The city study : the available data

oo6 Urban and Regional Report No. 79-6 N THE CITY STUDY : THE AVAILABLE DATA VOLUME I O Nelson Valverde June, 1978 This report was prepared under the auspices of the City Study Research Project (RPO 671-47) as City Study Project Paper No. 1. The views reported here are those of the author, and they should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the World Bank or its affiliated organizations. This report is being circulated to stimulate discussion and comment. Urban and Regional Economics Division Development Economics Department Development Policy Staff The World Bank Washington, D.C. 20433 긔 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Preface and Acknowledgements I. INTRODUCTION ................... Ii. DATA ORGANIZATION ................. 3 (1) Phase Two ......................................... 4 (a) The Household Survey ........... 4 (b) The Transport Survey 6 (c) The Economic Conditions Survey ............... 9 (2) 1964 Population Census Sample ... 12 (3) 1973 Population Census Sample .... 13 (4) Building Permits ................................... 17 (5) Industrial Directory 18 '6) Labor Force ....................... 21 (a) The 1972 Survey 23 (b) The 1975 Survey 25 (c) The 1977 Survey 28 (7) Crime Sur-iey 30 (8) 1970 Economic Census 33 (a) Small Establishments 35 (b) Large Commerce and Services ....... 36 (c) Large Industry 37 (9) Social Security Records ........ 00000000*0000000000 39 (10) 1972 Consumption and Consumer Finance Survey ...... 41 III. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .......... 43 IV. APPENDIX 1: Tape Directory - Technical Memorandum V. APPENDIX 2: Data Documentation VI. APPENDIX 3: Frequency Distributions Preface and Acknowledgements Perhaps the first, and certainly one of the most important, requirement for a research endeavor is the availability of high quality data. Research work is greatly facilitated whenever data is collected in a uniform, systematic matter. Moreover, the need and usefulness of documen- tation that explains what the data contain, why it was collected, how it could be used, where it can be found, and whether similar data sets are consistant among themselves can easily be underestimated. Preparing data documentation is a task that is often underplayed, even though it does not usually present many difficulties. This documentation has been prepared primarily for research staff at the World Bank and in Colombia who are working on the City Study. Copies of these data sets must be obtained from the collecting agencies and not from the World Bank. This documentation should, however, facilitate research work using this data and indicate the range of data that has been collected in some countries. The development and final form of this paper owe a great deal to Gregory Ingram; I would like to thank him for his guidance, and editorial suggestions. I am also indebted to Mark Snyderman and Allan Carroll for their assistance in preparing the appendices, and to Kyu Sik Lee and Raskesh Mohan for their comments and suggestions. Ofelia Miranda, Mary Ann Heraud, Anita Economides, and the anonymous typists at the "K" word processing unit typed several drafts of this paper. Their efforts are greatly appreciated. I. INTRODUCTION As stated in its research proposal, I/ the main objective of the City Study is to develop economic tools that can be used to estimate the economic and spatial impacts of policy interventions in LDC urban centers using Bogota, Colombia as a case 'study. The research will not design an urbanization program; rather it intends to develop techniques to estimate impacts of policy interventions for the purposes of planning, project de- velopment and project evaluation, and to test hypotheses about the deter- minants of patterns of urban development. This framework requires micro-economic data describing the behavior and decisions of individuals, households, establishments, and firms rather than macro-economic data. Furthermore, within the micro-economic data, the study's main focus is on the recent changes and present spatial patterns within five major areas: housing, transport, employment location, labor force, and public sector. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive, uniform, and systematic description of the available data. The main body of the paper outlines the type, origin, coverage, purpose when collected, limitations, possible uses, and general contents of the data base. Appendices contain more specialized information: Appendix 1, Tape Directory-Technical Memorandum, contains technical information required for accessing and utilizing the data files, such as name of the file, mnemonic device used, logical record length, block-size, and number of records in the file. Appendix 2, Data Documentation, 1/ "A proposal to Undertake a City Study, Bogota Colombia" Urban and Regional Economics Division, Development Economics Department, The World Bank, June 17, 1977. -2- contains the name, format, and definition for each variable in all data files. Appendix 3, Frequency Distributions, contains a one-way frequency distribution for all variables in all files. Although the standardization and classification of the data base has been done with the utmost care to insure transferability, consistency, and complementarity of each data file, the user must be warned that dif- ferent sample units, expansion factors, sample sizes, and formats are encountered throughout the data. In addition, the user should also be aware of possible inadequate translations, misinterpretation of the real meaning of a variable name, and faulty codification of source variables. To the extent possible, these problems have been eliminated, but some undoubtedly remain. To facilitate the use of the information available in this data base file characteristics have been summarized in two tables at the end of the paper. Table 3 contains a cross-reference matrix that highlights the available variables, by affinity groups, in each data file. It could be used for quick references prior to the use of the detailed Appendix 1. Table 4 provides the input format for each data file. MY~' - -3- II. Data Organization' The data could have been organized according to the following criteria: (a) by date of collection, (b) by collecting agency, (c) by unit of observation or (d) by subject. At first glance, it would seem that these first three criteria are equally satisfactory in providing a classification. For our own use, however, and also in order to minimize confusion, the data are organized by their close relationship to either a particular subject, or a particular data collection effort. Organizing the data by a mixture of criteria is justified because it minimizes sample unit and data format variations. Accordingly, the data are divided in ten groups: (1) Bogota Urban Development Study Phase II; hereafter simply Phase Two. (2) 1964 Population Census Sample. (3) 1973 Population Census Sample. (4) Building Permits. (5) Industrial Directory. (6) Household Labor Force Surveys, hereafter simply Labor Force. (7) Mojica's Bogota Crime Survey, hereafter simply Crime Survey. (8) 1970 Economic Census. (9) Social Security Records. (10) 1972 Consumption and Consumer Finance Survey. 0 -4- (1) Phase Two The Bogota Urban Development Study - Phase II, which was carried out between 1971 ad 1972, was requested by the government of Colombia, funded by the UNDP and administered by the World Bank. Its main objective was to "indicate the ways and means whereby a more attractive, more conven- ient and more efficient city could be provided in environmental, social and economic terms for all inhabitants." 1/ To achieve this, the study used two principal data sources: first, the DANE 1970 Economic Census, which we will detail later on; and second a series of distinct surveys taken in 1972 under the direction of Consultecnicos, Ltd. of Bogota encompassing three areas: (a) households, (b) transport, and (c) economic conditions. (a) The Household Survey The household survey is oriented primarily toward demographic and housing information, but it also includes questions related to type and location of employment. For simplicity and also in order to economize computer resources, the study divided the household survey in three data sets: (a) The Households Set (files HOGARIRE and HOGAR1ZB) containing a sample of 4,675 households; (b) The Persons Set (files HOGAR2TR and HOGAR2RE) containing a sample of 26,515 persons; and (c) The Trips Set (files VIAJESRE and VIAJESZO) containing a sample of 15,315 trips. Variables in the Household Set include residence zone; number of households per dwelling unit; social stratum; housing type, use, quality, age, 11 Republic of Colombia, UNDP, IBRD. "Bogota Urban Development Study - Phase II", Draft Final Report, vol 1, September, 1973, p. 1. -5- tenancy; number of rooms used by the household; availability of water, garbage collection, electricity, sewer, telephone, and vehicular access- ability; distance to closest bus route; detailed list of recent improvements made to dwelling as well as importance of factors in.choosing current location; type of hogar (single family, multifamily, domestics, etc.); year of hogar formation; year of move; rent/amortization; information on previous location of household (department, municipio, land, barrio, vivienda type, and tenancy); vehicle accessibility (cars, trucks, bicycles-kept at home, and elsewhere); family, and household head income; number of persons and workers in household; demographic data on head of household (sex, age, marital status, educational level, length of residence in Bogota, department and municipio of birth, department, municipio, and cabecera municipal of residence outside Bogota); employment of head (hours/week worked, condition of employment, occupation, position, type of company where employed, work zone); and trips by head (worktrips, other trips, has driver's license?). Variables in the Persons Set include residence zone; demogra- phics (sex, age, marital status, department, and municipio of birth; length of residence in Bogota, department, municipio, and cabecera municipal of residence outside Bogota); educational level; employment characteristics (hours/week, condition of employment, occupation, position, type of company, work zone); trip characteristics (work-trips, other trips, transport mode, has driver's license?); vehicle accessibility (cars, trucks, bicycles -kept at home, and elsewhere); number of motorcycles or bicycles used for work- trips; family, personal, and head of household income; and number of workers in the household. -6- Variables in the Trips Set include residence zone; number of trips made by the same person during a day; demographics of trip makers (sex, age, marital status, occupation, type of company where employed, work zone, driver's license?, access to vehicles?); distance to closest bus route; number of own and company (government) vehicles'kept at home, and elsewhere); household head, and family income; detailed attitudes'toward transport (ranked by importance given); price willing to pay; time willing to wait; bus or microbus preference; days/week use of public transport; origin and destination zones; hours of origin and destination, purpose of origin and destination; modes used; cost of public transport trip; number of transfers; number of blocks walked; private automobile usage (possible?, necessary?) type of parking used, cost per trip, number of persons in car, hour of trip start, length of trip); and number of persons and workers in household. Unlike the previous two data sets, the Trips Set covers only 22 of the 63 city zones and the covered zones are stratified by economic class. As a whole the information given by the Household Survey seems to be reliable although it appears that this survey overrepresents high income respondents even though the median household income in the sample is similar to that of the 1973 Census. For example, the comparison of dwelling char- acteristics shown in Table 1 suggests that the quality and size of housing units included in the Phase Two Survey substantially exceed that of units in the 1973 Census. (b) The Transport Surveys: These series of surveys were conducted mainly to estimate the physical and operational condition of the transportation stock and to determine transport habits and patterns in Bogota. We have data from three surveys: -7- Table 1: Bogota Housing Characteristics (Percent of Households) Housing Characteristics 1973 Census Phase Two (1) Type of Dwelling Independent house 49.2 62.6 Apartments 8.8 17.4 Room 1.2 20.0 Inquilinato 38.9 - Other 1.2 (2) Number of Rooms Occupied by Household 1 Room 43.98 20.77 2 Rooms 21.20 21.50 3 Rooms 9.40 19.55 4 or More 18.85 38.20 No reply 6.61 - (3) Water Connection Exclusive piped water 33.21 83.02 Shared piped water 62.44 13.28 Other 4.35 3.70 (4) Mode of Tenure Owner-occupied 26.32 52.02 Rental 58.43 42.35 Squatter .59 - Other 14.66 5.37 Source: Tabulations of 1972 Phase II and 1973 census sample files. -8- (a) the Goods Movement Survey (files MERCANLI and MERCACOM) containing a sample of 1,700 trips; (b) The "External Cordon" Trip Surveys (files ORDBT2ES and BT2BUEN) containing samples of 10,408 and 7,4029 trips respectively; and (c) The "Trip Generators" Survey (files GENBT3CO and GENBT3ES) containing a sample of 9,031 trips. The Goods Movement Survey was conducted by interviewing truck drivers of several distributing companies. Variables include zone of obser- vation; number of trips; garage zone; year when vehicle was built; type of industry served; day of trip; occupation, and position of driver; type and capacity of truck; cargo type; sole driver?; round trip length; origin and destination zone; land use in origin and destination zone; percentage of cargo capacity utilized; and time when trip half-completed. The "External Cordon" Trip survey was conducted among persons crossing a ring boundary outside the city between 6 a.m. and 8 p.m. Indivi- duals were interviewed inside the travelling vehicle. In the case of trucks, the cargo type was also determined. Variables include station of observation; day of week, day of month, and month of observation; type of vehicle; number of passengers; type of cargo; origin and destination zone; purposes of origin and destination; residence zone of interviewee; (does he/she have a car?) trip characteristics (price/tariff, number of transfers, length, inbound/ outbound); and zone where vehicle is stored. The "Trip Generators" Survey consists of interviews conducted at 23 major trip-generating locations across the city such as universities, public buildings, grocery stores, market squares, hospitals, bus and train stations, and the airport. Variables include station of observation; station - -9- zone; day of the week, day of the month, month, hour, and minute of survey; characteristics of respondents (sex, residence, work zone, origin, and desti- nation zones); purposes of origin and destination; transport mode used; and frequency of trips. Although no major error in coding or in data validity were encoun- tered in the preliminary checks, the following "puzzles" still remain unsolved. (1) In the MERCANLI file the capacity of the trucks seems to be improperly coded or defined. (2) In the ORDBT2ES and BT2BUEN files, the length of the trips (hours and minutes) appears in error. Probably the variable means time of the trip. Some characteristics of the MERCANLI file at the median are: number of trips = 4; age of trucks = 9 years; round-trip length = 30-40 kms; time when trip half-completed = noon; capacity of truck = 30-40 tons (this figure is obviously too high; perhaps its units are tenths of a ton). Forty three percent of trucks serve the food, beverages and tobacco indus- try. Twenty six percent of trucks are used at capacity while twenty two percent were empty when interviewed. (c) The Economic Conditions Surveys In order to complement the DANE economic census of 1970, the Study conducted two surveys of their own: (a) The Firm Employment Survey (files EMPLEOTO and EMPLEOZO) containing a sample of 974 firms; and (b) The "Interrelations" Survey (file INTERRTO) containing a sample 7,165 firm executives. The Firm Employment Survey comprises three parts: first, an inventory of government employment (203 institutions); second, an inventory -10- of the 471 largest private office firms; and third, a 10% (300 firms) sample survey of the remaining firms. Data were collected by Phase Two zones, discriminating by sex and occupational category for each of the activity codes. It is estimated that the actual entities surveyed encompass nearly all of government office employment and around 50 percent of private office employment - a very high coverage. Variables include type of firms; location of principal and surveyed firms; number of customers; and number of pro- fessional, white collar, blue collar, and other workers by sex. There seems to be, however, a number of shortcomings and limita- tions to the data. First, it is a static picture of employment in Bogota and has no information about trends or changes. Secondly, there are in- consistencies in the assignment of employment into the three employment size categories. This problem was encountered by checking individual sectors against knowledge of their employment characteristics. For example large firms seem to have a disproportionately high number of enterprises with small employment when compared with small firms. -Fifty two percent of large firms have less than 20 employees, while this figure for small firms is 67 percent. Even more surprising, there are 8 small firms that have between 100 to 299 employees! This could signal serious errors in coding. Another shortcoming is the apparent failure to distinguish 'between headquarters and branches when a firm was interviewed. The difference between those employed by the office and those employed in the office is clearly significant in the case of construction companies. Moreover, in the case of large firms, at least 62 percent of the firms interviewed were branches. This situation could very well be the cause of the disproportion- ately high number of large firms with small employment. General Motors of - 11 - Colombia (a fictional firm) could be listed as a large firm, but when one of its small branches is surveyed, it will record only few employees, perhaps even less than 5. The "Interrelations Survey" is a sample of linkages among offices. Its purpose was to document in person communications among executives. It was accomplished by asking surveyed firms to have their top 15 percent of executive personnel record details of their meetings with other business- persons over a three-day period. Variables include firm type; occupational category, sex, residence zone, and work zone of the interviewee; activity of the establishment; number of visits, day of visit; zone, and activity of unit visited. Among the respondants 57 percent come from government firms; 36 percent from large firms and 7 percent from small firms. 14 percent of the responding executives are female and the median number of visits (for those that made at least one) is two. 60 percent of the respondents made no visits. In addition to the normal difficulties encountered with a question- naire filled in by the interviewee (difficulty in securing the desired response from the full sample, etc.), there are intrinsic limitations of the data itself. For example, the questionnaire is simplified such that one cannot distinguish qualitatively among recorded meetings; a routine meezing to discuss purchase of office supplies is undifferentiated from the highest- level meeting called to discuss multi-peso transactions. Similarly, other forms of communications linkages (most importantly, the telephone) is not surveyed. The substitutability of phone calls, letters, telegrams, and messengers for face-to-face meetings, is not explored. - 12 - In general, and with the exceptions previously mentioned, Phase Two data appear to be reliable and of great potential for further studies. Its original collectors and researchers from the Bogota Urban Study - Phase II had this to say about it: Although disapointing in many ways, the data base underlaying this work, ... was equal to or superior to that of most urban planning studies. And imperfect as it may been, it allowed the necessary analyses to be accomplished with some confidence. 1/ (2) 1964 Population Census Sample The 1964 census was conducted on July 15, 1964 under the direction of DANE. It is the major national census conducted since 1951. We have two files that contain a 2% sample of the original masterfile. (a) the BOGOTA file containing a sample of 56,334 individuals from the Department of Cundinamarca (Bogota); and (b) the VALLE file containing a sample of 34,666 individuals from the Department of Valle (Cali). These samples contain information only on individuals and households (i.e. no dwelling unit data is given). Variables include zone of residence and demographic characteristics of the respondent (sex, marital status, age, relation to head of household, literacy, school attendance, level of in- struction, years of study, employment status, occupation, positioa, type of economic activity, time of migration, place of previous residence, place of birth, and number of children alive). Some of the characteristics of the Cundinamarca sample are: 55 percent of the population lives in Bogota, 15 percent in other urban 1/ Republic of Colombia, UNDP, IBRD. "Bogota Urban Development Study - Phase II. Employment Location and Decentralization Technical Appendix" September 1973, p. 10. -13- cities, and the rest (30 percent) in rural areas; 68 percent are single and 27 percent married; 62 percent are literate; and 46 percent are younger than 15. For those that attended school, 6 years is the median length of study. 46 percent of those that migrated to Bogota did so in the past 4 years, and 68 percent of sample indicated a different municipio as their place of previous residence. In general, the files containing these samples appear to be fairly clean.and the information fairly reliable. However, given its reduced coverage in terms of variables, its potential use is fairly limited to demographic comparisons with the 1973 census. (3) 1973 Population Census Sample The 1973 census was conducted on October 24, 1973 under the direction of DANE as the next major national census following that of 1964. In order to accelerate availability-and minimize processing costs, a sample containing 4% of the original data was created. This sample contains households from all 22 departments and the group with smallest represen- tation (males above 85 years of age, estimated at 12,000 individuals) has a confidence level for disaggregation of 95 percent. 1/ Collective households (e.g. hospitals, jails, army barracks, hotels, etc.), nomadic groups, aborigines, and inhabitants in the national territories are excluded from. the sample. From the original sample we have data only for one department and the Bogota metropolitan area. 1/ Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica (DANE). "Boletin Meusual de Estadistica" No. 289 (Bogota, Agosti 1975), p. 8. - 14 - (a) File BOGOTA73 contains a sample of 47,290 households and 212,770 individuals for a total of 260,060 records from the Distrito Especial of Bogota and adjacent municipios. (b) File CALI73 contains a sample of 27,451 households and 128,990 individuals for a total of 156,441 records from the entire department of Valle del Cauca. The statistical unit in this sample is the hogar, each hogar is represented by two types of records. Record type 1 contains information on the hogar, and on the characteristics of the vivienda (when a vivienda has more than one hogar, vivienda characteristics are repeated for all hogares). Variables include location of residence (department, municipality, sector, name, type of town, zone, barrio, section, block number, and house number); characteristics of the building (type, occupancy, materials of the roof, walls, and floors, presence of sewer, and electricity connection, number of rooms); number of groups that eat together; and characteristics of the vivienda (number of persons, number of rooms available, number of bedrooms, kitchen use, water use, sewerage use, location of sanitary ser- vice, lighting, mode of tenure, financing, articles for sale produced in unit?, type of goods produced, and number of people engaged in home- production). Record type 2 is variable in number; there will be as many of them as there are person in the hogar. It contains information on the demographic, educational, and economic characteristics of the household members. Variables include department; municipality; sector number; demo- graphic characteristics (relationship to head of household, sex, age, marital status, place of birth, place of previous residence, length of - 15 - residence in current municipality); educational characteristics (literate?, attends school?, highest level of education reached, last year of certified education); economic characteristics (activity before census, occupation, position, economic activity of firm where employed, number of months with paid work in 1973, income last month); 1/ and fertility characteristics (children born alive, children currently living, and month and year of last birth). Originally, this data set had a relatively large number of coding errors. Our original sample for BOGOTA73 and CALI73 contained 261,695 and 157,528 records respectively, while the final clean version contains 260,060 and 156,441 records. The number of eliminated records amounts to .62 percent for BOGOTA73 and .69 percent for CALI73 - a negli- .7 gible percentage. There were two basic coding problems with the original files: (1) The number of type 2 records did not match the number specified in record type 1; and (2) Whenever the occupational characteristic of the employee and/or the activity of the firm were not given DANE proceeded as follows. When only one was given, the second was a repetition of the first; when both were missing, DANE's surveyors "intelli- gently guessed" the proper code and filled in the blank spaces. However, when only partial information was given (i.e. only one or two, out of three, digits were known), plus signs (+), ir As were recorded to fill in the blank spaces-2/ 1/ Large segments of the work force did not report either their occupation nor the industrial activity of the firm where employed. 2/ For example, if one knows that the firm is engaged in manufacturing but the type of product is unknown, one would record the first digit indicating manufacturing and fill the other two with pluses. -16- The following steps were taken in order to correct these two problems. (1) In as much as possible, we tried not to lose any type 2 (individual) records. All household records (type 1) were kept. Every time a record type 1 was encountered, all the type 2 records that followed it were counted. If this number matched the one given in record type 1, nothing else was done. If this number was different, the value in the record type 1 was changed for that of the counter. (2) If a "+" or an "A" did not preceed any number, the "+" or "A" was changed to a zero (e.g., 3++ becomes 300). On the other hand, 3+5 was assumed to be an irreparable coding error. Its value was changed to "-1" indicating no reply. The number of records lost and corrected had the following distribution: BOGOTA FILE Discarded Records Corrected Records Reason: Parity Error Duplicate Number I 162 1473 42,528 Percentage J 0.06 0.56 16.00 CALI FILE Number 0 1087 20,973 Percentage 0.00 0.69 13.00 Compared with the 1964 census sample the 1973 census sample is J':hr in both number and scope of the variables included. For example, its coverage of vivenda characteristics would be useful for analyzing housing demand, especially if compared or combined with the locational detail of the Phase Two household survey. The main information missing, however, is rent or value of dwellings. One shortcoming with housing data -17- in the Phase Two household survey is that for owner-occupied dwellings amortization values are recorded and not capital or inputed rental values. (4) Building Permits The Building Permits data set is the compilation of all the building permit requests filed with each municipality as a part of the normal process of building construction. It is stored and processed by DANE as an on-going data gathering exercise. It represents the legal (in the sense that if approved a record is kept and the responsibility for the provision of services is determined) construction that takes place within a municipality. CENAC estimates, however, that this data set accounts for roughly 50% of commercial construction, 100% of industrial construction, and an under- termined percentage of housing construction; all unofficial estimates. Clearly, its greatest limitation is the uncertain extent of its coverage. The data file (BUILPERl) contains a sample of 36,009 permits for Bogota (24,863 permits) and Cali (11,146 permits) for the period covering 1971 to 1976. Variables include year of permit; city code; type of construc- tion; intended use; number of one-family units; number of bedrooms per one-family unit; number of multi-family buildings; vivenda number; total number of bedrooms; lot area, open area, and constructed area; expenditures in materials, labor, and other; total value of budget; and amount of financing from (a) commercial banks; (b) central mortgage bank; (c) In- stituto de Credito Territorial (ICT); (d) other government institutions; (e) non-profit institution; and (f) private sources. Some characteristics of this sample are: 89% of the permits are for new construction; 94% were intended as vivienda dwellings. 11% of - - - - -. ..~- ... .. .... .. - 18 - the sites have a lot area less than 20 m2, while for 28 percent of them, it is between 120 to 160 m2. 14% have an open area less than 20 m2, while 36% of them have between 40 and 80 m2. The median construction area is 170 m2. (5) Industrial Directory The Industrial Directory data set is an outgrowth of the 1970 Economic Census. Its main purpose is to keep an updated listing of all industrial firms operating in Colombia. It is compiled annually by DANE ana it is published for internal and foreign distribution. Printed copies are available at Colombian embassies and counsulates as well as large trading companies both in the U.S., Western Europe and Soviet block coun- tries. The 1970 Economics census covered almost all firms with more than 5 employees and only a sample of the smaller ones. The 1970 industrial directory file is based on the 1970 economic census and includes only establishments with more than 5 employees. Beginning in 1971, DANE updated the industrial directory by including only establishments with 10 or more employees. Smaller firms that were included in 1970 were deleted gradually over a period of 5 years. In principle, every year new firms were supposed to be added and defunct ones deleted. In practice, however, the process of removal stretched over a period of one year after the death of the firm was confirmed. The exact number of firms that were deleted immediately, and that of those deleted over the one-year period, however, is not known. Another problem concerning coverage reflects the erratic shifts in the proportion of less than 10-employees firms throughout the years. Table 2 illustrates this problem both for Bogota and Cali. - 19 - Table 2: Proportion of Establishments with less than 10 Employees in Industrial Director Files, 1970-1975 I Year Firm Size I 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 BOGOTA Less than 10 Number 726 277 224 1 85 155 Percent 33.06 15.16 12.59 0.60 4.42 7.82 10 or More Number I 1470 1551 1554 1789 1836 1929 Percent I 66.94 84.84 87.41 99.94 95.58 92.18 Total Number 2196 1828 1778 1790 1921 1984 CALI Less than 10 I 235 57 3 3 29 45 Number I 32.87 10.97 0.60 0.51 4.87 2.48 Percent 10 or More I Number I 480 463 498 581 566 557 Percent J 67.13 89.03 99.40 99.49 95.13 92.52 Total Number I 715 520 501 584 595 602 Source: Adapted from Kyu Sik Lee. "Distribution of Manufacturing Establishments and Employment in Bogota and Cali. Mimeo. The World Bank. January 16, 1978, p. 12. 0I -20- This is not due to a natural birth/death process but to the miss-represen- tation of this group. DANE was not interested in collecting information for such firms and they remained in the files mainly because of their inclusion in the 1970 Economic Census and bfezause of the delay in their removal. The 10-or-more-employees firms, on the other hand, represent a claimed 99 percent coverage of the industrial population providing adequate and useful information for further research. The data files we obtained contain a sample of about 2,000 firms for Bogota and 700 firms for Cali. Variables include identification number; 5-digit industry code; 2-digit city code; name of establishment; address; number of employees; value of output category; phone number; year of the record; and year of initial operation. The quality of the data is good for all variables except for (a) the year of initial operation, (b) some of the ID numbers in Bogota, and (c) many ID numbers in Cali. In many cases, the recorded birth year varied throughout the years covered. Furthermore because of poor quality DANE did not release birth years for the 1973-75 period. In the case of the ID numbers, many firms had more than one number during the 6-year period because new numbers were assigned to them even if an original number was already recorded in the previous files. A cleaning up process to remove these problems is currently under-way. It is expected that by the time the files are used again, they will be internally consistent. Currently one of the major limitations with the industrial directory files is their lack of information on firm location. Barrio numbers, however, have been recently coded for each establishment in Bogota (similar action is -21- planned for Cali), and their inclusion in the master file will permit studies on the locational distribution of employment. Kyu Sik Lee has presented some descriptive analysis on Bogota's and Cali's employment and manufacturing establishments. Here are some of his comments on the quality of the data: The quality of industrial directory data is on the favorable side; we can proceed to analytical studies. This data set is very similar to the Duns (and Bradstreet) Market Identifices (DMI) data in the U.S. Most of the basic hypotheses [about employment location] ... can be tested for Bogota and Cali. Of course, the locational dimension of the data is yet to be verified. I/ (6) Labor Force The "Eucuesta de Hogares" (Household Surveys) series is a project executed by DANE since June 1970. Its main purpose is to collect timely and easily-acces,sible data on the demographic, educational and economic charac- teristics of the Colombian households. Until November, 1974, surveys had national coverage. Beginning in September 1975, however, surveys covered only seven cities (Bogota, Barranquilla, Cali, Medellin, Bucaramango, Manizales, and Pasto.) The first four are surveyed every three months, while the last three only every half-year. The reduction of coverage was mainly due to budgetary constraints. Before March 1976 each survey used partially different question- naires. There were some changes in methodology and surveying techniques. The most important change, however, was the re-definition of the economi- cally active population. Because of these changes a degree of caution 1/ Kyu Sik Lee. op. cit. pp. 25-28. - 22 - is recommended whenever comparisons across time are intended. DANE main- tains that the changes are only significant when disaggregate, precise comparisons are made. For general comparisons, they maintain, the estimates are highly reliable and consistent. *1/ Since March 1976, comparable, systematic questionnaires are being utilized; their latest objective being that of collecting employment information. In general the quality of the data in these surveys is good. Besides a few miscodes 2/, there does not seem to be any inconsistency errors. Again, as in the case of the 1973 Census, the major difficulty lies in the recording of pluses (+) whenever information is not avaiiable. This coding design requires character manipulation everytime the files are processed. As some of the shortcomings with this data set one should mention that travel information is not normally included, and that location of employing firms is not readily available. From the surveys series we have three data files. (a) The 1972 Household labor force survey (file EMPLEO72) containing a national sample of 6,371 households. (b) The 1975 household labor force survey (file EMPLEO75) containing a sample of 3,953 households from Bogota; and (c) the 1977 household labor force survey (file EMPLEO77), containing a, sample of 6,070 households from Bogota, Bananguilla, Cali, and Medellin. 1/ DANE. "Empleo y Desempleo en siete Ciudades". Bolletin No. 309. April 1977, Bogota. p. 24. 2/ The 1977 survey file (EMPLEO77) has 1819 records with miscodes (4.1% of the total file). The 1975 survey (EMPLEO75) has 550 records with miscodes (1.5% of the total file). The 1972 survey has 26 records with miscodes (.04% of the total file). 1- __" _ - I- I $.. .. - 23 - (a) The 1972 Survey The 1972 Household labor force survey ("Encuesta de Hogares, Etapa 6 - EH6") was conducted in eight weeks beginning October and ending September, 1972 on a national scale covering both urban and rural areas. It represents 3,281,707 households for a total population of 20,614,547 persons. It estimates the economically active population at 6,325,607 individuals, giving a 30.7% participation rate, an 8.6% unemployment rate, and a 13.8% underemployment rate. 1/ This survey has several objectives, namely: (a) to learn the employment, unemployment, and under- employment rates in each region of the sample and whenever possible making an urban/rural differen- tiation; (b) to measure the size and characteristics of the labor force with enough periodicity so as to record seasonal employment variations and economic fluctuations; (c) to determine the -priicipal chae.racteris tics of the population with special emphases on demographic, educational, economic, and social tendencies; and (d) to learn about the behavior of variables that determine employment, occupation, and economic activity. The sample size of 6,371 households has the following distribution: 2/ Region "Cabecera" "Resto" Total Atlantica 632 391 1,023 Oriental 482 712 1,194 Bogota 1,323 25 1,348 Central 971 659 1,630 Pacifica 722 454 1,176 Total 4,130 2,241 6,371 1/ Definition an explanation of these terms is available in: DANE. Boletin Mensual de Estadistica No. 289, August, 1975, pp. 40-45, as well as in later Boletines. 2/ DANE. Encuesta Nacional de Hogares. Etapa 6. Bogota: December, 1976, p. .7. -24 - It includes 39 UPMs (Unidades Primarias de Muestreo - Primary Sampling Units, in this case Barrios) in 22 municipios. Variables in this file could be classified in five groups (a) identification, (b) housing characteristics, (c) household members character- istics, (d) employment characteristics, and (e) children characteristics. Identification variables include region; department; UPM; Stratum; segment; area (urban or rural); vivienda number; house number; week when surveyed; and whether a second visit was performed. I Housing characteristics variables include exterior walls, roof, and floor materials; is vivienda occupied?; why is it empty?; number of rooms occupied by household; use of space: (a) to sleep; (b) to eat, (c) to stay, (d) for commerce and industry, (e) for household work, (f) for other purposes, and (g) unoccupied (distinction is made for sole and shared used); services to the vivienda (piped water, unpiped water, water, shower, and toilet availability, household lighting, use of kitchen, cooking fuel, sewerage system, and garbage collection); tenancy; who financef it?; value of monthly amortization; value of monthly rent payment, number of persons in hogar; number of hogares in the vivienda; and number of viviendas in the building. Variables concerning the household members include relationship to head; sex; age; marital status; place of birth; area of birth; length of residence; literacy; school attendance; educational level; last certified year of attendance; taken more courses after last certified year?; major activity last week; other renumerated activity last week; employed last week despite not working?; made efforts to find work last week?; reason for not seeking work?; specialty; and whether he/she had taken other courses. -25- Employment variables include number of hours worked last week; wish to work more hours per week?; why?; number of additional hours per week desired; principal occupation last week; activity of firm where employed; number of employees in firm; position in firm where last employed; base salary from all employment; how many bonuses (equivalent to a month's salary) did you get last year?; frequency of pay; receive food, shelter, or clothing monthly?; estimated value of previous receipts; frequency of receipts; net income last month; net income category (last month); income sources other than employment (last month); value of other income; does firm employ one or more workers paid daily in wages or kind?; number of workers paid daily; reason for absence fro. work last week; number of hours normally worked per week; length of time seeking work; seeking full-time or part-time work?; number of desired hours per week; position sought; sector of position sought; occupation sought; seeking work for first time or worked before for at least 2 consecutive weeks?; number of weeks since last worked; and whether the person is interested in looking for work. Variables concerning children characteristics include total number of children had; number of live births and still-births; number of children still alive; age of first born child; month and year of last child's birth; and number of live births, still-births, and still living children born between July 1971 and July 1972. (b) The 1975 Survey The 1975 Household labor force survey ("Encuesta de Hogares, Etapa 8, Especial - EH8E") was conducted in 2 weeks (March 3-15, 1975) covering only the urban section of Bogota. It represents 524,214 households for a total - 26 - population of 2,823,648 persons. It estimates the economically active population at 1,023,183 individuals, giving a 35.2% participation rate, a 10.21% unemployment rate, and a 16.0% underemployment rate. The main objectives of this survey are: (a) to measure the size and characteristics of the labor force in Bogota; (b) to determine the economic characteristics of the population by sex, age groups, and literacy levels; and (c) to learn the behavior of the most important variables determining employment levels. The sample is constituted by 3,953 households distributed proportionally among 6 socio-economic strata, namely: 1/ Stratum Code # of households Low-low 1 296 Low 2 1329 Medium-low 3 1471 Medium 4 525 Medium High 5 223 High 6 109 TOTAL 3,953 Variables in this file could be classified in four groups: (a) identification, demographic and general employment characteristics of the respondent; (b) employment characteristics of those currently working; (c) characteristics of those that dc not work but were employed; and (d) characteristics of those looking for work. Variables in the first group include region; department; UPM; area; census sector; cartographic sector; section; manzana .(block); 1/ DANE. Boletin Meusual de Estadistica. No. 299. June 1976, p. 8. -27- segment; vivienda number; household number; household member number; relation- ship to head; sex; age; marital status; department and municipio of birth; country of birth for foreign-born; area of birth; length of residence; literacy; school attendance; day or night school attendance; educational level; last certified year of education; specialty; taken other courses?; what courses?; major activity last week; any other renumerated activity last week?; had employment last week despite not working?; made efforts to find work last week?; and reason for not seeking work. Variables for those currently working include number of hours worked last week; employment permanent or temporary?; able and willing to work more hours?; reason for seeking additional hours; number of additional hours desired; principal occupation last week; economic activity of firm where employed; position in firm where last employed; number of employees in firm; base salary from all employments; frequency of pay; bonuses earned; receive food, shelter, or clothing monthly?; estimated values of such receipts; net income last month; and incomes sources other than employment (last month). Variables for those that do not work but were previously employed include reason for absence from work last week; normal number of hours worked per week; is current job permanent or temporary?; able and willing to work more hours each week?; reasons for seeking additional hours; number of additional hours per week desired; principal position occupied; economic activity of firms where employed; position in firms were employed; number of employees in firm; base salary from all jobs; frequency of pay; bonuses earned; received food, shelter, clothing monthly?; estimated value of such - 28 - 10 receipts; net income last month; income sources other than employment; and value of non-wage income. Variables for those looking for work include length of time since last sought work; sought work at some time before last week?; would you seek work if conditions were more favorable?; length of time seeking work; seeking permanent or temporary work?; seeking full-time or part-time work?; additional hours per week desired; position sought; sector of position sought; occupation sought; sought work for first time or has worked before for at least 2 consecutive weeks; length of time since last stopped working; last occupation; economic activity of firm where last worked; position where last worked; number of employees in firm where last worked; base salary from all employment; frequency of pay; bonuses earned; received food, shelter, clothing?; estimated value of such receipts; monthly net income from last job(s); income sources other than employment (last month); and value of other income. (c) The 1977 Survey The 1977 Household labor force survey ("Encuesta de Hogares, Etapa 15 - EH15) was conducted in two weeks (May 10 to June 12, 1977) covering the urban areas of Barranguilla, Bogota, Cali and Medellin. It represents 1,206,613 households for a total population of 6,517,097 persons. It estimates the economically active population at 2,375,492 individuals, giving a 36.5% participation rate, a 9.81% unemployment rate, and a 15.51% underemployment rate. The objectives of this survey are similar to those of the two previous ones. Beginning with the 1977 survey, the sample design was changed so as to introduce a rotational sample component for the selected units. - 29 - Previously (until EH14) DANE utilized a systematic sampling technique. The current design allows for 67% of the units to remain in the sample for three consecutive surveys, while in each new survey 33% of the units is removed from the sample and it is replaced by similar percentage of new units. In this manner, DANE claims, it is possible to observe changes in variables, as well as to continue the elaboration of the previous estimates. 1/ The population covered by this survey includes the civil popula- tion in private households (i.e. institutions such as convents, .hotels, jails, army barracks, etc. are not included.) The sample size is of 6,082 households distributed in the following manner: Bogota 3,161, Cali 1,805, Medellin 954 and Barranquilla 882. Variables in this file could be classified in three groups: (a) identification, demographic, and general employment characteristics of the respondent; (b) employment characteristics of those employed last week, and (c) characteristics of those looking for work. Variables in the first group include region, UPM; stratum; manzana; segment; number of households in the building; household number; number of persons in the household; household member number; relationship to head; sex; age; marital status; area, municipio and department of birth; length of residence in current municipio; school attendance; day or night school attendance; educational level, literacy, last certified year of education; major activity last week; any other renumerated activity last week?; employed last week despite not working?; reason for absence from work last week; made efforts to find work last week; looked for work at some time 1/ DANE. Boletin Meusual de Estadistica, No. 312, July 1977, p. 7. -30 - before last week?; and length of time since last stopped looking for work. Variables for those currently working include household member number; employed permanently or temporarily?; number of hours worked last week; normal number of hours worked per week; willing and able to work more hours per week?; reason for seeking additional hours of work; occupation last week; economic activity of firm where employed; position at work; base salary from all employments; frequency of pay; receive food, shelter or clothing monthly; estimated value of such receipts; net income from employ- ment(s) (last month); income sources other than employment (last month); value of other income; and sought work last week? Variables for those looking for work include household member number; length of time seeking work; seeking permanent or temporary work?; seeking full-time or part-time work; number of desired additional hours per week; position sought; occupation sought; sector of position sought; sought work for first time or had worked before for at least two consecutive weeks?; length of time since last stopped working; last occupation; economic activity of firm where last worked; position where last worked; income sources last month; and value of other income. (7) Crime Survey The Bogota Crime Survey was conducted in 1976 by Centro de Investigaciones Institucionales para el Desarrollo Urbano y de la Communidad (CIDURBE) under the direction of Mr. Mojica. CIDURBE is a private, non-profit foundation, with scientific character, created in order to "contribute to the S* - 31- study and research of national problems as well as to design specific projects within its field of competence." 1/ The main objective of the survey was to collect information on five sectors: (a) demographic and employment conditions of the respondent; (b) housing and urban "nomadism" characteristics; (c) extent of crimes occured last year; (d) values and attitudes of the respondents; and (e) youth's aspirations. The first three sectors were collected in one question- naire, while the last two had their own. Because most of the c-rimes occurred on the street and when the victim was using some kind of public transport, some transport data is also available. This sample survey covers the Distrito Especial of Bogota and Soacha. From all the families living in this area, 1200 were selected at random. After the correcting and cleaning process, however, the sample was reduced to 992 households (a 17% reduction). Excluded from the sample are collective homes (e.g., hospitals, jails, schools, hotels, convents, etc.). This data file (CRIMEDATA) contaihs responses only to the first questionnaire (i.e. demographic, employment, housing and crime character-' istics.). It has 7,767 records representing 992 households. Within the file 5,621 records contain demographic and employment characteristics, 992 records include housing characteristics and 1,154 records indicate that that many crimes were recorded in the sample during the last year. Variables concerning demographic and employment characteristics include stratum; barrio; alcaldia menor (minor municipality); number of 1/ CIDURBE. Manual de T)iligenciamiento. Encuesta sobre la Inuseguridad en Bogota. Mimeo, Bogota, June 1976. -32- persons in the household; household member number; relationship to head; born in Bogota?; sex; age; marital status; educational level; last year of education; principal activity last week; number of hours worked last week; number of months worked last year; main tasks in your principal activity last week; position; economic activity of firm where employed; income from principal activity (last month); income from other sources (last month); mode of transport used to go to principal activity (last work day); hours and minutes spent travelling last work day; number of trips taken last work day; origin and destination addresses; and number of times a person has been a victim of crime. Housing cha'acteristics variables include vivenda, and building type; tenancy; availability of water, electricity, telephone, public light- ing, access for vehicles, sewerage, and public telephone; number of rooms used only for housing; do you rent rooms?; number of rooms rented; year of first rental; reason for renting; own a house in another section of town?; year of hogar formation; number of different houses where lived since hogar was formed and resided in this town?; year of last move; reasons for last moves (3 ranked reasons are given); stratum where last lived in; town where last lived in; tenancy of last house; reasons for leaving last house (2 ranked reasons are given); reasons for moving to this house and not to another (2 ranked reasons are given); rent payment in last house; present rent payment; for those purchasing or already owning a house (year when moved in, number of times moved before occupying bought house, and number of times moved after occupying bought house); and for housewives that work outside the hogar (number of hours worked per day, where and with whom do you leave your children while at work?; who feeds them while you work). - 33 Variables concerning crime occurrences include number of times members of this hogar were victims of a crime; crime ID number, household member number; type of crime, address, and place (setting) where crime took place; if crime occurred in bus, name of bus company; number of times illegal act was attempted; time (hours, and minutes) when crime took place; objects that were lost; value of lost objects; got hurt?; called the police?; was police present?; filed a report at police station?; reason for not reporting to the police; was felon caught?; what happened after-report was made?; number of attacking felons (separated by sex and age - children, young adults, mature adults); did you see the felons before; and whether the victim was present during the survey. (8) 1970 Economic Census There is a rather long history of industrial censuses in Colombia. The first industrial census was conducted by DANE in 1945. It covered the period beginning June 1, 1944 and ending June 30, 1945. Only firms with five or more employees, or with a minimum yearly production of Col$6,000 were included. 7,853 establishments employing 135,400 persons and having a total production of Col$641.1 million were recorded in 1945. The second industrial census was conducted in 1954 covering the 1953 calendar year. Initially, no limit on employment or production was set, and thus 47,112 establishments were recorded giving a total production of Col$3.95 billion. Because most of the firms were small and of limited economic significance, however, local authorities decided to eliminate small firms (less than 5 employees or less titan Col$24,000 total production) from the original census frame. Thus, the reduced version contains 11,243 -34 - establishments employing 199,116 persons paying Col$430.5 million in wages and social benefits, and producing Col$3.84 billion worth of goods. The so-called economic censuses of 1970 were also conducted by DANE with the intention of recording not only industry, but commerce and selected services as well. Although originally designed to collect infor- mation concerning the 1970 calendar year, the censuses were initiated on August 16, 1971 and concluded on July 1972. 1/ Establishments and firms are divided by size of employment, generating two data sets: (a) a complete inventory of all large firms (defined as employing five or more persons), and (b) a 20 percent sample of registered small firms (defined as employing less than five persons.) The 1970 economic censuses include questions on a wide variety of topics such as employment, date of establishment of firm, type of firm organization, value of production, number of employees (by several levels of disaggregation), value of revenues, value and use of credit, etc. DANE has also conducted industrial sample surveys every year, and without inter- ruption, since 1955. These surveys give data for individual cities but they do not have break-downs within cities, thus direct locational time series cannot be obtained. As for geographical coverage, all large establishments in the country are included. 2/ Small establishments, on the other hand, are selected, only from the twelve largest urban centers, namely Bogota, D.E. 1/ DANE. Memoria Censos Economicos 1970, Bogota, February 25, 1975, p. 1. 2/ This may be difficult to substantiate. DANE personnel estimate, however, that at least 95% of all large establishments are included. - 35 - and Soacha, Cali and Yumbo, Barranquilla and Soledad; Medellin, Barbosa, Copacabana, Bello, La Estrella, Sabaneta, Ytagui, Caldas, Girardota, and Enviado; Cartagena; Manizales; Pereira; Ybague; Palimira; Bucaramanga; Cucuta; and Armenia. Covering the 1970 Economic Census we have 6 data files: (1) the Small Industry sample (file INDUSTRP) containing 3,925 firms; (2) The Small Commerce sample (file COMERCIP) containing 23,938 establishments; (3) The Small Services sample (file SERVICIP) containing 9,505 establishments; (4) The Large Industry census (file INDUSTRG) containing a sample of 7,459 firms: (5) The Large Commerce census (file COMERCIG) containing a sample of 6,792 establishments; and (6) The Large Services census (file SERVICIG) containing a sample of 4,609 establishments. (a) Small Establishments These three files represent a 20% sample of establishments with less than 5 employees in all three fields, commerce, iadustry and services. Variables include department; municipio; SIC (Economic activity) code; legal status, firm's birth year, expansion factor; pe.rsonnel (owners and partners, family workers without pay, salespersons, other employes) separa- ted by sex; total number of employees; wages, salaries and social benefits (for salespersons, other employees, for all employees); value of merchandise inputs; rent payments, other expenses; total expenses; value of approved and sought-after monetary credits (from banks; from Caja Agraria, from finance companies, from Artesania de Colombia, from private sources, total from all - 36 - sources) separated by maturity period; most frequent rate of interest; use of credit; revenues from sales, and other sources; and total revenues. (b) Large Commerce and Services These two files represent all establishments with five or more employees in the fields of commerce and some selected services. Variables include department; SIC code; municipio; legal status; sector; firm's birth year; number of employees; personnel (owners and partners, family workers without pay, foreign and domestic managerial and administrative staff; office employees, auxiliary staff, salespersons and total number of employ- ees) separated by sex; wages, salaries and social benefits incurred (for foreign and domestic managerial and administrative staff, for office employees, for auxiliary staff, for salespersons, and for total number of employees); annual revenues from services rendered, sales, earned interest, comissions, and other sources; value of inputs; amounts sold to principal markets (export, government, directly to consumer, industrial sector, and other merchants); value and origin of inputs (own production, import, directly from producers; from other merchants); value of beginning and ending inventory (1970); value-of expenditures by type (rent, power, water, phone, mail, interest, depreciation, royalties, indirect taxes, commissions and others); value of investments in new, and in used capital goods (buildings, office equipment, machinery, transport equipment, and land); value of fixed assets sold in 1970; book value of fixed assets at 12/31/70 (same disaggregation as in value of investments); composition of paid-in capital as of 12/31/70 (domestic, public, private, foreign, and total); value of approved, and requested credits (from national banks, from foreign entities, from finance corporations, and from all sources); value -37 - valve of obtained credits from private sources (from non-financial entities; from natural persons, and from both sources); monthly rate of interest for private-source credits (same disaggregation as before); amounts of credits by maturities; and use of credits. (c) Large Industry This file represents all industrial firms with five or more employees. Variables include department; city; metropolitan area; SIC (economic activity) code; sector; firm's birth year; size of personnel; value of output; legal status, number of employees; personnel (owners and partners, family members without fixed pay, foreign and domestic managerial and technical staff, office employees, workers and operators; apprentices, and total number of employees) separated by sex; wages, salaries and social benefits incurred (same dissagregation as before except for owners and partners and family members without fixed pay); number of workers, and man-hours directly related with production for each month-of the year; energy consumption (quantity purchased, value of purchase, quantity gan- erated, quantity sold, value of sale, and quantity of energy consumed); industrial expenditures (parts and accesories, fuels and lubricants, pay- ments for industrial work done by other establishments; payments for putting-out workers, payments for repairs and maintenance done by third parties, payments for purchase of raw materials sold without processing, and total industrial expenditures); general expenditures (rent, consulting fees, interest, insurance (except social security), water, mail, phone, etc., advertisement, depreciation in 1970, indirect taxes in 1970, payment of royalties, other, and total general expenditures); value of beginning, -38 - and ending inventory in 1970 for raw materials, intermediate products, finished products, and all; value of investments in new and used capital goods (buildings, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, office equipment, land, and total); value of capital goods produced or built for owners use (same disaggregation as in investments in capital goods); value of fixed assets sold in 1970 (same disagregation as in investments in capital goods); book value of fixed assets as of 12/31/70 (same disaggrega- tion as in investments in capital goods); number of power plants installed on premises (steam engines and turbines, hydraulic wheels, diesel and semi-diesel, and other); horse-power applied to engines installed on premises (same disaggregation as before); value of approved, and requested credits; amounts of credit by maturities (short, medium, and long-term); value of credits obtained by type of institution (banks, IFI, Caja Agraria, industrial enterprises, private sources, Corporacion Financiera Nacional, other, and from all sources); use of credit (working capital, capital goods); composi- tion of paid-in capital as of 12/31/70 (domestic public, private, foreign, and total); consumption of raw materials by origin (domestic and foreign, foreign); value of 1970 production at average factory prices, and value of inventory at 12/31/70 at average factory-sale prices. There do not seem to be any significant shortcomings with the 1970 economic census data. On the basis of consistency checks, the data for the large firms seem reliable. However, there are some concerns about the extent of its coverage which is usually assumed to be 95%, though to our knowledge there has not been any verification of this figure. Another problem with the use of this data concerns the geographical zonification - 39 - utilized in Bogota. Only a small number of zones (DANE calls them "sectors") are utilized and they seem large and heterogeneous. The lay-out of the zones is puzzling, the boundaries often run seemingly at random, and a single zone at tirces include combinations of poor residential, rich residen- tial, industrial, and other uses. All this combinations may make the use of DANE zones for locational analysis quite difficult. Similar problems also affect the small establishments data. The DANE sample was supposed to be 20 percent, but from this data it appears much less. Preliminary calculations (value of output and revenues, for example) seemed to be unreasonably high until it was discovered that the data was stored in already expanded form. That is, the quantitative infor- mation for each firm has been multiplied by the expansion factor. Thus, in theory, each of the three data files represents a particular complete economic sector of Colombia. (9) Social Security Records The social security records constitute the listing of all firms officially affiliated with the Instituto Colombiano de Seguro Social (ICSS). Its main purpose is to keep an up-dated listing of all employers operating in Colombia. It is compiled annually by ICSS by sending questionnaires both to the employers and the employees. Firms are required by law to fill-in the questionaire, while employees have the inducement of eventual collection of benefits. One of the main shortcomings of this data set is its coverage. It is estimated that it only covers 35% of all employment. The most * -40- prominent sectors missing from this data set are government, construction, small firms, domestic workers, and self-employed workers. Another shortcoming is the relative large number of coding incon- sistencies. For example, in one file postal zones and street types are recorded in numeric characters, while in the other alphabetical characters are used. In most cases the information concerning the date of employer registration is missing. Some employers have only partial responses. Employee records have large number of birth dates, registration-numbers, and type of document responses missing. A cleaning of the file has not yet started, so the exact extent of these errors and the over-all accuracy and reliability of the data is still undertermined. The statistical unit in this sample is the firm, each firm is represented by two types of records. Record type 1 contains information on the employer. Record type 2 contains information on the employee and is variable in number; there will be as many of them as there are employees in the firm. From the social security data we have two files covering two departments: (a) file SSVALLE contains 271,358 records (including firms and employees) from the department of Valle and registered at the ICSS office in Cali. (b) file SSCUNDINA contains 55,620 records (including firms and employees) from the department of Cundinamarca and registered at the ICSS office in Bogota. Variables in the firm record include employer ID number; postal zone; type of street; address number; location (north, south); registration -41 - number; office number; firm's name; subactivity code; date of employer registration; and number of workers during the last cycle. Variables in the employee record include employee ID number, worker registration number; sex; identification document (code, and number); salary category; and birth date. (10) 1972 Consumption and Consumer Finance Survey The 1972 Consumption and Consumer Finance Survey was conducted in parallel with the 1972 Household Survey (described earlier) in a period of eight weeks beginning October and ending September, 1972. It was conducted on a national scale and information was separated by two areas (cabecera and resto.) The previous month was utilized as the period of reference for permanent income, while the previous year was the reference period for occasional income. The reference period utilized for consumption depended on the frequency of purchases. Thus, previous week for frequent purchases, previous, month for less frequent purchases, and previous year for durable goods were so selected. For goods and services that are purchased seasonally the reference period was left open. The sample design utilized is described in the "Muestra Nacional de Propositos Multiples" 1/. However, for this survey only half of the UPMs ("Unidades Primarias de Muestreo") were covered. Thus, data concerning income and expenditure are reliable only at the aggregated national and regional level. 1/ DANE, "Encuesta Nacional de Hogares, 1970" Boletin Mensual de Estadistica, No. 237, April 1971. * -42- In the five regions, the following UPMs are covered: (1) Atlantic Region: Barranquilla, Cartagena, Sahagun, and San Antero; (2) Oriental Region: Belen, Choachi, Cucuta, Bucara- manga, Socorro-Palmas-Confines, and Tocaina- Jerusalem; (3) Bogota Region: Bogota, D.E.; (4) Central Region: Algeciras, Campoalegre, La Estrella, Medellin, Manizales, and Pensilvania; (5) Pacific Region: Cali, Guaitarilla, Pasto, San Pedro, and Tulva. The 2,474 households constituting the sample size had the follow- ing distribution: 1/ Region "Cabecera" "Resto" Total Atlantica 259 163 422 Oriental 181 299 480 Bogota 488 11 499 Central 365 250 615 Pacifica 277 181 458 Total 1,570 904 2,474 Covering this data set we have one file, CONSURVE. It contains 200,533 records. Further detailed documentation on the meaning and definition of the variables is forthcoming, yet still unavailable. 1/ DANE. Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares en Colombia, 1972. December 1977, p. 8. -43 - III. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The previous sections provide documentation for a large amount of data in what it is hoped to be a consistent, comprehensible manner. Most of our information was obtained from previous work done in Spanish by DANE and the staff of the Bogota Urban Development Study Phase II. They, in effect, share credit for the final product. To facilitate the use of the information available in this data base, file characteristics and contents have been summarized in two tables. Table 3 contains a cross-reference matrix that highlights the available variables, by affinity group, in each data file. Affinity groups include demographics, housing, education, income, financing, transportation, revenues, expenditures, employment, unemployment, and other variables not classified in any of the previous groups. Readily available variables as well as those that can be computed are also indicated in the table. Table 4 provides the input format for each data file. Except in the case of binary (unformatted) files, the data is organized in a fixed-column integer format (i.e. values of each of the variables are located in the same record and in the same column(s) for every case). The construction of the input formats follows the conventions for construction of a FORTRAN IV format list as described in most fortran manuals. Clearly, this data base is far from being all-exhaustive and complete. There are undoubtedly other reliable data sets that are not included here. Researchers and planners in need of additional data could compile it from the rich data sources available in Colombia. I believe, however, that this data base offers a rich base for analysis and I suspect that much remains to be done in the way of analyzing it. -44 - Table 3: VARIABLES BY GROUP OF AFFINITY INCLUDED IN THE DATA BASE D E M 0 G R A P H C ø C 4 I0 - 4 m -H cC p> r. -4 c C OO I C ' CC .- 0 0> r-4 0 ø m C 0> pp 0> ý >0 4 U0 0 r:oC> H N:• NJ 0 M ø ø Wo ri "I J. CL ý 4 0 -4 øJ r *4 *,4 X: c iJ t" 0 1 ~ J -H 0 *r N ø. O w "U 0 0 0 O ø Hr c H >N 4- O4 U) C O 0 4 r i 0 "I -4 a) w 0 u 0> c c 0 '.1 w 0 > 0 0 0 !> Oý. File NFne .. -- --- -- -- - - -- ------ PHASE TWO HOGARDRE, HOGAR1EB X XX X X X X X X X X X XX X X 0 0 X X X BT2BUEN, ORDBT2S HOGAR2TR, ROGAR2RE X XX 0 x x x x x x x x x X X 0 0 X X X GENBT3ES, GENBT3C0 X x VIAJESRE, VIAJESZO X X X X X X EMPLEOZO, EMPLEOTO MERCACOM, MERCANLI X INTERRTO x x X BARRIOBA HOGARCOM DATACARLO 1964 CENSUS BOGOTA, VALLE X X X 0 X X 0 XX 0 x 1973 CENSUS BOGOTA73, CALI73 XX X 0 X X X X X 0 x x 0 X X X X X X BOGOTA73FM, CALI73FM X XX X0 X XXX , Xx x x BUILDING PERMITS BUILPER1 X X INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY ALL X LABOR FORCE EMPLE072 XX X X X X X X XX X X EMPLE075 EMPLE077 CRIMEDATA CORNODATA ECONOMIC CENSUS COMERCIP, INDUSTRP,SERVICIP COMERCIG, SERVICIG INDUSTRG SOCIAL SECURITY SSVALLEl, SSCUNDINAl CONSUMIPTION SURVEY CONSURVEl Key: X readily available 0 can be computed - 45- Table 3 : (Continued - Page 2) H 0 U S I N G o u o0 o o0o 0 '0 wJ u 0 1 w > e w 44 o o fl0 4 0 o or. 0 u - 0 0 o u H 0 t, 0 -O <o r-4 I-l 0 C o o r uZ 0 0 H4 r.O 0 :1 41> -H 1-44. Ow Wo C.4 "4w 0O ~.0 4 OJ 0 OJ OJ OJ >-> . 4 . 4- 0 4-U W pJ 0- l ~4> OJ~~ ~ OJ O - J *4 O J 14 CO 1.4 0 -3 ~ 0 In2 File Name t4p- oH wZr- 404-A 4HH A: PHASE TWO HOGAR1RE, MOGAR1ZB X X X X X BT2BUEN, ORDBT2S HOGAR2TR, HOGAR2RE GENBT3ES, GENBT3CO VIAJESRE, VIAJESZO EMPLEOZO, EMPLEOTO MERCACOM, MERCANLI INTERRTO BARRIOBA HOGARCOM DATACARLO 1964 CENSUS BOGOTA, VALLE X 1973 CENSUS BOGOTA73, CALI73 X X X X X X X X X X X BOGOTA73FVN, CALI73FM X X X X X X X X X X X BUILDING PERMITS BUILPER1 X X X X INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY ALL LABOR FORCE EMPLE072 X X X X X X XX X X X X EMPLE075 X EMPLE077 CRIMEDATA XX X X X XX CORNODATA ECONOMIC CENSUS COMERCIP, INDUSTRP,SERVICIP COMFRCTG, SERVTCIG INDUSTRG SOCIAL SECURITY SSVALLEI, SSCUNDINA1 CONSTMPTION SURVEY CONSURVEl Key: X remdIlly av;tlible 0 can be computed - 46 - Table 3: (Contitued - Page 3) EDUCATION INCOME FINANCING W > w~ 0 wA 0 0 o p4 U 0 u *yl 0 0 0> H. 0/ 0 44 0 File Nam u o' c -44 cu- 0 w wJ 0 -H S W 0 E u 04 W $ J W~ SJ U~ cr w~ U u) o-. 14 z HOGAR2TR, HOGAR2RE> 0 XJ X X G T GEN B Cn 0 c 0 3 CO 0 4 0 S Gi -H 0 m a w 0 1 m- $4 41 0 w en A - 4 > -4 V) PQl ~ r4 0 :r: CP4 H File Name - PHASE TWO HOGAR1RE, HOGAR1ZB x x x x BT2BUEN, ORDBTÅIS HOGAR2TR, HOGAR2RE 0 x xx GENBT3ES, GENBT3CO VIAJESRE, VIAJESZO X X EMPLEOZO, EIPLEOTO MERCACOM, MERCANLI INTERRTO 3ARRIOBA HOGARCOM DATACARLO 1964 CENSUS BOGOTA, VALLE x x x 0 1973 CENSUS BOGOTA73, CALI73 x x x x x x 0 x BOGOTA73FM, CALI73FM X X X X x x 0 x BUILDING PERMITS BUILPER1 X X 0 INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY ALL LABOR FORCE EPLE072 X X 0 0 x x x X XX X X EMPLE075 0 X 0 X XX X X X X 0 x EMPLE077 X X 0 'X X X X 0 X CRIMEDATA 0 X' 0 X 0 X X 0 X CORNODATA ECONOMIC CENSUS COMERCIP, INDUSTRP,SERVICIP X x x x x COMERCIG, SERVICIG x x x x x . INDUSTRG x x x x x SOCIAL SECURITY SSVALLE1, SSCUNDINA1 CONSUMPTION SURVEY CONSURVEl Key: X readily available 0 can be computed - 4 - -47- Table 3: (Contlnued - Page 4) TRANSPORTATION 0 cl)$4 -4 4-1 u W " 9 C.J > > -r< M o4 M 44 0 Ø o • 4 0 (4 r- o u e4 E . o o 1 0 c i H oc G) -i 0cn4 >S - 4 E-4 >i 4-1 N. w > -r *r (1 tO (2 44 0-t 4 4 -4 C: C 4 0 0 4 CQ 0 4i : -t 0 0 014 - 4 1 40 o 14cu Z$ I 4- 4J Li2 Q w4 w. w) c, -, u (D 00 m mH w 0 . ((1ø 0 1w4J-14 E2 4 0 0 ø> 1' z 0 ci 0 to r-i Y4 - 4-' > 0 w.4J w- 114 t File Name z 0 Fi z 4 u P E-4-4 tn E-I Z P4 -4 PRASE TWO HOGAR1RE, HOGAR1ZB X X BT2BUEN, ORDBT2S 0 X X XX X X XX XXXX 0 HOGAR2TR, HOGAR2RE X X X x x GENET3ES, GENBT3CO x X x x X X X VIAJESRE, VIAJESZO x x x x x x x x x x x x X EMPLEOZO, EMPLEOTO x MERCACOM, MERCANLI INTERRTO X XX 00 X X X 0 X BARRIOBA HOGARCOM DATACARLO 1964 CENSUS BOGOTA, VALLE 1973 CENSUS BOGOTA73, CALI73 BOGOTA73FM, CALI73FM BUILDING PERI4ITS BUILPER1 INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY ALL LABOR FORCE EMPLE072 EMPLE075 EMPLE077 CRIMEDATA X X X X X CORNODATA ECONOMIC CENSUS COMERCIP, INDUSTRP, SERVICIP COMERCIG, SERVICIG INDUSTRG SOCIAL SECURITY SSVALLEl, SSCUNDINAl CONSUMPTION SURVEY CONSURVEl Key: X readily available 0 can be computed Table 3: (Continued Page 5) 48 REVENUES EXPENDITURES r14 0 4<04J 4J C14 ý, W 4 0 -- o 0 W o 41 -H c: (n 4J O 0 0 o r y 4 C:) 4J r-- MJ Qý4 4. 0 ~- C> o :1 - c W 0 41 U2 0 0 0 4 i -I 0 r= CL. c0, 0 O =i4 •r4 W 0 ki H J 0 r. Ur File Name Z > o 0 > 4 E HO PHASE TWO H0GAR1RE, IIOGAR1ZB BT2BUEN, ORDBT2S IIOGAR2TR, H0GAR2RE GENET3ES, GENBT3C0 VIAJESRE, VIAJESZO E-MPLEOZO, EMPLEOTO fERCACOM, MERCANLI INTERRTO BARRIOBA HOGARCOM DATACARLO 1964 CENSUS BOGOTA, VALLE 1973 CENSUS BOGOTA73, CALI7.3 BOGOTA73FM, CAL73nF BUILDING PERMITS BUILPER1 x x INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY ALL x. LABOR FORCE EMPLE072 EMIPLE075 •EMPLE077 CRIEDATA CORNODATA ECONOMIC CENSUS COMERCIP, INDUSTRP, x x x x .x x x COMERCIG, SERVICIG x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x X X x INDU'STRG x x x x x x x x x x x x x x SOCIAL SECURITY SSVALLEI, SSCUNDINAl CONSUMPTION SURVEY CONSURVEl Key: X readily available 0 can be computed 49 Table 3: (Continued - Page 6 EMPLOYMENT w0 So • ' . g) :0 El 0 O 1 4 0 4.4U ZU 0 4 *r 0C N e • 44 44 -u 0 0 rJ 4.4 0 0 0 m 0 0 o 3 o 0 •H 0 - r j 0 • • - -e o~ ci o - o o 0 • U 2 •d • ½ - File Name zor w 0 : z 4 4 P o -J -. - - - - 0 - - 0- - - - - PHASE TWO HOGAR1RE, HOGAR1ZB X X X X X X BT2BUEN, ORDBT2S HOGAR2TR, HOGAR2RE X X X X X X X GENBT3ES, GENBT3CO X VIAJESRE, VIAJESZO X X X EMPLEOZO, EMPLEOTO x x x x x MERCACOM, MERCANLI x x x INTERRTO x x x BARRIOBA HOGARCOM DATACARLO 1964 CENSUS BOGOTA, VALLE X X X X 1973 CENSUS BOGOTA73, CALI73 XX 0 X 'BOGOTA73FM, CALI73FY, X X 0 X BUILDING PERMITS BUILPER1 INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY ALL X X X X X X LABOR FORCE EMPLE072 X X EMPLE075 X X X X EMPLE077 X X X CRIMEDATA X X X X X X CORNODATA ECONOMIC CENSUS COMERCIP, INDUSTRP,SERVICIPX x x x x x COMERCIG, SERVICIG x x x x x x INDUSTRC X X X X X X SOCIAL SECURITY SSVALLE1, SSCUNDINA1 X X X X X CONSUMPTION SURVEY CONSURVEl Key: X readily available 0 can be computed 71 11111-ý.ý ",, , ,. 1,ý,- - .1"ýl ý1-111 1"" .ý"', , ,,,ý, ....... Tnble 3: Continued - Page 7) 50 UNEMPLOYNENT OTHERS 0>0 0 0 w 00j>r z o Cw ) uo •4 :: O Ø U) j.r• -r * 4 0 ø o 9 o 0> 0 3 C a H o c -(e , Ci . 0 OM 0> 4 -o0 w , >-, 54 W o 0 ø o O c,. c C r. ø> oj o o oa o r-. , u J : w Z 0.eam å Z .$ 0.< ',- å & 7 Clå c i cj n° C O ý44 x: 0 0 0 tå4 0 ø1 r r l C 1 0 0 >44 4-4 WO 4-4 0 -f- ý! > , 0 U rl .C u. w Q) 0 0 li 4J 5ý4 4- r4 0 0 u - W1 W '4-4 0 l 4 0 øl .l C c4. -H 4-4 4J > >ý >N. 0 P"ASE TWO . HOGAR1RE, HOGAR1ZB BT2BUEN, ORDBT2S HOGAR2TR, HOGAR2RE GENBT3ES, GENBT3CO VIAJESRE, VIAJES20 EMPLEO20, EMPLEOTO MERCACOM, MÈRCANLI INTERRTO X XX BARRIOBA HOGARCOM DATACARLO -- 1964 CENSUS BOGOTA, VALLE X 1973 CENSUS BOGOTA73, CALI73 BOGOTA73FM, CALI73FM BUILDING PERMITS BUILPER1 INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY ALL LABOR FORCE EMPLE072 X X X X X X X X EMPLEO75 X X X X X X X X X EMPLE077 'X 'X X X X.XXX XX XX CRIMEDATA CORNODATA ECONOMIC CENSUS COMERCIP, INDUSTRP ,SERVICIP COMERCIG, SERVICIG INDUSTRG XX SOCIAL SECURITY SSVALLE1, SSCUNDINAl XXX CONSUMPTION SURVEY CONSURVEl Key: X readily available 0 can be comnputed COMERCIP,~~ INUTPSRII CO'MRCIG SERICI ~~NUSR x~r~kj x ~ Table 44 File Formats for the Data Base FILE FORMATS FILE NAME FORMAT Phase TwN DATACARLO -OCARCOM HOCAR1RE, HOGAR1ZB 12, 14, 311, 2X, 11, 13, 3211, IX, 12, 411, 13, IX, 12, 13, 711, 312, 311> IX, 12, 13, UX, 212, 13, 211, IX, 12, 311, IX, 212, 11, LX, 412 BT2BUEN, ORDBT2ES 14, 412, IX, 11, 12, Il, 2(4X, 12), IX, I, IX, II, 4X, 12, 14, 211, 4X, 312, Il OGAR2TR , HOGkR2RE 12, 14, 11, lX, 12, 311, IX, 12, 13, IX, 212, 13, 211, IX, 12, 311, lX, 212, 11, lX, 4i2, 511, lX, 312, 13, lX, 212 GE;T3ES, GEWBT3C0 2X, 14, 2X, 712, 11, 4(4X, 12), 311, 8X, 11 V1iSRE, VIAJESZO 12, 14, 11, IX, 312, 411, 212, 811, 212, I1, LX, 12, 19, 411, 212, 13, IX, 12, 13, 311, 14, 411, 14, 211, 612 E2LEOZO, EIPLEOTO 11, 12, 213,312, Il, 1214 MERCACOM, MERCANLI 14, 512, 411, 213, I1, lX, 212, 2(Il, lX, 12), 213 BARRIO3A Il, 13, 12, 8A6 INIIRRIO IX, Il, 16, 211, 1X, 412, 13, il, 12, 211, 212 (*Repeat sequence for each separate visit) 1q64 C-nsus BOG3TA, VALLE 12, 13, 311, 12, 311, 312, Il, 14, 212, 211, 12 1e.73 C-mnus BOGOTA73, CAL173 Unformatted (each record has 38 6-bytes words) BCC-gOT73FM, CALI73F Card Type 1 - 12, 13, 12, IS, 12, 211, 14, Il, 12, 13, 811, 12, Il, 512, 911, 13, 12, 18X, Il Card Type 2 - 12, 13, 12, 15, 12, 211, 12, 2111, 13, 12, 11, 13, 212, I1, 12, 12, SI, 213, Il, 12, 15, 11, 412, 12X, Il Buildinme Pe.rmits BUILPER1 2(11, 12), 513, 214, 415, 16, 615 Industrial, Directorv EC-AL70 to BOCCAL175 16, 15, 12, 6A6, AS, 4A6, AS, 15, 11, 16, 11, 12 ZOGOTAWJVEPS, BOGOTAMASTERFILE Il, 16, 15, 12, 6A6, A5, 4A6, AS, 15, II, 16, I, 12 CUIXASTERFILE Table 4: (con't.) L-bor Force Card Type 1 - SIl, 12, 3311, 214, 312 Card Type 2 - 312, 12, Ii, 12, i, 13, Il, 12, 1111, 212 DIPLE072 211, 212, 2(11, 13), 311 Card Tyoe 3 - 212, 211, 12, 213, 211, 15, 311, 15, II, 15, 12, II, 15, Il, 12, 11, 212, 11, 12, 211, 13, 1, I2, Il Card Type 4 - 12, 11, 712, 311 Card Tvpe 1 - 212, Ii, 212, 11, 12, 211, 12, 511, 12, II, 12, TI 511, 14 Card Tvpe 2-1 - 212. 311, 12, 213, 2l, 15, 311, 15, 12, II, 15, E!PLE075 211, 212, 11, 12, 14, II, Al, 213, Il il, 12 Card Type 2-2 -- 12, II, 12, 311, 12, 213, 211, 15, 311, 15ý 12, 11, is, il, 12 Card Type 2-3 - 12, 211, 212, 211, 12, 211, 13, Ii, 12, 213, 211, IS, 311, 15, 12, II, 15, 11, 12 Card Type 1 - 212, 2(11, 12), 211, 12, 1111, 12 EiPLE077 211, 12, Il, 12, 213, 312 Card Type 2-1 - 12, Ii, 212, 211, 212, 11, 15, 211, 15, 16, II, 15, Il Card Type 2-2 - 212, 211, 12, II, 12, 211, 312, 211, 15 COLNODATA Card Type 1 - 12, 311, 12, 411, 312, 11, 12, 215, 211, 212, 213, 12 CRlliDATA 14, 211, 13, I2, II, 12, Ii -4 Card Type 2 1011, 12, II, 312, Il, 612, 11, 13, Il, 412, 215, 412, 211 Card Type 3 - 412, 13, 612, 15, 411, 12, 1011 e nossic C.nsus COMERCIP, INDUSTRP, SERVICIP 12, 13, 15, Il, 12, 18, 1017, 4019 COERCIG, SERVICIG 16, 12, 15, 13, I1, 1715, 8916, 13, 212 1NDUSTRG 412, IS, 311, 1715, 1216, 1315, 1318, 6016, 414, 1216, 2317, 13, 12 Table 4 (conlt.) S 'cial Securitv Gard Type 1 - Emoloyer Information Ill, I, Al, 13, Al, Il, 13, Al, 13, 14, 4A6, A3, I1, 3I2, 14, 11 SSVALT.E1 Cari Ty;2e 2- Emplovee Information Ill, 19, 211, 1, 412, 29X, Il CGard Type 1 -Employer Information Ill, Al, Il, 13, 2Al, 13, Al, 13, 14, 4A6, A3, Il, 312, 14, Il SSCUNDINA1 'Card Type 2 - Emoloyee Informnation Ill, 19, 21l, 18, 412, 29X, Il Consu:i.t.on Survey CO:ISURVEl BOGOTA CITY STUDY: THE AVAILABLE DATA Appendix 1 Tape Directory - Technical Memorandum By Nelson A. Valverde Urban and Regional Economics Division Development Economics Department The World Bank, Washington, D.C. June 1, 1978 City Study Staff Working Paper No. 1 0 APPENDIX1 Tape Directory - Technical Memorandum General Notes As explained in the main body (Part I) of this paper, the data are divided into ten groups. Each data group is stored in one magnetic tape (or more in case of multi-reel files such as the 1973 Census). The title of each tape is constructed as follows: (a) the first seven characters are identical and are used to separate the City Study tapes from all others stored at the World Bank Computer Center; and (b) the next ten characters represent (within the limitation of ten characters) the name of the data group. For example, data from the Phase Two study is stored in tape BR47ZX9PHASETW01.-/ Tape BR47ZX9PHASETWO2 is identical to the previous one and it is intended as a back-up. Most of the files are to be accessed through a specific data format. A few large files, however, are also stored in binary form in order to save substantial processing time. There are two kinds of tapes: (a) DATA, tapes which can be accessed directly through any READ command, and (b) LIBRARY/ MAINTENANCE- tapes which need first to be copied into public disk before they can be accessed. At the World Bank most data files stored in public disk are placed in the mnemonic device called PACK. 1/ Throughout this memorandum slashed Os (0) are used as letters "0", not zeros. 2/ A LIBRARY/MAINTENANCE tape is a system-specific tape created with special JCC (Joint Computer Center) software and accessible only through the COPY command. In essence a LIBRARY/MAINTENANCE tape is a storage extension of system resource disk PACK. 2- All numeric variables are stored as integers. All records are of fixed length, and the maximum size of the record (MAXRECSIZE using JCC lexicon) is the logical record length. All BLOCKSIZEs are a multiple of the logical record length as well as of the number 6. This was done to suit the JCC equipment better and also to maximize tape utilization. The following abbreviations are used when describing the different data sets: ABBREVIATION HEADING WHERE FOUND MEANING U SECURITY Unclassified ~cc LOCATION JCC LOCATION IBRD-IMF Joint Computer Center DANE LN Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica, Bogota, Colombia CCRP OGCorporacion Centro Regional de Poblacion, Bogota, Colombia FMT FILE TYPE Normal data file, Access via a format statement BIN FILE TYPE Binary data file LRECL heading Logical Record length BLKSIZE heading Blocksize CHAR UNITS EBCDIC characters WORD UNITS EBCDIC words (6 characters) Accessing the Data at the Joint Computer Centers All tapes are stored at the JCC tape library. Currently, they have private security. If any person is interested in accessing the data, Ile/she should obtain approval from the City Study in order to have the security released. For DATA files the tape title is the same as the file name. In the case of LIB/MT tapes the tape title is totally independent of the file name. The following examples show how to access all files. (a) For DATA tapes: Suppose one wants to access the 1973 Census for Bogota. The file name, then, is BR47ZX9BOGOTA73, and the WF listing would be: . ....... -3- ?JOB ... <WFL deck> PRELIST TAPE (BR47ZX9BOGOTA73, 13950,14415); BEGIN 4Source deck, ?END JOB (b) for LIB/MT tapes: Suppose one wants to access the "Interrelations Survey" from the Phase Two data base. The file name, then is D/VAL/PHASETWO/ INTERRTO, and the WFL listing would be: ?JOB ... <WFL deck PRELIST TAPE (BR47ZX9PHASETW0l; 15928); BEGIN COPY D/VAL/PHASETWO/INTERRTO FROM BR47ZX9PHASETW01 (KIND:PETAPE) TO PACK; <SOURCE DECK> ?END JOB The characteristics of each tape are described in the following pages. 0l FORMULARIO UNICO CITY STUDY CO..1?UTER_TAPES SERIAL REEL TAPE EXPIRATION SEC- LOCA DENS- SOURCE NUMBER NUMBER TYPE TAPE TITLE DATE URITY TION ITY ORIGIN DESCRIPTION 15928 01 LIB/MT BR47ZX9PHASETW01 3/16/79 .U JCC 1600 DANE.Tapes: BØGOTA URBAN DEVELPMENT STUDY CCRPOO,F0417 PHASE TWO - 1972 CPRBM4 ,F0388 10733 01 LIB/MT 'BR47ZX9PHASETW2 (Back-up) FILES FILE LABEL TYPE FILE NAME LRECL BLKSIZE UNITS # RECORDS FORMAT 1 FMT D/VAL/PHASETWØ/HGAR1RE 120 4200 CHAR 4675 [2,I4,3I1,2X9I1,I3,32ll,1X,I2,4I1,I3,1X,I2,I3,7II,312, 2 FMT " /HØGARlZB 120 4200 CHAR 4675 31ll,X,I2,I3,1X,2I2,I3,2I],1X12 ,3Ij,XJ,23;2, IX ,4I2. 3 FMT /BT2BUEN 80 4800 CHAR 7429-I4,412,1X,Ii,I2,11,2(4X,I2),ý2(1X,I1),4X,I2,I4,2I1,4X,3I2,l. 4 FmT /HOGAR2TR 72 3600 CHAR 26515 <I2,I4,Il,1X,I2,3I1,1X,I2,I3,1X,2I2,I3,2I1,1X,I2,3I,1X, 212,I1,1X,4I2,5Ill,1X,3I2,3,1X,212 5 FmT /GENBT3ES 80 4800 CHAR 9031 2X,4,2X,II2,Il,4(4X,I2),31l,8X,Il 6 FMT /GENBT3C0 4800 CHAR 9031 7 FMT /VIAJESRE 96 4320 CHAR 15315 I2,I4,I1,1X,3I2,4I1,2I2,8I1,2I2,I1,1X,I2,I9,4I1,2I2,I3, lX,12,I3,311,14,411,I4,2I1,612 8 FMT /EMPLEØZO 64 5760 CHAR 974 11,12,213 312,11,1214 9 FMT /VIAJESZØ 96 4320 CHAR 15315 same as DhVAL/PHASETWØ/VIAJESRE 10 FMT /MERCACØM 48 3840 CHAR 1700 I4,5I2,4I1,2I3,I1,1X,2I2,2(I1,3x,T2),2I3 11 FMT /BARRIØBA 80 3600 CHAR 473 (Il,I3,I2,8A6) 12 FMT /EMPLEØTØ 64 2880 CHAR 974 (11,17,4I2,1214) 13 FMT /HØGARCØM 80 3600 CHAR 52138 14 FMT /HØGAR2RE 72 3240 CHAR 26515 same as D/VAL/PHASETWØ/HØGAR2TR 15 FMT /INTERRTØ 80 3600 CHAR 7165 (lx,I1,r6,2Il,1X,4I2,I3,.I,I2, (*repeat sequence 2 I * for each separate visit) 16 FMT /MERCANLI 48 3600 CHAR 1700 same as D/VAL/PHASETWØ/MERCACOM 17 FMT /ORDBT2ES 80 3600 CHAR 10408 same as D/VAL/PHASETWØ/BT2BUEN 18 FMT /DATACARLØ 80 3000 CHAR 1764 N. Valverde 2/21/78 FORMULARIO UNICO CITY STUDY COMPUTER TAPES SERIAL REEL TAPE EXPIRATION SEC- LOCA DENS- SOURCE NUMBER NUMBER TYPE TAPE TITLE DATE URITY TION ITY ORIGIN DESCRIPTION 18810 01 LIB/MT BR47ZX964CENSUS1 2/23/79 U JCC 1600 CCRP. Tapes: - 1964 Population Census Sample CPRBM2,FO386 20767 01 LIB/MT BR47ZX964CENSUS2 (Back-up) FILES FILE LABEL TYPE FILE NAME LRECL BLKSIZE UNITS # RECORDS FORMAT 1 FMT D/VAL/64CENSUS/BOGOTA 32 5760 CHAR 56334 (12, 13, 311, 12, 311, 312, II, 14, 212, 211, 12) 2 FMT D/VAL/64CENSUS/VA.iE 32 5760 CHAR 34661 FORMULARIO UNICO CITY STUDY COMPUTER TAPES SERIAL REEL TAPE EXPIRATION SEC- LOCA DENS- SOURCE NUMBER NUMBER TYPE TAPE TITLE DATE URITY TION ITY ORIGIN DESCRIPTION 13950 01 DATA BR47ZX9BOGOTA73 01/13/79 U JCC 1600 CCRP.Tapes. - 1973 Population Census Sample 14415 02 CPRBM1,F0387 -Bogota only FILES FILE LABEL TYPE FILE NAME LRECL BLKSIZE UNITS # RECORDS FORMAT 1 BIN BR47ZX9BOGOTA73 38 4560 WORDS 260060 UNFORMATTED (each record has 38 6-bytes words) /N.Valverde 2/8/78 FORMULARIO UNICO CITY STUDY COMPUTER TAPES SERIAL REEL TAPE EXPIRATION SEC- LOCA DENS- SOURCE NUMBER NUMBER TYPE TAPE TITLE DATE URITY TION ITY ORIGIN DESCRIPTION 14244 01 DATA BR47ZX9BOGOTA73FM . JCC 1600 CCRP.TAPES: - 1973 Population Census Sample CPRBM1,F0387 -Bogota only FILES FILE LABEL TYPE FILE NAME LRECL BLKSIZE UNITS # RECORDS FORMAT 1 F1'T BR47ZX9BOGOTA73FM 80 12960 CHAR 260060 Card Type 1 - (12, 13, 12, 15, 12, 211, 14, 11, 12, 13, 811, 12, 11, 512, 911, 13, 12? 18X, Il). Card Type 2 - (12, 13, 12, 15, 12, 211? 12, 211, 13, 12, Il, 13, 212, Il, 13, 12, 511, 213, i1, 12, I5, Ii, 412, 12X, I1). N. Valverde 2/8/78 FORMULARIO UNICO CITY STUDY COMPUTER TAPES SERIAL REEL TAPE EXPIRATION SEC- LOCA DENS- SOURCE NUMBER N'UMBER TYPE TAPE TITLE DATE URITY TION ITY ORIGIN DESCRIPTION 15140 01 DATA BR47zX9CALI73 3/9/79 U JCC 1600 CCRP.Tapes; - 1973 Population Census Sample CPRBM1,F0387 - Cali only FILES FILE LABEL TYPE FILE NAME LRECL BLKSIZE UNITS # RECORDS FORMAT 1 BIN BR47ZX9CALI73 38 4560 WORDS 156441 UNFORMATTED (each record has 38 6-bytes words) F ny~ I 8 R l FORMULARIO UNICO CITY STUDY COMPUTER TAPES SERIAL REEL TAPE EXPIRATION SEC- LOCA DENS- SOURCE NUMBER WUMBER TYPE TAPE TITLE DATE URITY TION ITY ORIGIN DESCRIPTION 15356 01 DATA BR47ZX9CALI73FM 3/9/79 U JCC 1600 CCRP.Tapes: - 1973 Population Census Sample CPRBM1,FO387 - Cali only FILES FILE LABEL TYPE FILE NAME LRECL BLKSIZE UNITS # RECORDS FORMAT 1 FMT BR47ZX9CALI73FM 80 12960 CHAR 156441 Card Type 1 - (12, 13, 12, 15, 12, 211, 14, II, 12, 13, 811, 12, IIx 512, 911, 13, 12, 18X, 11). Card Type 2- (12, 13, 12, 15, 12, 211, 12, 211, 13, 12, II, I3, 212, II, 13, 12, 511, 213, II, 12, 15, IIl 412, 12X, Il) . L ftA* A- 4 z, 6. ' A, k~. FORMULARIO UNICO CITY STUDY COMPUTER TAPES SERIAL REEL TAPE EXPIRATION SEC- LOCA DENS- SOURCE NUMBER NUMBER TYPE TAPE TITLE DATE URITY TION ITY ORIGIN DESCRIPTION 11539 01 DATA BR47ZX9BUILPER1 2/24/79 -U JCC 1600 DANE. BUILDING PERMITS Tapes: FOR BOGOTA AND CALI, 1971-76 CCRPOO,F0417 19019 01 DATA BR47ZX9BUILPER2 (Back-up) FILES FILE LABEL TYPE FILE NAME LRECL BLKSIZE UNITS # RECORDS FORMAT 1 FMT BR47ZX9BUILPER1 85 10200 CHAR 36009 (2(11,12), 513, 214, 415, 16? 615) N. Valverde 2/28/78 N. Valverde 3/20/78 FORMULARIO UNICO CITY STUDY COMPUTER TAPES SERIAL REEL TAPE EXPIRATION SEC- LOCA DENS- SOURCE NUMBER NUMBER TYPE TAPE TITLE DATE URITY TION ITY ORIGIN. DESCRIPTION 22305 01 LIB/MT BR7ZX9INDUSDIRE1 3/15/78 U JCC 1600 DANE.Tapes: - Manufacturing establishmnt registra- (CCRP00,F0417) tion for Bogota and Cali, 1970-75 (individual year). Masterfiles 13693 01 LIB/MT BRA7ZX9INDUSDIRE2 (Back-up) were created in Washington and FILES contain all records for the 1970-75 period. FILE LABEL TYPE FILE NAME LRECL BLKSIZE UNITS # RECORDS FORMAT 1 FMT D/VAL/INDIREC/BOGCALI70 98 11760 CHAR 2911 (16,I5,I2,6A6,A5,4A6,A5,I5,I1,I6,I1,12) 2 FMT D/VAL/INDIREC/BOGCALI71 98 11760 CHAR 2348 " 3 FMT " /BOGCALI72 98 11760 CHAR 2279 4 FMT /BOGCALI73 96 12480 CHAR 2374 (16,I5,I2,6A6,A5,4A6,A5,4A6,A5,I5,11,16,I1) 5 FM"T /BOGCALI74 96 12480 CHAR 2516 6 FMT /BOGCALI75 96 12480 CHAR 2586 7 FMT /BOGOTAMOVERS 99 11880 CHAR 2074 (ll,16,I5,I2,6A6,A5,4A6,A5,I5,II,16,I1,12) 8 FIT /CALIMASTERFILE 99 11880 CHAR 3516 9 FMT /BOGOTAMASTERFILE 99 11880 CHAR 11494 N, Valverde 3/15/78 FORWULARIO UNICO CITY STUDY COMPUTER TAPES SERIAL REEL TAPE EXPIRATION SEC- LOCA DENS- SOURCE NUMBER NUMBER TYPE TAPE TITLE DATE URITY TION ITY ORIGIN DESCRIPTION 15244 01 LIB/MT BRA7ZX9LAB RFRC1 3/14/79 U JCC 1600 DANE Tapes: - Household Labor Force Survey: 1973, (CPRBMS,FO418) 1975, 1977 20756 01 LIB/MT BR47ZX9LAB0RF0PC2 (Back-up) (CCRP00,F0417)- Corno's Health Survey - Mojica's Crime Survey FILES FILE LABEL TYPE FILE NAME LRECL BLKSIZE UNITS # RECORDS FORMAT 1 FMIT D/VAL/LAB RFORCE/EMPLE072 80 12960 CHAR 72163 See Table 4, Main Body 2 FMT D/VAL/LABORFORCE/ENPLE075 80 12960 CHAR 36788 3 FMfT D/VAL/LABORFRCE/EMPLE077 80 12960 CHAR 44399 Card Type 1 4 FMT D/VAL/LAB RF RCE/CORNVDATA 80 2160 CHAR 19710 12,311,12,411,312,I1,12,215, 211, 212, 213, 12) 5 FMT D/VAL/LAB RF RCE/CRIMEDATA 80 9600 CHAR 7767 (I4,2Il,I3,I2,lX,I2,Il Card Type 2 101, 12,II,3I2,II,6I2,_ II,3, 11,412,215,412,211) Card Type 3 312,13,612,15 ,411,12,1011) 1/ The first 464 records in this file contain unrecognizable characters. This problem appears at the source and could not have been readily corrected. N.Valverde 4/26/78 FORMULARIO UNICO CITY STUDY COMPUTER TAPES SERIAL REEL TAPE EXPIRATION SEC- LOCA DENS- SOURCE NUMBER NUMBER T PE TAPE TITLE DATE URITY TION ITY ORIGIN DESCRIPTION 23022 01 LIB/MT BR47ZX9ECONCENS1 4/25/79 U JCC 1600 DANE Tapes: Economic Census 1970 (CPRBM8,F048 - Commerce, Industry, Services - Small and Large 23025 01 LIB/MT BR47ZX9ECONCENS2 (Batk-up) FILES Fl LE !ABEL TYPE FILE NAME LRECL BLKSIZE UNITS # RECORDS FORMAT 1 FMT D/VAL/ECONCENS/COMERCIP 451 10824 CHAR 23938 (12, 13, 15, Il, 12, 18, 1017, 4019) 2 FMT D/VAL/ECONCENS/INDUSTRP 451 10824 CHAR 3925 3 FMT D/VAL/ECONCENS/SERVICIP 451 10824 CHAR 9505 4 FMT D/VAL/ECONCENS/COMERCIG 643 11574 CHAR 6792 (16, 12, I5, 13, Il, 1715, 8916, 13, 212) 5 FMT D/VAL/ECONCENS/SERVICIG 643 11574 CHAR 4609 6 FMTi D/VAL/ECONCENS/INDUSTRG 956 11472 CHAR 7459 (412, 15, 3Il, 1715, 1216, 1315, 1318, 6016, 414, 1216, 2317, 13, 12) FORMULARIO UNICO CITY STUDY COMPUTER TAPES SERIAL REEL TAPE EXPIRATION SEC- LOCA DENS- SOURCE NUMBER kUMBER TYPE TAPE TITLE DATE URITY TION ITY ORIGIN DESCRIPTION 12478 01 DATA BR47ZX9SSVALLEI 2/22/79 U JCc 1600 CCRP.Tapes: - Social Security Data for the Department CPRBM7,F0480 of Valle, 1975 (?) - Obtained from ICSS of Cali 18432 01 DATA BR47ZX9SSVALLE2 (Back-up) FILES FILE LABEL TYPE FILE NAME LRECL BLKSIZE UNITS # RECORDS FORMAT 1 FMT BR47ZX9SSVALLE1 68 2040 CHAR 271358 CARD 1 - Employer Information (Ill, 11, Al, 13, Al, 11, 13, A1,I3I4,4A6,A3,Il,#I2 Il, 312, 14, Il) CARD 2 - Employee Information (Ill, 19, 211, 18, 412, 29X, Il) F FORMULARIO UNICO CITY STUDY COMPUTER TAPES SERIAL REEL TAPE EXPIRATION SEC- LOCA DENS- SOURCE NUMBER NUMBER TYPE TAPE TITLE DATE URITY TION ITY ORIGIN DESCRIPTION 19874 01 DATA BR47ZX9SSCUNDINAl 02/06/79 U- JCC 1600 CCRP.TAPES: - Social Security Data for the CPRBM6,F0479 Department of CUNDINAMARCA - 1975(?) - Obtained from ICSS of Bogota 18594 01 DATA BR47ZX9SSCUNDINA2 (Back-up) FILES FILE LABEL TYPE FILE NAME LRECL BLKSIZE UNITS # RECORDS FORMAT 1 FMT BR47ZX9SSCUNDINAl 68 2040 CHAR 55620 Card 1: Employer information (Ill,Al,I,I3,j, 13, Al, 13, 14,4A6,A3,11, 312, 14, Il) Card 2: Employee information (Ill, 19, 211, 18, 412, 29X, Il) N. Valverde 2/8/78 FORMULARIO UNICO CITY STUDY COMPUTER TAPES SERIAL REEL TAPE EXPIRATION SEC- LOCA DENS- SOURCE :BER NJ::EER TYPE TAPE TITLE DATE URITY TION ITY ORIGIN DESCRIPTION 13268 01 DATA BR47ZX9CONSURVE1 3/14/78 U JCC 1600 DANE Tape: - Household labor force survey (CPRBM5,F0418) - Includes consumer finance and expenditure data, 1972 19619 01 DATA BR47ZX9CONSURVE2 (Back-up) FILES FILE LABEL TYPE FILE NAME LRECL BLKSIZE UNITS # RECORDS FORMAT 1 FMT BR47ZX9CONSURVE1 80 12960 CHAR 200533 BOGOTA CITY STUDY: THE AVAILABLE DATA Appendix 2 Data Documentation By Nelson A. Valverde Urban & Regional Economics Division Development Economics Department The World Bank, Washington, D.C. June 1, 1978 City Study Staff Working Paper No. 1 This document would not have been completed without the timely assistance of Alan Carroll, Prabas Sharma, Yoon Joo Lee, Lois A. Gram, and Mark Snyderman. All of them deserve more credit than what is acknowledged. Appendix 2 Data Documentation TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Summary 1 II. Phase Two HOGAR1RE, HOGAR2ZB 1 HOGAR2TR, HOGAR2RE 9 MERCACOM, MERCAN Cl 12 GENBT3CO, GENBT3ES 15 EMPLEOTO, EMPLEOZO 17 VIAJESRE', VIAJESZO 18 ORDBTZES, BT2BUEN 23 INTERRTO 26 APPENDICES No. of Pages III. 1964 Population Census Sample 24 IV. 1973 Population Census Sample 8 V. Building Permits 2 VI. Industrial Directory 1 VII. Labor Force Surveys ENPLEO72, 1972 15 EMPLEO75, 1975 13 EMPLEO77, 1977 15 VIII. Crime Data 32 IX. 1970 Economic Census Small Establishments 3 COMERCIP INDUSTRP Large Establishments 6 COMERCIG SERVICIG Large Industry 8 INDUSTRG -2- X. Social Security Records 4 VALLE CONDINAMARCA 0 CITY STUDY 10/26/77 SUMMARY OF DATA CURRENTLY AVAILABLE FOR CITY STUDY A. DANE (National Statistics Department) Industrial Directory: Manufacturing establishment registration records; cover establishments each year in Bogota and Cali; include ID, SIC code, address, telephone number, employment, production, and the birth year. Available anually 1970-1975 inclusive. Population Census Samples: 1964 and 1973 population census sample records for Bogota and the state of Valle; 158,000 records (2%) for 1964 and 262,000 records (4%) for 1973; 1973 sample contains information on residence location, characteristics of dwellings and households, and occupation, education and income. 1964 sample omits dwelling unit information. Building Permits: 36,000 records for Bogota and Cali; information on type of construction, buildiig categories and characteristics, lot size, estimated values, and financing, for 1971-76. Covers only legal construction, thought to be one half of total housing. Household Surveys: Household labor force survey files for 1972, 1975, and 1977; include information on characteristics of households and dwellings, labor force, income, and expenditures (only for 1972); include about 6,000 households in the national sample. Economic Census: Available only for 1970 by categories: Commerce, Industry, Services as a 100% sample of large firms (more than 5 workers) and as a 20% sample of small firms. Data includes SIC code, type of organization, workers and salaries by gross occupation category, man hours by month, expenditures on materials and other inputs, value of output, investment and capital stock values, and information on financing. Lacks firm location within municipality. B. BOGOTA URBAN DEVELOPMENT STUDY PHASE II - 1972 Distinct surveys taken in 1972 by Phase II study team; surveys under direction of Consultecnicos, Ltd. Household Surveys: (1) Sample of 4675 households: Variables include residence zone; housing type, use, quality, age, tenancy; availabi- lity of utilities; access to transport; recent improvements made to dwelling; rent/amortization; length of residence and previous location of household; vehicle availability; family and household income; demographic data on head of household; employment of head including workplace zone. (2) Sample of 26,515 persons: Variables include residence zone; demographics; length of 2 residence; employment including work zone; no. of work trips; mode of work trips; vehicle availability; family and household head income. Household Trip Survey: Sample of 15,315 trips. Variables are residence zone; demographics on trip makers; occupation; workplace; access to vehicles; household head and family income; attitudes toward transport; days/week use public transport; origin and destination; hours of origin and destination; purposes of origin and destination; modes; automobile usage. Sample covers 22 of 63 city zones; stratified by economic class. Goods Movement Survey: Sample of 1700 trips: Day of trip; goods transported; origin and destination; type and capacity of vehicle; distance of round trip; land uses at origin and destination. Firm Employment Survey: Sample of 974 firms: type of firm; location of principal and surveyed offices; number of customers; number of professional, white collar, blue collar, and other workers by sex. "External Cordon" Trip Surveys: (1) Sample of 10,408 trips; interviews of persons crossing a ring boundary around city. Variables are station of observation; type of vehicle; no. of passengers; type of cargo; origin and destination; purposes of origin and destination; residence zone of interviewee; length of trip; inbound/outbound. (2) Sample of 7,429 trips: similar variables. "Trip Generators" Survey: Sample of 9031 trips; interviews conducted at 23 major trip-generating locations across the city. Variables are station; day; time; residence, work, and o/d zones; purposes or origin and destination; modes; frequency of trips. "Interrelations" Survey: Sample of 7165 executives of firms. Survey's purpose was to document in person communications. Variables: firm type; occupational category of interviewee; residence and work zones; no. of visits; zone and firm type visited. C. ICSS (Social Security Data) (a) Firm Records: File of firm registration data for 1976. Includes name, address, number workers, date of founding on entry into ICSS. (b) Worker Records: Include above data plus sex, age, and salary category of each worker in firm registered with ICSS. Both of these files are available for Cundinamarca and Valle. 긔 BOGOTA URBAN DEVELOPMENT STUDY PHASE Il DATA DOCUMENTATION ACarroll:mc 6/2/78 Revised CITY STUDY Reved NValverde PHASE II FILE DOCUMENTATION 5/23/78 FILES: HOGARIRE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY BY RESIDENCE ZONE (WITH DWELLING UNIT DATA) HOGARIZB Variable No. Format Description Value Range Code 1 12 Residence Zone 01-63 Phase II Coding 2 14 Vivienda Number 0001-4200 3 Il Hogar Number 1-9 4 11 Number of hogares in vivienda 1-9 5 Il Type of survey 1-2 1 without transport information 2 with transport information 2X Blank 6 II Social stratum 0-7 1 low low 4 low high 2 middle low 5 iddle high 3 high low 6 high high 7 unclassified 7 13 Barrio number 001-473 Phase II Coding 8 II Type of vivienda 1-3 1 independent house 2 apartment or floor 3 room or rooms 9 11 Type of building 1-4 1 single family 2 two-family 3 multifamily 4 rooming house 10 I1 Tenancy 1-6 1 owner 2 acquiring ownership 3 renter 4 sub-renter 5 usufruct 6 other -2- HOGARI 11 Il Age of Building 1-9 1 0-4 years 2 5-10 years 3 11-15 years 4 16-20 years 5 21-30 years 6 31-40 years 7 41-50 years 8 51-64 years 9 65 and over 12 Il Condition of building 1-3 1 precarious or unstable 2 deteriorating 3 stable, solid, or under construction 13 11 Other use of dwelling 1-8 1 commerce 2 garage 3 workshop 4 warehouse 5 "consultoriok 6 office 7 other 8 no reply 14 11 Number of rooms in högar 1-9 if over 9, code F 9 15 13. Water 1-3 1 within the hogAr 2 within butIding 3 none 16 I1 Garbage collection 1-2 1 yesý 2 no 17 11 Electricity 1,2 yes; 2 no 18 Il Sewer 1-2 1 yes; 2 no -3- HOGARI 19 Il Telephone 1-3 1 public 2 private 3 none 20 Il Access for vehicles 1-2 1 yes; 2 no 21 II Distance to closest bus route 1-9 1 0-100 M. 2 101-200 m. 3 201-300 m. 4 301-400 m. 5 401-500 m. 6 501-600 m. 7 601-700 m. 8 701-800 m. 9 over 800 22,-27 611 Improvements to the vivienda in past 1-2 1 yes; 2 no year: (a) built addition(s) (b) installed windows or doors (c) replaced roof (d) modified walls (e) installed new services (f) other improvements 28,39 1211 Importance of factors in choosing 1-3 1 very important current location: 2 important (a) unit belongs to relatives/friends 3 not important (b) best investment given available $ (c) no other possibilities (d) easy access to workplace (e) close to sources of employment (f) close to relatives/friends (g) near schools (h) near commerce or church (i) better barrio (j) good auto routes (k) good bus routes (1) tranquility or isolation -4- HOGAR1 iX Blank 40 12 Type of hogar 01-10 With Children Without Children < 10 years old< 10 years old 01 06 single family 02 07 single family with domestics and/or renters 03 08 multifamily 04 09 multifamily with domestics and/ or renters 10 05 persons or relatives 41 Il Year of hogar formation 1-9 1 before 1950 2 1950-59 3 1960-62 4 1963-65 5 1966-68 6 1969 7 1970 8 1971 9 1972 42 Il Year of move 1-9 (same as Variable 41) 43 Ii Rent or amortization 1-9 1 less than Col$50 2 Col$51-100 3 Col$101-200 4 Col$201-500 5 Col$501-1000 6 Col$1001-2000 7 Col$2001-4000 8 Over Col$4000 9 No reply 44 II Did the family group live elsewhere? 1-3 1 in Bogota 2 outside of Bogota 3 No -5- HOGARI 45 13 Previous barrio 001-473 Phase II iX Blank 46 12 Previous department 01-32 (see Annex 4) 47 13 Previous municipio 001-999 DANE 1970 48 II Previous vivienda type 1-3 1 independent house 2 apartment or floor 3 room(s) 49 Il Previous tenancy 1-6 1 owner 2 acquiring ownership 3 renter 4 sub-renter 5 usufruct 6 other 50 Il Number of own cars 0-9 51 Ii Number of company cars kept at home 0-9 52 II Number of company cars kept elsewhere 0-9 53 Il Number of trucks kept at home 0-9 54 Il Number of motorcycles or bicycles 0-9 55 12 Head of household income (monthly) 01-10 1 less than Col$500 2 Col$501-1000 3 Col$1001-1500 4 Col$1501-2000 5 Col$2001-3000 6 Col$3001-5000 7 Col$5001-15000 8 Col$15001-30000 9 Over Col$30000 10 No reply -6- HOGARI 56 12 Family income 01-10 (same as Variable 55) 57 12 No. of persons in the hogar 01-19 58 Il Sex of household head 1-2 1 male; 2 female 59 Il Age of household head 1-9 1 0-4 years 2 5-10 years 3 11-15 years 4 16-20 years 5 21-30 years 6 31-40 years 7 41-50 years 8 51-64 years 9 65 and over 60 Il Marital status of head 1-5 1 single 2 married 3 widow(er) 4 separated 5 free union iX Blank 61 12 Department of birth of head 01-33 (see Annex 4) 62 13 Municipio of birth of head 001-999 DANE 1970 iX Blank 63 12 Length of head's residence in Bogota 01-99 years 64 12 Head's department of residence outside 01-33 (see Annex 4) Bogota 65 13 Head's municipio of residence outside 001-999 DANE 1970 Bogota 66 Il Head's cabecera municipal of residence 1-2 1 cabecera outside Bogota 2 rest of municipio -7- HOGAR1 67 II Education of household head 1-6 1 illiterate 2 primary 3 bachillerato 4 university 5 technical 6 no reply 1X Blank 68 12 Hours worked per week by head 01-99 If over 99, code = 99 69 Il Condition of employment of head 1-5 1 more than one job 2 only one job 3 looking for work 4 not looking for work 5 no reply 70 II Occupational position of head 1-5 1 employer 2 independent 3 "tr4bajador" 4 family worker 5 no reply 71 Il Head of household occupation 1-8 1 professional, technical, managerial 2 office and kindred 3 sales and kindred 4 other 5 retired 6 housewife 7 student 8 no reply lX Blank 72 12 Type of company where head works 01-28 (see Annex 5) 73 12 Work zone of head 01-83; 87-97 Phase II 74 Il Does head have driver's license? 1-3 1 yes; 2 no- 3 no reply lX Blank 75 12 Number of work trips by head 01-10 10 = none 76 12 Number of other trips by head 01-10 10 none -8- HOCARI 77 12 Number of persons in household who work 01-19 78 12 Previous residence zone 01-63 Phase II -9- FILES : HOGAR2TR HOUSEHOLD SURVEY BY RESIDENCE ZONE (WITH WORK TRIP INFORMATION) HOGAR2RE Variable No. Format Description Value Range Code 1 12 Residence Zone 01-63 Phase II Coding 2 14 Vivienda No. 0001-4200 3 Il Hogar No. 1-9 iX Blank 4 12 Persot. number 01-19 5 Il Sex 1-2 1 male; 2 female 6 II Age 1-9 1 0-4 years 2 5-10 years 3 11-15 years 4 16-20 years 5 21-30 years 6 31-ho years 7 41-50 years 8 51-64 years 9 65 or over 7 Il Marital Status 1-5 1 single 2 married 3 widow(er) 4 separated 5 free union iX Blank 8 12 Department of birth 01-32 (see Annex No. 4-) 10 HOGAR2 9 13 Municipio of birth 001-999 DANE 1970 Political divisions iX Blank 10 12 Length of residence in Bogota 01-99 Years 11 12 Dept. of residence outside Bogota 01-32 (see Annex No. 4) 12 13 Municipio of residence outside Bogota 001-999 DANE 1970 Political divisions 13 II Cabecera municipal of residenc outside 1-2 1 Cabecera municipal; 2 rest of municipio 14 II Educational level ogo a 1-6 1 illiterate 2 primary school 3 bachillerato 4 university 5 technical 6 no reply 1X Blank 15 12 Hours worked per week 01-99 16 Il Condition of employment 1-5 1 more than one job 2 only one job 3 looking for work 4 not looking for work 5 no reply 17 11 Economic category 1-5 1 empleador 2 independiente 3 empleado 4 trabajador familiar 5 no reply 18 II Occupation 1-8 1 professional, technical, manageri. 2 white collar 3 sales 4 other 5 retired 6 housewife 7 student 8 no reply 1X Blank 01 - 11 - HOGAR2 19 12 Tvpe of coopany 01-28 (see Annex 10. 5) 20 12 Work zone 01-83; 87-97 Phase II 87-95 cord6n externo; 96 "foreign"; 97 no reply 21 Il Has driver's license 1-3 1 yes; 2 no; 3 no reply iX Blank 22 12 No. of work trips 01-10 None = 10 23 12 No. of other trips 01-10 None = 10 24 12 Transport mode 01-10 1 automobile driver 2 auto or truck passenger 3 taxi passenger 4 collective taxi passenger 5 bus passenger 6 microbus passenger 7 school bus passenger 8 motorcycle or bicycle 9 walk/other 10 no reply 25 12 Super-zone of residence 01-12 (see Annex No. 6) 26 Il No. of own cars at home 0-9 27 II No. of company cars at home 0-9 28 Il No. of company cars garaged elsewhere 0-9 29 Il No. of trucks at home 0-9 30 Il No. of motorcycles or bicyles used 0-9 for work trips iX Blank - 12- HOGAR2 31 12 Head of household income 01-10 1 less than Col$500 2 Col$501-1000 3 Col$1001-1500 4 Col$1501-2000 5 col$200l-3000 6 Col$3001-5000 7 Col$00l-15,o0 8 Col$15,001-30,000 9 Col$30,001 or mre 10 no reply 32 12 Family income 01-10 (same as Variable 30) 33 12 No. in household employed 01-19 34 13 Barrio 001-473 Phase II Coding iX Blank 35 12 Personal income 01-10 (same as Variable 30) 36 12 Super-zone of work 01-12 (see Annex No. 6) fILES: MERACOM MFRCANLI GOODS MOVEMENT SURVEY Variable No. Format Description Value Range Code 1 14 Saffple No. 0001-9999 2 12 Phase II zone of observation 01-63; 82 Phase II Coding 3 12 Total No. of trips 01-25 . 12 Garage zone 01-82; 85-96 Phase II Coding 1 I2 Year vehicle built 40-72 Last two digits -13 MERCANLI 6 12 Type of Industry served 01-28 (see Annex No. 5) 7 II Day of the week 01-07 01 Monday 02 Tuesday 03 Wednesday Oh Thursday 05 Friday 06 Saturday 07 Sunday 8 II Economic category 1-4 1 empleador (Position) 2 independiente 3 empleado 4 trabajador familiar 9 II Occupation 1-5 1 professional, technical, administrative 2 office employees 3 sales 4 other 5 retired 10 II Type of vehicle 1-3 1 two-axle truck 2 three-axle truck 3 Four-axle truck or crane 11 13 Capacity 001-999 No. of tons (Probably in tenths of tons) 12 13 Round trip length 001-300 Kilometers 13 Il Driven by someone else 1-2 1 yes; 2 no iX Blank 14 12 Trip No. 01-28 15 12 Origin zone 01-82; 85-96 Phase II zones -14 MERCANLI 16 I Land use in origin zone 1-8 1 industrial 2 warehouse or depot 3 commercial 4 office 5 residential 6 mine or quarry 7 agriculture 8 other iX Blank 17 12 Destination zone 01-82; 88-96 Phase II 18 Il Land use in destination zone 1-8 (same as Variable 16) iX Blank 19 12 Cargo type 01-10 1 food, beverages, tobacco, agricultural products 2 textiles 3 wood and furniture 4 paper and printed matter 5 chemical and petroleum 6 non-mineral material (sand + graveL) 7 metal products 8 (not given) 9 other manufcatures 10 empty 20 13 Percentage of cargo capacity utilized 000-100 Percentage 21 13 Time when trip half-completed 001-245 First two-digits = hour from 00-24; third digit = division of hour from 0-5 -15 - FILES: GENBT3CO GENBT3ES, TRIP GENERATORS SURVEY Variable No. Format Description Value Range Code 2X Blank 1 14 Numero de orden () 0001-9031(?) (Possibly 9031 observations) 2X Blank 2 12 Station of observation 01-22 01 Sears 02 FF.NN. 03 Hospital Militar Oh ICSS 05 Universidad Javeriana 06 Colombo Americano 07 Edificio de los Vinisterios 08 Hotel Tequendama 09 Energia 10 Hotel Continental 11 Plaza 12 de Octubre 12 Plaza Barrio Restrepo 13 Acueducto 14 Gobernaci6n 15 Avianca 16 Sena 17 Ecopetrol 18 Mb.rillo Toro 19 El Dor ado 20 Universidad Nacional 21 Can 22 Corabastos 3 I2 Station zone 01-82;85-96 Phase II 4 12 Day of the week 01-07 01 Monday 02 Tuesday 03 Wednesday 04 Thursday 05 Friday 06 Saturday 07 Sunday -16 - BT3 5 12 Day of the month 01-31 6 12 Month 01-12 7 12 Hour 01-24 8 12 Minute 00-59 9 II Sex 1-2 1 male; 2 female 4X Blank 10 12 Residence zone 01-82;85-96 Phase II 4X Blank 11 12 Work zone 01-82;85-96 Phase II 4X Blank 12 12 Destination zone 01-82;85-96 Phase II 4X Blank 13 12 Origin zone 01-82;85-96 Phase II 14 II Purpose of origin 1-9 1 work 2 personal business 3 shopping 4 social 5 recreation 6 school 7 passenger service 8 change of mode 9 home 15 Il Purpose of destination 1-9 (same as Variable 14) 16 II Transport mode 1-9 1 automobile driver 2 automobile or truck passenger 3 taxi passenger 4 regular bus passenger 5 microbus passenger 6 school bus passenger 7 motorcycle or bicycle 8 walking 9 other 8X Blank - 17. BT3 17 11 Frequency of trips 1-5 1 rarely 2 once a week 3 two or three times per week 4 once a day 5 more than once a day EMPLEOTO FILES: -EMPLEOZO (Note: Documentation = 63 columns; printout = 64 columns) FIRM EMPLOYMENT SURVEY Variable No. Format Description Value Range Code 1 Il Type of firm . 1 government 2 large 3 small 2 12 Unknow .3 Tl Entity I.D. 13 Office number 12 Zone of principal office 01-83;87-97 Phase II Coding 6 12 Zone of surveyed office 01-63. Phase II Coding 7 12 Economic activity 00-96 (see Annex No. 2) 8 II Personal atendido 1-5 1 20 or less (customers?) 2 21-50 3 51-loo 4 101-250 5 251 or more Personnel 9 IL Professional/technical, males 0001-9999 10 h ", females 0001-9999 11 IL Total professional/technical 0001-9999 12 I White collar, vales 0001-9999 13 I White collar, females 0001-9999 -18- EMPLEO 14 I4 Total white collar 0001-9999 15 14 Other workers, males 0001-9999 161 4 Other workers, females 0001-9999 17 Th Total other workers 0001-9999 18 I Total males 0001-9999 19 Th Total females 0001-9999 20 T4 Total employees 0001-9999 VIAJESRE FILES: VIAJESZO HOUSEHOLD TRIP SURVEY Variable No. Format Description Value Range Code 1 12 Dwelling zone 01-63 Phase II Coding 2 IU Dwelling number 0001-4025 3 Il Household no. within dwelling 1-9 1X Blank 4 12 Person number 01-19 12 Total trips 01-12 12 Unknown 6 Il Sex 1-2 .1 male; 2 female 7 Il Age 1-9 1 0-4 years 2 5-l0 years 3 11-15 years 4 16-20 years 5 21-30 years 6 31-ho years 7 41-50 years 8 51-64 years 9 65 and over 19 VIAJES 8 Il Marital Status 1-5 1 single 2 married 3 widow(er) 4 separated 5 free union 9 II Occupational category 1-8 1 professional, technical, managerial 2 white collar 3 sales 4 other 5 retired 6 housewives 7 student 8 no reply 10 12 Type of company 01-28 (see Annex No. 5 ; 28 = No reply 11 12 Job location zone 01-97 Phase II 12 Il Has driver's license 1-3 1 yes; 2 no; 3 no reply 13 Il Access to vehicles 1-2 1 yes; 2 no 14 Il Distance to closest bus route 1-9 1 0-100 m. 2 101-200 m. 3 201-300 m. 4 301-400 m. 5 401-500 m. 6 501-600 m. 7 601-700 m. 8 701-800 m. 9 801 or mre m. 15 I1 No. of own veh les 1-9 - 20 - VIAJES 16 Il No. of company vehicles 1-9 17 Il No. of cyejan, government, or rented 1-9 vehike pt at home 18 Il No. of company, government or rented 1-9 vehicles kept elsewhere 19 Il No. of trucks kept at home 1-9 20 12 Total vehicles 1-9 21 12 Head of household income 01-10 01 Col$500 Unknown 02 Col$501-1000 03 Col$1001-1500 ix Blank Oh Col$1501-2000 05 Col$2001-3000 06 Co1$3001-5000 07 Col$5001-15,000 08 Col$15,0001-30,000 09 Col$30,001 or more 10 no reply 22 12 Family income 01-10 (same as Variable 21) IX Blank 23 19 Attitudes toward transport 0-9 Each item is one column and the values 1-9 indicate importance (a) more frequent service given; zero is no reply. (b) cleaner and more comfortable buses (c) less pollution from traffic (d) less crowded buses (e) faster auto trip (f) faster bus trip (g) more central parking areas (h) better school bus service (i) front door bus pick-up -21 - VIAJES 24 Il Price willing to pay (?) 0-5 0 no reply 1 Col$3.00 2 Col$2.00 3 Col$1.50 4 Col$1.00 5 Col$0.60 25 II Time willing to wait 0-4 0 no reply 1 2 minutes 2 5 minutes 3 10 minutes 4 15 minutes 0 Not applicable 26 II Prefer to ride in bus or microbus 0-2 1 bus; 2 microbus 27 II Days per week utilize public transport 0-5 0 no reply 1 never 2 rarely 3 2-4 days 4 over 4 days 5 Not applicable 28 12 Trip no. 01-12 indicates sequence 29 12 Destination zone 01-82;85-97 Phase II 30 13 Time of trip start 000-235 First two digits indicate hour from IX Blank 00-23; third digit indicates 10-minute intervals from 0-5. 31 12 Origin zone 01-82;85-97 Phase II 32 13 Time of trip end 000-235 (same as Variable 30)