Sri Lanka - Agricultural Extension and Adaptive Research Project

Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY t Rep"t No. 7684 PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT SRI LANKA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVE RESEARCH PROJECT (CR. 931-CE) MARiH 31, 1989 Agricultural Operations Division Country Department I Asia Regional Office Uhis document has a restricted distribution and may be used b! recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Metric System ABBREVIATIONS AEPD - AgriculturaL Economics and Projects Division AI - Agricultural Instructor AO - Agricultural Officer ARC - Adaptive Research Centre CF - Contart Farmer DA - Director of Agr.culture DOA - Department of Agriculture EMEU - Economics, Monitoring and Evaluation Unit FF - Follcwer Farmers COSL - Government of Sri Eanka KVS - Krisnikarma Viyaptha Seveka MADR - Ministry of Agricultural Development and Research RRC - Regional Research Centre RTC - Regional Training Centre RTWC - Regional Technical Working Croup SMO - Subject Matter Officer SPU - Special Project Unit T&V - Training and Visit System  FOB OUVU=AL U3 ONLY TrE WORLD BANKM Washngton. D.C 20433 US.A oI.ce di Oftw4VGUt OpwaSmuu Ivsaktrin March 31, 1989 MEMORANDUM TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS AND THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Project Completion Report on Sri Lanka Agricultural Extension and Adaptive Research Prolect (Credit 931-CE) Attached, for i,sformation, is a copy of * report entitled 'Project Completion Report on Sri Lanka Agricultural Extension and Adaptive Research Project (Credit 931-CE)" prepared by the Asia Regional Office. Full evaluation of this project has not been made by the ^perations Evaluation Department. Attachment |This documenthas a restricted distribution and may beused by recipients only in the performance| of their official duties. tscontents ma ynot otherwise hedisclosed without World Bank authorization.  FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY SRI LANKA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVZ RESEARCH PROJECT PROJZCT COMPLZTION REPORT Table of Cont-nts Page No. PPZACE ...................................................... i BASIC DATA SHEET i............................................ i EVALUATION SUM)IARY ...................... ...................... iii I. INTRODUCTION ......................................... 1 II. PROJECT IDENTIFICATION, PREPARATION AND APPRAISAL .... 1 A. Project Oricin .......... ......................... 1 B. Appraisal and Effectiveness ..... ................. 2 C. Project Descriptioa and Detailed Features ........ 2 - Project Description ...... .................... 2 - Detailed Features ....... ..................... 3 III. IMPLEMENTATION .......... ............................. 6 A. Start Up ........... .............................. 6 B. Revision ......................................... 6 C. Reporting ........... ............................. 6 D. Project Costs ........ ............................ 7 E. Disbursement by Categories ..... .................. 7 F. Implementation of Specific Components . . . 7 - Civil Works . . 7 - Procurement of Vehicles and Equipment 8 - Staffing Performance . . - Training . .9 - Operating Expenses . . 9 - Technical Assistance and Overseas Training 10 - Monitoring and Evaluation . .10 IV. INSTITUTIONAL PERFORMANCE ...... ...................... 11 A. Project Organization and Management .... .......... 11 B. Extension ........... ............................. 11 C. Research ............ ............................. 12 D. Education and Training ...... ..................... 13 Z. Consultants ........... 13 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their officia! duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  V. PROJECT IMPACT .................. 14 A. Intended Impact .toooeo ... ..... *.... a 14 B. Observed Impact ....... ......... off ..... 14 - Farmers' Response .. 14 - ProduCtion Impact . . 15 - Rate of Return .* ............. . ...... 15 VI. IDA PERFORMANCE .........15 VII. CONCLUSIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED .................... 16 TABLES 1. Appraisal Cost Estimates and Actual Costs 2. Project Disbursements 3. Progress of Civil Works 4. Procurement of Vehicles 5. Project Staffing 6. Training 7. Technical Assistance 8. Overseas Training 9. Monitoring and Evaluation 10. Indicators of Monitoring Survey 11. Comparison of Improved Practices 12. Comparison between pre-project and with-project crop yields ATTACHMENTS 1. Leaflets, Journals and Magazines produced by DOA  SRI i LyAN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADAPT'IVE RMSEARCH PROJECT PROJUCT COEPLUTIOI REPORT Preface ThLs Project Completion Report reviews implm_ntation of the Agricultural Extension and Adaptive Research Project in Sri Lanka for which Credit 931-CE in the amount of US$ 15.5 million was approved on June 12, 1979. The Credit was closed on June 30, 1986 and the undisburged balance of USS 7.54 million was cancelled. The PCR was prepared by South Asia Region staff on the basis of a project evaluation report prepared by the Borrower, &s well as the Etaff Appraisal Report (No. 2396-CE, dated May 17, 1979), Development Credit Agreement (dated July 24, 1979), IDA supervision mission reports, a review of the correspondence files, and discussions with Government of Sri Lanka officials. The draft report was sent to the Borrower for comments on January 18, 1989; however, no comments were received.  SRI LANKA ACRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVE RESEARCH PROJECT CREDIT 931-CE PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT - BASIC DATA SHEET KEY PROJECT DATA Appraisal Actual 2 of Estimate Actual Appraisal Estimates Project Cost (USs million) 22.4 12.2 54 Credit Amount (US$ million) 15.5 7.96 51 Date Physical Components completed Dec. 1985 Dec. 1986 - Institutional Performance Good Good Agro-Economic Performance Good Good CUMULATIVE DISBURSEMENT FY80 FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84 FY85 FY86 FY87 Appraisal Estimates (USS million) 0.7 4.5 7.8 11.0 14.0 15.5 - - Actual (US$ million) - - 1.4 2.2 3.2 4.7 6.0 7.96 Actual as Z of Appraisal - - 18 20 23 30 39 51 Date of Final Disbursement December 31, 1986 PROJECT DATES Original Actual Negotiations 05/07/79 Board Approval 06/12/79 Credit Signing - 07/24/79 Credit Effectiveness 10/24/79 10/04/79 Credit Closing 06/30/85 06/30/86 STAFF INPUT (staff weeks) FY79 FYn FY91 0Y32 FYS FYr4 FY65 FY36 FY37 FYN Tet_ Preeppralsal .1 9.0 - - - - - - - - - 9.9 Appraisal - 59.7 - - - - - - - - - $9.7 Negotiation - 4.0 - - - - - - - - - 4.8 Supervielon - 2.6 M0.4 16.4 19.1 15.8 19.1 12.9 7.4 18.2 4.0 140.1 Other - .6 - - .4 - - - - - - 1.6 TOTAL .1 76.9 30.4 10.4 19.5 15.8 19.5 12.9 7.4 18.2 4.0 215.6  -111- OTHER DATA Borrower Government of the Democratic Republic of Sri Lanka Fiscal Year : January 1 to December 31 Name of Currency : Rupees (Rs) Exchange Rate Appraisal Year : 1978 US$1 * 15.80 Invervening Years/Average : 1979 " = 15.57 1980 " - 16.58 1981 = 19.25 1982 = 20.80 1983 = 23.53 1984 = 25.44 1985 = 27.16 Average = 21.19 Completion Year 1986 = 27.95 MISSION DATA Date No. of Man Days Specifi- Perf. Rating Type of Mo/Yr Persons in Field cationl/ Status2/ Trend 3/ Problems4/ Appraisal 10/78 4 A,B,C,D - - - Supervision I 07/79 4 19 A,C.D,F 1 2 H Supervision II 01/80 2 9 B,E 2 1 M Supervision III 7-8/80 1 11 B 2 2 M,T Supervision IV 11/80 1 6 B 2 1 M,T Supervision V 07/81 4 15 A,B,C 2 1 M,T Supervision VI 02/82 2 10 A,B 2 i M,T Supervision V,I 09/82 3 i2 B,C,E 2 1 M Supervision VI'I 7-8/83 4 17 B,C,D,E 2 1 M Supervision IX 03/84 2 9 A,B 2 1 M,F Supervision X 9-10/84 1 7 A 2 1 F Supervision XI 03/85 1 5 A 2 1 M,F Supervision XII 9-10/85 1 13 A 2 1 M,F Supervision XIII 02/86 1 12 A 2 2 M,F Supervision XIV 04/87 1 ; A 2 2 - 1/ A - Agriculturist; B = Agricultural Economist; C = Extension Specialist; C a Rural Development Specialist; E = Agricultural Extsnsion/Research; F a Engineer. 2/ 1 - Problem free; 2 - Satisfactory; 3 = Deterioraring. 3/ 1 = Improving; 2 = Stationary; 3 = Deteriorating. 4/ F * Financial; M = Managerial; T = Technical; D = Others.  -iv- SRI LANKA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVE RESEARCH PROJECT PROJECT COKPLETION REPORT EVALUATION SUMKARY 1. The Training and Visit system (T6V) of extension was first introduced in Sri Lanka on a pilot scale in 1976, as a component of the IDA-supported Tank Modernization Project (Cr. 666-CE). The pilot effort was successful and, in June 1978, the Government of Sri Lanka (GOSL) submitted to IDA a report requesting assistance for a project to strengthen extension, training, and adaptive research facilities in the whole country. The project was appraised by IDA in October 1978. The Credit Agreement was signed on July 24, 1979 and became effective on October 24, 1979. The Credit closed on June 30, 1986 after a year's extension. Objectives 2. The project's objectives were: (i) to establish an unified extension system in the whole of Sri Lanka for all crops (except tea and rubber) and animal husbandry, patterned on the training and visit system of extension; (ii) strengthen adaptive research facilities end research-extension linkages; and (iii) to improve and expand the training of extension personnel. The project included funds for: (a) establishment of the training and visit system of extension; (b) establishment of an adaptive research network on the basis of the agro-ecological regions; (c) improvement and expansion of agricultural training institutions; (d) foreign training of extension and research staff; (e) 138 man-months of technical assistance; (f) construction of offices, laboratories, and staff housing; (g) purchase of vehicles and equipment; and (h) incremental staff and operating costs. 3. The Department of Agriculture (DOA) of the Ministry of Agricultural Developmen. and Research (MADR) was the implementing agency. A Project Coordination Ccmmittee (PCC) was to be formed under the chairmanship of the Secretary MADR. PCC was expected to ensure interministerial coordination and previde full support for the establishment of T&V extension in the country. The Director of Agriculture was to be responsible for day-to-day implementation of the project and assist in implementing project activities relating to extension, adaptive research, training and monitoring and evalua- tion by the respective Deputy Directors of extension, research, training, and agricultural economics and projects divisions.  Implementation Experience 4. During implementation, the technical assiatance program (138 man-months) was drastically reduced to 50 man-months. Civil works construction and procurement of vehicles and quipment started late. The scope of the civil works program was reduced because bids received were substantially above appraisal cost estimates and at the time there was no indication of the sizable local currency devaluation vis-a-vic the US dollar that materialized uubsequently. Staff recruitment was slow due to administrative procedures and increase in the pro-service training period of the villag- level extension worker, Krushikarma Viyaptha Seveka (KVS), from 12 months to 24 months. About 87% of staff positions estimated at appraisal were approved by the Treasury and 99% of tnese were filled. dowever, due to budget cuts by the Treasury, adequate operating funds were not made available. 5. Because of the delays in the start of civil works, procurement of goods, and foreign training, the project fell behind its implementation schedule. The extension of the Credit closing date by one year from June 30, 1985 to June 30, 1986 enabled DOA to complete civil works which had started, and complete procurement of goods and the training program. 6. Project reporting and completion of monitoring and evaluation survey. and studies were reasonably regular. 7. Though separate accounts were maintained in a systematic manner, DOA did not provide to IDA the required audit reports and certified statement of expenditures (SOEs) on "Staff Salaries and Allowances." Consequently, IDA stopped disbursements against "Staff Salaries and Allowances" after June 30, 1986. 8. As of December 31, 1986 (date of final disbursement), an amount of US$1.96 million had been disbursed against the total credit of US$15.5 million. The balance of US$7.54 million was carcelled. The surplus was mainly due to the scaling down of civil works program, reduction in the technical assistance program, and a substantial local currency devaluation vis-a-vis the US dollar of about 30% between 1979 and 1986. Project Impact 9. The Department of Agriculture has successfully established the T&V extension in the entire country, organized a network of adaptive resaarch stations, and has expanded and strengthened the training institutions. Extension staff have visited farmers at regular intervals, furtnightly training was held regularly, and in-service training programs have been geared to meet farmers' needs and research findings. A mechanism to provide feedback of farmers, problems, through adaptive research, is in place. Research- extension linkages have been established and strengthened through Regiontl Technical Working Group meetings, monthly research-extension dialogues, and the adaptive research program. Though the foreign training program for staff started late, it has been successfully completed. 10. Contrary to the decision at appraisal, the project was not able to establish a unified extension system. GOSL decided that the Ministry of Rural  -vi- Industries Development would maintain its own extension *ystem for animal husbandry. Zxtension work on minor export crops and coconut was included in the last two years of the project. However, a well-organised extension syst-m for field crops with adequate support from training and research is in place. Sustainabilitv 11. Notwithstanding the problems faced in project implementation, DOA has been ablo to establish a well-organized extension system that draws good support from research and trairing. Monitoring and Evaluation studies have identified an important weakness in implementation, i.e., excessive concentration on contact farmers. Encouraging rosults have been achieved in terms of use of improved varieties, adoption of improved cultural practi-ces, and increased and better use of fertilizer. Production increases estimated at appraisal have been exceeded. In order to bring about qualitative Improvements in the extension system and research-extension linkages, and to ensure sustained development, a second phase of the project is essential. Findings and Lessons 12. The main lespons learnt are: (a) extension support for animal husbandry should not have been excluded from the project as it would have provided a whole-farm approach; (b) extension staff should get appropriate guidance on the need to contact as many farmers as possible during field visits, instead or concentrating on contact farmers alone; (c) technical assistance needs should be assessed on a realistic basis and a firm commitment obtained at appraisal from the highest authority in the concerned Ministry to guard against subsequent drastic changes; (d) at the beginning of the pioject, emphasis should be given for preparation of a detailed action plan for implementation; (e) provision should be made for operational funds to carry out monitoring and evaluation studies; and (f) appropriate guidance should be provided to the Borrower on IDA requirements for submission of audit reports and certified SOEs, and procurement procedures.  SRI LANKA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVE RESEARCH PROJECT PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT I. INTRODUCTION 1.01 Before the implementation of the IDA-assisted Agricultural Extension and Adaptive Research Project, agricultural extension in Sri Lanka was widely dispersed within the Ministry of Agricultural Development and Research (MADR), the Mahaweli Development Authority, Ministry of Coconut Industry, and the Ministry of Rural Industrial Development. The Department of Agriculture (DOA) with a total of about 2,300 field staff did not have a well-organized extension system. The situation was no better in other departments. DOA's own extension work was inadequate due to lack of trained staff and restrained in their field visits due to lack of transport; performance of non-extension activities; and lack of an efficient system to maintain contact with farmers to understand their problems and provide technical support. The existing training institutions were not well equipped with training material and systems for delivery of extension messages to farmers were weak. 1.02 DOA research was reasonably well established with a strong rice breeding program. Five Regional Research Centres (RRC) had been established based on agroecological variations. These RRCs covered only five of the nine agroecological regions of the country. The sLaffing and other facilities at RRCs were inadequate to provide multidisciplinary research suppcrt. Linkages between research and extension were poor except for the organization of mini-kit trials. 1.03 The Agricultural Extension and Adaptive Research Project was designed co establish the training and visit system (T&V) of extension to cover the entire country, strengthen adaptive research and research-extension linkages, and to improve and expand the training of extension staff. II. PROJECT IDENTIFICATION, PREPARATION AND APPRAISAL A. Project Origin 2.01 T&V extension was first introduced in Sri Lanka on a pilot scale in 1976 as a component of the IDA-supported Tank Irrigation Modernization Project (Cr. .666-CE) in Anuradhapura district. This pilot work demonstrated that the system was effective in maintaining close contact with farmers and transmission of extension messages to them. It also revealed that a need existed for strengthening adaptive research and establishment of close linkages between research and extension. As part of the reorganization of research, extension, and training of DOA, on UNDP/FAO project "Reorganization  -2- of National Research, Extension, and Training Resources for Agriculture" was initiated in January 1977. In June 1978, COSL submitted to IDA a report prepared by the UNDP/FAO project team, requesting assistance for a project to strengthen extension, training, and adaptive research facilities in the whole country. B. Appraisal and Effectiveness 2.02 The project was appraised by IDA in October 1978 and a report issued on May 17, 1979--Sri Lanka Agricultural Extension and Adaptive Research Project, Report No. 2396-CE. The main difference between the prepared and appraised project was the deletion of the headquarters complex, increase in infrastructure development in the field, and strengthening of the supervisory capacity of DOA's Civil Engineering Unit. The establishment of a Project Coordination Committee wa8 a condition of Credit effectiveness. 2.03 The project's oojectives concentrated on helping COSL to apply T&V extension to the cntire country, to strengthen adaptive research and research-extension linkages, and to improve and expand training of extension personnel. The project was approved on July 24, 1979 set to become effective on October 24, 1979. The project became effective on October 4, 1979. C. Project Description and Detailed Features Project Description 2.04 The Project was designed to provide funds for: (a) strengthening of extension services by the establishment of an unified T&V extension organization for all crops (except tea and rubber) and animal husbandry for the entire country; (b) establishment of an adaptive research network on the basis of the country's agroecological regions; (c) improvement and expansion of agricultural training institutions of DOA; (d) strengthening of the Economics Unit of DOA and expanding its func- tions to include conducting a benchmark survey, continuous project evaluation with about 5,000 farmers, helping adaptive research teams, and Regional Training Centres (RTC); (e) strengthening of the planning and supervisory capability of DOA's Civil Engineering Unit (CEU);  -3- (f) provision of funds for salaries and allowances for a total of 1,789 incremental extension, adaptive research, training, economics and civil engineering staff required as a consequence of the project; (g) provision of 1,323 buildings consisting of 1,203 living quarters for incremental staff and 120 buildings for training centres, offices and laboratories and workshops; (h) provision of appropriate vehicles (jeeps, cars, buses, motorcycles and bicycles) for incremental staff and equipment for farms, laboratories and workshops; (i) provision of incremental operating and maintenance costs for project works, buildings, vehicles and equipment; (j) provision of six months training at various International Agricul- tural Research Centres (IARC) for three senior training officers, 14 Research officers and 14 Subject Matter Officers (SMO) of DOA, and short-term visits to India of 120 Village level extension officers (KVS), 48 Agricultural Instructors (A'), 24 Subject Matter Officers (SMO), and 24 Agricultural Officers (AO). Another three senior training officers were to be trained overseas in training methodology; (k) provision of 138 man-months of consultancy for a team leader and specialists in animal husbandry, coconut/undercrops, water manage- ment, plant protection, coarse grains, grain legumes, root and tuber crops, and vegetables to assist in implementing the project. Detailed Features 2.05 Strengthening of Extension Service. An unified T&V extension organization for all crops (except tea and rubber) and animal husbandry (excluding veterinary services and supplies of improved animal breads) was to be established for -he entire country. By the introduction of the unified extension system throughout the country, extension operations were to be integrated in the following manner: (a) extension staff were expected to do full time extension work and their training and visit schedules were not to be interfered at any time; (b) the Ministry of Rural Industrial Development (MRID) and the Ministry of Coconut Industries (MCI) would support the unified extension system by designating their District level officers to serve as subject matter officers on animal husbandry and coconut cultivation for training of extension officers of DOA, who would pass on extension messages to farmers; and (c) the Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Lhe Ministry of Land and Land Development would entrust extension wor'. in Mahaweli Canga development projects, irrigation projects, and special project areas to DOA.  -4- 2.06 Additional staff were to be provided to achieve staffing patterns in accordance with agreed norms based on--one Krishikarma Viyaptha Seveka (KVS) for every 750 farm families; one Agricultural Instructor (AI) for every 4-5 KVSs; one Agricultural officer (AO) for 8-9 AIs and 2-3 AOs per district (each supervising a division within the district); and each district was to be headed by a Distri-... Agri-ultural Extension Officer (DAEO) assisted by a number of subject matter officers (SMO). 2.07 The farm families covered by each KVS (750 an average) were to be divided into about eight "clusters," containing an average of 95 families in each cluster. Some seven to eight farmers in each cluster were to be selected by KVS as contact farmers. Visit programs of extension staff, supervision, and training artd technical support, were to be implemented in accordance with T&V extension methodology. 2.08 To assist extension staff maintain the required regular and frequent farm visits, field staff were to be provided housing by constructing new houses at suitable locations; loans for purchase of bicycles and motorcycles were to be made available for appropriate level of field staff; and addi- tional vehicles provided at headquarters, district, and division levels. Incremental vehicle operating costs were to be provided along with staff travelling allowances. 2.09 3trengthening Adaptive Research. The Regional Research Centres (RRC) were to be responsible for planning, executing, and supervising adaptive research in order to provide practical answers to farmers' problems and to evolve appropriate technological recommendations adapted to local conditions. Adaptive research was to be conducted on farmers' fields and the annual plans were to be prepared by RRCs in consultation with extension staff. Suitable mechanism for technical coordination among research, extension, and training was provided for. 2.10 About 24 Adaptive Research Centres (ARC) were to be established. Each ARC was co be provided with a simple laboratory, office, and technical staff. Funds were provided for construction of three new RRC buildings and for other facilities such as equipment, vehicles, staff, and operating costs. 2.11 Training Institutions. The existing training institutions of DOA were to be strengthened with additional buildings, vehicles, equipment, incremental staff, and operating costs to provide pre-service training to KVS and in-service training to all categories of extension staff. 2.12 Monitoring and Evaluation. The Economics Unit of DOA was to be strengthened to carry out a Benchmark Survey in the project area, evaluation of the adaptive research program, and monitoring and evaluation of the exten- sion system through sample surveys and special studies.  2.13 Civil Engineering Unit. The Civil Engineering Unit of DOA was to be strengthened to supervise the Civil Works program. 2.14 Overseas Training an;. Technical Assistance. Overseas training was to be provided by sending 216 ex.tension staff on study tours to India and six-month studies prcvided at international institutions for 31 research and extensior. staff and training officers. 2.15 About 138 man-months of technical assistance was to be financed to employ consultants in the fields of extension, animal husbandry, water management, and specific crops (coarse grains, legumes, root/tuber crops, and vegetables). 2.16 Project Costs and Financ.rl The project was estimated to cost US$22.4 M (over a five-year period) inclusive of US$0.4 M as taxes and duties and US$5.0 M as physical and price contingencies. Civil Wurks (US$5.4 M base cost) and machinery and equipment (US$4.0 M base cost) together made up more than half of the total Lase costs. Operating costs such as staff salaries and aliowances, and vehicle and machinery operation; overseas training; and technical assistance made up the remainder. IDA credit was for US$15.5 M which was to finance about 70Z of project costs, net of duties and taxes. The credit was to rover all foreign expenditures (US$9.7 M) and about 46% of local costs (US$5.3 M). Appraisal cost estimates and actual expenditure for the project are given in Table 1. 2.17 Organization and Management. The Department of Agriculture of MADR was the project implementing agency. A ministry-level Project Coordination Committee (PCC) was to be formed under the chairmanship of the Secretary MADR to coordinate policy matters with GOSL and to ensure interministerial coor- dination and support to the unified T&V extension. In addition to senior officers of MADR, PCC was to include senior representatives from MRID, MCI, Ministry of Mahaweli Development, Ministry of Land and Land Development, Ministry of Finance and Planning, and the Ministry of Plan Implementation. The establishment of PCC was a condition of Credit effectiveness. 2.18 The Director of Agricuiture (DA) was the Project Director. Project activities relating to extension, adaptive research, training, monitoring and evaluation, and civil works were to be under the charge of Deputy Directors of extension, research, training, agricultural economics, and civil engineer- ing of DOA. A Special Project Unit was to be established in DOA under the chairmanship of DA to monitor project implementation. The concerned minis- tries participating in the project were expected to nominate an officer to liaise with DA on project matters.  III. IMPLEMENTATION A. Start Up 3.01 With the assistance of an IDA supervision mission in July 1979, early progress was made in .3tablishing the organizational and administrative framework for project implementation. The project became effective in just over t;o months after signing of the Credit Agreement. By the end of calen- dar year 1979, preliminary administrative and operational systems had been established. These included pre-project training, preparation of extension guidelines and training material, establishment of an Operating Unit in DOA, establishment of Regional Technical Working Groups (RTWG), and finalization of adaptive research trials at seven ARCs. However, extension work at farmers' level was slow in taking off, and construction work and other procurement were considerably delayed. B. Revision 3.02 Significant changes in project design took place during implementa- tion. The Ministry of Rural Industries Development (MRID), with the backing of the Cabinet, decided that the Department of Animal Production and Health (DAPH) would maintain its own extension service for livestock development. The 138 man-months of expatriate consultancies were drastically reduced and overseas training was increased. Despite continuous pressure from IDA, extension staff were not fully relieved of some non-extension activities and, together with other constraints, the tortnightly visits were reduced to six days. 3.03 Due to delay in the start of civil works and a sharp escalation of construction costs, IDA agreed to a scaling down of the civil works programme especially the construction of a staff quarters. Although no provision was made at appraisal for staff quarters at Kandy, DOA requested and IDA approved the purchase of 30 staff quarters at Kandy and also the construction of an office building for the Economics, Monitoring and Evaluation Unit (EMEU). 3.04 Mainly because of delays in civil works construction and procurement of goods, the Credit closing date was extended by one year from June 30, 1985 to June 30, 1986. C. Reporting 3.05 The Agricultural Economics and Planning Division (AEPD) of DOA was responsible for sending half-yearly progress reports to IDA. Reporting was fairly regular and contained detailed information on progress of project-related activities. 3.06 DOA maintained separate project accounts and disbursement requests were made regularly. Submission of audit reports was delayed and not one  report had been made available to IDA at project closing. The earlier IDA supervision missions did not provide suitable guidance for submission of audit reports and certified statements of expenditures. Due to non-receipt of audit opinion on statements of expenditures (by June 30, 1986), IDA dis- bursements were discontinued from July 1, 1986. D. Project Cost 3.07 An amount of Rs 287.7 M (81% of the appraisal estimate of Rs 354.4 M) was spent during the project period. Due to substantial local currency devaluation of about 30% against the US dollar between 1979 and 1986 and scaling down of the civil works program, the total project cost was only US$12.2 M, about 54% of the appraisal estimate of US$22.4 M (Table 1). Other reasons for the shortfall were the substantial reduction in the technical assistance component, and delays in civil works construction, procurement of goods, and staff recruitment. E. Disbursement by Categories 3.08 The IDA Credit of US$15.5 M was expected to finance 70% of project costs. Of this amount, US$7.96 M (51%) had been disbursed as of December 31, 1986 and the balance of US$,.54 M was cancelled effective January 1, 1987. Appraisal estimates and actual disbursements against different categories are given in Table 2. F. Implementation Experience of Specific Components 3.09 Civil Works. It became apparent soon after the start of the project that the proposed buildings program would be impossible to achieve because of considerable increase in construction costs. With the approval of IDA, the programme was reduced to about 50% of the appraisal estimates. 3.10 There were delays in identification of building sites and qualified and reliable contractors in rural areas. Not much work could be done in the first two years. Once work started, contractors could not complete construc- tion on schedule and DOA had to complete works by force account. In several cases, contracts had to be re-awarded. Delays were also caused by changes to existing designs and poor supervision of contractors' work. 3.11 Construction started in 1980 and performance was better in implement- ing the revised construction program, especially in the latter years of the project. Although no provision had been made at appraisal, IDA agreed to a request by DOA to purchase 30 staff quarters at the Hantana complex in Kandy and for the construction of an office for the Economics, Monitoring and Evaluation Unit. By the end of the project, most of the buildings included in the revised program had been completed. The average quality of works was satisfactory and the shortfall in numbers was mainly in the construction of  -8- staff quarters. Details of the civil works program indicating appraisal estimates, revised estimates, and buildings completed are given in Table 3. 3.12 Procurement of Vehicles and Equipment. DOA encountered procedural delays in following International Competitive Bidding (ICB). Further delays were caused due to la.'k of clear instructions on items to be purchased by the Mechanical Engineering Division of DOA and other technical divisions. 3.13 DOA made the right decision to initially purchase two-wheel vehicles (staff-owned) and allot them to staff, who paid for them at cost through deductions from salaries over five years. This ensured the procurement of right type of vehicles at uniform prices and repayment terms and, through standardization, eased maintenance problems. 3.14 The types and numbers of vehicles purchased under the project are given in Table 4. Shortfall in respect of jeeps and vans resulted in non-formation of mobile units for the adaptive research progvam and weak field supervision. Early in the project, 15 Romanian jeeps were procured following IDA guidelines despite the Government's reluctance because of uncertainties in a'ter-sales service. As a result, only three jeeps out of the 15 are currently in use, with frequent breakdowns for lack of replacement parts. 3.15 In November 1985, DOA obtained approval from IDA to purchase an additional 200 motorcycles and 250 bicycles. Procurement was, however, abandoned because the delivery date fell after closure of the Credit. 3.16 Most of the equipment and machinery were purchased. Main items identified, but not purchased, were the radio communications network, mobile units for adaptive research, and the electronic workshop equipment for the Training Division. 3.17 Staff Performance. Staffing has been reasonably good. Recruitment of staff was the responsibility of DOA. However, creation of staff positions had to be approved by the Treasut, which imposed limits on numbers of staff to be appointed. By the end of the project, the Treasury had approved a total of 1,568 positions out of the 1,789 estimated at appraisal (87%), out of which 1,549 positions had been filled (an achievement of 99%). Details are given in Table 5. 3.18 The worst affected in terms of staff shortages were the Extension Division (KVS - 181 positions, AI - 28, AO - 5, and SMO - 11) and the Educa- tion and Training Division (Technicians - 18 positions and Support Staff - 57). The shortage of experienced technical staff for adaptive research was partially compensated by the appoirtment of 38 Research Assistants not foreseen at appraisal.  -9- 3.19 The significant increase in field activities and the decentralization of administrative and operational functions, increased the requirements of support staff. Although this was partially made up by some increase in numbers of approved positions of clerks and typists compared to appraisal estimates, che number of support staff was insufficient to cope effectively with increased adminiitrative and accounting requirements. 3.20 Training. At the commencement of the project, three Regional Train- ing Centres (RTC) were in operation. Five more RTCs have been added under the project and the existing three RTCs strengthened. The buildings at 14 District Training Centres (DTC) have been renovated and some additions made to increase intake. The School of Agriculture, Kundasale has been strengthened under the project. DOA upgraded the pre-service course for KVS to a two-year diploma and increased the intake at Agricultural Schools from the appraisal estimate of 200 to 300 a year and established (1986) two new Schools of Agriculture and six DTC from funds received through other agen- cies. 3.21 The schedu!id training required under T&V extension has been properly followed, i.e., fortnightly training of KVSs, AIs, and AOs by SMOs and research staff; pre-season training of all staff; and the Research-Extension Dialogue onze every month. Another special feature of the DOA training program at RTCs has been the provision of short-term in-service training for all categories of extension staff including SMCs. These courses have been condLcted by staff of RTC and the Regional Research Stations and covered structured subject matter courses and special problem-oriented topics iden- tified during fortnightly training sessions and monthly research-extension dialogue sessions. In addition, special short courses have been conducted for farmers, and youth and women groups. 3.22 The Training Division organized training in the production and use of audio visual material and has produced training material for extension staff in the form of leaflets, booklets, journals, and magazines. A list of these publications is given in Attachment 1. 3.23 Overall, the performance of the Training Division has been satisfac- tory. The project has raised the morale of the trainers and the quality of teaching, and the number and content of technical messages hcs improved. Details of training programs implemented are given in Table 6. 3.24 Operating Expenses. In FY 1983, the Treasury imposed restrictions on travel allowance and vehicle operating costs. Amounts allocated were one-third of the normal required for efficient implementation of the exten- sion program and although some concessions were obtained for the project, staff travelling allowances and funds for vehicle operation were not fixed according to needs but according to grades resulting in KVS receiving the least (travel funds). While the Training and Research Divisions allowed flexibility within the overall budget, the Extension Division adhered  -10-; strictly to the monthly limits. In the end, however, though there were complaints of inadequate funds, overall savings were recorded each year under this all.ocation due to inefficient planning. 3.25 Technical Assistance and Overseas Training. From the very beginning, DOA was reluctant to utilize the estimated 138 man-months of consultancy services because consultants were very expensive and some of the expertise was available within the country. Subsequently, after detailed discussion, IDA agreed to reduce the man-months to about 50 which was fully utilized. Details of man-months utilized is given in Table 7. 3.26 Under the overseas training program, problems were encountered in organizing study tours for 170 extension staff in India. After the first visit of 24 persons to India, because of difficulties in obtaining clearance from the Government of India, 146 persons have visited other countries--Indonesia (80), Bangladesh (59), Thailand (2) and Reading, UK (5). The short-term training programme was revised upward from 31 to 47 participants and 45 persons were trained. 3.27 To make use of savings arising from the Technical Assistance programme, IDA agreed to a request made by DOA for sending 17 staff (from Extension, Research, Education and Training, and Economics Divisions) for long-term training to a masters degree. About 16 staff were able to obtain Masters Degrees. Details of achievements under overseas training is given in Table 8. 3.28 Monitoring and Evaluation. The Economics and Monitoring and Evalia- tion Unit (EMEU) of the Agricultural Economics and Projects Division (AEPO) of DOA was responsible for the Benchmark Survey, project progress reports, monitoring surveys and studies on the effectiveness of T&V extension, socio-economic profile of contact farmers and follower farmers and their adoption rates, and data collection for cost of cultivation and project evaluation. 3.29 Field surveys and data analysis, particularly the Benchmark Survey, were delayed. Only 17 Economic Assistants (EA), out of 26, estimates had been recruited. Thus, KVS were used in conducting several surveys. Separate funds were not provided for field surveys, data processing, and reporting. Travel allowances were restricted. Most of the data analyses were carried out manually due to non-availability of computer facilities. In case of the Benchmark Survey, the initial sample size of 100,000 was reduced to 25,000, and 22,067 farmers were interviewed. Because of the non-availability of suitable computer facilities, analysis was carried out cn a further reduced sample of 4,904 of the questionnaires. 3.30 Despite limited staff, vehicles, equipment, operating funds, EMEU performed the assigned tasks satisfactorily and produced useful reports, particularly the Benchmark Survey and on the constraints and effectiveness  -ll- of T&V extension and its impact. A list of reports produced by EMEU is given in Table 9. IV. INSTITUTIONAL PERFORMANCE A. Project Organiza;on and Management 4.01 MADR gave full support to the project, by taking immediate action at the national level to resolve problems encountered by DOA in project implementation. The Project Coordination Committee (PCC) was established quickly, thereby advancing credit effectiveness. Despite problems of bring- ing together representatives from different ministries, PCC met nine times between January 1980 and July 1986 to discuss implementation problems. A Project Implementation Committee (PIC) established under the chairmanship of the Director of Agriculture, met as many as 28 times between January 1980 and July 1986 to resolve problems and improve project implementation. 4.02 It had been agreed at appraisal that a Special Project Unit (SPU) would be established in DOA. This unit was only established in January 1983 with a Deputy Director in-charge and responsible to the Director of Agricul- ture (DA). Till the establisiment of SPU, AEPD was made responsible to coordinate project activities. With the retirement of the Deputy Director | ' SPU in 1984, the unit was placed under AEPD. This arrangement continued till the end and did not affect project implementation and DA monitored progress regularly. 4.03 Though GOSL imposed restrictions on many areas of public ex?enditure because of budgetary constraints, judged by cuts in allocation to other ministries, DOA received favorable consideration with regard to appropria- tions in support of the project. Fiscal policies of the Governmenit also made it easier to make local procurement. Similarly, administrative procedures for study tours and training abroad were such that the training program was implemented without difficulty. 4.04 The decision of the Government to exclude animal husbandry from T&V extension was unfortunate since livestock constitutes an integral part of the farming system. Simple messages on husbandry, nutrition, and animal housing could have been handled to the advantage of farmers by an increasingly popular extension ser"ice. B. Extension 4.05 Shortage of staff at the beginning of the project restricted the full implementation of T&V extension to only four districts during the main season (Maha) of 1979/80 while the remaining districts were fully covered over a period of two years. At full development, it was expected that about 2,137 KVS would be employed to benefit about 1.6 million farm families. With only 1,859 KVSs (87%) in position, the number of farm families per KVS was higher  -12- in some areas than expected at appraisal (750 farm families per KVS). This diluted the efforr of KVSs. Similarly, the shortfall in supervisory posi- tions (AI - 28 positions, AO - .5, and SMO = 11), affected the supervision of extension work in some areas. 4.06 DOA found it 1;fficult to establish new agencies to take over programs like seed distribution, rallies and exhibitions, and fruit subsidy schemes and the extension staff had to look after these activities. The number of scheduled visits by KVS was reduced from eight to six days a fort- night despite repeated interventions from IDA supervision missions. Other management problems encountered in project implementation were inadequate mobility of staff for effective supervision and initial delays in maintenance of field records. 4.07 Some of the weaknessses observed in the implementation of extension program were: (a) excessive concentration on contact farmers in the early years of the project at the expense of other farmers; (b) only 70% awareness among contact farmers of their role; and (c) vibits by KVS not always being regular, i.e., as per schedule. With better understanding of the T&V exten- sion methodology, there has been improvement in the coverage of follower farmers during KVS visits. Better supervision over time helped in improving the regularity of visits. However, it would need more time and promotional efforts by all levels of extension staff to bring about further qualitative improvements. 4.08 Overall, the project has been able to establish the institutionql framework for an effective extension system, though not enough attention was given to horticulture, minor export crops, and coconut extension. Field visits by extension staff have been fairly regular and fortnightiy training sessions were held on scheduled dates, With guidance from IDA supervision missions, the quality of training improved sufficiently to allow better delivery of extension messages and an increased adoption rate by farmers. Participation of extension, research, and training staff in joint discussions helped in identifying and analyzing farmers' problems requiring research and training backstopping. With help from IDA supervision missions, DOA has tried with some success the grouping of farmers for the delivery of extension messages without departing from the principles of T&V extension. C. Research 4.09 The project emphasized on adaptive research on farmers' fields and strengthening eight RRCs. Adaptive research was organized on farmers' fields at 24 new ARCs established under the project, under the guidance of RRCs (five existing and three new). Except for the non-establishment of mobile units, the proposed facilities under the project were completed. 4.10 Adaptive research trials were conducted with the help of extension staff and farmers. In the initial stages the difference between applied and  -13- adaptive research was not clear to research staff but through the guidance of IDA supervision missions, a satisfactory methodology was instituted. Trials on farmers' fields were non-replicated and concerned fertilizer use, improved varieties, and cultured practices. 4.11 Research-Exte-nion Linkages. In each of the eight agroecological regions, a Regional Technical Working Group (RTWG) was etablished and met twice a year before each cropping season. RTWG meetings were chaired by the Deputy Director of the concerned RRC with the Regional Training Officer acting as Secretary. These meetings have been attended by senior agricul- tural and research staff of the region co discuss field problems, progress and impact of adaptive research, action plan for adaptive research in the next crop season, production strategy for the next season, and priority crop and extension messages. A monthly research-extension dialogue was organized by each RRC in which .ield staff of the region such as SMO, Agricultural Inbtructor, Agriculture Officer, DAEO, and research staff participated. Till the end of 1985, discussions centered around day-to-day problems encountered in the field; subsequently preparation of lesson plans for the fortnighty training sessions also have been included as part of the research-extension dialogue. 4.12 The close inte action between research and extension staff resulted in improving the quality of technical recommendations and also the training programs. Research staff have also helped as subject matter trainers at the RTCs. D. Education and Training 4.13 The RTCs were responsible to organize pre-service training of KVS, pre-season RTWG meetings, research-extensicn dialogues, and other subject matter training and special courses. Notwithstanding the problems relating to shortage of core staff (subject matter), inadequate support staff and operational funds, and turnover of staff, RTCs had put up a commendable performance. A considerable number of training material was also produced. Like the Research and Extension divisions who have performed well in their respective areas, the Education and Training Division also has contributed towards building the foundations of a good training program for extension workers and farmers. E. Consultants 4.14 At appraisal, 138 man-months of consultancies were provided. During implementation, however, rDA agreed to reduce the consultant requirement to 50 man-months. The performance of the nine consultants eventually appcinted was satisfactory. The work of the Agricultural Engineering (tools and equip- ment) consultant was rated excellent by project management. He developed simple farm tools and equipment which have become very popular with farmers. However, it was felt that the consultancy period of two monchs for extension  -14- management was too short co allow the consultant to make a more ef:ecti_e contri'bution. V. PROJECT IMPACT A. Intended Impact 5.01 As in most IDA-assisted agricultural extension and research projects, no attempt was made at appraisal to quantify the economic rate of return (ERR) due to: (a) difficulty in separating benefits attributable to exten- sion, research, and use of inputs, and (b) uncertainties regarding che timing and extent of adoption of extension recommendations by farmers. However, since che project relied primarily on the reorganization and strengthening of an existing extension system and on more intensive use of proven research results, the annual incremental costs per family (US$1.2) and per hectare (US$1.0) were very low. Hence it was estimated that the project would gener- ate an ERR of more than 50%, if at full development in 1985 (year 6), yields were 1.5% higher than they would have been in the "without project" situa- tion. This wag to have been achieved by an increase in yield of 51 kg/hectare of paddy, 9.7% kg for corn, 66 kg for sweet potato, and 7.0 kg for cowpeas. B. Observed Impact 5.02 The project's overall objective of reorganization of the extension services on the lines of T&V extension, imoroving research-extension linkages, and strengthening related training programs has been achieved. However, in view of the complexity of the extension system, qualitative improvements have come gradually. Wi h the foundation of the extension system and other complementary activities firmly in place, fu;-ther efforts have tc be nace to bring about qualitative improvements. Certain indicators of the progress lade are discussed below. 5.03 Farmers' Response. Farmers' response to the T&V extension has generally been encouraging. The usefulness of fortrightly visits has been much appreciated by contacc farmers (CF) and follower farmers (FF) who have had direct contacts with KVS. The main findings of monitoring surveys show that about 52% of CF and 28% FF have fully adopted KVS recommend2ations; 15% CF and 19% FF have partially adopted the recommendations; and 33% CF and 53,' FF have not adopted the recommendations. About 77% of CF and 55; FF have reported on the usefulness of the extension service. It was encouraging to note that about 65% of CF have discussed extension messages with FF. A summary of th, results of the last monitoring and evaluation survey (19853'86) is giver in :ab'e 10. 5.04 The use o` improved varieties remains the most adopted practice. There have been shifts from broadcasting to transpianting of rice and a wider use of herbicides, especially in the wet and dry zcnes. Details are given  -15- Table 11. There is also evidence of a trend towards increased fertilizer use and its split application as well as increased use of pesticides. 5.05 Production Impact. In the context of research and extension, maximum efforts were devoted to paddy where significant gains have been made. Other field crops and vegetables were given a lower priority. A comparison between pre-project average harvested yields (1975 to 1979/80) and those obtained during the project years (1980/81) ate given in Table 12. Yield of paddy increased about 5% per year, while average yield of other crops (cowpea, manioc, green gram, groundnut, and chillies) increased by between 2-5 percent annualLy. Yield increase in potatoes was about 0.5% per annum, that of onions nil, and for the coarse grains and sesamum it was negative. Frequent occurrence of drought in recent years also contributed to decrease in yields, particularly of coarse grains and sesamum. 5.06 Rate of Return. The appraisal report did not include a fcrmal rate of return calculation. Because of this, and as the reasons for not doing so still apply, it would be inappropriate to make this calculation now. The ava'lable production data presented above show that yield increases projected at appraisal have been met. VI. IDA PERFORMANCE A. Appraisal 6.01 The appraised project was comprehensive and put in place at the right tLime. The project provided detailed guidelines for establishing T&V exten- sion and putting training programs on a sound footing. Adequate emphasis was given to establish sound research-extension linkages through the organization of RTWCs. monthly research-extension dialogues, and the strong adaptive research program. The project also provided for a system of continuous monitoring and evaluation of project activities and assessment of their impact. The principal weaknesses in project design related to: (a) provision of technical assistance (138 man-months) without a firm commitment from COSL resulting in an ad hoc reduction of consultancies to 50 man-months during implementation; (b) inadequate operational funds for Benchmark Survey and other monitoring and evaluation activities; (c) optimistic assumptions on phasing of procurement and buildings program; and (d) the expectation that COSL would have the financial resources for the considerable investment on nanpower and infrastructure. . Supervision. n7.02 Soon after negotiations and aven before the signing of the credit agreement, IDA mounted a mission to discuss project implementation and proided assistance in the preparation of operational guidelines for exten- sim work, thereby he ping the project to make a good start. This first mss;:in was fo'lowed by 12 supervision missions. These supervision missions  -16- were very thorough, continually making suggestions for improvement in all activities and agreeing to modifications in ptoject design to suit changing conditions (technical assistance, overseas training, procurement of goods, and civil works). 6.03 While supervsi:on missions were pressing DOA to submit audit reports, the difference between normal audit reports and certified statements of expenditures (SOEs) in respect of "staff salaries and allowances" was not made clear till the end of December 1985. In the absence of certified SOEs, IDA disbursements against "staff salaries an,! allowances" were discontinued by IDA after June 1986. VII. CONCLUSIONS AND LES'ONS LEARNED Conclusions 7.01 Contrary to the decision at appraisal, the project was not able to establish an unified extension system for all crops (except tea and rubber), and animal husbandry for the whole country. With the support of GOSL, the Ministry of Rural Industries Development was successful in deciding to main- tain a separate extension system for animal husbandry. Extensio:. work on minor export crops and coconut was included in the last two years of the ptoJEct. However, the pro;ect's main objective of the establishment of an extension service for field crops based on T&V extension, establishment of an adaptive research program and research-extension linkages, and strengthen- ing-related training programs for the entire country, was achieved. Field staff have visited farmers at fairly regular intervals, fortnightly training is held fairly regularly, other training programs have been reorganized, and a mechanism to provide feedback of farmers' problems through adaptive research is in place. Research-extension linkages have been established and strengthened through RTWC meetings, monthly research-extension dialogues, and the adaptive research program. Train-ng programs were being geared to farmers' needs and research findings. All these have resulted in improving the quality of technical recommendations. 7.02 The principal shortcomings in project implementation relate to: (a) inadequacy of operational funds for efficient utilization of facilities created under the project; (b) excessive concentration by extension workers on contact farmers; and (c) the exclusion of animal husbandry from T&V ex:en- sion and late inclusion of extension support for minor export crops and coconuts. 7.03 While the six-year proiect has been able to establish the institu- cional framework for an effecrive T&V extension and the methodology for sound research-extension linkages, these achievements can only be sustained, con- solidated, and qualitative improvements brought about through a follow-up second phase project which should provide for: (a) better training of exten- sion staff especially SMOs; (b) improving the quality of technical messages;  -17- (c) improving mobility and providing operating funds tc ensure better super- vision; (d) housing for field staff; and (e) provision of facilities to develop adequate training material. Such a project would also ensure that the extension service is stabilized and the first-phase achievements are consolidated. l/ Lessons Learned 7.04 The main lessons learned were: (a) Extension support to animal husbandry si- uld not have been excluded during project implementation as i. would have helped in the exten- sion of simple messages on husbandry practices, nutrition, and animal housing to farmers; (b) Extension staff should be provided appropriate guidance on the need to contact as many farmers as possible during each visit instead of meeting only conta:t farmers; (c) The first supervision mission should help the borrower in the preparation of an action plan for detailed planning in the implemen- tation of various timebound activities like civil works, procurement : of equipment, appointment of staff. This would help in timely implementation; (d) Technical assistance needs should be assessed on a realistic basis and details such as number and disciplines of consultants and man-month requirements should be discussed at the highest level in the concerned Ministry and firm commitments obtained. This would help avoid drastic changes during implementation; (e) Adequate operational funds should be provided under Monitoring and Evaluation to carry out Benchmark Survey, monitoring studies, and special impact studies; and (f) Tha borrower should be provided detailed guidance in the early stages of the project on IDA requirements in respect of audit reports and certified statements of expenditures, and procurement procedures. 1/ With this objective in view a second phase is being implemented in all the countries of the Region, where T&V extension has been introduced, except Sri Lanka.  -18- Table 1 SRI LANKA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVh RESEARCH PROJECT Appraisal Cost Estimates and Actual Costs Appraisal Estimates Actual Costs Rs.M US$ M Rs. US$ M Buildinas 86.1 5.4 95.0 4.0 Vehicles 44.3 2.8 42.2 1.8 Equipm.ent 18.6 1.2 27.3 1.2 Technical assistance Overseas training 24.8 1.6 27.9 1.2 Salaries and allowances 65.6 4.2 77.9 3.3 Ooerating costs 34.5 2.2 17.4 0.7 Base cost 273.8 17.4 287.7 12.2 Physical contingencies 27.4 1.7 - - Price contingencies 53.2 3.3 - - Total Cost 354.4 22.4 287.7 12.2  -19- Table 2 SRI LANKA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVE RESEARCH PROJECT Project Disbursement Appraisal Estimates Actual Disbursement Total Cost IDA Share Total Cost Disbursement Rs. M US$ M Rs. M Uss M Buildings 7.0 4.4 4.0 2.49 Vehicles & equipment 5.0 4.3 3.0 2.38 Operating costs 2.2 - 0.7 - Salaries & allowances 6.3 3.4 3.3 2.00 Overseas training & technical assistance 1l) 1.7 1.2 1.09 Unallocated - 1.7 - - 22.4 15.5 12.2 7.96  -20- Table 3 SRI LANKA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVE RESEARCH PROJECT Progress of Civil Works Appraisal Estimates Revised Target Achievements ------------------ No. of Buildings -------- Extension 40 27 27 Education & training 23 14 16 Adaptive research 27 31 30 Economics, monitoring & education office - 1 1 Staff quarters 1,035 428 /a 408 /a 1,125 501 482 /a Includes 30 staff quarters purchased in Kandy (Hantana Complex).  -21- Table 4 SRI LANKA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVE RESEARCH PROJECT Procurement of Vehicles Appraisal Estimates Actuals -------------Units C&r 5 9 Jeep/van 169 115 Audio visual unit 17 1 Minibus 8 2 Motorcycle 461 410 Bicycle 1,530 1,710  -22- Table 5 SRI LANKA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVE RESEARCH PROJECT Total Project Staff Approved by Actual as Post SAR Treasury Actual % of SAR Agricultural Officers 71 66 66 93 Subject Matter Specialists 39 28 28 72 Agricultural Instructors 275 267 257 93 Krishikarma Viyaptha Seveka (KVS) 1,111 923 923 83 Research Officer 40 35 36 90 Research Assistant - 38 38 - Laboratory Assistant 30 10 10 33 Economist 7 7 7 100 Economic Assistants 26 17 17 65 Computer Programmer 1 1 - 0 Programme Assistant - 4 . - Agricultural Engineer 3 4 4 133 Farm Mechanical Inspectors 11 8 6 55 Assistant Engineer 2 2 - 0 Work Inspectors 5 5 5 100 Electronic Foreman 1 1 - 0 Roneo Operator 4 1 1 25 Artist 8 7 7 66 Cinema Operators 5 3 4 80 Photographer 7 6 3 43 Draughtsman 1 2 2 200 Accountant - 1 1 - Clerk/Typist 61 72 71 116 Driver 17 18 18 106 Labour (Stores) 4 4 - 0 Total 1,789 1,568 ,49 87  SRI LANKA AGRICtlLTURAL EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVE RESEARCHl PROJECT Summar y of Training Act ivit ies in a I In-Service Training Inst i t,ntes (up to Dec ember 1985) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Total No. U-days No. U1-days No. U-days Nu M-days No. U-days No . M-days No. M-dayt Pre -seasonial training 3.92Z 11.910 3.28Z 9,809 4.38:1 10.529 4,175 11.766 2.862 8,4J5 4,J17 IU,621 22.941 63.090 i- weekly training - - 433 433 b(1( 600 285 324 247 277 1,565 1,634 E.tension methodology 41 lot - 240 627 46 184 327 912 Research E.tensinn- t f d i F1 i 1-9 dialogue - Z88 358 564 1.615 1.941 1.732 Z.139 818 818 818 4.817 5.820 S Other trdining la 12,H54 28,549 10,663 28.453 H,12 27,824 17.5T3 36,067 R,926 22.18 10,879 23,781 16,77b 40.479 14,724 38,721 339 _39,5 239 50,374 14,045 .;3,711 16,307 35,681 98 . _ _ , _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ , , _ __ _ _ _ /a In-service training to extension staff and SUOs covering structured 5ubject matter Courses and problem oriented topics; special short courses for fdamvrs, and youth arid women groups I r .- eS  -24- Table 7 SRI LANKA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVE RESEARCH PROJECT Technical Assistance Specialization Appraisal Estimate Actuals man-months man-months Team Leader: Management 24 - Animal husbandry 18 - Coconut intercropping 18 - Goose grain 12 - Grain legume 12 - Root/tubes crops 12 - Vegetable 12 - Water Management 15 - Plant Protection 15 6 Extension Management - 2 Training - 6 Adaptive research - 2 Agronomy - 2 Farm Economics - 12 Agricultural Engineering - 12 (tools and equipment) Monitoring and evaluation - 6 138 50  -25- Table 8 SRI LANKA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVE RESEaRCH PROJECT Overseas Training No. of Person Study Tours SAR Revised Actual KVS 120 72 AI 48 68 AO 24 11 SMS 24 13 Eccnomit - 6 Sub-total 216 170 170 Short-term Training (6-month) /a Training Officer 3 14 Research Officer (Agricultural Officer) 14 14 SmS 14 10 Economist - 6 Accountant 4 1 Sub-total 31 47 45 Long-term Training (12-month) Extension - 8 Research - 3 Economic - 2 Education & Training - 3 Sub-total - 17 16 Total 247 234 231 /a Five places on Animal Husbandry at CIAT and four places for Coconut Production at IRHO were dropped.  -26- Table 9 SRI LANKA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVE RESEARCH PROJECT Monitoring and Evaluation - Reports and Studies Name of Study Period Completion Benchmark survey Maha 1979/80 Yala 1980 1984 Monitoring Survey I n.a 1981 Monitoring Survey II Maha 1981/82 1983 Monitoring Survey III Maha 1982/83 Yala 1983 1984 Monitoring Survey IV 1984 198' Monitoring Survey V Maha 1984/85 1986 Cost of cultivation Annual-starting in Maha 1978/79 (except for Yala 1980 Studies of effectiveness of extension and socio- economic profile of contact farmers - five studies n.a 1984 Ex-post evaluation Nov. - Dec. 1985 1986  -27- Table 10 Page 1 SRI LANKA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVE RESEARCH PROJECT Indicators of the Monitoring Survey on T & V Extension System (Maha 1985/86) 1. Preception of Role & Designation CFs who knew their role 76% FFs who knew their role 25% CFs who knew themselves as CFs 91% FFs who knew their FFs as FFs 76% FFs who knew their CFs as CFs 56% CF FF ____(z)