TaKHe npe,u;npiDITIDI Ha nepBbiX nopax H He MOryT BHeCTH cepLe3HOro SKOHOMHqecKOro BK.Jia,u;a, HX C03,D;aHHe I! no,u;,u;ep.>KKa cnyXHnH 6LI HHAHKaTopoM npHBepxeHHOCTH npaBHTenLCTsa KYPCY rny6oKHx 3KOHOMH'IeCKHX pe¢opM. 11.13 ~eCTBYJOT ABe B03MO.JKHOCTH DOBbillleHU 3<l><l>eKTHBHOCTH ,u;eACTB}'IO~HX npe,u;npHXTHA: (1) nepe,u;aqa HMeiOIUH~CX rocy,u;apCTBeHHbiX npe,u;npHXTBtf B qaCTHblA CeKTOp H (2) C03,II;aHHe OCHOB AJU[ cllOpMHPOBaHHX CMelll.aHHOro CeKTOpa, B KOTOPOM MOrJIH 6bl Ha paBHbiX YCJIOBHj[X COcymeCTBOBaTb pe<POPMHpOBaHHbie r<: cy,u;apCTBeHHLie npe,u;npWITIDI, HHOCTpaHHbie HHBe~ H MeCTHLie qaCTHLie KOMDaHHH B YCJIOBIDIX CB060.InJLIX pbiHO'IHbiX MeXaHH3MOB H '[(eH. 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XOT.H: ,D;eTaJILHLm aHanH3 BHBeCTH~BOHHOro 3aKOHO,D;aTem.cTBa H8XO,D;H!'CJI 38 Dpe,u;eJiaMH TeMaTHKII ,D;aHHOro MaTepuana, HH.XCe DPHBO,D;BTC.H: HeCKOJILKO peKOMeH.u;aiU~A OTHOCifi'eJILHO TeX B3MeHeHHA, KOTOpLie ,D;OlDKBLI 6LITh sueceHM s 3aKOuo,u;aTeJILCTao c yqeTOM cne~cpBKH ropuoro ,u;ena.~ KoQexc ropaoQo6wqa 11.16 Pa3pa60TKY KO,D;eKca ropHO,D;06LI'IH CJie.zyeT BeCTH PYJCOBO,D;CTBYJICb ,IUI)'MJI OCHOBHDIMH np~aMH: HHBeCTOp HMeeT DPaBO npOH3BO,D;BTL Pa3Be,D;O'IHLie pa60TLI H ,D;06LI'IY CL!pLSI B 06MeH Ha DpHWITHe BM CDefUicpH'IeCKHX, DO,D;,D;aiO~HXC.H: KOHTpOJIIO 06JI3aTeJILCTB, HHBeCTOp ,D;OJDKeH HMeTL HaJJ;eJKHO rapaHmpoaaHHLm u ,n;onrocpoqubta: npaaoaoA nrryn ua npoH3BO,D;CTBO ropHLIX pa6oT. Ko,u;eKc ,u;oJDKeH CO,n;ep.xcaTL CJie,JzyiOI.QHe KOHKpeTHLie DOJIO.>KeHH.SI: • 06eciie'IHBaTL paaHLm DOAXOA KO BCeM HHBeCTOpaM -- rocy.u;apCTBeHHLIM H lfaCTHLIM, MeCTHLIM H HHOCTpaHHLIM, KpynHLIM H MeJIKHM. 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'aTO o6~eTC.II B OCT8BWCI'C.11118CTH ~801'0 pu~~a, OTBOCHTC.IIIC iJPUOION)' peryJiupOBIUIHJO.IJpHMCBHMON)' TOJIIdCO 8 ropBO):l06&1BiiOO~et opOM&ID.LIICBBOCTH. BO BC 8 BCfPTCI'a:JO~OCS&I'Ie. ~CCTBCBB&IC pUJIJI'IJm B TCXBH'ICCKHX acueXT&X aTBX OTP&CJICit ~CJiaJOT oCSJ13~~TCJihBWM Pa:JACJICBHe HX upuoaoro perymrpoaaau. Dpoi'B03BU o~eaJCa ,Jl;OXOABOCTH Mecropo~eBHit 8 ropBO~OCS&IBaJO~CA OTP&CJIH MO~CT CS&I'l'h CAeJiaBa CO 38811HT~BO MCBitWCA T011BOc:TLIOo 'ICM 8 OTBOmeBHH BecJrrJIBWX H I'B30B&IX MCCTOpo~eBHit -- 8 OCOCSeHBOCTH 9TO OTBOCHTC.II K paBBHM ~ I'COJIOI'Op13BCJI:011BWX paCSoT. DOlTON)' 8 ropBO~OtS&IBIJO~et IJpOM&IDIJieBBOCTH p~o CSWBiCT ~eJICCOOCSpUBitiM B~CJI.IITit cllHBa&COBhiC H IIBYC pecypCial B& OCBOBC up~apHTCJIIaBO ODp~eJICIIBYX pwao1111wx ~ea. a TO ape~ Kax a ae!Jn"el'a:Jo~oCS&I'Ic -- 8TO oCS~eupHJUTU DPUCTHD. 3-ro pll3JIJI'IHc o11cm. CHJILBO BJIHSCT aa pupatSoncy COOTBCTc:TB}'IOII.UIX CHCTCM upUOBOI'O pcryJIJIPOBaBH.II. 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To, qTo ue.n;pa uaxOA.KTCX a co6cTBeHHOCTH rocy.u;apcTBa, He npemrrCTsyeT nepe.u;aqe npaBOBLIX THTYJIOB ua pa3pa6oTirn qacTHhiM KOMnaHmrM H He npe.u;nonaraeT, lJTO 9TH npaBa He MOryT 6LlTh npe,u;MeTOM KYfiJIH-npo.n;axR. O.n;naKo 9TO 03HaqaeT, qTo rocy.u;apcTBO MO.)KeT B3HMaTL nnazy 3a SKcnnyaTa.JUUO DpHpO,IJ;HbiX pecypCOB H HMeeT 3aKOHHhie HHTepeCLI B lJaCTH 9fPcpeKTHBHOCTH HX 9KCDJIYaT~H. 11.18 Bwlmoe 3HCNeHUe HaOO»CHOCITlll u dnume.nbHocmu cpoKa deUc:rn6uR npaB 6.nadenusl. HHBeCTOJi ,II;OJI.)KeH OhiTb ysepeH B TOM, lJTO ero npaBO Ha BJia,D;eHHe MHHepa.'lLHbiM CbipheM H ero DpaBa nepefrm 0T reonoropa3se.u;oquhrx pa6oT K .u;o6LllJe chrpL.sr Ha,n:e.)KHO rapaHTnposaHLI, ecnu on BLmOJIHHJI 3apauee orosopeHHhre ycnosux. Ilpli 9TOM }'Ka3aHHLre npasa .u;oJDKHLI 6LITL npe,D;MeTOM KYOJIH-npo.u;aJKH. KoMDamm ,D;OJDKHLI HMeTL B03MO)KHOCTh noK}'IlaTL HJIH npo.u;asan npasa Ha ropHLre pa6oTLr. HaKOHe:c;, TIOIIHOMC1'IUII Ha npedocma(J.neuue npa{l Ha Z0f»1b1e patjornbl ibmKHa timJb HaOOneHa odHa eikD«:m8eHHaR lDICI'TIIJHII1I 11 9TH IIOJIHOMOlJHSf He ,D;OJUKHhi 6hiTb OO'beKTO.M napaJIJieJihHOfl IOPHC,D;HKIJ;HH (HanpHMep, n;eHTpaJILBLIX B MeCTHLIX BJiaCTe:f.l). 11.19 B 6onhUIHHCTBe cTpau npururTa cucTeMa .u;soAHoro nun;eH3HPOBaHHX: BLr.u;aeTC.K JIHn;eH3IDI na reonoropa3se.u;oqHhle pa60Thi, o6LllJHO Ha 3-4 ro)l;a, c npasoM na o.u;noKpaTIIOe HJIH ABYKPamoe npo,D;JieUBe H nuu;eu3llil ua pa3pa60TKY -- cpoKOM ua 25-30 neT c npaBoM npo,D;Jieuux. ECTL CTPaHhi, s KOTOPLIX HCD011b3yeTCX CHCTeMa O,IJ;HOKpaTHOI'O JIHD;eH3HpOBaHWI, DpH KOTOpOH DOCJie 3apauee YCTaHOBJieHHOI'O nepHO,D;a .u;ep.)KaTeJib KOHD;eCCHH ,D;OJI.)KeH ,D;OKa3aTb, lJTO OH ,D;eHCTBHTeJILHO npOH3BO,D;HT DO,D;rOTOBBTeJILBYe pa60TLI nH6o co6CTBeHHO .u;o6Lrqy. B o6oux c.rrytiaxx yCTaHaBJIHBaiOTC11 apeR,D;HLie nnaTe}KH B!BJIB Tpe6oBaHHe K MHHIIMaJibHOM}' 06'beMY npOH3Be,D;eHHbiX pa60T. 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B KOHTeKCTe peKOMeu.u;yeMoro ropuoro Ko,n;eKca cornaweHILCI Moryr paccMaTpHsaTLC.s~ s Ka'leCTBe .u;onoJIHeHBJI x 3aKouo.u;aTeJILCTBY HJnt: cnoco6a ero peanH3an;uu. Aa.nee, B ycnosH.Kx Y 36eKHcTaua MHome HHBeCTOpbi 60JITC.fl BMeWaTeJILCTBa CO CTOpOHbi MHHHCTepCTB. ll09TOMY YKa3aHHLie COrJiaweHWI MOryT HCDOJIL30B8TLCJI B . KalJeCTBe DHCbMeHHOfl rapaHTHH TOI'O, lJTO MHHHCTepCTBa He 6y.uyr BMeWHBaTLC.sl B HX .u;e.srreJILHOCTL. HHCTHTYUHOHAJibHAH CTPYKTYP A 11.21 PeaJIH3aiJ;IDl CTpaTernH ropHO,D;OOhiBaiO~eA OTpaCJIH, B KOTOpOA Ba.xcuyiO pOJIL 6y.u;eT nrpaTL '18C'I'BYI ceKTop, Tpe6yeT C03,D;aHIDI uucTwryu;HOHaJILHOfi CTPYKTYPLIP BKJIIO'laiOID;eA 'leTLrpe OCHOBHLIX KOMDOHeBTa:  -178- MHHHCTepCTBO ropHO,II;06LIBaro~eff npOMbiiiiJieHHOCTII, ,II;enapTaMeHT rOpHO,IJ;06blliH, reOJIOrH'IeCK)'IO CJIY)Kc5y H areHTCTBO CO,II;eHCTBIUI. 06blliHO ,II;enapTaMeHT rOpHO,IJ;06blliH H areHTCTBO CO,IJ;efiCTBIDI BXO,IUIT B COCTaB MHHHCTepCTBa I'OpHO,II;06LIBaiO~efl npOMbiiiiJieHHOCTH. qaCTO ropHO,IJ;06biBaiOUJ;aJI OTpaCJib 06'he,D;HIDieTCJI C 3HepreTHKOfi C paMKaX MHHHCTepCTBa 3HepreTH'IeCKOfl H rOpHO,IJ;06biBaiOUJ;efl npOMbllDJICHBOCTH. llpe,u;JIO)I{eHHYIO CTPYKTYPY ue cne;zyeT C'IHTaTL xecTKoA -- BaJKHO TOJILKO, 'IT06Lr cyw;eCTBOBaJIH opraHLI, KOTOpLre 6paJIH 6hi Ha ce6x BbillOJIHeHHe He06XO,D;HMbiX cpyuKIUfA. MHHHcrepcroo ropuono6YBaiOIJleii npoMJJKmJJeHHOCTH 11.22 3TO MHHHCTepCTBO ,II;OJIXHO OTBe'laTL 3a 06J..IzyiO TeXHH'IeCK)'IO nOJIHTHK)', 3cpcpeKTHBuyiO KOOp,II;HHaiJ;I-UO ,II;eXTeJILHOCTH C ,II;pyrHMH MHHHCTepCTBaMH, OpraHH3ai~HIO H PYJCOBO,IJ;CTBO DpOBe,JJ;eHHeM rreperOBOpOB nO COOTBeTCTByrow;HM COrJiaweHIDIM, a TaKXe 3a KOHTpOJib ,I(eJITeJILHOCTH .u;pymx OpraHOB .D;aHHOrO HanpaBJieHIDI. ECJIH rOBOpHTb KOHKpeTHO 06 Y'36eKHCTaHe, TO npaBHTeJibCTBO ,JJ;OJDKHO rapaHTHpOBaTh, qTO MHHHCTepCTBO He 6y,IJ;eT BMeWHBaTbCX B pa6ozy 'IaCTHLIX H rocy,u;apCTBeHHLIX rrpe,u;nplliiTln~t qTO KacaeTCX nOCJie,IJ;HHX, TO Ha,o;30p 3a HX ,IJ;eJITeJibHOCTLIO ,JJ;OJD::~eH 6a3HpOBaTLCJI Ba pe3yJihTaTaX HX pa60Thi. ,[{enapTaMeHT ropHOJ.l,06MtJH 11.23 3TOT ,IJ;enapnlMeHT MOXeT 6LITL nO,IJ;pa3,IJ;eJieHHeM B COCTaBe MHHHCTepCTBa. K 'IHCJIY OCBOBBbiX ero 06X3aHHOCTeH CJie,IzyeT OTHeCTH JIHIJ;eH3HpOBaHHe H a,IJ;MHHUCTpaTHBHLie ci>YHK!UIH B 'laCTH pacnpe,u;eJieHHJI npaa na reonoropa3Be,IJ;Ol.JHbre paooTLI H JJ;06hrqy cLrphll, KOHTpOJIL ua npe,IJ;MeT BLmonHeHHJI yCTaHOBJieHHLIX Tpe6oaaum1 K npoH3BO,IJ;CTBY pa6oT. KoHTpOJIL co6mo,IJ;eHHX npaBHJI TeXHHKH 6e3onacHOCTH H oxpaHbi Tpy,u;a. ,Il;enapTaMeHT MOXeT TaKXe HaKamniBaTL npOH3BO,IJ;CTBeHHYIO CTaTHCTHKY H 0611zy10 HHcpOpMa.InfiO oTpacneaoro xapaKTepa. BhmonHeHHe <PYHKUHff no pacnpe.u;eneHHIO npas ua npOH3BO,JJ;CTBO ropBbiX pac5oT OOhNHO Tpe6yeT C03,IJ;aHHX ropHOrO Ka,IJ;aCTpa (TO eCTL CHCTeMLI KapTOrpacpH'IeCKOro H OmiCaTeJILBOI'O KOHTpOIDI 3a pemOHaMH CTpaHbl, pacnOJiaraiOJ.llHMH MHHepaJibHbiMH 3anacaMH), He06XO,JUIMOI'O ,IJ;JIJI TOI'O, llTOOLI npe,n;OTBpam;aTL IOpH,IJ;Hl!eCKHe KOHcpJIHKTbi, CB.SI3aHHbie C C06JIIO,D;eHHeM KO~eCCHOBBLIX YCJIOBd. AreHTCTBO co,l.leiiCTBHJI 11.24 3TOT oprau ,IJ;OJDKeH npe,D;CTaBJIJITL COOOfi He60JILIII}'IO OpraHH3ainfiO, KOTOpaJI CnyJKBJia 6Ll B 11 Kal.JeCTBe rryHKTa KOHTaKTOB" C nepcneKTHBHLIMH HHOCTpaHHbiMH HHBeCTOpaMH. AreHTCTBO He ,D;OJDKBO CSLITL ua,n;eneuo nonHOMOl.JHXMH npHwrriDI peweHHfl. Ouo ,IJ;OJDKHO BLICTYIIaTL npoCTo B Ka'leCTBe HBCTamnnJ, r,u;e KOMnauun MOrJIH ohr cornacoaLmaTL ace sonpocLI H KY~a OHH MOrnu 6Lr nepe,u;asaTL ueo6xo,u;HMLie C'!"'eTLL l1CXO,IVI H3 OTHOCMTeJILHOfl RaxHOCTH OTpaCJIH C TOl.JKH 3peHIDl HHOCTpaHHbiX HHBeCTH~A, STO areHTCTBO MOXeT 6hiTh BKJIIOl.JeHO B COCTaB MHHHCTepCTBa rOpHO,IJ;06bmaiOm;eff npOMbllllJieHHOCTH. reonornqecKaJI cJJy)k6a 11.25 3TOT OpraH ,IJ;OJDKeH 6hiTb OT,IJ;eSibHLIM He3aBHCHMLIM areHTCTBOM, pa60TaiOUJ;HM DO.D; 06UUDI pyxoao~cTBOM MHHHCTepCTaa ropHO,IJ;06Lmarow;e:A npOMLnnneHHOCTH. Ero ponL ,u;oJDKHa coCTOJITb s TOM, qT06LI cpopMnpoaaTL OCHOBHYJO reOJIOrHl.JeCKyiO HH¢paCTPYKTYPY CTpaHDI, BKJIIOl.Jasl npe,u;sapHTeJILHYIO paJae,u;xy ua MHHepanLHOe cLrpLe, reonomqecKoe KapTorpacpnpoaauHe, ny6JIHKaiUfiO H pacnpoCTpaueBHe KapT, a TaiOKe BBe,IJ;eHHe COBpeMeHHOfl H JierKO ,D;OCTYIIHOff. 6a3bl ,D;aHHLIX, CO,u;epJKaw;efl reOJIOJ"HlleCJCyiO H reonoropa3Be,u;oquyro HHcpOpMaiJ;HIO. Cnyx6a ,ll;OJDKHa y~OBJieTBOp.KTL DOTpe6HOCTH HHBeCTOpOB B reonomqecKoff HHcpopMaiJ;HH H KapTax, uo eff He cne,u;yeT 3aHHMaTLCJI pa3pa6oTKoA nporpaMM reOJIOropa~me,D;Ol.JHLIX pa60T B CBOHX C06CTBeHHbiX D;eiDIX. 11.26 CnyJK6a He ,u;oJDKHa BLmOJIHJITb ,u;eTanLuyro reonoropa3Be,ItKY HJIH pa6om, CBJ13aHHble c 3KOHOMHl.JeCKHM 060CHOBaHHeM pa3pa60TKH. MeCTOpOE,IJ;eHHfl H rocy,u;apCTBO UO,D;0611hle pafiOTial cpHHaHCHpOBaTL He ,IJ;OJDKHO. ECJIH rocy,u;apCTBO pewaeT COXpaHHTL CBOIO pOJIL KaK UpOD3BO,D;HTerul B .u;aBBOI OTpaCJIH, TO ,IJ;eTaJibuyiO reOJIOI"'pa3Be,IUCy CJie,)zyeT cpHHaHCHpOBaTL H npOBO,u;HTb 'lepe3 rocy,u;apCTBeBBLie  -179- ropHO,D;05LIBaiOI.UHe KOMDaHHH, a }"IHTLIBaTLC.Sl OHH ,D;OJDKHLI KaK H3)lep.>KKH H11H HHBeCTHJ:n~H, onna"'HBaeMLie npH npe)l;'L.SIBJieHHH 3THMH KOMDaHIDIMH CBOHX <flHHaHCOBLIX O~eTOB. CTPYKTYP A roCY)l;APCTBEHHbiX fiPE)l;fiPHHTIIA 11.27 EcnH rocy,n;apcTBO ue H,D;eT no nyTH nonuofl HJIH ,n;ruKe qaCTHqnoA npnsaTH3an;uH, nepe,n;aau CTpaTerHt.IeCKHfl H OnepaTHBHbrH KOHTpOnL Ha,IJ; KOMDaHHeff B PYKH KBanH¢H:u;HpOBaHHOI'O napTHepa, TO pe¢OpMa .D;OJDKHa npOBO,n;HTLC.SI B paMKaX KOMMepD;Ha1IH3aD;HH. KOMMepD;HaJIH3aD;mi npe,n;nonaraeT DOCTaHOBKY KOMMepqecKHX D;eJiefl, BBe,n;eHHe JKeCTKHX OIO,n;JKeTHbiX orpaHH'IeHHfl, ycHneHHe OT'IeTHOCTH H YKPenneHHe He3aBHCHMOCTH X03.SifiCTBeHHbiX pyKOBO,D;HTeneA B CO'IeTaHHH C DOO~peHIDIMH H CaHKD;IDIMH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT pe3ynLTaTOB ,u;e.HTeJILHOCTH. B Ka'leCTae ¢yH,D;aMeHTanLHLIX npHHD;HDOB ueo5xo,n;HMO rapaHTHposan cne,n;yro~ee: • llpHIDITHe pemeH:Hfl B COOTBeTCTBHH C KOMMep'leCKHMH, a He DOJIHTH'IeCKHMH KpHTepiDIMH. • no,D;liHHeHHe rocy,n;apCTBeHHLIX KOMDaHHff TeM .JKe IOpH,D;H'IeCKHM HOpMaM H DpaBH1IaM Ha1IOI'0001IOJKeHIDl, KOTOPLie ,n;efiCTBYfOT B OTHOWeHHH llaCTHLIX npe,u;npruiTHit • Ha3uaqeHHe CTapWHX pyKOBO,n;HTenefl Ha OCHOBaHHH KBanH4lHKai:Uifl H ODbiTa. • HcKJiroqeune H3 npaKTHKH oco6oro no,u;xo,u;a -- BLI,II;eneumr cy6cHJU~A un:n npe,D;OCTaBJieHH.SI npHBHJiemfl a qaCTH ,D;ocryna K npaaaM ua ropm,re paooTLI. 11.28 ITpnMeHHTenLHO K Y36emcrauy KOMMepn;nanH3aD;IDI ropuo,n;o6Lmarom:nx rocy,D;apCTaeHHLIX npe,u;npiDITHA noTpeoyeT TaKJKe npoae,n;eumr cne,n;yro~ux MeponpiDITHfl: • 3a1Cpb117l1Je ~ npeimpuRmuil. ,IJ;Ba npe,n;npiDITH.SI CBHHD;OBo-D;HHKOBLie py,IUI:nKH AJrrLIHTODKaHa H Y'IKYnaxa, no-BH,D;HMOMf, npH,IJ;eTcx 3aKPLITL. HMeiOTC.SI H ,D;pyme ue CTOnL oqeau.u;uLre KaH,D;H,D;aTLI ua 3aKpLITHe. Heooxo,u;:nMo nposeCTH o6cne,n;oaaHHe c D;eJibiO aHa1IH3a KOHKfpeHTOCDOCOOHOCTH H npHOLIDbHOCTH OT,n;enLHLIX ropHO,D;OOLIBaiOJIUIX npe,D;DpmiTHfl Y36eKHcTaua a ycnoamrx pbmoquoA 3KOHOMHKH. PewenHe o 3aKPbiTHH npe,D;DpruiTHff cne,n;yeT npHHHMaTL Ha OCHOBe BLIBO,D;OB, c,n;enaHHLIX B pe3yJibTaTe TaKOrO aHanH3a. • C~ 'll.lCIIeHHOCTT nepcoHQIIQ. Bee npe,D;DpruiTH.SI, KOTOpble nocemna MHCCIDI, HMeiOT nepeyKOMnneKTOBaHHLIH nepCOHan. qaCT:H'IHO 3TO CB.SI3aHO C TeM, wn'O ropHO,D;OoLmaromoe npe,u;npmrriDI B 6LmmeM CCCP BbmOnH.SIIOT <jlyuKD;HH, KOTOpble ue xaparrepHbi AID1 3alla,IUibiX KOMDaHH:A. .Jlpyro:A npH'IHHOA JIBJij[IOTC.SI Te orpauiNeHml B npose,n;eHHH Ka,JJ;pOBOff DOJIHTHKH, KOTOpble HaKna,u;biBaiOTCJI Ha XOlJI:ACTBeHHLIX pyKOBO,n;HTeneA rocy,n;apCTBOM. PyKOBO,n;HTeJI.SIM ,D;OJDKHa 6b1Tb npe,D;OCTaBneHa UOJIHa.SI csooo,D;a s onpe,D;eneHHH Tpe6yeMoA qacneunoCTH nepconana H B03MO}K}IOCTL peanH30BLIBaTL npHWITbie peweumr. 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TaKOBbi Henocpe,D;CTBeHHLie H nepaooqepe,IUILie 3a,D;aqu, cToxw;ue nepe;a; ;a;aHHLIM ceKTopoM. PemeHHe HX noTpe6yeT ;a;eficTBHfi npaBHTeJibCTBa Ha pa3HbiX ypo:sru~x. A. YCJIOBli.SI llPOBE.[(EHHSl OTPACJIEBOA: PE<I>OPMbl OPrAHU3AQ»OHHAHCTPYKTYPA 12.3 B o6naCTH TpaHcnopTa Ha6nro;a;aeTc.SI qpe3BbNafiHoe pacnbmeHHe OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH. Ha MHHHCTepCKOM ypOBHe 3a OTpaCJib OTBeqaroT 5 rocy.u;apCTBeHHLIX OpraHOB: MHHHCTepCTBO WOCCefiHbiX ,D;OpOr, ~oHepHax Kopnopau;IDI aBTOMOOHJILHoro TpaHcnopTa, YnpaaneHHe .JKene3Ho;a;opoJKHoro TpaHcnopTa, YnpaBJieHHe rpaJK,IJ;aucKofi aaHau;HH (BKJiroqax y36eKCKfiO aBHanHHHIO) H TawKeHTcKrur acco~H~ npe,n;npiDITHff nacca:xrnpcKoro TpaucnopTa. Pa6ozy 3THX MHHHCTepcTB KOOP.u;HHHpyroT 3aMecTHTenL npeMoep-MHHHcTpa, a TaiOKe OT.u;en cTpOHTenLCTBa, CB>I3H H -rpaHcnopTa npH Ka6HHeTe MHHHCTpoa. HbiHEIDHEE COCTOHHUE H OPOBJIEMbl MaTepHaJIJJHaJI 6a3a 12.4 llpH TenepewHeM yposHe pa3BHTIDI Y36eKHCTaH HMeeT ;a;oCTaToqHyiO MaTepuanLHYIO 6a3y ;a;m1 aBTOMOO'MJILHOro, :>KeJie3HO;D;OPOmiOro H B03;a;YIUHOro TpaHCDOpTa. llpOTXJKeHHOCTL WOCCefiHbiX ,D;Opor B Y36eKHCTaHe COCTa.BJUieT 42 TblCj[qH KM, a MeCTHbiX ;a;opor (OOCJIY)KHBaiO~HX ropo;a;a, ;a;epeBHH, K0Jr.A03bl B npe.u;npiDITmi) -- 90 TbiCj[q KM. CeTb aBTOMOOHJILHLIX .u;opor DOKpLmaeT npaKTHqecK.Q BCIO CTpauy, OC06eHHO ryCTOHaceneHHLie pafiOHLI. Cpe,IJ;HSUI DJIOTHOCTb aBTOM06HJibHbiX ,IJ;OpOr COCTaBJUleT 0,3 KM./KB.KM, TO eCTb npHMepHO nOJIOBHHY COOTBeTCTBYIOmeff BeJIJiqHHLI 8 BOCTOqHofi EBpOne H 6 KM Ha 1000 HaceJieHIDI, TO eCTL npHMepHo CTOJihKO .JKe, cKOJILKO s BoCToqaofi Espone. CHcTeMa .JKeJie3HbiX ,u;opor o6cny}lrnsaeT ocHOBHbie TpaHCDOPTHbie KOpH,D;Opbi CTpaHbl. Qt)~ax npOTSDKeHHOCTL ee JIHHHfl -- 3500 KM (H3 HHX 270 KM sneKTPHcPHJJ;HPOBaHLI). OTpacnb pacnonaraeT napKOM H3 600 MamCTpanLHLIX nOKOMOTHBOB. 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B 1991 r. no xene3HOA ,u;opore nepeBe3eHO 60 MHJIJIHap.IJ;OB TOHHOKHJIOMeTpOB HJIH 75 npou;eiiTOB BCero OO'beMa TpaHCUOpTHbiX nepeB030K (HCKJIIO'tJa.sl TpyoonpOBO.n;DI) H 4,5 MHJIJIHap.n;a naccaJKHpOK.HJIOMeTpOB, TO eCTb OKOJIO 50 npoo;eHTOB Me}K,Izyropo.n;nLIX naccaJKHpcKHx uaseMHLIX nepeB030K. CpasHHTeJILHO Ba..>KHYJO poJIL BLmOJIWIJI u B03,u;ymHLm TpaHcnopT, rJiaBHLIM o6pasoM B coo6~eHIDIX c .u;pymMH 'tJaCTXMH 6DIBwero CCCP (B03,Izyll1Hblft: TpaHcnopT nepene3 10,5 MJip.n; naccaJKHpOK1,.1JIOMeTpos B 1991 r.). 12.7 B 6JIH}KaAwue uecKOJILKO neT, no-BH,D;HMOMf, npou3off.u;yr c~eCTBeHHLie H3Meneu~~.s~ B cnpoce Ha TpaHCnOpTHble yc.rrym. 06~HA cnpoc, BepO.siTHO, CHH3HTC.sl, DOCKOJibKY :u;eHbi Ha TpaHCUOpTHble YCJIYrH 6y,JzyT 6onee TeCHO YB.sl3aHbi C H3.IJ;epXKaMH H B CB.K3H C 3THM CTaHYT OTHOCHTeJILHO lPOJiee BbiCOKHMH. 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KpOMe TOI'O, HCDOJIL30BaHHe onpe.n;eJieHHLIX MamCTpaneA MOXeT t5LITL 3aTpy,1UieHO BpeMeHHOA JIH60 DOCTOJIHHOA: neperpy3KOA CYI.QeCTBYJOIIUfX TpaHCDOPTHbiX MO~HOCTeA, HanpHMep, Ha rpaHH[(e Me}K,J.zy Ka3axCTaHOM H KuTaeM. <l>aKTOp OTC}'TCTBH.K BLIXO.D;a K MOpiO OC06eHHO Ba.>KeH ,D;JI.sl Y36eKHCTaHa B CB.si3H C ero TeCHLIMB 3KOHOMH'tJeCKHMH CB.si3.SIMH co CTPaHaMH t5Lmwero CCCP u, cooTseTCTBeHHO, OTHOCHTeJILHO BLICOKOA ,u;oneA BHeWHeA TOprOBJIH DO OTHOWeHHIO K OO~eMY 06'beMf npOH3BO.D;CTBa. llOSTOMY npaBHTeJILCTBO COBepmeHRO npaBHJILHO BLI,JJ;e.IDieT Me2K,D;yHapO.D;HbiH TpaHCDOpT B Ka"'eCTBe O.D;HOA H3 npHOpHTeTHbiX 3a,D;all C TeM, 'IT06LI  -185- CTpaua pacnonarana uecKOJILKHMH a.n:LTepuaTHBHLIMII TpaacnopTHLIMH cpe,u;CTBaMH (xene3HO,u;opoJKHLII, aBTOMOOHJibHLIH H CMeWaHHLm). H~OHaJibHrul aBHaJIHHIDI He,D;aBHO DOAilHCaJia Me.lKIIpaBHTeJILCTBeBHLte cornaweurur o6 asHanyrewecTBIDIX c KHTaeM, BennKo6pHTaHHeA, EmnTOM, fepManuea:, HH.u;He:A, H3paHJieM, IlaKHCTaHOM H Typnuea:. 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OTPACJIEBMI PE<I>OPMA: HAllPABJIEHHSI H PEKOMEH)l.AUHH 12.9 KaK H B ,u;pymx OTpaCJI.JIX 3KOHOMHKH, 3KOHOMHqecKaJI npO"'HOCTb TpaHCDOpTHOA CHCTeMLI 3aBHCHT OT oc~ecTBJieuru~ px,u;a Mep CTPYKTYPHOA nepecTpOAKH H OT Toro, KaK OHH 6y,u;yT npoBOAHTLC"· 3a.u;aqa HOMep O,IUIH -- pa3pa60TaTb COOTBeTCTByroiizyiO CHCTeM}' CTHM}'JIOB ,D;JUI OTpaCJIH, a HMeHHO: D;eHLI ,D;OJDKHLI COOTBeTCTBOBaTb Pa3HOOOPa3HIO TpaHCDOPTHLIX yc.nyr; HanOm H c60phl ,D;OJDKHLI OCHOBLmaTLCg Ba 6onee pa3YMHLIX H cnpase,u;nHBLIX KpHTepru~x; HaKOHeu;, ,u;oJI)KHa 6LITL co3,u;aua pLmoquru~, KOHKYPeHTBu cpe,u;a. H3Meueuru~ B cnCTeMe cTHMfJIOB ,u;oJDKHLI conpoao}K,D;aTbC.Sl nepecTpo:AKoA nponecca npHWITWI pemeiUUI, HHCTpyKUH:A H TaK ,u;anee. TOJibKO DOCJie C03,D;aHIDI 3<l><l>eKTHBHO:A CHCTeMbl CTHM}'JIOB B opraHH3aD;HOHHoii CTPYKTYPLI npasHTeJILCTBO MO:>KeT paccqHTLmaTL ua npasHnLuoe onpe,u;eneBHe uanpaBJieuu:A <lmuauc:uposaHIDl H HHBecmu;u:A. COBEPWEHCTBOBAHHE CHCTEMhl CnfMYJIOB Ueaoo6pa::Joaaaae 12.10 npaaBTeJibCTBO ,D;ep:mrr DO,D; KOHTpOJieM D;eHLI DPaKTH"'eCKH Ha BCe B~I TpaHCDOpTHLIX yCJiyr (3a HCKJIIO'lleHHeM aBTOMOOHJihHOro TpaHCDOpTa Ha BnyTpHpemOHaJibHOM ypOBHe H CO CTPa.HaMB ,D;aJILHero 3apy6e:xchll). XoTg ua npaKTHKe B Bonpocax n;eu npogBJI.SieTcx onpe,n;eneuuru~ m6KOCTL, a cnCTeMe l.leHOOOpa30BaHIDI HMeiOTC$I MHOrQ'lJHCJieHHLie np06JieMLI, KOTOpLie npaBHTeJibCTBO He MO.XCeT 3<l>cl>eKTHBBO pewHTL. B 3KOHOMHKe ,u;m~ y,u;oBJieTBopeuru~ noTpe6uoCTe:A KJIIIeHToa ueo6xo,o;IIMO 6onLmoe pa3uoo6pa3He TpaHCDOpTHLIX ycnyr. ~eHLI Ha K~IH BH,D; ycnyr .D;OJDKHLI YCTaHaBJIHBaTLCg OT,D;eJibHO. Bonee TOI"O, B CTpauax, nepe}J{Haarow;ux 3KOHCMH'llecKHe nepeMeHLI, auanom'liHLie TeM, 'ITO npoucxo,n;srr B Y36eKHCTa&e (H CU3aHHLie C pa3HOOOpa3HeM D;eH B aOCOJIIOTHOM ll OTHOCBTeJILHOM DJiaHe), KOppeKTHpOBKH ,D;OJ.DKIILl npOH3BO,D;HTLCg 'tlaCTO ll CBOeBpeMeHHO. 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IlpaBHTeJibCTBO ,D;OJDKHO DOCTeDeBBO OCBOOO.>K,u;aTL D;eHbl HaTe TpaucnopTHLie ycnym, KOTOPLie MOryT 6biTb KOHKYPeHTOCDOCOOHLIMH (B OCHOBHOM aBTOMOOHJibHLIH H Me.>K,JJYrOpO,IUILm naccaJKHpcKH:A TpaHCl:IOpT). 0HO ,D;OJDKHO TaK:>Ke pa3pa60TaTb 34lcl>eKTHBHLm MexaHH3M ynopg,n;oqeuuoro pocTa ueu, ocuoaauuoro ua peanLuo:A ce6eCTOHMOCTB :z:ene3no.u;opo~oro n B03,u;ywnoro TpaucnopTa, a TaiOKe o6w;ecTseuuoro TpaucnopTa. 12.11 E~e O,n;HH DOBOA ,D;JISI oecnOKOACTBa B CB$I3ll C perynupyroJ..D;eA POJibiO DPaBHTeJibCTBa B OTHOWeHHH D;eH -- 3TO HeCOBepweHCTBO CHCTeMLI 6yxraJITepCKOro )"leTa Ha npe,u;npiDITIDIX, DPH KOTOpOI yqHTLIBaiOTC$I He BCe H3)l;ep.>KKH (B OC06eHHOCTH aMOpTH3au;HSI H 3aiiJiaTa). Il03TOM)' D;eHLI, KaK DpaBHJIO,  -186- OKa3LmaroTc.sr HIDKe ce6ecTOHMOCTH. HeKOTOpLre npe~prurriDI.siBJij[IOTc.sr o6'LeKTOM nepeKpeCT'HLIX ,u;OTaiUfA. HanpHMep, ,u;eweBH3Ha npoe3,u;a ua nacca.JK.HpcKOM TpaHcnopTe ,u;oCTHraeTc.sr 3aBLIWeHHLIMH u;eHaMH Ha Me:xqzyropO,D;HLie nepeB03KH. 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B 60JibWHHCTBe CTpaH OCHOBHbiMH HHCTp}'MeHTaMH B3HMaHIDI TaKOA DJiaTLI JIBmliOTC.51 exero,u;nLm uanor Ha TpancnoprnLre cpe,u;cTaa H, eJ.Qe 6onee BaJKHO, nanor na ,u;u3eJihnoe roproqee H 6eH3HH, nenocpe,u;cTaeauo yax3aHHbrA c Kos<ll¢Hu;HeHTOM Hcnonb30BaHIDI ,u;opO}I{HOA ceTH. B Y36eKHCTaue, o,u;naxo, TaKHe uanom He B3HMaroTcx. B naCTO.siJ.Qee apeM.si cyu~ecTByeT Han:or c o6opoTa npe,u;npiDITIDI u nanor na TpaHCDOpTHbie paCXO,D;bl, BeCLMa KOCBeHHbiM o6pa30M CB.sl3aHHbW C HHTeHCHBHOCTbiO HCDOJib30BaHIDI ,u;opoJKHoA ceTH. TaK, ,u;axe ecnH u;ena na ne<!lTenpO,IzyKTbi OTpaxana Obi noTepmnLre B03MOJKHOCTH (qero B HaCTOKJ.Qee BpeM.si HeT), llOJib30BaTeJIH ,D;OpOr He CMOrJIH 6LI B03MeCTHTL DOJIHOCTbiO paCXO,D;bi, CB.K3aHHbie C HCDOJib30BaHHeM ,u;opor. B Y 30eKHCTaHe HeOOXO,D;HMO BBeCTH COBpeMeHH}'IO CHCTeM}' HaJIOI'OOOJIOJKeHIDI DOJib30BaTeJieA ,u;opor C TeM, 'I!{TOObi DOBhiCHTb SKOHOMH"'eCJcyiO S<!l<i>eKTHBHOCTL na TpaHCDOpTe H OoecneqHTL He06XO,D;HMLie cpe,D;CTBa ,D;JIJI peMOHTa H SKCnnyaTaD;HH ,D;OpOJKHOA CHCTeMLI. MOJKHO 6hiJIO 6hl BBeCTH H HaJIOr na roproqee. HeKOTOphre H3 3TH 3a,u;aq pemaroTc.sr a pa3pa6aTLmaeMOM a naCTo.snu;ee apeMX 3axone o ,u;opo.>KHOM cpou,u;e. KonJCYPeHTHaJI cpe~a 12.13 IlpaBIITeJibCTBO yJKe npep;IIpHIUIJIO Mepbi K CTHM}'JIHpOBaHHIO KOHJcypeHIJ;HH Ha aBTOM06HJILHOM TpancnOpTe, BBe,D;JI CBOOO,u;Hbm npOB03 rpy30B Ha BnyTpHpemOHaJILHOM ypOBHe H BHe TeppHTOpHH OLmmero CCCP MeJK,Izy pemonaMH n Me.>K,Izy CTPaHaMH CHr. TaKHe nepeB03KH B 6niDKaAweM 6y,u;yiD;eM, DO-BH,IU!MOM}', 3HaqnTCJibHO BhipaczyT. TeM He MeHee, OHH no-npeJKHeM}' OCyn:(eCTBJI.SIIOTCJI Ha JIH.D;eH3HOHHOA OCHOBe. Ilpn STOA CHCTeMe rpy3bl a,n;MHHHCTpaTHBHLIMH peweHIDIMH pacnpe,u;eJI.siiOTCj( Me}K,Izy' nepeB03"1HKaMH; JIHD;eH3HOHHOe areHTCTBO "Y3BHeWaBTOTpaHc" CaMO gBJIJieTcg KpynHeAmeA aBTOTpaHCDOpTHOA KOMDaHHeA. llpn STOA CHCTeMe 3aTpy,IUUleTC51 acJ>Q>eKTHBHOe pacnpe,u;eJieHHe rpy30B B COOTBeTCTBRH C DOTpe6HOCTj(MH H YCJIOBIDIMH KJIHeHTOB H TpaHCDOpTHLIX npe,u;npiDITHA. 12.14 B HaCTOJl~ee BpeMJI BO MHOmX CTpaHax (HanpnMep, B 3an8.1nfOI Eapone) CYJ.QeCTByeT KOHicypeHTHLIA pbiHOK, Ha KOTOPOM CB060,IUIO B3aHMO,D;eACTBYIOT cnpOC H npeAJIOJKCHHe. Ilo,u;o6HLIA ODLIT DOKa3biBaeT, 'I!{T0 3TO B HaHJIY'IWeH CTeneHH CDOCOOCTByeT m6KO~'TH H ScPcPCKTHBHOM}' pacnpe.u;eJICHHIO pecypCOB. IlpaaHTeJILCTBO ,D;OJDKHO CTpeMHTbC.JI C03,D;aTL TaKOA :xce PLIHOK B 06JiaCTH aBTOM06HJILHOI'O TpaucnopTa. Y:xce c~eCTByeT HeCKOJILKO ,u;ecj(TKOB KOMneTeHTHLIX H npaKTHqecKH He3aBHCHMLIX TpaHCDOPTHLIX npe,u;npH.SITHii, KOTOphie llaxO,!UITCj( B I"'Cy,u;apCTBeHHOH C06CTBeHHOCTH, HO BeCLMa HescJ>cj>eKTHBHO crpynnnpoaaHLI DO,D; Sm,D;OH MOHODOJIHCTHqecKHX pemOHaJILHLIX aCCOIUf~HA. 0HH MOryT H, DQ-BJmHMOM}', 3aHHTepecOBaHLI B TOM, 'I!{T06LI BOCDOJib30BaTLCH HOBLIMH B03M0}1{80CTJIMH. By~, BH,D;HMO, B03HHKaTL H HOBbie "'aCTHLie TpancnopTHhie npe,u;npiDITIDI. KOHicypeHTHLW PLWOK, TaKHM o6pa30M, MOJKeT B03HHJCHYTL B BeCLMa KOpOTKHe CPOKH. IlpH He06XO,D;HMOCTH HH<!lOpMaD;IDI 0 KOH'LIOHKT)'pe pbiHKa 1lfO:XCeT pacnpoCTpaiDJTLCj( qepe3 ceTL He3aBHCHMLIX, MO:xceT 6LITL, ,u;a:xce 'IaCTHLIX SKcne.u;HUHOHHLIX areHTCTB, "'eMY npaBHTeJILCTBO ,D;OJDKHO CDOC06CTBOBaTL. 12.15 KOHicypeH.D;HIO CJie.n;yeT DOO~P.JITL H B naCCaJK'HpCKOM TpaHCDOpTe. MeJIC.,D;)TOpO,u;Hble naccaJKHpCKHe nepeB03KH -- BeCLMa KOHJcypeHTOCDOC06HU OTpaCJIL BO MHOmX CTpauax. fipH YCJIOBHH ScPcPeKTHBHOH OpraHH3au;HH pa60Tbi aBTOOYCHLIX CTaHI.UIA OHa MO:XCeT 6LITL KOHK)'peHTOCIIOC06HOA H B  -187- Y36eKHCTaHe. BH}'Tporopo,o;cKOtf naccaxrnpcKHtf TpaHCDOPT TaiOKe MOEeT 6b1Tb KOHK)'peHTOCDOC06eu. ECJIH npaBHTeJILCTBO HaMepesaeTC1l npO,D;OJDKaTb ,D;OTaJ.UIH STOMY BH,DY TpaHCDOpTa, OHO ,D;OJDKHO HCDOJib30BaTL npo~e,u;ypLI, xopowo ce61l 3apeKoMeu,u;oaaawne a ,u;pymx CTpaHax, uanpnMep, pacnpeAeneune awro6ycHLIX B ~eJIOM DOOII@eHHe KOHJcypeHD;HH H Scj>cJ>eKTHBHOCTH Ha DaCCa}I{HpCKOM MapwpyTOB DO KOHJcypcy ( Ten,u;epy). TpaHCDOpTe CTHM}'JIHpyeT KOHJcypeHUHIO Me}K,Jzy aBTOM06HJILHLIM H JKeJIC3HO,D;OpOJKIILIM TpaHCDOpTOM, TeM caMbiM BbllfY,D;HB EeJie3HO,D;Op0}KHLW TpaHCDOpT npOBeCTH MO,D;epHH3aJ.UIIO H npHCDOCa6JIHBaTLC1l K H3MeMIOlUHMC1l YCJIOBWIM pbmKa. llpHBaTH3aUHJI 12.16 Ccpepa TpaucnopTa, oco6euuo aBTOM06HJILHLm TpaucnopT H CTPOHTeJILHU: lr.0l!tbUDJieuuoCTL, OTKpbmaeT WHPOKHe nepcneKTHBbi ,D;IDI npHBaTH3aD;HH. llOBLWieHHe ScpcJ>eKTHBHOCTH ST""ifX M) J{ DO,D;CeKTOpOB npe,o;nonaraeT a,u;anTau;Hro K pa3uoo6pa3HLIM ycnoBWIM H o6cT01lTeJILCTBaM, CB1l3aHHLIM c pLmKOM, 6LICTPYIO peaKIJ;HIO ua nepeMeHLI, a TaiOKe co3,o;aune m6KHx opraHH3~HOHHLIX n WTaTHLIX CTPYKTYP· O~aKo a 60JibWHHCTBe CJI}"'aeB STHMH Ka'leCTBaMH OTMe'leHa ,D;e1lTeJILHOCTL JIHWL aKTHBHO pa60TaiOlUHX 'laCTHLIX npe,u;npHHHMaTeJieA. Bonee TOro, KaK yEe OTMe'laJIOCL pauee, aTMOCcJ>epa KOHJcypeH~HHJ He06XO,D;HMaJI ,u;ru1 ocyw;ecTBJieHWI onepao;uA a 'laCTHoM ceKTope, MOEeT c nerKOCTLIO 6LITL co3.n;aaa a c<Pepe ,u;opo.>KHoro TpaucnopTa. AlcrHBHO Pa3BHBaTb KOHicypeHD;HIO MO}KHO H B CTPOHTeJILHOtf npOMLIWJieHHOCTH npH YCJIOBHH, 'ITO 6y,u;yT pa3pa60TaHLI COOTBeTCTBYIOUUie KOHTpaKTHLie H KOHTPOJILHLie npoo;e,u;ypLI ,u;rul DpOH3BO,D;CTBa pa60T DO 3aKJIIO'IaeMLIM C npaaHTeJILCTBOM rpaJK,D;aHCKHM KOHTpaKTaM. llOSTOMY npaBHTeJILCTBY CJie,JzyeT paCCMaTpHBaTL npHBaTH3anHIO STHX ,u;ayx no,u;ceKTOpOB B Ka'leCTBe OAHOff H3 DpHOpHTeTHLIX 3a,JJ;a'l. B 'laCTHOCTH, BBe,u;eHHLie npaBHJiaMH OT 2 HIOIDI 1992 ro,u;a liiPHBaTH3aD;HOHHLie OrpaHH'ICHIDl, KOTOpLie, O"::eBH,D;HO, OTHOC1lTC.Sl K MeJK,IzyHapOAHOMY ,u;opomiOM)' TpaHCDOPTY H aaTO,IJ;OpO}KHLIM "ycnyraM" (BYJIIO'IWI 1 06CJIY)KHBaHHe H peMOHT) , Ka}KyTC1l He060CHOBaHHLIMH C TO'IKH 3peHU ODLITa ,u;pymx C1'PaH H MOryT C DOJib30A ~ ,D;eJia 6L!Th OTMeHeHLL llpHBaTH3au;D rpuc,D;aHCKOfl aBHaD;HH Y36eKHCTaHa MOrna 6LI CT8TL o,D;HoA H3 3a,u;aq ua ,u;onrocpO'IJIYIO nepcneKTHsy. 0AHaKO ,u;o Toro, KaK oua npOH30tf.u;eT, s no,u;ceKTope B03,IJYWHOro TPaHCDOpTa He06XO,JUIMO pa3BHn. KOmcypeHD;HIO H DOBLICH'I'L scJ>cJ>eKTHBHOCTL pa60TLL S'foro MO}KHO ,D;OCTH'IL 'lepe3 OTKPLITHe DO~CeKTOpa ,1J;IDI 'laCTHLIX KOMDaHHA (KaK STO npaKTHKyeTC1l B 60JibWHHCTBe 3aDa,JUJbiX CTpaH), npH'IeM peryiDI~HOHHLie OrpaHH'ICHWI ,D;OJDKHLI 6b1Tb MHHHMaJILHLIMH. C03~AHHE CETH Y'IPE~EHHR Opraee3aunonuwe CTJlYJCTYPW 12.17 Heo6xo,u;nMo ropa3,u;c 6onee 'leTKo onpe,u;enHTL <PYH~HH rocy,u;apCTaennLIX opranoa. O,u;uoA H3 BaiKHbiX qepT COBpeMeHHLIX OpraHH3aJ.UIOHHLIX CTpyKTYp 1lBruiCTC1l TO, 'ITO peryrulD;HOHHLie, DOJIHTH'IeCKHe H HH<j)paCTPYJCTYPHLie 06.SI3aHHOCTH (rocy,u;apCTBa) nepenJieTaiOTC1l C OnepaJUI.SlMH, OCymeCTBmleMLIMH rocy,u;apCTBeHHLIMH cpHpMaMH. HanpHMep, B rpaxc,D;aHCKOtf aBHaiUIH OAHO H TO :xce areHTCTBO PYKOBOAHT y36eKCKHMH aBHaJIHHIDIMH, peryJIHpyeT ,D;e1lTeJILHOCTL B03,DYIDHOJ"O TpaHCDOP't~\.~ H CTpOHT aspOnOpTLI; no,u;o6uo 3TOMY, MnuHCTepCTso aBTOM06HJILnoro TpaucnopTa ,u;o ero ue,u;aanero npeo6pa3osauu a aKll;HOnepuoe o6~eCTBO (Spano Ha ceCSJI 'laCTL PYKOBO,D;.KUUIX <llYHKUHA, OCymeCTBJDIJIO KOHTPOJIL Ha,u; OCHOBHLIMH ycnyraMH B 06JiaCTH rpy30BLIX nepeB030K H CTPOHJIO aBTOBOK3aJILJ, fipH TaKOA CTPYKTYPHOA opranH3aD;HH npururrHe o6'LeKTRBHLIX peweunA ueao3MO}KHO. B 'laCTHOCTH, HHTepecLI rocy,u;apCTsenHLIX KOMDaHHA B 60JILWOA CTeneHH MOryT BJIWITL Ha cl>OPMYJIHpOBK)' DPaBHJI, a TaJOKe Ha CTpOHTeJILCTBO OCHOBHbiX SJieMeHTOB HHct>paCTpfKTYpLI. H BCe Ee TaKH0 KOMDaHHH He06XO,JUIMO 3aCTaBHTL DO,D;'IHWITLCJI ycTaHOBJieHHbiM DpaBHJiaM, KOTOPLie OTHOC1lTC1l B PaBHOtf CTeneHH KO BCeM rocyp;apCTBCHHLIM H qaCTHLIM cl>HPMaM. Qqeu& BaJKHO, 'IT06LI rocy,u;apCTsenHLie oprauLI Pa3AeJIHJIH uecoaMeCTHMLie Me}K.JJY co«SoA opraHH3ao;HOHHLie cPYHKIUDI· 1/ B cooTBCTCI'BHH c 3THMH upuJ.maMH. upHBaTH3~ MCJIC,JO'Bapo~oro •opo:~a~oro TJ)a&mopTa 3anpe~acTc•. a ctcpa ;BTO.OpOjKBhiX "yc.nyr" MOJKCT CShiTh npHDI'I':~31fPOII&BI JIHUIIt 1!1 OCBOBC KOIITpiKTOB Bl O~IBHC.  -188- 12.18 KpoMe TOro, rocy,n;apCTBO ,D;OJDKHO YCHJIHTb 3cll<!leKTHBHOCTL CBOeA ,D;eJITeJihHOCTH B 06JiaCTB ¢OPMYJIHpOBKH 3a,x:t;atJ, ynpaBJieHIDI H KOOP.IUfHaiJ;HH ,n;egTeJILHOCTH pa3JIHtJHLIX ceKTopos. Ono npe~e scero ,D;OJDKHO HayqHThC.Sl 60Jiee rny60KO aHaJIH3HpOBaTL Ilp06JieMbi H TeH,u;eHIUIH B K~OM CeKTOpe, a T8.1CKe KOHTpOJIHpOBaTL OC~eCTBJieHHe Ha llpaKT"':dKe TpaHCDOpTHOff DOJIHTHKH -- BepO.KTHee Bcero, DO,D; PYKOBO,D;CTBOM Ka6HHeTa MHHHCTPOB. rocy.u;apCTBO TaiOKe ,D;OJDKHO y.o;eJUITb 60JILWe BHHMaHHJI MHOrOnpocpHJILHOMY TpaHCDOPTY H Me.}K)zyHapO,D;HbiM nepeB03KaM, KOTOpLie B 6y~eM CTa:nyT AJIJ1 Y36eKHCTaHa HaC~HOfi He06XO,D;HMOCTLIO. ,AJI.K 3TOro He06XO.u;HMO MO,D;epHH3HpOBaTL HH¢OpMainJOHBLie CHCTeMLI, paCWHPHTL WTaT COTpy,D;HHKOB, a TaiOKe CHCTeMaTHtJeCKH DOpyqa'rb CIIEHJ;Ha.JIHCTaM DpOH3BO.u;HTL KOMIIJieKCHbrH aHaJIH3 CHTYa.I.I;HH. KpOMe TOro He06XO,D;HMO C03,D;aTL CDeD;HaJibUOe DO,IJ;pa3,D;eJieHHe AJIJ1 pa3pa60TKH H KOHTpOJI.Sl 3a HCIIOJIHeHHeM npaBHJI, KaCaiOI..Il;HXC.Sl Beca H ra6apHTOB TpaHCIIOpTHbiX cpe,D;CTB. focy.a;apCTBeHHble npennpHRTHJI 12.19 0THOlUeHIUI Me}K,Jzy rocy,n;apCTBOM H HaxO~I..Il;HMHC.Sl B ero Be,D;eHHH npe,u;npiDITIDlMH TaiOKe Hy)f{,ll;aiOTC.Sl B pau;HOHaJIH3aiJ;HH. Bee KOMDaHHH, CIIOC06HLie pa60TaTL Ha DpHHD;HDax KOMMepD;HH B Ca.MOcPHHaHCHpOBaHIDI, ,D;OJDKHbi CTaTh aBTOHOMHbiMII. EOJILWHHCTBO ,D;OJDKHO DOJzytJHTL CTaT}'C tJaCTHLIX npe;a,npiDITHR, ,D;ruKe eCJIH OHH OCTaizyTC.Sl B rocy,u;apCTBeHHOfl C06CTBeHHOCTH. ,I\JI.sl npe,IUipiDITHA, B CB.ny 06'heKTHBHhiX IIpHqHH 3aHHMaiOI..Il;HX MOHOIIOJILUOe IIOJIO.>KeHHe, -- HaiipHMep, ~ JKeJie3HLIX ,D;OpOr B asponopTOB, a TaJOKe p.sr,u;a KPYDHLIX KOMDaHH:A apo,u;e aBHaD;HOHHLIX -- npaBHTeJThCTBO ,n;oJDKHO P83.Pa6oTaTL "rrpOH3BO,D;CTBeHHLie" HJIH "KOHTpaKTHhie" IIJiaHLI, B KOTOpbiX 6y,u;yr nepequcneHLI <!lHHaHCOBLie H OIIepaTHBH:hie 3a,x:t;a'IH, CTO.Sli..Il;He nepe,n; 3THMH KOMIIaHHSIMH (B TOM qucne ypOBHH IIpOH3BO,D;HTeJILHOCTH Tpy,u;a H DOTpeOH{:OCTH B HHBeCTHD;IDIX), a TaiOKe rrpe,D;JIOJKeHbi MeXaHH3Mbl nepecMOTpa TapH¢08. 31-0 D03BOJIHT KOMIIaHIDIM ,n;effCTBOBaTL Ca.MOCTO.SlTeJILHO, HO IIO,D; perymrpHbiM H ,u;effCTBeHHbiM Ha,D;30J)OM rocy,u;apCTBeHHLIX opranos. OO,I:lCEKTOP ABTOMOBHJibHOf'O TPAHCOOPTA 12.20 B n;enoM ,n;aHHLIR no.n;ceKTOP xapaKTepH3yeTcx neo6LitJHO BbiCOKHM yposaeM ,n;en;eHTPaiTH30BaHHOCTH! cpynKD;HH COOpa HaJIOfOB H ynpaBJieHIDI ,D;OpOr.wMH IIOJIHOCTLIO .u;eJierHpO~ a,n;MHHHCTpaTHBHLIM opraHaM HH3wero (paHOHHOro) ypoaiDI. Ecnu 6y.u;yr npHH.SlTLI .u;ononHHTeJihHDie Mep~ TaKaJl OpraHH3aD;IDI pa60TLI CMOJKeT C03,D;aTL )KeCTicyiO CHCTeM}' DO,D;OMeTHOCTH. H Bee .xce, HeCMOTpJI Ha ,u;ocTaToqno BbiCOKHH ypoaeHL pa3BHTIDI HeKOTOPLIX .u;pymx <llYHKUHH no,nceKTopa aBTOM06HJILHoro TpaHCDOpTa ( OC06eHHO TeXHHqecKHX), p.sr,n; OCHOBHLIX BH,II;OB ,D;e.SlTeJILHOCTH OCTaBJllleT MeCTO AJ]ll 3HaqiiTeJILHOrO nporpecca. B qaCTHOCTH, MOJKHO YJIYliWHTb CHTfall;HIO B c4lepe ,D;OpO:JKHbiX pa60T B TpaHCDOpTHOA DOJIHTHK.H, ~0 BbiTeKaeT H3 npHBe,D;eHHhiX HIDKe IIpHMepOB! • KaqecTBO ,D;OpOJKHO-cTpOHTeJILHbiX MaTepHaJIOB H HCDOJIHeHHX ,D;OpO~ pa60T B o6meM .srBJUieTc.sr AOBOJihHO neBLicOKHM -- s ocHOBHOM noTOMf, 'ITO B 6LIBmeM CCCP He 6hmO HH Tpa,IUIIJ;HH IIO.u;IIHCaHHSI KOHTpaKTOB Mexc,Izy 3aK83tJHKOM H CTpOHTeJILIILIMB KOMDaHH.~MH, HH ,D;OJDKHOro KOHTpOIDI 3a Ka'leCTBOM. B cuny 3TOI'O, HecMOTpJI Ua ,D;OCTaTO"'HO KBaJIH<i>HIJ;HpOBaHHLie .u;H3a:AHepco~ pa3pa60TKH H XOpOWHe DPHPO.u;BLie MaTepHaJihl (HanpHMep, peqno:A neCOK), KaqeCTBO ,D;OpO.xrnbiX DOKpLITHA OCSLAHO ropa3,D;O HHJKe O)KH,IJ;aeMOro. HH3KOe KalJeCTBO, B CBOIO oqepe,D;L, BbiJIHBaeTCJI 8 HenyJKHLie pacxo,D;LI ua ynpaBJieuue, o6cnyJKHBaHHe H peMOHT TpaucnopTHLIX cpe,u;CTs. YqHTbffirul OrpaHHlleHHOCTL ¢o~OB, 3TY BH¢paCTPYKTYPHYIO npo6JieMY He06XO.u;BMO 6e30TJiaraTeJihHO peWaTL, YCTaHaBJIHBU JKeCTKHA KOHTpOJIL 3a pa60TOA Ha K~OA CTa,D;HH H pa3pa6aTLmrur ueo6xo.u;HMLie opraHH3aiU!OHHLie npon;e,u;ypbl AJIJI ec HCIIOJIHeHHJI. • Heo6xo.n;HMO pa3BHBaTL KOHKfpeuu;uro MeJK.,DY CTPOHTeJILHLIMH ¢HPMaMH, yCTauaBJIIIB8JI Me>K,Izy HHMH H rocy.u;apCTBOM OTHOWeHIDI qeCTHOCTH H 3<!lcPeKTHBHOCTH (B UO,D;CeKTOpe aBTOM06HJibHOro TpaHCDOpTa, a TaJOKe B JII060M .u;pyroM CeKTOpe, r.u;e Tpe6yeTCJI npoae,u;eHHe CTpOHTeJILHbiX pa60T). ,I\rul,D;OCTIDKeHIDI3TOA D;eJIH npaBHTeJibCTBO ,D;OJDKHO  -189- pa3pa6oTaTL CTaH,IJ;apTI!Lie, HO .n;eTaJIH3HpOBaHHbie AOJCYMeHTLI, XaCaiOIUHeCJI DO,IUIHCaHIDI KOHTpaKTOB Ha npoae.n;eHHe TeX HJIH HHLIX BH,IJ;OB pa60T Ha XOHJCYpCHOA OCHOBe, a TaiOKe OpraHH38.UHOHHLie H ,u;pym:e npou;e,tzypbi, K8CaiOUUieCJI Bhi60pa DOAP5I,IJ;tiHKa H ynpaBJieHHJI KOHTpaKTHLIMH pa60TaMH. • YtiHTLmax WHPOKYIO .n;eu;eHTpaJIH3aD;HIO (ceKTopa), a TaJOKe ue.n;oCTaTo~ HHcPOPMHPOBaHHOCTL UeHTpa ( 0 CHTfa[(HH Ha MeCTax), npao:wreJILCTBO He CDOC06HO cerO,tJ;WI C ,tJ;OCT8TOtiHOfi 3¢¢eKTHBHOCTbiO KOHTpOJIHPOBaTL npoae.n;eHHe B .}KH3HL C80et TpaucnopTHOti DOJIHTHKH. 0rpOMHOe 3HatleHHe HMeeT 88e,D;eHHe B .n;efiCTBHe CHCTeMLI HHcPOPMaD;HH 06 ynpaBJieHHH c¢epo:A TpaHCDOpTa (CHY), KOTOpax ,D;OJDKHa DOCTaBJUITL ,D;aHHLie 0 COCTOSIHHH ,D;Opor, BHTeHCH8HOCTH ,I03IDKeHIDl, ,D;OpOJKHOti 6e30D8CHOCTH B OpOrpaMMax (peMOHTHhiX) pa60T. 0AJIOBpeMeHHO He06XO,IUIMO ynyqwaTL pa60TY CJIY}K6 DJiaHHpOBaHHJI. H3YtJH8 MeTOALI pa60TLI C KOMDLIOTepaMH H MaTeMaTH"'eCKBMB MO,D;e.IDlMH, BIDKeHepLI H TeXHHKH CMOryT OCBaH8aTL }'}Ke HMeiOil.lHeC$1 B HaJIH11HH 6onee COB}leMeHHLie H TO"'ULie CHCTeMbl, D0380JijiiOIIUie ODTHMH3HPOBaTL npou;ecc ynpaBJieHWI c¢epoA Tpa.HcnopTa, a TaJOKe pacc'IHTLIBaTL o6'LeMhl peMOHTHbiX pacxo,u;o.s. ~ 3TOro, a TaiOKe AID~ sae,u;euHJI 8 ,u;etCTBHe CHY u;eHTpaJILHLie oprauhl ,u;oJDKHbi6LITL ocnaiQeHLI COBpeMeHHLIM 06opy,D;OBaHHeM, D03BOJIJliOIIUIM OD;eHHBaTL COCTOJIHHe AOPOr. • He06XO,IUIMO CTHMYJIIIpOBaTL Pa3BHTHe HayqHLIX HCCJie,D;OBaHHA B OtlnaCTH TpaHCIIOpTa, a Ta.IOKe pa3pa60TKY MeTO,D;OB npose,u;eiiWI AOPOxmLIX pa60T C yqeTOM KJIHMaTJAeCKHX YCJIOBBA, .D;OCTYDHLIJ: MaTepBaJIOB H HHTeHCHBHOCTB ,D;OpOJKHOro ABIDKeHWI. CTaH,D;aPTLI CTpOHTe1ILHLIX H peMOHTHLIX pa60T ,D;OJDKHLI 6LITL peaJIBCTHlmbiMH; OHH ,D;OJDKBLI npHHBMaTL BO 8HHMaHHe CDOC06HOCTL npasHTeJILCTBa H no,u;p_smqHJCOB X BLmOJIHeHHIO pa60T H OC~eCTBJieHHIO KOHTPOIDI 38 HHMH. • B ,u;onrocpo'IHOM nnaue 6oJILWHHCTBO ,u;opoJKHLIX pa6:'JT MOJKeT 6DITL nepe.u;auo ua KOHTPaKTHOti OCH08e 8 '18CTHLm ceKTOp. O,u;nax:o ODLIT, HanpHMep, BeJIHK06pHTamm DOK83LmaeT, 'ITO DpaBHTeJILCT8Y H~e.JKHT: 1) :il03a60THTLC$1 0 TOM, 'IT06bl rocy,u;apCTBeHHLIA CeKTOP COXPaHHJI CDOC06HOCTL peMOHTHpOBaTn H naTpyJIHpOBaTL ,u;opom ua noCToguuo:A ocuo8e; 2) pewaTL mo6Lie aonpocLI, cnoco6uble OKa3an neramauoe BJIHJIHHe ua npoH380,IUITeJILHOCTL Tpy.u;a pa6oqux. • ,nng COBepweHCTBOBaHHSI npocpeCCHOH8JILHLIX HaBLIKOB H JIOBbiWeUH$1 DpOH3BO,IUITeJILHOCTH Tpy,u;a patlO'IHX He06XO,IUIMO OpraHH308aTL xypcbi DOBblllleHWI KBaJIHcpHKaD;HH 6e3 OTpLma OT DpOH3BO.D;CTBa, a Ta~!OKe BBeCTH CHCTeMY !IOOIIQ)eHHt 3a xopOUJYIO pa6ozy. 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DOSTOMY CJie.tzyeT npOaHaJIH3HpOBaTL H O~eHHTL B03MOJKHOCTH MeCTHOA: DPOMLDDJieHHOCTH H ~eJieC006pa3HOCTH ee DpHBJie'leHH.fl K MO,D;epHH3~HH CHCTeMLI CBSI3H.  rJIABA 13 3)lPABOOXPAHEHHE. OBPA30BAHHE H UP<»ECCHOHAJibHASI llOJU'l)TOBKA I. 3JnlABOOXPAHEHHE 13.1 IlepeCTpoffKa co~aJILHo-SKOHOMH'IecKoff cuCTeMLI B Y36eKHCTaue conposoJK,IJ;aeTcJl pe3KBM o6oCTpenneM SKOHOMHt~ecKHx Tpy,u;noCTeff. Pacna,u; 6Lmwero CCCP Mor cepLe3HO CKa3aTLCJl na coCTOJIIIBII :mopoaLSI. naceneH:wi. B 1991 r. pacxo,D;LI ua 3,u;paaooxpauenue coCTaBHJIH npu6JIH3HTeJILHo 3,7 Mnp~ py6neff, TO ecTL 13,3 npou;eHTa acex cpe,u;epan:LHLIX 6roWI{eTHLIX pacxo,u;oa u 6,4 npo~eHTa BBI1. B 1992 r. pa.cxo,D;LI ua 3,u;pasooxpauesue no,n;IUIJIHCL .u;o 26,4 MJip.u;. py6neff, coCTaBHB 14 npo~eHTOB acex <Pe.u;epaJILBLIX 6ro.IOKeTHLIX pacxo.u;os u 6,3 npou;eHTa BBI11• Hacenem~e socnpun:nMaeT 3.u;pasooxpa~~enue Kax npaso, O,IUiaKO <I>HHaHCOBOe DOJIO.>KeHHe BCKOpe BLmy,D;HT DpaBHTeJILCTBO CHH3HTL paCXO,D;LI Ha 3,D;paBOOXpaHeHHe. Y'IHTLmax 3Ha'IHTeJILHLie SKOHOMH'IecKHe Tpy.u;uocTH, ueCTa6HJILHOCTL <Punaucosoff 6a3LI, .u;e<}lHD;HT BaKIUfll, Me,D;HKaMeHTOB H Me,D;HD;~IHCKOrQ 060py,D;OBaHIDI H CBH,D;eTeJILCTBa, rOBOp.SliD;He 06 yxyAUJeHHH COCT0.5111ID[ 3.D;OpOBLSI Onpe.u;eJieHHLIX rpynn HaceJieHHSI, He06XO.u;HMO paCCMOTpeTL COCTO.KHHe 3,D;paBOOXpaHeHIDI B CTpaHe. A. YCJIOBHR UPOBE)lEHH.sl PEWPMbl 13.2 Y36eKHCTaH, HaceJieHHe KOTOporo HaC'lHTLmaeT 20,7 MHJIJIHOHOB 'leJIOBeK, KpynneAwasi cTpaua Cpe,u;ueA A3HH. Haceneuue MOJIO,D;Oe (OKOJIO 41 npou;eHTa MOJIO}Ke 15 JieT) KOS<I><I>H~HeHTOM ~BeH'IeCTBa- 0,9. 110 MHOrHM CTaTHCTH'IeCKHM ,u;aHHLIM cy~eC'l'BYIOT 3Ha'IHTeJILHLie pemonanLHLie Pa3JIH'liDI. Tax, 6onee o6pa30BaHHOe H COCT0.51TeJILHOe HaCeJieHBe JKHBeT B 6onLwux ropo,u;ax, Tor,u;a KaK ceJILCKOe uaceneune (OKOJIO 60 npo~eHTOB) xapaKTepn3yeTC.sl 6onee BLICOKHMH ypOBH.51MH 3a60JieBaeMOCTH H CMepTHOCTH. B CTpaHe BLICOK ypOBeHL po~aeMOCTH - 3,5 DPOUeHTa. C .u;pyroff CTOpOHLI, 3Ha'IHTeJILHLI KOJie6aHHSI STOrO ypOBH.51 DO CTpaHe - OT 2 npou;eHTOB B TaWKeHTe ,D;O 4,5 npOI!,eHTa B KawKa-,IJ;apLe. (Bo Bpe3Ke 13.1 npuse,u;enLI HCKOTOpLie ,u;eMOrpa<J>H'IeCKHe XapaKTepHCTHKH.) 3A50JIEBAEMOCTb 13.3 XapaKTepHCTHKH COCTO.KHHSI 3,D;OPOBLSI HaCeJieHWI THDH'IHLI KaK Ami Pa3BHBaiO~HXC.51, TaK H ,D;JUl HH,IJYCTPHaJILHLIX CTpau. Cpe.u;u ceJILCKHX .xrnTeneA c HH3KHM yposneM .u;oxo.u;a H 60JILWHMH CeMLSIMH pacnpOCTpaHeHLI OCTpLie HHcfleKD;HOHHLie 3a60JieBaHH.51, HanpHMep, HHcpeKD;HOHHLie 3a60JieBa.HHJI ,D;LIXaTeJILHLIX nyreA, a TaK.>Ke .>Keny,u;oqno-KHwe'IHLie 3a6onesauHSI. fopo.u;cKoe uacenenue, o6Jia,u;8.10~ee !/ B 1991 r. BBC6JO~CTBWC paCXO)I,lal COCTaBJIJIJIH 1/3 BCCX paCXO~OB Ba 3.IQJaBOOXpaBCBHC. llpc,JUSapHTCJILBWC A&IIBYC 0 BBC6JO~CTBbiX pacxo~ax 38 1992 r. DOK83biBaJOT. 'ITO 38TP8T&I B8 3,tJ.pllEOOXpaacBHC 3B&'lHTCJibBO COKp&THJlHCb.  -202- 6onee BLICOKHM ypoaueM ,u;oxo.rtoa, KaK npaBHJIO, CTpa,u;aeT OOJie3IDIMH, CB.si3aHHbiMH C CH,D;.sr'IHM o6pa30M JKH3HH H IcypeHHeM, a TaiOKe C npHBbi'IKaMH nHTaHIDI (DOTpe6JieHHe JKHBOTHOrO .xmpa), HanpHMep, 3a60JieBaHIDIMH CHCTeMbi KpOB006paiQeHH.si, cep,u;e'IHO-COCYAHCTL~H H KOpOHapHbiMH 3a6oneBaHWIMH. B u;e.JIOM no CTpane OCHOBHbiMH npH'IHHaMH CMepTHOCTH jJBJij[IQTC11 3a60JieBaHWI CHCTeMbl KpOBOOOpaiQeHIDI (42,1 npou;euTa), ,u;LIXaTeJILHLIX DYTe:A (16,5 npou;eHTOB), a TaJOKe TPaBMbl (9,6 npou;eHTa). Bonee BbiCOKHH ypoaeuL cMepTHOCTH B B CeJibCKHX pa:AOHax, 'laCTH'IHO 06'L.siCUIOTC.H HH3KHM Ka'leCTBOM DHTLeBOH BO,D;blr OTCYTCTBHeM KaHaJIH3aiJ;HH H. DJIOXOH opraHH3au;HeH pa6oTLI ne'le6HLIX yqpe~eHHA. no ypOBHIO CMepTHOCTH OT 3a60JieBaHHH CHCTeMbl KpOB006pa~eHWI Y36eKHCTaH CTOHT ua 'leTBepTOM MecTe cpe,D;H CTPaH 6hmwero CCCP. (Bo Bpe3Ke 13.2 ,u;aiOTc.sr nOKa3aTenu 33,00JieBaeMOCTH no p.sr,ny 60Jie3He:A ,D;IDI p8.3HbiX B03paCTHbiX rpynn). DHTAHHE 13.4 BLICTpLm poCT u;eu ua npo,IzyKTLI DHTaHIDI 3aCTaBmieT HaCeJieHHe 3aMeUTb H OBOIQH, H M.SICHLie npo,u;yKTLI xne6oM. B Ta6nuu;e 13.1, KOTOpa.H npHBO,D;HTC.H H B rJiaBe 8, DOKa3aHa Ta«Sn~a 13.1 ,D;HHaMHKa DOTpe6JieHIDI pg,u;a npO,D,yKTOB DHTaHIDI H3MCBCBHJI B UOTPC6JICBHH upo,DyKTOB UHTaBD B 1991 H 1992 IT., DpH'IeM H3MeHeHIDI (cpCAlJHC UOK83aTt.liH Bft ~ B&CCJICBHI B KI') 2 06'L.HCIUliOTC.H DOBLlllleHHeM D;eH. Dpo~ UHTaBHJI 1991 1992H3MCBCBHC a XX 13.5 B Te'leHHe cne,u;yroiQHx ,D;Byx neT, no BCeA BepO.siTHOCTH, pacnpOCTpaHHTC.si MJICOH~& 5,3 4.3 -19 He,D;OCTaTOtJHOCTb DHTaTeJibHbiX MHKpOSJieMeHTOB, MJICBhiC KOBCCpBLI 1,3 0,6 -54 uanpHMep, BHTaMHHa A H }KeJie3a. no PLI6a 1.2 0,4 -67 coo6IQeHWIM, pa3pLm MeJK,Izy 3Ha'IHTeJILH~IM PaCTHTCJILaoc MaCJio 5,3 5,1 -4 .::>KHBOTBLIC :IOipLI 1,0 0,5 -50 CKa'IKOM u;eH H H3MeHeHIDIMH B COCTO.siHHH Jliiu,a 30 23 -23 DHTaHHH ,D;eTeff COCTaBIDieT 3 MeCXUa HJIH OOJiee. C Caxap 6.4 5,6 -13 ,u;pyroff CTOpOHbl, Ha STHX OIJ;eHKax MOJKeT M)'Ka 34,9 50,8 +4(5 CKa3aTbC.H COCTO.si:HHe OTKpbiTbiX PLWKOB, 6apTep, a JiofiOBLIC 8,9 7,5 -1() TaiOKe HaKODJICHHe 3aDaCOB npO.JJYKTOB. KapToci>CJI~> 3,3 3,3 0BOI1Uf 7,7 4,0 ci>J>fKTLI, MO.IJ;ld, fiaX'ICBLIC 1,6 0,5 13.6 B HaCTOgiQee BpeMJI 80 npou;eHTOB 'Iait 0,9 0.9 MaTepeii KOPM.SIT ,D;eTeff rpy,nLIO ,D;O 2 MeC5liJ;eB, H3 KOTOpbiX 50 npou;eHTOB KOpM.HT rpy,D;biO ,D;O 3-4 Hcro'I&HK: rocKoMUporao3craT, Y36cKHCTaa ............................! ... . g_/ llOTPC6JICBHC MJICa, ~LI, MJICB&IX KOBCCpBOB, pLI«SI:.I, ~ H JKHBOTBLIX ::lKlfPOB yuaJIO Bl 19 - 67 upo~CBTIOB. B TO JKC BpCMJI UOTPC6JICBHC «So«SOBLIX, OBO~Cit, ~p)'KTOB, .10'0~ H fSilX'ICBLIX yuaJio Ba 16 - 69 upo~CBTOB. DOTPC6JICBHC M)'KH B&IJtOCJIO B& 46 upo~CBTOB, 11TO OTPaJK&CT poeT UOTPC6JICBHI BC,D;OpOI'HX (cyfSCJWIPYCMLIX) XJICtSBLIX H M}"IBLIX upo~OB.  -203- Mec~eB H TOJILKO 2Q-30 npo:c;eHTOB- ,D;O 8-10 Mecx:c;ea3 • fiOCJie STOI"O ,D;eTJIM Tpe()yeTCX ,D;eTCKOe UHTaHHe H ,D;ODOJIHHTeJILHble npO,D;)"KTLL (cyxoe MOJIOKO), "'ITO npHBO,D;HT K ,D;aJILHeAWHM OCJIOXHeHIDIM, DOTOMY liTO ,D;eTCKOe MOJIOKO 3a'laCTYIO Pa3BO,D;HTCJI B 3apa)KeHHOA BO,D;e, 'ITO DPHBO,J.UIT K ,D;H3eHTepHH H ,n;pyrnM DOTeH~a.JILHO CMepTeJILHLIM pacCTpOHCTBaM KHIDe'IHOro TpaKTa. fiO HMeiOmHMCJI ,D;a.HHLIM, fiOTpe6HOCTb 8 ,D;eTCKOM DHTaHHH Y,D;OBJieTBOpJieTCll JIHWb Ha 25 npo:c;eHTOB. 3.QOPOBbE ~HillHH H ,rvrrEA 3~opoatae *eHJUHH 13.7 l-13-3a T.soKeJIOA ci>H3H'IeCKO:A pa60TLI, 6e,D;HOCTH H 60JILWHX CeMeH .>KH3HL .>KeHI.I.UfH, OC06eHHO B CeJILCKHX pa:AOHax, Tpy,u;ua H DOJIHa JIHWeHH:A. Ha6mo,naeTCX BbiCOKasi MaTepHHCKa.H: CMepTHOCTL - cpe,IUilfB DOKa3aTeJTh CMepTHOCTH DO CTpaHe COCTaBmleT 65,3 DpOD;eHTa Ha 100 TLICJI'I .>KHBOpOJK,D;eHHLIX. 0,D;HaiCO ,D;a.>Ke 3a STHMH UHci>PaMH BCTaeT eme 6onee BbiCOKH:A DOKa3aTeJIL CMepTHOCTH B pJI,D;e pernOHOB, HanpHMep B TawKeHTe, r,u;e OHa COCTaBID!eT 141 CJI}"Ia:A Ha 100 TLICJI'I .>KHBOpOJK,D;eHHbiX. 13.7. qHCJieHHOCTb XeHmHH B B03paCTe OT 15 ,u;o 49 neT coCTaBJJJieT npH6JIH3HTeJILHO 5 MHJIJIHOHOB, o,u;HaKo perynnposaHne po.xc,u;aeMOCTH CBO,IUITCJI K HCKYCCTBeHHbiM a60pTaM. B cpe,J411eM XeHI.Il;HHa poxaeT IDITepLIX ~eTeff, a 200 TblCJI'I HMeiOT ,u;eCJITL H 6onee ,D;eTeH. CeMLH KaK DpaBHJIO 60JILWHe; CBLDlle 700 ThiCJI'I CeMelf HaC"'HTbiBaiOT 4 He MeHee 'leTLipex ,D;eTeA. KpoMe TOrO, .>KeHmHHbl pO.>KaiOT C BbiCOKOH 'laCTOTOH • 0KOJIO 70 npou;eHTOB 5 .>KeHmHH He HCD0Jib3YJOT DpOTHB03a'laTO'IHLie cpe,D;CTBa • 13.8 COCTOmHe 3,D;OpOBLSI HOBOpOJK,tJ;eHHbiX H ,D;eTeA 6onee CTapmero B03paCTa npXMO 3aBHCHT OT coCTO.SIHU 3,D;OPOBLH H yposu o6pa30BaHIDl MaTepe:A H pa3Mepos ceMLH. ,IJ;ern B ceMhliX c TpeMX n 6onee ,D;eTLMH, KaK npaBHJIO, HMeiOT xy,u;mee 3,D;OpOBLe. BLICOK ypoBeHL AeTCKOB CMepTHOCTH (Y,Il;C) - npHMepHO 35,5 Ha TLICJI'If .>KHBOpO~eHHLIX6 • 13.9 B 1991 r. rJiaBHLIMH WHPOKO pacnpOCTpaBeHHLIMH ,D;eTCKHMH 3a6oneBaHIDIMH (B B03paCTe OT 1 ,D;O 14 JieT) 6LIJIH peciiHpaTOpHLie HHcl>eKD;HH (55 npo:c;eHTOB), HHcl>eKIU~H OpraHOB nnmesapeHHll H napa3HTH'IecKHe (15 npo:c;eHTOB). O,u;uaKo 'IHCJIO cnyqaes ,u;n3eHTepun, sepo.SITHo, CHJILHO 3aHH.>Keuo. Jle'leHHe 60JibHbiX ,D;eTe:A 3aTpy,D;HeHO BBH;UY XPOH:tl'leCKOH HeXBaTKH JieKapCTB DOTpe6HOCTb B HHX y,D;OBJieTBOpJieTCJI TOJILKO HaDOJIOBHHY. 13.10 Ycnemuo npoBOAH'fCJI nporpaMMLI BaKD;HH~HH ,u;m~ npe,u;oTspameuu ,u;eTcKHx 3a6oneBaHHff. HCTOPH'IeCKH CJIO.>KHJIOCL TaK, 'ITO BaKIJ;HHaiJ;Heff OXBaTLIBa.JiaCb 60JILWaJI 'laCTb ,D;eTe:A; O,D;HaKO ce:Aqac STOT ~I no MBesmo IOHHCE4:> H B03, npaBHTCJILCTBo se uoompJieT KopMJiesHe rpy.JJ;bJO. ~~ llpH6JIH3HTCJibBO 8 IijlO~CBTOB JKeBir(HB pOJKaJOT ~a pa3a B 1'0~ y 70 IijlOUeBTOB DepepldB MCJK,Dy po~aMH COCTaBJIJ!CT 1,5-2 1'0~ H JIHn!b y 18 IijlO~eBTOB -- 6oJiee ~yx JieT. §_I B 1991 ro,llV GY.llo sa'i&To upoa~cBHe ac:ecroposseA JiporpaMMW no yJI)"ImeBHJO 3.1JPa&ooxpa.BeBH.fl. C unaJia JipOrpllMM!il GYJio llc:TaBJieBO 576 000 C:llHpaJieA. no o~eBKaM, 4,7 upo~eBTOII C:D1fPaJieA llc:TUJieBO BeJipaBHJibBO, 'ITO IIPHBCJIO K sey~'IB:WM pe3yJIItTaTaN H no6o'IIJYN JIBJICBHJIM. OGmee 'IHc:no uoJib3YJO~c:• HMH ~o 1,2 MHJIJIHosa. Ypoaesb npHMeseuu DCpOpaJibBLIX npOTHB03a'I&TO'IBbiX c:p~CTB BCBWC:OKHA. HMH DOJib3)'JOTC.Ii TOJibiCO 85 000 JKeB~. llpe3epaaTHBilMH DOJib3YJOTC.Ii OKOJIO 80 000 cyiJpYJKeCKHX nap. 0.u;&aKO BCC eme sadJIJO~aeTC.Ii BeXB&TKa JI8TCKCOB H JipC3epBaTHBOB. CTepHJIH3lU\H.fl B CHCTeMe 3,DJJaBOOXpaBeBH.Ii Be IIpHMeUCTCJI. §/ DoKa:J&TCJih ypoau ~eTc:KoA c:MepTBoCTH coc:TaBJIJieT OT 24,8 11 TamKeBTe ~o 51,4 11 Pecuydnmce KapaKaJIDaKCTau (paAos ApanLc:Koro MOPJK).  -204- DOKa3aTeJIL }'MeHLWaeTC.sl (CM. Bpe3Icy 13.3).7 HeKOTOpLie CXeMLI HMMYHH3aiUfH He OTBCtiaiOT Tpe60BaHIDIM B03. . 13.11 B 6LmweM CCCP BaKD;HHLI npOTHB zy()epKyJie3a H ,o;HcllTepHH npOH3BO,D;HJIHCL B TawKeHTCKOM HHCTHzyTe CbmOpOTOK H BaKI(HH. 0,IUiaKO HX Ka'leCTBO 6LIJIO HaCTOJILKO HH3KHM, 'ITO OHH JIHWHJIHCL o,n;o6peuiDI Coro3a. B 1992 r. npOH3BO,n;CTBO BaKUHHLI npoTHB zy6epicyJie3a a Y36eKHCTaue B0306uosunocL. O.u;uax:o, ,o;pyme BaKUHHLI ,o;oJDKHLI 3alcyiiaTLCx B ,o;pymx pecny6JIHKax 6Bmwero CoseTcKoro Coro3a, B qacTHOCTH B PoccHH, a Ta.IOKe a ,o;pymx CTpauax. B Mae 1992 r. IOHHCE<I> npe,D;OCTaBHJI 350 000 ,IJ;03 BaKIJ,HH npOTHB KOpn H AreHTCTBO CillA DO Me.>K,JzyHapo,n;HOMY COTpy,o;HH'IeCTBY 200 000, O~aKO 3TO MeHLWe nOJIOBHHbl He06XO,o;HMOrO. Bcex BH,IJ;OB ,n;eTCKHX BaKI(HH HJIH He XBaTaeT, HJIH HX 3aDaCbl nOJIHOCTbiO HC'IepnaHLI. 13.12 CTOHMOC'l'b npOBe,o;eHIDI BaKD;HHaiUfll ,o;eTeA 6LICTPO B03paCTaeT, H I(eJIOCTHOCTL BceA CHCTeMLI BaKI.UJH~H uaxo,IUITcx no.u; yrpo3oA 8 • CHCTeMa XOJIO,JUIJILHLIX YCTaHOBOK HMeeT cepLe3HLie He,D;OCTaTKH H uy~aeTcx B MO)l;epHH3aunH.9 O,o;HHM H3 pe3yJILTaTOB nOJIOMOK 3TOA CH(.,"TCMLI XBIDICTCX nopqa BaKD;HH. Cornacuo ueo<PHUHaJILHLIM coo6~eHHXM, B Hero~OCTL npHXO,IUIT OT 30 ,D;O 50 npou;eHTOB BaKD;HH, .:t'aK KaK B HeKOTOpbiX CeJILCKHX paAouax TeMnepaTYpa neTOM ,u;oCTHraeT 50 rpa,~zycos no Qem~cHIO. XOT.K TeMnepazypa TaM ua 20-30 rpa,o;ycos HIDKe TeMnepaTfpbi B03,IzyXa, BaKD;HHbl npOTHB KOpH H nOJIHOMHeJIHTa npHXO.D;5IT B HerO,n;HOCTb. ,IJ.eTH, KOTOpLie HX nonyqaroT, ue npuo6peTaroT HMMYHHTeTa. 13.13 3a~HTa 3,JJ;OpOBhSl B CHJILHOA CTeneHII 3aBHCHT OT HCnOJIL30BaHHX <t>apMaiJ;eBTII'ICCKHX cpe,o;CTB. 3Ha"'HTeJILHa5I 'laCTL OrpaHH'IeHHbiX HHOCTpaHHbiX Kpe,o;HTOB HCnOJIL3yeTCX ,IJ;IDI HX 3aKYIJKH (eM. Bpe31cy 13.4). llpaBHTeJILCTBO 03a60'IeHO noraweHHeM HHOCTpaHHbiX Kpe,o;HTOB: C 1992 ro,o;a 65 npOI(eHTOB JieKapCTB pacnpoCTpaiDieTcx 6ecnnamo, OCTaJILH&Ie npo,o;aroTcx B anTeKax HIDKe ce6ecTOHMOCTH. TamM o6pa30M, ,o;onrocpoquax nepcneKTHBa oc~eCTBJieHHX.o;JIHTeJlfLHOA nporpaMMhi o6ecneqeuru~ JieKapCTBaMH ue JIBJijJeTCJI 06Ha,u;e}KHBaiO~eA. <l>apMau;eBTLI BLICTYfiaiOT 3a y,n;OBJieTBOpeHHe BCCX .D;OJirOcpO'IHLIX nOTpe6HOCTeA nyTCM CTPOHTeJILCTBa 3aBO,D;OB no npoH3BO,o;CTBY neKapCTB a pa3HLIX pemouax cTpauLr, ocao6o.}K)l;ax, TaKHM o6pa30M, ce6JI OT 3aBHCHMOCTH OT HHOCTpaHHLIX cpapMaiJ;eBTH'IeCKHX KOMnaHMA. 3TOT BapHaHT e~e He 6biJI H3yqeH V llpHBHBKa upoTHB TYllCpKfJIC:Ja npu poQCBHH ~enacTc.ll93 upoo.cBTaM ~eTcH, po;~mmcc.x a po~LBLIX~oMax. ~yn1e .CTH HMCIOT XOpOlliHH .OCT)'U K B8KU,HB8U.HH 8 7 000 U.CUTpOB DO BCCH CTp8BC. §/ B 1991 r. 88 npoB~CBHC DPHBHBOK 6LIJIO BLI,IJ;CJICBO 55,7 MJIB. py6.B 1992 r. 3T8 cyMM8 B03pOCJI8 ~0 520 MJIB. py6., 8 UCpB)'IO O'IICpC,Ig, 38 C'ICT HB$JIJru,HH. ~CBLI B8 O~Op830BLIC Wup~LI 38 1992 r. BLipOCJIH B 15 p113. fj_l C)'D..\cCTDyJOmHc xoJio,IJ;HJILBHKH H .IQ>yroc XJI~oo6opy~oaauuc B8XO~c.ll o 3KCIIJIY8T81J.HH, KaK npaaHJio, 35 -- 40 JieT. Cy~ DO C006~CBIUIM, ~DCC Kp)'IIBLIC IJ.CBTpaJILBhiC XOJIO)J;HJihBLIC yCTaBOBKH CTp~8JOT OT DOJIOMOK. Hco6X0,1J,l!MO o(Sopy~OBaBHC ~ upOBCACBHJI npHBHBOK, BKJIIO'II8JI XOJIO)l.HJihBHKH (200 WT.). CTCpHJIH38TOpLI (3000 WT.), WDPHD.LI (800000 -- 1 MJIB.)  -205- C TO'IKH 3peHHJI ero OcyuteCTBHMOCTH, HO no ODblT)' .u;pymx CTpa& MOJICIIO npe.u;nono}KHTL, liTO ~euw ua MeCTIJYIO npO~IO He CMOryT KOHKYPBPOBaTL C MHPOBbiMH. mmEHA OKPl?KAIOQlEA CPEJthl 3,llopoBbe aaceneaaa 13.14 B STOM pa3,JteJie KpaTKO H CXeMaTHliHO 06CYJK,D;a10TCJI BODPOCLI mmenLI OKPYlKaiOII.le~ cpeP.LL Bonee nOJIHLIH aHaJIH3 npe.u;CTaBJieH B rJiaBe 14 AaHHOro OT'IeTa. B STOM pa3,T(eJie BHHMaHHe COcpe.u;OTO'IBBaeTC-'1 Ha BJIHJIHHH 6HOJIOrH'IeCKOrO H XHMHlleCKOro 3ai'J)Jl3HeiiiDl BO.u;LI B B03,D;yxa Ha 3AOPOBLe JIIO.u;el. Bo3.u;eAcTBHe ua 3AOPOBLe pa.u;HOaKTHBHOrO 38rpJl3HeHBJI H 3apaJKeHHhiX DPOAYKTOB He paccMaTpusaeTcJl. 13.15 3;D;oponLe aaceneuu.a Y36eKHCTaHa H ;lij)yrBX pecny6JIHK Cpe_u;aeA A3BH no,u;aepraeTc.a ueonpe,u;eJieHHOM)' PHCJCY B CWI3H C B03,D;eHCTBHeM Ha BHX OKp)')KaiOII.leA cpe,JUd. ,niDI aBaJIH3a B03,D;e:ACTBWI 3ar})li3HeHWl OKP}'JKaiOII.leA cpe,u;Ll Ha 3,D;OpOBLe He06XO,u;HMbl TO'IIIIde ,D;aBJible 0 DpOHCXOJK,U;eHHH 3arj)li3HBTeJieA, YPOBHe HX KOH~eHTpainfH no HCTO'IHHKaM, IJYT.SCC B03,D;eA:CTBWI, .D;03aX B pac'leTe Ha O.IUIH CJI}":Iaft B03,D;eACTBIDI, 'laCTOTe H nJIHTeJILHOCTB B03,D;eHCTBWI (pa30BOe HliH XpOHHlleCKOe). XOTJI COOtlll.laJIOCL 0 60JILWOM KOJIH'IeCTBe DOTeH~HaJILHLIX cpaKTOpOB pHCKa, CU3aHHLIX C OKp)')Kaw~eA cpe,u;oA. HMeiOTC.5l JIHWL OrpaHH'IeHHLie ,D;aBHLie, no,D;Taep.lK,IJ;aiOJ.IUie 3TH coo6IQeiiiDI, 38 HCKJIIO'IeBHeM npo6neM nHTLeaoA BO,D;bl (eM. HIDKe). Hau6onee B.~pO.srrHO, qoro SKOJIOm'leCKHe "ropJI'IHe TOtDCH" C~eCTBYJOT B MeCTax HaxOlK,D;eHH.5l Onpe,u;eJieBHLIX Cl6'LeKTOB. DHTJteaaa BOAa 13.16 Cua6zeBHe DHTLeBOI so,u;oA H ee Ka'leCTBO a Y3tSeKHCTaae npe.u;CT3.B.1lJleT cepLe3HYIO npotSJieM)'. Ha OCHOBaHHH npotS, B3.SlTLIX B pa3HLIX pemooax CTpallld H C00611.leHHA 0 cl>aKrax KHWe'IHo-XeJIY.D;O'IHLIX 3a60JieBaBHI MBHHCTepCTBO 3Jll)aBOOXpaHeBWI 38pemCTpHpOBaJIO CJI}"IaH tSHOJIOm'leCKOI'O 3arp.5l3BeHIDI BO.JlLI. 1,184 H3 3,009 CeJILCKHX HaCeJieHHhiX nyRKTOB He MOJYI' nonyqaTL npHI'O.IUIYIO AJill DHTLSI BOA)'. Muome H3 OCTaJILBbiX 1,825 uaceneHHLIX IJYHKTOB CTaJIKHBaiOTCJ[ c cepLe3HLIMH npo6neMaMH, BKJIIO'IU HCDOJIL30BaHHe OTKPLITidX BOJlOeMOB tSe3 CaHHTapHLIX 30H, He.D;OCTaTOK XJIOpa H cllHJILTPYIOII.lei'O ot)opy,u;OBa&HJI. CepLe3HOH DpOtSJieMOA:, cy.u;g DO C00611.leHHliM, .5lBJilleTCll 60JihlUa.5l 3aBHCHMOCTL OT DOBepXHOCTHLIXBOA,3apaJKeHHLIXDpOMbDIIJieHHLIMHRCeJILCKOX03.5lifCTBeHHLIMHXHMHKaTaMH(yA06peHWIMH H neCTHIUIJJ;aMH). Bo MHOrHX paA:OHax cepLe3HI:dM HCTO'IHHKOM pacnpOCTpaueHWl KHWe'IHo-J~CeJIY,D;OqJJLIX 6arrepuA: JlBJIJIIOTCJI liCHBOTHOBOJl'leCKHe CTOKH. B 1991 r. 15 npou;eHTOB npooepeiJHLIX CHCTeM so.u;ocua6.>Keuu uapywaJIH cyJQeCTB)'IOIIUie a Y36eKHCTaue uopMLI cop;epJ~Cauu Konuno,u;o6HLIX 6aKTepd, a 36 npou;eHTOB npeBLDIJaJIH HOPMLI XHMH'IeCKOI'O 3arpJI3BeHU (3TH UH<J>pLI BLIBe.u;eHLI Ha OCHOBe  -206- CTaH,D;apTOB 6LIBmero CCCP, KOTOpLie, CYASI DO BCeM}', OTJIH'IaiOTCJI OT MeJK,IzyllapO.InJLIX CTaH,D;aJ)TOB). 3Ha'IHTeJILHaJI 'laCTL HH<l>paCTpfKTYpLI BO,D;OCHa6JKeHHJI 6LIJia noCTpOeHa B 50-x ro,u;ax H HYJK,D;aeTCJI B CPOl.JHOM peMOHTe. H3 8 000 npOMLD.DJieHHLIX npe,u;npiDITHA TOJILKO 230 npH3HaHLI npaaHTeJILCTBOM He 3arj)JI3WIIOmlfMH OKPYJKaiOuzyiO cpe,Jzy. :9nu,u;eMHOJIOrH'IeCKHe AaHHLie 0 3arp.s13HHTeJIJIX, HX KOH~eHTpaJnDI B BO,D;e, ,D;03ax H 0 pHCKe, KOTOpLIA OHH npe,D;C'I'aBJIJIIOT AJ1J1 'leJIOBeKa, OTCYTCTBfiOT. B 1989 r. ,u;m1 H3}"ieHIDI 3arpJ13HeHHJI OKPYJKaiOI.QeA cpe,D;LI 6LIJI C03,D;aH focy,u;apCTBemiLIA KOMHTeT no OKPYJKaiOI.Qe:A cpe,u;e. O,u;uaKO ,11;0 CHX nop B STOM HanpaBJieHHH C,lleJiaHO MaJIO. CaaHTapuoecocrosaae 13.17 IlJIOXOe CaHHTapuoe COCTOJIHHe H KaHaJIH3~0HHaJI CHCTeMa 11BJIJIIOTCJI HCTO'IHHKOM 38.60JieBaHHff, CB113aHHLIX C Ka'leCTBOM DHTLeBOff BO,IJ;LI. IlpHMepHO 43 npo~eHTa ropO.D;CKOI'O HaCeJieHIDI HMeiOT KaHaJIH3aiJ;HIO, 'ITO cOCTaBJIJieT 18 npo~eHTOB s MacWTa6ax CTPaHLI. B ceJILCKHX pa.ffouax KaHaJIH3~IO HMeiOT TOJILKO 6 npo~eHTOB JKHTeJieA. ,naxce B TawKeHTe ,II;OCTYJI K KaHaJIH3~ HMeiOT TOHLKO 64 npo~eHTa HaCeJieHHJI. HeraTHBHOe B03,D;ef!CTBHe DJIOXHX CaHHTapHLIX ycJIOBH:A Ha 3,D;OpOBLe 'leJIOBeKa np011BmleTCg rJiaBHLIM 06pa30M 8 xeny,u;O'IHQ-KHWe'IHbiX paCC-TpOffCTBax, BLI3BaHHLIX 6aKTepHaJILHLIMH, BHPYCHLIMH HJIH napa3HTH'IeCKHMH HH<I>e~IDIMH. 3arpS3HeHHe B03A)'Xa 13.18 110 HMeiOIJ.UIMC11 ,D;aHHLIM TpaHCDOpTHLie cpe,D;CTBa BLI6paCbiBaiOT B aTMOCcpepy 2,6 MJIH TOBB 3arpJI3WIIOIIUIX BeJ.QeC'rB. B HX 'IHCJIO BXO,D;JIT OKHCL yrJiepo,o;a, OKHCJILI a30Ta, CBHHe~ pa3JIH'IHLie "'a~ H ,u;pyme 3a!"PH3WIIOD.Uie BellleCTBa. CBOIO POJib HrpaeT H OTcyTCTBHe O'IHIQeHHOI'O OT CBH~a TODJDIBa B KaTaJIHTH'IeCKHX KOHBepTepOB, a TaJOKe HCnOJIL30BaHHe TJIJKeJIOI'O ,u;H3eJILHOI"' TODJIHBa. B 'IHCJIO CTaiUfOHapHLIX sarpJI3WIIOUUIX 06'LeKTOB BXO,D;JIT SJieKTpOCTaH~H, BLI6paCLIBaiOIIUie B aTMOCcl>epy ABYOKHCIJ cepLI, 06'LeKTLI ra30BOA npOMLIWJieHHOCTR B He<t>TeO'IHCTKH, JIBJUIIOIQHeCJI HCTO'IHHKOM yrJieBO,u;OpO,D;OB, MeTaJIJIYPrH'IeCKHe npe,u;npHJITHJI, BLI6paCLIBaiOIIUie TJOKeJIIJie MeTaJIJILI, H CTpOHTeJILHaJI DpOMLIIIIJieHHOC'I'h. BLI6paCLIBaiOJ.QaJI "iaCTHJ:Ud B 83p030JILHOM COCTOJIHHH. 13.19 noJIHLIX ,D;aHHhiX 0 BJIHJIHHH 3arj)JI3HeHHJI B03A}"Xa CT~OHapHLIMB H DO,D;BIDKHidMH 06'LeKTaMB ua 3AOPOBIJe uaceneHHJI ue HMeeTcx. Cpe.~n~ naceneHHJI, npoJKHBaiOJ.Qero a paAoue ApaJIIJCKOro Mopx, pacnpOCTpaHt;HLI )KeJIY,D;O'IHLie 3a6oneBaHml. llpe,IUIOJIOJKHTeJILHOil npH'IHHOA 3THX 60Jie3HeA JIBIDIIOTCJI COJIH H HCDOJih3yeMLie B CeJILCKOM X03RACTBe XHMuqecKHe BeJ.QeCTBa B BRAe 83p030Jieil. BIO,wKET H GlHHAHCHPOBAHHE 3,llPABOOXPAHEHH.R 13.20 3,u;paBOOXpaHeHHe <I>HHaHCHpyeTCJI npaaHTeJILCTBOM 'lepe3 ~eHTpa.JILH!dfl H MeCTHLie 6IOA)KeTLL (BO Bpe3Ke 13.5 ,D;aHO ,D;eTaJILHOe OnHCaHHe OpraHH3aiJ;HH, HHcl>paCTpfKTYpLI H WTaTa CHCTeMY 3,u;pasooxpaueuu Y36eKHCTaua.) CuCTeMa <t>euaucupoBaHIDI 3,u;paaooxpaueuu a Y36eKHCTaue BKJIIO'iaeT a ce()g TpH BaJKHe:AWHX KOMDOHeHTa: <t>e,u;epanLHLIA 6IOJOI{eT no 3APaBOOXpaHeHHIO, <l>HHaHCHPYIOuntil o6ecne'leHHe ycnyr 3,D;paBOOXpaHeHIDI H 11.Brui10UUIACJI KpynuetfWHM HCTO'IHHKOM cpe,D;CTB; 6IO,IOKeT MHHHCTepCTBa 3,D;paBOOXpaHeHIDI; MeCTHLie 6IO,JUKeTLI (Ha 06JiaCTHOM, I'OpO,D;CKOM H paAOHHOM ypOBRU), KOTOPhie nOKpbmaiOT a.u;MHHHCTpamBHLie paCXO,u;LI COOTBeTCTBYIO~HX yqpeJK,JJ;eHHA H He,tJ;aBIIO ll011BHBWBffCJI HCTO'IHHK noxo,u;os, ct>opMHPYIOIIUIACJI ua ocuoae c6opoa H nnaTLI 3a onpe,u;eneuuLie BHALI neKapCTB u YCJIYr· 13.21 B Ta6nu~e 13.2 YK83aHLI HCTO'IHHKH <t>RHaucupoaauu3,u;paaooxpaHeuu a 1991 u 1992 IT. B 1991 r. 06~8JI C}'MMa 6IO,D;JKeTa COCTaBHJia 3,7 Mnp,u;. py6Jieff, H 65 npon;eHTOB 4>HHaHCHPOBaHHJI DOCTYDHJIO H3 $e,D;epaJILHOI'O 6IO,IOKeTa. B 1992 r. 06IIUie paCXO,u;LI Ha 3,1J;paBOOXpaHeHHe COCTaBHJIH DO O~emc:e npu6JIH3HTeJILHO 26,4 Mnp,u;. py6nell, npH'IeM 80 npo~eHTOB pacxo,u;oa <t>uuaucupoaaJIHciJ H3 4>e,u;epaJILHoro 6IO.u;JKeTa. XOTJI B peaJIIJHLIX DOK8.3aTeJIJIX y,u;eJIIJHLm Bee 6IOJOI{emoro <l>HHaHCHpOBaHIDI BLipOC, paCXO,u;LI Ha 3,u;paaooxpaueuue coKpamnucL.  -207- 13.22 C60pbl C nauneHTOB COCTaBJUIIOT ue6onLwyro 'laCTL oro.IJ)KeTa 3,Iij)asooxpaneuu. B T~13.2 1991 H 1992 r. B px,u;e oonaCTeA OLIJia BBe,u;eua Y3C5e1Drc:'I'IE BCTO'IIIIBII 4tiiiWICIIPOIWID JCJqr 3JQJUOO:qJilBCIDIJI (tapA- py6.) nnaTa 3a cne,IJyiOI.QHe B~I o6cny:xmsaum1: aoopTbi, YJILTpa3BYKOBa51 ,D;HarHOCTHKa, HCTO'IBHK 1991 1992 npoqnmaKTH'IeCKHA OCMOTp. B 1991 r. 32 (ou,cKa) nOJIHKJIHHHKH, 26 .IUfaniOCTH'IeCKHX KJIHHHK H 3 Pcc:IJYCSJIHKmc:KHA CS10~cT 2,40 21,10 Me.IUf~HCKIIX KOHCy.nLTaiJ;HH yxe HaxO.IUIJI~CL Ha ~HBHCTCpCTB03~aBOOXpaBCBHI 1,20 5,10 caMoqmuaucuposauuu. Pa3JIH'IHble pemouhl H CCSopY,DnBTB3BO~BaBHC 0,08 ,20 o6naCTH no-pa3HOMY no,u;xo,u;wr K onnaTe Me.IUfiJ;HHCKoro o6cJIY}KHBaHH51. B px,u;e o6nacreA HToro 3,70 26,40 sse,u;eua sKcnepuMeHTanhHU cnCTeMa onnaTbl 3a p.K,D; npou;e,u;yp. OTMe'leno, O.IUiaKO, 'ITO ecnu nau;HeHT OTKa3LmaeTC51 HJIH He MOXeT OnJiaTIJTb ycnym, ero He JIHWaiOT STHX ycnyr. Pacnpe,tleJienae pacxo,tlOB Ta6o:u,a 13.3 13.23 KaK liBCTByeT H3 Ta6nuu;LI Crpyr:rypa wuooxpaaemm (lllDL py6.) 13.3, pacnpe,u;eneuue pacxo,u;os rocy,u;apCTaeuuoro 6ro.IJ)KeTa B 1992 r. YTO'IBeBBLie- H3MeHHJIOCb no cpaBHeHHIO C 1991 r., a B ,ll&BBLIC CcBTJICSp& Dpomo3 ua 1993 r. OXH,D;aiOTC51 ,u;aJILHeAWHe 1991 1992 1993 (npou,.) (npou,.) (npou,.) nepeMeHLI. Bonee nonOBHHLI rop;oooro 6ro,D;}KeTa npuxo,D;HTC51 ua 3apa6ornyro nnazy u uanor ua CTpaxosauue 3apa6omoA I. Ccuop 3,1QJUOO:&paBCIIIUt nnaTLI. B 1992 H 1993 IT. OJK.H,D;aeTC.H 3apDJiaTa 41X 44X 37X nOBLIWeHHe B ,t(Ba pa3a - C 7 ,D;O 15 Huor ua CTpaxoaaBHC (37X) !OX 13X. 16X npou;eHTOB o6IQHX onep~OHHLa 7X 15X TcK)'ID,HC pac:xo~ 7X pacXO,D;OB (T0'1Ha51 CTpyrrypa KOTOpLIX He KoM~OBKH OX ox ox npHBO,D;HTC11). PacXOAbl Ha nHTaHHe, Ha OCSp130BaBHC ox ox ox KOTOPLie B 1991 H 1992 rr. npHXO.IUfJIOCb llHTaBHC 11X 11X 6X 11 :npou;eHTOB 6ro,IUKemLIX H3,u;epxeK, no JlcupCTBB SX 4X 6X OCSopy.u;oaauHc 6X 1X 6X BceA BepO.SlTHOCTH, CHH3SITC51 B 1993 r. AO 1X 6X lloCTCJI&BYC npHBSAJICJKBOCTH 3X 6 npOD;eHTOB. flo HMeiO~HMC51 ,D;aHHbiM Kamrra.u&uoc crpoHTcm.n'BO 6X 3X 4X STO CHIDKeHHe OTpucaeT COKp~eHHe Kamrra.u&BYC pcMoBTBYe paCSoTY 4X 1X 6X ,D;OcryDHOCTH ,u;ononHHTeJILHOfO nHTaHHH npo'IHC pac:xo.u;w 3X 14X ox AJUl 6epeMeHHLIX u Mna,u;euu;es. HToro 100X 100X 100X 13.24 B Ta6nun:e 13.3 npuse,n;eua paCXO,D;Ha51 'laCTL 6IOA}KeTa MHHHCTepCTBa 3,Iij)aBOOXpaHeHH51. ,noru1 3apnnaTLI H OKJI~ 70X 65X CBJ13aHHbiX C HeA pacXO,D;OB yBeJIH'IHJiaCb B HMor B& CTpU:OBaBHC (37X) 15X 23X TcK)'ID,He pac:xo,u;~a~ 14X 11X 1992 r. ,u;o 88 npon:eHToa. B Ta6nun:e KoMas.u;HPOBKH 2X ox 13.4 npuae,u;eubl o6I.Que u;uc)lpLt pacxoAOB Ha CO~aJibHLie ~I H OT~eJILHO Ha HTOI'O 100X 100X 3,u;pasooxpaueuue. Ha 3,o;pasooxpaueuue H Hc:TO'IBHK: MHBHCTcpCTBo 3Jij)&BooxpaBcBHJI, c:cBT.tr6p& 1992 r., c)lH3H'IeCK}'IO KYJILTYPY npHXO,D;HTC51 nOliTH 12 npou;eHTOB c)le,u;epanLHLIX pacxo,u;os. 10 Y3CSciCHCTaB. 10/ 3-ro MCBitWC, 'ICM 22,6 npo~CBTB, ~e B& TaltHC p&C:XO~ B KJalpl'ld3CT&BC.  -208 .. 13.25 B Ta6nHue 13.5 YKa3aHLI pacxo;u,x ua 3..D;paBooxpaueuue KaK .n;oJlll Tll6aqa 13.4: oT BBn a Y36eKHCTaue u p.H,lle .n;pymx Paao.-,u Ba co~ • KJ&1JPIIJIIICtepY • co~~ CTp:m. Pacxo,uyg ua 3TH ~eJIH 5,1 KaTcropHJI pacxo~oa 1992 X npoueHTa BBll, Y36eKHCTau onepe:xcaeT (Mnp.,pyCS) ,u;pyme CTpaHLI 6hmwero CCCP no 3TOMY noKa3aTemo - a ceMH CTpauax 6Lmwero 3.Jij)UOOXPSBCBHC H cj)H3Jcym..Typa 21,1 12.1 CCCP, no KOTOPLIM npHBOAS~TCJI 3TH COIUI8JILBU 3~·· 64.,9 37;3 ,D;aHHLie, 3TOT nOKa3aTeJIL COCTaBllileT OT O«Spuo&mHc 45,0 25,8 llcBCHB 43.1 24.8 2 ,o;o 4,4 npoueHTa. ,I:(JI.SI cpaaueuu, cpe,D;HHA DOKa3aTeJIL no 03CP Jtroro 174,1 100,0 coCTaBJUieT 7,6 npoueHTa, a a CIDA ,u;oCTHraeT 12,1 npoueHTa. a/ DocoCSuMBoro~cTBWMccNUM, cyfScB,lOIRsa uo-rpeCSHT~Dc H ~CTCIOfC TOBipW, COQJIUitBOC c:TpUOI&IIHC B DOCOCSD DO 6e3pllCSo~e. B. PEKOMEH,QAUHH no PEcM>PMHPOBAHHIO OTnEJihHhiX CEKTOPOB 3JlPABOOXPAHEHHj~ YKPEDJIEHHE llPOrPAMMbl HMMYHHJAUHH ,l{ETER 13.26 Heo6xo,D;HMO CTa6HJIH3HposaTL nporpaMMY HMM}'HH3aiJ;HHll DOKOH'IHB C HLDieWHeA TeH,U;eHI.'(HeA ee Tdaqatas: caepTLIBauu.sr. IIporpaMMa ,D;OJIJKHa BKJIIO'IaTL 0rpJaJpa p~ • waoospaaemre OpraHH3al'(HIO KOHTpOJUI 3a 3cpcpeKTHBHOCTLIO H (upoq. BBD) Ka'leCTBOM B~HH. B~HHaiJ;IDI .u;eTeA B COOTBeTCTBHH c nopMaMH B03 n03BOJIHT coKpaTHTL 'lncneunoCTL CrpasY ,u;eTeA, nonyqaro~ux neay.>KHYIO BaKJUIHaiUfiO, 6y,D;eT o6ecne'leHa OTMeHa CXeMLI npOTHBODOKa3aHHA: MHHHCTepCTBa 3,ttpaBOOXpaHeHHJI H CHH3BTCJI 6,30 BepOJITHOCTb OrpaHH'IeHIDI BaKJU!Hal'(HH B JieTHHe MeCJIUM. Heo6xo,D;HMO npoauanH3HPOBaTh .JWynre CTpiBW CS. CCCP. 1990 r. A3ep&r'\Jglraa 34>cpeKTHBHOCTL H K03cPcPHIUieHT HCDOJIL30BaHHJI SCTOIIU pa60TLI XOJIO,IUIJILHOro o6opy.u;OBaHWI, OC06eHHO B ICa3axCTIUI CeJILCKHX paAOHax. CneAyeT BCDOJIL30BaTL Kwprw3CTaB TepMO'fYBCTBHTeJILHYIO l'(BeTOByro MapKHpOBKY AJIJ1 Pocc:u Y~epuma BLUlBJieHIDI BaKinfH, YTPaTHBWHX 3cJ>cpeKTHBHOCTL H3-38 B03,l'.(eACTBIDl CJIHWKOM BLICOKIIX TeMnepa'l'fp. CneA,YeT Cpe,101ec ~ CTpaB -- 'll!esoa Ol'(eHHTL HaJIH"'He OCHOBHLIX BUAOB MaTepHaJIOB, OSCP, 1990 r. 7,6 BKJIIO'IU WDPHI.'(LI, HrJILI, CTepHJIH3aTOpLI B TODJIHBO. CiliA. 1990 r. 12,1 'IT06LI o()ecne"'HTL BLmOJIHHMOCTL nporpaMMLI C 4>HHaHCOBOA TOlJKH 3peHWI, CJle,DyeT onpeAeJIHTL HCTO'IIIHIDC Georp Schieber. HCFA, 1992, BHYTpeHHHe H BHeWHHe HCTO'IHHKH cPHHaHCHpOBaHIDl MHBHCTCPCTIO 3.AIJUOOXpaeau. OpOrpaMMLI HMMYHii3al'(HH H 3a,D;eACTBOBaTL HX. PAUifOHAJIH3AWf11 DPHMEHEHH11 JIEKAPCTB H DEPEXO,Q K B03MEIJIEHHIO H3AEP~ 13.27 MHHHCTepCTBY 3,D;paBOOXpaHeHWI He06XO,IUIMO COCTIBHTit nep01JeH& BaJKHeAumx JieKapCTB, CHH3HTL 06~ee DOTpe6nenHe JieKapCTB H ORTHMH3HPOBaTL CBOIO .llOfteJlldiOCTL, BKJII01JU Pa3BHTHe nom'lecm nocne,o;osaTeJILHOA cnCTeMLI pacnpeAeneuu MaTepH&JILHo-TeXJIII1JecKHX cpe,o;cra. Depe1JeBL BaxCHeHWHX JieKapCTB ,D;OJDKeH 6LITL COCTaBJieH Ha OCROBe CDBCKa 803. BICJII01f8IO~ero npH6JIB3RTem.RO 200 JieKapCTB, B3aMeH ~eCTB)'IO~ero nepe1JWI, RaC1JHTLDWOIQero 3 TWCJI'DI BaBMeBOBIIIBI. STa Mepa ROMOJICeT CHH3HTL pacXOALI Ha DpHo6peTeHHe JieKapCTB H DOTpe6HOCTB B HBOCTP8BBOI BaJIIOTe. CJieA)'eT DpHo6peT8Tit  -209- Tlll;aTeJI:bHO OT06paHHLie OCOOO HeOOXO,D;HMLie JieKapCTBa, BKJIIO'Irul aHTHOHOTHKH H JieKapCTBa WD1 Jie"'eHHJI TYOep~cyne3a. llpasuTenhCTBY cne.nyeT pacwupuTL MecTHoe npOH3BO,D;CTBO nepopanLHbiX pe~paTauHOHHLIX coneA ,D;rui ne'leHIDI xeny,u;oquo-KHwe'tJHLIX 3a6oneaauuA, 'ITO n03BOJIHT H36exan,u;oporoCTo.Kw;ero H Meuee xenaTeJILHOrO BHYTPHBeHHOrO BBe,neHH.SI pem,n;paTar(HOHHbiX COJieA. 13.28 Cne.nyeT pa3pa6oTaTL nepcneKTHBHLm nnau B03Mew;eHH.SI H3,u;epxeK, a TaKXe ooocHOBaHJIYIO DOJIBTHKY pacn;eHOK.B 1993 H 1994 IT. B03Mew;eHIDI H3,D;epJKeK MO:>KHO ,D;OCTH"'L, npe:xme BCero, C DOMO:mLIO 3alcyl1KH s 6onLWHX o6'heMax npenapaTOB ,Jl;Jij[ neqeuH.SI H3Jle'tJHMLIX ueuu¢eKIJ;HOHHLIX 3aoonesaHHA. PAJPABOTKA CTP A TErHH OXP AHbl 3,[lOPOBb.H iKEH.QIHH 13.29 Cne.nyeT pa3pa6oTaTL nporpaMMY oxpaHLI 3,D;OpOBh.K xem.~HH, BKJIIO'Ia.K o6ecne'leHHe 3,n;opoau MaTepu. llpH HLrnewuux TeMnax pocTa MeHee 'leM 3a 25 neT uaceneuHe Y30eKHCTaHa y,D;BOHTC.K, 'ITO ysenH'IHT noTpe6HocTL s con;HanLHOM o6ecne'leHHH, B TO speM.K KaK yxe ceAt~ac 3Ta cHCTeMa neperpyxeua. Cne,tzyeT CTpeMHTbCX K CHIDKeHHIO MaTepHHCKOH CMepTHOCTH, yBeJIH'IeHHIO HHTepBaJI Me)K,Iij' pO,D;aMH, CTaOHJIH3an;HH Ko3¢¢uu.ueHTa ¢epTHJILHOCTH, cHIDKeuuro ypoBWI aHeMHH cpe,D;H oepeMeHHLIX, YMeHLWeumo 'IHCJia a6opTOB. KpOMe TOrO, ,D;JUi Onpe,n;eJieHIDI H3MeHeHHH B COCTOJIHHH 3,D;OpOBhJI }KeHlll;HH TpeOyroTCJI HeKHe DOKa3aTeJIH. 13.30 HH,n;one3HAcKaJI nporpaMMa nnauuposauu ceMLH (BKKN) Morna Obi cny.xarrL npuMepoM Toro, KaK cTpaHa c npeHMYm;eCTBeHHO MYCYJILMaHcKHM uaceneuueM ycnemuo oc)'IUeCTBHlla nporpaMMf CTaOHJIH3aD;HH po}K,D;aeMOCTH. 3TO <PHHaHCHpyeMa.K rocy,u;apCTBOM npOrpaMMa DJiaHHPOBaHHJI CeMLB, KOTOpaJI noJlb3yeTC.K 3HallHTeJILHO'A no,IU:J;ep.>KKoA co cTopoHLI npe3B,D;eHTa CTPaHLI. Oua yB.K3aHa aa scex yposruct - OT HaD;HOHaJihHOrO ,D;O YPOBIUI OT,D;eJILHOH ,u;epeBHH - C DOMOw;LIO WHpOKOH ceTH KaAPOB, KOTOpLie HaOJIIO,D;aiOT 3a CeMeHHhiMH napaMH, npHHHMaiOlll;HMH yqaCTHe B 3TOH npOrpaMMe, H npOBO,D;JIT DOCJie.u;yiOw;HO MeponprurrH.SI B paMKax nporpaMMLI. no coo6w;eHIDIM, y}Ke npe)J;npumrra nepsa.K nonLITKa oocy~eHIDI STOA nporpaMMLI C 11H,D;OHe3He'A. llO,D;OOHa.K nporpaMMa HMeJia 6LI npeHM)'lUeCTBa C TO'IKH 3peHWI K8X 3,D;pasooxpaueHIDI, TaK H 6ro,D;}KeTa. CMepTHOCTL npu po,n;ax CHH3HnacL Obi ua 20-25 npou;eHTOB, ynyqwHJIOCJ. OLI 3,u;oposoe <PepTHJILHLIX .>Keumuu, cTaonnH3Hposancx pa3Mep ceMLH, H, sepo.KTHO, CHH3HJIOCL 'iHCJIO aoopTos. 3To no3aonHno 6LI csKOHOMHTL cpe,n;cTaa onaro,n;ap.K cuiDKeHHIO noTpeouoCTeA a ne'l:leHHH. 13.31 llpaBHTeJILCTBY CJie,IJyeT pa3pa60TaTb CHCTeM}' HaOJIIO,D;eHHJI 3a COCTOJIHHeM 3,D;OpOBLSl Y.K3BHMLIX rpynn uaceneuru~. Me)K.IJY pa3JIH'IHLIMH no,n;rpynnaMH uaceneHIDI Y3oeKHCTaHa HMeiOTC.K c~eCTBeHHMe pa3JIH"tiiDI B COCTO.SIHHH 3,D;Op0Bh.K. B Y30eKHCTaHe HMeeTCJI 700 TLIC CeMeii, B KOTOpLIX 'l:leTBepo H 6onee ,D;eTeA, 37 TbiCJI'I O,D;HHOKHX npecTapeJILIX, HeMa.JIO JIIO,n:etf DpOJKHBaiOT B OT,D;aJieHHLIX H Oe,D;HLIX CeJILCKHX paAOHax, 11, DO Bee A Bep05ITHOCTH, COCT05lHHe 3,D;OpOBLSl STHX rpynn uaceneHIDI HIDKe cpe,D;Hero. KaK JIBCTByeT H3 ,D;aHHhiX He,D;aBHHX 'HCCJie,D;OBaHHH B A<flpHKe, BBe,D;eHHe DJiaTLI 3a DOJib30BaHHe npe,u;pO.D;OBhlM 06CJIY.>KHBaHHeM H pO,D;hi MOJKeT 3Ha'IHTeJILHO COKpaTHTL 'JHCJieHHOCTL DOJlb30BaTeJieA - Ha 18 npOQ;eBTOB BLIPOCiiO 'IHCJIO ,D;eTeA, KOTOpLie pO,D;HJIHCL BHe pO,IUJ;OMa, H Ha 80 npOQ;eHTOB - 3a6onesaeMOCTL CTOJI6HJIKOM y HOBOpOJK,D;eHHhiX. DLIJIO OOHapy}KeHO, 1.1TO BBe,D;eHHe DJiaTLI 3a ycnym B pa3Mepe 1,5 npOQ;eBTa OT HenpO,JJ;OBOJILCTBeHHbiX pacXO,D;OB CeMLH, Ha 2/3 CHIDKaeT DOJib30BaHHe 3THMH ycnyraMH. 13.32 ~eCTByeT B03MO}KHOCTb HCDOJib30BaHHJI WHpOKOA rocy,u;apCTBeHHOA HHtPOPMaJ.UIOHHOA CeTB B o6naCTII 3,n;pasooxpaueHIDI AJI.K BLlliBJieHH.K y.K3BHMLIX rpynn uaceneHIDI. MO)KHO seCTH ua6nro,u;eHHe :sa ,D;eTLMH H O,D;HHOKHMH npeCTapeJILIMH, 'ITOOLI OTCJieJKHBaTL H3MeHeHH.K B HX DHTaHHH BCJie,D;CTBHO 3aMeiiLI O.u;HHX npO.u;yKTOB .u;pymMH. nJUI ,D;eTeA BruKHLIM DOKa3aTeJieM npOOJieM C UHTaHHeM JIBJ.UliOTCJI TeMDLI eJKeMeC.K'IHoro pocTa. Mo.>KHo OLIJIO OLI OKa3LmaTL ue.111esyro noMO~L paAoHaM, r.u;e ua6nro.u;aeTCJI poeT TPY,D;HOCTeA c nnTaHHeM. Cne,IIYeT yB513aTL 3amwry Y5!3BHMLIX rpynn uaceneHH.K c uau;uouanLHLIMH DpOrpaMMaMH COD;HaJihHOl"l 3a~HTLI. -210- -211-  -212- UEJIEBOE OOCJil?KHBAHHE Y.RJBHMbiX f'PYDD JIHKBHAAUH.RHEH~~XBH~OBOBCJI~BAHH.RH60JIEE3~~EKTHBHOEHCOOJih30BAHHE PECYPCOB 13.33 B cpe,D;necpoqnoA nepcneKTHBe Mnome cny}K6Lr cne,oyeT npusam3nposan HJIH JIHKBH,IU~poaan.. HanpHMep, CaHaTOpHH SIBJUIIOTC.sl MeCTaMH OT,D;LIXa, H HX He CJie,D;yeT cy6CH,D;HpOBaTL. ECJIH B03MO.>KHO, cne,D;yeT npuaaTH3HpoaaTL XHMHKO-Q>apMaKonomqecKHA 3aBO,JJ;. IIpaauTeJILCTBY na.u;o noBLICHTL ScpQleKTHBHOCTL HCDOJIL30BaHIDI pecypCOB B 3,D;paBOOXpaHeHHH. BY36eKHCTaHe CJIHWKOM MHOro 60JibHH1ffiLIX KOeK. MO.}KHO 6LIJIO 6hi 3aKpLITb HHQ:le~HOHHLie 60JibHHUbi (B HHX 3aiDITO 61-66 DPOUeHTOB KOeK) H zy6epicyJie3HLie 60JibHHULI (48-79 npOUeHTOB). HLmeWHHA DOKa3aTe1IL- 12,1 KOeK Ha TLIC.slqy qeJIOBeK naceneumr- 6Lm 6Lr BLnne a Y36eKHCTane, lleM a 6oJILWHHCTBe cTpan co cpe,D;HHM ypoaneM ,D;OXO,D;a, .u;axe eCJIH JIHKBH.u;HpOBaTb 50 DPOUeHTOB KOeK. 3TO MO:>KHO C.D;eJiaTb, COKpaTHB nepHO,n npe6LmaHH.sl DaUHeHTOB s CTao;Houape. Cne,zyeT coKpaTHTL pa3,IJ.YTLie wTaTLI Me,D;HKOB no CTpane, ysOJIHB npnMepno 40 npoueHTOB Bpa1.Jeit. I10Ka3aTeJib liHCJia BpaqeiVMe,D;HUHHCKHX CeCTep DO OTHOWeHHIO KO BCeMY HaCeJieHHIO Y36eKHCTaHa Ha HeCKOJibKO DOP.si,D;KOB BLWie, lleM B THDHliHOA CTpaue C YPOBHeM ,D;OXO.D;OB HIDKe cpe,D;Hero H p.si,JJ;e CTpaH C BLICOKHM ypOBHeM ,D;OXO,D;OB. 13.34 }f3-3a pa3,IzyTbiX WTaTOB H HHcl>IDID;HH paCTeT ,D;OID! tliO,II;}KeTa MHHHCTepCTBa 3,D;paBOOXpaHeHJU[, KOTopa.sr npuxo,D;HTC5l ua 3apa6oTHYIO nnazy. B 1991 r. 3apa6oma.sr nnaTa H uanor na CTpaxosaHne 3apa60THOA nJiaTLI C'Le,D;aJIH 51 DPOUeHT 6IO,IPKeTa. B npoeKTe 6IOA'f{eTa Ha 1992 r. STOT nOKa3aTeJIL BhlpOC ,D;O 57 npou;eHTOB. CoKpa~eHHe WTaTa BLICB060,IUIJIO 6LI TPY,D;OBbie pecypCLI ,D;rul HCnOJIL30BaHIDI B ,D;pyrHX OTpacJI.siX. K TOMY }Ke STa Mepa He OKa3aJia 6LI OTPHUaTeJILHOro B03,D;eACTBIDI Ha COCTO.siHHe 3,D;OPOBL.SI HaCeJieHH.SI, a DOJIOJKeHHe B Y 36eKHCTaHe npH6JIH3HJIOCL 6LI K nOJIOJKeHH!O B ,IU)yrHX CTpa.Hax C ypOBHeM ,D;OXO,D;OB HIDKe cpe,D;Hero. CJie,IzyeT COKpaTHTL WTaTLI Me.u;HD;HHCKHX yqpe}K'.AeHHA, O.IUiaKO, C ,u;pyroA CTOPOHLI, BUCHO OUeHHTL, KaK pOCT 6e3pa60THULI CKaJKeTC51 Ha DOTpe6HOCT51X BLmJiaT no COinfa.JibHOMY o6ecne'leHHIO. ,niDI fiOTep51BWHX pa60TY COTPY,D;HHKOB Me,D;HD;HHCKHX yqpeJK,D;eHHA DOTpe()yeTC.sl OpraHH30BaTL npOrpaMMLI nepeKBaJIHQlHKauHH. 13.35 YaonenHLIM spa'laM MO}KHO peKoMeH,D;oBaTL npe,u;OCTaBIDITL YCJIYTH a paMKax qaCTHoA npaKTBKH, r,D;e rocy,D;apCTao ue yCTanawumaeT n;euLr. KpoMe Toro, 'laCTHonpaKTHKYIOJ..UHe apaqu MOrJIH 6LI KOHK}'PHPOBaTL ,D;pyr C .o;pyroM, 'ITO paCWHp.KJIO 6LI 06'LeM ycnyr H CHIDKa.JIO UeHLI~ npe,D;OCTaBmUI tlOJiee WHpOKiiA Bbi60p DOTpe6HTeiDIM. 13.36 IlpMMeHeHHe YKa3aHHA B03 DO KJIHHH'IeCKOM)' KOHTpOJIIO H peryJIHpOBaHHIO MOrJIO 6LI CHH3HTL 06'LeM He06XO,D;HMLIX HH'LeKUHA H DOTpe6HOCTH B JieKapCTBax, COKpaTHTL ,D;JIHTeJILHOCTL npe6LmaHWl B CTaQHOHape, DOBLICHTb 34>cpeKTHBHOCTL HCDOJib30BaHIDr pecypCOB H Ka'leCTBO 06CJIYJKHBaHH51. Muome JieKapCTBa 6e3 HYJK.IUal BBO,I1;51TC.sl napeHTepaJILHO, 'ITO pe3KO DOBLDDaeT DOTpe6HOCTL B HrJiax H WDpHn;ax. DEPEPACDPE.QEJIEHHE BIO,Qi1(ETA MHHHCTEPCTBA 3~PABOOXPAHEHHJI 13.37 TipaaHTeJILCTBY cne,IzyeT pemHTL, KTO 6y.u;eT onpe,D;eJJJITL npuopHTeTLI s 3,JJ;paaooxpaueHHH, sw6paTL KpHTepuu AIDl onpe.u;enenH11 npeopHTeTOB H npHWITb peweuu no pacnpe,D;eJieHHIO pecypcos. Cnep;yeT pa3pa60TaTL OCHOBnyiO CTpaTemiO, KOTOPWI 6y,u;eT 06JI8,JJ;aTb npHOpHTeTHLIM npaBOM Ha ci>HHaHCHPOBaHBe, 'ITO OC06eHHO Ba>KHO, yqHTLmU BLICOKHA YPOBeHL HH4>JI.5[IJ;HH H ueonpe~eJieHHOCTL Pa3MepOB 6IO,u;JKeTa. IIpOBe,D;eHHe ycneWHLIX DPOcl>HJiaKTHlJeCKHX npOrpaMM CHH3HT DOTpe6HOCTL B ,D;OpOroCTO~eM JielJeHHH H DOSTOMY ,D;O~O DOJIL30BaTLCB DpHOpHTeTOM DpH pacnpe,D;eJieHHH cpe,D;CT& IIpasHTeJILCTBY cne,JzyeT nepepacnpe,D;eJIHTL <JlOH.IUd cpe.u;H npuopHTeTHLIX o6naCTeA, 'IT06LI o6ecne'IHTL BM He06XOAHMYIO cl>HHaHCOBYIO nO,IUJ;epJKicy. IIpuopHTeTHLie DpOrpaMMLI ,D;OJDKHLI DOJib30BaTLCJI 3aiiJ;HTOA OT HHfi>JIJIUHH B03MO}K!IOro ype3aHH51 <JlHHaHCHPOBaHIDI.  -213- OU£HKA COCTOHHHH OKP)?KAIOIJ!EA CPE,l.lbl 13.38 CJie.IzyeT OJJ;eHHTb BJIIDIHHe COCTOXHIDI OKpy)KaiO~eA cpe,D;bl Ha 3,D;Op0Bbe HaCeJieHIDI B )J;OJiroCpO"'HOA nepcneKTHBe. 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HBTcac~maoe HCDOJID30BIUIHC BOA AN)'AapJ.H H Cwpp,apa.H AU opomeBH.I a pccuy6mocu Cp~ea A.3n • KUIXCTIUIC upHBt"JIO K BeoC5pamiOION)' BLICYXIUIHJO MOp.B H pupymcBHJO cro C5acccba. 3a DOCli~HC 30 JICT DJIO~QIIo Apam.atOI'O Mop• COKpiTHJIICia C 68 000 11,0 39 000 KBI,IQ)&TBYX IDIJIOMCTPOI, OC51.CM IW.D;Y CBH3HJICJI1J,O ypoau, COCTUll.IJO~Cro Mcm.mc O.Jg~OI T()CTH DCpBOBI11aJIIaBOro (c 1005 ~ 11,0 280 ~), a KOBIJ.CIITpau,H.I COJIH y&CJIH'IHJI&Cll» C 10 11,0 28 rp&NMOB B& mrrp MOpcriOIBO~.  -234- CB.SI3aHHLie C 3arpH3HeHHeM BO~bl.) HanpHMep, peKa AMy~apb.SI.SIBJI.SieTC.SI OCHOBHLIM HCTO'IHHKOM DHTLeBOA BO~I B pafioue 6accel1Ha. B Te'leHHe HeKOTOpbiX MeC.SIIJ;eB CTeneHb MHHepaJIH3ail;HH BOALI B AMy,u;apLe COCTaBJUleT OT 0,54 ,11;0 0,75 rpaMMa Ha JIHTp BO~I, B TO BpeMH KaK HOpManLHLW ypOBeHL paBeB 7 MHJIJIHrpaMMaM Ha JIHTp. )l{eCTKOCTL BO,IJ;LI npeBLllllaeT 1 rpaMM Ha JIHTp. 14.6 1-hyqeHHe HMeiO~HXC51 B HaJIH'IHH ~aHHbiX DOKa3LmaeT, 'ITO HaH60Jiee cepLe3HLlt•' np06JieMLI, scTaiO~He nepe~ 3~pasooxpaueuueM B CB513H c uapyweuueM OKpyxaro~eA cpe~I B 6acceAuax peK AMy,u;apb.SI H CLrp,u;apb.SI, .SIBJUIIOTC51 pe3yJILTaTOM B03,IJ;efiCTBIDI OCTaTKOB HHTpaTOB H DeCTHIUI,D;OB. 3TH BLffiO,D;bi COOTBeTCTBYIOT WHpOKO pacnpOCTpaneHHOMY MHeHHIO 0 TOM, 'ITO t.Jpe3MepHOe H HeOCTOpO}KHOe HCDOJ!L30BaHHe neCTHIJ;H,IJ;OB H y,u;o6peHHA 51BJI..S[eTC51 rJiaBHLIM cpaKTOpOM, Ha KOTOpLm CJie,JzyeT Oc5paTIITL BHHMaHHe. T~l •• l BBAY CCJ~LCKOJ:03.dCI'IICBBJ.IX Q'lllt'I'JP. BYP'ml"''eNJ.IJ' ua opomaeao.n: 3CKliD: B fiYBiliCK CoiiCTC&:OII Coi03C K BOBLIX pccuy6D:Box (1987 r.) <• upo~eB'l'U) Bccro Bccro 3cpao XnoDOK H O&OIIUI KopMoawc H TOB&pBLIC uacrtSHilta K)'JibT)'PLI liLIBmmi CoacTcKHii Co103 100 23 23 7 47 PoccHH 100 24 2 8 66 YKpaHHa 100 35 5 11 49 Y36CKHCTBB 100 12 60 ~ 23 Ka3axcraa 100 28 12 6 54 rpy3M 100 30 4 16 50 A3cp6aft;roKau 100 30 32 3 35 Mo.JI,AoBa 100 32 11 19 38 KLipl"LL3CTiUI 100 33 8 4 55 T&,ICKHKHCTilB 100 12 57 5 26 ApMCBHJI 100 Z1 5 12 56 TypKMCBHCTiUI 100 15 53 6 26 HCTO'IBHK: MHBHCTCpCTBO ~KOJIOrHH Y36CKHCT&B& 803JlYUIHA.R CPE;:tA 14.7 BLICLIXaHHe MOp51 06HaJKHJIO 3Ha'IHTeJILHLie nJiaCTLl COJIH. B03,IJ;eACTBHe Ha HBX BeTpa BpeMH OT BpeMeHH BLI3LmaeT COJI.SIHLie H DLIJILHLie 6ypu. Cpe,D;B CDeiUfaJIBCTOB r'OCDO,D;CTByeT MHeHHe, 'ITO 3TH ()ypH HaHOCJIT yruep6 KaK CeJILCKOMY X0351ACTBy, TaK H 3,IJ;OpOBLIO HaCeJieHH51. OcotleHHO CBJILHO 3aTpamBaiOTCli paAonLI, uenocpe,u;CTseuuo npuneraro~He K ApaJILCKOMY Mopro c roro-BOCTO'IHOA CTopouLI. O.u;uax:o BJ!IDIHHe KOHTaKTOB C COJILIO B DLIJILIO B pe3yJILTaTe 6ypL Ha 3,D;OpOBLe HaCeJieHH51 e~e He,D;OCTaTOl!HO H3yqeHO, B TO'IHLie COOTHOWeHH51 He yCTaHOBJieHLI. 14.8 ,ilOMBHHpyro~a.si pOJIL ra3a B BLipa60TKe 3JieKTP03HepmH H OTODJieHHH JKHJILK 03Hat.JaeT, 'ITO OCHOBHbie np06JieMLI 3arp513HeHIDI B03,JzyWHOH cpe,u;LI CB.K3aHLI C npOMbiWJieHHLIMH BLI6pocaMH H pa60TOA aBTOM06BJibHOI"O TpaucnOp'l"'a. fJiaBHLIMH yrp03aMH 3,IJ;OpOBLIO DO BCeH BB)l;HMOCTB 51BJI.SIIOTC51 B03,IJ;eACTBHe CBHHD;OBOH DLIJIH, BLI,IJ;e.IDieMOH npe,u;npHXTIDIMH IJ;BeTHOfl MeTaJIJIYprHH H cpe,D;CTBaMH TpaucnOpTa, pa60TaiOID;HMH Ha 6eH3HHe C CO,D;epJKaHHeM CBHHIJ;a, a TaiOKe B03,IJ;eHCTBBe c:PTOpOBO,IJ;Opo,u;a C T~KCKOro aJIIOMHHHeBOrO 3aBO,IJ;a H pa3JIH'IHLIX OpraHH'IeCKHX COe,D;HHeHHl~, B TOM 'IHCJie XJIOpHpOBaHHLIX yrneso,o;opo.u;os. -235- -236-  -237- OTXO.Qhl 14.9 B CTpaHe Be-T HaAJieJKaiUefl CHCTeMbl y,u;anemm TBep,IUaiX H ODaCHLIX npOMLIWJieHHLIX OTXO,D;OB. llpOMLJlliJieHHLie 06'LeAUHeJIIDI, Cci>OpMHpOBaHHLie H3 npe,JUiprurmfl MeHLWero Pa3Mepa, He 06J13aiiLI npe,u;oCTasmrrL oneTLI o6 o6pa6oTKe n y,u;an:euun oTXo,u;os. STo- 3Ha'IHTeJILHLm ue,u;oCTaTOK. He,u;oCTaTKOM .HBIDleTCJI H OTCYTCTBHe H~e.XCaiQHX HOpMaTHBHLIX Tpe60B8HHA B 06JiaCTH y,u;aneHHJI OTXO,D;OB, a TaJOKe MexaHH3Ma o6ecne11euu BLIDOJIHeuu TpetSosaunA TaKoro po,u;a.  -238- B. OB30P TEKYIUER 3KOJIOrnl.IECKOR llOJIH'IlfKH 14.10 HLmemuee 3arpH3Henue oKp}')Karo~e:A epe,IUd H ~ep6, HaHeeeHHLm npupo~ILIM peeypcaM s Y36eKHCTaHe, XBJDIIOTe.Sl DOeJie,D;CTBHHMH npe)KIIeft: 3KOHOMH'IeeKO:A nOJIHTHKH, KOTOpa.Sl OpHeHTHpOBaJiaeh ua ,D;OeTIDKeHHe 3aDJiaHHpOBaHHbiX DOKa3aTeJieA 06'beMa npOH3BO)J;CTBa 3a e'leT DO,D;pLma Ka'IeCTBa oKpyxaro~efl epe~r. 3Ta nonHTHKa eoqeTanaeb e enCTeMoA ~euoo6pa30BaHHH, npu KOTOPLie npupo~e pecypebi He,D;OOJJ;eHHBaJIHeb, a OKpyJKaiO~aJl epe,na B ~eJIOM e'IHTa.JiaeL 6eenJiaTHLIM <l:>aK·ropOM npOH3BO)J;CTBa. Ha,nJieJKamHe 3KOJIOrHt~eeKHe yCTaHOBKH H HOpMaTHBHLie aKTbi, peanHeTH'IHLie HOpMLI, a TaJOKe eHCTeM8 ynpaBJieHlUT. eOeTOXHHeM OKpyxaro~eff epe~I, 3 paMKax KOTOpOA 3TH HOpMbi MOrJIH 6LI 6LITL 06eene'leHLI, nonpOeTY OTC}'TeTBOB3.JIH. 3Ta nOJIHTHKa npHBeJia K eepLe3HbiM SoKOJIOrH'IeeKHM DOeJie,D;CTBHHM, KOTOpLie BO Bee 60JILWeH CTeneHH B03,D;eHCTBYIOT Ha 3,D;OpOBLe HaeeJieHIDI. 14.11 Ilepexo,n OT ~eHTp311H30BaHHOff eHCTeMLI X03.Sl:ACTBOBaHHH K pbUIO'IHOff 3KOHOMHKe, eonpOBOJK,IJ;aiOI.nHHC.SI nepecMOTpOM ~eH, eMeHOff C06CTBeHHHKOB H 6011ee JKeCTKHM 6IO,IJ;)KeTBLIM perynuposaHHeM, OKaxeT 3aMeTHoe BJIIDIHHe Ha s<P<PeKTHBHOCTh HCDOJib30BaHH.Sl pecypeos :w Ha CTPYKTYPY 3KOHOMHKH, a TaKJKe Ha 6y,lzyl..,:uee eOCTOXHHe OKpyJKaiOID;eff cpe)J;LI. 0,IJ;HaKO, KaK nOKa3LmaeT OnLIT CTpaH 03CP, pblliOK CaM no ee6e Heenoeo6eH peWHTb Bee 3KOJIOrH'IeeKHe np06JieMLI. IJOJIOJKHTeJILHOe B03,JJ;e:ACTEHe pbmO'IHO:A 3KOHOMHKH Ha eOCTOXHHe OKPYJKaiO~e:A cpe~ BLipa3HTC.Sl 8 peweHIDlX, npHHHMaeMLIX <l:>H3H'IeeKHMH H IOpH,u;H'IeeKHMif JIH~aMH, KOTOpLie CTaBHT ~eJILIO H3BJie'IL MaKeHMaJILH}'IO BLirO,JJ;y H3 HenOJIL30BaHH.Sl OrpaHH'IeHHbiX peeypeOB, KaK npHpO~biX, TaK H <l:>HHaHeOBbiX. PecPOPMLI MaKp03KOHOMH'IeeKOro nmUI8 ,JJ;OJI)KHLI eO'IeTaTLCX C yeHJIH.SlMH, HaDpaBJieHHLIMH Ha e03,JJ;aHHe yqpeJK,u;eHd, epe,JJ;CTB peryJIHpOBaHH.Sl H 3KOHOMH'IeeKHX CTHMfJIOB, KOTOpLie ,JJ;eJiaiOT HeBLirO)UILIM DOBe,u;eHHe, HaHOC.snQee ~ep6 OKpyxatotne:A epe,u;e, HaDPHMep, nocpe,JJ;CTBOM pe<l:>OPMLI ~eH, KOTOpa.Sl 6y,u;eT He TOJILKO OTpaJK8TL nOJIHyiO ceoeCTOHMOCTb npOH3BO,D;CTB8, HO H BKJIIO"'IaTL Pa3YMHYI0 O~eHKy ~ep6a, HaHOeHMOro HeDOJIL30BaHHeM peeypeOB OKPYJKaiO~efl cpe,n;e H 3,D;OpOBLIO 'leJIOBeKa. 14.12 3all\HT8 OKpyxaro~eA epe,D;LI ;a;oJDKHa paceMaTpHBaTLCx KaK eoCTaBHa.Sl 'laCTL seero npoo;eeca MaKP03KOHOMH'IeeKHX pe<t>opM. B CB.Sl3H e 3THM CJie,u;yeT )1;0 TOro, KaK B pLUIO'IHOM eeKTOpe Ha'IHeTCJI 3Ha'IHTeJILHOe paeXO,D;OBaHHe ,D;eHeJKHLIX epe,D;CTB, yeOBepmeHCTBOBaTb cymeCTBYIOIIzyiO 3KOJIOrH'IeeJcyiO HH<l:>paCTPYKTYPY, nepeeMOTpeTL H H3MeHHTL SKOJIOrH'IeeKHe HOpMLI H npaBHJia, yeHJIHTL eHCTt1MY 3KOJIOm'leeKOrO Ha6JIIO,D;eHHH H e03,D;8TL eHCTeMY eaMOcl>HHaHCHpOBaHIDI CeKTopa. 14.13 34>4>eKTHBHOe 3aKOHO,D;aTeJILCTBO )J;OJDKHO OnHpaTLCH Ha CTpaTemro B 06JiaCTH OKpyxaro~e:A cpe)J;br, TeeHo esx3aHIJYIO co CTpaTemeA 3KOHOMH'IeeKoA pe<t>opMLI. MHome 3aKOHO,D;aTeJILHLie aKTLI 6Lmmero CoseTeKoro Coro3a B o6naCTH oKpyxaromeA epe,D;br npOH3BOAK'f ,u;oaonLuo BuymHTeJILHoe BDe'laTJieHHe Ha 6}'Mare, O,D;HaKO OHH He npHBH3aHLI K pe311LHOA :>KH3HH. Heo6XO,D;HMO OC)'meCTBHTL nepeXOA OT CHTYaiJ;HH, B KOTOpOA 3KOJIOrH'IeeKHe pHeKH nO'LITH He KOHTpOIIHPYIOTeX, K eHTY~HH, KOr,u;a OHH 6LI KOHTpOJIHpOBaJIHeL B TOA CTeneHH, B KOTOpo:A 3TO npHeMJieMO )J;IDI y36eKeKOI'O 06~eCTBa. TaKHM o6pa30M eHCTeMa, B KOTOpO:A 3aKOHOA8TeJILCTBO B 06JiaCTH OKpyxarome:A epe)J;LI npe,D;CTaBJIHeT C06o:A KOMDJieKC 3asiBJieHH:A 0 HaMepeHIDIX, ,D;OJDKHa 6biTL TpaHC<l:>OPMHpOBaH8 B eHCTeMf, B KOTOpOA TaKOe 3aKOHO,D;8TeJILCTBO YCTaHaBJIHB8eT npaKTH'lleCKHe Tpe60BaHH.Sl B OTHOWeHHH KOHTpOJIH HCTO'IliHKOB SKOJIOnl'lleeKOI'O pHeKa. 14.14 0TBeTCTBeHHOCTL 38 ~ep6, HaHeeeHHLm OKpy:»eaiO~e:A epe,u;e B npOWJIOM, CTaHeT B npoo;eeee npesaTH3~H Ba)KHLIM sonpoeoM. OrcYTCTBHe HCHOCTH no 3TOMY sonpoey MOJKeT npuaeCTH K ueuyJKHLIM 3a.IJ;ep}K){aM npH 3a.ICJIIO'IeHHH npusam38D;UOHHLIX ,u;orosopos. H8 npaKTHKe :xce ocuoBHLie 38TP8TLI8 pa.MKaX O'LIH~eHH.Sl TeM HJIH HHLIM o6pa30M DpH,u;yTe.Sl Ha AOJIIO roey,u;8pCTBa.. IlpH STOM KpHTH'IeCKH BaJKHO yCTaHOBHTL 'leTKoe pa3,D;eneuee o6.Sl3aHHOCTeA H nposeCTH HHBeHTapH3aiJ;HIO 3arpll3HeHHLIX 3eMeJTh no xopy npHBaTH3aiJ;HH. Cne,u;oaaTeJILHO, 38 npusam3HPOBaHHLIMH npe,JUipWITWIMH ,D;OJDKHO 6L1Th YCTaHOBJieuo T~aTeJILHOe ua6JIIO)J;eHHe B ~eJIHX 06eene'leHP..Jl HX OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH 38 ypOBeHo BLI6pOCOB. 14.15 B HaCTO.Slll.lee BpeM51 B Y36eKHCTaHe HCnOJib3yroTe.Sl HOpMLi Ka'leCTBa BO)J;LI H B03,1J;YX8, DPHHJITLie s 6LmmeM CoaeTcKOM Coro3e, ,u;ononHeHHLie orpaHH'IeHHLIM 'IHeJIOM uau;HOH3.JILHLIX HOpM. CoseTeKHe CTaup;apTLI 6LIJIH 6011ee .>KeCTKHMli, 'leM eOOTBeTeT8YJO~He HOPMLI EaponeACKOro eoo6~eCTBa (EC) HJIH  -239- cmA. O,IU~aKO HOPMbl pe.u;KO HC710Jib30Ba.ITHCL B ObiBWeM CoaeTCKOM COI03e KaK OCHOBLI )J;JUI npHHYJK.,IJ;eHIDI K COOJIIO,D;eHHIO 3aKOHO,D;aTeJILCTBa; <tlaKTH'IeCKH OHH 'laiD;e npuMeH.SIJIHCL KaK OmpaBHLie TO'IKH AJU[ onpe.u;eneHIDI Ka'leCTBa BO.u;LI H B03,DyXa B KOHKpemoA MeCTHOCTH. llpaKTMKa YCTaHOBJieHIDI HepeaJIHCTH'IHLIX HOpM, C06JIIO,D;eHHe KOTOpbiX npaKTH'IeCKH HeB03MOXHO, CnOC06CTBOBa.Jia 06~eMY npeue6pexeHHIO 3aKOHo.u;aTe.TILHLIMH II uopMaTHBHLIMH aKTaMH a o6nacTH oxpauLI oKpyJKaro~eA cpe.u;LI, 'lero cne,uyeT H36eraTL a 6y~eM. 14.16 q>uHaHCOBLie cpe.u;cTsa, HMeiO~Hecx y focKOMHTeTa no JIHHHH 6ro.u;>KeTa, XBJ15IIOTcx 6onee qeM CKpOMHLIMH ( OHH COCTaBJI5IIOT MeHee 0,5 npou;eHTa BCeX paCXO,D;HbiX CTaTeA I'OC6IO,IOKeTa). CoaepmeHHO O'!eBH.u;HO, 'ITO Hi! He,D;OCTaTO'IHO .u;JI5I pa60TLI no BCeM nyHKTaM 3KOJIOrH'IeCKOA noaeCTKH .u;ml (npe,IJ;CTaBJieHHLIX BO BCTaBKe 14.3), a TaiOKe ,D;IDl npHH.SITH5I Mep nO 3KOJIOrH'IeCKHM npOOJieMaM, He Tepnx~HX OTJiaraTeJILCTBa. fiO'ITH BCX 'laCTL I'OCOIO,IVKeTa, OTBO.u;HMM Be~OMCTBaM, 3aHHMaiO~MCJI oxpauoA OKPYJKaiOI.D;eA cpe,u;LI, pacxo,u;yeTcx Ha 3apa6omyiO nnazy H co,u;epJKauue "annapaTa", BKJIIO'IM OnJiaTY noMei.D;eHHA, TeKYmHe paCXO,D;bl, KOMaH,llHpOBO'IHLie H 3aTpaTbl Ha DOBLlllleHHe KBa.JIH<)lHKatnfH OrpaHH'IeHHOI'O 'IHCJia CJIYXal.D;HX. KpOMe TOro, OTC}'TCTByeT <)lHHaHCHpOBaHHe D;eJieBLIX 3KOJIOrH"'eCKBX nporpaMM, XOT.K HeKOTOpOe KOJ!H'ieCTBO cpe,D;CTB MHHHCTepCTB HayKH H 06pa30BaHHX aCCHmOBaHO Ha Tal\.""He D;eJIH, KaK HCCJie,D;OBaHHX H 3KOJIOrH'IeCKOe 06}"1eHHe. J-b-3a HHcl>JUI~H fipaaHTeJILCTBY DOTpe6yeTCJI ,u;ononHHTeJILHO H3pacxo.u;oaaTL OT 25 .u;o 30 npou;eHTOB HJIH ei.D;e 6onLwe 6ro,IOKeTHLIX cpe.u;CTB B 3TOM ro,xzy TOJILKO ,D;IDI no,u;.u;epJKaHIDI HLmewuero ypOBH.SI aKTHB:SOCTH.  -240- B. PEKOMEHAAUHH 3AKOHOnATEnbHO-HOPMATHBHAHPE.OPMA 14.17 CJIO)KHOCTL sKonomtJecKHx npo6neM Tpe6yeT 'leTKoro pa3rpaHH'IeHHJ[ KOMDeTeHinm BJiaCTeA,. Onpe,IJ;eJieHIDI ¢YH~HH H c¢ep OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH. PemOHaJILHLie H MeCTHLie Y'fpe.xc,u;eHIDI no oxpaue OKpyJKaiO~eH cpe,D;bi MOryT HrpaTL 3aMeTH}'IO pOJIL B BLipa60TKe 3KOJIOm'leCKHX HOpM AJU1 MeCTHOA npOMLlliiJieHHOCTH, Ha KOTOpyro B ()y~eM 6y.u;eT B03JiaraTLCJI60JILWWI OTBeTCTBeHHOCTL 3a 3K01IOrH'IeCKHft yw;ep6. a TaiOKe B 6onee wupoKOM nnaue npuBJieKaTL MeCTHoe uacenenue K MeponpiDITIDIM no oxpaue OKPY.iKaiOI.UeA cpe,IJ;LI. 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HecoMHeHHO, HMeeTc.R 6a30BbiA TeXHHYeCKHA noTeHUHan AJlA BblnonHeHHA 3TOR 38A8YH. 0.o,H8KO OTCYTCTBYIOT T8KHe 3JleMeHTbl, K8K: 1) a,lleKB8THOe nOHHMaHHe KOHKpeTH~ TeXHHYeCKHX noTpe6HOCTeA, KOTOpble .llOJl~Hbl 6b1Tb y,nosneTsopeHbl (3TH noTpe6HOCTH MO~Ho YAOBJleTaopHTb nyTeM npe,llocTaaneHMA TeXHH~eCKOA nOMO~H) M 2) npHOpHTeTbl ocy~eCTBJleHHR ,lleRTeJlbHOCTM B He06XO,llMMbiX MaCWT86ax Ha ,llHpeKTHBHOM ypOBHe H ypOBHe npe,nnpHRTHA. 2.38 TexHH~ecK8R noMo~b B onpeAeneHHH H ycT8Hoa.neHHH ueneA MOAH~HK8UHH npo,llyKUHM H npOH3BOJlCTBeHHOrO npouecc8, He06XO,llHMaA ,llJlR ynyYWeHHA Ka~eCTBa BblnyCK8eMOA npo,AyKUHH Jl,O Me)ICJlyHSpO,llHbiX CT8H,llapTOB, OKaJICeT nOMO~b 60JJbWOMY YHCJJY TaJlaHTJlHSbiX cneUHanHCTOB, pa6oTaiO~HX B 3THX nO,llCeKTOpax. nocKO!lbKY 8 paMK8X npOMbiWJJeHHOrO CeKTOpa cpyHKUHOHHpyeT 6onee 1400 npe,o.npHATHA, pacnpocTpaHeHHe He06XO,llHMOA MHcpOpMaUHH Ha UeHTpaJ1H30BaHHOA OCHOBe MO~eT 6b1Tb HeB03MOJICHbiM. 0,llH8KO, B03MOJCHO, CJleAYeT paCCMOTpeTb ,llpyrHe BapH8HTbl.  260 • Mox::eT 6b1Tb C03AaH cl>oHA TeXHM"'eCKoA noMoU&M AJlR npeAnpMATIIA, AOCTYn K KOTOpOMY 6yll,eT OTKpbiT AJlA KOHKpeTHbiX npoeKTOB H8 KOHKypeHTHOA OCHOBe. 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XoTA T8KHe ¢8KTOpbl, K8K KanHTan, TeXHOnOrMA H AOCTyn K pbiHKY ABnRDTCA n03HTMBH~H acneKiaMH TaKoro COTPYAHM"'ecTsa, 38"18CTYD no yKa3aHHNM cornaweHMAM nocTaBnReTCA 3H8"1MTenbHO 6onbWMA 06beM npOJlYKUMM, "'eM B TOM cny"'ae, ecnH 6bl onnaTa 3a ~TY npOAYKUMD 6~a npoM3BeAeHa HanM"'HOCTbD. B Aonrocpo"'HOM nnaHe 3TH cornaweHMR MoryT AeKanMT~nH3MpoaaTb npeAnpMATHA. no3TOMY 6onee npHBneKaTenbHbiM ABnAeTC.R BapM8HT C03A8HHR 6naronpHATHbiX ycnOBHA AJl.fJ npAMoro MHOCTpaHHOrO MHBeCTMpOB8HHA, ~TO ycTp8HHT Heo6XOAHMOCTb 38KnD"'eHMA MHOrHX H3 TBKHX cornaweHHA.  DPHJIO~HHE 3 DP06JIEMbl APAJlbCKOfO MOPH CDPABOqHA.fl HHCZ,OPMAUJt.fl 1 Apa.nLCKOe MOpe pacnonoxeno MeJK,Dy Ka3axCTaHOM H y 30eKHCTaHOM B oowupuoa HH3MeHHOCTH a nyCTDIIDlX Kbi3biJIKYM u KapaKfM. B 1960 ro,~zy AparrLCKoe Mope j[BIDIJIOCL '!eTae.p·rLIM no aeJIHlluue 3aMKHYTLIM BO,IJ;OXpaHHJIHI..IJ;eM B Mllpe. 0;tUiaKO C TeX nop ero nJIOI..IJ;a,IJ;L 3HalJHTeJILHO }'MeHLWHJiaCL B CWI3H c npaKTHqecKH nonnLIM npeKpai..IJ;enueM npHTOKa ao~r H3 peK AMy,u;apLSI u C:&rp,u;aphll no npHlDIHe 3Ba"'HTeJILHOro OTBO,IJ;a HX BO,IJ; ,IJ;m1 D;eJieA HppHraiUfH. K 1989 ro,uy ypoaeHL BO,IJ;bl B MOpe ynaJI Ha 14,3 MeTpa, a nJIOI.U~ ero DOBepXHOCTH COKpaTHJiaCL C68 000 KB. KM ,IJ;O 37 000 KB. KM. COJieHOCTb BO,D;bl a Mope B03pocna a 2,8 pa3a no cpaaueuuro c ypoaneM 1960 ro,u;a. Baccef!H ApaJILCKOro MOp51 OXBaTLIBaeT 690 000 KB. KM, BKJIIOlJall TeppHTOPHH pecnyo.JIHK K83aXCTaH, K.hlprLI3CTaH, Ta.IOKHKHCTaH, TypKMeHHCTaH u Y36eKHCTau. He3HaliHTenLuax lfaCTL HCTOKOB DHTaiOIIUiX ero ao,u; uaxo,D;HTcJI a AcpraHHCTaue, Hpaue H KHTae. 3-roT 6accetfu o6pa3yeTcx ,D;B}'Mll KpynueAwJIMH peKaMH UenTpanLnoA A3HH - AMy,u;apLeA u CLrp,u;apLeA, KOTOpLie nmaroTc.K Taroi..IJ;HMH cneraMB u ne,tUJHKaMH c rop. HCTOKH AMyJJ;apLB rnaaHLIM oopasoM uaxo,D;J~Tcx a TaA>KHKHCTaue H JIBWb HeCKOJILKO npHTOKOB - B ceaepo-3ana.IJ;HOA 1iaCTH AcpraHHCTaHa. HCTOKH CLip,u;apLB HaxO,D;51TCJI B OCHOBBOM B KLiprLI3CTane. 3Ta peKa npoTeKaeT qepe3 ueoonLwue yqaCTKH TeppHTopuu Ta,IPKHKHCTaua H Y36eKHCTaua H qepe3 Ka3axCTaucKHel npoauuu;uu ttHMKeHT H K3LIJI-op,u;a. Ha ocuoae nepenucu uaceJieHHll 1989 ro,u;a o6I..IJ;WI 11HcneunoCTL uaceJieHHJI, npoJKHaaroi..IJ;~ro ua TeppHTopuu 6acceAua ApaJILCKoro MOpx, ou;euuaaeTcx a 35 MHJIJIHOHOB qenoaeK. Y36eKHCTau, uaceneuue KOTOpOrO B 1992 ro,uy COCTaBIDIJIO 21,7 MHJIJIHOHOB qeJIOBeK, XBIDieTCR HaHOOJiee HaCeJieHHOA CTpauoA STOro pemOHa; 'IHCJieHHOCTh HaceJieHHX Ka3axCTaua COCTaBJI51eT 16,5 MHJIJIHOHOB qeJIOBeK, H3 KOTOpLIX 2e48 MHJIJIHOHa qeJIOBeK npoxuaaeT Ha TeppHTOPHH f5acceAua ApaJILCKOro MOp51. TeMnLI pOCTa KOpeHHOro uaceneuiDI a pernoue a nepuo,u; 1979-1989 ro,n;oa cOCTaBHJIH a cpe,lUieM 2,54 npon;euTa a cpaaueuuu c 0,87 npoo;eHTa a 6LmweM CoaeTcKOM Coro3e. BacceAu Apa.nLCKoro Mopx HMeeT TPH qeTKo BLrpaxeunLre sKonomqecKHe 30HLr. ropLI, nyCTLIHH J..l ApaJILCKOe MOpe c ero ,u;eJILTaMH. ropLI TxHL-mauL H IlaMHP Ha rore H IOro-3ana.ne xapaKTepK3yeTCJI 60JILWHMH BLICOTa.MH (DHKH ,D;OCTHraiOT 7000 MeTpOB) H 3HatJHTeJILHOA BJIWKHOCTLIO DpH cpe.n;HHX eJKero,D;HLIX Oca,xuc:ax OT 800 ,D;O 1600 MM. B ropax paCDOJIOJKeHLI KpynHLie JieCHLie MaCCHBLI H HeCKOJILKO HaQHOHaJILHLIX napKoa. IloqaeHHLie u TeMnepazypnLie ycJIOBIDI a npe,a;rophSIX u ,n;OJIHHax 6naronpiDITCTBYIOT ae.u;eHHIO ceJILCKOro X03.SIACTaa. Ha 6or.cLweA qac-m TeppHTOPIIH 6acceAua pacnOJIOJKeHLI HH3MeHHLie nyCTLIHH KapaJCYM u KLI3LIJIKYM, u STH paAonLI xapaKTepH3yroTcx ue3uatnrreJILHLIM ypoaueM oca.u;Koa ( Menee 100 MM B ro,u;) H BLICOKHMH KOScpcpH~HeHTaMH BLIOapHBaHIDI. Bepera H ,IJ;eJihTLI 06eHX peK H OCTpOBOB Ha ApanLCKOM Mope xapaKTepu3yroTcx Pa3Hoo6pa3uoA paCTHTeJILHOCTLIO u 6oraToA ;IU~KOA npnpo.n;oa. 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K OCHOBHLIM npH'IUHaM OTHOC.KTC.sl He3<P<l>eKTHBHaJI npaKTHKa nppnr~Hll B CO'tleTaHBH C WHpOKIIM npnMeHeHHeM XHMHKaTOB, BLipai.IJ;HBaHHe XJIOOKa H pHCa, a TaKXe He,D;aJILHOBH,D;Ha.sl DOJIHTHKa Pa3BIITIDI. B DOCJie,II;HHe TpH ,II;eC.siTHJieTIDI 8 paMKax COBCTCKOA DOJIHTHKH B pemOHe OCHOBHOe BHHMaHHe y,o;e.T.UlJIOCb KpynuoMacmTa6ubiM nppHr~HOHHLIM npoeKTaM ua 6eperax AMY.u;apLH H CLrp.u;apLH, KOTOPLie HMeJ!H rJiaBHOH u;eJihiO C03,II;aHHe "XJIODKOBOro noxcan B UeHTpaJILHOA A3HH. llOMHMO 3TOro B03pOCJIO ropo,u;cKoe H npOMhlillJieHHOe HCDOJIL30BaHHe BO,II;LI, XOT.sl OHO no-npeXHeM}' COCTaBmleT He60JihwyiO ,D;OJIIO 06~ero HCDOJib30BaH'IDI BO,II;LI. fipHMeH.sleMLie MeTO,D;LI nppHr~HH npHBellH K 3Hat~HTCJILHLIM yTet~KaM H BhmapHBaHHIO, a TaiOKe K 3aCTaHBaHHIO BO,D;L1 H DOBLIWeHHIO ypOBH.sl COJieHOCTH. B pe3yJILTaTe 3TOI'O BO,o;LI o6eHX peK, DHTaiO~HX ApaJILCKOe MOpe, DpaKTHt~eCKH DOJIHOCTLIO HCDOJIL3yroTC.si,D;O TOrO, Ka.K OHH DODa,JJ;aiOT B MOpe. B nocne,IUiee .u;ecXTHneme c:neu;naJIHCTaMH, KaK. Hau;HOHaJILHbiMH, True H 3apy6e.JKHLIMH, 6LIJIH HaDHCaHLI MHOrO'tiHCJICHHbie ,D;OKJia,D;LI H CTaTLH 06 3TOM KPH3HCe, KOTOpbie npHBJICKJIB K JICM}' MeJK,DyHapo;a;uoe BHHMaHHe. Cneu;Ha.rrHCTLI no oKpy.>KaromeA cpe.u;e, y-qeHLie, HIDKeuepLI H SKOHOMHCTLI co Bcero MHpa 06'Le,IUIHHJIH CBOH YCHJIIDI C HX KOJIJieraMH H3 6LIBWero CoseTCKOro COI03a. BLIBO,D;bl, K KOTOPLIM onH npHWJIH, 6LIJIH npe.u;CTaBJieHLI s px;a;e ny6nnKai.UIA 3a nocne.u;uee ,necXTHJieTHe H o6c~a.rrHcL na MHomx Me:>K,tJyHapo.u;HLIX ceMnnapax. He.u;asno, B HIOHe 1992 ro,na, CTOKrOJILMCKHH sKonomt~ecKHA HHCTHTyT H nOCTOHCKHA D;eHTp ony6JIHKOBaJIH pe3yJILTaTbi, DOJIY'IeHHLie C DOMOI.ULIO pa3pa60TaHHOA Ha MHKpo-3BM MO,II;CJIH, KOTOpa.sl D03BOJDleT HMHTHPOBaTL CJIO.)KHBWHACX B HaCTO.sltnee BpeMX BO.u;HLIA 6aJiaHC H .u;aTL ou;eHKY cTpaTei'IDIM so;a;ononL3osanH.sl n pemone ApanLCKoro Mop.s~. 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ToproBJie no Pa3HbiM ropo.u;aM CHf 8.3 ,IViHaMHKa MeC5!l.JHOH 3apa60THO:A nJiaThi DO OTpaCIDIM C 1980 IIO 1992 IT. 8.4 Cpe,IUieMec.srquru~ If MHHHMaJibHrul 3apnJiaTa B rocy.o;apCTBeHHOM CeKTOpe B 1992-93 IT. 8.5 ,U.HHaMMKa MeC.sil.JHOH 3apnJiaTbi no OTpaCJJJIM B 1993 r. 9. HaKoDJJeHHe .r.oxo~a H pacxonw 9.1 CoBOKYfiHLre ,o;eHe)KHLie .o;oxo,II;bi H pacxoALI uaceneHWI 10. KanHTaJJOBJJOlKeHH.R 10.1 Ba.noaLre KanHTa.JIOBJIO.>Keu:rur rocy.o;apCTBeHHLIX npe,IUipmrm:A 10.2 H3MeHeuue 3anacoa MaTepuanLHbiX o6opoTIIbiX cpe.o;CTB 10.3 3anacLI MaTepnanLHLIX o6opOTHLIX cpe.n;CTB ua Koueu; ro.a;a 10.4 BanoBLie KanHTaJIOBJIO.>KeHWI B ueH3MeHHLIX n;euax 1984 r. 10.5 KannTaJIOBJIO.>Keuu.sr a ue3aaepweuuoe CTpoHTeJI~"TBO  Y36eKHcraa Ta6JJaga 1.1: HaceJieaae H 3aHRTOCTb - coo,ruaaJI TaOJJHga 1985 1989 1990 1991 (B ThiCJI'lBX 'leJIOBCK) Bee aaceJieHHe 17868,0 19785,2 20227,3 20613,3 Myx-qHnbi 8808,9 9773,9 9992,3 10183,0 )Kea~HHL! 9059,1 10011,3 10235,0 10430,3 fopo~CKOe 7200,8 8032,8 8212,3 8265,9 CeJILCKOe 10667,8 11752.4 12015,0 12347.4 HaceJieaHe .u;o .16 neT 7611,5 8496,7 8686,7 8886,1 HaceJieBHC Tpy~ocuoco5aoro BoJpacn 8813,5 9716,0 9948,3 10125.2 lleBCHOBepbl 1443,0 1572,5 1592,3 1601,9 (s upoo.cBTax) Bee aaceJieHHC 100,0 100,0 100.0 100,0 M}'JK'IHBbl 49,3 49,4 49,4 49,4 )Kea~HBLI 50,7 50,6 50.6 50,6 fopo~CKOC 40,3 40,6 40,6 40,1 CeJibCKOC 59,7 59,4 59,4 59,9 HaceJieBHe ~o 16 neT 42,6 42,9 42,9 43,1 HaceJICBHe Tpy~ocuoco6aoro BOJpac:ra 49,6 49,1 49,2 49,1 lleBCHOHepbl 8,1 7,9 7,9 711 ( t ) (s uponeBTax) 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 C<S>epa MaTepHaJibBOr>i npoH3BO~CTBa 73,7 74,1 74,1 74,6 llpOMLIUIJICHHOCTb H CTPOHTeJibCTBO 23,1 24,6 24,1 22,6 CCJibCKOC X03JfHCTBO H JICCHaJI npOMLIUIJIC!Jr:iOCTb 37,9 38,5 39,3 41,5 TpaBCUOpT H CBJI3L 4,4 3,2 3,1 3,0 llpO'IHC OTpaCJIH MaTepHaJibBOI'O DpOM3BO,JJ;CTBa 8,2 7,8 7,6 7,4 HenpoHJBO,u;CTBeHHIUI ccpepa 26,3 25,9 25,9 25,4 3aHJITOCTb UO THUaM npc~HJITD 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 focy,u;apCTBCBHblll CCKTOp 71,8 67,0 65,6 64,6 KoJIX03LI 15,4 13,8 13,7 14,2 qaCTHLIH CCKTOp 9,9 13,8 14.9 16,9 KoouepaTliBLI H npo'IHC 2,9 5,4 5,8 4.2 ~iCTO'IHHK: fOCKOMJipOrHOCTBT 1/ JKCH~HBbl: 16-55 JICT, M)'JK'IHBLJ: 16-60 JICT.  Y36eKHCTaH Ta6naga 1.2: JauJITOCTI» no cenopaM H THnaM npe,llDpHJITHii 1.985 1989 1990. 1991 (B nu:nax 'ICJIOBCK) 06mu :JaHJIToCTb 6619,1 7624,1 7940,8 8322.7 C4lepa MaTepHaJILBoro npoH3BO~CTBa 4875,5 5647,0 5884,0 6208.3 ilpOMI>IlliJICBBOCTb 1015,1 1183,8 1201,4 1202,1 CTpOHTCJibCTBO 516,7 689,5 710,0 680,0 CeJibCKOC X03.11iiCTBO 2505,4 2932.8 3115,3 3451,4 JICCBIUI H ~CpCB006pa6aTbiBaJOmiUI np0Mldm.JICH30CTL 5,5 5,3 4,9 5,0 TpaacnopT H CB.ll3b 293,1 242,0 250,0 250.8 ToproRJUI H YCJI}'I'H 443,6 453,6 458,6 470,0 llpO'IHC 0Tp8CJIH MBTCpHSJibBOrO npOH380~CTBa 96,1 140,0 143,8 149,0 HenpoH3BO.U:CTBCHHIUI ccpepa 1743,6 1977,0 2056,8 2114,4 KOMM}'BaJibHbiC YCJIYI'H 149,4 197,0 193,9 191,7 Ha)'Ka H ucc.ne.n;oBaHHJI 120,2 99,8 103,4 99,3 06p83088HHC, KfJibTyp& H HCKfCCTBO 792,3 948,7 997,8 1038,3 3,llp8BOOXpaBCHHC H o6meCTBCBHIUI 6C30naCHOCTb 376,5 445,8 468,0 492,7 liaHKOBCKHe H <J>HBaaco&Lie YCJI}'I'H 21,8 23.2 23,3 24,7 .A.,w.nmuc-rp anux 111,6 114,1 118,9 118,6 llpO'IHC npOH3BO~CTBCHHhiC YCJI}'I'H 171,8 148,5 151,5 149,1 3aHJITOCTb no TnnaM rrpc~IDI'l'Hit rocy.uapCTBCHHbiH CCKTOp 4753,5 5109,3 5211,1 5379,1 KoJIX03hl 1019,0 1055,8 1085,4 11.85,6 t{aCTBblll CCKTOp 657,8 1050.2 1184,3 1405,9 KoonepaTHBLI H npo'IHC 188,8 408,8 460,0 352,1 (B npou,eBTax) 06mu :JaHJIToCTL 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 C4lcpa MBTCpHSJibBOro npOH3BO~CTBa 73,7 74.1 74,1 74,6 ilpOMl>lnlJICBBOCTb 15,3 15,5 15,1 14,4 CTPOHTCJILCTBO 7,8 9,0 8,9 8.2 CCJibCKOC XOUllCTBO 37,9 38,5 39.2 •U,S Jlecau H ~cpcsoo6pa6anisaJOmu npoMWIWicaaocn 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 TpaacnopT H CBX:Jb 4,4 3,2 3.1 3,0 ToproB.JlJI H ycJI}'I'H 6,7 5,9 5,8 5,6 llpO'IHC 0Tp8CJIII MBTCpH!iJibHOfO npOH3BO~CTBa 1,5 1,8 1,8 1.8 HenpoH3BO.UCTBCHHIUI ccllepa 26,3 25,9 25,9 25,4 KoMMYBaJILHhiC YCJIYrH 2.3 2,6 2,4 2,3 Ha)'Ka H HCCJIC~OB8BWI 1,8 1,3 1,3 1.2 06p83088BHC, K)'JibTypa H HCK)'CCTBO 12,0 12,4 12,6 12,5 3,IQ?aBOOXpaHCHHC H o6mcCTBCBB8JI 6e:JonacBOCTb 5,7 5,8 5,9 5,9 D8HKOBCKHC H !PHBaBCOBbtC fCJiyl11 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 ~HCTpa~Hj( 1,7 1,5 1,5 1,4 llpo'IHe npoH:JBO.llCTBCBHbiC YCJI1'rH 2,6 1,9 1,9 1,8 3aWITOCTb no THn8M npe,IgipWITHH rocy~apCTBCHHbiH CCKTOp 71,8 67,0 65,6 64,6 KoJIXO:JLI 15,4 13,8 l3,7 14,2 l{acrnMH CCKTOP 9,9 13,8 14,9 16,9 KoonepaTHBbl H npo'IHC 2,9 5,4 5,8 4,2 HCT011HHK: rocKOMIJpOrBOCT8T  Ya6emcraH Ta6nuua 1.3: Dpocl»eccaoaam;aaJI crp)'KTYPa a rocyAapCTBeauoM ceKTope (B Tbic.srqax, ceHTx6pL 1990 r.) llpO'iHC Cnc~&JIBCTbl patSoTBHKH Pa6o'lHe ~HCI'p~ 362,3 1266,4 103,2 3 496,4 Bcero 207,7 326,4 47,5 2 817.2 Ctjlepa MaTepHaJibBoro IIPOH3B-Ba 68,4 91.2 11.2 922,6 llpOMbllliJICHBOCTb 51,9 62,7 7,0 435,3 CTPOHTCJlbCTBO 27,4 91.8 12,6 946,8 CCJibCKOC X03.11HCTBO 0,4 0,9 0,1 3,5 llCCB8JI li ~epesoo6. npoM. 10,7 19,8 5,7 183,0 TpaacnopT 1,4 2,0 0,1 8,9 CB.R3b 43,9 47,0 10,0 305,9 ToproBJUI H yc.rryrn 3,5 11,1 0,8 11,1 llpo'IHC OTPSCJIH MaTCpHaJibB. npoH:JB-Ba 154,6 939,9 55,7 679.2 HeupoH3BO~CTBCHBa.ll ccpepa 9,3 16,1 3,5 101,8 KoMM}'BaJILBble YCJI)TH 10,1 43,9 1,5 28,9 Ha}'Ka H HCCJIC~OBilBHJI 58,9 499,5 13,9 181.2 06p&.Jol1aauc 11.2 45,0 3,7 22,5 KyJILTYPa H HCK)'CCTBO 23,2 276,7 11,5 154,1 3,DJ>aBOOXpaBCBHC H o6meCTBCB. 6C30DaCBOCTb 4,2 8,5 9,4 2,4 BaaKoscKHe H cllHBaacoBbie YCJIYilf 25,9 32,4 7.2 9,1 A,n;MHHHcrpaU,IDI 11,8 18,0 5,0 179,2 llpO'lliC ycJI}'I1f B aeupoH3BO~CTBCHHOH ccpcpe HCTO"'HHK! rocKOMIIPOrBOCTaT  Ya6eKHcrau Ta6JJaua 2.1: Banol'loii uauuona.n:hHIJiii npoJzyKT a TeKYIJIMX qeuax B MJIB py6JICH 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 BHll 27 269 29372 30698 34 430 61549 B TOM 'IHCJIC llOTpCMCBHC 21372 22546 23976 26258 46 685 DbiTOBOC 15 876 17141 18117 19 914 37 263 rocy,u;apCTBCBBLlC npc~wn·IDI 5 496 5 405 5859 6344 9423 rocy,u;apCTBCBBbiC 375 649 1058 1890 2253 paCXO,IJ;bl KaDHTaJIOBJIO)KCBIDI 7 786 8 002 9721 10433 15 860 EanaBc Pecypcoa -2 263 -1825 -4056 -6150 -3250 B npo~cBTax 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 BHTI 100 100 100 100 100 B TOM 'IHCJIC ilOTpC6JICHHC '78,37 76,76 78,10 80,97 75,85 DbiTOBOC 58.22 58,36 59.01 61,40 60,54 rocy,u;apCTBCBBbiC DPC.IUTPIDITIDI 20,16 18,40 19,09 19,56 15,31 rocy,u;apCTBCBHbiC 1,37 2.21 3,45 5,8.'3 3,66 pacxo,rn.1 KamtTaJIOBJIO)KCBHJI 28,55 27,24 31,66 32,17 25,77 Eanaac Pccypcos -8,30 -6.21 -13.21 -18,96 -5.28 HcToqHuK: rocKoMnporHocTaT  Ta6naga 2.1a: Ba.TIOBOA HaD;HOHaJILHLIA npO,IzyKT Ha OCHOBe ,u;o()&BJieHHOA CTOHMOCTH (B MJIH py()ne:A, nO TeK}'I:QHM ~CHaM ) 1991 1991 1992 1992 (a npou.cBTax) (a upou.eBTU) Buo~oA BaiJ.HOBaJibB&IA upo.IQ'KT 61,5 100,0 416,9 100.0 DpoNYDIJicBDoc:Tb 15.6 25,4 119 28.5 CeJibCKoc xouACTBo 22,9 37,2 . 149,5 35.9 CTPOHTeJibCTBO 6,4 10,4 54,4 13.0 YCJI)'I'H 16,6 27,0 94 22$ ToproiiJIJI 2.4 3,9 10,3 2.5 TpaucoopT H cBJI3b 2,6 4.2 20.2 4,8 Dpo~HC CCKTOpLI 11,6 18,9 63,5 15.2 HCTO'Q(IIHK: rocKOMDPOrBOCTiiT  Y36eKHCTaH Ta6naga 2.2: BaJJOBOH H3fiHOHaJJhHWH DpOJzyi(T Ha OCHODe ~o6aBJJeHHOH CTOHMOCTH (B MJIU py6JieH, B TeKyll(HX UeHaX) 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 Ccj)cpa waTCpH8.11LBoro npoB3BOAC'l"B& BaJio8o:H ot>~eCTnea. upo,IcyKT 46218,0 48232,5 49747,2 53487,1 108882,3 llpOMC~O':lHOC DOTpet)JICHHC 24809,3 25346,4 26016,3 28104,1 61393,0 B TOM ':lHCJie: MaTCpHaJibHLIC 38Tp8TLJ.a/ 23357,2 ·23925,8 24572,9 26407,7 59189,5 KOM8HAHPOBO':lBbiC paCXOAbl 292,5 328,6 242,4 267,2 425,5 38Tp8Tbl Ha COLJ.HWlbBO-K)'JibT)'pBbiC ycJiyrH6/ 281,0 238,4 436,3 553,3 815,3 rconoro-pa:J8C,IJ;O'lBble patlOTbl 103,0 103,1 105,6 102 150,1 HHOKP 29,3 42,5 253.9 237,8 350,6 DpOMCxyTO'lBLIC WI8TCJKH DO o6c.~aHHIO 38HM08 464,4 423,2 1,5 0,9 2,7 npo'lHe yc11ym 48,8 48,8 3,5 6,1 9,3 llO'l.'CpH cJ>oH,IJ;08 233,1 236 400,2 529,1 450,0 ~otlaBJICHBaJI CTOHMOCTb B M8TCpHaJibBOfl clj>epe 21408,7 22886,1 23730,9 25383,0 47489,3 HcnpoB3BOACTBCBBU c«J»cpa BaJio8oH olheM ycnyr 7874,8 8627,1 9168,0 9556,4 11947,3 8 TOM 'IHCJIC! lapDJiaTa 3671,7 4102,3 4126,7 5153,9 6919,6 OT'IHCJICHIDI Ba COLJ.HaJibBOC o6eCDC'lCBIIC 234,9 252,3 289,8 ·' 296,6 369,9 I!pH6bUib 130,0 130,0 -80.1 20,8 157.8 3aK}'IJKa HCMaTepHaJibBbiX YCJI}T 558,7 590,0 559,8 591,6 854,5 M8TCpHaJibBbiC 38TpaTb~/ 1455,5 1551,2 1640,9 1917~4 2275.5 8MOPTH38U.HJI 1403.0 1556,3 1364.9 396,7 400.0 apcHAHilJI DJiaTa 217.0 241,0 181,8 144.3 170.0 IIPO'IHC 38'rp8Tbl 204,0 204,0 1095,2 1035.1 soo.o llpOMCxyTO'lBOC DOTpCfiJICBHC 2014,2 2141,2 2200.7 2509.0 3130.0 8 TOM 'IHCJIC! HCM8TCpHaJibBbiC ycJiyrn H KOMIUI,l~HJ>080'1Hb1C 558,7 590,0 559.8 591,6 854.5 M8TCpHaJibBbiC 38'rpllTbl 1455,5 1551.2 1640.9 1917,4 2275.5 ~o6aBJICHHilJI crOHMOCTh 8 BCnpOH380,D;CT8CBBOH cf!Jepc 5860,6 6485.9 6967.3 7047.4 8817.3 BHll 27269.3 29372,0 30698,2 32430.4 56306,6 a/ 3a 8bi'ICTOM aMOpTH3aLJ.HH. 6/ BKJIJO'l!UI o6pa:Jo&aaHe. 3,Iij)a8ooxpaaeBHc, co~o6ccnc'lcBHe. 8/ 3a 8bi'ICTOM 8MOpTH38~HH. HCTo'lamc: rocKoMnpornoCTaT.  Ya6eJCHCTaH Ta6JJaga 2.3: PeKOHBepcHJI c 6HX B CHC cqeTa (MJIB pyCSJieA, a TCK}'InHX ucuax) A#• DOI!',a3l&TCJib :SHX B#• uoKuaTt..llh CHC 1987 1988 1989 1990 46218 48 232,5 49 747,2 53487,1 A1. BanoaoA B~HOBaJILBhlif opo~/1 DJIJOC! BaJIOBOA o61aeM IIpOK3BO~CTB8 7 874,8 8 627,1 9168 9 556,4 B BCIIpOH3B<.'ACTBCB. ctj)cpc/2 B1. paaca: CHC BaiiOBOMY oCS'LeMY iipOH380~C:TBa 54 092,8 56 859,6 58 915,3 63 043,5 A2.. :SHX M&TCpHaJibBLIC 3&TPBTY 26 864,2 27 489,5 28189,1 30085 3507 3 563.7 3 616,2 3677,3 MHB)'C: aMopm3aJUU DJIJOC: 3&'l'p&TLI B& BCMalTCpHaJibBbiC 1219 1184,6 1 043,2 1167,3 3&'l'p&TW H IIPO'IIHC Yc:JIYI'H 8 TOM 'IHcnC ltOM~OBO'IBLIC pacxo~ 292,5 328,6 242,4 2673 coD,HaJI&Bo-r:yJILT)'PBWe yc:nyrK 281 238,4 436,3 553,3 HHOKP 29,3 42,5 253,9 237.8 reonoropua~o'IBLIC paOoTw 103 103,1 105,6 102 awDJiaTW apoucmoa no 3aAMI1M 464,4 423,2 1,5 0,9 48,8 48,8 3,5 6,1 opO'IHC YCJI)TH DJIIOC! DOTCpH M&TepHaJibBWX oCSopOTBWX 233,1 236 400,2 529,1 cp~CTB DJIJOC! M&TCpHIUibBh1C 3&'l'p&TY B 1 455,5 1 551,2 1640,9 1917.~ BCIIpOH3BO.Z.,CTBCBBOA c~pc DJIJOC! ycnym H IIpO"'EC 3aTP&TY B BCIIpOH3BO,Ir;CTBCBBOA c:tepc 558,7 590 559,8 591,6 B2. pUBO! IlpOMCJKY'l'OiliBbiC DOTPCtSJICBIUC 26 823,5 27 437,6 28217 30 613,1 A1-A2 paaao A: B&UHOBaJI&BWA 'J(.oxop/4 19353,8 20743 21558,1 23402,1 B1-B2 pUBO B: BaJIOBO:ft BBD,HOBaJlbBWA 27 269,3 29372 30 698,2 32 430,4 upo~ 1/ TlliCKe aanoaoA MaTcpHa.JILBwA npo~ 2/ TaJCKc aaJioaoA oCS1acM yCJiyr 3/ MHB)'C aMOPTHlau,IU 4/ TaJCKe 'IHCTWA MaTcpHaJI&BwA npo,ByJtT Hcro"'BHX: focKOMIIPOI'BOCT&T H paC'IcTLI BceMJfPBOro :SaBKa  Ya6eKHCTaH Ta6naua 2.4: Bancsoii o61Jlecrseuuwii npolU'JCI', MaTepHaJJhHhle aaTpaThl H tJHCThrii MaTepHaJJhRhlii npoA)'KT (B MJIH py6neA, B TeKYmHX D;eHaX) 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 llpOMbiilUICBHO CTL BIUIOBOA npO,eyKT' 25 955,4 25 817.2 25 623,9 26 719,9 62 236,6 MaTcpHCL!ILHLIC 38Tp8TLI 18 986,7 19 296,3 20 013,9 21155,2 46 990,4 qHCTbiA npo,eyKT 6 968,7 6 520,9 5610 5 564,7 15 246,2 CCJILCKOC X03JiifCTBO BIUIOBOA JipO,IzyKT 9799,1 11245,6 12 404,1 14 028,9 28261 MaTcpHaJILBhiC 3aTpaThl 3 286,1 3 431 3285 3 667,4 8382 qHl.'TbiA npo,eyKT 6 513 7 814,6 9119,1 10 361,5 19879 nccHaJI npOMJ.JIIIJICHBOCTL BIUIOBOH npo,eyKT 12,1 11,9 11,7 12,6 12,6 MaTcpHaJihBbiC 38Tp8Thl 3,8 3,7 2,6 3,7 3,7 qHCTbiH npO,DYKT 8,3 8,2 9,1 8,9 8,9 CTpOMTCJibCTBO BIUIOBOH npo,IzyKT 5 896,5 6 270,7 6 265,7 6 940.2 9 751,4 MaTcpHIUILHbic 3aTpaTLJ 3 141,9 3 218,6 3 203,4 3 463,2 4 845,7 qHC'l'bUf npO,IzyKT 2 75~}) 3 052,1 3 062,3 3477 4905,7 TpaucnopT BaJiosoA npo,IzyKT 1 829,4 1 910,3 2007 2 314,3 3 471,5/1 MaTepHaJibHblt 3aTpaTLI 902,8 929,3 979,4 1047,9 1 541/1 'lHCThiH npo,IzyKT 926,6 981 1027,6 1266,4 1930,5/1 Cu3b BIUIOBOA npo,DyKT 81,3 85,5 93,2 95,5 MaTepHIUILHblc 3aTpaTLJ 18,1 18,9 20,4 21,8 qHCTbiA npo)zyXT 63,2 66,6 72,8 73,7 ToproBJIJI Ba.JiosoA npo.iJYKT 1374,4 1 527,2 1686,6 1776,3 3008,5 MaTepH&JILBLJe 3aTpaTbl 340,3 360.9 392,3 447,8 758,4 qHCThlA npo,IzyKT 1 034,1 1 166,3 1 294,3 13285 2 250,1 llpO'IHC O'rp8C.IIH BaJiosoA npo,nyKT 1 269,8 1 364,1 1655 1 599,4 2140,7 MaTepHILllbHLie 3aTpaTN 184,5 230,8 292,1 278 398 qHCTb!A" IJpO,IzyKT 1 085,3 1133,3 1362,9 1321,4 1742,7 Bccro B MaTcpHIUILHoA cct>epc BaJZosoA o«SII(eCTBCBHblit npo,IJYKT 46218 48 232,5 49747.2 53 487,1 108 882,3 MaTcpHaJibBble 3&TpaTbl 26 864,2 27 489,5 28189,1 30085 62 919,2 qHC'i.'biH M8TCpHIUibBblit npo,eyKT 19 353,8 20743 21558,1 23 402,1 45963,1 HCTO'IHHK: rocKOMtipOrHOCTaT 1/3a 1991 r. npHBO,IVITCJI cyMMapHl>IC ,IJ;8HHbiC IIO ·rpaHCIIOpT)' H CBJI3H.  Y36eDICTall Ta6~ 2.5: BanoooA o6~ecmeiiBLIA fiPOAYKT~> MaTepBaJILII&le 33.TPaThl u qeCTLiif MarepBaiiilllblA npo,IJYKT (s Mnp,IJ; py6nea: B TeicyU~H:x n;eHax) 1990 1991 92.01 92.2 92.03 92.04 92.05 92.06 92.07 92.08 92.09 92.10 92.11 92.12 Bcero Bll.lloBoli npo,IJyKT 53,5 108D9 20,3 25,8 34,5 34,4 38,6 49,8 48,8 52 74,4 179,8 156,9 185,7 MaTepHaJibBhle 3aTpaThi 30,1 62,9 15 18,7 22,4 24,6 25,8 34,5 33,7 29,9 39,6 72,5 95,4 113,2 qHCTblli' IlpO.IJYKT 23,4 46 5,3 7,1 12,1 9,8 12,8 15,3 15,1 22,1 34,8 10T,3 61,5 72,5 !IpOMI>IlliJICBBOCTb Bll.liOBaJI IlpOro'JCUIDI 26,7 62,2 18,2 22,4 26,5 28 28,7 35,8 31 33,6 41,6 58,3 101,3 429,8 MaTepHBJILBLie 3s::yaThl 21,2 47 14 17,2 20,4 21,5 22,1 27,7 23,9 23,8 33,2 44,8 77,7 406,2 qHCTlUI IlpO,IJyKIJ.¥.Jl 5,6 15,3 4,2 5,2 6,1 6,5 6,6 8,1 7,1 9,8 8,4 13,5 23,6 23,6 CeJit.cKoe ~o3riCTBo Bancnt~~ npo,IzyKU.IDI 14 28,3 0,3 0,4 0,5 1,6 2,5 6,5 10,5 7,6 14,7 103 29 21,5 MaTc.f: !M\.ITbBbie 3aTpaTLI 3,7 8,4 0,2 0,3 0,1 1,6 1,6 4 7 3,2 0,2 21,8 6,4 5,7 'IHCTIUI IlpOro'KUHJI 10,4 19,9 0,1 0,1 0,4 0 0,9 2,5 3,5 4,4 14,5 81,2 22,6 15,8 CTpOHTe.JlbCTBO Bll.liOB8JI IlpO.IJYKU.IDI 6,9 9,8 0,9 117 2,3 1,9 3,4 3,2 3,9 3,.4 6,8 6,3 8,t. 58,6 MaTepHil.llbBLie 3aTpaTLI 3,5 4,8 0,5 0,8 1,1 0,9 1,6 1,6 1,8 1,6 3,4 2,6 4,t. 26,7 q:HCTaJI npo,liYKD.HJI 3,5 4,9 0,4 0.9 1,2 1 1,8 1,6 2,1 1,8 3,4 3,7 4 31,9 TpaBcnopT H cBJ13L BaJIOBaJI IlpOro'KUHJI 2,4 3,5 0,4 0,7 1,2 1 0.8 1,8 1,6 1,2 6,2 5,7 12,4 1,9 MaTepHil.llbHLie 3aTpaThi 1,1 1,5 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,8 0,7 0,5 2,3 2,2 6 1,2 qHCTSJI IlpO,JzyKI.l,IDI 1,3 1,9 0,2 0,4 0,7 0,5 0,5 1 0,9 0,7 3,9 3,5 6,4 0,7 ToproBJIJI H npo'IHe oTpacmf Banosu npo~IDI 3,4 5,1 0,5 0,6 4 1,9 3,2 2,5 1,8 6,2 5,1 6,5 5,8 2,5 MaTepHil.llbBble 3aTpaTLI 0,7 1,2 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,3 0,8 0,5 1,1 0,9 2 qHCTaJI npo,IJY~m.ID~ 2,6 4 0,4 0,5 3,7 1,8 3 2,1 1,5 5,4 4,6 5,4 4,9 0,5 Hc:ro'IBHJt: rocKOMIIPOrHOCl'aT  Y36eKHcrau Ta6nuua 2.6: ,ll;eciJJI.RTophl qucroro MaTepuanbnoro npo.zzyJITa no ceKTopaM 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 qHCTblli MaTepHa.JILHLUi npo,JzyK.T 100 97.85 98.63 102,57 203,30 ilpOMbllliJICHHOCTb 100 86,00 65,79 63,03 154,92 CCJILCKOC X03JffiCTBO 100 108.47 130,49 138,46 280,51 CTpOHTCJib('TBO 100 98,82 103,76 114.24 162,68 TpaacrropT u CBJI3b 100 100,00 104,10 119,92 173,17 ToproBJUiu npo'IHe OTPacnu 100 101,29 107,57 110,15 184,07 HCTO'IHUK: focKoMIIPornoCTaT  Y36eKHcraa Ta6JJHUa 2.7: ):{e4»JJsTop qucroro MaTepHaJJhnoro npoAYJCTa no ceKTopaM, e:~CeMecJiqa..e AaHa..e ;QaTa Bcero llpOMblniJICBBOCI'b Cem.CKOC C'rpoHTeJibc:TBO TpascnopT H llpoue Xo:urRc:TBo CU31& 91/01 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 91/02 102.4 101,8 99,5 101.5 106,6 101.8 91/03 103,0 102,3 100.7 102,3 108,3 102,0 91/04 113,1 104,5 100,5 113,4 109,1 143,5 91/05 114,3 109.2 99,6 105,6 126,8 145,4 91/06 113,6 108,7 100,1 104,3 125,6 146,7 91/07 108,5 105.2 100,5 108,7 120,7 116,4 91/08 107,4 103,3 101,1 111,5 125,4 114,6 91/09 124,3 132,0 141,0 113.2 128,0 129,1 91/10 123.2 149,5 122.8 107.2 180,1 128,1 91/11 121,5 142,6 123.3 109.2 182,3 128,4 91/12 141,0 140,5 176,1 109,0 166,3 156.8 92/01 448.4 504,0 210,5 829,6 371,3 1236,9 92/02 565.4 579,9 236,7 951,.2 447.2 1422,6 92/03 711.2 729,0 299,6 1199,9 568,4 1783,6 92/04 802,0 764,8 307,1 1365,5 588,3 2576,6 92/05 808.2 797,1 303,4 1268,4 681,4 2604.3 92/06 710,3 701,8 269,7 1108,6 597,2 2324,5 92/07 680,5 680,6 271.7 1157,6 575,1 1848.8 92/08 708.4 702,6 287,4 1249,0 628,6 1914,3 92/09 769,8 907,5 411,5 1275,7 952,9 2478,2 92/10 916,7 1084,6 744,1 1605,2 1203,1 2833,6 92/11 1021,0 1190.2 893.2 1062,7 1987,1 1873,4 92/12 1224,6 1333,5 1240,5 1667,6 1787,3 2366,2 HCT011BHK! rocKOM!IpOI'BOCTaT H paC11eTbl COTPY,IJ;HHEOB BCCMlfPBOro JiaBKa. llpHMC11aBHe: ,I(aHBb!C DOCJIC asryCTa 1992 CJIC,D;)'CT paCCMaTPHBaTb C OCTOpOJKBOCI'bJO, DOCKOJILK)' OHM Be COOTBCTCTB)'JOT TCB,D;CBIJ,HD( np011HX HB,D;CKCOB ~eB.  Y36eKHcrau Ta6nuua 3.1: llnaTelKIIt.~ii. 63.Jiauc, 1992 r. B MJip,D; B KOBBepmpyCMOit BaJIIOTC pyilJicA (o MJIB ,u;oJIJiapos) Bccro Tc~mic;l{eT -39 -170 -369 Bccnpo~CBTBbiH TC~mi C'leT -160 -359 ToproBbiH 6aJiauc -25g Mc::lKpecny6JimcaucKu ToproBJIJI -39 -199 3KcnopT 1/ 123 lfMUOpT 1/ 162 3apy6e::lKBLIH ToprOBLIH 6aJiaBC -60 -60 3KcnopT 869 HMUopT 929 4>aKTOpBLIC YCJIYI"H (BCTTO) -110 -110 llpOL\CBTHLIH KOMUOBCHT -10 -10 KanHTaJILHLrA C'leT 165 165 llpna.Ic HHOCTpaBHbiC HBBC~HH 40 40 YBCffH'ICHHC BBCWHHX KpC,D;HTOB (BeTTo) 125 125 0mH6KH H )'II}'mCBHJI 19 9'7 06~mt 6aJiaHc -20 -5 -107 <PmlaBCHPOBaBHC Mc::lKpecny«SJJmca~cKu 3a,D;OJDKCHHOCTh -40 -204 KoppccnoH,D;cHTcKHc C'ICTa 60 306 YBCJIH'ICBHC B pc3epsax (-) 5 1/ llepCC'ICT npOH3BC,D;CB no CpC,D;BCM)' 06MCHHOM)' Kypcy 3a 1992 r. 2/ Cpe,D;Hmt o6MCBHLrA KYPC B 1992 r.: 1 ,u;oJIJiap • 196 py6. HCTO'IBHK: rocKOMIIPOrHOCTaT H paC'IeTbl COTPY,D;HHKOB BcCMHpHoro BaBKa.  Y36eKHCTaH Ta6JJaga 3.2: 06MeHHMII Kypc py6JJJI DO OTHOWeHHIO K ,QOJIJJapy Ha KOHeg nepHO,Qa ro.u; 0¢>HIUfaJILHLIA o6MeHHLIA KYPC PwiO'IHLIA 06MeHHLIA x:ypc Mecx~ CeHTx6ph 1991 0,60 0KT116pb 1991 0,58 Hox6ph 1991 0,59 .neKa6pL 1991 0,57 1992 1,67 90 Jlusapb <l»espaJIL 1992 1,67 120 MapT 1992 1,67 120 Anpenh 1992 1,67 150 MaA 1991 1.67 155 HIOHb 1992 1,67 140 HIOJib 1992 1,67 140 AsryCT 1992 1,67 145 CeHTa6ph 1992 1,67 200 1,67 ~95 0KT116pb 1992 Hox6pL 1992 1,67 450 ,neKa6pL 1992 1,67 450 Jlusaph 1993 572 625 <l»espaJIL 1993 593 700 MapT 1993 684 750 Anpenh 1993 823 851 MaA 1993 994 1028 HIOHb 1993 1116 1200 HCTO'IHHK: Ha~ouaJILHhm 6auK Y36eKHCTaea  T~a3: Toproau no J:PJDIIU' TOapoa • Y3CScaC'I'IIIIc a~ qcau. 1987-1990 n··. (B MJIB pydJicit) 1987 1987 1988 1988 1939 1989 1990 1990 3KCIIOpT lfMDOpT 3KCIIOpT HMDOPT 3KCIIOpT HMD'OpT SKCIIOPT HMDopT 06~ml oO-.cM ToproBJIH 8974,0 12973,6 10486,9 12327,1 10169,3 14158,3 9351,5 14661.8 BBCWBJIJi 1515,8 1599,9 1529,7 1703,4 162:7,7 2112,3 1182,4 2978,0 MeJKpccny6nHKaBCKIUI 7458.2 11373,7 8957.2 10623,7 8541,6 12046,0 8169,1 11863,8 Hcci»T& H l'll3 601,8 990,1 641,6 1000,4 645,6 1031,6 598,4 888,4 BBCWBKll 21,0 40.5 22.4 32,1 21.2 1,9 5,9 2,4 McJKpecny6nHKaBCKIUI 580,8 949,6 619.2 968,3 624,4 1029,7 592,5 886,0 3uepi'HJI 201,9 151.8 180,7 191,6 213,9 186,8 207,1 172,1 BBCWILU 0,4 0,0 0,4 0,0 1,1 o.o o.o o.o Me~pccny6nmcmcKu 201,5 151,8 180,3 191,6 212,8 186,8 207,1 172,1 YroJI& 13,8 47,8 14,5 37,6 8,1 41,9 8,1 47,9 BBCWBU 0,0 0,0 o.o 0,0 o.o 0,0 o.o o.o Me~pecny6nH&IlBCKU 13,8 47,8 14,5 37,6 8,1 41,9 8,1 47.9 ,I@yme BH,IJ;LI TOIIJIHBI (Topel») o.o 0.2 o.o 0.2 o.o 0.2 o.o 0.2 BBCWWIJ( 0,0 o.o 0,0 o.o o.o o.o O,Q 0,0 Me~pccii}'6nHKaBCKU o.o 0.2 0,0 0.2 0,0 0.2 o.o 0.2 qepBidC MCTaJIJILI 111,3 671,8 111,4 676.2 111.5 676,1 98,9 661,3 EBCWWIJI o.o 2..8,3 o.o 23,4 o.o 20,4 G,1 13,9 Mc~pecny6nHKaBCKU 111,3 643,5 111,4 652,8 111,5 655,7 98,8 647,4 ~BCTBidC MCTaJIJIY 347,4 387,0 468.2 374,1 468,1 424,5 446,7 409,1 BBCWWIJ( 0,1 13,3 0,1 9,8 3,6 u.o 18,0 0,4 Me~pecny6nHKaBCKIUI 347,3 373,7 468,1 364,3 464,5 413,5 428,7 408,7 XlfMH'ICCKHC upo,tzy'KTY 736,1 979,5 853,7 1012.2 893,7 1110,6 852.7 1147,3 BBCWBJIJI 39.2 40,9 40,2 35,8 60,3 136,9 60,0 174.2 Mc~pccny6nHKaBCKU 696,9 938,6 813,5 976,4 833,4 973,7 792,7 973,1 MamHBocrpocaHc 1127,5 3292,0 1302.2 3292,5 1190,1 3552,6 1230,9 3625,3 BBCWBJIJI 73.2 123,9 99,6 140,3 85,9 228,9 180.2 333,1 McJKpccnyCSJimcaBcttu 1054,3 3168,1 1203.2 3152.2 1140.2 3323.7 1050,7 3292.2 ~cpesoo«Spa6aT. B ~eJIJIJOJI03ao-6)'M, 32,7 741,5 31,7 601.2 35,0 724.f 14,9 559,7 BBCWBU 2.2 85,2 0,2 86,9 o.o 58,3 o.o 4?,2 McJKpccny6nBKau~ 30,5 656,3 31,5 514.3 35,0 666,6 14,9 512.5 CTPOHTCJILBYC MIT. 82,4 235.8 82,7 213,1 69,0 22:7,6 71,6 205,2 BBCWBU 0,3 22.5 0,1 25,1 0,0 11 •• 0.2 13,6 Mc:KpccnyCSmntmcKu 82,1 213,3 82,6 188,0 69,0 216.2 71 •• 191,6 JlentU I!pOMYWJICBBOCTh 4279,6 2616,7 4575.2 2205,1 465~.9 2757,3 .241,7 2963,1 BBCWIOOI 1347,3 739,8 1296,6 712,3 1358,4 905.4 857,6 1024,8 Mc~pecny6nHKaBCKIUI 2932,3 1876,9 3278,6 1492,8 3300,5 1&55,9 3384,1 1939,3 llHII.\CBIUI IJpOMYIIIJICBBOCTh 789,3 1961.1 847,0 1875,0 795,3 2155,5 824,3 1982.6 BacmBB 7,8 406,0 14.1 393,5 33.0 486,1 14,4 735,3 Mc~pccny6JIHK&BCKIUI 781.5 1555,1 832.9 1481,5 762,3 1669,4 809,9 1247,3 Dpo'IHC OTP&CJIH npoMYDIJICBBOCTH 34,9 231,4 64,7 203,0 65,5 246.6 75,4 409,0 Baemsu o.o 2.5 0,0 5,7 9,0 4,5 2.2 74,8 McJKpccuyCSmncaBcKU 34,9 225,6 64,7 197,3 56.5 242,1 73,2 334,2 Ccm.cK.-xo3. IIPO~.(acuepcpaCS.) 589,4 610.8 871.9 587.7 757,2 661,1 447,4 1309.2 BBCWBU 22,6 93,7 58,9 238.5 53.6 247,4 42,8 377,2 Me:~epccoyCSmncaacKU 566,8 517,1 818,0 348.6 703,2 413,7 404,6 932,0 ,I@)'niC M&TCpHIJihBYC opo~ 25,9 56,1 440,8 57,8 257,4 357,0 233,4 281,4 (caM3hoTPaBCDOpT,yCJIYrH) BBeWIIU 1,7 0:0 2.1 o.o 1,6 0,1 1,0 1,1 Me:JKpecuy6JIHKocatu 24,2 56,1 438.1 57,8 255,8 356,9 232,4 280,3 Hcro'I&HK: focopomocrar  Y36emcraa Ta6naua 3.4: feorpacj>H'IeCKOe pacnpe,u;eJieHHe MeJKpecny6JIHKaHCKOtf TOproBJIH 1990 1991 1992 1993 llepBLie TpH Mec~a 3KCDOPT HMnopT 3KCDOPT HMnopT 3KcnopT HMnopT 3KcnopT HMnopT (B MJIH py6netf) ApMenmr 82 156 67 231 \1 208 198 24 1 A3ep6aA,u;JKau 67 198 220 277 1192 671 199 251 BenapycL 177 582 603 965 4259 9347 3678 3155 3CTOHIDl 49 43 114 87 1063 179 41 88 fpy3IDl 65 167 120 249 \1 340 466 109 2 Ka3axCTaH 784 1453 1259 1795 13786 19822 41856 43593 K.bipr&I3CTaH 365 323 662 613 4527 5462 12834 1975 JlaTBIDl 33 157 64 128 698 375 3 63 JIHTBa 47 150 169 198 1665 769 81 328 Mo~ona 110 89 307 199 2474 484 450 70 Po ecru~ 4840 5937 10972 7840 65387 85818 73533 139252 Ta,u;JKHKHCTaH 503 330 644 237 3708 5126 31252 14676 TypKMeHHCTaH 216 620 475 2701 6560 11395 14345 51640 YKpanua 333 1659 1664 2247 17291 22137 12695 10287 Bcero 8169 11864 17339 17766 123157 162248 191099 265382 (B npou;eHTax) ApMeHIDI 1,00 1,32 0,38 1,30 0,17 0,12 0,01 0,00 A3ep6atwtcan 0,81 1,67 1,27 1,56 0,97 0,41 0,10 0,09 BenapycL 2,16 4,90 3,48 5,43 3,46 5,76 1,92 0,19 ScTollmr 0,60 0,36 0,66 0,49 0,86 0,11 0,02 0,03 fpy3IDI 0,80 1,41 0,69 1,40 0,28 0,29 0,06 0,00 Ka3axCTaH 9,60 12,25 7,26 10,10 11,19 12,22 21,90 16,43 K.biprLI3CTaH 4,46 2,72 3,82 3,45 3,68 3,37 6,72 0,74 JlaTBIDI 0,40 1,32 0,37 . 0,72 0,57 0,23 0,00 0,02 JIHTBa 0,58 1,26 0,98 1,11 1,35 0,47 0,04 0,12 Mo~oaa 1,35 0,75 1,77 1,12 2,01 0,30 0,24 0,03 PocciDI 59,25 50,04 63,28 44,13 53,09 52,89 38,48 52,47 Ta,IOKHKHCTaH 6,15 2,78 3,72 1,33 3,01 3,16 16,35 5,53 TypKMeHHCTaH 2,64 5,23 2,74 15,21 5,33 7,02 7,51 19,46 YICpauua 10,20 13,99 9,60 12,65 14,04 13,64 6,64 3,88 Bcero 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 HcTO'IHHK: rocKOMnpomoCTaT, Intelligent Decision System fipHMe'laHHe: 1/ On;eHKa OCHOBaHa Ha ,D;OJie HMllOpTa B 1990 r.  Y36emCTaa TaoJJHga 3.4a: reorpaciJuqecKoe pacnpeneJJenae BHemaeA ToproBJJH (s TbiCJI'Iax ~omxapos) 3KcnopT B 1992 r. HMIIopT a 1992 r. SKcnopT a 1993 r. HMJIOPT • 1993 r. Bcero 869 929 164 271 ABCTpaJIHJI 3,47 5,01 1,37 0,45 ABCTpHJI 29,29 14,60 0,37 1,24 ApreBTHBa 24,50 Acj>raBHCTaH 0,00 o.oo 0,00 40,26 32,34 0,47 1,68 .DaarJI~cm 0,11 39,59 0,00 0,00 BCJibrHJI 112,23 1,24 14,29 3,20 .Do;zrapHJI 12,67 12,37 0,41 0,.30 BcarpHJI 51,81 13.96 5,38 9,97 BCJIHKo6pHTaHHJI 117,32 0,14 8,50 3,f11 BbeTBaM 0,94 21,63 0,08 0,12 repMSHHJI 94,02 0,12 9.22 6,70 rpeu,HJI 0,48 ,qaaHJI 1,25 0,02 0,00 o.oa 1,01 0,00 0,00 HIWfJI 1,09 16,67 3,00 0,32 H~OHC3HJI 22,39 0,78 19,08 9,68 H3paHJib 13,81 0,00 2,50 0,00 HpJiaB,IJ;KII 5,73 0,00 0,00 0,75 Hpaa 2,39 0,21 0,01 0,00 HcnaaHR 11,40 HTaJIHJI 2,13 8,06 0,03 o.oo 2,41 0,85 4,93 KopcJI (H,qP) 0,18 0,04 0,49 0,95 Kaaa,JJ;a 3,91 KHnp 39,53 1,42 0,00 o.oo 67,63 0,00 0,00 KHTa:A' 3,25 1,36 6,01 5,78 Kope11 0,11 o.oo 8,21 4,60 Ky6a 0,12 0,00 0,00 0,00 JlHBaH 0,09 0,06 0,03 0,00 JlHXTCHWTC:A'H 1,82 0,04 2,50 0,1. MaJia:A'3HJI 0,03 0,09 0,00 0,00 MoaroJIHJI 20,20 0,00 0,05 0,00 HHrCpHJI 0,16 2,40 20,85 0,00 H~cpJI~I 3,45 0,08 0,03 30,50 OAS 47,80 0,79 0,01 0,14 ll8KHCT8B 2,18 15,16 7.36 0,00 flOJibWa 0,00 0,16 1,12 2,CM P}?.a.IBHJI 1,10 0,00 0,03 0,18 Cay~o&cKu ApllBWI 4,32 CHBranyp 37,64 0,98 0,00 o.oo 0,78 0,34 1,C17 CupHJf 3,21 0,00 0,00 0,00 CJIOBSKHJI 0,30 0,00 0,30 0,12 CJIOBCBHJI 0,06 21,33 17,35 0,00 ClllA 77,32 1,02 3,64 6.21 fOBKOBl" 0.02 0,00 0.72 3,76 TaHJiaB,IJ; 0,23 TaitBaBh 0,00 o.oo 0,00 39,33 35,06 23,34 Typu,HJI 0.30 8,06 0,00 0,00 46,38 Ypyraait 15,93 0,16 0,00 o.oo ~ 0,00 5.06 0,00 0,00 <Ppaau,HJI 7,11} 16,88 0,71 2.09 lJCXOCJIOBSKHJl 4,57 198,17 4,19 1,17 maellu,apu 0,00 7,12 0,00 120,76 illBCJ.,HJI 0,00 7.25 0,00 0,00 IOrocJiaBHJI 0,00 5,69 1.21 2,02 ,qpymc CTpaHbl 0,00 370.46 0,00 0,00 HCTO'IBHK: rocKOMDpOrBOCT8T  Y:!6eKHCTaH Ta6nuua 3.5: CTpytcrypa auewaeii ToproBJ!H 3a npe]:leJJaMH 6.CCCP B 1992 r. (B TbiC.sitJax ,D;OJIJiapOB) E,IJ;HBHU,a KoJIII'IeCTBo CTOHMOC'I'h XX H3MCpCBHJI BecL 3KcrropT 869.3 100 XJIOIIOK-BOJIOKBO 1000 TOBB 600.7 673.3 77.5 Il,BCTBLJC MCTaJIJibl 1000 TOBB 21.8 40.5 4.7 qepBbiC MCTaJIJILI 1000 TOBB 76.7 17.7 2.0 MHBepanLBI.Ie y,n;o6peaHJI 1000 TOBB 317.3 39.3 4,5 3JICICTp03BCpriDI MJIH KBT 131.2 13.1 1.5 llpO~LJBC~TCIIepapa60TKH 1000 TOBB 136.6 8.4 1.0 llpO'iCC 77.0 8.9 Bee& HMIIopT 929.3 100 nmea~a 1000 TOBB 3734,8 535.8 57.7 MJico. cy6rrpo,IJyKTLJ, mHU,a TOBBLI 29797,1 45.0 4.8 Caxap 1000 TOBB 14·4.6 43.7 4.7 TeKCTHJIL H o,n;e~a 31.9 3.4 06ysL TLICJI'IH nap 889.4 14.2 1.5 Puc 1000 TOBB 51.3 14.8 1.6 qa}l TOBBbl 6036.7 9.7 1.0 KapTo~CJIL TOBBbl 40600 4.6 0.5 Macno • .n;pyrHe MOJio~IBLie JKHpLI TOBBLI 5910 8.8 0.9 Tenep~oarrrrapaTfPa ruT. 16094 1.8 0.2 illCJIKOBbiC TKBHH 1000 MCT})OB 189 1.3 0.1 XJIOif118T06}'Ma.JKBbiC TKaBH 1000 MCT})OB 1370.5 2.5 0.3 CH1'8pCTW ruT. 43732 0.6 0.1 llaCCUCHCKHC !lBTOM06HJIH WT. 63 0.9 0,1 Y,n;o6peaHK 1000 TOBB 0,3 2,7 0.3 AJIJOMHBHCBLIC H3,1J;CJIHJI 1000 TOBB o.o 0,0 3epBOBLIC (KpOMC niiiCBIIU,LI H pHca) 1000 TOHB 218.9 22.4 2.4 Dpo11ee 188.6 20.3 HCTOliBHK: fOCKONnlpOrBOCTBT  Y36eKHcrau Ta6nuua 3.5a~ CTpYJITypa oaewaeii Toproonu 3a nepowe TpH Mecsua 1993 r. 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H ra:J 592,5 886,0 1424,9 2288,7 5,9 2,4 12,4 2,,7 598,4 888,4 1437,3 2291,4 He~Teopo~ 0,0 171,7 0,0 607,8 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 171,7 0,0 607,8 DpoAfKTLI ocpepaCS. oe4»TH 140,1 327,6 312,0 729,6 5,9 2,4 12,4 2,7 146,0 330,0 324,4 732,3 f&lDpOA)'IC'I'Y 452,4 386,7 1112,9 951,3 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 452,4 386,7 1112,9 951,3 Yron~o 8,1 47,9 7,6 44,8 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 8,1 47,9 7,6 44,8 ,Apynrc UJUol TOIDIIM 0,0 0,2 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,0 o, 1 fopiO'IHC CJJ&B~LI 0,0 0,2 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,0 0,1 Toptll 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1flpuu MC'!'aUJPI"D 98,8 647,4 120,7 750,c) 0,1 13,9 0,1 13,1 98,9 661,3 120,8 768,7 Py,u.a 'ICpBLIX MCTIUIJIOD 0,0 1,4 0,0 1,3 0,0 0,2 0,0 0,2 0,0 1,6 0,0 1,5 ifi!pB!tiC MCTIJIJILI 96,8 502,9 119,3 619,6 0,1 10,5 o, 1 14,1 96,9 513,4 119,4 633,7 ilpo)U'KTLI KGICCOB&BHJ! 0,0 22,7 0,0 33,7 0,0 1,0 0,0 1,6 0,0 23,8 0,0 35,3 OrocynopoL& MaTepuaJILI 0,0 9,3 0,0 17,8 0,0 . 0,3 0,0 0,5 0,0 9,6 o.o 18,3 llpOK&T 'ICpllWJt NCTIUIJIOB 2,0 111,1 1,4 78,2 0,0 1,8 0,0 1,7 2,0 112,9 1,4 79,9 ~U Mcn.D7IJI'D: 428,7 408,7 711,3 678,9 18,0 0,4 30,1 0,3 446,7 709,1 741,4 679,2 PyA& U.BCTBLIX NCTaJIJICII! 45,9 J5,9 71,6 56,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 o.o 45,9 35,9 71,6 56,0 I.J.BCTIILIC MCTaJIJILI 382,8 3n,8 639,7 622,9 18,0 0~4 30,1 0,3 400,8 373,2 669,8 623,2 Xalol'l~ DpO.QETW 792,7 973,1 605,7 805,7 60,0 174,2 44,2 123,7 852,7 1147,3 649,9 929,4 MHBepan~oooe XHMH'I. c:LipLc 0,0 21,9 0,0 28,1 0,0 0,3 0,0 0,3 0,0 22,2 0,0 28,4 llpO)U'KTLI O'IHCTBOi XHMHH 290,2 279,8 209,5 202,0 44,0 40,8 31,8 31,1 334,2 320,6 241,3 233,1 Xlo.cH'iCC:ICOC BOJIOKBO 176,6 79,1 125,9 56,4 9,4 1,8 6,7 1,2 186,0 80,9 132,6 57,6 CHBTCTH'ICCICHC CNOJILI 90,5 69,6 69,3 53,3 1,4 1,5 1,1 1,2 91,9 71,1 70,4 54,5 lbac:Nac:c:w 50,0 35,9 39,9 28,6 0,0 0,3 0,0 0,2 50,0 36,2 39,9 28,8 Kp&C:ICH H JlaiCH 38,6 35,8 29,0 26,9 0,3 4,1 0,2 3,8 38,9 39,9 29,9 30,7 CHBTCTH'ICC:ICHC ICpaC:ICB 0,0 13,3 0,0 11,3 0,0 5,3 0,0 3,9 0,0 18,6 0,0 15,2 CHBTCTII'ICC:KIIit IC&)'"''}'JC 0,0 9,7 0,0 7,2 0,0 1,5 0,0 0,9 0,0 11,2 0,0 8,1 DpoAfltTW oprauH'Iec:K. XIIMH1IHMHH 80,9 120,7 71,8 107,1 4,6 1,1 4,1 0,7 85,5 121,8 75,9 107,8 WililY 2u4 115,6 2,4 113,3 0,0 o, 1 0,0 0,1 2,4 115,7 2,4 113,4  y~ Ta6~ 3.6: ToproBU no roaapDLDI rp}'llllall a Te~ auyrpeDDBX a lmpo&LIX ~eon a 1990 r. (MJIH py6neA) Mc:»epcc:nyCSnmcauc:~:. 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AU KOMM)'II. X03-Bil 0,5 14,5 0,7 19,5 0,0 0,5 0,0 0,5 0,5 15,0 0,7 20,0 Mam, /oCSopyAOUBHe AU nencot DpOMLIDJJICBBOCTH 51,5 89,5 58,9 102,3 43,3 22,9 49,5 17,7 94,8 112,4 108,4 120,0 MIIIIIIBLI H oCSopy.l{. AU ~eaoA DpONLIWJICBBOCTH 1,2 15,7 1,6 20,4 0,0 18,3 0,0 13,8 162 34,0 1,6 34,2 ToproBWe NaDIHBLI H oCSopy.I{OIIlBHC 0,5 20,7 0,7 30,4 0,0 0,3 0,0 0,3 0,5 21,0 0,7 30,7 THDOrpi~ICHC MIUIIIIIILI H o6opy.I{OB8BHC 0,0 7,1 0,0 5,9 0,0 6,5 0,0 5,8 0,0 13,6 0,0 11,7 SJiclt'fPoCSWToawe npuCSopw 40,5 119,3 16,1 58,0 13,4 12,5 7,5 3,9 53,9 131,8 23,6 61,9 CaOTtXBH'IftcJCoe o6opyAOBaBHe 21,0 40,2 11,3 21,6 0,0 0,7 0,0 0,7 21,0 40,9 11,3 22,3 CyAOCTpOC~BC 0,6 36e& 0,7 42,7 0,0 !),0 0,0 0,0 0,6 36,8 0,7 42,7  Y36eocrao T~ 3.6: Toproau DO TOBaPBLDI rpJIIIWI B Te~ IIIIJ'I'PCIIIIIIX B IIIIJIOBLIX l(eou: B 1990 r. (MJIH py6JieA) Macpcmy«bHUB~. TOpi'OIWI Bacmau roprow 060VIA 061.CM TOpl'OBJIII B!!!!J!CBBHC !J,CIIIal ... M!!J!OBLIC !J,Ch1. 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Cy6cH,IJ;HposaaHe npoH3BO~CTBa ,IJ;p&rOU,CBBbiX MCTaJIJIOB 8. llpO'IHC pacXO,IJ;bl 42.2 10,1 Jbl5biTOK -45,7 -11.0 HCTO'IHHK: MHHHCTCpCTBO I!>HH&HCOB  Y36eKHcraH Ta~ 5.1: AeueJK:IILIA 6a.na.Hc (MJIH py6neA) 1/IV 1fVI 1fVJI 1/IX 1[1 1[1V 1fVI 1992 1992 1992 1992 1993 1993 1993 ~CHCJKHbiH ~OXO~ 1• Ha.nlf'IHOCTL ua p}'Kax y aaceJieHHJI 14 450 21178 26 080 39 523 96 784 20 7637 341767 2. llifl!HbiC BKJI~J 18 775 19 513 20 412 21 109 23 882 454 25 50 405 3. IlpOI.J.CHThl DO BKJI8,IJ.8M 3 182 3 182 3 182 3 182 3 182 3 182 3 782 4. 0TCpO'ICHHOC norameHHC OOJIHr8I.J.HH/1 5 495 5 224 5 155 8609 5 910 2 860 2 114 5• Cepmfj>HKaTid 1 180 1 046 1 016 649 1 206 509 478 6. BKJI8,IJ;bl B ,IUJyme 6aHKH 334 391 470 297 572 2107 2 350 7. CTPaxOBaHHe 280 280 280 280 131 536 261 720 400 896 Bcero 43 696 59 814 56 595 73 649 131 536 261 720 400 896 AlcrHBbl BlUlHOBaJibHOH 3KOHOMHKH 1. 06~8JI cyMM8 ~Cll03HTOB npC)J;IIpHJITHit HOpraBH3~ 21 856 29 007 30 227 37 806 141003 183 388 B TOM 'IHCXC: ~Cll03HThl 839 1 085 1 153 1 334 2588 5488 C'ICT OCHOBHbiX KanHTaJIOBJIOJKCBH:A: 5 598 7 881 7 537 6 838 13 475 39 690 2. BKJia,u;LI rocy~a~cTBa, npo$coi03oB, o6~eCTBCBHbiX H npO'IHX OpraBH38I.J.H:A: 4 763 3 173 3 197 5 444 14 377 22 440 3. IlpHObiJib 6aBKOB 4 702 5 685 7395 10 600 27750 130 204 4. Ilpo';{He naccHBbl 6 992 5 194 3 432 19 930 360 059 317 318 5 • 06~8JI cyMM8 6aHKOBCKHX aKTHBOB, HCllOJib3YCM8JI npH paC'ICT8X 17 775 29 859 47990 102 639 391 556 667 823 B TOM 'IHCJIC: KoppecnoB,ll;eHTcKHe C'ICTa 6 448 4 179 7620 65 277 72 118 96 820 C'ICTS. OT~CJICHH:A: oaHKOB 11 327 25 680 40 370 37362 319 438 571 003 06~aJi cyMM8 8KTHBOB H8I.J.HOH8.ilbHOH 3KOHOMHKH 56 088 72 918 92 291 176 419 934 745 1 321 173 ~H,II;bl AJ1J1 peryJI1fP088HIDI KpC,D;HTHLIX pecypcoB 3 838 4 692 5072 5 135 11 093 38 814 06~u c:yMMa .u;euer 103 622 128 424 153 958 255 203 1 077 374 1 621 707 /1 IlorameHHC o6JIHI'8IJ.IDI CCCP npoH3BO,IJ;HTCJI 38 C'ICT BhinycKa o6JIHI'8IJ.H:A: Y36CK.HCTaHa Hcro'IHHK: U.eJITPaJihHLIH 6aHK Y36eKHCTaHa  Y36eKBCT811 Ta6Jrurot 5.2: 0praBB38D}'B u JipeAJIPIHITID[ c upocpo'leBHOi3a,AOJDKeBHOCT'LIO no C'ler.JM Doc.raB~q~DCOB (B MJIH py6Jie:A Ra HatiaJIO Mec~a) H8HMCBOBaBHC 1!92 Il/92 I 11/92 92/IV 92/V 92/VI 92/VI I 92/VIII 92/IX 92/X roccrpoA 11,4 17,6 32,3 59,2 80,6 121,1 13413 167,1 114,4 145 AccoiJ,H~ Y36cKMe6em. 117 7,2 13,5 47 109,5 206,2 111,4 144,1 121,4 71,4 MHBMOBTilJKCIICU.CTpOH 7 30,5 59 78,9 161,1 339,4 431,5 568,6 280,8 310,4 MHBcrpoA 52 183,7 399,8 706,1 1 227,7 1 852,9 2 434,9 3 689,4 1 731,5 2 371,2 ACCOIJ,Hai.\W( Y36CKJICnipOM 51,7 125,2 633,2 1 628,8 1 672,9 3 266,7 6 44,3 8 642,7 4 500,5 5 199 MHBMCCTIIpOM 30,3 93,1 403,7 587,2 816,7 1 205,3 1 507,1 1 878,6 1898 1 310,8 MHBX.JIC6oiipOm'JIT 5,7 27,2 73,6 216,7 176,8 381,8 863,3 1 521,1 1176 1 153,9 [OCKOMBO,IU[03 360,3 576,2 ') 128,9 1 888,2 2 139 2 919 4 040,6 5 051,5 4 289,9 4 867,5 KoJIX03LI 15,4 34,1 198,2 391,9 524 850,5 1 243 2 591,3 2 481,5 3 299,7 MHBCCJibX03 566,9 930,1 2 225,8 6 867,5 4 771,3 7974,4 11 999,1 19 569 35 090,9 17802 MmiaBTOTPaBC 26,9 38,8 69,6 125,2 176,5 300 493,7 745,2 590 649,9 MHBcBJI3H 10,4 17,5 35,2 35,3 82,7 138 154,2 167,7 76,7 98 Y36cK6pJIJ11IIY 29,8 47,4 474,6 1 090,6 1 091,1 3 039,8 4 853,5 7 437,6 6 204,8 7 250,9 MHBTopr 6,9 26,5 184,4 1 287,3 2 231,7 5 475,5 7 642,7 8 649,9 3 889,8 3 960,9 Y36~CBTP 23,2 25,4 60 103,8 289,7 413,9 581,4 573,7 475 312 MHmKHmcOMX03 88,9 171,5 531,7 654,5 880,5 1 258,8 1 439,1 1 682 1 090,2 1 257 MHBB.BTO,I(Op 19,2 32,3 56,4 79,6 109,5 146,6 189,2 257,6 196 256,1 [OCKOOIICBa() 18,4 42,8 153,6 1141,4 2 272,7 3 455,5 5 529,8 7 938,4 3 255,7 1 900 rocKoMBe~Tenpo~ 11 171,8 41,2 43 77,1 300 651,5 2 373,4 1 975,8 2 660,2 MlmCTpoitMaTepHaJIOB 14,7 29,7 171 357,9 452,7 932,9 1 405,4 1 998,9 1 106,1 1 330,5 fJiaBTamKCBTCTpOit 9,5 52,7 244,3 293,4 649,5 1 037,4 1 471,9 1 881,2 958,9 1 451,3 PllO Y36CKJICC 0,7 0,6 1,3 1,6 131,4 3,9 11 '7 1 073 217,8 263,2 MHBsBepro .. 5,7 34,2 104,4 174,8 296,2 304,5 250,5 240,9 175,9 KoonepaTHBLI 38,6 39,3 43,9 n 99,9 144,4 210,7 223,6 367,1 175,5 I!pe.u;np. H OpraBH3. IIpO"lHX 171,2 1 200,1 3 040,1 6 170,5 11 089,5 20 732,6 26677 33 774,5 2 639,5 21 925,6 MHBHCTCpCTB H BC,D;OMCTB ITo,upU,I(CJICBifJI 6. CCCP 384,1 Bcero 1 955,9 3927 10 309,5 24 031 31 488,9 56 792,8 80 825,8 112 850,6 74 969,2 80 197,9 HCTo"'Blllt: MlmuCTcpCTBo ci»BBaacoa  Y36eDICT811 Talimn{a 5.3: DpeADP:ml'l'm[ B opraiiJI38D}IB c npocpo'leBHoi ~onteBBOCTLIO no QaTKOCpo1J.IILIM 6a:BKOBCKBM CCJAU1 (MJIH py6JieA Ha H8'18JIO Mecxo;a) H8.11MCBOB8BIIC 1/92 11/92 111/92 IV/92 V/92 VI/92 VII/92 VIII/92 IX/92 X/92 roccrpoA .. g. .. 0,5 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 .. 011 AccoD,HIUJ,HJ[ Y36eKMe6e.n& .. .. .. 012 012 012 014 012 7,5 0,5 MlmMOBTDCCDC~CTpOfl .. 0,7 116 114 117 4,5 511 6 2,2 1416 MlmcrpoA 516 911 7,8 13 313 916 1218 912 815 2112 AccOIJ,HIUJ.HJI Y3C5eKJicrnpoM .. .. 114 18,4 015 217 816 19 1 23117 28619 MHBMecrnpoM 212 019 111 216 212 416 32 812 20,2 1619 MHBXJieC5oupo,DyKT .. 011 017 .. .. .. 1112 1112 .. 113 roCKOMBO,nlt03 5,4 618 619 1014 1011 919 1313 14,4 2215 14 KOJIX03Y .. 014 0,9 214 0,8 012 , 15 113 311 914 Mlmccm.xo3 13 60,8 122 5314 3217 3615 3916 49,7 82,2 11618 MHB&BTOTJ)&liC 0,6 111 115 019 312 5,4 6 517 419 912 MHBCBJI3H 0,4 017 2,3 2,9 119 015 013 018 2,4 Y3C5eKC5pJIJIIII)' 0,3 1,3 1219 4,8 3,9 5,6 7,1 5,4 14,6 1119 MlmTopr 0,1 0,3 018 2,8 1815 517 17,2 7,9 4 63,7 Y3C5~eBTP 1,5 1,4 11 0,6 0,1 0,3 4,2 0,9 5,1 414 MHlDKHmcOMX03 1,8 2 2,4 211 15,7 518 317 1416 818 12,2 MlmaBTo.u;op 0,4 0,6 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 1 1 2,1 roCKOODCBaC5 0,1 .. 0.1 1,4 1,1 0,5 1,9 1,2 2 3,7 roCKOMBectrreupO.IJYKT .. .. .. .. .. 0,5 .. 0.1 Mlmcrpo~aTepHanoa 0,1 0,3 0,3 1,4 0,7 6,7 4,3 18 7,3 6,6 r.n&BTamKCBTC'l'pO:A 0,4 4,7 4,3 0,3 1,5 17,3 19,7 37,2 27,6 14,4 PnO Y3C5eKJICC .. .. 0,1 0,1 .. .. 3,2 1,4 .. 4,8 Mlmsacpro .. .. .. .. 0,8 0,7 KoonepaTHBY 4,9 5,3 5,3 4,8 4,3 4,9 5,1 5g8 7,2 7,9 npc.u;up • H Opi'aBH3. DpO'IIBX 24 37~4 49,6 5116 93,9 129,5 158,9 350,5 229,2 459,4 MHBHCTCpCTB H B~OMCTB no.u;pu.u;CJicBHJI C5. CCCP 12,9 B~ero 73,7 133,9 223,5 176,7 198,1 252,6 357,8 569,3 1 690,4 1 084,4 Hcro11BB1t: MHBHCTr.pCTBo fllHBaacoa  Y36eKHCTaB Ta6Jiaga 6.1: CeJihCKOX03.RiiCTBenaoe npoH3BOACTBO (MJIH py6JieA, B HeH3MeHHLIX D;eHax 1983 r.) 1986 1987 1988· 1989 1990 1991 1992 O~CBKa Bcero 10 014,3 10048,8 10 031,2 10 456,2 1113,7 10 993,6 11047,8 B TOM 'IBCJIC: 3epBOBYe 251.5 339.7 400.6 316,9 363.5 367.7 401,9 KapTocJ»cn~o 59.0 50,0 59 62.1 64,3 67.1 83,6 Oso~ B «SilX'IeBYe 857,7 898,9 967,4 938,3 998,5 1102,5 1169,8 ¢>I>YKTw• 750,9 700,8 705,5 534,8 748.4 547,5 737,0 XJionoK 4 210,2 3 983,1 4 462,9 4170.9 4 240,3 3 854,3 3 569.2 Y6oiiBblll CKOT B TOM 'IHCJIC: Kp)'IIBYit poraTYll' CKOT 3 218,9 3 417,6 3 641,8 3 764,3 4 070,1 4321,7 4 313,0 CBBBbB 143,9 125.7 121,7 08~ B K03Y 221,3 226,0 242,2 252,2 294,5 299,0 306,0 llTBU.a 132,2 159,4 169,8 216,2 198.5 167,8 147,9 MOJIOKO 993,3 1050,3 1124,6 1161,5 1203,4 1321,4 1363,6 JIAua 195,5 214,4 223,5 232.6 234,9 224,8 191,4 illepC'lD 201,5 208,4 215,7 208,9 220.7 216,9 217,7 HCTO'IBHK: rocKoMIIPomoCTaT • BKJIJO'IIUI BBBorpa,n B JII'O~.  Y36eocrau Ta6JJHUa 6.2: CBOlUiaJI Ta6JJaua CeJJhCKOX03JiiiCTBeuuoro npoH3BOACTBa (MJIH py6Jie:A, B HeH3MeHHLIX I(eHax 1983 r.) 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 O~CBKa Bccro CCJIIaCICOC XOUltCTBO 10 014,3 10 048,8 10 931.2 10 456.2 11113,7 10 993,6 11047,8 PacrcBHcao~CTBo 6 795,4 6 631,2 7 289,4 6691,9 7043,6 6 671,9 6 737,8 X<HBOTBOBO~CTBO 3 218,9 3 417,6 3641,8 3764,3 4 070,1 4 321,7 4 313,0 KOJIX03LI Bccro CCJIJaCKOC X03JlitCTBO 3 588,1 3 469,8 3 802,1 3 670,2 3 681,6 3 389,6 3 358,0 PaCTcBHceo,u;crao 3 036.4 2 896,5 3199,1 3 091,9 3 083,7 2 818,7 2 792,0 )i(HBOTDOBO,IJ;CTBO 551,7 573,3 603,0 578,3 597.9 570,9 566,0 Coaxo3W Bccro cc,m,ctCoc Xo3dCTBo 3 768,2 3 894,1 4305,7 3 920,8 4120,9 3 741,5 3 700,0 Pacrcaucao,u;CTBo 2 883,8 2 921,8 3 258,7 2 874,0 3 068,4 2 828,9 2 797,0 X<HBOTBOBO,IJ;CTBO 884.4 972,3 1047,0 1046,8 1052,5 912,6 903,0 fipO'IJfC rocy~apCTBCBBLIC I!pC,IglpHJITWI Bccro CCJIJaCKOC X03DCTBO 210,4 194,0 186,3 162,1 185.7 144,7 141,0 PaCTcBHcao,u;CTBo 124,9 123,6 116,8 117,0 119,8 90,2 88,0 X<HBOTBOBO,IJ;CTBO 85,5 70.4 69,5 45,1 65,9 54,5 53 HB,IJ;HBII,I0'8JI.bB&lC )"I&CTKH Bcero cCJIJac:ICoe xo3dCTBo 2 396,9 2 436,6 2 577,2 2 642,3 3064,3 3667,8 3 800,8 PaCTeBHcso,u;CTBo 1620,8 1710,6 1833,7 1975,9 2253,7 2712,1 2 763,2 XHBOTBOBO,IJ;CTBO 776,1 726,0 743,5 666,4 810,6 955,7 1037,6 fiOJI}'KOJIJICitTHBBI:!IC H DOJI)TOCf,IJ;apCTBCBBLIC X03JiiiCTBa Bccro c:CJI&ciCoc ~!o3dCTBo 50,7 54,3 59,9 60,8 61,2 50,0 48.0 PaCTeBBcao,u;crao 13,6 16,5 18,6 14,5 15 14,1 14 X<HBOTBOBO,IJ;CTBO 37,1 37,8 41,3 46,3 46,2 35,9 34 HCTo'IDHJC: focKoMIJporaocraT  Y36eKHCTaD Ta6~ 6.3: llpOB3BO,D;CTBO B cpe,~ ypox.a:AIIOCTL OCHOBIILIX cem.cKOXO:JdCTBellliLIX Ky.JILTY]J llpo,DyKIUIJI (TbiC. T) . 06pa6&TLIB8CM8JI WIOD.l~ (TLJC.ra) Cpe,IJ;IDIJI ypoxaihloCTb (T/ra) 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 3epBOBLIC 2061 2776 3337 2627 3073 2854 944 1277 1333 1154 1259 1348 2,2 2,2 2,5 2,3 2,4 2,1 KYKYPYJa 389 421 520 461 430 431 117 118 116 111 108 108 3,3 3,6 4,5 4,2 4,0 4,0 PHc 1248 1822 2200 1641 2096 1908 700 1004 1050 882 1004 1080 1,a 1,8 2,1 1,9 2,1 1,8 3epBOBLIC KfJILT)'p:L.I 424 533 617 525 547 515 127 155 167 161 147 160 3,3 3,4 3,7 3,3 3,7 3,2 XJIODOK 4989 4858 5365 5292 5058 4647 2054 2108 2017 1970 1830 1721 2,4 2,4 2,7 2,7 2,8 267 Xnomcoaoe BOJIOKBO 1622 1505 1732 1656 1623 KapTo~enb 309 262 308 325 336 351 30 31 31 30 42 40 10,3 8,6 10,0 10,9 8,0 8,8 cllp)'KTLI 1982 2032 2211 1896 2405 1918 393 405 411 444 310 459 5,0 5,0 5,4 4,3 7,7 4,2 IPp)'KTLI H .Rro,D;LI 660 604 627 548 660 512 208 214 212 221 231 242 3,2 2,8 3,0 2,5 2,9 2,1 BHBorp~ 696 652 655 416 745 480 131 127 128 132 - 134 5,3 5,1 5,1 3,2 3,6 :58X'ICBbiC 626 176 929 932 1000 926 54 64 71 91 79 83 1117 12,2 13,0 10,2 12,6 11,1 0BOIIUI 2491 2258 2760 2585 2843 3348 113 117 123 123 141 166 22,1 21,8 22,4 21,1 20,2 20,2 - Ta«S&K 28 33 30 33 31 41 10 10 8 8 8 9 2,7 3,3 3,6 4g 1 3,8 4,3 HToro 11860 12519 14011 12758 13746 13159 3544 3948 3923 3n9 3590 3743 3,3 3,2 3,6 3,4 3,8 3,5 ~CB&Ie IC}'JILT)'plal 6843 7628 8616 7433 8657 8471 1480 1830 1898 1751 1752 2013 (ll~eawc IC)'JILT)'PW =HToro - XJIODOJt - Ta«SaK) Hcro'IBHK: roaoMJJporaocraT \ ·,-  Ta6JJaga 6.4: 3aHJITOCTh B ceJJ•cKoM X03.RiiCTBe ( TLIC. 'leHOBeK) 1990 1991 Bcero 3 115,3 3 457,4 8 TOM 'lHCJie: KOJIX03bl 993,4 1090,5 COBX03LI 950,1 986,2 Ce30HHLie pa6oque H pa6oTarow;ee a JIHqHb~DOAC06HL~X03HACTBax 1153,6 1 361,5 KoonepaTHBbi 11,1 4,3 qaCTHhie X03HHCTBa 4,0 6,7 3,1 5,2 HcTOqHHK: rocKOMnpomocTaT  Ta6JJaua 6.5: Ocaosawe noKa3aTeJJH )I(HBOTHOBOACTBa 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 llorOJIOBbC CKOTa (Bccro) (Tblc. ronoa) Kpyuu~o~A poraTbi:A 4 099,8 4 073,8 4103,3 4130,3 4 180.2 4 580,8 5112,6 8 TOM 11HCJIC KOpOBLI 1 559,4 1555.4 1 571,7 1597 1644,7 1856,4 2120 CBHBbH 728,3 763,1 742,7 728,6 742,9 716 653,6 0B~LI H K03LI 9256,3 8 832,1 8 539,9 8 721.8 8 785,6 9 229,6 10109,5 8 TOM 11HCJIC KapaK)'JibCKHC OB~hl 5 245,5 7 914.1 4 751.2 4 880,8 4 948.8 5 071,9 5 218,8 Ko3LI 760,8 713,3 699,6 723,6 747,5 823,3 917,5 JIOWIWf 88 88,6 90 92,8 97,4 105.2 112,5 llorOJIOBbC CKOTa (COBX03bl H KOJ!X03LI) (TLJC, roJIOB) KpyuuLIA poraTLiA 1780,7 1776,4 1777,8 1763,4 1737 1 677.5 1633,7 8 TOM 11HCJIC KOpOBbl 458,1 458.1 452,5 442,6 437,9 435.2 434,9 CBHBbH 714,9 749,7 730,0 715,9 729,4 690,9 620,8 Oa~ H K03bl 5 987.2 5 703,9 5 490,5 5 602,9 5 525,1 5 401,0 5 329,1 8 TOM 11KCJIC KapaK)'J!bCKHC OB~bl 4249 6 963,8 3 835,6 3 982,1 3 973,3 3 984.2 3 925,7 Ko3LI 296,1 264.8 249.2 235,6 219,5 203,5 192,7 JIOWIWI 69,8 69.2 68,6 69,7 70,0 69,9 68,7 lloroJIOBbC CKOT8 (HB,ItHBHJJ.YaJibBbiC X03JillCTBa) (n~c. ronoa) KpyxmLIA poraTLIA 2319,1 2297,4 2325,3 2366,9 2443.2 2903,3 3478,9 8 TOM 11HCJIC KOpOBLI 1100,5 1097,3 1119.2 1154,4 1206,8 1421.2 1685,1 CBHBLH 13,4 13.4 12,7 12,7 13,5 25,1 32,8 0B~LI H K03LI 3269,1 3128,2 3049,4 3118,9 3260,5 3828,6 4780,4 8 TOM 'IHCJIC KapaK)'JILCKHC OB~bl 996,5 950,3 915,6 898,7 975,5 1087,7 1293,1 Ko3LI 464,7 448,5 450,4 488 528 619.8 724,8 JIOW!Wf 18.2 19,4 21,4 23,1 27,4 35,3 43,8 llpOH3BO~CTBO MJica (Tblc.T)/1 330,5 386,0 385,8 404,1 439,6 477,8 484,8 MonoKa (Tblc.T) 2 265,5 2438,8 2 505,3 2 649,5 2 836.6 2 929.3 3 034.2 Jl~ (MJIB WT.) 1460,6 1947,7 2042,0 2649,5 2 836,6 2 929,3 3 034,2 illcpCTH (TLIC.T) 20,7 23,5 23,5 24,3 25.2 24,4 25,8 HCTO'IBHK: fOCKOMIJpOI'BOCT&T H MHBHCTCPCTBO CCJILCKOrO X03JillCTBa llpHMt118BHC: 1/ BKJIJO'IaJI roB~, CBHBHB)', lSapaBHB)' H DTHUY·  Ta6naua 6.6: CeJibcKoxoa.RiiCTBeuuoe npouaBo~crBo no THny xoa.RiiCTBa 1991 1992 1992 1992 1992 JIBB.-~eK. JIB B. JIBB.-MapT JIB B.-HJOJib JIBB.-ABr. KoJIX03bl Y60HRbUi CKOT H DTHIJ,a (TbiC. T) 61,71 5,50 15,10 32,25 40,25 Hll,IJ;o:A MOJioKa (T) 531,34 38,20 118,40 254,52 352,79 JIHu.a (TI.tc.nrr.) 68769 3069 12 516 30309 38410 Cosxo3bl Y60HBbUi CKOT H DTHU,a (TbiC. T) 206,85 16,30 47,10 85,12 106,28 Hll,IJ;o:A MOJioKa ('r) 413,14 29,00 82,90 177,98 247,31 Jliiu,a (TbiC.WT.) 1 385 665 87 336 252 399 487 949 634 671 CoBX03hl npH npe,D;IIpHJITHJIX Y60HBbiH CKOT H DTHU,a (TbiC. T) 22,37 2,00 5,20 11,43 13,17 Hll,IJ;oii MOJIOKa (T) 1,81 0,20 0,40 1,12 1,56 Jliru.a (Tbic.nrr.) 314 25 68 128 169 HCTO'IBHK: fOCKOMnpOI'BOCTaT  Y36eKHcraa Ta6JJaua 7.1: Pean~tawe TeMnw npapocra npoMHD~J~eaaoro npoH3BO.r.tCTBa (npoueuTHoe yaennqeune no ornomeumo K npe,ru,rmrmeMY ro.uy) 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Bell npoMLnnneuuocTL 6,00 2,83 2,75 3,57 1,72 T.soKenas~ npoMLIIIIneuuocTL 7,00 4,67 4,46 2,56 -0,83 TonnHBH0-3HepreTifqecKH:H KOMnJieKc 9,00 3,67 -0,88 8,04 0,00 3neKTp03HepreTHKa 9,00 3,67 -6,19 10,38 0,85 TonnHBHasl 10,00 1,82 5,36 5,08 0,00 MeTannyprmi 5,00 2,86 -2,78 6,67 -7,14 MamHHOCTpoeHHe 7,00 4,67 8,04 0,00 0,00 HecpTexHMHtiecKasl npoM. 16,00 7,83 8,06 -0,75 -4,51 Jlecuas~, ,n;epeaoo6pa6., H nenn.-6YMruKHWI !),00 6,67 5,36 6,78 6,35 IlpOH3Bo,n;cTBO CTpo:HMaTepuanoa -0,30 4,31 2,88 0,93 0,93 Jlenca.B: 5,00 -0,95 1,92 4,72 3,60 TeKCTHJILHa.sr 6,00 -1,89 0,00 3,85 2,78 illBeHHasi 2,00 2,94 7,62 7,08 8,26 Koxeaeuuax H o6yBEaK 0,10 3,90 5,77 6,36 6,84 CeJILCKOX03./nepepa6aTLmaro~a.sr 5,00 4,76 4,55 2,61 5,93 IlH~eBaK 4,00 3,95 1,85 0~00 10,00 M.s~curur H Monoquasr 7,00 8,41 7,76 8,00 -0,74 Phl6Ha.SI 12,00 0,00 0,89 5,31 5,04 MCToqanK: rocKoMnpomoCTaT  Y36emcrau Ta6nuua 7.2: DpoMHmneuaoe npoH3BOACTBO no oopaCJJJIM (B MJIH py6Jie:A, B Te~x u;euax) 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 Bcx npoMDiniJICBHOCTb 20 510,0 21528,0 22 041,0 22 718,0 23 493,0 24 733,0 55150,0 TJOKenu 9 245,0 9735,0 10 034,0 10 187,0 10 273,0 19 947,0 TonrrHBBo-saepreTHqecKax 1702,0 1872,0 1916,0 1935,0 2064,0 2090,0 4 075,0 3neKTposaepreTHKa 823,0 911,0 936,0 907,0 984,0 1 011,0 1733,0 TODJIHBHa11 879,0 961,0 981,0 1028,0 1080,0 1079,0 2 342,0 MeTaJIJiypfHJl 1 012,0 1070,0 1099,0 1077,0 1149.0 1166,0 2686,0 MamHBoCTpoeaue 2 450,0 2 609,0 2724,0 3 010,0 2986,0 2 913,0 5 399,0 Il;enR!OJI03HO-C5yMIUKHa11 24,0 25,0 24,0 23,0 30,0 40,0 136,0 HetPTeXHMlflleCKWl 63,0 66,0 69,0 71,0 75,0 70,0 133,0 Jlecaax H ,u;epesooC5paC5aTLIBaJO~ax 291,0 306,0 337,0 376,0 405,0 418,0 764,0 llpOH3BO,IJ;CTBO CTpoiiMaTepHaROB 1052,0 1036,0 1139,0 1031,0 1007,0 1 012,0 2 010,0 JlerKa11 !IpOMblillRCHHOCTb 8 417,0 8815,0 8696,0 8894,0 9367,0 9623,0 24 863,0 TeKCTHRbBaJI 6 741,0 7122,0 6 964,0 7 029,0 7 333,0 7 439,0 20 487,0 illneimax 1170,0 1183,0 1205,0 1315,0 1441,0 1558,0 2 956,0 KoJKeBeaaax H o6}'BBa11 495,0 498,0 515,0 536,0 573,0 604,0 1385,0 CeJibCKoxo311HcTB./nepepa6aTbiBilJOrt.:(ax 2 666,0 2 670,0 2 745,0 2 850,0 2 870,0 3156,0 7 674,0 MJICHIUI H MORO'lHa11 578,0 616,0 649,0 662,0 693,0 675,0 2 637,0 Pb16aax 52,0 58,0 58,0 60,0 64,0 69,0 135,0 HCTO'IBHK: focKoMnpornoCTaT  Y36eocraB T~ 7.3: l1poB3BO;o;CTBO R narpe6n:eBBe ueupo9eepnm (B MJIH KBlJ) 1980 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 TipOH3BO~CTBO 33930,4 47938,8 52171,4 54754,6 50589,8 55873,7 56324,8 54164,5 B TOM 11HCJJC: TeDJioBu 28999,7 42498,1 47560,3 47991,4 43425,0 50370,4 49676,4 48313,5 ~osnCKTP~CCKaR 4930,7 5440,7 4611,1 6763,2 7164,8 550383 6648,4 5851,0 HMDOPT (MeJKpecii)'6JIHKaBCKHH) 13256,7 14147,2 13557,1 13797,6 17411,8 16609,4 16471,6 1no1,1 Bcero I!OCTaBJieno 47187,1 62086,0 65728,5 68552,2 68001,6 72483,1 72796,4 71866,2 BBYTPCBBCC UOTpe6JicBHC 36313,7 46682,2 48153,8 50049,4 51441,5 53343,4 54167,6 53784,7 B TOM "'HCJJC: TipOM!oii!IJICBBOCTb 19102,5 24126,2 24589,9 25525,7 26029,0 26996,8 26845,8 25149,5 CTpOHTtnbCTBO 788,2 8n,4 905,5 940,0 903,7 900,0 902,0 706,0 BLITOBOC/a 2655,5 3327,0 3389,4 3431,3 3549,8 3548,4 3542,3 4171,8 CtnbCKOC X03.11llc:TBO 8551,3 11435,1 11965,2 12666,5 13368,4 14043,6 14882,8 15576,2 TpaBcnopT 1206,0 1232,1 1232,1 1251,6 1303,6 1253,2 1240,0 1592,3 CBJ13L H ,up. 955,4 1497,8 1429,9 1441,0 1458,0 1525,4 1467,2 1517,6 TIOTCpH 3054,8 4186,6 4643,8 4793,3 4829,0 5076,0 5287,5 5071,6 3KCUOpT ( MCJKpecny6JnncaBCKHii) 10873,4 15403,8 17574,7 18502,8 16560,1 19139,7 18628,8 18081,5 8/ KOMM)'Bani>BOC X030CTBO HCTO"'BHK: roc:KOMJipOrBOCTaT  Y36eocrao Ta6DJI8 7.4: i'oDllBBDo-soepreTII'Iecudt 6anaoc a 1980 r. ~~~ Bccro Pclcpaw Bayrpcoocc llpO'IHC HMDOpT H3 BHYTPCD&CC SICCDOpT I Pt3CpliY H3MCpCBHfl D HaJJJf'IHK JIBB.1980 OpOH3BOACTBO HCTO'IBHKH crpao 6. CCCP noTpe6ncoue CTp&&LI 6. CCCP Jl1iB. 1981 Yront. 1000T 8 819,6 1 022,9 5 682,0 .. 2 114,7 6 761,2 1 173,4 885,0 ,l{pOBI 1000 IC)'6.M 252,7 36,2 67,0 .. 149,5 220,3 0,4 32,0 He~n (BJCJIJO'IU ra:J-ICOD,D;CBCIT) 1000 T 8 579,8 71,1 1 329,4 .. 7 179,3 8 498,8 .. 81,0 llpapop;obiA 1"83 MnD ~cy6.M 99311,0 725,4 34 840,0 .. 63745,6 23 397,2 74 554,6 1 359,2 ru/1 MnD K)'CS.M 299,4 .. .. 299,4 .. 299,4 .. 0,0 ~OBnCKTpOBDCprHX MnD KB'I 4 930,6 .. 4 930,6 .. .. 4 930,6 .. 0,0 MCTIJIJI)'pnriCCIGIA ICOKC 1000 T 124,7 14,8 .. .. 109,9 111,9 .. 12,8 Hccjrr.moA KOKC 1000 T 220,1 10,1 210,0 .. .. 0~2 216,5 3,4 Yront.oblc CSpHKen.~ 1000 T 142,a 5,8 137,0 .. .. 93,1 45,3 4,4 :Swroaoc TODJIHBO 1000 T 194,9 8,7 186,2 .. .. 58,5 126,4 10,0 )\H3CJILDOC TODJIHBO 1000 T 3 367,5 151,6 2 007,9 .. 1 208,0 2 781,6 434,5 151,4 ropJO'ICC ~ BH31COCICOpOCTDo JJ,8HI'BTCJICA 1000 T 37,4 10,3 .. .. 27,1 25,8 3,6 8,0 5CH3HD 1000 T 2 871,9 79,9 1 285,1 .. 1 506,9 2 426,2 375,6 70,1 ABHaqHOBBOCTODJIHBO 1000 T 51,3 11,9 .. .. 39,4 42,6 .. 8,7 Kcpoc:HB (Bccx llfAOI) 1000 T 1 088,5 38,4 736,4 .. 313,7 785,5 280,8 22,2 Cyxot ru oT aeqrreoepcp16oTKH 1000 T 300,1 .. 300,1 .. .. 300,1 .. 0,0 C~CBHLIA 1'13 1000 T 230,2 7,2 20,1 .. 202,9 226,0 0,9 3,4 Ac:tut.T 1000 T 16,2 1,0 .. .. 15,2 15,2 .. 1,0 Muyr 1000 T 3 639,1 196,4 2 332,2 .. 1 110,5 2 966,4 451,3 221,4 3neKTpo9aepru MnB KB'I 47187,1 .. 33 930,4 .. 13 256,7 36 313,7 10 873,4 0,0 reoTepwan;.ou aoepnu 1000 I1CJlT 43 922,3 .. 43 922,3 .. .. 43 922,3 .. 0,0 ... /1 DOJIY'ICB. opoqeec:e DOp;JCMBGA 1'13H$HIJ.UIH yru. Hcro11BBE: rocoporaOCTIT \_J:) ,· .... , I I  Y36eKBCTaD Ta6~a 7.4a: ToD.IIHBno-soepl"e'l"W'ecKIIA 6ananc u 1985 r. - E,IJ;mJHJJ.a Bcero Pe3epBbl BIJYTpeooee flpO'IHe HMUOPT H3 BH)'Tpeooee ~KCUOpT B Pe3epBLI H3MCpCBHJI B 88JIH'IHH .HHB. 1980 up0H3BO~CTBO HCTO'IBHKH crpao 6. CCCP UOTpetiJICBHC crpaobl 6.CCCP .HHB. 1981 YronL 1000 T 8656 576 5 250 .. 2 830 7342 843 471 A~Josa 1000 K)'6.M 90 27 28 .. 35 58 .. 32 HecllTL MJIB K)'6.M 8175 118 1 978 205 5 874 8 052 .. 123 llplfPO,I(Bbul 1'13 MJIB K)'6.M 112 655 896 34 588 534 76637 33 723 77369 1 563 ru/1 MJIB K)'6.M 157 .. 157 .. .. 157 .. 0 ~03BCKTpOBBCpr.KR MJIB KB'l 5 441 .. 5 441 .. .. 5 441 .. 0 MCTaJIJIYPI."H'ICC:KHI\' KOKC 1000 T 56 2 .. .. 54 53 .. 3 KOKCOBLIC OTXOAbl 1000 T 94 1 13 .. 80 n 13 4 Heci»T.IIBoA ICOICC 1000 T 218 6 212 .. .. 18 193 7 YroliLBLIC «SpmceTLI 1000 T 145 3 142 .. .. 134 7 4 liLITOBOC TOIIJIHBO 1000 T 148 6 120 .. 22 51 92 5 ~H3CJILHOC TODJIHBO 1000 T 3 722 144 2006 .. 1 572 3 228 385 109 TODJIHBO ~ BH3KOCKOPOCTBLIX ,u;BHI'IlTCJICit 1000 T 32 3 .. .. 29 23 4 5 Be&3HB 1000 T 3 129 99 1 320 178 1 532 2 791 258 80 ABHIUlHOBBOCTODJI. 1000 T 41 4 .. .. 37 37 .. 4 KepocHB AU TCXBH'l. ~CJICJ'i 1000 T 130 3 73 5 49 78 50 2 KepocHB AU ocse~cau 1000 T 83 3 79 .. 1 35 44 4 .ABH~HOBm.nl npocHB 1000 T 632 15 596 .. 21 598 17 17 Cyxol't 1'83 OT aeci»Tenepepa«S. 1000 T 325 .. 325 .. .. 325 .. 0 CJKJCKeBBLIA ru 1000 T 258 8 20 .. 230 253 2 3 Ac:cl»am.T 1000 T 16 .. 16 .. .. 16 .. 0 Muyr 1000 T 3 659 161 2 281 .. 1 217 2 953 477 229 Orpa6oTaBm.re M&Clla 1000 T 0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 0TXO,JJ;Ial XHMH'Io npoMLJnm. MJIB K}'6.M 62 087 .. 47939 1 14 147 46687 15 400 0 ~JICKTp089Cpi'HI MJIB KB'l 52 673 .. 52 673 .. .. 52 669 4 0 reoTepMMLBU BBCPI'HJI 1000 I"KJJT 123 .. 123 .. .. 123 .. 0 -- /1 noJI)"'e& 11 npo~cc:c:e no~3eMBoit ruHci»HKaU.HH yru., HCTO'IEOO[: roc:npor&OCT8T '"\. j '.···'  Y36eKBCTa.B Ta6JIHI(a 7.46: ToiJJIIIBBC>-3BepreTII'IecKiiA 6ammc B 1990 r. E,u,HHHIJ,a Bcero Pe3epsLI BHYTPCHHCC flpo1lii'C HMIIopT H3 BH}'TPCHHCC 3KcnopT B Pe3epBhi H3MepcHHJI B B8JJINHH .IIBB. 1980 npOH3BO~CTBO HCT01lHHKH crpau 6. CCCP DOTpe6JICHHC CTJ'aHLI 6. CCCP JIHB. 1981 Yronb 1000 T 11 504 1644 6477 3 3 380 9403 682 1 419 ,Ilpooa 1000 K)'6.M 103 21 17 .. 65 91 1 11 Heclln. MJJB K}'6.M 8 340 81 2 810 .. 5 449 8 291 .. 49 IlplfPO,nllbiH 1"83 MJIB K)'(i.M 122 799 3 501 40 761 3884 74 653 39484 78108 5 207 ras /1 MJIH K}'6.M 558 .. 558 .. 558 .. 0 .. .. • c r~o3JICKTp03HCprHX MJIH KB1l 6648 6648 .. .. 6648 0 MCT8JLJIYP['Hl{CCKJdi KOKC 1000 T 57 12 .. .. 45 50 .. 0 KOKCOBiaiC OTXO~. 1000 T 79 17 .. .. 63 64 .. 15 He«ftTJmoll KOKC 1000 T 66 11 .. .. 55 59 2 5 YronbBWe 6pHJCcTLI 1000 T 129 .. 129 .. ... .. 57 72 JibiTOBOC TOIIJIHBO 1000 T 114 10 60 44 .. .. 2 112 ~H3CJibHOC TOIIJIHBO 1000 T 4 089 174 2 260 .. 1 655 3 632 353 104 TOIIJIHBO AAJ1 HH3KOCKOPOCTB. .IJ;BHraTCJICH 1000 T 66 11 .. .. 55 59 2 5 JiCH3HB 1000 T 3 090 51 1778 32 , 229 2 746 288 56 ABH~HOBBOCTOIIJI. 1000 T 29 9 .. .. 20 29 .. 0 KcpocHH Tex. BJl3B81lCBHJi 1COO T 89 4 74 • a 11 69 17 3 KepocHH ,wur ocacmeBIIJl 1000 T 107 10 68 .. 29 60 46 ABH~HOBBbiH KCpOCHB 1000 T 1 069 18 613 1 437 978 78 13 Cyxoii fJl3 oT Beflrreuepepa6. 1000 T 325 .. 325 .. .. 325 .. 0 C::IKlDKCBBLIH l"'l3 1000 T 385 18 24 .. 343 377 4 4 AccllaJJLT 1000 T 219 7 207 .. 5 192 22 5 Ma:Jyr 1000 T 4 252 398 1 657 .. 2 197 3 404 480 368 O-rpa6oT&BBL!C Macna 1000 T 18 .. 6 .. 12 18 .. 0 0TXO,IJ;Ll XHM. DpOM. 1000 T 106 .. 106 .. .. 106 .. 0 3ncKTpossepnu MJIB KB1l 72798 .. 56 325 .. 16 473 54 169 18 629 0 reoTCpMaJJbBU SBCprwl 1!)00 T 58 714 .. 58 718 .. .. 58 709 5 0 /1 DOJI)"ICH B DpOIJ,CCCC DO~CMBOH 1'8.3HcllHKau,HH yrJIJI. HCTOl{BHK: rocupOI'BOCT8T  Y36coc:TaB Ta.6lolqa 7.5: DpoB3BOXCTIIO aaepl"'llla1991-1992 IT. (TbiC.T) 1991 1992 1991 ~992 1991 1992 1991 1992 1991 1992 1991 1992 1991 1992 JlBBapL 510 341 251 278 152 125 178 153 131 105 3 949 4 128 3 443 4 870 4»cap8llb 489 501 232 260 166 145 182 174 140 104 3 649 3 836 5 042 4 549 MapT 531 414 252 326 167 154 198 193 156 157 3 992 4009 5 285 4n4 Allpem. 546 480 231 279 148 148 178 197 108 163 3 430 3470 4463 4 580 Md 521 416 236 263 165 138 212 173 173 128 3 464 3 523 4 170 4 134 H10m. 536 408 218 241 142 111 195 159 150 87 3 050 3 074 3 848 3m HJOJUa 534 292 221 242 157 90 196 130 130 89 3 041 3 086 3 891 3 970 .AaryCT 535 413 226 263 142' 97 194 152 150 98 3 128 3178 4 289 3 593 Cem•6p~a 456 303 224 266 3 125 3 133 3 920 3 588 Oa.6pb 528 318 238 290 3 411 3 573 4 430 4 364 Ho.16p1o 507 392 242 285 3 621 3 726 4 512 4238 ,Acn«Sp~a 255 402 260 302 4 022 4069 4 853 4 542 Bcero 5 948 4 680 2 831 3 296 1 239 1 008 1 533 1 331 1138 931 41882 42 805 54146 50974 HCTO'IBHK: roc:~~toMIJpomoCTaT ...  Y36emcrau Ta6JJuua 8.1: ,[(uaaMHKa ueu u uuciJJJ.RUHH Po3HHqHbie n;eHbi (Toaapbi H yc.nyrn) OnTOBbie n;eHbi fo.n;, MeC.SII.J; HH}J;eKc YposeHb HHcpiDIIJ;HH MimeKc YposeHL HHcpJIJIIUfH 91/12 100,0 100,0 92/01 242,7 142,7 474,2 374,2 92/02 278,4 14,7 510,9 7,7 92/03 308,8 10,9 562,2 10,0 92/04 428,1 38,7 601,5 7,0 92/05 466,1 8,9 697,2 15,9 92/06 481,3 3,3 756,8 8,6 92/07 506,3 5,2 798,3 5,5 92/08 502,5 -0,8 864,4 8,3 92/09 536,5 6,8 977,4 13,1 92/10 604,6 12,7 1594,3 63,1 92/11 738,7 22,2 2377,5 49,1 92/12 887,1 20,1 2787,9 17,3 93/01 1550,6 74,8 4077,1 46,2 !,)3/02 1753,4 13,1 4546,3 11,5 93/03 2003,6 14,3 5376,5 18,3 93/04 2498,4 24,7 5572,1 3,6 93/05 2907,7 16,4 7457,7 33,8 93/06 9608,4 28,8 MCTOqHHK! rocKOMnpomocTaT H pacqeTbl COTpy.n;HHKOB BceMHpuoro BaHKa  Y36eoCTaB Ta6~ 8.2: ConOCTaBJieHHe nOTpe()HTeJD.cKBX u;eu B r<>cyAapcTBeHHO:A H .roonepaTHBuoA roproBJie no p33HLIM ropoAaM CHr TamKeBT MocKBa C. - lleTep6ypr MHBCK KHeB An:MaThi EHDIKeK ,Izyn11m6e (Ba KOBCU, aBI)'CTa 1992 r. 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(B py6IDIX) Cpc;g~eMcc.II'IH8JI MHHHM8JlbHU 3apDJiaTa 1 MCC.I'IBU 3apDJIIT& 1991 325,7 2 70 1992 JI.HBapb 614 350 c 1 DBIPS <PcBpllJib 659 MapT 927 AnpCJib 1158 Maii 1300 550 c1MU HJOHb 1595 HroJib 1908 1000 c1 BJOU ABryCT 2098 CcHTJI«Spb 2660 1350 C 1 CCHT.c5pS OKT.II«Spb 3798 2000 Ho.11«Spb 4316 ~eKa«Spb 5920 1993 Jlaaapb 5 541 2500 <PcBpllJib 6196 3000 MapT 7 357 AnpCJib 8397 M8Jl 9386 HJOBb 23465 HJOJib 11250 HCTO'IHHK: MHBHCTCpCTBO TPY,JJ;& 1/ Cpc.u;BJIJI 31pDJI&Ta IIO rocyp;apCTBCHHOMY CCJtTopy. 2/ Cpe,JJ;BU ro.u;oau 3apDJiaTa.  Y36eDICTall Talilnu(,a 8.S~ AJmaMBK8 MecJI1UIOA: 38PDJiaTLI no OTpacuM B 1993 r. (8 py6JDIX) 1992 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 .I(cKa6p~o Jlaaap~o «Pcapan~o MapT AnpCJih MaA HJ~Jiib 1 • Cp~CMCCJ11191U( 3apDJiaTa 5919,9 5541 6196,4 7357,4 8385,7 9386 23465,0 2. DpoMYIIIJicaaon& 7198~8 7902 9092,8 10229,3 12037,2 13707 31719,5 3. CCJibCKOC X03-BO 5504,1 3172 3573,9 4654 5411f4 6328,3 13820,7 4 8 Jlecaoe xo3dCTBO 3641,9 2697 5. 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Hayn H B&Y'IBOC oCSc.JlyJKHaaBHc 6393,4 5645 6715,4 7491,1 9012,8 10027,5 25068,8 15. focy»pCTBCBBOC yDpUJICBHC 6496,6 6840 8249,7 9759,6 10778 11149 27872,5 16. 4PRaaBCOBWC ~pCQCBIIJI, c:TpUOBIIBHC 12764,2 7497 11970,2 18949,3 16676,4 19064,4 47661,0 17. npouc 4003,5 4696 5440,4 HCTo1111111t: foCICoampor&o3CTaT  Y36eKHCTau Ta6nuga 9.1 CosoKynnble ):teHe)KIIble J:tOXOAIJI u pacxo~bl aaceJieHHJI (MJip,IJ. pyoJiefl, B TCKfmHX 1.\CIIax) ):\oxo~ 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 VIII/1992 A. Bcero ,IJ.OXO,IJ.OB no TpY.IJY 1. 3apaOOTIIaJI IIJiaTa paOO'IHX H c~ammc 10 504,4 10 965,9 11766,8 12 816,4 14 427 23530 62 412.4 2. IlpO'iHC ,IJ.OXO,ll;bl THIIa JapaOOTIIOH IIJiaTbl 356 370.5 608,6 1 474,4 1622,5 2 096,7 3571 3. ,lJ;OXO,IJ.hl OT KOJIXOJOB 1 718,4 1670,1 1 814,7 2117,9 2 475,2 3 779,6 8 578,9 4. ,D;oxo,IJ. OT npo,IJ.aJKH c/x IIPO.IJYKUHH 1194,4 1 279,6 1591,5 1565,7 2 047,1 4 750,5 5 260,3 E. Bcero Tpanc<PepTIIbiX ,IJ.oxo,IJ.OB 5. IleHCHH H IIOCOOIDI 2 372,3 2 501,2 2 657,9 2 902,7 3 415,3 11 919,8 6. CTHIICII,IJ;HH 145,1 147,4 156,1 164,9 192,7 454,7 7. ,Il;OXO,IJ.bl OT qHniaHCOBOH CHCTCMhl (CTpaxOBaHHC H npOI.\CHThl) 507,6 532,1 643,9 720,2 1 566,7 1600,1 17 348,7/1 8. IlpO'IHC ,IJ.OXO,IJ.hl 396,5 477,9 720,3 812,5 776 990,9 9. IlonpaBKH 13 18,9 41,6 B. Bcero ,IJ.OXO,IJ.OB 17 207,7 17 963,6 20 001,4 22 574,7 26 522,5 49122,3 97171,3 Pacxo,u;LI A. Bcero IIOKYJIOK 1. IlOKfllKH B pOJHH'IHOH ToprOBJIC 13 548.4 13 403,7 14 561,1 15 710,5 17 836,5 30121,7 50 844,9 2. OnJiaTa yc.rryr 1 384,2 1 490,4 1 751,9 1899,5 1946,3 2 684,7 7726 KBapnrpHaJI JJJiaTa H KOMMfHaJibHhiC yc.rryru 428,3 436,8 462,1 479 475,4 541,7 YCJIYfH CBj[JH 75.1 85,3 94,7 108,1 113,5 155,7 YCJIYfH J,IJ.paBOOXpaHCHHj[ H .Iij). 56 67,3 80,7 87,4 105,7 154 YCJIYfH KOOIIepaTHBOB 824,8 901 1 114,4 1225 1 251,7 1 833,3 :0. Tpaac¢epThl H coepe~eHIDI 3. HaJiorn, coopbl, IIOlliJIHHbl H npO"iHC 1 568,8 1639,8 1 780,4 1973,5 2 341,6 2784 6 823,3 4. 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Bcero pacxo,IJ.os 17 309 17 385,8 19160 21 200,5 24 329,9 44 887,9 68 542.2 7. ,lJ;OXO,IJ.hl MHH}'C paCXO,IJ.hl -101,3 577,8 841,4 1 374,2 2192,6 4 234,4 28 629,1 HCTO"iHHK: rocKOMIJpOI"HOCTaT IlpHMe'laHHC: 1/ cyMMa II03HUH}i 5, 6 H 7.  Ta6nuua 10.1: BaJJoawe KanHTaJJOBJJO)KeHHJI rocy~apCTBeHHwx npeAIJpHJITHii (MJIH py6JieH~ B Teicyli.UIX D;eHax) 1991 1992 01.\CBKa Bccro 9 975,2 ~9692 llpOMldniJICBBOCTb 2 338,7 16790 CCJibCKOC X03DCTBO 2 701,1 5600 CTpOHTCJibCTE-:.J 262,6 700 TpaacnopT H CBJI3b 827,2 2683 ToproBJIJl H o6mcDHT 165,7 485 )KHJIHIUBOC X03DCTBO 1406 3776 KOMMYJIILIIbBidC yc.nym 928,2 5149 3.u;paBOOXpaBCBHC H COI.\HIUibBOC 06CCDC11CBHC 356,2 1340 06p830BaBHC 928,6 2583 KyJibTYPa H HCK)'CCTBO 60,9 586 HCTollaHK: rocKoMIJporaoCTaT  Ta6JJHUa 10.2: H3Meaeaae 3anacoa MaTepHa.nhHHX o6opoTHwx cpe)lCTB (MJIH pyi5Jicii, B TC~HX UCHaX) 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 Ccj)cpa MaTcpHaJihHoro DpOH3BO,IJ;CTBa 6068,9 1070,6 983,4 586,6 4651,2 14740,7 llpOMWD.IJICHHOCTh 45,5 323,2 -942,6 500,0 85,2 11040,1 CTpOHTCJihCTBO 604,5 484,4 342,1 170,2 83,6 303.3 CCJI~>cKoe xo3mCTao 1 4877,9 1323,7 1404,5 -1017,2 2270,5 -371.8 TpaHcnopT 24,6 11,1 111,0 3,2 99,9 3694,1 CBJ13h 48.9 49.4 51.6 48,7 35,8 -167.8 ToproBJLfl H oCS~e!IHT -19.4 -471,8 86,7 229,4 291.7 1606,1 reoJioropll3BC,IJ;011HhiC pafSoTLI 12.6 -1,8 -1.4 2,6 0.8 1.2 3auac~:.~ 31,8 -31,5 -28.8 125,0 107,9 -587,9 HHOKP 5,7 -2,8 63,3 2.1 15,1 555.3 llpO'IIHC OTpllCJIH 436,8 -613.3 -103,0 522,6 1660,7 -1331-9 HcnpoH3BO,IJ;CTBCHHaJI ccflepa 329,5 375,1 -250.9 1204.0 317,3 -2667,7 B TOM 'IIHCJIC )I{HJIHII.UJOC H KOMM}'HaJihHOC X03DCTBO 315,9 385,4 -238.5 1181.6 281,0 -3174.8 BLJToaoe oCSc~aHHc 13,6 -10,3 -12,4 22,4 36,3 507,1 Bc:cro 6398,4 1445,7 732.5 1790,6 4968,5 12073,0 1/ llOKil3aTCJih 3a 1986 r. HCBCpHO OTPa.JKaCT ypOBCHh 3anacos, UOCKOJibKY nnachl Ha KOHCU 1985 r. HC BKJIJOllaJIH KOJIX03&1. 3aEJacld oCSopOTHhiX cpc,IJ;CTB KOJIX030B Ha KOBCU 1986 r. • 4 374.9 MJIH pyCSJicA'. 2/ llOKil3aTCJih 311 1991 r. HCBCpHO OTpa.JKilCT ypoBCHh 3anacoB, UOCKOJibKY B Hero BKJIJO'iCHhl CShiBniHC C0103Hb1C DpC,IJ;DpHJITU.;I. HCTO'IHHK: rocKOMDpOrHOCTilT  /l Y36eKHcrau Ta6JJnga 10.3: 3anacw MaTepH3..11hHbiX o6opoTHbiX cpencrs ua KoHeM ro.na (MJIH pyone:H, s Te~Mx :u;eHax) 1980 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 Ccpepa MaTepHaJibHoro npOH3BO,nCTBa 16 336,2 19 933,7 26 002,6 27 073.2 28 056,6 28 643.2 33 294.4 48 035,1 IlpOMhiiiiJICHHOCTb 4 738.2 5 873,9 5 919,4 6 242,6 5 300,0 5 800,0 5 885.2 16 925,3 CTpOHTeJibCTBO 2 642,1 2 247,8 2 852,3 3 336,7 3 678,8 3 849,0 3 932,6 4 235,9 CeJibCKoe xo3.liHCTBO 5 388,8 7 877,8 12 755,7 14 079,4 15 483,9 14 466,7 16 737.2 16 365,4 TpaHCIIOpT 291,2 381,0 405,6 416,7 527,7 530,9 630,8 4 324,9 CBJi3h 293,3 470,7 519,6 569,0 620,6 669,3 705,1 537,3 ToproBJIJI H o6~eiiHT 1298,7 1 875,1 1855,7 1383,9 1470,6 1700,0 1991,7 3 597,8 reoJioropaJse,noliHLie pa6oThi 153,1 241,2 253,8 252,0 250,6 253.2 2S4,0 255.2 3anacbi 350,0 495,1 526,9 495,4 466,6 591,6 699,5 111,6 HHOKP 87,5 94,5 100.2 97,4 160,7 162,8 177,9 733.2 I1po11He OTPaCJIH 1093,3 376,6 813,4 200,1 97,1 619,7 2 280,4 948,5 HenpoH3BO,nCTBeHHaJi ccpepa 2 500,7 4 461,5 4 791,0 5 166,1 4 915.2 6 119.2 6 436,5 3 768,8 8 TOM liHCJIC iKHJIH~HOC H KOMM}'H. 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CHCTeMa rocy,llapcrBeHHbiX 3aKa30B: focy,u.apCTBeHHa.SI CHCTeMa 3arOTOBOK, Tpeoyromrui, 'IT06hi 3Ha'.. 'l'eJihHa.SI qacTh npO,IzyK.l.J.HH COBX030B H KOJIX030B H ,u.pymx npe,n;npH.SITHH npo.n;aaanacb rocy.n;apCTBY no .u;enaM, HIDKe phrnoquhiX, ycTanaanusaeMhiM npaBHTenhcTBOM. YCJJOBHJI TOprOBJIH! ,naeT npe.n;cTaBJieHHe 00 OTHOCHTeJibHOM ypOBHe 3KCnOpTHbiX IJ;eH no cpaBHeHHIO C .u;eHaMH Ha HMnOpT. J1cqHCJI.SieTC.SI KaK COOTHOlileHHe HaiJ;HOHaHhHOrO HH.IJ;eKCa CTOHMOCTH e.IJ;HHHl{HOro 3KCnOpTa H CTOHMOCTH e,IJ;HHH'IHOrO HMnOpTa. .naHHhlli HH.II;HKaTOp xapaKTepH3yeT H3MeHeHIDl ypOBH.Sl 3KcnopTHhiX u;en KaK .n;onu HMnopTHhiX n;eH 3a 6a30BhiH ro.n;. •epTHJJbuocrh: lfucno .n;eTeH na o.n;ny JKenmuny. 3KoaoMaqecKHe uopMaTIIBN: Mephr perynupoBaHH.SI, nanararomue c.n;ep.>KHaaromue orpanH'IeHIDI na 6anKH C u;enhiO ooecneqeHH.SI Oe30DaCHOCTH H YCTOHl{HBOCTH ¢YHKUHOHHPOBaHH.SI 6aHKOBCKOA CHCTeMbl. 3KCDOpTHille Kpe,llHTill! <I>HHaHCOBhie cpe,IJ;CTBa, npe,IJ;OCTaBJI.SieMhie Kpe,IJ;HTOpaMH ,IJ;aHHOA CTPaHbi ,IVIJ1 3KCDOpTa KOHKpeTHbiX TOBapOB H ycnyr. 3ciJciJeKT MacwTa6a: CniDKeHHe ,n;onroapeMeHHhiX cpe.n;nux H3.n;ep)l{eK npOH3BO,IJ;CTBa ua e,n;unuu;y npo,IzyKUHH 6naro,n;ap.s~ noBLillleHHIO oo'beMa npOH3BO.II;CTBa.  REFERENCES Alexeev, Michael (1991). "The "Storming" of Enterprise Behavior in a Centrally Planned Economy." 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