Niger - Livestock Project : Credit 0885 - Development Credit Agreement - Conformed

CONFORMED COPY CREDIT NUMBER 885 NIR Development Credit Agreement (Livestock Project) between REPUBLIC OF NIGER and INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Dated April 27, 1979 CREDIT NUMBER 885 NIR DEVELOPMENT CREDIT AGREEMENT AGREEMENT, dated April 27, 1979, between REPUBLIC OF NIGER (hereinafter called the Borrower) and INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (hereinafter called the Association). WHEREAS (A) the Borrower has requested the Association to assist in the financing of the Project described in Schedule 2 to this Agreement by extending the Credit as hereinafter provided; (B) by letter addressed by the Association to Minister of Planning of the Borrower on April 10, 1978 the Association granted an advance to the Borrower totalling $80,000 for the preparation of the Project described in Schedule 2 to this Agreement; (C) pursuant to the terms of said advance the aggregate amount thereof is to be refunded to the Association out of the proceeds of the Credit provided for in this Agreement; and WHEREAS the Association has agreed, on the basis inter alia of the foregoing, to extend the Credit to the Borrower upon the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth; NOW THEREFORE the parties hereto hereby agree as follows: ARTICLE I General Conditions; Definitions Section 1.01. The parties to this Agreement accept all the provisions of the General Conditions Applicable to Development Credit Agreements of the Association, dated March 15, 1974, with the same force and effect as if they were fully set forth herein (said General Conditions Applicable to Development Credit Agreements of the Association being hereinafter called the Gen- eral Conditions). Section 1.02. Wherever used in this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires, the several terms defined in the General Conditions have the respective meanings therein set forth and the following additional terms have the following meanings: (a) "Project Area" means the provinces of Maradi, Zinder and Diffa; -2- (b) "Project Unit" means the unit referred to in Section 3.01 (b) of this Agreement; and (c) "Project Account" means the account referred tp in Section 3.01 (c) of this Agreement. ARTICLE II The Credit Section 2.01. The Association agrees to lend to the Borrower, on the terms and conditions in the Development Credit Agreement set forth or referred to, an amount in various currencies equiva- lent to twelve million dollars ($12,000,000). Section 2.02. (a) The amount of the Credit may be withdiawn from the Credit Account in accordance with the provisions of this Section and of Schedule 1 to this Agreement, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time by agreement between the Borrower and the Association, for expenditures made (or, if the Association shall so agree, to be made) in respect of the reasonable cost of goods and services required for the Project and to be financed out of the proceeds of the Credit. (b) Promptly after the Effective Date, the Association shall, on behalf of the Borrower, withdraw from the Credit Account and pay to itself the amount required to repay the principal amount of the advance referred to in the preamble to this Agree- ment withdrawn and outstanding as of such date and to pay any unpaid charges thereon. Any unwithdrawn balance of the authorized amount of such advance shall automatically be cancelled on the same date. Section 2.03. Except as the Association shall otherwise agree, procurement of the goods and civil works to be financed out of the proceeds of the Credit, shall be governed by the provisions of Schedule 3 to this Agreement. Section 2.04. The Closing Date shall be March 31, 1985 or such later date as the Association shall establish. The Association shall promptly notify the Borrower of such later date. Section 2.05. The Borrower shall pay to the Association a service charge at the rate of three-fourths of one per cent - 3 - (3/4 of 1%) per annum on the principal amount of the Credit withdrawn and outstanding from time to time. Section 2.06. Service charges shall be payable semiannually on January 1 and July 1 in each year. Section 2.07. The Borrower shall repay the principal amount of the Credit in semiannual installments payable on each January 1 and July 1 commencing July 1, 1989, and ending January 1, 2029, each installment to and including the installment payable on January 1, 1999, to be one-half of one per cent (1/2 of 1%) of such principal amount, and each installment thereafter to be one and (%le-half per cent (1-1/2%) of such principal amount. Section 2.08. The currency of the French Republic is hereby specified for the purposes of Section 4.02 of the General Condi- tions. ARTICLE III Execution of the Project Section 3.01. (a) The Borrower shall carry out the Project through the Project Unit with due diligence and efficiency and in conformity with appropriate administrative, financial, technical and sociological practices, and shall provide, promptly as needed, the funds, facilities, services and other resources required for the purpose. (b) Pursuant to paragraph (a) of this Section, the Borrower shall establish the Project Unit within the Livestock Department of its Ministry of Rural Development, with such staff and duties as are described in Schedule 4 to this Agreement. The Chief of the Pastoral Activities Section and the Chief of the Commercial and Administrative Sections of the Project Unit shall be employed under terms and conditions satisfactory to the Borrower and the Association. (c) The Borrower shall open and maintain, in the name of the Project Unit, a special Project Account in the Development Bank of the Republic of Niger at Zinder and shall replenish such Account quarterly with such amounts as shall be necessary to meet expen- ditures on the Project during the following quarter. Section 3.02. In order to assist the Borrower in conducting large-scale smallstock vaccine tests, identifying pastoral units, defining and reviewing the effectiveness of training methods, monitoring of animal health and productivity activities,, and preparing a follow-up project, the Borrower shall employ consul- tants whose qualifications, experience and terms and conditions of employment shall be satisfactory to the Association. Section 3.03. (a) The Borrower undertakes to insure, or make adequate provision for the insurance of, the imported goods to be financed out of the proceeds of the Credit against hazards incident to the acquisition, transportation and delivery thereof to the place of use or installation, and for such insurance any indemnity shall be payable in a currency freely usable by the Borrower to replace or repair such goods. (b) Except as the Association shall otherwise agree, the Borrower shall cause all goods and services financed out of the proceeds of the Credit to be used exclusively for the Project. Section 3.04. (a) The Borrower shall furnish to the Associa- tion, promptly upon their preparation, the plans, specifications, reports, contract documents and work and procurement schedules for the Project, and any material modifications thereof or additions thereto, in such detail as the Association shall reasonably request. (b) The Borrower: (i) shall maintain records and proce- dures adequate to record and monitor the progress of the Project (including its cost and the benefits to be derived from it), to identify the goods and services financed out of the proceeds of the Credit, and to disclose their use in the Project; (ii) shall enable the Association 's accredited representatives to visit the facilities and construction sites included in the Project and to examine the goods financed out of the proceeds of the Credit and any relevant records and documents; and (iii) shall furnish to the Association at regular intervals all such information as ti: Association shall reasonably request concerning the Project, its cost and, where appropriate, the benefits to be derived from it, the expenditure of the proceeds of the Credit and the goods and services financed out of such proceeds. (c) Promptly after completion of the Project, but in any event not later than six months after the Closing Date or such later date as may be agreed for this purpose between the Borrower and the Association, the Borrower shall prepare and furnish to the Association a report, of such scope and in such detail as the Association shall reasonably request, on the execution and initial operation of the Project, its cost and the benefits derived and to be derived from it, the performance by the Borrower and the Association of their respective obligations under the Development Credit Agreement and the accomplishment of the purposes of the Credit. Section 3.05. In order to carry out Part A of the Project, the Borrower shall: (a) make explicit budgetary provisions for the purchase of vaccines against rinderpest, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, pasteurellosis, anthrax and blackleg, for use throughout the Project Area during the carrying out of the Project; (b) ensure that tests of new vaccines for smallstock be approved by the Association; and (c) cause anti-parasite drugs, vitamins and feed supplements to be sold throughout the Project Area at prices sufficient to cover their costs of purchase, delivery and distribution. Section 3.06. For the purpose of carrying out Part B of the Project, the Borrower shall, by December 31, 1979 take all legis- lative and administrative steps necessary to authorize the estab- lishment of associations of pastoralists pursuant to authorized charters, a model of which shall have been approved by the Bor- rower and the Association, setting forth their rights and obliga- tions, including exclusive rights to the use of watering points. Section 3.07. (a) The final design of each pastoral center to be established under Part B of the Project and the selection of its site, shall be approved by the Association prior to the commencement of any work thereon. (b) Except with the prior approval of the Association, no pastoral center shall be established under Part B of the Project until there exists duly constituted associations of pastoralists to be served by such center. Section 3.08. No new wells shall be financed under Part C of the Project unless a duly constituted association of pastoralists in an identified pastoral unit with sufficient grazing resources - 6 - has undertaken to provide all the necessary unskilled labor for the digging of the well. Section 3.09. The final designs for the markets at ZindeF and Maradi to be constructed under Part E of the Project, shall be furnished to the Association for its approval prior to the com- mencement of construction thereon. Section 3.10. In carrying out Part F of the Project, the Borrower shall cause its National Agricultural Credit Bank (CNCA) to charge interest on its loans for cattle and sheep fattening calculated over the exact term of the loan. Section 3.11. The Borrower shall cause the Director of the Livestock Department, by July 31 of each year, to furnish to the Association for its approval the proposed work program and budget for the carrying out of the Project for the coming fiscal year. Section 3.12. The Borrower shall cause the Manager of the Project Unit to establish by September 30, 1979 a reporting system and, by March 31, 1980, a Project monitoring system, each satis- factory to the Association. Section 3.13. The Borrower shall ensure that its Rural Engineering Department provide the Project Unit with all necessary support services for defining specifications and conducting appropriate site surveys. Section 3.14. In carrying out the program of credits compris- ing Part D of the Project, the Borrower shall ensure (a) that the members of associations of pastoralists to receive the credits are selected by provincial credit approval committees composed of a representative of the Project Unit, the Provincial Livestock Officer concerned and the Credit Officer of the Project Unit from nominees of such associations; (b) that credits for backgrounding cover 80% of the purchase price of up to 10 immature males, and be repayable within 24 months at 9.5% per year interest plus the premium for the mortal- ity guarantee fund, and would be fully guaranteed in writing by the nominating association; ani (c) that credits for constituting optimum breeding herds be made in kind and be repayable at zero interest over seven years including a one-year grace period; such credits shall be made only -7- to destitute members of associations of pastoralists and would be fully guaranteed by the nominating association through a written commitment supported by a 10% cash deposit. Section 3.15. For the purpose of providing under Parts A and C of the Project veterinary supplies, food stocks and human health equipment, the Borrower shall cause the Project Unit to maintain for the purchase of such goods revolving funds comprising the proceeds of the sales thereof and such additional funds as the Borrower shall furnish as and when necessary for such purchases. ARTICLE IV Other Covenants Section 4.01. The Borrower shall cause the Project Unit: (a) to maintain records, including the Project Account, adequate to reflect in accordance with consistently maintained appropriate accounting practices its operations and financial condition including, without limitation to the foregoing, separate accounts reflecting all expenditures for the Project; (b) to retain, until one year after the Closing Date, all records (orders, invoices, bills, receipts and other documents) evidencing the expenditures for the Project on account of which withdrawals are requested from the Credit Account on the basis of certificates of expenditures; and (c) to enable the Association's accredited representatives to examine such records. Section 4.02. The Borrower shall cause the Project Unit to: (a) have its accounts, including the Project Account, and financial statements (statements of income and expenses and related statements) for each fiscal year audited, in accordance with appropriate auditing principles consistently applied, by independent auditors acceptable to the Association; (b) furnish to the Association as soon as available, but in any case not later than six months after the end of each such year: (i) certified copies of its financial statements for such year as so audited; and (ii) the report of such audit by said auditors, of such scope and in such detail as the Association shall have reasonably requested, including, without limitation to the foregoing, separate opinions by said auditors: (A) on the Project Account referred to in Section 3.01 (c) of this Agree- ment; and (B) in respect of the expenditures and records referred - 8 - to in Section 4.01 (b) of this Section, as to whether the proceeds of the Credit made available to the Project Unit -.nd withdrawn from the Credit Account on the basis of certificates of expendi- tures have been used to make payments for goods receiveq, or works or services performed, and that such goods, works and services were eligible for financing under this Agreement and were used in the carrying out of the Projecc; and (c) furnish to the Association such other information concerning the accounts and financial statements of the Project Unit and the audit thereof as the Association shall from time to time reasonably request. Section 4.03. The Borrower shall cause the Project Unit to take out and maintain with responsible insurers, or to make other provision satisfactory to the Association for, insurance against such risks and in such amounts as shall be consistent with appropriate practice. ARTICLE V Effective Date; Termination Section 5.01. The following events are specified as addi- tional conditions to the effectiveness of the Development Credit Agreement within the meaning of Section 12.01 (b) of the General Conditions: (a) the Borrower has deposited an initial amount of CFAF 150 million in the Project Account; and (b) the Manager of the Project Unit and the Chiefs of the Pastoral Activities and Commercial and Administrative Sections of the Project Unit have been appointed. Section 5.02. The date July 27, 1979, is hereby specified for the purposes of Section 12.04 of the General Conditions. ARTICLE VI Representatives of the Borrower; Addresses Section 6.01. The Minister of the Borrower responsible for Planning is designated as representative of the Borrower for the purposes of Section 11.03 of the General Conditions. -9- Section 6.02. The following addresses are specified for the purposes of Section 11.01 of the General Conditions: For the Borrower: Ministere du Plan B.P. 862 Niamey, Niger Cable address: Telex: MINIPLAN 5230 CND Niamey For the Association: International Development Association 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 United States of America Cable address: Telex: INDEVAS 440098 (ITT) Washington, D.C. 248423 (RCA) or 64145 (WUI) IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto, acting through their representatives thereunto duly authorized, have caused this Agreement to be signed in their respective names in the District of Columbia, United States of America, as of the day and year first above written. REPUBLIC OF NIGER By Is/ Andre Joseph Wright Authorized Representative INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION By Is! Roger Chaufournier Regional Vice President Western Africa - 10 - SCHEDULE 1 Withdrawal of the Proceeds of the Credit 1. The table below sets forth the Categories of items to be financed out of the proceeds of the Credit, the allocation of the amounts of the Credit to each Category and the percentage of expenditures for items so to be financed in each Category: Amount of the Credit Allocated % of (Expressed in Expenditures Category Dollar Equivalent) to be Financed (1) Civil works 3,800,000 100% (2) Vehicles and 1,300,000 100% equipment (3) Incremental 1,300,000 100% stocks of drugs, feed supplements, human health supplies, new vaccines, food (4) Credits for cattle 450,000 100% of amounts breeding and back- disbursed grounding (5) Consultants' 1,070,000 100% services and expatriate staff (6) Salaries of local 1,000,000 65% Project staff (7) Operating costs 1,200,000 65% of Project Unit (except salaries) - 11 - Amount of the Credit Allocated % of (Expressed in Expenditures Category Dollar Equivalent) to be Financed (8) Refunding of 80,000 Amount outstand- Project Prepara- ing at Effective tion Advance Date (9) Unallocated 1,800,000 TOTAL 12,000,000 2. The disbursement percentages have been calculated in com- pliance with the policy of the Association that no proceeds of the Credit shall be disbursed on account of payments for taxes levied by, or in the territory of, the Borrower on goods or services, or on the importation, manufacture, procurement or supply thereof; to that end, if th- amount of any such taxes levied on or in respect of any item to be financed out of the proceeds of the Credit decreases or increases, the Association may, by notice to the Borrower, increase or decrease the disbursement percentage then applicable to such item as required to be consistent with the aforementioned policy of the Association. 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 above, no withdrawals shall be made in respect of payments made for expendi- tures prior to the date of this Agreement. 4. Notwithstanding the allocation of an amount of the Credit or the disbursement percentages set forth in the table in para- graph 1 above, if the Association has reasonably estimated that the amount of the Credit then allocated to any Category will be insuffi-ient to finance the agreed percentage of all expenditures in tha' Category, the Association may, by notice to the Borrower: (i) reallocate to such Category, to the extent required to meet the estimated shortfall, proceeds of the Credit which are then allocated to another Category and which in the opinion of the Association are not needed to meet other expenditures; and (ii) if such reallocation cannot fully meet the estimated shortfall, reduce the disbursement percentage then applicable to such expen- ditures in order that further withdrawals under such Category may continue until all expenditures thereunder shall have been made. - 12 - 5. If the Association shall have reasonably determined that the procurement of any item in any Category is inconsistent with the procedures set forth or referred to in this Agreement, no expenditures for such item shall be financed out of the proreeds of the Credit and the Association may, without in any way restric- ting or limiting any other right, power or remedy of the Associ- ation under the Development Credit Agreement, by notice to the Borrower, cancel such amount of the Credit as, in the Associ- ation's reasonable opinion, represents the amount of such expendi- tures which would otherwise have been eligible for financing out of the proceeds of the Credit. - 13 - SCHEDULE 2 Description of the Project The Project is designed to increase livestock productivity both in the pastoral and cropping zones, to obtain pastoralists' participation in efforts to improve management of their animal, water and pasture resources, to broaden the field of competence of the Livestock Department and to increase and improve cattle and sheep fattening by smallholders in the cropping zone. The Project, to be implemented in the Project Area over five years, includes the following Parts: Part A: Procurement and distribution of drugs, feed supplements and new vaccines; Part B: Delineation of pastoral units based on traditional land-use patterns; formation and recognition of associ- ations of pastoralists; and construction and operation of five pastoral centers which would each serve several associations of pastoralists; Part C: Provision of services to associations of pastoralists, including animal health supplies and advice on animal husbandry and range-management techniques; selective extension of stock-watering points; in the five pastoral centers the services also include the provision of food stocks, and, through staff of the Ministry of Health stationed at the pastoral centers, training the supply of equipment for human health. Part D: Provision of credits for; (1) backgrounding of immature steers; and (2) constituting breeding herds; Part E: Extension of the existing animal health and marketing infrastructure by; (1) construction of offices for the Project Unit at Zinder and for the Livestock Department at Diffa, of 11 veterinary posts and of 20 vaccination yards; (2) improvements to two main, six secondary and 13 small markets; (3) construction of two small improved abbattoirs; (4) marking out of seven stock routes; and (5) rehabilitation of slaughter slabs; Part F: Provision of credits for, and advice on, cattle and sheep fattening by smallholders; - 14 - Part G: Procurement of vehicles and equipment for the Livestock Department; and Part H: Preparation of future livestock project. The Project is expected to be completed by September 30, 1984. - 15 - SCHEDULE 3 Procurement A. International Competitive Bidding 1. Except as provided in Parts B and D hereof, goods and civil works shall be procured under contracts awarded in accordance with procedures consistent with those set forth in the "Guidelines for Procurement under World Bank Loans and IDA Credits" published by the Bank in March 1977 (hereinafter called the Guidelines), on the basis of international competitive bidding as described in Part A of the Guidelines. 2. For goods and works to be procured on the basis of inter- national competitive bidding, in addition to the requirements of paragraph 1.2 of the Guidelines, the Borrower shall prepare and forward to the Association as soon as possible, and in any event not later than 60 days prior to the date of availability to the public of the first tender or prequalification documents relating thereto, as the case may be, a general procurement notice, in such form and detail and containing such information as the Association shall reasonably request; the Association will arrange for the publication of such notice in order to provide timely notification to prospective bidders of the opportunity to bid for the goods and works in question. The Borrower shall provide the necessary information to update such notice annually so long as any goods or works remain to be procured on the basis of international compe- titive bidding. 3. For the purpose of evaluation and comparison of bids for the supply of goods to be procured on the basis of international competitive bidding; (i) bidders shall be required to state in their bid the c.i.f. (port of entry) price for imported goods, or the ex-factory price for domestically manufactured goods; (ii) customs duties and other import taxes on imported goods, and sales and similar taxes on domestically supplied goods, shall be excluded; and (iii) the cost to the Borrower of inland freight and other expenditures incidental to the delivery of goods to the place of their use or installation shall be included. B. Other Procurement Procedures 1. Contracts estimated to value less than $50,000 equivalent may be procured on the basis of com.)etitive bidding advertised locally following applicable local procedures. - 16 - 2. Contracts estimated to value less than $10,000 equivalent may be negotiated following solicitation of quotations. C. Review of Procurement Decisions by the Association 1. Review of invitations to bid and of proposed awards and final contracts: With respect to all contracts estimated to cost the equiv- alent of $50,000 or more: (a) Before bids are invited, the Borrower shall furnish to the Association, for its comments, the text of the invitations to bid and the specifications and other bidding documents, together with a description of the advertising procedures to be followed for the bidding, and shall make such modifications in the said documents or procedures as the Association shall reasonably request. Any further modification to the bidding documents shall require the Association's concurrence before it is issued to the prospective bidders. (b) After bids have been received and evaluated, the Borrower shall, before a final decision on the award is made, inform the Association of the name of the bidder to which it intends to award the contract and shall furnish to the Associ- ation, in sufficient time for its review, a detailed report, by the Project Unit, on the evaluation and comparison of the bids received, together with its recommendations for award and such other information as the Association shall reasonably request. The Association shall, if it determines that the intended award would be inconsistent with the Guidelines or this Schedule, promptly inform the Borrower and state the reasons for such determination. (c) The terms and conditions of the contract shall not, without the Association's concurrence, materially differ from those on which bids were asked or prequalification invited. (d) Two conformed copies of the contract shall be furnished to the Association promptly after its execution and prior to the submission to the Association of the first application for withdrawal of funds from the Credit Account in respect of such contract. 2. With respect to each contract not governed by the preceding paragraph, the Borrower shall furnish to the Association, promptly - 17 - after its execution and prior to the submission to the Association of the first apnlication for withdrawal of funds from the Credit Account in respect of such contract, two conformed copies of such cont:act, together with the analysis of the respective bids, recommendations for award and such other information as the Association shall reasonably request. The Association shall, if it determines that the award of the contract was not consistent with the Guidelines or this Schedule, promptly inform the Borrower and state the reasons for such determination. 3. Before agreeing to any material modification or waiver of the terms and conditions of a contract, or granting an exten- sion of the stipulated time for performance of such contract, or issuing any change order under such contract (except in cases of extreme urgency) which would increase the cost of the contract by more than 10% of the original price, the Borrower shall inform the Association of the proposed modification, waiver, extension or change order and the reasons therefor. The Association, if it determines that the proposal would be inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, shall promptly inform the Borrower and state the reasons for its determination. D. Procurement Without Contracting 1. The wells included in Part C of the Project will be construc- ted by the Office des Eaux du Sous-sol pursuant to a contract containing terms and conditions satisfactory to the Borrower and the Association. 2. Vaccines will be supplied by the Livestock Laboratory of the National Agricultural Research Institute. - 18 - SCHEDULE 4 Responsibilities and Qualifications of Key Personnel 1. Project Manager 1.1 The Project Manager would be responsible for the technical, financial and economic success of the Project. He wojld be speci- fically responsible for: (a) preparing annual work programs and budgets; (b) establishing a reporting system and preparing periodic and annual progress reports; (c) obtaining the issuance of legal instruments governing the rights and obligations of associations of pastoral- ists; (d) coordinating the participation of the Ministry of Health, the National Food Marketing Agency (OPVN), the National Agricultural Credit Bank (CNCA), the National Cooperative and Credit Organization (UNCC), the Ground- water Development Agency (OFEDES), and the Community Development Department in Project activities, through his attendance as a full member of the three Provincial Technical Committees; (e) coordinating Project activities with other interventions in the livestock sector in or of relevance to the project area; (f) preparing a follow-up livestock project. 1.2 The qualifications and experience of the Project Manager would be: (a) a postgraduate degree (or its equivalent), preferably in agriculture or veterinary science; (b) actual experience or an indicated potential as a leader able to coordinate the activities of a team and/or different agencies; - 19 - (c) field experience in working with pastoral peoples indicating a capacity for gaining their confidence; (d) general management skills including preferably some familiarity with credit in the rural sector. 2. Chief of the Animal Husbandry Section 2.1 Under the direction of the Project Manager, he would be responsible for: (a) promoting increased use of drugs and feed supplements, arranging for training of paraveterinary workers to be undertaken by Livestock Department staff, and teaching staff how to give that training, and reviewing the effectiveness of trainees; (b) improving the quality of advice given to cattle fat- teners and initiating the provision of credit and sound advice to sheep fatteners; (c) improving the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns through provision of equipment in good working order and through better communication between staff and livestock producers; (d) designing, monitoring and improving the animal husbandry and range management advice to be given to all associa- tions of pastoralists; (e) improving the quality of market statistics and supervis- ing data-gathering for all project studies. 2.2 The qualifications and experience of the Animal Husbandry Section Chief would be: (a) a postgraduate degree (or its equivalent), preferably in animal production; (b) field experience in working with pastoral and sedentary peoples, preferably in the Project Area, indicating a capacity for gaining their confidence; (c) willingness to work in the field away from Project headquarters for an average of 15 days per month; - 20 - (d) some familiarity with range management theory and practice; (e) proven capability to guide and motivate lower-Level staff. 3. Chief of the Pastoral Activities Section 3.1 Under the direction of the Project Manager, he would be responsible for: (a) identifying pastoral units, including sites for new wells, and engaging consultants to assist him in that task; (b) constituting associations of pastoralists and training Livestock Department staff in that task; (c) selecting sites for pastoral centers and supervising the operation of such centers; (d) undertaking an ethnoveterinary inventory and preparing a manual for use in training paraveterinary workers; (e) supervising the setting up and operation of credit schemes for breeding and backgrounding. 3.2 The qualifications and experience of the Pastoral Activities Sector Chief would be: (a) an appropriate university degree (or its equivalent); (b) field experience in working with pastoral peoples, preferably in the project area, indicating a capacity for gaining their confidence; (c) willingness to work in the field away from Project headquarters for an average of 15 days per month; (d) a good knowledge of French and at least one local language. - 21 - 4. Credit Officer 4.1 Under the direction of the Chief of the Pastoral Activities Section, he would be responsible for: (a) explaining to associations of pastoralists the two new forms of credit and the guarantees to be put up; (b) designing credit processing forms, the accounting systems and repayment mechanisms; (c) preparing illustrative budgets for potential loan recipients; (d) supervising the acquisition and marking of animals acquired on credit; (e) setting up and servicing, as secretary and full member, each provincial loan approval committee. 4.2 The qualifications and experience of the credit officer would be: (a) actual experience or an indicated potential as an innovator; (b) field experience in working with pastoral people, preferably in the project area, indicating a capacity for gaining their confidence; (c) willingness to work in the field away from Project headquarters for an average of 15 days per month; (d) actual experience in operating a credit scheme in the rural sector. 5. Chief of the Commercial and Administrative Section 5.1 Under the direction of the Project Manager, he would be responsible for: (a) setting up detailed accounts and a consolidated project account and control of bookkeeping; - 22 - (b) preparing detailed annual budgets and quarterly cash flow projections; (c) designing and implementing sound internal and managpment controls particularly with regard to equipment mainte- nance, stocks and receipts, and vehicle operating costs; (d) processing of tender documents and other procurement papers; (e) preparing applications for withdrawal from the Credit Account; (f) assisting the credit officer in setting up accounting procedures for the new forms of credit; (g) follow-up of auditors' recommendations. 5.2 The qualifications and experience of the Commercial and Administrative Section Chief would be: (a) a university degree (or its equivalent) or membership in a recognized professional body evidencing formal knowledge of modern accounting theory and practice in accordance with generally accepted international stan- dards; (b) five years professional experience, preferably in a country using the OCAM or French accounting plans and some of which in a commercial enterprise; (c) actual experience with procurement, preferably with civil works as well as supplies; (d) a good knowledge of French.