China - Proposed Agricultural Education and Research Project : Mission Report

.. . C86717/J87047/D476/49 CHINA PROPOSED AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH PROJECT Mission Report Beijing November 13, 1981 Edited November 30, 1981 .. C86717/J87O84/D476/5O Table of Contents Section Page A. Seventeen Colleges and Research Institutes 1 Project Objectives 1 Project Content: Mission Observations and Recommendations 2 Implementation Arrangements 5 Project Costs and Financing 6 B. Studies and NRRI 7 C. Next Steps in Project Processing 8 Annexes Annex 1 - Staff Development Geographic Summary Annex 2 - Farming Systems, Agricultural Economics and Farm Management Annex 3 Equipment Annex 4 - Computer Acquisition Annex 5 - Project Indicators and Targets Annex 6 - Project Costs Annex 7 - SAC Statement on Agricultural Research Study Annex 8 - Studies Mission Composition F. Farner (educator and mission leader); R. Cushing (agricultural research specialist - consultant); P. Hsueh (computer specialist); D. Jamison (economist); D. Davies (economist); v. Billeh (educator); T. Ramos-Saco (agricultural educator-consultant); D. Hartzog (agricultural educator-consultant); and P. Harrell (educational planner-consultant). C86717/J87047/D476/02 CHINA PROPOSED -AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH PROJECT MISSION REPORT 1. A World Bank mission visited China from October 22 to November 13, 19Rl to appraise the proposed agricultural education and research project. The task of appraisal was greatly facilitated by the excellent preparatory work carried out by the 17 project institutions and the State Agricult1,1ral ion's (SAC) Agricultural Education and Research Project Office (PO) Commiss_ (para. 10). Mission teams responsible for different project components met with each college and institute in two series of meetings scheduled during the first and second weeks of the visit. Additional meetings were held with the recently-formed Project Review Commission (PRC) (para. 12), with the SAC's Project Office, and with all other divisions and agencies concerned. The mission concluded that the proposed project should be recommended to the Bank's senior management. The report to follow swnmarizes mission findin~s · and recommendations. A. Seventeen Colleges and Research Institutes Project Objectives 2. The overall objective of the proposed project is to support the Government's program of strengthening higher education and research in the agricultural sciences. Specifically, the project would provide 17 institu- tions with technical assistance, equipment, and civil works designed to: (a) increase enrollment -- by about 30% for undergraduates and four-fold for postgraduate students -- at the 11 agricultural colleges through improved utilization of staff and space, provision of up-to.- date laboratory facilities, and development of postgraduate programs; (b) raise the quality of research work at the 6 research institutes and the quality of teaching and research at the 11 colleges by providing overseas fellowships and study tours for faculty in addition to modernizing laboratory facilities; and (c) strengthen management of resources in agricultural education and research through training programs for administrators, librarians, and computer center directors. C86717/J87047/D476/01 - 2 - Project Content: Mission Observations and Recommendations 3. Staff Development (a) Overseas training grants and study tours. The mission reviewed d~ta supplied by each institution on cate~ories of training, proportion of trainees in each category, locations (both by ~ountry and institution) of study, and cost. The mission fully endorsed the SAC classification of training grants as follows: doctorates (3 years), masters (2 years), advanced training (1 year), professional study tours (4-6 months), and management study tours (4-6 months). The proportion of trainees in each category appeared reasonable as did the list of study locations which reflected a considerable spread geographically and by specialty (Annex 1). Mission recommendations are as follows: (i) that in selecting candidates for degree study abroad, the colleges/institutes consider choosing more promising young to middle-aged lecturers and fewer from the stock of recent college postgraduates or undergraduates. (ii) that each college/institute include at least one candidate for the MLS degree among its overseas trainees (all but 5 now do). In response to the concern raised by several institutions that few candidates had undergraduate training in library science, the mission emphasized that such training was not a prerequisite for pursuing a higher degree in the field. Moreover, the mission pointed to the possibility of an institution selecting an MLS candidate from outside its own teaching staff provided the candidate agreed to serve the sponsoring institution upon his return from overseas study. (iii) that, to the extent possible, institutions send management and professional study grantees in groups. This would lead to a more efficient use of those grantees with foreign language proficiency and it would also allow for a useful exchange of ideas during travel. Programs should be arranged so that each group visits a different set of overseas institutions. (iv) that institutions take into account an upward revision in costs for the first three categories of training to US$15,000 per fellowship year for tuition, board and room. Travel costs should be in addition to this and doctoral fellows should be provided with two round trip tickets. (v) language trainin~ center. Present estimates indicate that only around 100 of the proposed total of 750 grantees would have the necessary language preparation to enter overseas training programs immediately. The mission urged the SAC to accelerate final selection of candidates so that language C86717/J87141/D476/04 - 3 - classes for the first batch requiring training might begin at the institutions during the spring term 1982 and at the language center as soon as possible. The mission asked for a letter from the SAC requesting the Bank to compile on its beha1f a list of agencies which could start a language training center quickly. 4. Curriculum Development. Following the series of meetings with the PRC and project institutions, the appraisal mission concluded that the aforementioned staff development plans, while carefully prepared and sufficiently detailed, should be more explicitly justified in terms of each institution's long-range objectives for revising and expanding its curricula. To what extent, for example, do the proposed grants for advanced degree training fit in with an institution's overall plans to strengthen existing specializations or to introduce new fields of study? Of particular concern to the mission is the necessity of introducing courses, broad in scope, in such areas as farming systems and farm management. As it now exists, the curricula are divided into such a large number of specializations that students never acquire even a basic knowledge of agriculture as a system. Yet it is precisely this kind of knowledge and understanding that is required in order to make effective and balanced use of a range of special- izations in solving prqblems at all levels of agricultural production (Annex 2). Likewise, introducing courses in agricultural teacher training will enable project colleges to serve the important function of supplying agricultural technical schools with well trained instructors. It should be noted that the SAC has expressed the intention of achieving more flexibility in curriculum through the addition of more electives and the adoption of a system of academic credits -- that is, assigning to each course a certain number of credits to be applied to graduation. 5. Specialist Services. The mission recommended initiating the process of inviting specialists without delay so as to allow distinguished scholars optimum flexibility to fit in a China tour along with their other commitments. It was pointed out that such specialists should be used not only or particularly as lecturers in their specialized fields, but as consultants who might advise on such matters as curriculum development, staff development, and establishing postgraduate degree programs. In several instances, the mission noted that costs per specialist were too high and advised institutions either to extend the time of contract or reduce salary levels. 6. Equipment (Annex 3). In its report to the PRC, the mission offered the following recommendations and cautionary notes on equipment requests: (a) that the PRC seek to avoid unnecessary duplication in equipment acquisition. The mission suggested that project institutions make a combined inventory of equipment so that certain sophisti- cated items not used regularly and routinely might be shared rather than acquired by each institution. (b) that the PRC strive for as much standardization of equipment as possible. This would allow for a better price in bidding as well as greater efficiency in maintenance and servicing. C86717 / J87141/D4 76/05 - 4 - (c) that the PRC be alert to the possibility of a disproportionate amount of equipment being applied to advanced research rather than used. for instructional purposes. (d) that in attempting to close the equipment gap between China and more advanced countries, institutions consider the desirability of phasing: that is, in an initial phase to pay heed to replacing obsolete teaching equipment and only later, as needs become better defined, to acquire more sophisticated pieces of equipment appropriate to postgraduate and faculty research use. (e) that for efficiency of repair and maintenance of equipment, the equipment task forces of the PRC consider centralizing these functions. A portion of costs for equipment, both scientific and computer, has been classed as "undesignated" (Annex 6). Providing an amount not tied to specific equipment purchases nor to specific institutions is meant to give the project maximum flexibility to respond to institutional equipment needs as they emerge during the life of the project. 7. Computers. After evaluation by the mission, computer requests were grouped into two categories, those serving the general needs of teaching, research, and records management at the project colleges and those addressing specific requirements of certain of the research institutes. Accordingly, the mission proposed a five-year schedule for computer acquisition (Annex 4). To meet basic-level needs, the mission proposed immediate acquisition of microcomputers and programmable calculators. Initial mission cost estimates for hardware, software, maintenance, spare parts, and training showed that institutions had underestimated costs by as much as US$2-3 million. This relates to the question of total project costs (para. 14). 8. Civil Works. The Government plans to finance from its own resources all civil works construction uner the proposed project. The PO has provided the mission with detailed tables by institution on space allotment per student in dormitory and academic buildings, construction costs for both revonation and new structures, and the starting and completion dates for construction. 9. Project Evaluation. The project would contain an evaluation program under which progress toward project objectives would be measured during and at the end of the project and for some years thereafter. Twenty indicators have been identified for use in the evaluation (Annex 5). As another part of evaluation, the colleges and institutes would conduct tracer surveys of graduates of both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. The appraisal mission proposed on experimental tracer survey of the spring 1982 undergraduate output of a general agricultural college. The results of this initial exercise might be available for review by the postappraisal mission and surely by the time of negotiations. Based on this trial, a project wide program of annual tracer surveys would be inaugurated at the beginning of the project and continued until perhaps 1989 so that evidence after the C86717/J87047/D476/06 - 5 - project is completed in 1985/86 could be included. Bank supervision missions would assess progress of the project by examining current data on both the project indicators and the tracer surveys. Implementation Arrangements 10. The main responsibility for implementing the project would rest . with the SAC. The Deputy Director of the SAC's Bureau of Science and Education (Mr. He Xiuyin) would assume overall responsibility for directing the project. He would be aided in this task by the division chiefs of the Bureau's Education and Scienc~ and Technology Divisions who will function as project coordinators. These I .,coordinators ! woulrl work with the assistance of a Project Office (PO) specially established by the Bureau of Science and Education and consisting o£ a procurement officer, a staff development officer, an accountant, and .secretaries as required. The scope of work for the SAC's Project Office is described in para. 4.02 of the Staff Appraisal Report for the University Development ~roject, copies of which have been provided. 11. College/Instithte Level. Each college and .institute, acting through its own newly-created project unit, would be responsible for procuring civil works and local equipment. In the case of imported equip- ment, items would be grouped for procurement in order to achieve lowest prices. Review and procurement assistance would be rendered as necessary by the SAC and the PRC. Candidates for overseas study would be nominated by college/institute departments and their selection finalized by a specially appointed selection committee. I 12. Project Review Commission (PRC). As agreed upon at the time of the identification mission, a PRC has been formed as the group representing the 17 institutions in overall project management. The PRC's major functions are as follows: (a) to provide technical expertise in all specializations so as to guide the project effectively; (b) to assist the PO in reviewing equipment lists, drawing up equipment specifications, and evaluating bids from suppliers; (c) to review college/institute staff development plans and help select study locations and subjects for overseas training grants; and (d) to determine requirements for specialist services and supervise selection of specialists. Over the life of the project the PRC will also be concerned with (a) arranging for installation of equipment and (b) advising project institutions on the most effective use and mainte- nance of equipment. 13. PRC Study Tour. The Bank has arranged for UNDP financing of an overseas study tour for the PRC membership. The purpose of the tour would be to familiarize members with a range of equipment manufacturers in the scientific and computer fields and with a sampling of professional study programs in specializations cited in the college/institute staff development proposals. Members would be grouped in five teams -- computers, optical equipment, analytical equipment, staff development, and library/audio-visual C86717/J87084/D476/07 - 6 - equipment -- of about 7 persons each. Travel time would be around 30 days with visits to West Germany, U.K., the U.S., and Japan. The mission · recommended that: (a) the itinerary for the tour be agreed upon before November 12 and (b) no later than December 1 the SAC submit by telex a final roster of names of participating .PRC and PO members so that the Bank might arrange for a January 2 departure. Project Costs and Financing 14. Although no substantial changes in the amount of equipment and training were made, original costs were understated. The realistic total project cost is Yuan 243 million (US$139 million) and the loan/credit projection is US$65 million (Annex 6). The possibility of exceeding the original $60 million figure was recognized at the end of the identification mission. The appraisal mission once again discussed this matter wit.h the SAC and intends to process the project in Washington at the higher figure. C86717/J87084/D476/08 - 7 - B. · Studies ·and NRRI 15. Studies. The identification mission recommended that the Government include a·s part of the project comprehensive studies of the agricultural education and research systems. During appraisal, the mission once again stressed the importance of such studies b.o th as an aid to long term development planning and as the basis for future Bank lending in the agricultural education, training . and research areas. The Government ag·r eed (Annex 7) upon the necessity of conducting the two studies, but insisted that their implementation be considered separate from that of assistance to the 17 project institutions. The appraisal mission recommended that the Government consider the following points (Annex 8): (a) Given their critical importance to China's development process, the Government would conduct the aforementioned agricultural education and research studies concurrently with implementation of its plans to strengthen 17 agricultural colleges and research institutes. (b) The Government would be prepared to arrange a series of meetings for the members of the postappraisal mission concerned with manpower planning and for a special agricultural research mission in March-April 1982. (c) To assist the Bank in supervision of the present project and in defining future lending possibilities in the agricultural education, training and research areas, the Government would agree to solicit Bank comments on the scope and design of the studies. (d) While Bank financing may not be involved, the Bank would be prepared to render advice when requested. Also, consultants engaged under the project to assist colleges and institutes could be asked to help on the studies. (e) While distribution of periodic reports and final research results wouln be entirely the responsibility of the SAC, the Bank would expect to be included on the distribution list. If so stipulated by the Government, research reports would be treated as confidential documents by the Bank. 16. National Rice Research Institute (NRRI). The identification and appraisal missions held discussions with the SAC on the possibility of funding equipment and training costs for NRRI under the project. Since the International Rice Research Institute (IRR!) delegation presently in China to review planning for NRRI has not yet reported its findings, the SAC felt that it was premature to consider the question of Bank financial involvement. The mission recommended that the SAC reconsider the matter of Bank financing as funding commitments to NRRI become better defined and that further discussions be held at the time of postappraisal or negotiations as appropriate. C86717/J87084/D476/09 8 C. Next Steps in Project Processing 17. Timetable ( a) January-February 1982: PRC Study Tour. By December 1, 1981 the Government should submit to the Bank the names of partici- pants. (b) Early February 1982: Mr. s.z. Sung would visit China for 4-5 days to advise on procurement. The PRC should be prepared to meet with Mr. Sung. (c) March 1982: A_special UNDP-financed procurement mission will be sent to China to help prepare the specifications and bidding documents for the first phase of foreign equipment procurement (perhaps half of the equipment). In this way, the Project Office would be ready to solicit bids shortly after the project becomes effective. Leaders of the PRC equipment teams should be preapred for four weeks of meetings with this special procurement mission. (d) Late March 1982: postappraisal mission which will include a specialist on manpower planning. The Government should be prepared to arrange a program of meetings on manpower. (e) March-April 1982: 3-4 week agricultural research study mission. ( f) May 1982: technical discussions (1 week in Washington, D.C.) followed immediately by negotiations (1 week in Washington, D.C.) 18. Summary Checklist of Next Actions By December 1, 1981: List of PRC Study Tour participants relayed to Bank. It is imperative that all study tour partici- pants be chosen from among PO and active PRC members. By February 1, 1982: Telex to Banlc names of PO officers who will meet with Mr. Sung. By March 1, 1982: (a) PRC Study Tour participants and PO agree on equipment list for first equipment procurement to be considered by procure- ment mission. (b) Send to Bank for its review prior to departure of the post- appraisal and research missions: (i) names of officials who will serve as counterparts on studies to the two missions, and (ii) general plans for conducting the studies. C86717/J87084/D476/10 - 9 - By Arrival of the Procurement Mission (about March 15): (a) Assemble PRC members in Beijing to work for about 3 weeks with the mission. (b) Secure from MOE copies of all similar documents used in the University Development project. By Arrival of the Postappraisal Mission (about March 30): (a) Prepare initial lists of at least 75 overseas study grantees, related language examination results, and applications for admission to universities. (b) Report progress to date on selection and recruitment of specialists. (c) Arrange for review by postappraisal mission of procurement mission progress. C86717/J86762/D476/35 ANNEX 1 CHINA 'PROPOSED AGRICULTURAL EnUCATION AND RESEARCH PROJECT MISSION REPORT Staff Development Geographic Summary (Doctoral, Masters and Advanced Study only) Advanced Doctoral Masters study Total Total % Country (3 yrs) (2 _yrs) (1 yr) persons years Persons Years Canada 3 3 5 11 20 2.8 3.1 USA 27 101 125 253 408 63.7 65.1 Japan 2 21 32 55 80 13.9 12.7 Hong Kong 2 2 2 0.5 n Thailand 1 1 1 n n Philippines 1 1 1 n n India 1 1 1 n n Ireland 1 1 3 n n UK 6 C} 14 29 50 7.3 8.0 Holland 1 3 4 5 1.0 0.7 West Germany 3 7 10 13 2.5 2.1 Norway 1 1 2 3 0.5 0.5 Sweden 4 6 10 14 2.5 2.2 France 1 5 6 8 1.5 1.3 Italy 2 2 2 o.s n Australia 6 3 9 15 2.2 2.3 Total 40 149 208 397 626 100.0 100.0 n ~ too small to show percentage. C86717/J86836/D476/21 ANNEX 2 Page 1 CHINA PROPOSED AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH PROJECT MISSION REPORT Farming Systems, Agricultural Economics and Farm Management Over the thousands of years of its history China's ear~y agriculturalists -- its peasants -- developed highly productive forms of agriculture. But at a cos~ For . they initiated processes in the relations of soil, water, plants and animals which if they are not reversed must lead to disaster. The fact that production is being increased by opening up of new lands, increased use of fertilizers, and advances in plant breeding and pest control should not be allowed to obscure this fact. The central problem facing China's modern agriculturalists -- its scientists, cadres and peasants -- is therefore to develop farming systems /1 which prevent and reverse degradation of its resource base (loss of soil - organic matter and structure, soil erosion and loss of plant nutrients, flooding, siltation, salination, sand drafts, degradation of forest and rangeland plant comI11.1nities and depletion of aquafers) while meeting the needs for food for adequate diets, industrial crops and biomass fuels for its inevitably increasing population, minimizing use of fossil fuels and other limiting resources, meeting economic criteria j]:_ and improving quality of rural life. Policy, extension, research, teaching should be strongly directed to developing such sustainable farming systems. Major constraints in achieving this will be: that the specialized curricula in the agricultural colleges do not tend to produce graduates with the necessary breadth of understanding and outlook in relation to policy, extension, research and teaching. /1 Defined as complexes of land area, soils, climate, water, plants microbiota and animals, (agro-ecosystems) managed as a unit by parti- cular technologies. Farming systems may be based on arable land, hill land, rangeland (grassland), forest land or fresh water bodies, or integration of these. /2 Involving prices of inputs and products which give incentive to producers · to develop such systems, and achieve regional and national economic and resource allocation goals. C86717/J86836/D476/22 ANNEX 2 Page 2 that much research in agricultural institutions tends to be too narrow in its perspective and not sufficiently directed at . the problems involved in developing sustainable farming sytems; also modernization of science and of agriculture may be equated by some people with following overseas research trends and agricultural technology and farming systems independently of their significance for China. that the staff development plans in the loan request give insuffi- cient support to fields which need to be strengthened for developing farming systems research and teaching. that teaching and research in the application of economics to agriculture (agricultural economics) and management of farming systems (farm management)) are inadequate. Recommendations rising from identification of these constraints and the consequent indicators are: that students in agricultural colleges should not begin to specialize in. soil science, agronomy, horticulture crop protection or animal science until the third year./1 (Indicator 20: all references to indicators are to Annex SJ that teaching based on concepts of systems and agro-ecology leading to fundamental understanding of farming systems be provided for all students, and that an undergraduate specialty in farming systems be developed. (Indicator 17.1) that a proportion of staff development expenditure be directed to fields which particularly need strengthening for developing farming system teaching and research./1 (Indicator 17.2) that farming system and disciplinary research directed at develop- ment of sustainable farming systems be specifically encouraged and supported.L!_ (Indicator 17.3) (Colleges will need to devise interdisciplinary units for promoting and facilitating the development of such farming systems teaching and research.) that farm management courses be provided at undergraduate and postgraduate diploma and masters degree levels. (Indicator 4) /1 Such as legume and grass forage plant agronomy, soil conservation, reduced tillage, ruminant nutrition, pasture-animal relations, parasitism in grazing animals, agro-forestry, agro-ecology including integrated pest management, and biogeochemical (nutrient cycling) and biogeophy- sical (e.g. wind breaks, soil structure and erosion) studies, cropping systems involving soil studies and farming systems research itself.  . C86717/J87947/D476/36-37 - e ., i I ~ I ,. PROPOSED AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH PROJECT i MISSION REPORT I ■eorted Eguie111ent Uatns llorld Bank Loan 1 Coat and ~antitl ~Seta) bl Institution (Coat in US$'000) ·) !! Category Computer Physiology, Aeronautic Institution & 111eaaage Optical & Aud.iov·iaual bioche11iatry, Heteorolo- Soil & hy- & re■ote !lee- Mechanical processing microscope & library chemlatry gical, etc. drologic sense tronic engineering Other Total ---------- Colle15es ·1 Nanjing Quantity 1 279 4 616 10 - - - - - 910 Central China Cost Quantity 300.00 31 419.90 213 3.00 3 1,294.66 191 142.54 19 , ·- 17 - 3 - 45 - 12 - ? 2,160.00 534 Cost 344.80 568.40 69.00 702.00 76.00 20.80 106.00 123.30 49.80 99.90 2,160.00 South China Quantity Cost 50 347.30 383 415.85 305 85.40 352 901.15 265 222.00 23 22,30 I - - 3 54.00 31 112.00 - - 1,416 2,160.00 Northwestern Quantity 104 157 51 518 12 - , 3 - - - - 16 - 861 · Southwestern Cost Quantity 523.07 48 426.70 203 286.50 12 688.50 373 157.60 19 25.00 - - - 52.60 - - - 2,160.00 655 Cost 354.00 557.00 175.00 840.00 214.00 - - - - - 2,160.00 Shenyang Qu,anttty 14 530 263 154 4 31 - 42 29 - 1,067 1 ing Forestry Be.i . Cost Quantity 320.00 4 740.80 33 122.50 - 682.40 54 65.30 12 32.00 4 - 56 77.00 14 120.00 1 - 7 2,160.00 178 College Cost 459.98 351.00 - 670.50 128.00 16.00 291,20 38.70 200.00 60.62 2,160.00 South China Tropical Quantity Crops Coat 37 48.20 150 548,51 711 118.45 189 616.93 48 295.61 21 • 11.00 - - 9 28.60 99 393.63 30 49.07 1,294 2,160.00 East China University Quantity 10 3 172 41 - - 13 - - 851 - 8 1,098 Water Resources Cost 980.00 26.00 172.00 58.00 90,00 634,00 - 11.00 1,931.00 .-l Shanghai Fisheriea Quantity - 164 343 51 105 8 - 6 - 97 774 College Nanjing Meteorolo- Cost Quantity - 1 228.00 - 191.50 - 8 368.40 10 · 165.00 96 2.40 21 I . - - 11.80 - - - 36.60 - 1,003.70 136 gical College Institutes Cost 650.00 - 138,00 26.10 796.80 9.10 - - - - 1,620.00 Animal Science Inati- Quantity 103 6 3 133 - - - - - 625 - 870 tute CAAS Cost 24.00 80.00 7.00 6.30 - - - - 659.00 - 1,400.00 Information center Quantity - - 1,391 - - - - - - - - 1,391 CAAS Cost - - 1,680.75 - - - - - - - - 1,680.75 Center, Monitor Forest Resources Quantity Cost 2 660.00 - .., - - - - - - 101 730.00 - - - - - 103 1,390.00 Water Conservancy Quantity Cost 89 1,193.00 8 119.00 24 202.00 17 1,533.00 3 47.00 101 101.78 7 148.sq 137 312.00 - - 35 137.00 423 3,329.60 Taihu Aquatic Quantity - 164 343 51 105 8 - 6 - 97 774 Products Cost - 228.00 - 191.50 368.40 - 165.00 - 24.00 - - - 11.80 - - 87.90 1,055.00 Meteorological Infor- Quantity 71 2 - - 73 1Dation Service Cost 1;140.00 - 196.00 - - - - - - - 1,036.00 & £1 "'  ANNEX 4 Findings and Recotlllllendations on the Computer Component - Appraisal Mission to Cqina: A .Proposed Agriculture Education and Research Project Prepared by Peter Hsueh, Sr. Computer Systems Specialist, The World Bank, November 14, 1981 1. Sutllllary r Wi-thin the proposed Agriculture Education and Research project, there is a sizable component on computing equipment. The appraisal mis- sio~, as a result of a thorough review into the component, accomplished the following: • Identified the objectives and justifications for the component .. • Developed a 5-year acquisition and operational cost estimate to ensure the provision of adequate resources for accomplishing the objectives. · - • Recommended an implementation approach that is consistent with the priorities of the objectives the staff development plan in the project, and allows for cost-effective use of resources • • Identified the potential benefits and the possible risks associated with the component. The mission concluded that: (i) the establishment of computing capabilities in the project colleges and institutes are fully justified in light of the crucialness of computing as a basic learning in higher education, and as a basic and essential tool to aid in research work, (ii) if the resource is adequately provided and the recommended implementation approach is adopted, this computer component will contribute substantially to China's education and research in the agriculture sector. The mission therefore, recommends the inclusion of $9.8 million (excluding contingen- ciea) for the computer component in the proposed project. 2. Basis of the Findings and Recommendations The findings and recommendations summarized below are based on: • A set of computer component project plan papers prepared by each of the project colleges/institutes, in accordance with the outline provided by the appraisal mission before its arrival • • Field trips covering six (6) colleges and institutes in Beijing and Nanjing. .· . -2- • Several long work sessions with the Project Review Commission on · computers on the cost estimates and conceptual approach to the implementation of the computing .facilities in ' the project col- leges/institutions. 3. Objectives of the Computing Facilities ... The overall objectives of establishing the computing facilities for . s and the research institutes, in priority :order, are as fol- · the college_ lows: I ,, 1 • Colleges: (i) provide elementary computer applications training to all students and~aculty members (ii) support advanced course work in various agricultural specialti'.es and social sciences ' I (iii) In a longer term, provide service to college administrative work and library management. • Institutes: (i) provide an additional tool for ' research work (ii) provide enhanced service to the clients of the institutes Detailed descriptions of the objectives for each of the coll~ges and institutes are contained in the computer component project papers prepared by the colleges and the institutes. 4. Justifications The objectives given by the colleges and institutes are fully justified, because: • Computers are no longer the sophisticated tools reserved only for mathematicians, physisists, or other high technology scien- tists. There use in other fields such as social sciences, industry, farm management, banking, inventory control, etc. became wide-spread in the West in mid-1960s. Therefore, teach- ing college students a basic skill to make use of computers is as essential as any other basic courses in institutes of higher learning, including of course the agriculture colleges • • Advanced courses teaching and research work in the areas of agriculture economics, yield forecasting, crop breeding, etc. will also be enhanced with computer aided methodologies. For example, China has accumulated the growth and yield data of  -3- several thousands of local varieties of rice. IRRI (Interna- tional Rice Research Institute) has collected data on more than 40,000 varieties of rice crops. Computers and the. computer aided methodologies is almost essential if China is to thoroughly analyze the available data in relation to local conditions in the vast planting fields in China • • Science and Technology has been identified as one of the four areas of modernization. Within this area ,.of modernization, computers are listed as the fourth highest priority item, after agriculture, energy, and materials. Therefore, establishing a computing capability in agriculture colleges/institutes is fully consistent with China's overall development str~tegy. 5. Cost Estimtes for the Computing Facility A review of the cost estimates prepared by the project col- leges/institutes indicated that the estimates were too low. This was because the estimates were largely based on computer hardware cost. A number of cost items including such essential items as system and applica- tions software, maintenance tools, spare parts, operational training, etc. were not considered. Furthermore, in order to ensure adequate resources for continued operation during the life of the project, cost estimates should include continued operational costs such as hardware upgrade, acquisition of additional software etc. for a period of 4-5 years. r-.1Sed on the computing capacity required by the project col- leges/institutes, the required computing facilities can be largely divided into two groups: one falls into the category of high-end mini computers and the other falls into the low-end mainframe computers. For convenience, the former is referred to as Group A computers and the latter is referred to as Group B. In consultation with the Project Review Commission on Computers, and based on the available price quotations in the China market, Table 1 contains the cost estimates for Group A computing facility; and Table 2 is a more summarized cost estimate for Group B facility. j  -4- Table 1 - Cost -Estimate for Group A Computing Facilitz (US$7000) Year of Implementation 1 2 3 4 Total % 1. Computer Hardware 300 48 348 50% 2. 3. System Software System Documentation 10 2 10 10 10 10. 2 . 4. Application Software 3 10 30 10 80 s. 6. · Installation Shipping 15 20 r - 15 20 7. Maintenance Tools 30 30 50% 8. _ Spare Parts 10 15 15 15 10 9. Supplies 3 2 2 2 9 10. Operational Training 35 35 11. On-call Service 8 8 8 8 32 12. Cost for Safeguard by COCOM 6 6 2 2 16 13. Site Preparation: Bldg, A/C, (-) (-) Power supplz 1 Flooring 1 etc. 14. Total 469 51 116 47 683 100 Table 2 - Cost Estimate for Group B Computing Facilitz 1. Computer Hardware 680 56 736 65% 2-12.0ther Costs 217 52 81 58 408 35% Total 897 52 137 58 1144 100% These cost estimates indicate that: • In the case of Group A, the hardware cost is only 50% of total cost, not ~ounting site preparation and operating staff costs. Depending upon location, the hardware cost in operating a com- puting facility can be as low as 25%, if cost for site and staff are considered. I . • For larger computers (group B) the non-hardware cost is lower in percentage, and on the other hand for smaller computers the . pecentage will be higher • • Therefore, non-hardware costs are significant and must be included in the cost estimates. 6. Recommended Adjustments Based on the cost estimates developed in paragraph 5, and the priorities given to the objectives (para. 3), the mission recommended that that the computer component of the project includes the following adjus- ments:  -s- A. Since the acquisition process (issuance of bid document, bid . selection, securing export license, delivery, installation and testing) will require nearly eighteen months for the mini/mainframe computers to become operational, the missio·n recommends that a microcomputer classroom equipped with fifteen (li) microcomputers be established for the seven (7) agriculture colleges. At the present, these colleges have no computing faciltiy at all. The recomended micro classroom will allow these colleges to initiate basic compute~training college-wide . perhaps within three months after project initiation. Providing basic computer training is the highest priority objective in these colleges. B. ·Since the East China Hydraulic College and the Nanjing Water · Conservancy Institute are both in the city of Nanjing, and the two . sites are adjacent to each other. Furthermore, both the College and the Institute are under the same Ministry, and the president of the College is also the head of the Institute. It is therefore recommended that the proposed two computing facilities be combined into an upgraded one (upgrade to Group B). This approach has two major advantages: • A single larger facility w!th comparable computing capacities of two smaller facilities will allow sparing of non-hardware costs and therefore lower the total cost (in this case by 30%). • Since many researchers in the Institute also teach at the College and the College professors frequently conduct joint research projects with the Institute, a common computing facility may in fact aid in the sharing of application software and thus foster even greater· academic exchange, which will undoubtedly benefit both the College and the Institute. c. The Shanghai Fisheries College proposed an even smaller mini computer (smaller than the Group A computer). As illustrated earlier, this smaller facility will require larger than 50% non-hardware cost. The mission therefore, recommends that this small mini be replaced by a micro computer classroom, equipped with fifteen micros to fulfill the need for basic computer training for students. Since there are a number of mainframe computers available in the Shanghai area, based on my discus- sions with the staff from the college, it is possible to make use of those computers when needed for advanced study and research work.  -6- D. In my discussions with the staff of project colleges/institutes, . computerizing 'the management of both foreign and chinese litera- . ture is a common requirement. However, none has a .reasonable approach to implement it, particularly the handling of Chinese titles and abstracts. The need is especially acute in the case of the Meteorlogical Data Service Center (MDSC), since it has the role to collect and dissiminate meteorlogical data including information on available literature~ ,_ Therefore, it is 'recomended that a feasibility study be conducted by the MDSC I to develop an approach to computerize the'management of foreign 1 and Chinese literature including a review of existing data ~enters around the world (e.g. ERIC in the U.S.A.) accessible by the Chinese either on-line or off-line, and a survey of available methods and techniques in computerizing the titles and abstracts of Chinese literatures. The study should be carried , ~t mainly :by the staff of MDSC and the local specialists. A 1 small amount of foreign cost (4 staff months) is included in the cost estimate for the use of foreign consultants. The results of the stµdy will pave the way for inclusion of addi- tional computing facilities in future projects. E. It is 1recommended that the following two specialized computer systems be moved to the Undesignated Equipment category: • The satellite data analysis system proposed by the National Institute of Forestry Survey and Planning ($740,000), and • The digital-analog system for the study of underground water behavior and control ($226,000). In both cases, the mission was not in the position to access the potential contribution to the existing techniques. Inclusion of these systems in t~e Undesignated Equipment category will allow the Project Review Commission to ensure their usefulness after the scheduled equipment review ·tour in early 1982. 7. Total Cost Estimate Based on the equipment proposed by the college/institutes, and taking into account th~ adjustments recommended in paragraph 6, the total cost by colleges/institutions and by the projected year of implemention is contained in Table 3. The total foreign cost is approximately $9.8 million.  -1- Table-2 Suumar:y of Foreign Cost ($'000) - Computer Component I Group 1 . - 2' - Year of ImElementation '. p '3 p - 4 s Total .... Micros Others 1. Shenyang Agr Coll 60 469,. 51 116 47 743 2. Nanjing Agr Coll 60 469 51 116 47 743 3~ Central China Agr Coll 60 469 51 116 47 743 4. South China Agr Coll 60 469 51 116 47 743 s. - South Western Agr Coll 60 469 51 116 47 743 6. North Western.Agr Coll 60 42 569 · -51 116 47 885 7. Beijing Forestry Coll _ 60 469 . 51 . . 116 47 743 8. Nanjing Meteorological Coll 897 52 137 58 1144 9. Shanghai Fisheries Coll 60 106 166 10. East China Hydraulic Eng 100 11. Water Conservancy: Nanjing 897 52 137 58 1244 Beijing 354 354 12. Natl Ctr - Forestry 469 51 116 47 743 13. Natl Ctr - Meteorology(MDSC) - 897 52 137 58 1144 14. ; .. ' R. Ctr Animal Husbandrz 4!lr m 30 6M 5'0' 1m sm- 30 W'61 · 15. MDSC - Feasibility Study on 42 42 - Com_ uterization of Foreign and Chinese Meteorological Literature (4SM, 3 trips) ,, "T°o'tal ' ' ; 480 674 654.3" m 'ffi!'"'" 30! ~  -8- 8. Envisioned Phasing of Implementation Implementation of the micro computers and subsequently the .mini/mainframe computers appears to match well with the staff development plan. Figure l aketch indicating that. ,. 1 2 3 4 5 year of implementation TTainin& with Micros Prof. visits Beturn1ng Upgrade · of mini Mini in operation I Adv. Study Master's degree student Returning Doctorial degree student Returning Figure 1. Envisioned Phasing of Implementation • Training students on basic computer languages can begin three months after project initiation • • Toward the end of the first year and continuing through the second year of implementation, staff on professional visits will return, in time to receive the mini computer which is envisioned to go into operation in about eighteen months • • At about the same time as the mini computer goes into operation, staff taking Advanced Study and Masters' degree programs will begin to return in time to make use of the mini/mainframe com- puter.  -9- • After about three and one half years, the planned upgrade of the · mini/mainframe coincides the returning doctoral degree earners. 9. Implementation # Pi i Arrangeme. I f I f n ts I fI I The mission found that adequate arrangements for implementation ° have been made as envisioned below: ' ,. _ • tomputer sites with plenty of space and environmental control equipment (domestic) are either in pr~paration or planned for completion before mid-1983 • • Computer center organizations have been well planned, in par- ticular: (i) the center will be organizationally independent . from specific department or laboratory. Therefore; is well positioned to provide service to the entire college/institute. (ii) full time computer center managers have been d~signated or plan to be designated, thus allow dedicated effort to be placed on the management of the centers. · I • Funded for operational training is n<J'i properly included in the estimates • • Ample emphasis given to staff development with a broad range of computing related studies. These studies include computer applications for agriculturt, bioengieering to agricul- ture-economics, quantitive-genetics engineering etc • . In terms of level of studies, they include seventeen (17) doctorial students, thirty eight (38) master degree, seventy (70) advanced study and thirty-four (34) professional visits. 10. Benefits If the computer component of the project is carried out in full coordination with the staff development plan as described above, the com- puter ' component could yi·e ld the following benefits: • For the project life of 5 years, a total of about 125,000 stu- dents and faculties will have received basic computer applica- tions training • • Some thirty-five (35) advanced courses will be able to include computer aided methodology thus raising the quality of teaching • • Quality and quantity of research work will also be raised with the aid of available computing facilities.  -10- 11. Risks The cost estimates contained in this paper were higher than original estimates made by the project colleges/institutes, which were based on computer hardware only. The increased estimates, which included such essential cost items as software, staff training etc (see Table 1), can not be eliminated or reduced. There .is a tendency on the part of the Project Office to reduce the estimates in order to allow for increase in the acquisition of other equipment. Or by reducing fhe estimate by say 10% from each of the college/institutes, an additional computer facility can be added. These tempting adjustments are dangerous since computer hardware will not perform useful work without· the complimentary resources. C86717/J87084/D476/45 ANNEX 5 Page 1 CHINA PROPOSED AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH PROJECT MISSION REPORT Project Indicators and Targets Indicator 1981 current 1985/85 target 1. Undergraduate enrollment in colleges 18,300 23,363 2. Postgraduate enrollment College 350 1,400 Institutes 50 200 3. Number of graduate degree programs author- ized by State Council (by specialty) Doctoral 10 50 Masters 60 200 4. Enrollment in agricultural economics and farm management (as% of total) (see Annex 2) Undergraduate 5% Postgraduate 0% 5. Percentage of experiments conducted out of total required per college course 60% 85% 6. Library open hours per week 40 100 7. Access of students to library materials no open stacks fully open stacks 8. Staff utilization (expressed in staff: student ratio) 1:3.5 1:6.0 9. Space utiliztion (% utilization) Under 40% Over 60% 10. Diversified staff(% of staff who are grad- uates of the college in which they now teach) 51% 40% 11. Quality of staff % of staff with less education than fourth year students 17% less than 5% % of staff in top three grades under 45 years of age holding: Doctoral degrees 0% (of 1,198) 15% Masters degrees Oi. 23% , C86717 /J87047 /D476/46 ANNEX 5 Page 2 Indicator 1981 current 1985 /85 target 12. Intercollege exchange of students: % of postgraduates who took their undergrad- uate work at another college less than 5% Over 25% 13. Quality of research: % of staff research -published in: Local college journal over 90% under 50% CAAS journals less than 10% over 20% CAS and international journals less than 5% over 15% 14. Attraction of better quality students: % of freshmen admitted with national col- lege entrance scores below 340 (now 297 of 4,237) 7% less than 1% 15. Improved sex ratio: % of freshmen who are female (711 of 4,237) 17% over 25% 16. Consolidation of curriculum (efficiency of academic management): elimination or consolidation of departments or special- ties with fewer than 100 students (now 24 of 64 - see Table 3) 38% less than 10% 17. Basic course in farming systems (see Annex 2) % of students enrolled 0% 80% % of staff development expenditures 0% 20% % of research expenditures less than 1% 20% 18. Number of agriculture teacher education programs 0 5 19. Audiovisual service centers in operation to improve teaching 3 20. Number of colleges delaying student enrollment by specialized field 1 11 until the third year.  C867i7/J87141/D476/47 ANNEX 6 CHINA PROPOSED AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH PROJECT MISSION REPORT Summary of Initial Estimates of Project Costs Category Local Foreign Total Local Foreign Total (Y millions) ------ ---- (US$ millions) Buildin~s Construction 59.0 59.0 _33.7 33.7 Furniture 2.5 2.5 1.4 1.4 • Subtotal 61.5 61.5 35.1 35.1 1 Eguipment Designated · Scientific 41.l 36.5 77 .1 23.5 20.6 44. l · Computers 17.2 17.2 9.8 9.8 Undesignated 9.6 9.6 5.5 5.5 Books 4.9 1.4 5.3 2.8 0.8 3.6 Materials 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.7 Subtotal 47.3 65.8 112.9 27.0 36.7 63.7 Staff Develo~ent Academic training 1.6 21.4 23.0 0.9 12.2 13.1 Management training 0.7 1.4 2.1 0.4 0.8 1.2 Language 3.2 3.2 1.8 1.8 Specialist services Academic 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.6 Management 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.1 Subtotal 2.3 27.1 29.4 1.3 15.5 16.8 Pre2aration of Future Projects 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.0 Base Costs 111.0 93.2 204.2 63.4 53.2 116.6 Contin~encies Physical 5.6 4.7 10.2 3.2 2.7 5.9 Price 11.7 16.6 28.3 6.7 9.5 16.2 Total Project Cost 128.3 114.5 242.7 73.3 65.4 138.7  ANNEX 7 ST ATE AG RI CULTURAL COMMISSION Beijing, People's Republic of China Aide Memo»ire (Draft) Meeting for the Agricultural Education and Research Study 1. The World Bank identification m ission (July,1981) and appraisal mission (Oct , -Nov,1981) ref~r and su~gest that there would be a study on Chinese a gric ultural education and research. 2. After rec e iving the letter from Mr. te~ '..Jeele, Chief, Education Division, Project Department of the World Bank, Chinese agricultural education and research s;tn~ office has considered the proposal. When the Appraisal mission appraises the 17 projects from Oct to Nov,1981, both parts at the same time appoint some pers onnels for exchanging the views 8.nd have al r eady had friendly and preliminary discussion . on irhe two s t m~_ ie s_ • 3. At their preliminary discussion, both parts consider that on the basis of former study made by China herself, it is necessary to have further study in order to accelerate the development of Chinese agricultural education and research work, as well as to strengthen the mutual cooperation. 4. The s tudy will be conducted and coordinated by the · Chinese agricultural education and research ' ':lt.ud.y... office and other Chinese agencies concerned. Chinese side wi11 ·_. be interested in and conscientiously study the suggestions and reference materials provided by the :,Jorld Bank according to Chinese own condition. 5. The further concrete discucsion on how to conduct t his study will be carried on w hen the W orld Bank Reconnai- ssance Mis s ion on Agric~ltural Rese a rch c omes to China in M arch-Aprill, 1982 as Mr. ter Weele suggested.  C86717/J86717/D476/26 .. ANNEX 8 Page 1 CHINA PROPOSED AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH PROJECT MISSION REPORT A. Agricultural Research Study 1. Thorough discussions were held concerning the study of China's . a~ricultural research system that was recommended by the identification mission. (Aide Memoire, July 21, 1981, paragraphs 11 and 14 and Annex 2.) Members of the Research Study Committee (RSC) designated by the State Agri- cultural Commission (SAC) and members of the Bank appraisal mission participated in the discussions. 2. The Term "Study". Bank representatives asked whether the term "study" had any possible unfavorable meaning when translated. Initially, RSC members said it did not and that they understood its meaning. Later, however, it was found that "study" can be translated as "investigation" or as survey". Bank representatives said "survey" would indicate ioore accurately the purpose and the nature of the proposed study, which will hereafter be called survey. 3. The survey will be made. The SAC, through the RSC, has given assurances that the survey will be made. 4. Survey to be conducted by Chinese. The survey will be conducted by staff members of the SAC and institutions affiliated with it. RSC members believe assistance of overseas specialists, with one exception (para. 5), will not be needed. This matter merits further consideration, especially the exploration of alternative ways of meeting the cost of such special assistance where it might be helpful. 5. Bank Agricultural Research Mission. A note entitles, "Proposed Study of Agricultural Research in China" (hereafter called "the note"), was distributed under a memorandum dated September 21, 1981. The note offered a Bank agricultural research mission in March-April 1982, to consult with the SAC on the planning and organization of the survey. In the discussions, RSC members agreed that this mission will be accepted and that, in the meantime, technical data and suggestions from the Bank, based on experience with similar surveys elsewhere, will be welcome. 6. Scope and Outline. Members of the RSC suggested that, in consider- ation of the size and complexity of the research system in China, the survey might be limited to only a few subject matter fields or to only one or a few geographic areas. Bank representatives responded that it is precisely because of the size and complexity of the system that a survey is necessary. C86717/J86836/D476/27 ANNEX 8 Page 2 To provide a full understanding, the survey must include the total system. It was agreed that this matter will be discussed further with the Bank agricultural research mission and that, prior to the mission's visit, the RSC will prepare an estimate of the scope possible within available manpower and funds. The Bank also will prepare an outline of the scope and an estimate of manpower required, prior to the mission visit. In discussing the outline and scope of the study, reference was made to the section in the note headed "Objectives" (paras. 3 and 4). It was agreed that, for the time being and in general terms, the objectives and content described in these paragraphs be accepted and incorporated here by reference. 7. Timetable. Discussion of a schedule for the survey resulted in agreement that it should be. conducted concurrently with the implementation of the project at the 17 institutions. The tentative s~hedule is: Planning, organizing and staffing - Nov. 1981 - Aug. 1982 Carrying out survey - Sept. 1982 - Dec. 1983 Drafting and reviewing report - Jan. 1984 - June 1984 Complete report - July 1984 RSC members said this was acceptable but they would prefer an earlier completion date and believed one could be achieved. 8. Distribution and Use of Report. RSC members said distribution and use of the report of the survey would be related to its scope and content. Inasmuch as these will be discussed in March-April 1982 with the Bank agricultural research mission, it was the consensus that distribution be considered again then. It was agreed that if the SAC is responsible for the survey, it should control distribution of the report but that copies must be provided to the Bank. RSC members noted that distribution of the report would be based in part on prospects for cooperation and assistance. 9. Need for the Survey. It was agreed that the survey is needed; that the results will be useful to the SAC and other government organizations but will be essential in providing understanding for planning and organizing possible future projects with cooperation and support from other nations or from international organizations. B. Agricultural Manpower Study 1. The Aide Memoire of the Identification Mission, which visited China from July 2-27, 1981, recommended that the State Agricultural Commission (SAC) carry out a study on the supply of and requirements for skilled workers, technicians and professional staff in the agricultural sector. Prior to the Appraisal Mission, a discussion paper was prepared by Bank staff and forwarded to SAC officials; this paper made proposals relating to the scope and methodology of the proposed study. C86717/J86717/D476/28 ANNEX 8 Page 3 2. During the appraisal mission, the proposed study was discussed at both general meetings of mission members with SAC officials and at two smaller "technical meetings" devoted solely to a review of the methodology of manpower analysis and to the identification of issues and problems associated with carrying out a manpower study. SAC officials were unanimous in their recognition that the study was important for planning _purposes and should, therefore, be carried out. Mission members emphasized the importance of the study for the identification of future projects. 3. In reviewing the methodology and activities involved in the proposed study, the following issues and problems were identified: (a) Intra-governmental Coordination. The conduct of the study would require the cooperation of a variety of central government units, including the Ministry of Education (MOE) and- the State Statistical Bureau (SSB), and between central government units and Provincial, Prefecture and County levels of government. SAC officials were uncertain of precisely how this cooperation would be achieved and what the specific duties of cooperating units would be. The matter wo~ld require · considerable planning and thought. (b) Selection of Province. Chinese officials agreed that the study should be carried out on a pilot basis in a single province. However, the selection of a province would be a result of negotiations between the SAC and provincial governments. SAC officials remarked that the province selected would probably be one in which one or more of the project assisted colleges or institutes is located. (c) Classification of Occupations. The Government does not possess an occupational classification which is sufficient for a useful survey. The existing classification should be reviewed and improved and this may require technical assistance. (d) Technical Adequacy of Staff. The last manpower study was carried out in 1956 and present staff have neither sufficient training nor experience to carry out the study. It is reported that the SSB itself lack statisticians who are sufficiently trained and experienced in survey design and sampling techniques. Staff training and technical assistance would be required to carry out the study and to establish some institutional compati- bility for manpower analysis. 3. Recommendations (a) Prior to the postappraisal mission, the Government should identify the province in which the study will be carried out. Also, prior to the postappraisal mission, the Government should C86717/J86717/D476/29 ANNEX 8 Page 4 form a committee of senior technicians drawn from the SAC, the SSB, the MOE and, possibly, the State Planning Commission who will be responsible for planning and, later, overseeing the study. (b) The members of this committee should be prepared to have tech- nical discussions in Beijing with experts assigned to the post- appraisal mission. An objective of the postappraisal mission will be to outline a schedule of activities leading to the completion of the study (see attached .c l).art). (c) The Bank appraisal mission promised to send to the SAC materials which might be useful in improving the occupational classifica- igning . the study. tion and in des_ C86717/J87O74/D476/51-52 SCHEME OF INITIAL ACTIVITIES FOR AN AGRICULTURAL MANPOWER STUDY Before Post-Appraisal During Post-Appraisal During July, August, Mission Mission B}'_ June 1982 Se.e_tember 1981 I !Training of professional 1->lteam staff by technical I !assistants I I I ----------- 1 I I I I I I I Select province I I Identify tasks which must I I Form professional team I I I I I I lbe performed and associated! Ito carry out study. I I !Upgrading of occupational! !Determine cooperation I !staffing requirements I !The team should include!· I !classification using I !required among govern-1--->I 1--->la statistician, an 1--->ltechnical assistance I I ment units and es tab- I I Identify training and tech-I Iagricultural educator, I I I 1 I I lish a supervisory I lnical assistance needs I la manpower economist I I I committee I I I land their provincial I I 1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 !Formulate timetable I !counterparts I I I I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I 1->I Design of study I I I- - - - - - - - - - -· I I I 1->IStudy tour to Romania, !Yugoslavia, ILO and FAO I ------------ "di> : ij ID t%j I.JI :,c: 0)