Somalia - Second Education Project

Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report No. 4573 PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT SOMALIA - SECOND EDUCATION PROJECT CREDIT 511-SO June 24, 1983 Education and Manpower Development Division Eastern Africa Regional Office This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  I  FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY SCIALIA SECOND EUCATION PROJECT CREDIT 51 1 -SO PROJECT CC4PLETION REPORT TABLE OF CON1TIS Page No. Foreword ......... (i) Glossary ......... (ii) Preface . .. . .(iii) Basic Data Sheet ................ . (iv) Highlights ......... . (viii) Attainment of Project Objectives ................. . (ix) CHAP I - THE PROJECT AND ITS EVOLtUTION: BACKGROUND Socio-Economic Setting . . . . . . . . a.. . . . . . . . . . .*. 1 Education and Training Setting . . e .n 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Developme et Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . f .. . . . . . . 3 Project Generation . ... . . . . .. . . . . . . 4 Project Description . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . . . . 0 . . .. 6 CHAPI I - PROJECT DEVEOP .ENT, I1PIErDDrATION AND OPERATION A. OVEVE . . . o . . . . . . . . . . 0. . . . . . . 9 B. PROJECT CCMPO =TS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Elementary Teacher Training College (E.ITC) . . . . .. . 11 General . . . ............... . . . . . . 11 Development and Implementation off the Educational Aspects 11 Development and Implementation of Physical Facilities . . 11 Operation of the Project Component . . . . .13 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Secondary Education . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . 14 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Development and Implementation of the Educational Aspects . 15 DeveloDment and Implementation of Physical Facilities . . . 16 Operation of Project Facilities . . . . . . . . . . 18 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  TABLE CF CONT.'1TS/Ccntinued Page No. Nomadic Training Centres (NrC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,.....,.... 20 Development and Implementation of the Educational Aspects . 21 Development and Implementation of Physical FacilJties . . . 23 Operation of the Centres. . . . . . . .. e . 26 Conclusions . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Community Education and Training Centres (CETC) . . . . . . . 29 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 29 Development and Tmplementation of the Educational Aspects . 29 Development and Implementation of Physical Facilities . . . 30 Operation of the Centres . . . . . . . , . . . , , . . . . 32 Conclusions . . . . . . . , . . . . . 32 Fishery and Marine Institute (FM4I) . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 33 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * . . . * . . . . 33 Development and Implementation of the Educational Aspects . 33 Development and Implementation of Physical Facilities . . . 34 Operation of the Institute . . .. . . . . . 36 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Somali Academy of Science and Arts (SASA) . . . . . . ' . . ' 38 Gweneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Project Development and Conception . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Development and Implementation of Physical Facilities . . . 39 Operation of the Project Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Facilities and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . 1 Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Development and Implementation of the Component . . . . . . 42 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 CHAPTER III - MANAGEMETr AND COSTS A. GOVERNME RESPONSIBIIITIES AND PEFORYANCE . . . . . . . . . 45 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Working and Administrative Procedures for Implementation of the Educational Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Working and Administrative Procedures for Implementation of the Physical Facilities Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 B. BA NK PERFORMIANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 C. COSTS AND FDIANCING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Appraisal Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Actual Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Civil Works Costs . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Furniture and Equipnent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Built A:,eas. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . I 64 Student Places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Unit Costs . . . . . . . . ,. . . . . . . . . . 64 Implementation Schedule and Disbursements. . . . . . . . . . . 64  TABLE OF CO=ENTTS/Continued Page No. CHAPTER IV - CONCLUSIONS: ISSUES AND RECOMMENIATIONS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 A. CONCERNING THE PROJECT CYCLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Development and Implementation . . ....... . . . . . . 66 Project Management, Operations and Performance . . . . . . . . 67 Project Costs and Financing ...... .. . . . . . . . .. 69 B. PHYSICAL FAC JITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Location and Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Design and Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Furniture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Equipment . . . .*. . . .* . . . . . . . . .. . a. ...*.*.*.* 71 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 LIST OF ANNEXES . . . . . * * * * * * * * * .*.............. .. . . . . . 73   (i) FOREWORD This Report is a restricted document prepared for the Government of Somalia, under the Cooperative Agreement between Unesco and the World Bank. At the invitation of the Government, a Mission composed of Messrs. L. Insuasty (General Educator and Mission Coordinator), G. Ziogas (Architect), both Unesco staff members, and R. Sack, (Consultant/General Educator), visited the country between 3-18 February 1982. The assignment of the Mission was to review in detail the history of the formulation and implementation of the project in order to identify positive achievements and shortcomings of pre-appraisal activities; to describe and explain differences between Appraisal forecasts and credit conditions with actual results concerning the implications of hard and software components and to assess the appropriateness of appraisal and credit conditions as well as assumptions about the Borrower's implementation capacity. Before working in the country, the Mission made a compre- hensive study of the relevant project files held by the World Bank Regional Mission in East Africa. These provided an essential background for the Mission's field work. To carry out its mandate, mission members held meetings with representatives of several Government agencies, namely from the Ministries of Education, Higher Education, Labour, Fisheries, Marine Transport, Local Government, and others (see Annex 1). In addition, mission members visited a representative sample of project schools. Annex 10 of this Report presents a summary of the observations made during these visits.  (ii) GLOSSARY NAEC National Adult Education Centre ETTC Elementary Teacher Training College NTC : Nomadic Training Centre CETC Community and Education Training Centre FMI : Fishery and Marine Institute SASA Somalia Academy of Science and Arts mTTC Technical Teacher Training College IDA International Development Agency (World Bank Group) PIU: Project Implementation Unit SIDAM Somali Institute of Development Administration and Management GAEA German Adult Education Association SDA Settlement Development Agency  - iii - PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT SOMALIA - SECOND EDUCATION PROJECT (Credit 511-SO) PREFACE This is a Project Completion Report (PCR) on the Second Education Project in Somalia. The related Credit 511-SO was approved in August 1974 in the amount of US$8.0 million. The last disbursement under this Credit was made on January 29, 1982 resulting in a total disbursement of US$7,915,729.18. The remaining balance of US$84,270.82 was cancelled. The PCR was prepared by Unesco at the request of and with the assistance from the Government of Somalia. On the basis of its review, EAPED agrees with the principal conclusions of the PCR. The PCR was prepared after a visit to Somalia by the Unesco team in February 1982. The report was sent to the Borrower which had no comments. The valuable assistance provided by the Government of Somalia, particularly the Project Implementation Unit, is gratefully acknowledged. The project has not been subjected to an audit by the Operations Evaluation Department.   (iv) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT BASIC DATA SHEET KEY PROJECT DATA Appraisal Item Estimate Actual Total Project Cost (US$ million) 10,100 11,897 Overrun (%) -- 17,8 Credit amount (US$ million) 8,000 8,000 disbursed (01/29/82) 8,000 7,916 cancelled (01/29/82) -- 0,084 1/ Date physical components completed 12/31/79 03/31/81 Number of months since Credit signed 63 78 Proposition completed by above date (%) 100% 95% Proportion of time overrun -- 23.5% Institutional performance -- not satisfactory throughout 1/ Telex to Government dated 02/22/82. Cumulative Estimated and Actual Disbursements (US$ million) FY 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 (a) Appraised estimate 0,052 1,842 6,692 7,672 7,968 8,000 -- -- (b) Actual -- 0,698 1,641 4,173 6,170 7,148 7,650 7,916 (c) Actual/estimated (%) -- 38 25 54 77 89 96 99   (v) OTHER PROJECT DATA Item Original Revisions Actual First mention in file June 1972 Government's application not available Negotiations 06/10/74 06/10/74 Board Approval 08/08/74 08/08/74 Credit Agreement Date 09/19/74 __ 09/19/74 Effectiveness Date 12/19/74 -- 12/19/74 Closing Date 06/30/80 03/31/81 03/31/81 Borrower Somali Democratic Republic Executing agency Project and School Design Unit/ Ministry of Education Fiscal year of Borrower January 1 to December 31 Follow-on project name Second Education Project Credit Number 511-SO Credit Amount (US$ million) 8.0 -- 8.0 (IDA) Credit Agreement Date 09/19/74 -- 09/19/74   (vi) MISSION DATA Type of Miss. Composition Man Date of Mission Data Days Al E 1I SP 1/ Weeks Report IDENTIFI- 14 JAN. - 11 FEB. 73 29 - XXXX2/X 24.0 not available CATION (UNE SCO /IDA) RECONNAISSANCE 16 - 27 SEP. 73 12 X X XX 9.6 25 Oct. 73 PREP/APPRAISAL 14 NOV. - 12 DEC. 73 29 X XX XX - 29.0 22 July 74 62.6 SPN 1 - 4 DEC. 74 4 - X - 0.8 6 Jan. 75 SPN 1 - 4 DEC. 75 4 - X - 0.8 12 Dec. 75 SPN 1 - 5 FEB. 76 5 X - - 1.0 16 Feb. 76 SPN 20 - 24 June 76 5 X - - 1.0 28 June 76 SPN 6 - 13 JAN. 77 7 X X - 2.8 8 Feb. 77 SPN 6 - 13 OCT. 77 8 X X - 3.2 9 Nov. 77 SPN 16 - 23 APR. 78 8 - X - 1.6 3 May 78 SPN 12 - 26 OCT. 78 14 X X X 8.4 3 Nov. 78 SPN 17 - 24 MAY 79 8 X X - 3.2 12 June 79 SPN 8 - 15 NOV. 79 8 X X - 3.2 17 Dec. 79 SPN 18 - 22 MAY 80 8 X X - 3.2 9 June 80 SPN 5 - 9 OCT. 80 5 X X - 2.0 21 Oct. 80 SPN 19 - 26 MAR. 81 5 X X - 2.0 10 Apr. 81 SPN 17 - 24 SEP. 81 8 X X - 3.2 25 Sep. 81 Sub-Total 36.4 CPL 3 - 18 FEB. 82 16 X X X 9.6 July 82 TOTAL 108.6 1/ A = architect 2/ 1 Bank staff 4 - 7 FEB. 1973 E = educator SP = Specialist 3/ 1 specialist one week only   (vii) CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES Name of currency Somali Shillings (80 Shs) Exchange rate - Appraisal year 1973 US$ 1.00 = 80 Shs 6.23 - Implementation years up to 1981 US$ 1.00 - 80 Shs 6.23 ALLOCATION OF CREDIT PROCEEDS ('000 US$) Actual Original Reallocation of Funds Disburse- Category Allocation as of 08/10/77 as of 11/13/79 ment 1. Civil works 3,700 3,700 5,050 4,936 2. Furniture 0,400 0,400 0,400 0,421 3. Equipment 1,160 1,160 1,690 1,695 4. Project Administration 0,100 0,100 0,130 0,135 5. Technical Assistance 0,640 1,120 0,730 0,729 6. Unallocated 2,000 1,520 - - 7. Cancelled -- - 0,084 8. Total 8,000 8,000 8,000 7,916   (viii) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT SOMALIA SECOND EDUCATION PROJECT (Credit 511-SO) HIGHLIGHTS The Credit Agreement for the Second Somalia Education Project (Cr. 511-SO) signed on September 19, 1974 provided for a Credit of US$8.0 million. The Project is part of the Government's education program contained in its Five-Year Development Plan (1974-78) and would assist Somalia's strategy by : (a) establishing an elementary teacher training college; (b) developing an Academy of Somali Studies in support of the Government's policy to promote basic education and reduce illiteracy; (c) improving secondary education by the addition of facilities to schools to enable agriculture, fisheries, science and commerce to be taught; and (d) providing rural training facilities for nomads including student hos- tels, staff housing and communal services. The Project was closed March 31, 1981 - nine months beyond the original June 30, 1980 Closing Date. Actual outcomes derived from assessments of educational objectives attained and of results arrived at in physical implementation as compared to project targets set out in the appraisal report, cannot be termed a reasonable success. The following table gives summarized attainments with cross-references to pertinent paragraphs in the Completion Report:  (is) AT?AI?NGDT OF PROJECT ObJECTIVES Objectives Means (Project Components) Outcome at Completion (a) Although built, workshops not used for their intended purpose and often not used for any instructional purpose at 1. Diversification of secondary all. Machinery and equipment has school curriculum to include Construction and equipment of workshops mostly been moved to vocational/techni- more practical and scientific (wood, metal and domestic sciences) and Cal secondary schools. courses. science labs for ten general secondary (b) Some of the scienco labs are being used schools. although often without .eter and electrl- city and often in a state of physical (Paragraphs 2.21 - 2.50) decay. (e) Present quality of construction. furni- ture and equipment is very poor. (a) the College was built for a capacity of 2,DO0 students and presently has over 2. To alleviate the existing Construction and equipment of an 3,000 enrolled. shortage and qualitative short- Elementary Teacher Training College (b) The curriculum includes no practical comings of elementary school for bOO students with particular subjects and the two science labs are teachers and to meet an in- emphasis on practical subjects. not used due to overcrowding. crease in enrolment (Par(naph 2.06 2.20) (c) Pbarding facilities are overcrowded, (Paragraphs .06 - 2.20)unhyglenic and in a poor state of repair. (a) The Academy of Somali Studies has become the Somali Academy of Sciences and Arts and is housed in a well-constructed 3. To develop the Somali language building financed by the Project. so that it could be used as the Construction plus some equipment for (b) Entire primary and secondary school language of instruction at all the Aeademy of Somali Studiea where curriculum are in the Somali language levels worka on research and development of which is the only language of instruction levels, the Somali language takes place. for these levels. (.) Textbooks in Somali exist and are used. (d) Works continue at the SASA on further (Paragraphs 2.17 - 2.156) development of the language in the areas of the development of a literature (from oral folklore) and technical terminology. (a) Five nomadic training centres as specified were built, but they are under-utllized. (b) There is no firm stand regarding the management and financing of the centres. Although it is said that the 4. To provide training programs to recurrent expenditures should be under assist rural development and, COnstruction, furniture and equipment the Ministrey Of Loeal Government abd particularly, to improve live- of 10 nomadic training centres for Rural Development they have not been stock production by nomads and 160 boarding places each iniluding staff included in the 1982 budget. the diversification of agricul- housing and community services. (e) Three of the original ten cnthres ture. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~were built for support to three of- the (Ptuegraphs 2.51 2.110) settlement areas created after the (Paragraphs .51 - 2.10)drought. Although these were Intended for adult education, these are presently used as technical secondary schools. (d) One of the centres was cancelled in order to use its financial resources to support technical assistance and another one was taken over by the Army. (a) The institute was built for the specified capacity, but present enrol- 5. To provide training programsa to ent is around 400 studenta. assist fishery and marine trans- Conatruction of, furniture and equipment (b) The workshops (except general mecha- port development projects. for the rebuilding of the Fishery and nics) were built but were not equipped Marine Institute, where 288 student end and therefore they serve no purpose. bO boarding placea would be provided. The samOe is the case for the library. (e) The science labs are being under- (ParoZmphs 2.111 - 2.136) utilized. (d) Boarding facilities arm not used at all due to the recurrent coat implications, (a) Furniture is in a poor state of repair, (a) Under direct contract the Government recruited five specialists from India for the Fisheries and Marine Insti tute. (b) One civil engineer uas also directly Tech.nical Assistance of nine man/ye&ar contracted to strengthen thie Project 6. Provide for staffing and train- of specialist services for the Unit, this was short of the Initial ing of personnel for project Pishery and Marine Institute and propoail and hd sa negative ibl.- management and the Fishery and seven man/yeara of specliliat noca on the quality of the work of Marine Institute as well as re- aervices for the Project Implementa- the Project Uni In terms of: inforcement of the Project Unit tion Unit. design, conatruction, supervision, procurement, installation of (Paragraphs 2.157 - 2.166) equipment, quality control, etc. (o) About 100 man/monthswere added to the original proposal to support the Technical and Vocational Teacher Training.  - I - CHAPTER I THE PROJECT AND ITS EVOLUTION BACKGROUND Socio-Economic Setting 1.01 Somalia has an area of 637O000 Km . About 13 per cent of the land is potentially cultivable and 45 per cent suitable for grazing. However, only a small proportion of the cultivable land is used and grazing resources are degrading. Rainfall is low and irregular so the risk of drought is ever present. While land and livestock are Somalia's main assets, fishing along the longest coastline of any mainland African country holds real promise. Th 1978 estimated GNP per capita is US$ 185 based on a GNP of So.Sh. 7,500 millions.edr 1.02 The population is estimated at about 4.2 million in 1982 (estimated growth rate 2.3 per cent - 2.7 per cent). Of this total, nomads account for about 60 per cent and the remainder is equally divided between sedentary agriculture and non- agriculture activities. Life expectancy at birth is estimated at 43 years. No data are available on skilled manpower drain to oil-exporting countries. The refugee population is estimated at over one million. 1.03 At the time of the Appraisal of Credit 511-90, Somalia had prepared the 1974-78 Five-Year Development Plan. "The strategy emphasizes maximum priority to the sectors of agriculture, livestock, forestry and fi shgries since these primary producing sectors are the key to economic development*.5 Regarding industry, "the building materials i2 ustry will receive immediate attention because of its strategic importance...7 .- As far as social services are concerned, the plan strategy is to "bring education and health services on a widening scale to the majority of the population, especially people in the pastoral-nomadic domain". 1.04 The Appraisal mission updated and projected to 1983 the manpower require- ments for the modern sector obtained in the 1971 manpower survey. The projections are summarized below: Additional Employment b Occupation (including Attrition), 1972-83 Estimated Additions Type of Worker Total Annual Professional 3,100 280 Technical 13,300 1,200 Administrative, managerial and executive 1,800 160 Clerical 10,400 950 Sales 16,000 1,500 Service 11,900 1,100 Skilled and semi-skilled 30,700 2,800 1/ World Bank: Memorandum on the Economy of Somalia, 1981, pages 8-9. 2/ Somalia's Five-Year Plan (1974-78): An outline of the Economic Programme. Published by: The Ministry of Information and National Guidance. Mogadiscio, June 1974.  -2- 1.05 In order to meet these needs, the outputs from the educational system were estimated aJ foUows: Requirements from the Educational System, 1972-83 Post-secondary Secondary Intermediate Level Level Level Required outputs for: (a) labour market 6,300 15,000 35,000 (b) labour market correcte