China - Forest Resource Development & Protections Project : report on analysis of FRDPP's impacts on environment

R- :_ 0 : :7S : 3 iStS | l w i l 0 X,f: ta 0 I w r--.~ .4 | . , - . . , .f@ - ,, , - .......... ., - ,. ........... - ... ;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. . . . . . . . C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P 21~ ~ ~ M PM" s'''' '' ' ' '"''4'''E'- '''' ''''''"'- "MA 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. .4M~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. II et-I " tu=? 0 d I mu l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . .. . f-., . ..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... ~~~< r _ -~~~~~~~~~~ -- ----- -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --in- --. - - - -~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 .. ......... 3 [t ^ i S ^;; 8.; | r r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... ..... ... l IiWA:leMa't: I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ....... ...  FRDHP WB Lon P!rojet Report on Analysis of FRDPP# s Impacts on Environment October 1993  Contects Report on Analysis of FMP's IDacts ont L General Intrd1uon 2. Policy Frame 3. Evioment Assessment 3.1 Mfintence of Biological Diversity 3.2 Soil Erosion Control 3.3 Pests and Deseses Control 3.4 Forest Fire Prevention 4. Eavironmental Management and Monitor 4. 1 Environmental Management and Monitor for IP Component 4.2 Environmeal Management and Monitor for MPF ComPonent 4.2 Enviromental Monitoring Scheme 5. Implementation of the Scheme 5.1 Organizational Structe 5.2 Training Arrangemt 5.3 Training Schedual 6. Cost Estimate Annex 1: Eavironment Protection Guideline for IMP Component Annex 2: Environment Protection Guideline for MPF ComPonent Annex 3: Execution on the Environment Protecdon Guideline and the Impleenting Progam for NAP s Envirnmental Monitoring Annex Map  Report on Analysis of FRDPP' s Impct son Environment L General Introbdtin Forest Resource Development and Protection Project (FRDPP) is the continuation of National Afforestation Project ( NAP ) and its major objectives are to establish intensive management plantation (IMP) and multi-use protection forests (MPF). as well as to improve the management of natural reserves. According to the preliminary evaluation of the natural conditions. economic development and environmental aspects in the project area and on the principle of achieving optimal benefits it has been decided that the project will be implemented in 16 provinces with a total area of 780,000 hectares. The specific arrangement is decribed as follows. Involved in the establishment of IUP are the provinces of Hebei. Shanxi, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, Anhui. Fujian. Jiangxi. Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdaog, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan with a total area of 530,000 hectares Right tree species shall be selected to suit the local conditions and as many native species shall be planted as possible. Consideration also must be given to the species' characteristics such as fast-growing. high-yielding and good woody quality. The major species to be selected for IMP component are: Chinese fir, Masson' s pine. Slash pine. Loblolly pine. Larch. Eucalyptus. Moso bamboo and  etc. At the time of IMP compoent is being established. the growing stock will reach to 0. 94 million cubic meters, the accumulated timber production 0. 7 uill.on cubic meters, gross income 30.2 billion(RNEB) yuan. euatie, the forest coverage in project area will increase by 3-5%, which will be advantageous to improve ecosystem and protet natral forest resource. involved in the establishment of MPF are the provinces of Hubei and Sichuan with a total area of 250,000 hectares. Right species shall be selected to suit the local conditions and as many native species shall be planted as possible. Consideration also shall be given to the species with good protecting capability and also to the fruit tree species with high value. The species for MPF component to be selected are: Chinese fir, Masson s pime Sawtooth oak, Cypress, Chestnut.Eucommia, Chinese sumac. and oth, r broadleaved trees. After the fulfillment of MPF component the forest coverage in project areas of upper and middle reaches of the Yangtize River will increase by 3-5%, reduce soil losses up to 40 million tons,add water storage more than 2 billion tons. In affition to the above ecological effects, the growing stock will come to 0.25 million cubic meters, accumulated timber production 0.05 million cubic meters, and the total income will reach to 4.95 billion (RMB) yuan. Involved in the strengthening the management of bio-diversity and natural reserves using the Globle Environment Facility' s Fund (GEF) are the natural reserves of Xishiuadgana n Yunnan, Wuyisban Mountain in Fujian, Shezmongjia Mountain in HubeiL Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi and Poyang lake in Jiangxi with the Major purposes for improving the protection and management of these natural reserves -2-  and the species having globle and interal sigificane by adoping new metods of ornization, planng, teoloical developmet, I.noition Imaan and community priiain The detdis of FDPP lyout are shw in the project sketch map. 2. Policy Frame Guadelnes of environment protection for IMP and MPF components of FRDPP have been issued in accorawnce with the possiblity of some potential impacts on environment caused in the implementation of the project. It is also considerd related laws and regulations, especial based on making rational use of natural resources, preventing environment pollution and ecosystem deterioration, bring the project's ecological and economical benefits into full play. and the experience gained from the NAP practice. The names of refering laws and regulations are Environment Protection Law. Forest Law, Water and soil Conservation Law, Regulation of Plant Quarantine. Regulation of Forest Fire Control, Guadeline for Forest cutting and Regeneration, Provisional Mleasures on Cosing-up hills for Better Growth of Forests, Regulation of Afforestation Design, and Guadeine of Enviroment Prtecton for NAP. 3. Envirocental Assessment FRDPP will speed up the development of intensive management plantation and increase timber production,which will faciltate the protection of natural forests.forest ecosystem and bio-diversity. Especially. the establishment of MPF will play a demonstrative role in the ongoing construction of the protection -3-  forest system along the Yangtse River, in soil and water conservation and in improving the natural and ecological environment along the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The implementation of GEF, not only will improve to keep bio-diversity for five state natural reserves with globle and interal significance, but also will strengthen the Chinese natural reserves to protect bio-diversity and improve management ability. But the afforestation and management activities will have some potential impacts on enviroment. If such problems are not dealt with properly, they will produce negative effects. These potential impacts include that large area of pure coniferous plantations and or single clone without any environment protection measures are easily affected by pests and diseases and cause soil degradation;improper site preparation for afforestation may cause or accelerate loss of water and soil; irrational use of chemical fertilizers and pestcide may result in some environmental pollution. etc. NAP s experience over the last 2 years proves that the NAP' s environment protection guideline is practical and in compliance with the actual conditions of project area. Since the environment protection guideline has been carried out in afforestation design and implementation, some negative affects on environment have been basically eliminated. Thus natural environment has been rationally utilized and natural forests, diversity of ecological environment and tree species preserved. FRDPP is the continuation and expansion of NAP. For solving the potential problems in project establishment, some adaptable measures should be adopted to provent these problems . for -4-  wate;r strip or hole-site-prep ton should s e i .. , g ' ,..-. . . p l- 1 , , . ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~e-u1.i rj p~!anadon Oveall tel)atOl.wic zmImettion of NAP have, changed-this traditionalbe In addition, in order to achieve.thg purposeq of.soil and wae.- conservation. optimal conservecy engineering measures should be adopted in the:Ximplementation of MPF. Based on the environment protection'regulations issued by the government department concerned and the experience gained from NAP. the Ministry of Forestry has formulated. the Environment Protection Guideline for FRDPP to avoid the potential environmental problems concerning occurrence of pests and diseases. loss of water and soil, reduction of soil fertility, forest fires and degradation of ecological environment. Each participating province is required to follow the two guidelines to prevent any negative impacts on environment from happening. 3.1 Maintenance of Biological Diversity. FRDPP will continue to foilow NAP's regulations on environmental protection and enrich:. such regulations based on the practical experience over the last few years. When the sites are selected for IMP, natural forests which have preserving value are not allowed to cut. The barren hills and wasteland suitable for afforestation, shrub land or open forest land with crown closure less than 309% shall be selected. Some low-yield plantations (annual growth less than 3 -5-  destroyed many times and resulted in broken ft.rest. blth economical and environmental benefits are low can be transformed into high standard plantations. Small watersheds shall be designed and improved as units for the establishment of MPF and trees growing in those areas(except ill and rotted trees) shall be kept so as to maintain the ecological environment and bio-diversity. In additioii. afforestation is not allowed in rare fauna and flora reserves and in the places with historical and cultural relics. Establislhmenit o.f mixed plantations. Major plantitiz species selctedi re gt.'d quality local ones. having suitable azdlii ztr-wing fast and( highi vield. According to the regulations stated in the. kwvi r inmr-Ilt Pr(tt-etie in Guidelines for FRDPP mixed plantati' iis shall be -stablished in block or strip to avoid large areas uf plantatioti of monoculture. The species layout for MIPF shall follow the principles descrilbd below: 1) The to) sides of the mountain or hill ridge and the upper part ..f the slope will be planted with arbor or shrub species: tLh middle part of the slIpe planted with timber species: the lIx part planted .ith economic species and fruit trees or tiirber sxpecies. 2) M,ixture of arbor and shrub species with grass will be encourr ;ed in the steeply sloping part with over 25 degrees. which, as a result. is coinducive to increasing bio-diversity. controlliingz loss of soil and water and reducing the occurence o,f piests aiid *lisea~~s.  3. 2 Soil Ernsion Cnntrol. To avoid the .ntential imnacts r.--i,1 -i t from improper site preparation. tending and cutting tiperatit.ins and to reduce the loss of water and soil, appropriate measures f- site preparation, tending and harvest shall be adopted according to the site- conditions and silvicultural targets. NAP practical experience has proved that planting vegetable strips along contour line and arrangement of holes in triangle form can effectively reduce the loss of soil and water. Such measures will continue to be used in IMP component. Additionally.pri.iper methods for site preparation must be worked out according to tlhe situatiun concerning the loss of water and soil in the pr. ject area. In steeply sl-.ping areas. the measures of closing uip iil- hills for better growth of forests shall be adopted. For tending if a young stand. hltle enlarging and soil loxsening sliall ba- CoIInduct1I to maintain as muici surface vegetation as possible. .ieIcis *Olici: are cut during tendiiig shall be left on site. The deztd brancliht-s and fallen lea-ves in the forest are not allowed to collect -s ;Is tU improve the noisture retention of forest land and maintaini tllh- soil fertility. Logging will reduce forest coverage, damage surface vegetatimn. cause loss ..f water and soil and weaken the soil fer-tility. According to FRDPP regulations on environment protection. IVP slull be clearcut block bv block. which shall not be larged than *5 hectares if the sloping area is over 15 degrees and 20 hectares if below 15 degrees. based on Regulation for forest citting and regenerating' issued bv MFO). Selection cutting is mainil:. adtiptt.ed for bamboo harvesting with the intensity of less than 15'%o (number or stens). Clearcut of MPF is not pernitted.Unly thinninLg and regeneration cutting are allowed. During cutting. co nsidterinv  --3 an regenerate. - ...xi:* j e j'. > ' 1 t 2 . -~ -." ' '-**.* - - *.-. 3.-3 Pest and Disease Control., Cnsideration must be given to and disease control when sites and species are selected';- 'According to the.regulation on envi.onment protection biological,- methods shall be adopted as well as possible to control pests and diseases. NAP analytical results in controlling pests and diseases using monitoring plots will be Lsed in FRDPP afforestation activities. Timely removing sick trees can improve ther pest-and-disease resisting capability of the whole stand. When . serious pests and diseases occur,pesticides must be used, which. however. must be registered with the departments concerned and approved by the National Environment Protection Agency. For safty. the personnel in charge of use of pesticides must take mandatary training. When seeds. seedlings and planting materials areWWhen seeds. . seedlings and planting materials are to be imported to China or transported between provinces,quarantine regulations must be strictly carried out. The details are described in the -regulations on environment protection. Each county participating in the project has its own forest pests and diseases monitoring station in charge .;f monitoring anal -8--  forecasting of forest pest and diseases. 3.4 Forest Fire Prevention. According to the regulations. fire breaks are required in the establishment of plantations. Along the boundary area of coniferous plantations, such species as Schima superba with fire-resisting capability must be planted. Each afforestation entity shall establish its own fire control organization to be equipped with fire control equipment and work out strict fire control plan, which shall be included in the provincial and county forest fire control system. In southen provinces forest fires seldom occur due to plentiful rainfall and mixture of natural broadleaved forests. In northen provinces forest fire control and monitoring facilities have been strengthened since the Daxnganling forest fire in 1987. 4. Environment Management and Monitoration In order to prevent above mentioned potential problems during the implementation of FRDPP, Guideline of environmental protection for the project have issued by MFO. Every project provinces. according to the actural conditions and guideline of environmental protection should make the detailed regulation on environmental protection, and every stage from project design to implementation must be carry out strictly based on regulations of environmental protection.In addtion, inspection and supervision on the implementation of FRDPP's environment protection guidelines will be carried out by the project offices at different levels. Those activities will be conducted along with the quality inspection and acceptance of afforestation work. The project offices at the county level shall take the implementation -9-  of Environment Protectiow Guidelines as a mandatory condition for inspecting and accepting the afforestation work. If the requirements are not met the afforestation work will not be accepted and the related costs not reimbursed. The World Bank Loan Project Offices will monitor and supervise the implementation of environment protection guidelines by using sampling method. If some problems are found it is required that some measures are taken to correct them within a spe-ified period of time. 4.1 Environmental Management and Mlonitor for IMP Component. The major target for IMP is to produce good quality timber to satisfy increasing requirement of wood market. So in the cultivation. it must satisfy the requirement of tree growth rather than resulting in environmental deterioration. In order to achieve this target. according to the regulation to design and implement. overall-site -preparation must be promitted, avoid large area of planting single coniferous species or same clone.vegetable strips should be planted along the contour line to prevent soil from losing . and also based on the regulation to cutting, more details are showed in annex 1. 4.2 Environmental Management and Monitor for MPF Component. The main purpose of MPF component is to improve ecological environment and prevent soil erosion . As it is located in the area with more serious soil erosion. it is possible to plant mult -canopy forest to keep bio-diversity according to soil erosion situation in design and implementation. Small hole -site-preparation which disturb original vegetable and soil construction as small as possible. would be adopted. the 10 -  appropriate conservancy engineering measure such as cut down ditch or earth bank, should be set up on the slopes of more than 25 degrees or langer than 200 meters. In additional, small watershed should be considered as a unit to control soil erosion and to utilize reasonably land resources so the implementation should be hills-closure on upper slope or ranges, protecting-timber plantation or wood-fuel plantation on middle of slopes, fruit trees on the valley or lower slopes, at the same time, in order to fix slope and intercept sediment, it is necessary to set up conservancy engineering measures in valley , such as check-dam and sediment trap, more details can be seen in annex 2. 4.3 Environmental Monitoring Scheme. Plan for environment protection and monitoring . In order to better carry out the FRDPP s environment protection guidelines and monitor the impacts of afforestation activities on environment, two plans are worked out for both IMP and OPF components. 4.3.1 Environmental monitoring plan for LUP Component. FRDPP is the continuation and expansion of NAP. Among the 16 provinces participating in FRDPP there are 14 provinces involved in NAP where 93 monitoring plots have been laid out. The practical experience gained over the last 2 years shows that the layout of those monitoring plots is appropriate and the data collected have basically reflected the impacts of afforestation activities on environment. The monitoring plots will continue to be observed and monitored. No more monitoring plots will be needed in the 14 provinces. In the newly participating provinces of Heilongjiangand Shanxi 4 monitoring plots will be set up to monitor loss of water and soil, soil fertility and pests and diseases. In addition in the _ U} -  counties where conditions exist, the impacts of fertilizer application on environment shall be monitoredL 4.3.2 Environmental monitoring plan for MPF component MPF component will be planted along the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtzi River in the provinces of Sichuan and Hubei. In order to monitor the impacts of afforestation activities on environment. 3 typical small watersheds will be selected in the project area. 3-5 monitoring plots and a contrast plot will be established in each watershed where such contents as loss of water and soil. pests and diseases and soil fertility will be monitored. 5. Implemetation of the Scheme 5.1 Organizational Structure. The Ministry of Forestry will be in charge of environment monitoring and management of the project. Environment protection groups with full-time persons in charge will be established at central. provincial and county levels. 5.1.1 The Ministry of Forestry will be responsible for FRDPP environment monitoring and management.The World Bank Loan Projects Management Centre will set up an environment protection group consisting of experts from the Department of Forestry Protection under the Ministry of Forestry.Academy of Forestry and Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning. This group will be in charge of the following jobs: (9 Working out the regulations on environment protection and supervising the implementation of such regulations. --12-  (2) Formulating the plan for laying out the monitoring plots and the plan for monitoring,determining the quantity and distribution of such plots and supervising the implementation of such plans. (3) Working out the training plan for the personnel in charge of environment protection and taking part in the implementation of the plan and su i (D Organizing the analysis -if data submitted by the provincial environment protection groups. 5.1.2 The project office of each province will set up an environment project group. which will be in charge of: W1 Working out the detailed regulations on environment protection according to the actural conditions of the province and inspecting the implementation. (2) Setting up the monitoring plots.putting the regulations into effect according to plan and reporting the monitoring results to the central environment protection group at a regular basis. (9 Working out and carrying out the training plan for the personnel of the province. () Adding suplementary contents to the regulations on environment protection. working out the overall design of each FRDPP county and the afforestation design of each afforestation entity based on the regulations and working out environment protection measures and putting them into practice. -1?-  5.1.3 The environment protection group set up by the project office of each county will take the responsibility for: (D Supervising and inspecting activities in implementing the regulatioL (2) Setting up and observing the monitoring plots and reporting monitoring data to the provincial project office at a regular basis. (1) Providing training to tree planters. 5.2 Training Arrangement. Training will be held at the central. provincial. county and AE levels. The management and technical personnel involved in environment protection of the project will be trained to make them familiar with the regulations and details of the environment.protection guidelines and to help them implement such stipulated guidelines and regulations in the project. The training plan is decribed in details as follows. 5.2. 1 Training to be held at the central level. Training at the central level will be organized by the WB Loan Project Management Centre for the personnelfrom the provincial project offices. The traiRing contents include measures to be taken for implementing the environment protection guidelines stipulated by the Mlinistry of Forestry and methods for monitoring and assessing water and soil conservation. soil fertility and pests and diseases control. It is planned that two trainig classes will be held with one week for each and a total of 100 persons will be trained by the experts -14-  and prufessurs tL be invited from the National Environment Protection Agency. Ministry of Forestry s departments in charge of environmental monitoring and assessment and from the environment group of the WB Loan Project Management Centre. 5.2.2 Training at the provincial level.Training at the provincial level will be sponsored by the provincial project offices. Thz participants will be from the environment groups of the county project offices. The training contents will focus the measures to be taken for implementing environment protection guidelines formulated by the Ministry of Forestry, detailed regulations for environment protection worked out by the provinces, methods and assessment of environment protection, and use and management of pesticides. It is planned that three training classes will be held which will last one week each with a total of 600 trainees. The training classes will be taught by experts from the Ministry of Forestry's departments of environment monitoring and assessment. the WB Loan Project Management Centre and by the personnels of the provincial environment groups who have been trained at the central level. 5.2.3 Training at the countv level.The county project office will provide training to the technical persons from the afforestation entities (AE) who are involved in afforestation designs and operations. It is planned that one training class will be held annually, which is one week long. Every AE is required to send one person to participate in the training class which focuses how to implement environment protection guidelines and detailed regulations. how to take environment protection measures and how to use and manage pesticide. The training class will be taught by the - 15-  experts from the provincial environment group and the technical persons from the county environment group who have been trained at the provincial leveL 5.2.4 Training at the AE level. Each AE will organize training for its personnel. Training contents will focus how to apply afforestation designs and environment protection regulations to land clearing, site preparation, hole digging, planting, tending, manuring, etc. 5.3 Training Schedual. Based on above regulation of scheme, traiming details held by every level arranged as below table. stim \, year total 1 2 3 4 state class 2 1 1 number 100 50 50 province class 3 1 1 1 number 600 200 200 200 county class 4 1 1 1 1 number 2000 400 600 700 300 AE class 8 2 9 2 2 number 7000 1500 2000 2500 1000 6. Cost Estimate The total cost for both environment monitoring and training is estimated at 2.317 million Yuan (RMB). which is broken down as follows: 6. 1 Cost for Environment Monitoring. The cost for environment monitoring is estimated at 1.905 million Yuan, which covers the following three aspects. - 16-  6.1.1 The cost for monitoring IMP component totals 1.34 million Yuan, of which 0.93 million Yuan vill be used for observing the 93 monitoring plots. 0.21 million Yuan for setting up the 4 new monitoring plots (40,000 Yuan for capital construction, 60,000 Yuan for purchasing instruments and equipment, 150,000 Yuan for observing the monitoring plots) and 0.2 million Yuan for monitoring the impacts of manuring on environment 6.1.2 The cost for monitoring MPF component totals 255.000 Yuan. of which 120.000 Yuan will be used for capital construction. 45.000 Yuan for purchasing instruments and equipment. 75.000 Yuan for observing monitoring plots. 6.000 Yuan for maintenance and repair of instruments and equipment. and 4.000 Yuan for contingencies. 6.1.3 The cost for aggregating, processing and analysing the monitoring data collected totals 0.3 million Yuan. 6. 2 Cost for Training. The cost for training at the central. provincial and county levels is estimated at 0.412 million Yuan, of which 32,000 Yuan is needed for the training at the central level, 0.18 million Yuan for the provincial-level training and 0.20 million Yuan for the countv-level training. -17-  ANNEX 1: Environment Protection Gu ideline for IMP Component NAP's experience over the last 2 years proves thatthe NAP s environment protc_tion guideline is practical andin compliane with the actual conditions of the projectarea. Since the environment protec don guideline wascarried out in afforestation design and implementation somepotential negative affects on environment have been basicallyeliminated. Thus, environment pollution has been controlled,and diversity of ecological environment and tree species waspreserved. The areas and objectives of FRDPP intensively managed plantations are basically the same as NAP. For resolvingenvironment protection problem of afforestation andtending in FRDPP, guideline of environment protectionon NAP has been further enriched. and can be used as theFRDPP guideline of intensively managed plantations. 1. Maintenance of Diversity of Ecological Environment 1. 1 Lands eligible for plantation establishment are as follows(by order of priority): barren land, shrub landand open forest land or land with crown closure lessthan 30%. Low-yiec.d forests and forests with defects shallbe selected for improvemen virgin forests and secondarynatural forests around -1S-  afforestation areas should bepreserved and protected. To develop plantations at the costof cutting valuable virgin forests is not allowed. 1.2 When designing a new plantation, any conservation areawith historical significance, human cultural heritage. or habitatsfor rare plants and animals within the area must bemaintained. Any exploitation or damage of those sites isprohibited. 1.3 slore attention should be paid to rational arrangement of establishing mixed plantations. In predominantly coniferous areas. the ratio of hardwood plantations to conifers should be no less than 205% in each county. The plantation area of single species of each block should not be more than 100 ha. mixed block plantations should be adopted so as to avoid large areas of monoculture. 2. Soil and Water Conservation and Soil Degradation Control 2.1 Activities of site preparation in all areas should be carried out along contour lines, and planting hole will be arranged in triangle form. 2.2 Site clearing with fire is not allowed for controlling soil and water erosion. Original natural broad-leaved tree species shall be preserved when site clearing is done. 2.3 Strip or hole-site-prepration should be used in project plantation. Overall-site-prepration should be forbidden in principle. except specific conditions with gentle slopes under 15 -19-  degrees, which have to be used, such as agroforest. but it is necessary to have conservancy engineering and biological measures, such as contour terrace. vegetable strips. Strip-site-preparation that is allowed on slopes between 16 and 24 degrees has to be made along contour lines of the hills. If length between the upper and the lower slope is over 200 meters. 3 meters-width existing vegetation along contour line should be maintained for every 100 meters. On steep slopes over 25 degrees. hole-site-preparation has to be made and and will accept small hole arranged in triangle form as possible. Site-prepration on any degrees of slope, natural vegetation on top. ridge and foot of hill must be properly protected. In areas where erosion is arious regardless of the slope. soil conservation measures such as anti-slope terraces, strips. holes. contour ditches, and so on should be used. when plantatoins are established on tableland vegetation at the edge area shall be reserved or planted so as to prevent the loss of soil and decrease of runoff. 2.4 Organic fertilizer should be used where it is available. It should be encouraged that surface soil and tending grass are put into the hole for increasing organic material of soil. V'ariety and quantity of fertilizer must be determined according to condition of soil nutrient. Chemical fertilizer should be used scientifically and not spead over soil surface to avoid pollution -20-  of '.ter resource and environment. In order to rehabilitate and improve soil fertility, intercopping and planting green manure crops should be carried out in plain ares. 2.5 The measure of extending holes and loosening the soil of surface should be used for controlling soil and water erosion during tending young stands. at the same time, weeds should be cut and left on site. 2.6 To maintain and improve soil fertility and trees growth, no collection of fallen leaves and branches under the plantation is allowed. Fuelwood forest should be developed so as to meet the need for fuelwood. 2.7 Great attenton has to be paid to soil erosion and water loss when fire breaks are set up in plantions, Mitre Drain" meazures should be adopted on the fire break. 2.8 Cutting in block shall be adopted when harvest cutting is conducted. If cutting is done on a slope over 15 degrees the cutting block must not be larger than 5 hectares: If the cutting area has a slope of less than 15 degrees the cutting block must be no larger than 20 heetares. When cutting is conducted attention must be paid to prefection of undergrowth. Regenertion must be carried out one year after cutting. Skidding roads must be designed according to the requirements to prevent the loss of water and soil. 2.9 When the planting sites are selected and prepared measures for environment protection must be adopted .which shall be -21-  specified clearly in the afforestation design and strictly followed in planting operations. 3. Prevention and Control of Diseases and Pests 3.1 -Putting prevention first' is the general policy in forest pests and diseases control. When establishing high-yielding plantation, silvicultural methods must be adopted in conformity with planning and designing so as to create optimal conditions for tree growth and not for pests diseases development. Methods of integrated pest management must be adopted accordingly, aiming at the maintenace of ecosystem functions and improvement of natural resistance of plantation. 3.2 Only healthy seedlings are to be used in afforestation. Seedlings with diseases and pests are forbidden. Young and middle-aged plantations should be tended and managedL while trees with heavy diseases and pests should be cleared away. 3.3 Establishing large areas of plantations with clonic monoculture is forbidden. Planting mixed forests with multiple clonic varieties shall be encouraged. A county is required to have at last 10 clonic varieties for establishing plantations. 3.4 Quarantine regulations must be strictly carried out. When seeds, seedlings and breeding materials are to be transported between provinces or regions the supplier must apply for necessary plant quarantine certificate one month ahead based on the requirements given by the quarantine office in the provinces or regions where the plants will be sent. .22-  The quarantine office in province or region must inspect the certificate of the seeds, seedlings and breeding materials transported. Reanation is made if necessary. Any people or organizations that intend to import tree seeds. seedlings, or other breeding material to China must apply for quarantine and include requirements from quarantine office into the order agreements. A phytosanitary certificate from export country to certify all quarantine requirments of China has been met is required. Seeds, seedlingsor other breeding materials imported are determined to beinfested. isolation experiment in accordance with the suggestions of quarantine office shall be conducted. If the materials bring serious diseases and pest, they must be grown in isolation for at least one year. The materials can be planted only when they are proved to be free from any dangerous diseases or insects. the diseases and pests. if they are found to be harmnful. must be disposed of according to the requirements of plant quarantine office. 3.5 Forest diseases and pests control stations, must regularly forecast time, extent and tendency for major pests and diseases outbreaks to afforestation entities. Each afforestation entity must assign persons who are responsible to develop a monitoring plan. monitor common pests and diseases of local areas. and report monitoring results to the county project office. 3.6 Effective measures should be adopted to increase amount and -23-  kinds of beneficial organisms in plantation areas. such as protecting beneficial birds, setting up protection devices for parasitic wasp and breeding beauveria bassiana and Bacillus thuingiensis for biological control of pests. 3.7 Regulations of safety using pesticides issued by the government must be strictly carried out. Training of people handling pesticides are required. The kinds of pesticides of lower-toxicity with shorter life time and higher effectiveness should be chosen and used to ensure the safety of people and animals and prevent environmental pollution and killing of beneficial organisms. 4. Fire Control System 4.1 Forest fire control organization of the provinces( regions) and counties participating in the project are responsible for protection of plantations and fire control of their regions. and inspect and promote afforestation entities to improve their fire control organizations and measures. 4.2 Each afforestation entity must work out a forest protection and fire control plan and submit it to the county project cffice, Contents of the plan should include: improvement of existing forest fire control organization; delineation of fire control areas; formulation of fire control rules and assignment forest guards to patrol the plantations. manage fire used in field, report fires and assist concerned department in investigation and handling of forest fire cases. -24-  4.3 In the establishment of plantation, fire breaks are required, or fire mantle is set up. The width of main fire break is 15 meters and width of secondary breaks is about 10 meters. Areas of conifer plantation between breaks should not be over 80 ha. 5. Environmental monitoring and forecastinB 5.1 Relevant field technicians(e.g. pest. disease. fire control. silviculture) should monitor the changes of the plantations including water and soil conservation soil pertility. pests and diseasas, forest fire control etc.and report violations and other information to the environmental officers in the project office at the county-level. likewise the county project office environmental officers reports to the provincial project environment group. The province environment group reports to the central project environment group. All are responsible for implementation. monitoring. inspections of the Guideline at their levels. If problems are found. methods to solve them must be raised. Management departments at higher level must take measures immediately according to monitoring results so as to prevent environment pollution and its extension. 5.2 Each province must set up sample sites in the proiect areas to monitor any impacts of plantation on the environment. The number and location of sites will be determined by Cental Environment Group. The provincial project environmant group is responsible for setting up the sites. 5.3 Information gathered during monitoring will be included in the project information system. -25-  Annex 2 Environment Protection Gu ideline for MPF Component The guideline is formulated according to the laws and regulations of the People s Republic of China , namely Environment Protection Law, Forest Law , Water and Soil Conservation law. Regulations of the Prevention and Control of Forest Diseases and Pests , Regulation of Plant Quarantine , and Regulation of Forest Fire Control, Provisional Mleasures on closing up hills for better growth of forests worked out by MFO . and the experience gained from the construction of the Yangtzi River Protection Forest system. 1. Maintenance of Diversity of Ecological environment 1.1 Construction of Mtulti-use protection forest will be conducive to expanding forest coverage and impoving ecological envrionment. Attention must be paid to protection of areas with historial cultural heritage . or habitats for rare plants and animals, natural forests, ecological diversity reserves. 1.2 The M[PF component should make small drainage areas as units, Planting and controlling should be carried out in the way combined engineering and biological measures. According to water and soil erosion condition , suitable sites and right -26-  species shall be selected. Arbor and shrub species shall be planted on both sides of the ridge and upper parts of the slope ; timber species in the middle part of the slope and economic forests and timber forests in the lower par1s. 1.3 For the establishment of protection plantations in small watersheds. planting and tending of closed forests will be adopted so that the mixed forests of different species are formed. In steeply sloping areas (over 36 degrees) and areas with poor site conditions planting of arbors shrubs and grass shall be etcouraged to maintain diversity of ecological environment. 1.4 For sparse natural forest growing on hill ridges. in gullies. on steep slopes (over 36 degrees) and in the area with exposed rocks, and for the plantations with crown closure less than 0. 3. closing up hills for better growth of trees shall be conducted. For the spaces in the forests replanting or diddle seeding shall be adopted. 2 Soil and Water Conservation and Soil Degradation Control 2.1 All activities of afforestation on the slope should be conducted along contour lines. and planting holes arranged in a triangle form. Burning for clearing up the land to be planted nust be banned and special attention shall be paid to preserve broad-leaved arbor and shrub species to control soil erosion. 2.2 For establishing plantations under this project overall site preparation will not be used. Holes or strips will mainly be adopted. Site preparation for planting timber forests will follow -27--  IIbe regulat4uns stated in the Environment G;x,tectL1n Guideline for IMP component. For fuelwood forests planting sites will be perpared in block by digging small holes. For economic forests planting sites shall be prepared in block or strip by digging big holes. spaces in the forests will be filled by means of replanting or dibbling seedlings in small holes. 2.3 Both engineering andplanting measures shall be carried out on slopes of more than 26 degrees, or on the length of slopes much longer than 200 meters, which should be used to design water holeing ditches,earth bank or vegetable strips along cortour lines for controlling water and soil erosion. 2.4 when tending for young stands attention must be paid to controlling water and soil erosion. In general. tending in part of an area should be usedfor example extending holes and loosing the soil. For increasing organic material of forest soil. weeds should be left on sitE. 2.5 Top closed canopy should be controlled at about 0. 6 after stand crown-contact which will be facilitate for plant growing in frrest and raise the cover rate of plant on surface of land. Fallen leaves and branches are not allowed to collect so as to increase store capability of the surface of forest land. 2.6 Fertilizer application by holes or ditches should be used when tending economic forests, Using organic fertilizer shall be encouraged for improving soil. 2.3 Clear cutting of timber forests :. prtetion plantation is -2S-  not allowed. Only Lhining, sanitation cutting ur zcge-igeraLiuui cutting is allowed. Rotation cutting and felling by strip must be carried out for fuel forests . but the intensity must be below 3C%. 3. Prevention and Control of Diseases and Pests 3. 1 - Putting prevention first' is the general policy in forest pests and diseases control. When establishing high- yielding plantation. silvicultural methods must be adopted in conformity with planning and designing so as to create optimal conditions for tree growth and control for pests and diseases . Methods of integrated pest management must be adopted accordingly , aiming at the maintenance of ecosystem functioi.s and improvement of natural resistance *f plantations. 3.2 Only healthy seedlings are to be used in afforestation. Seedlings with diseases and pests are forbidden. Young and middle-aged plantations should be tended and managed , while trees with heavy diseases and pests should be cleared away. 3.3 Quarantine regulations must be strictly carried out. Use of seeds, seedlings, and breeding materials must be under strict control. 3.4 Forest disease and pest control stations, must regularly forecast time, extent and tendency for major pest and disease outbreaks to afforestation entities. Each afforestation  entity must assign persons who are responsible for developing monitoring plans to monitor common pests and diseases of in the local areas. and for reporting monitoring results to project office. 3.5 Effective measures should be adopted to increase amount and kinds of beneficial organisms for biological control of pests. 3.6 Training of people handling pesticides is required. The kinds of pesticides of lower-toxicity with shorter life time and higher effectiveness should be chosen and used to ensure the safety of people and animals and prevent environmental pollution and killing of beneficial organisms. 4. Fire Control System 4.1 Forest fire control organization of the provinces c regions) and counties participating in the project are reponsible for protection of plantations and fire control of their regions . and inspect and promote afforestation entities to improve their fire control organizations measures. 4.2 Each afforestation entity must work out a forest protection and fire control plan and submit it to the county project office. Contents of the plan should include improvement of existing forest fire control organization; delineation of fire control areas formulation of fire control rules and assignment of forest guards to patrol the plantations. management of fire used in field. reporting fires and -30-  assisting concerned departments in investigation and handling of forest fire cases. 4.3 In the establishment of plantation , fire breaks are required , or fire mantle is set up. The width of main fire break is 15 meters and width of secondary break is about 10 meters. Areas of conifer plantation between breaks should not be over 80 ha , fire breaks are also required for closing up the hills for better growth of forests. 5. Environmental monitoring and Inspecting System 5.1 Design and arrangement of MPF component shall be made according to the county s overall design and annual operational schedule to meet the requirements of this guidline. Implementation of the project shall strictly follow the approved design. 5.2 Relevant field technicians ( pest , disease, fire control. silviculture) should monitor the changes of the plantations including improvement of water sources , water and soil conservation . soil fertility . pests and diseases. forest fire confrol etc. and report to the environmental officers in the project office at the county-level , likewise the county project office environmental officers report to the provincial project environment group. The provincial environment group reports to the central project environment group. All are responsible for implementation , monitoring. inspections of the Guideline at their levels. If problems are found . methods to solve them must be raised. Management -31-  departments at higher level must take measures immediately according to monitoring results so as to prevent environment pollution and its extension. 5.3 Each province must set up sample sites in the project areas on a watershed-by-watershed basis to monitor the impacts of afforestation activities on water and soil erosion improvement of water sources and soil fertility. The number and location of the sites will be determined by the Central Environment Group. The provincial environmental groups are responsible for setting up the mogroups are responsible for setting up the monitoring sites. 5.4 Information gathered during monitoring will be included in the project information system. -32-  ANN-EX 3: Execution on the Environment Protecti on Guideline andthe Implementing Pro- gram for NAP Envirnmental Monitoring 1. Survey 1.1. The 'Environment Protection Guideline for NAP- WAS Printed and distributed to all project provinces ( regions) for implementation after being approved by the Bank in May 1990. In order to ensure its smooth implementation. the World Bank Loan Project Management Centre (PMC) of the Ministry of Forestry worked out the Execution plan for the Guideline . Souin afterwards. the 16 project project provinces(regions) have in accordance with the requirements of the Guideline formulatecl their own detailed rules of implementation based on the regional and local conditions. For three years of implementation for NAP. both the Guideline and the -Implementing Program of Environmental MonitorLng were well carried out. Alot of work has been done and yielded a good result, -especially. in rational exploitation nf natural environment, prevention of environment pollutioli. protection of ecosystems and establishment of samle plots ftnr environment monitoring. 1.2. Establishment and Improvement of the Environment Protection System The environment protection work for NAP was carried out in the time with the implementation of the project. In order to achieve this work successfully. it had in 1991 established the environmental  protection system for NAP, including one group at the central level and 16 groups at the provincial level while a special staff was assigned in charge of the environmental protection activities for each project office at the county level. There are about 360 people involving in the three-levelled system. For the past three years, this system has played an active role in personnel training, instruction of project construction and inspecting and supervising the Guideline s implementationL 1.3. Inspection and Supervision This work was carried out heavily in ombination of the examination and acceptance of the quality of project execution, meanwhile. the approach for the operational inspection is also peractised as per administrative level and the procedures of construction (such as disgging holes, planting and tending).( i). Whether the environmental protection measures are appropriate which will be a major factor in terms of qualitv for project construction and if the environmental protection measures for any subcompartment was not satisfied the requirement will not be accepted and also not be allowed for application of reeimburement. (ii). The PMIC of the Ministry of Forestry and the provincial project offices have been done a lot of work in inspection and sampling checking the environmental protection measures for the project plantation establishment, if the technical standard are not meet the requirements of Guideline, it is requested that the improvement measures must be adopted in a timely way. 2. Achievement in Environment Protection 2.1. From the -Overrall Design for Afforestation - of the county -34 -  level to the Design for Afforestatiuin Operratiui uf Llic planting entities, which had in a grest extent embodied the maintenance of biodiversity. (i). protection of the natural forests: In the - overall Design for Afforestation -, all the project counties persist in afforestation by using of the barren hills suitable for tree planting so as not to destroy the original forest vegetacion and basically meet the requirement regarding the site selection f-r the Guideline. Based on three consecutive years' inspection and monitoriing over 16 project provinces (regions), no natural forests with crown closure of more than 30% were deforested in project establishment. (ii). In the Desiggn for Afforestation Operation', all units had paid high attention to keeping the original vegetation in blocks and the conifers and broad-leaf trees scattered over the mountain ridges and feet so that a mixed coniferous and broad-leaf stands of neqly planting species with the survival ones were formed. According to the field inspection for ten provinces (regiuns) such as Anhui, Fujian. Zhejiang. Guangdong. Guangxi. Sichuan. Guizhou, Jiangxi and Yunnan in 1991 and 1992. the most original conifers and broad-leaf trees on the mountain ridges and in concaves areas of the silvicultural subcompartment were preserved. (iii). Sticking to the principle of favoured trees for suitable land. The regime of different species arrangement for different site conditions had been basically practised in project afforestation. For example, the Chinese fir were mixed with broad-leaf trees in Jiangcxi, Fujian and Guizhou. the planting composition in the project afforestation for southern provinces. the Masson s piine were uaually planted on the mountain ridges and summits while the Chinese fir on the slopes and in the concave areas. -35 -  2.2. To orgainize planting operation based on the requirements of the Guideline so as to decrease the risk of water and soil erosion. For past three years, the measures being adiopted and the achievements herefrom have been eyestriking in this aspect. (i). The strip and hole site preparation were widely conducted. The old way of over of overall site preparation for the land with the sllope over 15 degree were now changed, and the patterns for site preparation such as strip site preparation. counter-slope terrace and hole site preparation were basically as different slope carried out. (ii). Planting along the contour line . According to the incomplete amounted to 70%. In recent two years, in line with the recommendations from the Bank mission. we have made further emphasis on the contour site preparation and planting and issued a special circular operation stipulated by the Guideline would not be eligible for acceptance and reinbursement. As a result. the contour operations have been futher implemented. According to the selective examination to seven provinces (regions ) such as Hunan. Jiangxi, Guangdong, Zhejiang. Guangxi and Henan. The satisfactory rate of the contour operation had reached up to 95%. (iii). Other measures for water and soil conservation, such as leaving a buffer belt in advance and by way of fish-scale pit planting have been increasing improved. Based on the results of selective examination to four provinces of Zhejing. Anhui. Hunan and Jiangxi from the PMC. the reseravationn of buffer belts for planting sites was 90% in 1991 95% in 1992 and 98% in 1993 of Zhejiang Province, 80% or so in 1991. 95! in 1992 and 100%C in 1993 of Anhui Province while adopting fish-scale pit planting was 92% in 1992. and 95% in 1993 by Hunan Province and less than 60% in 1992 and reached to 87% in 1993 for Jiangxi Province. .~~~~~~~~~~-3  2.3. Fire Control Measures All the relevant provinces (regions) have corporated ire control in project afforestation into the fire prevention system of the whole forestry sector, meanwhile, it had also paid attention to the implementation of fire prevent measures for the project itself. With all the project planting sites, it had except reserved the fire line and concurrently some new fire break were built up. The fire prevent measures for project afforestation appears outstsnding in Anhui. Jiiangxi and Fuijian Provinces. In Anhui. 1606 kilometres of forest road were built and 535 kilometres of fire break belts and 5272.8 kilometres of forest road were built up in 1991 and 1992 while some 3412.5 kilometre in 1991 and 1392 ii. Fujian Province. The ususl practice of paying less attention to building if fire break belts in afforesting activities in a plaaned way has thus been changed thoroughly. 2.4. Disease and Pests Control As per the rc-iuirements of Guideline, the work of disesse asd pests control shall give top priority to prevention first integrated uith a combination of prevention and control. (i). Adopting appropiate silvicultural managanent measures so as to create a favourable environmental condition for the growth f young crops. (ii). The seeds and seedlings contaminated with diease and pests are strictly banned using for project afforestation. The seeds (including scion cuttings) quarantine system were widely practised no matter what the improved seeds (scion cuttings) -31-  domistically allocated or imported overseas, which must subject to a quarantine department. Otherwise. those seeds will not be allowed using for nurserying. (iii).Strengthening monitoring and prevention of diseases and pests. All the relevant provinces (regions) have paid a high priority to the work of forecast and control for the forest diseases and pests and some 49 monitoring spots have so far been set up and started in providing information for the departments concerned. (iv). Training of the pesticide operating personnel. The P.UC has deveoped a training program regarding how to properly use the pesticides and approved by the the Bank. Under the recommendation of the Bank s consultant. the PIMC also comwpiled Allanual of Pesticide Store and Transportation for NAPS and issued to all the project provinces (regions) for implementation in early Aprill of 1993. All the units are requested to have the operators to beoperatorsl993. All the units are requested to have the operators to beoperators to be reamed in accordance with the requirements of the manual prior to the pesticides are being used. 2.5. To do Well the Training Work for Environmental Protection at All Levels According to incomplete ststistics. two training courses at the central level were held with the trainees up to 160 person/time in 1991 and 1992 while the trainees of 745 person/time at the province level and of 4731 person/time at county level. Through technical training. the awareness of envinronmental protection for public had been strengthened. thus facilitating the -38-  implementation of Guideline. 2.6. The Design of Environmental Monitoring Sample Plot and Progress of Monitoring Activities 2.6.1. Basic Tenet To keep abreast timely the results of water and soil conservation, the change of soil fertility and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, so that an oriented measuer is developed the -Implementation Program for the Environmental Monitoring- and the 'Plan for the Establishment of Environmental Monitrong Sample Plots'. Both were issued to 16 project provinces (regions) for execution. Soon afterwards. according to the unified requirements of MFO, all provinces (regiond\s) set up a variety of monotoring plots fpr field data collecting and obtained primary achievements. 2.6.2. The Pattern for the Monitoring Plots Establishment. The water and soil conservation is monitored by use of run-opp plots and the changes of soil fertility is tested through the analysis of soil sample being collected after fertijizing and planting while the monitoring for diseases and insect pests is carried out within some experimental plantation. For details of the pattern for monitoring plot establishment, see the -Implementation Program of Environmental Monitoring for NAP. (attached) 2.6.3. The Monitoring Sample Plot being Established. In line with the Implementation Program of Environmental Mornitoring and the Plan for the Establishment of Environmental Monitoring Sample Plot. some 20 sample plots for water and soil conservation have so far by the end of 1992 set up at the central and soil provincial R .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3  levels (of which, 7 at the central level, 13 at the provincial level), also some 30 sample plots for the soil fertility monitoring being established (of which, 9 at the central level, 21 at provincial level), while 49 sample plots for diseases and insect pests monitoring were housed (of which, 9 at the certral level and 21 at the provincial level), for details, see attached table. 2. 6.4. Data Collecting and Analysis. The activities of environmental monitoring started from 1991. Soon after the establishment of the monitoring plots. the observation and monitoring works were carried out. By the end of 1992, the province of Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi. Zhejiangm, Shandong, HebeL, Hunan, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunan, Fujian and Liaoning had throgh the monitoring activies put forward 13 primary monitoring reports. Based on one years s monitoring data, some change can be seen at a couple of sample plots whereas no obvious change have been recorded at most plots. A BRIEF ACCOUNT FOR THE MONITORING PLOTS IS AS POLLOWS: 2.6.4.1. Monitoring for Water and Soil Conservation (i). The runoff monitored. from July to Oct. in Hainan Province, is 4345 m/sq. km. yr in the zone with stripsite preparation along the contour line. accounting for only 30% of that in the check areas while 9886 m/sq. km. yr in the zone with overall site preparation. accounting for 68% of that in the check areas. This indicates the method of strip site preparation along the contour line is of the betteer effect for water conservation. (ii). The monitoring sample plots fpr slash pine in Anhui -40-  Province was set up in March 1992. From April 7 through Nov. 30. the routine monitoring was carried out with the primary data obtaineed as followss Under the annual precipitation of 1553 mm, in the treatment zone (site preparation in blocks) the surface runoff volume was 32908 m/sq. km. yr, while in check areas 61049 m/ sq. km. yr, in the treatment zone the solid drainage was 25. 07m/sq. km.yr while in check areas, 381.21 m/sq.km.yr1 the runoff coefficient in the treatment zone was 0.480 while in check areas 0.8 90. This indicates that the site preparation in blocks for afforestation has a better capability of water conservation than thit of check areas. 2.6.4.2. Monitoring of Soil Fertility. There are two components for soil fertility monitoring: one is the impact of fertilizing to the soil and the other is the change of soil fertility after afforestation without fertilizing. Based on the primary observation. a precise conclusion for this two monitoring have so far not reached yet. 2.6.4.3. Monitoring for Forest Diseases and Insect Pests. According to the information provided by the environmental protection monitoring, the poplar bole-bore pasts had occurred in different degree in Hubei,Hebei and other provinces in 1992. In the Yangtze River Valley. the young growth of poplar in cne. or two years old were damaged by the longicorn beeltes with 0.5-20% plants infected. In view of the above situation, Hubei Province had energitically extended the integrated prevention and cnntrol techniques regarding the poplar longicorn beetles with emphasis on clearing the supplementary nutrition sources of Apriona germari. which turned out a success. For example. by planting -41-  paper-mlberry to attract and catci the adult toanicorn beetles in a stretct of fOO nu pupl. PltxuLatiM, the irnected plants had reduced fran 1A8% to 2L Based an the intuatian of the out- break of insct the project office and the Forest Disease and Pests Prev'ention and Control Station of the Departmen of orest, Hebei Province had in June 1992, at Dingzra held an a-the-spot meeting regarding the "[nngirn Beetles Prevntion and Control for Pcplus Tauentcasa and sae spuciric activities for amtrol were assigned. In 1991, the Centre Eumlyptus Subject Group of MAP had disomered the eiilyptus pseudous slatanaruu in the disease and pests unitong for eucalyptus in Youyn cmxnty, Qzaxg&mg Province. then follated bir a tracing omitoring, and the result showed that the intected rate for E. urcphylla(seedt- ings)dewrstration plantion was L. While that at the crossbred E grandis and urphytlla clkml dciatiu ptantation was 16. 6%. lhrauh awalysis. lhc fmaLures and caus of the occurrence being i; daififd, sow p.uventimn and Lct'L . --mere iwo- rked out and yielded a certain result. In 1992, the occerree rate in project plantatim had remrkably reduced. a Lssen and Comments 3.1. As mentioned above, since the NAP was implemented for tbree years, a lot of enviromental protecaon works have been done and made some progres. . thro the iMpln an of the Environmental Protection Guideline', it had changed the usual practice of paying less attention to environmntal protection in afforesting activities, and an active result thereby is expected. However, systematic efforts of environmettal protection is firstly introduced into the activities of plantation establ;shment in China. so tbat it is still needed to be further -42 - :. . - .,* -....... ...~~~~~~~~~~~~ . . - ..........................  CHINA NATIONAL AFFORESTATION PRQJECI1T LIST FOR THE EVNME MTRN SAME PLOTS ITUL5 SUtZL NMl mI1vEi3 LWATIOB ARFW TIA CF IMIATION mDss ses u srEcu EWmJqaNWn I L h uronl, _ _ 0a1 Via- zL wmq. 06 11.. Der I801 .1.., 1991-19 2 = - 3 E_ic 1Eiuin Am Ii Maa Filr Lad.. 0.n tl Dc. 1991 r. 1992-1995 4 Fujian Chiame Fir LluyKn& (. nM *W.lS91 1Jan. 191-199 6 S Hlunn Y b_mn S Pine YH in. n.s1* -9pt 19D --wPt. 1991-1D9 Eucalyptus Yalwi. i).l t=i Juaw. 1991 June. 1901-19JAJ water and ."It 7 GuangdcmuI neil fertlity. Plnu Caribh. YanijUlawg 0. nE1ta Ikt. 1901 1992-:ec. Isls limewe t ud J Gunuudnuw inpents. A;nu. S Pine Gulping. n.951, June. 1901 July. I9l-l' 9 Gu.nnd Eucalyptus Dinupun. n . Ira Amy. 11 Any. 1901 - 19s, III _ lInnan I ||Chin Fir Xiuynnu. it mum Aug. 1991 at. 199-1907 I1I Sichuan t Chimrse Fir .Ilzhr.u. o.. Olia 1903 IAr. 1-19'I-9 12 uun Euaalyptus |Bauhan. I. niha Aar. 193 Adar. W1--19 13 Yaum. |Chine Fir D|umuuaha 0. (E, Yay. 19M :An. 1991-196 14 cunder CAF! Ckineue Flr Ditto 0.12,. :ar. 991 'lar. 1901-1991 is | |a F l1 Ditto 0_ n,r Jan.1991 Jan. 1992-1996 16 Exotic Pine Ditto Ja., h1 1991 Jal 1902-19 17 Larch Lia'i"ag n . tOM July. 199 Aug. 19901-1996 18 cauder CAF1 Larch *itto)l 0.Utla July. 19 A.1991-1995 19 Euclyptbs CGAM=pu n.rha Jun 199 JUD. 1991-1995 :n (uader CAPI Wandilnzi. 21 Larch Lianninm 3.Hha 'Ay. 1991 ;ay. 9g2- 1996 Z Chine Fir ZheJml. 21. 1991 mar. 1991-1993 :i Lnblnily Pine ZheJiang U 1992 Aar. 1993-19M6 T'xuclu. 24 Slash Maew zhejiag' gu. 1991 Mar. 1992-199 Z5 Chinese Fir Anhui 1.SIh June. 1992 192Q-1995 -45-  CHINA NATIONAL AFFORESTATION PROJECr. 11ST FOR THE ENVRM MONITORING SAMPLE PLOTS ITEMS SERI MM INUIT99I 1LWATIUS AREAS fl3E OF OURTICIE _____ ~~una __ ES!zseIF ____ "it fertlUty. 29 , ii a i_ r lD_ 1. so J _m. 19= 1091190 2Z chim ir F .. Enr FQ NMv. IOD1 A_. I110-IN 21 1sojS MM(ke. Q 1901 1U01-190 29 tIAlolly Pine FJi. D OC . WD1 MY. 1902-1905 an ;a-. S Finw FJiand 4*1.45o my. 9loX 19MI-190 31 Slaub pine | m Qn 1l (ut Mar. IONJ Jar. 192-I996 :2 Chline_ Fir Hlui ;h June 1Iva Jun. 2999-l9W S11XIES _ EsWS NT : Eucalyptum Sludawksult Ibh Jan. 1IVA Jan. 1901-1994 Yaaaud,g. 34 %lnash rime Gumanslw&u lb Jan. 1901 Jolt. 1991-104 : b..u a Pine GUagal Z 4h1 June. IgWl July. 199l-219%4 ziyuandanl. 3s Chine Fir Gu.nn g 2h Juu. 1901 June. 1991-1094 37 Eucalypt1 libunm 2ha ANy. 1t9 :by. 1991-1905 39 r pine Sichuan 4hl Oct. 1901 *fr. 992-2997 :9 Cilem Fir Guizhnha Q 8 19t9 1999-1998 40 Chtne Fir Yunnan .nha I 1999 1999-1999 4 1 Eurlyptu y u m 01l July. 1991 July. 191-1991 Jirnuxd 42 Chale, Fir muuier ) A L Q Olhz Feb. 1991 July. 1902-L19S Fujinn 43 Chizm F.r uaer CA Fe1991 July. 1992-2995 Jjan1,1c 44 Slaub FIne (under CAFI 1h. mr. 99 July. 199-21995 Jiialupa 45 Sia Fin h P ler CAl lb. ;br. 1991 July. 199Z-19D5 46 Slash Pine cunder CAD Il.s Mr. 19 July. 1992-l995 Henan 47 1hplar c_wuer CAlF lh. Ay. 1901 July. 1999-195 47 P-lr undr CAF) 1h Any lwtl July. l-l9 Jianigxi 49 iMlS * Mine Luwder CAF Q. 1lb. De. 199Z Jan. 1993-199B S) Eucalypte wunder CAF lb. June 1991 June. 1991-1996 -46-  CHINA NAflIUNAL AEFYtMSU'lAUN PR1UJCT: LIST FOR THE ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SAMPLE PLOTS .zii in s amo WCmnao Mm; TM W MMRUn 7 l_fil" =MS Vr W.W1891 2m-87 70 I_~ '- 1in U,.w fl.U hr. 189 b. 199-189 77 mmnuabi m ION k.m o.=I 78 =6sE r%0 X2= 0- 0. lo(w Nr. 191 b. 1 - Mm ine Ditto 0a0m hr. 1991 by. 19-1 71 roplar H dnh. fl Zba Yby 1992 br. 1992-19 so Humfan Chimoeo Fir r (lw ay 1992 l Xby. 992-9l 82 I Chineme Fir Liuying (low by 19tW 34ay. 1992-199 Chignae Fir Twa .l (lhim by. le lay. L992-1994 liunan Chine Fir Ltayan. f.. n ha May. 1992 My. 1992-1994 95 Ih_n _ Iallaun Jiaywdan. 5. Iba Apr. W192 1992-19W Italian xlant 5. Mha Apr. 1992 t992-1997 S7 rml.ar Hubei itallan S,iidvw. 5. lhb Apr. 1992 192-1997 as lInplar Hubei Eucalyptus Yang-i. Iba June. 1991 Jtne. 2991-1905 P. caribm jafaJimg". O. 'bha Jan. 1991 Jan. 1991-19%1 .S%lab Pine Guiping. n.tMhl June.1991 July. 1991-197 91 Gunmgzi Eualyptus Ziyuauxian.o. 0.hha Bdens St L993-1991 92 couunawzi built Eucalyptus D;ingwmxmn . 2ha bay. 1991 t 199-1995 03 flina :an a lSine Cangaian. O.: a 1B 1992-1996 _Iamm S Pine Iluanwips. 0.2;a 99 199 B-96 9B CEuizbAua Eucalyptus BDalh 0.lha l.99t 1991-193r 97 YuSMM ;A1 e" 1, Pine Jianwci. n. flIha Doc. 1992 Jan. 19E3-996 98 under CAF: Eucalyptus GuUaFrua n. dOGha June. 1991 June. 1991-19% 99 under CAF: -48-  _ _ _~~ 4 I- ~~~~ . , .1~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~. .*1 ~~~J.~~~  iAP or FRDPP DzIRIJII & EWNIROiTM.. IlTOING PLOTS IOITION or NAP ati FIIRIPP I IIetIQ1gjI~~~~~~~~~~~aii * { t~~~~nner oinogglla Jint A, {lebi jw'es,.> e ,/ I J i tt w -le Llebe i ; j) ---tbi}9 o X S 2 "sall~~~~~~~~~~~Iterm igra ~~~~~1 F~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~W i t wf 'JllUttF4 - . . r I lol rallIa 1 / f ' > , tQ ..... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rFLSInt illy ?111n1ir iisr. Cuunty~~~ .0, Plot flir I t . .i . j . . ___~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.1 ,311ihw'>mlrflr.