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Nicaragua - Rural Sanitation and Water Supply Projects

30 ноября 1988 г. Никарагуа Всемирный банк

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Document of The World Bank FOR OMCIAL USE ONLY ReportNo. 7527 PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT NICARAGUA RURAL SANITATION PRGJECT (LOAN 1495-NI) MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY III PROJECT (LOAN 1496-NI) MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING PROJECT (LOAN 1983-NI) NOVEMBER 30, 1988 Infrastructure and Energy Division Department II Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their offciad duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank athorizafton. Measures and Eauivalents 1 meter (m) - 3.28 feet (ft) 1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 mile (mi) 1 square meter (m2) - 10.8 square feet (sq. ft.) 1 cubic meter (m3) - 35.3 cubic feet (cu. ft.) 1 US gallon (gal) - 3.785 liters (1) 1 million US gallons per day (mgd) - 43.9 liters per second (l/sec) 1 milligram per liter - 0.058 grams per US gallon 1 million cubic meters (MCM) = 264.2 million US gallons Currency Unit - Cordoba (C$) Abbreviations and Acronyms ARM Environmental Health Agency (Area Higiene del Medio) DENACAL Water and Sewerage Company (Departamento Nacional de Acueductos y Alcantarillados) EAM Water Company of Managua (Empresa Aguadora de Managua) FIR International Reconstruction Fund (Fondo Internacional para Reconstrucci6n) IDB Inter-American Development Bank (Banco Irnteramericano de Desarollo) IAA Nicaraguan Water and Sewerage Institute (Instituto Nicaraguense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados) KOH Ministry of Health (Ministerio de Salud) PAE) Pan American Health Organization (Organizaci6n Pan Americana de Salud) PLANSAR National Plan for Basic Rural Environmental Sanitation (Plan Nacional de Saneamiento Ambiental Basico Rural) USAID United States Agency for International Development Fiscal Year January 1 - December 31 IFOR OFmFCiAL USE ONLY THE WORLDX BANK Washington. DC 20433 U.S A 06g. dE Dv.cww4.wa Oamw IvahaaSuw November 30, 1988 MEMORANDUM TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS AND THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Pass-Through Audit Report on Nicaragua Rural Sanitation Project (Loan 1495-NI); Managua Water Supply III Project (Loan 1496-NI); and Managua Water Supply Engineering Proiect (Loan 1983-NI) Attached, for information, is a copy of a report entitled Pass- Through Audit Report on Nicaragua - Rural Sanitation Project (Loan 1495-NI); Managua Water Supply III Project (Loan 1496-NI); and Managua Water Supply Engineering Project (Loan 1983-NI)" prepared by the Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office. Full evaluation of this project has not been made by the Operations Evaluation Department. Attachment Thi document hu mst aed dhisbutin and may be usd by cicnU t only in fth pefomane of theif offici dutW Its contents maty not othewist be discWwsd withnut Wor Ba nkc outhortinon FOR OMCUL USE ONLY NICARAGUA RURAL SANITATION PROJECT (Loan 1495-NI) MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY III PROJECT (Loan 1496-HI) MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING PROJECT (Loan 1983-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPCRT TABLE OF CONTENTS Paie No. Preface ...... i Basic Data Sheet ............................................ ii Highlights .................................................. x I. INTRODUCTION 1 A, The Sector ........................................ 1 3. The Borrower and the Executing Ageucies ......... .. 2 II. PROJECT PREPARATION AND APPRAISAL 3 A. Rural Sanitation Pro ject .......................... 3 B. Managua Water Supply III Project .................. 3 C. Managua Water Supply Engineering Project .......... 4 III. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 4 A. Rural Sanitation Project . .. 4 B. Managua Water Supply III Projects ................. 7 C. Managua Water Supply Engineering Project .......... 8 D. Performance of Consultants .. . 9 IV. OPERATING PERFORMANCE 10 A. Rural Sanitation Project .......................... 10 B. The Managua Water System .......................... 10 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) Page No. V FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 11 VI. INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT 12 VII. ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION 13 A. Rural Sanitation Project .......................... 13 B. Managua Water Supply III Project .................. 14 C. Managua Water Supply Engineering Project .......... 14 VIII. BANK PERFORMANCE 15 IX. LESSONS TO BE LEARNED 16 TABLES TABLE 1 Allocation of Loan Funds (Loan 1495-NI) .18 TABLE 2 Appraisal Estimate and Actual Project Cost (Loan 1495-NI) .19 TABLE 3 Allocation of Loan Funds (Loan 1495-I) .20 TABLE 4 Allocation of Loan Funds (Loan 1983-NI).. 21 TABLE 5 Appraisal Estimate and Actual Project Costs (Loan 1496-NI) ................. . 22 TABLE 6 Key Monitoring Indicators (Loan 1495-NI) .23 TABLE 7 Key Operating Indicators (Loans 1496-NI and 1983-NI)9 8 3 - N I)........... 24 TABLE 8 Provincial Division Income Statements (1983-1984) 25 TABLE 9 Unit Profit or Loss Water Produced by INAA........ 26 TABLE 10 Managua Division Income Statements .27 MaPs: 1 Rural Sanitation Project IBBRD-13083R 2 Managua Water Supply III Project IBRD-12889R 3 Managua Water Supply III Project IBRD-12890R1 4 Managua Water Supply Engineering Project IBRD 15546R - i - NICARAGUA RURAL SANITATION PROJECT (Loan 1495-NI) MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY III PROJECT (Loan 1496-NI) MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING PROJECT (Loan 1983-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT PREFACE 1. This is a project completion report for the three above projects. One was for basic sanitation in small rural communities and the other two for the water supply of the city of Managua. The implementation of these projects was interrupted and adversely affected by local political changes that took place in 1978. The government institutions were reorganized, including those of the water sector. A new institution, the Instituto Nicaraguense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (INAA), formed from the merger of the Empresa Aguadora de Managua (EAM) and the Departamento Nacional de Acueducto y Alcantarillados (DENACAL), was given the overall responsibility of all water and sewerage throughout the country. It was also assigned the water supply component of the Rural Sanitation Project. The newly created 'Area Higiene del Mediol of the Ministry of Health continued with the latrine component and overall administration of the Rural Sanitation Project. 2. The Rural Sanitation --oject, Loan 1495-NI, was approved November 29, 1977, in the amount of US$3 million. The loan was fully disbursed, and closed on December 31, 1983 one and a half years later than originally planned. 3. The Managua Water Supply III Project, Loan 1496-NI, also was also approved on November 29, 1977, in the amount of US$10.1 million. The loan was fully disbursed and closed on December 31, 1983. 4. The Managua Water Supply Engineering Project, Loan 1983-NI, was approved April 30, 1981 in the amount of US$3.7 mill%aun. Of this amount, US$2.4 million was disbursed and US$1.3 million cancelled. The loan was closed on December 31, 1984. 5. The Project Completion Report of '1988 was prepared as a desk study by the Infrastructure and Energy Division, Department II of the Latin America and the Caribbean Region (LA2IE) on the basis of documents contaiLad in regional files and information provided by various staff members involved with the projects during their execution. The last Bank mission to the country was in January 1984. - ii - NICARAGUA RURAL SANITATTON PROJECT - Loan 1495-NI PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT BASIC DATA SHEET KEY PROJ.-"T DATA Appraisal Item Estimate Actual Total Project Cost (US million) 6.8 8.8 Overrun (M) 4eU Loan Amount (US2 mliIton) 8.0 8.0 Disbursed 8.0 8.0 Concel d -- Repaid as of Dec. 81, 1987 .048 Outstanding as of Dec. 81, 1987 -- 2.54 Date Physical Components Completed 12/81/81 8/8 1/85 Proportion Completed as of above date () 19 100 Proportion of Time Overrun (M) S5 Rate of Return N/A N/A Financial Performance Satisfactory Satisfactory Institutional Performance Good Fair OTHER PROJECT DATA Original item Plan Actual First Mention In File -- 12/1/75 Government Application - 2/78 Negotiations 10/20/77 10/20/77 Board Approval 11/29/77 11/29/77 Loan Agreement Date 2/09/78 2/9/78 Effectiveness Date 2/27/78 5/9/78 Closing Date 6/80/82 12/81/8B Borrower Republic of Nicaragua Executing Agency PLANSAR IN and AII Fiscal Year of Borrower January 1-Decembr 81 Loan Data Annual Interost Charge 7.9 X on principal amount withdrawn Annual Coamitment Charge 8/4 on principal mount not withdrawn Grace Period 4 years Amortization 26 seml-annual payments Follow-up Pro,Ject Naom N/A - iII - Cumulstiv. Estimetad end Actual Disbursements (continued) (UStmiliIon) FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84 Estiated 0.065 1.01 1.68 2.66 8.00 - - Actual - o.a8 0.67 0.70 1.81 1.68 8.00 &. t./Est. (x) 0 88 8S 27 44 - - MISSION DATA No.of No. of No. of Date of TYpe of Mission Month/Yr Weeks Persons Staff Wks. Report Identification 1/76 1.5 2 8.0 2/28/75 Proparation 11/75 1.0 2 2.0 12/01/76 Appraisal 8/77 2.0 2 4.0 Mar./Apr. 1977 Supervision 2/78 1.0 2 2.0 2/09/78 Supervision 4/78 1.0 1 2.0 6/07/78 Supervision 9/78 1 2 2.0 10/02/79 Supervision 4/80 1.1 2 2.2 5/02/80 Supervision 11/81 2.0 2 4.0 1/27/81 Supervision 8/82 1.5 2 8.0 9/28/82 Supervision 8/8a 2.0 2 2.0 5/16/80 Supervision 2384 1.0 2 1.0 8/09/84 - iv - NICARAGUA MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY III (Loan 1496-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT KEY PROJECT DATA Appraisal Items Estimate Actual Total Project Cost (US$ million) 13.8 12.56 Overrun (Z) ---- -9.0 Loan Amount (US$ million) 10.1 10.1 Disbursed 10.1 10.1 Cancelled ---- ---- Repaid as of Dec. 31, 1987 ---- 1.56 Outstanding as of Dec. 31, 1987 ---- 8.54 Date Physical Components Completed 12/3111980 12/3111983 Proportion Completed as of above Date (1) 100 99.8 Proportion of Time Overrun (Z) ---- 66.0 Internal Rate of Returm (Z) 16 12 Financial Performance satisfactory satisfactory Institutional Performance good good - v - NICARAGUA MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY III PROJECT (Loan 1496-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT OTHER PROJECT DATA Item OriRinal Plan Actual First Mention in Files ------------------- 4105/1975 Govt. Application ------------------- 2/1976 Negotiations 10/13/1977 10/19/1977 Board Approval 10/29/1977 11129/1977 Loan Agreement Date 1/30/1978 1/30/1978 Effectiveness Date 2/27/1978 5/26/1978 Closing Date 6130/1981 12/31/1983 Borrower Empresa Aguadora Instituto Nicaraguense de Msnagua de Acueductos y Alcant. (INAA) 1/ Executing Agency Empresa Aguadora Instituto Nicaraguense de Managua de Acueductos y Alcant. Fiscal Year of Borrower Jan 1 - Dec. 31 Loan Data Annual Interest Charge 7.9Z Annual Commitment Charge 314Z on loan not withdrawn Grace Period 4 years Amortization 26 semi-annual payments Follow-up Project Managua Water Supply Project IV FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84 Estimated 0.2 4.4 9.3 10.1 - - Actual - 1.0 4.6 7.9 8.6 9.2 Act./Est. (Z) - 23 49 78 - - 1/ Decree No. 20 July 25, 1979 Government created INAA as successor to the Departamento Nacional de Agua y Alcantarillado and Empresa Aguadora de Managua. Agreement made November 2, 1979 for INAA to assume all obligations. -vi- NICARAGUA MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING PROJECT (Loan 1983-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT KEY PROJECT DATA Appraisal Item Estimate Actual Total Project Cost (US$ million) 5.1 5.54 It Overrun (2) 8.6 Loan Amount (US$ million) 3.7 2.34 2/ Disbursed 3.7 2A34 Cancelled - 1.362G Repaid as of Dec. 31, 1987 0 Outstanding as of Dec. 31, 1987 2.34 Date Completed 6a301c984 8 si84 Proportion Completed as of above date (.) - 8SZ Proportion of Time Overrun (Z) - 110 31 Rate of Return N/A NIA Financ ial Performance N /A N /A Institutional Performance Good Good 1/ Includes IDB grant of US$90,000 for tariff studies and technical assistance. 2/Disbursemeats were suspended in September 1984 because of delays in payment of debt service obligations. US81.36 million of loan funds were cancelled on April 14, 1987. 3/ Studies are expected to be completed by July 1988 usinag budgeted government funds. - vii - NICARAGUA tIANAGUA WAUER SUPPLY ENGINEERING PROJECT (Loan 1983-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT OTHER PROJECT DATA Item Original Plan Actual First Mention in Files 4/5/1977 during Appraisal 1496-NI Gov't Application 7/80 Negotiations 2/23-27/1981 3/20/1981 Board Approval 4/14/81 4/30/81 Loan Agreement Date 6/3/81 Effectiveness Date 9/1/81 9/2/81 Closing Date 12/31/84 6/30/85 Borrower INAA Executing Agency INAA INAA Fiscal Year of Borrower January 1 - December 31 Loan Data Annual Interest Charge 9.62 9.6? Annual Commitment Charge 3.4Z 3/42 on principal of Loan not withdrawn Grace Period 5 years 3 years Amortization 30 semi-annual 30 semi-annual payments payments Follow-up Project Name Managua Water Supply Project IV - viii - NICARAGUA MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING PROJECT (Loan 1983-NI) OTHER PROJECT DATA (continued) Cumulative Estimated and Actual Disbursements (US$ million) FY82 FY83 FY84 FY85 Estimated 1.0 2.4 3.4 3.7 Actual - - 0.13 0.60 2.301/ Act./Est. (Z) 0 5 18 62 1/ US$1.4 million of loan funds were cancelled - ix - MICARAGUA M&I'.GUA WATER SUPPLY PROJECT III, (Loan 1496-NI) MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING PROJECT (Loan 1983-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT MISSION DATA No. of Date Month/ No. of No. of Staff of Type of Mission Year Weeks Persons Weeks Report Ln. 1496-NI Identification 11/75 1.0 2 2.0 12/1/75 Ln. 1496-NI Preparation 10/76 1.0 3 3.0 11/76 Ln. 1496-NI Appraisal 3/77 2.0 2 4.0 11/09/79 Ln. 1983-NI Identification 4/77 2.0 2 4.0 5/77 Ln. 1496-NI Supervision 2/78 1.0 2 2.0 2/21/78 Ln. 1496-NI/ Limited Ln. 1495-NI Supervision 6/78 0.8 1 0.8 7/05/78 Ln. 1496-NI Special Supervision 9/79 1.0 2 2.0 10/10179 Ln. 1496-NI Supervision 5/80 1.0 2 2.0 6/11/80 Ln. 1496-NI Limited Supervision 7/80 0.5 1 0.5 8/06/80 Ln. 1983-NI Preparation 10/80 3.0 1 3.0 n.a Ln. 1496-NI Supervision 11/80 2.0 2 2.0 1/24/81 Ln. 1983-NI Appraisal 11/80 2.4 2 4.8 2/4/81 Ln. 1496-NI/ Ln. 1983-NI Supervision 7/81 1.5 2 1.5 8/21/81 Ln. 1496-NI SupQrvision 7/82 1.0 2 1.0 8/16/82 Ln. 1983-NI/ Ln. 1496-NI Supervision 3/83 2.0 2 2.0 4/15/83 Ln. 1983-NI Supervision 2/84 0.2 2 0.4 3/20/84 NICARAGUA RURAL SANITATION PROJECT (Loan 1495-NI) MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY III PROJECT ('?oan 1496-NI) MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING PROJECT (Loan 1983-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT HIGHLIGHTS 1. All three projects were adversely affected by the change in government and the reorganization of eector responsibilities that took place in 1980. Modifications and restructuring of the projects was done to adjust to the changing circumstances that resulted. The major objectives of all the projects, however, were maintained and local funds provided to complete the facilities and engineering studies. Rural Sanitation Proiect 2. This project sought to improve rural sanitation services in three regions of Nicaragua. through an integrated program of water, sanitation, health education, house improvement and child immunization. The project was the first Bank operation of its kind in Nicaragua and the capacity of the Borrower to implement the Rural Sanitation Project was overestimated. The project was amended, restructured and reduced in scope. After the restructuring, project execution improved considerably and coordination among institutions was strong. At the time the Bank stopped disbursement, on country grounds, the project was being executed in a satisfactory manner. The number of villages attended to was 170 instead of the about 550 envisioned at appraisal, with a corresponding reduction in the number of people benefitted (85Z). The project reached the poorer smaller villages with an average population of about 124 inhabitants aLd provided an integrated aanitation and related health services program. On the other hand, the latrine program exceeded by 84Z the appraisal target but no latrines were rehabilitated. The communities were organized and trained to be responsible for their contribution to the project and the operation and maintenance of the facilities. 3. Village participation and contribution was good, reaching an estimated 20Z, of the total cost, exceeding the minimum 15Z in the appraisal report. Unit costs were higher than estimated at appraisal because of higher than expected inflation rates, project delays, increased costs for health education, and the expanded project area, however, the average per capita cost of the water services was US$55 which is relatively low for Latin American standards. This project also showed how to provide services to low-income population in an effective and efficient way. 4. More time should have been spent on project preparation, preappraisal and restructuring to design a project iore adjusted to the capacity of the implementing agency. Bank supervision should have been - xi - more frequent than once per year to allow additional time to review progress in the field as well as at the central office. This would have enabled the Bank to help resolve problems at an early stage and provide guidance to the Borrower. Managua Water SUPPly III Proiect 5. In the preparation and appraisal of the Project, the Bank benefitted from dealing with a well-developed and experienced institution, the Empresa Aguadoza de Managua (EAM), that was accustomed to preparing projects in a thorough fashion. The EAM was familiar with Bank requirements, and lad received three loans from the Bank beginning in 1962. The loans were for the improv3ment and expansion of the Managua water system, and all were successfully completed. 6. The overall objectives of the Managua Water Supply III Project, which was to provide an adequate safe water supply and improve the operation of the system, were not changed after the civil war, some minor components wore deleted, and the Bank agreed to use the savings to finance more local expenditures and interest during construction. There were some delays in management and tariff studies, and esrablishing charges for private wells. With these exceptions, compliance with loan conditions was complete. In 1979, however, because of the unsettled conditions and the weakened financial situation of KAM, the financial covenants were not met and, with the agre,"ment of the Bank, rate of return targets for 1980-83 were lowered. 7. The project had a positive impact on the delivery of water to a large number of urban poor and the improvement of service to the users in general. The financial assistance program for house connections facilitated the process for the urban poor. About 215,000 people (the majority of which were urban poor) were connected to the water system. 8. The project helped make the sector reorganization a success. It provided technical assistance and helped with the merger of EAM and DENACAL to form the National Institute of Water and Sewerage (INAA). As a result, sector efficiency was improved, and better administrative, financial, and commercial practices for the sector were extended throughout the country. Managua Water Supply Engineering Project 9. The Managua Water Supply Engineering Project was identified during the appraisal of Water Supply III in 1977, and included a feasibility study to select the next project to meet Managua water supply requirements to the year 2000. It provided for institutional improvements, a distribution master plan and improved metering. The distribution master plan as conceived is likely to require substantial revisions because of the changes in population movements and densities occurring since its preparation. The bidding documents and specifications that were prepared, for the most part will require only adjustments with respect to the quantities of materials and equipment, and the sizes of equipment. 10. The completion of the Managua III project demonstrates that when an institution is strong, enjoys autonomy and has a motivated experienced staff, a project can be successful in spite of great political changes that may occur in the country. - xii - 11. Because of 4afaults on repayments, disbursements were suspended on September 28, 1984. Oi this loan, US$2.4 million was disbursed and US$1.3 cancelled. 12. The Borrower considered that the engineering studies were essential aud a prerequisite for the construction of the needed facilities to provide additional water for Managua. Hence, it continued the studies with its own resources and utilizing a local engineering rirm. INAA informed the Bank that the studies were expected to be completed by July 1988. 1 The project also continued the program to make the operation of the Managua water system more efficient and to improve the overall management, administration, and financial condition of INAA. It has had a positive impact. 13. The tariff study for INAA was completed February 1984. It is comprehensive, but does not provide specific tariffs to be applied to every region. INAA accepted the recommendations and began partially to apply them. 14. At the close of the project, unaccounted-for water was still high. This, in spite of the efforts to reduce it. INAA planned to continue its efforts, and attributed part of the problems to undetected damages from the earthquake to pipelines and house connections, clandestine connections, and inaccurate metering. 1/ Communication from INAA, December 7, 1987. PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT NICARAGUA RURAL SANITATION PROJECT (Loan 1495-NI) MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY III PROJECT (Loan 1496-NI) MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING PROJECT (Loan 1983-NI) I. INTRODUCTION A. The Sector 1.01 The population of Nicaragua in 1979 was estimated at 2.6 million, about equally divided between urban and rural areas. By 1986, the population had grown to an estimated 3.3 million, with the urban population reaching nearly 1.96 million and the rural population almost 1.34 million. 1.02 Health statistics in Nicaragua are incomplete, and underreporting of mortality and morbidity prevalent. Notwithstanding this limitation, available figures give an indication of the prevailing situation in the sector. In 1984, infant mortality was reported as 71.5 per thousand live births and the general mortality rate was 9.7 per 100,000 live births.1 Intestinal infectious diseases were the third leading cause of death (10.32 of the deaths) aggravated by the unsafe water and poor sanitation. 1.03 By the end of 1986, 772 of the urban population of Nicaragua had house connections or easy access to public standpipes for water supply, and 342 had sewer connections. Of the rural population, 132 had access to potable water and 162 were served by latrines (PAHO).2 1.04 Although the availability of water and sewerage services in the urban areas in 1986 was not too far below the averages for Latin America (832 for water supply, 402 for sewerage), the services in the rural areas are among the lowest, with only two countries having inferior service levels for water supply (Paraguay and Cuba) and six countries, for excreta disposal (Bolivia, Chile, Haiti, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela). 1.05 INM is responsible for all urban and rural water systems in Nicaragua, INAA is also responsible for the urban sewer systems. The Ministry of Health is responsible for rural sanitation systems throughout the country. Up until project completion the operation and management of the Managua Water and Sewer system was very good (para. 1.07) but no reliable data on its evolution since 1984 is available, much still needs to be done to upgrade the systems in the other cities. 1/ "Health Conditions in the Americas 1981-84", PAHO Scientific Publication 500, Vol. II, 1986. 2/ "Population Served with Water Supply or Excreta Disposal in 27 Countries in the Americas in 19861, Data Reported 1987. B. The Borrower and the Executing Agencies 1.06 Rural Sanitation Project. The Borrower for the Rural Sanitatior. Project was the Republic of Nicaragua and the implementing agency for the project was the Plan Nacional de Saneamiento Rural (PLANSAR) an agency of the Ministry of Health created in 1976. In 1977, PLANSAR with USAID financing was carrying out a rural water supply ani sanitation project in 60 villages. PLANSAR had planning and executing branches and through its Regional Units selected villages where sub-projects were to be carried out. Each village would establish a local Health Committee, cooperative or other community organization to be responsible for its participation, and subsequent operation and maintenance of the facilities. Only after the village had demonstrated its willingness to participate, was a formal agreement made and the studies and works undertaken. The Rural Sanitation Project was delayed by the revolution in 1979 and came to a halt in 1980. The new government changed personnel and abolished PLANSAR, and transferred the responsibility for rural water supply to the National Institute of Water and Sewerage (INAA) and all other rural sanitation activities to the Environmental Agency (.4HM). The project was restructured to take into account these new institutional arrangements. AHM concentrated on the latrine program and INAA on the drilled wells and water systems. 1.07 Managua Water Supply III Project. The Borrower for the Managua Water Supply III Project was the Empresa Aguadora de Managua (EAM) created in 1932 under the Ministry of Public Works. It had an experienced and well-trained staff with a successful record in carrying out Bank-financed projects. 1.08 Its accounting, billing and collecting, in general was satisfactory. Some government accounts, however, were overdue and measures were to be taken under the project to resolve this. The personnel situation was good with some specialized training needed for operating personnel. The ratio of the number of employees to water connections in 1976 was 10 employees per thousand water connections, a little high for Latin America, and efforts were made under the project to control this and bring it down to about eight. 1.09 In 1979, EAM transferred its assets to INAA. EAM's organization and staff were not materially changed. The former Departamento Nacional de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (DENACAL) responsible for the sector outside of Managua, was also incorporated into INAM. 1.10 Managua Water Supply Engineering Project. INAA was the Borrower for the Managua Water Supply Engineering Project. In 1980, it had a combined staff of 1,883, or 14 employees per 1000 water connections. At the time of the INAA integration the two previous agencies EAM and DENACAL had 8.5 employees per 1000 water connections and 22 per 1000, respectively. EAM and DENACAL had different accounting and budgeting systems. Both had problems with billing and collection, particularly with private accounts. In 1984, 75Z of the delinquent costumers had made partial or full payment to INAA. INAA was taking measures to overcome these problems and the project provided technical assistance to help solve them. -3 12. PROJECT PREPARATION AND APPRAISAL A. Rural Sanitation Project 2.01 Preappraisal - Appraisal. The Rural Sanitation Project was the first such Bank operation in Nicaragua. It was prepared over a period of two years, 1975-77, by the Ministry of Health with the assistance of the Pan American Health Organization (PANG). Also, during Bank supervision missions of the preceding loans for the Managua Water Supply and the Earthquake Reconstruction Projects, discussions were held with the authorities on the project. This project was appraised jointly with the Managua Water Supply III Project. 2.02 Negotiations. These took place in October 1977. It was considered that although PLANSAR was making good progress on rural sanitation projects, its experience was limited and could be a source of delay. Accordingly, provision was made for technical assistance to help in project execution. 2.03 Proiect Obiectives and Description. The project sought to improve rural sanitation services in three regions through at integrated program of water and executed disposal, sanitary house improvements, and child immunization. About 172,000 people in about 550 villages with a median population of 75 would be benefitted. The Bank supported the project and aimed to strengthen the institutional capacity of the implementing agency. The project consisted oft a) the construction of wells, improvement of existing wells, and mini-aqueducts; b) the construction of communal laundry and shower facilities; c) the building, improvement and rehabilitation of latrines; d) the improvement of housing conditions; e) immunization of children; f) acquisition of equipment, tools and vehicles for use in the project; g) consultant services; and h) partial payment of salaries for health educators. B. Managua Water Supply III Project 2.04 Preappraisal and Appraisal. The feasibility study for the Managua Water Supply III Project, was prepared in 1976 by consultants. The project was appraised in March 1977. It included a study of future additional sources and the preparation of a least cost development program to provide water to Managua. 2.05 Negotiations. Negotiations were carried out in October 1977. The proceedings were facilitated, since the Borrower, EAM, had previous experience in Bank projects and had substantially agreed to the loan conditions during project preparation and appraisal. 2.0O Project Obiectives and Description. The Managua Water Supply III Project sought principally to provide an adequate safe water supply and prevent future deficits. It provided the necessary equipment and technical assistance to make the operation more efficient; and helped reorganize the water sector and improve the management and financial performance of INAA. The project consisted of the construction and equipping of 6 deep wells; - 4 - construction of water tanks; acquisition of pumping equipment; construction of three pumping stations; installation of about 100 km of 4" - 24" distribution and transmission mains; installation of 20,000 hous, connections; study of new water sources; the installation of valves and hydrants; acquisition of a compuiter; and consulting services. The feasibility study under this Project recommended as the least-cost solution the development of a groundwater source 25 kms east of Managua, near Tisma, which could meet the city's needs until the year 2000. C. Managua Water Supply Engineering Project 2.07 Preappraisal - Appraisal. The engineering project was prepared by INAA with the help of local and international consultants over a period of about 25 months. The project provided for the development of groundwater sources about 26 kms from Managua (the Tisma scheme) in a first phase, and the development of a treated surface water supply from Lake Nicaragua in a second phase. These supplies would be brought to Managua through a single transmission main. 2.08 Negotiations. Negotiations were held in Washington on March 18-20, 1981. It was foreseen that the demand forecasts to be used for the final design might differ from those in the feasibility studies because of the unsettled conuitions and changes in population, and funds were provided for revising these demand studies. 2.09 Proiect Oblectives and Description. The primary objective of this project was to help INAA prevent future deficits in the Managua water supply. The secondary objectives were to improve the management of the Managua water and sewer systems and the financial performance of INAA; and to increase the efficiency of operating the Managua systems by providing spare parts and technical assistance for repairs and maintenance. 2.10 The project consisted of: (a) the preparation of a water demand study for Managua; (b) the final design for the Tisma water supply scheme including technical specifications and contract documents; (c) a water distribution system master plan for Managua and the final design for the first stage distribution improvements; (d) a repair program for production meters; (e) pumping station instrumentation and reservoir control valves; (f) technical assistance to improve organization and management; and (g) the preparation of a tariff study to build up a cross-subsidy in the tariff structure. III. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION A. Rural Sanitation Project 3.01 Project History and Implementation. The Rural Sanitation Project became effective on May 9, 1978, one month after signing, and came to a halt in 1980 due to sector reorganization. The new government requested the Bank to continue the project and the amending agreement was signed April 2, 1981, with a new Closing Date of December 31, 1983. - 5 - 3.02 Project implementation was in two phases. Phase I was the work accomplished by PLANSAR before the changes in government and institutions and by AHM before June 30, 1980. Phase II was that done by AHM and INAA under the project as amended. PLANSAR, AHM, and INAA in varying degrees suffered from limited experience in carrying out projects in rural areas. However, with a gradual buildup of staff and the assistance of consultants in management and administration, project implementationi improved dramatically and by the end of 1983 all funds were committed. The initial delays caused by the passing of the water supply component functions from AHM to INAA, was overcome through better inter-agency cooperation and planning. Also, the standardization of designs and recommendation of the consultants speeded up implementation. The signing of contracts with the villages was delayed, but action was taken in 1983 and all contracts were signed by the end of the year. 3.03 The project was completed more than four years late. It reached 170 villages, exceeding the 1988 target of 150 villages. The latrine program surpassed the target by about 1,500 units, and the number of wells is also higher than the target number. The housing improvement component was deleted, and the child immunization was done under a large national program. Delays in project execution and changes in its scope, required amendments and reallocations of loan funds, which are recorded in Table 1. 3.04 Compliance with the Loan covenants was good, but there were delays in the submission of audit reports and the hiring of PAHO consultants for technical assistance. The project's main objectives for providing water supply and sanitary excreta disposal were met with respect to the amended program, community participation was achieved, and the institutions were strengthened and improved. 3.05 Procurement. AHM initially had difficultiea in following Bank procurement procedures. But, even when it had mastered the procedures, it had difficulty in making the system work as it failed to receive bids due to the lack of trust from the suppliers to the new government. It was agreed to continue to use ICB for pipe, sheet metal, and handpumps, and to use local procedures for all other items, If no response was received for bids for the pipe, sheet metal and hand pumps then the Bank agreed that these items could be procured by local procedures in the original bid quantities. Finally, the vehicles were the only items purchased through ICB. 3.06 The construction of the latrines was done by the householders with the guidance of the field personnel of PLANSAR and AHM. The villages also furnished local materials such as brick, wood, sand and gravel. AHM manufactured and supplied the concrete slabs and risers. The Sanitary Units and Mini-aqueducts were built initially by AHM and later by INAA with their staff and some local contractors. Drilled wells were also built with the assistance of contractors. The Sanitary Units consist of a well with handpump, shower and washbasins. The shallow dug wells were built by the villagers. The immunization program and the malaria and insect control programs were done by the Ministry of Public Health. 3.07 Cost. The project costs were adversely affected by unanticipated high local inflation rates and project delays. The overall increase was - 6 - 39Z (Table 2). Much of the PLANSAR equipment, vehicles and materials were destroyed, damaged, and stolen during the political upheaval and had to be replaced. The increased time to carry out the project and the increased project area required greater expenditures for health educatIon and promotion. Efforts to control costs by standardizing designs, using staff more efficiently, and better planning were effective. A summary of project costs as estimated at appraisal and the final costs as estimated by the Bank mission which visited Nicaragua in January 1984 is shown below: Su_ary of Comparative Projoct Costs (USS ml II lon! Estimated Appraial Est_mate Final Project Cost 1/ Wells and Aqueducts 1.4 1.9 Latrines .7 8.4 House Improvements. .S -- Immunizations --1 -- Equipment ., .4 Technical Assitatnce .2 -- Haalth Education .8 .9 Engineering and Ademinstration .9 1.7 Laboratory Equipment .2 Malaria Control and Insect .8 Sub-total 4.8 Contingencies Physical . -- Price 1.6 -- Toteal 6.8 8. 1/ Includes contingeneies / Funds were provided from the government. 3.08 Based on the projected costs to complete the project, the financing was as follows: ------Appraisal ------ ---------Actual---------- Equivalent Equivalent Source US$ million Z US$ Hillion Z Government (contribution) 1.9 30 4.0 46 Community (cash, labor, materials) 1.4 22 1.8 20 Bank 3.0 48 3.0 34 Total 6.3 100 8.8 100 -7- B. Managua Water Supply III Proiect 3.09 Proiect History and 1a lementation. The Bank participation in urban water supply projects began in September 7, 1962 with Credit 26-NI (US$3 million), the First Managua Water Supply Project. This was followed on March 17, 1972 by Loan 808-NI (US$6.9 million), the Managua Water Supply II Project. Later, to repair earthquake damage, a US$2.5 million Water Supply Component was provided in the US$10 million Earthquake Reconstruction Project signed on June 6, 1973. All these projects were successfully completed, and their objectives met in spite of the difficulties occasioned by the earthquake. The executing agency was EAM, an autonomous and well-managed organization. 3.10 To continue the needed expansion of the Managua Water system because of the growth of the city, the Water Supply III Project loan was made. Loan 1496-NI for US$10.1 million, was approved on November 29, 1977 and signed on February 9, 1978. It became effective on May 6, 1978. The original borrower was EAM, but in 1979 it was merged with DENACAL to form INAM. The political upheaval delayed and adversely affected project implementation. 3.11 The project was amended to meet the changes brought about by the political upheaval. Some minor components were deleted, the covenanted rates of return were lowered, and the savings used to finance an increased proportion of local costs and interest during construction (Table 3). The overall project objectives were maintained and the project was successfully completed. This was due in great measure to the careful way the merger was carried out, the maintenance of EAM staff and structure, and efforts to improve the financial situation of INAA and its dependencies. The project was completed in December 31, 1983, two years later than originally envisaged. Final allocation of loan funds are presented in Table 3. 3.12 There were delays in carrying out the tariff studies, and these were continued under the Water Supply Engineering Project, Loan 1983-NI, with the assistance of PAHO. But at the close of the project in December, 1983, INAA's performance was satisfactory with a 4Z rate of return on fixed assets; with the Managua Division (ex-Aguadora) showing a rate of return of 16Z. DENACAL, however, only achieved a 0.4Z rate of return on fixed assets. 3.13 Unaccounted-for water, in spite of efforts, remained a problem in Managua. Appropriate tariff action i. the Provincial and Rural Divisions was recommended in the studies, and efforts were started to implement them. 3.14 Procurement. Due to its pre-ious experience with Bank projects EAM had no difficulties with procurement and complied with the covenanted procedures. This continued throughout the project when EAM was integrated into INAA. 3.15 Costs. The amended project provided for emergency rehabilitation work on the distribution system, relocation of one of the wells and a storage tank, changes from improved design, and the purchase of vehicles, leak control and replacement of damaged meters and valves. The total project cost was 9Z below the appraisal estimate (Table 5). In view of the circumstances this was an excellent performance. A summary comparison of the cost at appraisal and at completion is as follows: Summary of Comparative Project Costs US$ (million) Appraisal Description Estimate Actual Wells 1.03 0.81 Distribution System and Pumping Stations 5.90 6.34 House Connection Financing - 0.60 Computer 0.36 - Vehicles and Radio - 0.10 Emergency Program - 1.70 Studies and Technical Assistance 0.50 1.04 Engineering and Administration 0.60 0.80 Contingencies (Physical and Price) 3.97 _ Total Project Cost 13.80 12.56 C. Managua Water Supply Engineering Project 3.16 Project History and Implementation. The Managua Water Supply Engineering P!oject, Loan 1983-NI. was identified under previous projects, and the study to select the first least cost stage prepared under Loan 1496-NI. The loan of US$3.7 million was approved on April 30, 1981 and s)gned on June 3, 1981. It became effective on September 2, 1981 and was closed on June 30, 1985. The amount of US$1.4 million was cancelled. The borrower, INAA, however, continued to finance completion of the detailed engineering studies and expected to complete them by July 31, 1988, three and a half years behind schedule. 3.17 Project implementation was slow at first but toward the middle of 1983 it accelerated and good progress was made. An initial delay was due to the late submission of the completed feasibility studies of the consultants under Loan 1496-NI. There were additional delays in defining the terms of reference, the selection of consultants, and the implementation of the studies themselves. During the preliminary work on the Tisma scheme, it was found necessary to relocate the proposed well fields. The government was using groundwater from the Tisma area for irrigation which would affect the desirel yield in the original proposed wellfield; but by relocating the well field proposed for Managua this problem was solved. The longest delays were in the tariff studies and technical assistance for accounting, billing, and related data processing activities. These were due in part to the process of converting INAA's financial systems to a new computer. Although INAA was able to effect tariff increases in 1981, its operations were still adversely affected by - 9 - the new high tariffs for electricity which greatly increased the operating cost of the company. This required further water tariff increases which were obtained in the following year. 3.18 Unaccounted-for water was still a problem as of the last supervision report. IMAA proposed to make an inventory of connections, re- institute its leak detection and repair prograi., and continue its improved metering program. 3.19 Costs. This project showed an overall cost increase of about 9Z but the prime element, the final designs and studies for the next stage of the Managua water supply, the Tisma scheme showed a 762 increase. The table below shows a summary of these costs. Summary Comparative Project Costs (US$ million) Appraisal Estimated 1/ Description Estimate Final Cost Final Designs 1.80 3.18 2/ Demand Forecast and Dist. Studies 0.30 0.10 Repairs and Rehabilitation 0.86 1.49 Project Management 0.07 0.09 Organization and Tech. Assistance 0.50 0.68 Base Cost 3.53 0.00 Contingencies (Physical and Price) 0.52 0.00 Total Project Cost 5.06 5.54 1/ Based on final supervision report and information from Managua in 1987. 2/ In March 15, 1983 TNAA had negotiated a contract with consultants for US$3.Z million. INAA continued studies with own funds after Bank suspended disbursements and closed the loan account on 12/31/84. D. Performance of Consultants 3.20 The performance of the consultants in the Rural Sanitation Project was satisfactory. During Phase I, until July 1978, a PAHO engineer advised PLANSAR on design and reviewed procurement and disbursement requests. During negotiations on the restructured project AHM did not feel the need for having consultants, but shortly thereafter, agreed to having short-term consultants. 3.21 The performance of the consulting firms on the Managua Water Supply III and the Managua Water Supply Engineering Projects was very good. The hydrogeological studies were carefully carried out and were important for setting needed limits on groundwater abstraction. The consultants on the design of the mains and production facilities did a thorough and - 10 - competent Job. The management consultants made good recommendations and their overall performance was satisfactory. The local consultants continued on the final designs for the Tisma scheme, and INAA reported that they have completed the work 3atisfactorily. 3.22 Disbursements. Disbursements on all three projects lagged behind the appraisal estimates. The final disbursements on the Rural Sanitation Project and the Managua Water Supply III Project were in 1984, two years beyond the closing date. Both loans were fully disbursed. The last disbursement on the Managua Water Supply Engineering Project was in 1985. A total of US$2.3 million was disbursed (772 of the loan) and US$1.4 million cancelled. IV. OPERATING PERFORMANCE A. Rural Sanitation Project 4.01 Indicators for performance under thi- -roject are shown in Table 6. Most of the work in t.e Rural Sanitation iroject was accomplished in Phase II. The changes made ir. the project were beneficial, employed to advantage 'he capabilities of the participating agencies and the communities, and provided facilities suited to their needs. 4.02 The basis for the project were the health educators/promoters and the communities themselves. The health educators were successful in organizing the communities and directing their efforts. They gave lectures on health and sanitation, important for the understanding and proper use and maintenance of the facilities provided by the community and the individual families. 4.03 Information has not been provided about the operation and maintenance of the facilities built under the projects. Agreements were signed under which the responsibilities of the local organizations and villagers for participation and subsequent operation and maintenance of the facilities were defined. B. The Managua Water Supply III Project and Managua Water Supply Engineering Project 4.04 The Managua Water System. The operating performance of the Managua Water Supply Division was outstanding, except for the lack of success in reducing unaccounted-for water (Table 7). Strong effortF were made to reduce the unaccounted-for water through a rehabilitation program for the distribution network, a meter replacement and repair program, and a public relations program which did bring down the unaccounted-for water from 402 in 1980 to about 30? in 1982. Despite these, it rose again to 422 in 1985 (information from INAA). This situation is attributed to deficiencies in metering and lack of spare parts, undetected damages in the distribution network and house connections, and clandestine connections. The number of employees was controlled and a ratio of about 8 employees to 1000 water connections achieved. INAA is aware of the importance of bringing the unaccounted-for water and controllirg deficiencies in the system and we understand that it has been continuing its efforts to improve the situation with limited resources. - 11 - 4.05 By 1985, the Managua system was producing 62.5 million cubic meters, the limit of the available sources. Of this, 36.2 million cubic meters was accounted for and serving 87,803 urban connections and 581 public standpipes. The Managua Division was also responsible for the sewer system, which in 1985 had 67,829 connections. The city of Managua represented the largest operation in the water and sewer sector in the country - being responsible for 44.5Z of the water consumed and 72.6Z of the sewer connections. 4.06 The Provincial Division water systems lagged behind Managua in performance. Some training of personnel was done by INAA but on a modest scale. Tariffs in several of the regions and special zones did not cover the overall cost of production (see Table 9) in 1985. A study to improve the tariffs and establish a sound base for financial planning was prepared by consultants and completed in February 1984. In the short run the study recommended general tariff increases, with the same general structure. In the long term it recommended a restructuring of the tariff based on economic, social, and financial considerations. It would appear, based on the 1985 information, that the application of a new tariff structure had not yet taken place. 4.07 The development of INAA and its performance under the circumstances has been outstanding. It carried out the institutional improvements needed to make the merger of EAM and DENACAL a smoothly operating entity and it unified the administration, accounting, commercial and the tariff policies. It was serving 1.3 million people with water supply and had billings of C$ 044 million. 4.08 INAM management realizes that it needs to continue its leak control and conservation program, control operating costs, improve its collection of receivables, and improve its tariffs and financial condition. It has made efforts to improve staff efficiency through training, decentralization, and the improvement of administrative practices. It has followed the recommendations of consultants with good results. V. FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 5.01 The financial performance of AHM gradually improved, after overcoming the problems caused by the sector reorganization and the division of institutional responsibilities with INAA. During 1980 the government experienced a severe financial crisis and was only able to pay salaries and provide limited counterpart funds. During the unsettled period project records had been lost and destroyed and the accounts had to be reconstructed. This contributed to delays in the audit reports. The modified project with a new schedule for execution by AHM helped ease the required flow of counterpart funds, and the situation began improving thereafter. 6%602 INAA's consolidated financial performance for 1983 was satisfactory (Table 8) (rate of return of 42) but was expected to deteriorate in 1984 (rate of return of 1Z) with tariff increases needed in - 12 - 1985. The Managua Division helped achieve these results, offsetting the poor performance of the Provincial Division and the rural water systems. The financial performance of the Managua Division was satisfactory. It had a 162 rate of return in 1983, and was expected to reach in 1984 the 62 covenanted without tariff increases (table 10). The Division had obtained a series of tariff increases and taken other measures to improve its financial position. It implemented an aggressive program of collections and shut-off of connections for the non-payment of bills. It obtained contracts with central government agencies to ensure payment for its services. DENACAL and the Provincial Division barely covered operating costs and showed a negative rate of return of 0.42 in 1983 with expected operating losses in 1984. This was due to the number, type and size of systems, the decentralized nature of its operations, the tariff structure, the less efficient billing and collecting practices, and the over-staffing. By the close of the project, however, INAA with the assistance of consultants was introducing improved operation and management practices, reducing the number of employees, applying better tariffs, improving the accounting, billing and collecting for all the systems under its control. At the end of 1983, the average tariff for the Managua Division was equivalent to US$1.8 per 1000 gallons and that for the Provincial Division, US$1.5 per 1000 gallons3 high by Latin American standards). INAA had problems with the collection of accounts receivable, and the unaccounted water in the Managua system which remains high (about 312) despite efforts to reduce it. 5.03 INAA made progress in reducing its accounts receivable through its aggressive program of collection. Improved collection from private clients was achieved in Managua but this was offset by an increase of 622 in receivables in the Provincial Division mainly due to delays in billing. Collection from government agencies was improved by the contracts signed for the payment of services. However, as of 1984, additional measures to reduce accounts receivable were still needed, such as clearer rules for write-offs of bad debts, legal authority to enforce payment of overdue bills, and a public relations program. 5.04 INAA's 1982 audit report was submitted three months late because of computer problems; the 1980 and 1981 reports were late because of the merger of EAM and DENACAL and the integration of the accounting systems. The audit reports of AHM for 1979, 1980 and 1981 were received by the Bank on April 18, 1983; and foi 1982 on July 1983. VI. INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT 6.01 The reorganization of the sector was successful. It met the objectives of seeking the most efficient arrangements for the sector, and of providing improved water and sanitation services to Managua and the rural areas. 6.02 In 1979, EAM and DENACAL were merged to create INAA. The general structure of both organizations was maintained and disruption was minimal. 3/ Based on the official exchange rate. - 13 - Later the rural water system responsibilities of ARM were transferred to INMA. Difficulties were encountered in unifying administrative, accounting, commercial, and procurement practices, but steps were taken to solve them and by 1983 considerable progress had been made. Effective technical assistance of consultants in all these areas was provided. 6.03 At the village level, the community organizations were given assistance and support by the staff of AHM to provide and maintain water and sanitation facilities. These community organizations are responsible for the maintenance of their facilities which they helped construct and can be expected to develop other community facilities. 6.04 The consultants' recommendations to improve the design and operation of the rural water systems and to reorganize the rural water supply division of INAM with adequate rural water staffing were carried out. With experience, work output and efficiency improved. AHM also allocated more staff to more regional and local offices, decentralizing its operations with successful results. The combined efforts of the health educators, promoters, and field staff resulted in the successful development of community participation and a good latrine program. 6.05 With the assistance of the consultants and the efforts of IKAA's own staff, the following improvements were achieved: the financial, commercial, administrative, design and planning functions were unified; the Managua water and sewer systems' operations combine,'; the Provincial and Rural Water Supply Divisions' operations improved; an asset base for the Provincial and Rural Divisions and a financial planning group established; and INAA's financial requirements analyzed. Tariff recommendations for the future were proposed and accepted. At the close of the project INAA was continuing its efforts to control unaccounted-for water in Managua and the other cities, establish a better tariff policy for the Provincial and Rural Divisions, and reduce accounts receivable. VII. ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION A. Rural Sanitation Project 7.01 The Rural Sanitation Project had a positive impact on the health and sanitation conditions of the inhabitants in 170 villages in the roor rural areas of Nicaragua. Although the project was amended and restructured, the major objectives were intact and achieved. An integrated sanitation and related health services program was developed. It helped the poor rural populations in small communities with an average population of about 124 inhabitants. The rural population was given health education in the use of safe water, excreta disposal, basic sanitation, and immunization and malaria control programs. With safe water and proper excreta disposal, supported by health education, immunization and malaria control, there is reduced infant and child mortality, lower morbidity and longer life expectancy, and increased work productivity. 7.02 The communities were organized and trained to be responsible for their contribution to the project and for operating and maintaining the project works. - 14 - 7.03 The project helped strengthen the managerial, technical, and operational capabilities of the executing agency and the interagency cooperation. 7.04 The beneficiaries' desire for project benefits and their willingness to pay is demonstrated by their contribution of 202 of the project costs exceeding the 152 covenanted and payment of the operating and maintenance costs. 7.05 An economic rate of return for the project was not calculated at appraisal. It is considered that the economic benefits are not quantifiable, but they are expected to be large. B. Managua Water Supply III Project 7.06 The Managua Water Supply III Project provided an increased supply of water needed to meet the demands of Managua's growing population to the year 1985. This project was the least-cost solution, it utilized the remaining capacity of the aquifer in the Managua area. 7.07 The project had a positive impact on the delivery of water to a large number of the urban poor and the improvement of service to the users in general. Through the financial assistance program of the project an additional population of about 215,000 (mainly urban poor) was connected to the water system. At the same time, the service was improved and made more efficient through the expansion and improvement of transmission and distribution facilities. 7.08 The project improved the efficiency of EAM. The managerial and operational capabilities of EAM were strengthened and the technical assistance provided was important. Operating costs were controlled, the desired ratio of the number of employees to the number of water connection was achieved, assets were revalued, tariff adjustments were obtained, and billing and collecting made more efficient. Elements were not available to calculate the economic rate of return of the project. 7.09 The future water supply sources for Managua were identified and a staged plan for their development specified. A feasibility study for the next stage was prepared and formed the basis for the follow-up Managua Water Supply Engineering Project to prepare final plans and specifications. 7.10 The project played an important role in the reorganization of the sector and helped make it a success. It helped determine the most suitable institutional arrangements and provided technical assistance for the reorganization. The merger of EAM and DENACAL went smoothly and the staff and basic structure of EAM was kept fairly intact. As a result, sector disruption was minimal, EAM efficiency was not impaired, and better administrative, financial, commercial and operating practices for the sector were extended throughout the country. C. Managua Water SuDly Engineering Project 7.11 This project will help prevent water deficits for the city of Managua. Under it a study was completed for the next water project to - 15 - provide water to Nicaragua. This study is a prerequisite for the construction of the facilities to provide additional supplies of water to the city. The proposed first stage would satisfy the demand to the year 2000. The population has grown rapidly, the present sources are stretched to their limit and there are water shortages. Although the completion of the studies was delayed and follow-up project did not take place, the plans are ready and construction could take place as soon as financing is available. 7.12 The project also continued the program to make the operation of the Managua water system more efficient with good results. Instrumentation and control equipment was repaired and replaced. With better control, pumping and other costs were reduced. 7.13 The project had a significant impact on improving the organization and management of INAA and the integration of EAM and DENACAL into a aingle efficient entity. The administrative, accounting and commercial procedures were unified with good results and a tariff study made. The tariff study was completed at the close of the project February 1984. INAA accepted the recommendations and began to apply them. 7.14 A rate of return for this project was not considered applicable and not presented in the President's report. An Appraisal Report was not prepared for this project. VIII. BANK PERFORMANCE 8.01 The Bank helped promote the reorganization of the sector and introduce better administrative, financial, and commercial practices in the sector through INAM. This included the systems formerly the responsibility of DENACAL. The complete application of these practices was not fully achieved at the close of the projects. 8.02 The Bank was overly optimistic in the Rural Sanitation Project with respect to the implementation capacity of PLANSAR and AHM, and the ability to construct the project's works at the low estimated costs. The result was that the project had to be reduced in scope, extenied in time, changed and restructured. During preparation and preappraisal not enough time was spent in the field to visit the local offices and ongoing works to verify the capacity of the organizations and the completed costs of the facilities. The project reached 170 villages and 21,000 people with water supply instead of approximately 500 villages and 111,600 people; and providing 9,500 new latrines instead of ;7,000 improved and new latrines. Per capita costs for the water component also increased several times, from a per capita cost of about $9 to about $55 in 1983. By Latin American standards, the $55 per capita cost is reasonable and at the lower range of costs. 8.03 The Bank did not take timely effective action in promoting the implementation of the technical assistance. As a result, the technical assistance was delayed. Stronger measures should have been taken to have had it implemented sooner. - 16 - 8.04 Supervision missions were of limited duration and approximately one per year. This was not sufficient, given the nature of the Rural Sanitation Project. More intense supervision would have permitted the identification of problems at earlier stages and early agreement on solutions. IX. LESSONS TO BE LEARNED 9.01 Rural Sanitation Projects are not simple to carry out, and should be planned in the context of a long range program. This provides time for the development of the institution responsible for the program, the establishment of the facilities desired, and the education and participation of the communities on a scale to have an impact on the health and sanitation problems of the country. One project is not enough for this. In addition, the initial project should be modest and not include too many components. 9.02 The Rural Sanitation Project should only have contained those components over which the executing agency (PLANSAR then AHM) had direct control and funding or for which it had specific agreements with other institutions for their participation. The housing improvement component was to be done with local financing under another Ministry and was dropped from the project. It was an excellent component and would have contributed greatly to the project objective of improving the basic sanitation if specific arrangements to fund it and carry it out had been provided for. 9.03 The Bank was overly optimistic in the design of the Rural Sanitation Project, considering that this was the first such operation in Nicaragua. More time should have been spent during project preparation, including field trips, to design a project more within the capacity of the executing agency. Also, more frequent supervision missions of a longer duration to permit evaluation of field work and field staff should have been done by the Bank, to assist and guide the Borrower in improving project execution. In this aspect, however, it should be remembered that during the period of civil strife, there were valid safety reasons for restricting staff travel. 9.04 The completion of the Managua III project demonstrates that when an institution is strong, enjoys autonomy, and has a motivated experienced staff, a project can be successful in spite of great political changes that may occur in the country. 9.05 The INAA experience shows that sector reorganization and institutional development takes time and continued efforts to be achieved successfully. Even with the full support of the authorities it is a long term task. Both Loans 1496-NI and 1983-NI provided technical assistance to that end. In general the following elements were important for the success of the reorganizations a) the reorganization made the sector operation and management more efficient and delivered improved services; - 17 - b) it had the support of the government; c) the staff and structure of the sector institutions were not unduly disrupted as they merged into the new sector organizations; d) the improvements in administration and operation were done carefully and gradually throughout the sector; and e) adequate technical assistance was provided. 9.06 From the execution of Loan 1983-NI, we have learned that when a project is a self-felt need by the borrower, means will be found to complete the project even when because of external circumstances suspension of disbursements occurs. - 18 - TABLE 1 NICARAGUA RURAL SANITATION PROJECT (Loan 1495-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT Allocation of Loan Funds (11S$ '000) Category Original Amendment Amendment Final Allocation 4/2/81 6,21/88 Disburement 1. Civil works end equipment 1,280 (280) 121 1,164 for approved sub-projecto (Part A, 1-4 of Exhibit to Schedule 2) (Drilled wells, dug wells, new and rehabilltated wells, mlnl- aqueducts) 2. Civil works, materials and Me o 406 (491) e o3 q"ulpment for approved sub- projects (Part A, 5 of Exhibit to Schedule 2) (New and rehabilitated latrines) 8. Equipment for Part C of the 200 120 8 858 Project (Office and communications equipment, vehicles and tool*) 4. Technical adviser and technical 200 (80) (87) 71 assistance for Part C of the Project 5. Selaries of PLANSAR educators 146 90 79 859 rendering services for Part 0 of the Project. (Health education, community organiza- tion and tralning) 6. Initial deposit to prefinanc - 260 - Ite under Category 1 and 2. jf 7. Unallocated e30 (se6) (180) S. Materials and equipment for Part E - - 460 450 of the Project (malaria control equipment, laboratory equipment and Insccticides) V/ ,000 8,000 ^/ Added 4/2/1982 V/ Added 6/21/1083 - 19 - TABLE 2 NICARAGUA RURAL SANITATION PROJECT (Loan 1495-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT Appraisal Estimate and Actual Proiect Cost Estimated Final Project Cost j/ Appralsal Estimate SPN Mission Feb. 194 US$ Ml I I Ion USS II IIton House Improvements Forein Local Total Loan Total I Wells *nd aqueducts .6 .6 1.4 1.2 1.9 +8s Latrines .2 .S .7 0.1 8.4 +s88 House impro*-.ments - .5 .5 - - deleted Immunizations - - - - - deleted Equipment .8 - .a .4 .4 +8a Technical Assistance .1 .1 .2 -* -* -80 Health education - .a .8 .8 .8 +187 Engineering and administration .2 .7 .9 - 1.7 .189 Laboratory equlpment .2 .2 added Malarl control and insect. .8 .8 added Sub-total 1.6 2.7 4.8 Contingencies: Phys Ical . .2 .5 Price .4 1.1 1.6 Total 2.3 4.6 6.8 8.0 6.8 +89 - 20 - TABLE 3 NICARAGUA MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY III PROJECT (Loan 1496-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT Allocation of Loan Funds ($ '000) Category Original Amendment }/ Amendment 3 Final Allocation of 11/2/79 cf 8/19/82 Disbursement 1/88fl6 by Cateory I. Equipment and materials 760 for Parts A and B of the Project (Wells, pumpta, pumping stations.) II. Civil works for Parts A and B 550 1IU. Civil works for C, 0, E, and F of the Project (distribution and trans- mission lines and water tanks) lOW 8,60 C,D,I,J,K 8,894 IV. Equipment and materials for C. 0, E and F of the project 420 V. House connections (Part 0 of the project) law VI. Computer (Part H2) 4W VII. Consultants servies (Part I) 6W0 VIII. Unallocated 1800 (lS0) IX. Subloans to finance house connections (new Part H) - 6- 6W X. Interest during construction - Iwo BOB Total 10,1W 10,1W - 10,1W 1. Amended category amounts to 88,00. It represents the total of civil works, equipment and materiale for original categories I-V plus consultants services VII. 2. Computer deleted. S. Project description modified to add construction of two water tanks Part C, increase materials for 560 malfuncioning valves, Part D, and to add: Acquisition of meters, parts and materials for repair of 67,0W service connections Part I; Acquisition of maintenance vehicles, Part J; and Acquisition of radio e,.iment, Part K. - 21 - TABLE 4 NICARAGUA MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING PROJECT (Loan 1983-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT Allocation of Loan Funds ($ '000) Category Original Final Allocation Disbursement 0/a/l0l by Category V 1. Technical assistnce for parts of the Project: 2.0f0 1.870 A. Final deslgns 1,200 D. Demand forecast and C. Distribution studies master plan 70 -. Plans first stage Imp. Distribution E. Evaluation of problems and determination of possible repairs to distribution system, pumping Instrumentation reservoir water levol controls, production moters, equipment (evaluation done and materials with own staff) 0. Improvoment of organization and management. (Billing and accounting, internal audit and control, administration, rural system mangement) G0M 2. Ecuipment and matorisle for Part F of the project. Repair of pumping station instrum_ntatton reservoir water level control valves production moters In Managua distribution system. 700 580 8. Unollocated 1.000 0 Total 8,700 2,400 J / Amount of US31.8 million caneelled 1984 V Based on estimate by last supervision mission and INA - 22 - TABLE 5 NICARAGUA MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY III PROJECT (Loan 1496-NI PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT Appraisal Estimate and Actual Project Costs Appraisal Estimate Actual Costs Variation (in millions) (in millons) Item Local Foreign Total Local Foreign Total CS US, USi CS US$ USS X Wells 1.37 0.84 1.08 8.76 0.33 0.61 kI -a1 Pumping Stations 0.81 0.24 0.33 0.78 0.11 0.19 -43 Resorvoirs (Storage tanks) 1.35 0.15 0.34 1.01 -- 0.10 -70 Downtown Mains 0.47 0.38 0.40 --- - ---- deleted Network Improvemonts 8.26 0.13 0.6W 1.78 0.11 0.29 -62 Distribution Mains 4.10 8.65 4.23 19.81 3.27 5.46 / +24 House Connections 2.62 1.08 1.44 5.68 0.60 1.17 -19 Computer 0.10 0.S6 0.36 --- - --- deleted Studies A T. Assistance 0.84 0.88 0.60 5.90 0.48 1.04 +108 Engineering (and Admin.) 2.80 0.20 0.60 4.93 0.81 0.80 +84 Vehicles and Radio 0.60 0.032 0.10 added Financing House Connections 6.00 0.60 added Emergency Program pj 9.29 0.773 1.70 added Importation Expenses 3.05 -- 0.81 added Basic Cost 17.41 7.36 9.84 Technical Contingency 2.61 1.10 1.48 Total Constant Prices 20.02 8.45 11.81 Price Contingenctes 6.68 1.68 2.49 Total Works Coste 26.65 10.13 13.80 62.63 6.995 12.60 -9 a) Cost Includes materials, meters, equipment, materials and labor by INAA. b) R tlecta a change in exchange rate of 7:1 to 10:1 in April 1979. Local currency expenditures in Cordobas as of that date were CS8 million. c) Project was amended and funde saved by deleting low priority works were applied to meet changed needs. Financing of local costs were Increased. - 23 - TABLE 6 NICARAGUA R'IRAL SANITATION PROJECT (Loan 1495-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT Key Monitoring Indicators hibactiva Cuulatits Projected As per Ae per Execution Cumulative April 1, 1981 Jun. 21, 1988 *a at Eigcutien to Appraisel Am"ndnt Amendment December 31, 193 March al. 198 c/ Village served 825 220 150 in6 170 Water Supply Drilled wells 95 80 - - Dug well let 161 10 62 92 |Iprevedw ll- 115 20 - 5 1O i Aqu durtn 82 40 16 9 26 Latrines mproved latrine 11,81 - - - - Nam latrine S. lS 12.000 8,000 86.28 9,800 Sanitary unita - 120 25 14 26 Improved housing 15,200 - lani_zed chi ldrn 72n000 72.OOD 72.000 72.n o 72,000 Population served with water 111,600 67.000 86S000 14,400 21,000 Populutien nerved with lstrineo 101,400 67-000 48.000 49,700 80000 Per capita coetw of ,ter- eupply us".86 3/ 13888S I 133 hr USMS / I3ssa85 / Contribution ot communities ma U of bae program coat S/ 25 28 28 2D 20 a/ June 19" prim. fr June 1980 pricee S/ Covenntetd minimum Is iSS IV Current prices - 24 - TABLE 7 NICARAGUA MANAG')A WATER SU!PLY III PROJECT (Loan 1496-NI) MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING PROJECT (Loan 1983-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT Kev Operating Indicators Aearaale l.......hd P m,. irforne i 146-NI 19e8-N Actul Projected 1 1 Year l9a7 1960 1Igo 1964 A/ 1983 connctie r (10w) Wt.4 6o 8 85.9 91.5 60.6 Production (10 gal.) 11.9 13.6 15.2 1I.7 18.6 Consumption (lOG gal.) 9.4 8.6 10.4 11.0 9.9 Ueccounted for water CB) 21.0 66.7 81.8 80.0 26.0 EWere" 64S 666 692 762 6s5 Olphee/1OC0 connectien 9.7 86.5 8.1 8.0 8. ERahat rate (CB) 7.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Project inv_eetwat CU) - 1496-W - - 9.6 100.0 100.0 - 1960-W - - 17.6 60.0 - Lan diebursed (U) - 1496-N - - 97.7 100.0 100.0 - 1965-I - - 16.2 66.0 100.0 MAtch'. sale. In receivable. - 6.0 4.9 U 2.5 2.0 Ineotorylreved g ri ficod aecete (U) - 2.0 2.9 ^ - 2.0 Incree. In eeerating cu (1) - 14.9 16.0 17.0 14.5 Averaes tariff (citoe gel) 4.00 17.5 17.5 Averag teriff (as/U0 gal) 0.57 - 1.8 1.8 - Totl revenues (106 CB) 40.5 _ 21.4 280.0 Trtl operating oat. (106 COS) 40.2 112.4 154.5 Avera" _a/(CO/10 ga l. prodwced) 6.i8 - 12.7 14.0 Rate of return (6) 0.2 - 1.0 12.0 Conection - wter (10) - 62.5 101.4 106.0 70.5 - eaer (lOP) - 70.5 85.9 89.0 81.8 Production (106 gal.) - 9.a 11.7 12.1 10.2 Cioniaption (10 gel.) - 5.7 7.1 6.1 7.3 Inmcreunted-for water (U) ci - t59.1 89.0 54.0 25.0 beloyeea/1000 Connection. - 22.0 13.6 13.9 12.0 littal oles In recivableo - 6.0 2.9 Al 2.0 2.0 Iventory/argee fixed ate (U) - 4.8 2.9 I - - I1crege in opereting eted (U) - 7.6 18.0 17.0 14.5 a/ DIM an alesjcn *etieatee. i Objective for Lean 1496-NI rpled by n_w objectivee Included in apprloal for Lan 196681. No objectivee prolected under either loan for 1114. S/ igure- are unreliable; ojoritw of connection. are unatered. iU bed an duo peant. aording to the Accoutning Owrnewnt prte ice which include regitretion of It. current eanth bilie a. receivables. J/ Includes toAl Inventories related to toti revalued grea fied asdet for both Aguedora ad Dencal becauae DIM registered only one inventory for both section. Inventory figure b.ed on value of physical existance in stores, excluding *In tranit *nteriele' (aterial. being puoca et the *ent of the Inventory urvey). - 25 - TABLE 8 NICARAGUA MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY III PROJECT (Loan 1496-NI) MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING PROJECT (Loan 1983-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT Provincial Division Income Statements (1983-1984) (millions of Cordobas) 1 9 8 2 1 9 8 3 Appraisal a/ Proiections Estimated Estimated c! Operating income 71.4 147.1 107.8 Operating cost 58.0 72.7 88.54 Income before depreciation 13.4 74.4 19.3 Revalued depreciation 17.9 bt 23.0 b/ 51.4 Net operating income (loss) (4.5) 51.4 (32.1) Revalued net fixed assets - - 858.8 Rate of return (2) - - (4Z) a/ Appraisal projections for 1982 were established under Loan 1983-NI, President's Report April 14, 1981. No estimates for 1983 were prepared. Higher than expected water tariffs were the primary reason that 1982 estimates exceeded 1982 appraisal projections. bl Depreciation expense was not revalued. cl Estimated mission figures were prepared during the last supervision visit January 1984. - 26 - TABLE 9 NICARAGUA MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY III PROJECT (Loan 1496-NI) MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING PROJECT (Loan 1983-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT Unit Profit or Loss for Water Produced by INAA (cordobas) Unit Sale Price Average 1/ Margin of profit Region Price per m3 Cost per m3 or loss per m3 Region I 8.74 10.59 (1.85) Region II 10.24 9.70 0.54 Region III 2/ 10.95 8.22 2.73 Region IV 10.28 9.78 0.50 Region V 7.00 18.15 (11.15) Region VI 8.75 7.62 1.13 Zonas especiales 15.38 31.32 (15.94) Sources Direcci6n Financiera, INAA, Boletin Estadistico 1985 1/ Average cost includes production cost, commercial, administrative and miscellaneous. 2/ Region III includes Managua. - 27 - TABLE 10 NICARAGUA MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY III PROJECT (Loan 1496-NI) MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING PROJECT (Loan 1983-NI) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT Manamua Division Income Statements (1983-1984) (millions of Cordobas) 1 9 8 3 1 9 8 4 Appraisal Appraisal Ln. 1983-NI Estimated a/ Ln. 1983-NI Proiected Operating income 137.0 221.40 170.0 230.04 Operating cost 76.4 106.09 86.5 118.96 Income before depreciation 60.6 115.31 83.5 111.08 Revalued depreciation 36.0 31.03 42.0 38.03 Net operating income 24.6 84.28 41.5 72.78 Revalued next fixed assets 612.2 520.74 691.0 614.3 Rate of return (X) 4.0 16.0 6.0 6.0 a/ The 1983 resu'ats were estimated by the mission of January 1984 since INMA had not closed its books. Revenues for 1983 were estimated at C$221.4 million, or 30Z higher than in 1982 mainly due to the increase in sales. Operating expenses increased by 161 in 1982. MAP SECTION ) ; l w; p J Ics - Ll l l o" - - - IBRD 13083R NICARAGUA D RURAL SANITATION PROJECT / / REGIONS FOR PLANSAR PROJECT . ' REGION BOUNOARIES PANAMERICANHIGHWAY MAIN PAVED ROADS - - -- ORY WEATHER ROADS J3. I.4. I-I IRAILROAOS / PORTS RIP.VERS C o1nh<5XS p ,,, -'- INTERNATIONAL BOUNO ARIES N,A '4-U /sn o RE. BIR PRO ny / < l e - > , + :. So~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S , . t...P A C O F I C 7\R8,, C) C k A N ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1,kI 7'SUZJ ,R SAMWCAOURStu \q \ AL RONANI T ' RW 8 1-- 9 9545 9 19 ~> OSTA R C .'IaRA w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5 L ay of~~~ KLOETR U. J~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ del S ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ACH18 cuilk"~~~~~~~~~~~~~65 N IBRD 1 Sf1 Lake MAanagua NICARAGUA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~OR"H220''2EAE,~ T.. - ,,.....,_____ PRES AGUADRAS DE I OkeMAN :nOgu a THIRD WATER SUPPLY PROJECT NE HIG S\IEZ PRIOPOSED EXIS9TING , -TS II' '0 2/ ~~ OW SERVICE ON N ICARAGUA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MRH18 PRS AGAOR EMAAU MAI ooo ApDHI..W... IBRD 128901R 87- 8rL as. NICARAGUA H 5 N D U R A S EMPRESA AGUADORA DE MANAGUA THIRD WATER SUPPLY PROjECT ' REGION BOUNDARIES PANAMF-CANSIG.WAY S A MAIN PAVED ROADS DRYAWAT.ERROADS T50m0 DRO L E1OIRAILROADS 7- DORTS RIVERS DEPARTMENT BOUNDARIES 14 - -INTERNATIONALE OUNDARIES r TROiPORDIRIR PTe~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A L. C.W-i. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C 71"'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 S..,.~~9' MAr,EP> C JN,IEA R faaso4c 6 B El; A N; iD fr1 si ID'4 ! I / ' A' '. -, 4, -- TRRMRRRBRADZR -4J~~~~~~~ICA.AflUA~ ~~~~~~MsQhpt RARR N . N7Nldtit z \ _Zt S. Pd. Mk;*$ k1 E (,- D . 1 . SOZ:RX ~~~~~W __El T _ _ Pd. COSTA R*98CA KLRE ENR ~ s IBRD 15546R To so,, Oa.l,f 86 1 '5"5 1 800 To Mofogolpo < NICARAGUA MANAGUA WATER SUPPLY Tisma Water Supply Scheme jr <\ \ \,p ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FUTURE PROJECT EXISTING U ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Water Transmission or S ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Distribvtion Mains [ Is ID Pumping Stations 1 7 --*\a 1 A) / X @ e si Storage Tanks _ TISIi

Основные сведения

Организация Группа Всемирного банка

Тип документа Project Completion Report

Дата принятия 30 ноября 1988 г.

Страна Никарагуа

Источник Всемирный банк