Senegal - Second Sedhiou Project

Document of FILE COpy The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report No. P-182la-SE REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED CREDIT TO THE REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL FOR THE SECOND SEDHIOU PROJECT June 10, 1976 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its conterits may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank autborization.  CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit: CFA Franc (CFAF) EXCHANGE RATES Currency Unit Official Floating as of December 31, 1974 US$1 CFAF 230.21 CFAF 225.00 CFAF 1,000 us$4.20 US$4.44 CFAF 1,000,000 us$4,200 US$4,444 The CFA Franc is officially valued at the equivalent of FF 0.02. As the French franc is now floating relative to the US dollar, the US dollar/ CFAF exchange rate is subject to change. The exchange rate on December 31, 1974 of US$1 = CFAF 225 was retained for conversions made in this report. ABREVIATIONS BNDS = Banque Nationale de Developpement du Senegal CCCE = Caisse Centrale de Coope ration Economique (France) CER = Centre d'Expansion Rurale CGOT = Companie Generale des Oleagineux Tropicaux (France) FAC = Fonds d'Aide et de Cooperation (France) FED = Fonds Europeen de Developpement IBRD = International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IDA = International Development Association INSRA/ISRA = Institut (National) Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles INSTRUPA = Institut fur Strukturforschung und Planung Gmbh (West Germany) MDRH = Ministere du Developpement Rural et de l'Hydraulique ONCAD = Office National de Cooperation et d'Assistance pour le D6veloppement PA = Programme Agricole SATEC = Societe d'Aide Technique et de Cooperation (France) SICCA = Societe Industrielle et Commerciale de la Casamance SISCOMA = Societe Industrielle Senegalaise de Construction Mecanique et de Materiels Agricoles SODAICA = Societ6 de Developpement Agricole et Industriel de la Casamance SODEFITEX = Societe pour le Developpement des Fibres Textiles SODEVA = Societe de Developpement et de Vulgarisation Agricole USAID = United States Agency for International Development (U.S.A.) FISCAL YEAR Government: July 1 - June 30  FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED CREDIT TO THE REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL FOR THE SECOND SEDHIOU PROJECT 1. I submit the following report and recommendation on a proposed development credit to the Republic of Senegal for the equivalent of US$6.3 million to help finance a second agricultural development project in Casamance. The credit would be on standard IDA terms. Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique (CCCE) of France would provide a loan of FF 14.2 million (about US$3.2 million equivalent) to the Governmnent of Senegal for a term of 20 years, including 5 years of grace, with interest at 4.5 percent per annum. PART I: THE ECONOMY 2. A report entitled "The Economy of Senegal" (212-SE) was distributed to the Executive Directors on September 10, 1973. A special mission on public finance visited Senegal in October 1974; its findings are included in this report. Country data appear in Annex I. Past Developments 3. I)uring the 1900's, the Senegalese economy experienced virtual stagnation, as real outpult increased less rapidly than population, and per capita GNP declined. Two factors were responsible for this situatLon. First, with independence, Senegal lost its privileged position as the center of French West Africa and therefore had to adjust to reduced economic, administra- tive, and political dimensions. Secondly, the difficulties of adaptation to the new situation were compounded in the latter part of the decade when groundnut production felL by 50 percent due to unfavorable weather and falling export prices. In 1971, weather conditions improved temporarily, but 1972 and 1973 brought the Sahel's most severe drought in this century. Food emergency operations alleviated the drought's harmful effects, but both the fiscal and balance of payments situations sharply deteriorated. 4. Public savings net of amortization, which had substantially improved during the preceding years, were all but wiped out in 1972/73 and 1973/74. Revenues were affected by the decline in economic activity; and recurrent expenditures were further increased by a rise in salaries to compensate for the rapidly increasing cost of living, substantially higher debt service payments, and perhaps most importantly, heavy consumer subsidies which result- ed from maintaining low domestic prices in the face of skyrocketing food import prices. Thus, at mid-1974, in spite of a US$46 million higher transfer to the StabLlization Fund from groundnut sales than in the previous year, the public finance situatior. was more serious than it had been since 1.960. This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  5. Faced with a difficult situation In public finance, the Government took a number of steps in November 1974 which were expected to put public finances on a sounder footing. Consumer prices for rice, sugar, and groundnut oil were ralsed by 40 to 90 percent to bring them more closely in line with world market prices and eliminate or drastically reduce subsidles. However, high world market prices for wheat required an increase In domestic flour prices whlch the Government was reluctant to pass on to the consumer and which led to a subsidy on flour. To compensate for the rapid increase In basic food prices, Government salaries were raised on average by 16 percent, wlth actual increases ranging from 60 percent for the lower to 3 percent for the higher salarles. Farmer prices for groundnuts were brought closer to world prices which were partlcularly high at that moment. The Government thought It could safely reduce its take from the groundnut crop since world phosphate prices had increased five-fold. In addition, compensating revenues from the latter source were assured through expanded government participation In the phosphate mining company and a 100 percent tax levy on excess profits accrulng from the prlce rise. However, a good part of the additional public savings was absorbed by payments for the increased participation in the phosphate mine and the servicing of debt incurred to finance new investments and state acquisitions of two foreign-owned public utility companies. 6. The balance of payments also came under pressure in 1973 and 1974, in the former year because of a widening of the trade gap and in the latter year because capital outflows from the private sector partly offset a substan- tial improvement in the current account. Net foreign reserves at the end of 1974 stood at minus US$44 million. In January 1975 Senegal drew its full US$19.2 million allocation under the IMF oil facility. 7. Balance of payments problems persisted through 1975 largely because of cyclical factors. The good 1974 crop was harvested at a time when world groundnut prices were still high; this created an atmosphere of optimism both In the private and public sectors. At the end of 1974, the state marketing organization purchased the crop from the farmers at generous prices thereby injecting massive purchasing power into the economy. In summer 1975 private and public expenditures were booming, but the bulk of the groundnut crop remained unsold, world market prices were 30 percent lower than a few months earlier, and foreign exchange reserves fell rapidly under the pressure of excess demand. The Government responded by introducing selectlve credit restrictions which so far have been effective in reducing total credit out- standlng and stabllizing domestic inflation. Foreign exchange reserves stood at minus US$66 million by the end of November 1975; this was financed by a drawing in September of US$11.7 million under the second IMF oil facillty, by the monetary union to which Senegal belongs, and by the mostly foreign-owned commerclal banks. 8. The first half of 1976 will see a continuatlon of the problems experienced in 1975; the Government's reluctance to cut incomes of groundnut farmers has encouraged it to maintain producer prices in the face of slack- ening world demand for groundnut products. Unfortunately, phosphate rock prlces are weakening as well; this will effectlvely eliminate the cushion  -3- which has enabled Senegal to absorb the recent rises In oil and other import costs while lmplementlng a policy of Income distribution in favor of the rural areas. Hopefully, this income redistribution policy will not fall victim to the current difficulties Senegal Is experlencing. There are strong Indications that several OPEC countries are willing to provide increased capital aid; moreover, there remain substantial sources of addltional balance of payments assistance the Government can tap such as the IMF, Stabex and the monetary union to which Senegal belongs. Finally, the Government has already demonstrated its willingness to use credit restrictions and to elimlnate costly consumer subsidles to maintain control over the short-term situation. Prospects 9. As demonstrated during the last five years, weather conditlons and groundnut world market prlces remain critical for Senegal's growth pros- pects. The Government is striving, with our support, to reduce its vulner- ability to variances In these factors. Its long range program calls for development of areas less affected by rainfall fluctuations (Casamance and Eastern Senegal) where cash crops other than groundnuts can be grown. Irriga- tion is being developed in the arid northern part of the country; this will reduce dependence on cereal imports. With substantial gains also in industry, tourism and fisheries, weather conditions and groundnuts by 1980 will be less decisive factors than today. However, groundnut cultivation is the mainstay of the economy and provides the livelihood for the majority of the rural poor. The Government is, therefore, supporting the introduction of animal traction, fertilizers and crop rotation techniques to raise the productivity of the groundnut farmer. 10. The Fourth Development Plan (1973/74 - 1976/77) continues to give hlghest priority to rural development (36 percent of the total projected investment during the Plan period), housing/public utilities (18 percent) and transport infrastructure (16 percent). Industry and tourism, quite justifi- ably, will have their share Increased from 5 to 10 percent during the Plan period. Assuming average rainfall conditions, Senegal's growth in real terms in the remainder of the 1970s will be of the order of 4.5 percent or about 2 percent per capita, whlch Is still a considerable improvement over the past decade. A new plan is under preparation and will be reviewed in the course of a basic economic mission scheduled for the Fall of 1976. 11. The structure of Senegal's balance of payments will gradually im- prove, but In the next few years the benefits of these favorable trends will be reduced by falling terms of trade. Tourism, some new export industries and an Important expansion of phosphate rock mining will provide additional foreign resources, and the Implementation of existing irrigation plans will progressively diminish the large food imports for urban centers. These prospects combined with a favorable long-term outlook for groundnut produc- tion should result in a healthier trade balance in the early eighties. The favorable long-term prospects remain contingent on the execution of the Investment program which will have 'to be largely financed from abroad at a rate of about US$125 million annually on concessionary terms. Traditional  - 4 - sources of aid will probably not suffice, and it will take time before new aid flows are developed. Therefore, for the coming two or three years supplemental foreign funds, over and above foreseeable project aid, will be needed. 12. The financial pressures of the past three years have already led the Government to borrow on the Eurodollar market for a total amount of US$85 million, partly to roll over previous debts. Part of the expected balance of payments deficits over the next two or three years could be financed through access to the expanded IMF facilities or the Stabex fund; but additional foreign exchange resources at a rate of about $25 million a year will pro- bably be needed. Assuming that additional borrowing to cover the gap is done on Eurodollar terms, debt service would increase from six percent of exports of goods and non-factor services in 1975 to roughly ten percent by the end of the 1970s. PART II: BANK GROUP OPERATIONS IN SENEGAL 13. The Bank Group has had 26 operations in Senegal to date, including the Eastern Senegal Livestock Project approved by the Board earlier this month. Total outstanding lending amounts to US$142.0 million, including fifteen IDA credits, six Bank loans, two blends of Bank and IDA funds, two IFC operations, and one blend of Bank and IFC funds. Annex II contains a summary statement of Bank loans, IDA credits and IFC investments as of April 30, 1976 and notes on the execution of ongoing projects. 14. Execution of these projects, apart from the Railway Project, is moving forward without exceptional delays. The procurement for the railway has been slow due to time consuming contract approval procedures, but most components have now been received or ordered. Two agricultural credits (140-SE and 404-SE) provided for technical assistance designed to facilitate the reorganization of the Office National de Cooperation et d'Assistance au Developpement (ONCAD); these programs did not achieve meaningful results. Although Government took in early 1975 steps to strengthen ONCAD's management and financial operations, ONCAD's overall performance has not improved. (see Annex II). 15. Ir, view of Senegal's need for substantially higher capital inflows, the scale of Bank Group lending is expected to increase significantly in the future. The Bank Group share of foreign aid disbursements (including grants) is expected to increase from about 6 percent in 1970/71 to 24 percent over the 1974-80 period. By then the Bank Group is likely to be the largest aid donor. This will increase the Bank Group's share of the outstanding and dis- bursed debt from 12 percent at the end of 1973 to about 25 percent by 1980. IBRD/IDA share in public debt service will probably go up from 2.2 percent in 1973 to about 8 percent by 1980.  - 5 - 16. The objectives of Bank Group project lending in Senegal fall under four main headings. Priority is being given to rural development, including development of irrigation in the Senegal River Valley Region (e.g., the Debi- Lampsar Engineering Credit), intensification of groundnut production and di- versification into new crops and new regions (e.g., the Sine Saloum, Terres Neuves and Livestock projects and the project described in this report). As in the past, we would expect our agricultural lending over the next few years to exceed one-third of the total. Secondly, we have supported diversification of the economy by lending to the growing industrial sector through SOFISEDIT, a development finance company established with assistance from the Bank Group in 1974; two projects just appraised, one a second loan to SOFISEDIT and the other a tourism development project on the Petite Cote, would further assist this diversification objective. Thirdly, we have encouraged modernization and expansion of the country's infrastructure through lending for highways, feeder roads, railways, and the Port of Dakar; we propose to pursue this effort through a second Dakar Port project recently appraised. Finally, Government has asked us to help reorient and expand the country's education system; we intend to identify a third education project next fall. PART III: THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 17. Despite poor soils and erratic rainfall, agriculture is central to Senegal's economy. Over the period 1971-75 it accounted for about one-third of GDP and about half of Senegal's exports of goods. In 1975 the sector employed 70% of the country's labor force and will continue to be the largest source of employment for the foreseeable future. The rural population has an annual per capita income averaging US$150. 18. The agriculture sector has several important characteristics: farms of less than 10 ha account for 95% of all production; groundnuts account for almost 70% of agricultural exports; 60% of the rural population is concen- trated within about 100 miles of Dakar in the Groundnut Basin; and large areas in the north and east of the country are suitable only for livestock produc- tion under extensive grazing. There are significant variations in the distri- bution of rural population, while cropping patterns differ little between regions. 19. The Ministry of Rural Development and Hydraulics (MDRH) has over- all responsibility for agricultural development. Its most important instru- ment has been the "Programme Agricole" (PA) which is implemented through three main channels: (a) local cooperatives; (b) two national agencies -- ONCAD and Banque Nationale de Developpement du Senegal (BNDS); and (c) re- gional development agencies. Programme Agricole 20. PA was started in the early 1960's with the aim of improving produc- tion and productivity of groundnuts and cereals by providing credit to farmers through cooperatives and ONCAD for acquisition of animal-drawn implements, fertilizers, and improved seeds. From 1960 to 1968, production increased by  - 6 - 30%, and yields by 20%. Thereafter, yields and production of groundnuts declined sharply in the drought years, and have since fluctuated with rain- fall. Even in good rainfall years, however, output has not exceeded the record levels of 1968. This suggests that PA in its present form may have reached the limits of its potential and that further improvements require stronger extension services promoting more advanced practices, particularly heavier application of fertilizers and improved cropping patterns. Cooperatives 21. Cooperatives have been Government's principal instrument at the local level for improving marketing and involving rural people in economic development. Substantial progress has been achieved; Senegal now has about 2,200 cooperatives of which 1,700 are concerned with groundnuts and millet, and virtually the entire rural population in the Groundnut Basin and in Casamance is actively participating in the cooperative movement. For a membership fee of CFAF 1,000, the participating farmer is entitled to credit for fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural implements provided under PA. Cooperatives distribute farm inputs, including seeds, to their members and collect groundnuts and cereals produced by them for eventual marketing by ONCAD, the state wholesaler. 22. The management of the cooperatives has not been strong enough to make them self-sufficient and Government plans to strengthen them. First, they will be organized into unions that will each market at least 1,500 tons of groundnuts a year; and second, new regional development agen- cies will train and supervise cooperative management to help them gradually take over more of the responsibilities now being exercised by ONCAD. Office National de Cooperation et d'Assistance pour le Developpement (ONCAD) 23. ONCAD is a national agency created in 1966. Its present objec- tives are to: (a) assist and supervise cooperatives; (b) procure and de- liver farm inputs to cooperatives on seasonal and medium-term credit pro- vided by BNDS, and to recover such credit; and (c) organize, on a national scale, the marketing of groundnuts and cereals, including imported rice. 24. Although the marketing of groundnuts and credit recovery have im- proved in many respects over the past five years, ONCAD's overall perform- ance has been poor and its organizational and financial problems have lately become crit:ical. The agency operates at a high cost and substantial delays have occurred in both the delivery of inputs and transportation of ground- nuts. Furthermore, ONCAD has not kept proper accounts or issued financial statements on time, and it has substantial debts owed to it by the Stabili- zation Fund. 25. So far, ONCAD has only been able to continue its operations with short-term credit provided by the Central Bank through BNDS. At the end of last year ONCAD's current liabilities were tentatively estimated at about  US$200 million equivalent. About two-thirds of this is seasonal credit to finance large inventories of cereals destined for market and stocks of inputs and implements to be distributed to cooperatives; the balance is to finance working capital pending payments due by the Stabilization Fund. So far, ONCAD's financial situation per se has not affected the physical implementation of agricultural projects supported by the Bank. Banque Nationale de Developpement du Senegal (BNDS) 26. BNDS was established in 1964 to provide financial and technical assistance for development projects in the fields of agriculture, livestock, fisheries, industry, commerce, handicrafts and housing. It is authorized to provide financing through loans, guarantees or equity participation, and also to conduct commercial banking activities and manage public funds. 27. BNDS participates on the regional committees which determine each year the credit limits for individual cooperatives. It provides the funds for the procurement of inputs which are delivered by ONCAD to the cooperatives and distributed by them to their members on credit. All credit to coopera- tives is guaranteed by the cooperative movement against deposits made with BNDS, by cooperatives ts well as by Government. 28. In 1968 and 1970, BNDS ran into serious financial and organizational difficulties. Government however took prompt action and, with technical assistance financed by Credit 140-SE, had the bank reorganized and its finan- cial and accounting procedures improved. BNDS benefited greatly from this. Regional Development Agencies 29. Semi-autonomous development agencies organized on either regional or product lines, and reporting to MDRH, have begun to take over from the Ministry responsibility for providing extension services to farmers. Three such agencies have already been organized: (a) Societe de Developpement et de Vulgarisation Agricole (SODEVA), has been given full responsibility for extension in the Grounlnut Basin; (b) Societe d'Amenagement et d'Exploita- tion des Terres du Deli:a (SAED), is responsible for irrigation development in the Senegal river v.tlley; and (c) Societe pour le Developpement des Fibres Textiles (SODEF'ITEX), formerly responsible for cotton development only, is now concerned with all agricultural development in Eastern Senegal. Two more such agencies are to be created, one for Casamance and the other for the coastal region north of Dakar. Experience has shown that new cul- tivation techniques can be rapidly introduced when PA is reinforced by development agencies providing close extension supervision. Price Policies 30. Until 1974, Governemnt's price policies were urban-biased. To protect the purchasing power or urban consumers, the retail prices of im- ported cereals, sugar and vegetable oil were heavily subsidized. This en- couraged imports and discouraged local food production. At the same time,  - 8 - the farmgate price of groundnuts was set well below the corresponding export level. This strained the balance of payments further by reducing the produc- tion incentive for Senegal's principal export crop, and imposed a heavy tax on farmers, which was transferred to a stabilization fund. The fund was used as a supplementary source of revenue for Government and as a source of heavy subsidies for fertilizer. The latter, together with subsidies on farm imple- ments, somewhat improved the farmer's position but may have encouraged the uneconomic use of inputs. 31. Because of its difficult public finance situation, Government con- cluded in late 1974 that it could no longer maintain the urban bias in its pricing policies. It therefore embarked on a major revision of these poli- cies which has had a substantial income distribution effect in favor of the rural population. In November 1974, Government eliminated the subsidy on imported rice and reduced those on sugar and vegetable oil. At the same time, it increased the farmgate prices of groundnuts, cotton and cereals; unfortunately, in 1975 the world market price of groundnuts fell by 25% in comparison with the previous year, while inflation meant that the subsidies on farm inputs cost as much as before. The Stabilization Fund now shows a deficit and is unable to support either producer prices (its earlier surpluses having been wiped out) or the fertilizer subsidy. 32. Since 1969, the Bank has asked Government to reduce fertilizer sub- sidies. The main Government argument is that they are necessary to promote advanced farm technology, to prevent soil deterioration and to sustain produc- tion. A study financed under Credit 404-SE, now underway, should provide data on the production response to fertilizer; Government has agreed to take the results of this study into account when establishing the future price struc- ture for fertilizers. In the meantime, Government agreed at the negotiations of the Sine Saloum project (Credit 549-SE) in April 1975 that it will progres- sively adopt prices that more closely reflect the full cost of fertilizer, and that it will consult with the Bank in October/November of each year on fertil- izer subsidLes for the following campaign. Following discussions on the latter in December 1975 Government decided to reduce the subsidies for common fertilizer and urea from 73% and 80% respectively in 1974 to 56% and 30% in 1976. This is expected to result in a deficit of about US$9 million for the Stabilization Fund in 1976 as compared with US$15 million in 1975. 33. Similarly, during negotiations of the Sine Saloum project, Government agreed to adopt progressively more realistic producer prices for the major agricultural products and to consult with the Bank in April of each year on the level of these prices for the following campaign. The first such discus- sions were held in May 1976 on the occasion of the negotiations for the proj- ect described in this report. Government informed the Bank of the new prices for the 1976-77 campaign, mainly an increase of about 10% on average for millet, maize and cotton and no changes for groundnuts and paddy. These prices provide adequate incentives to farmers and are consistent with current world market prices.  Ap,ricultural Development Strategy 34. Government's objectives for agriculture are to increase the output of export crops in order to improve foreign exchange earnings, and to raise that of food crops in view of rising demand and imports. At the same time, Government aims to diversify national output, in order to diminish the impact of weather and price fLuctuations, and to reduce income disparities through regional development programs. 35. Accordingly, Government has undertaken projects to increase groundnut and millet production and productivity, especially in the Ground- nut Basin. Given the concentration of people in that area, this is the only practical short-term means for improving the livelihood of most of the rural population. Since, however, the agricultural potential of the Groundnut Basin is severely limited by unreliable rainfall, Government also has programs underway to: (a) diversify production through rice and cotton in rotation with groundnut and food crops in the higher rainfall areas of Casamance and Eastern Senegal; (b) develop the irrigation potential of the Senegal River; and (c) encourage migration of farmers from the heavily pop- ulated areas of the Groundnut Basin towards Eastern Senegal. 36. To continue implementing the strategy outlined above, Government recognizes the need to modify many of its policies. Some changes are already being made; others are necessary, but remain to be decided. With regard to prices and marketing: first, subsidies should be eliminated as quickly as possible to improve resource allocation and reduce the drain on public finances; and second, ONCAD's input distribution and marketing functions should be decentralized to the regional agencies and cooperatives in order to improve efficiency and reduce costs. 37. The establishment of regional development agencies is sound, be- cause PA is not designed to provide the intensive supervision required to move farmers to higher levels of productivity and because these agencies have managerial and administrative advantages over Government departments. However, they are not revenue earning and Government has so far relied heavily on available external assistance to cover their costs. The Gov- ernment is aware that exclusive reliance on external assistance to finance the operation of the regional agencies would be imprudent in the long run. Accordingly, and given the high priority of the agricultural sector in Senegal's development strategy, the Government has decided to study the necessary structural changes in the allocation of public savings (including the review of subsidies) to ensure an adequate financial support to the re- gional agencies.  - 10 - PART IV: THE PROJECT 38. The Government of Senegal has requested the assistance of IDA and the French Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique (CCCE) in financing a second phase of the Casamance Rice Project, Credit 252-SE, which was initiated in 1971 in the Sedhiou district (see Map IBRD 11923 - Project Area) and is now nearly completed. The objectives of the Second Sedhiou Project would be to increase and diversify agricultural and livestock production and raise the incomes of about 40% of the district's rural population. The project would be based on improved farm practices successfully introduced under the first project. The proposed project was prepared by the management of the first project with the assistance of the Bank's Resident Mission in Western Africa (RMWA) and consultants (INSTRUPA). It was jointly appraised by IDA and CCCE in October 1975 and joint negotiations were held in May 1976 with a Senegalese delegation led by His Excellency, Mr. Ousmane Seck, Minister of Planning and Cooperation. The appraisal report (No. 1094a-SE) is being circulated sepa- rately to the Executive Directors. Annex III provides a credit and project summary. Project Description 39. The project's objective would be to encourage farmers to adopt im- proved crop and livestock production techniques by supplying them with inputs, credit and technical assistance. The project would bring the 4,150 farm families (Category I) already participating in the first project to higher levels of technology and induce 3,250 farm families (Category II) now using traditional farming methods to adopt the improved cropping techniques which have proved effective under the first project. In addition the project would encourage 4,800 families from both groups to take up better livestock prac- tices. It would also help strengthen cooperatives by management training and by promoting the organization of cooperative unions. The project would bene- fit about 7,400 farm families (80,000 people in all), representing about 40% of the rural population of the district. It would be implemented during the mid-1976/mid-1980 period by the management unit (PMU) established to carry out the first project. 40. The proposed project would consist of: (a) strengthening the existing PMU to enable it to carry out its additional responsibil Lties; (b) promoting the use of improved farm practices, such as destumping, plowing, use of improved seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, different cropping patterns and animal traction; (c) promoting improved livestock husbandry through better animal health care and use of supplementary feedstuffs; (d) constructing and operating a feed mill;  - 11 - (e) establishing water-control schemes for the improvement of 1,650 ha of paddy rice fields, and financing a soil and hydrological survey of 15,000 ha of potentially irrigable land (see Map IBRD 11924 - Water Control Scheme); (f) settling about 400 farm families on an abandoned Government farm; (g) providing training facilities for project staff and farmers; (h) organizing the supply of farm implements, fertilizer, pesti- cides, and seeds, and distributing these to project farmers either for cash or under medium-term and seasonal credit arrangements; (i) installing 35 small cooperative-owned rice mills; (j) strengthening cooperative institutions in the project area; (k) monitoring and evaluating project activities; and (1) financing a regional planning unit that would prepare a master plan for the agricultural development of Casamance and which would subsequently prepare one or more of the development projects identified in such a plan. Management and Organi2ation 41. The management unit established under the first project, which has proved satisfactory, would remain essentially unchanged. The project would fall ultimately under the authority of a Regional Development Agency that Government proposes tc establish for promoting and coordinating rural de- velopment in Casamance' (see Section 3.01;(b) of the draft Credit Agreement). Key project staff would comprise the Project Manager and five Division Chiefs whose responsibilities would be as follows: (a) Extension: promoting improved agricultural and animal husbandry; training of field extension workers; (b) Cooperatives: assisting and supervising cooperatives in credit, procurement, input distribution and accounting; training of cooperatives and union staff; (c) Civil Works: preparing layouts and contracts for civil engineering works, supervision of works, maintenance of project's infrastructure, roads and equipment, including rice mills; (d) Planning and Evaluation: programming and monitoring project's activities and evaluating results; and (e) Finance and Administration: financing, accounting, personnel, general services and procurement.  - 12 - Project Cost and Financing 42. The total cost of the project based on mid-1976 prices, net of taxes (US$2.0 million) but includLng contingencies, is US$12.9 million. Foreign exchange costs are estimated at US$4.2 million, or 33% of costs net of taxes. The proposed IDA credit of US$6.3 million would be complemented by joint financing from CCCE equivalent to US$3.2 million. BNDS would contri- bute US$1.9 million to finance incremental farm equipment and inputs through seasonal and medium-term credit provided to farmers. Cooperatives would contribute US$0.1 million to cover 10% of the costs of rice mill construction and equipment. The balance of project costs would be financed by the Govern- ment. The financing plan is, thus, as follows: US$ Million Percentage IDA 6.3 49 CCCE 3.2 25 BNDS 1.9 15 Cooperatives 0.1 1 Government 1.4 10 Total 12.9 100 43. Government and colenders' contributions would be passed on as a grant initially to PMU, and afterwards to the Regional Agency. Colenders' contributions would cover the equivalent of total foreign exchange costs (US$4.2 million) and 61% of local costs (US$5.3 million). The latter would include allowances paid to civil servants (US$1.3 million), comprising trans- portation and housing, and arising as a direct result of the secondment of the staff concerned to the project. The proposed financing, including that of local costs, is justified, given the relatively low foreign exchange component of this high priority project and considering the difficulties which Senegal is facing in raising further its domestic savings in a period of deterioration of its terms of trade. Total consultants' services would amount to 49 man/ months for a total cost of US$300,000 in current prices, or US$74,000 per man/year on average. Procurement 44. The cost of civil works, equipment, farm implements, and vehicles would total about US$5.1 million. Individual contracts for buildings, water- control works, equipment and vehicles costing more than US$50,000 (aggregating about US$3.4 million) would be awarded on the basis of international competi- tive bidding in accordance with the Bank Group's guidelines for procurement. Locally manufactured goods would be allowed a preference of 15% or the level of applicable import duty, whichever is lower, when comparing domestic with foreign bids. Contracts for less than US$50,000 (expected to total US$1.4 million), including small buildings and wells, would be awarded on the basis of competitive bidding advertised locally and in accordance with procedures which are satisfactory to IDA. Equipment purchases, such as office furnish- ings and equipment for agricultural demonstrations, in amounts of less than US$10,000 (totalling US$0.3 million) would be purchased directly from local suppliers. Consultant services, including expatriate management staff (US$1.5  - 13 - million), would be obtained according to IDA's normal procedures. Fertilizers and pesticides (US$1.8 million), provided locally at competitive prices, would be procured by ONCAD according to local procedures acceptable to IDA. Seeds (US$0.4 million) would be procured directly by PMU from participant farmers. Disbursements 45. The IDA cre&it would be disbursed pari passu with the CCCE loan in the ratio of 2:1. The proceeds of the IDA credit would be disbursed to cover: (a) 50% of the costs of water control works and buildings--- US$0.67 million; (b) 44% of the costs of vehicles--US$0.09 million; (c) 53% of the costs of equipment--US$0.30 million; (d) 44% of the costs of rice and feed mills civil works and equipment, net of cooperatives' contribution--US$0.33 million; (e) 67% of the costs of project personnel on contract and of allowances paid to civil servants--US$2.90 million; (f) 60% of the operating costs--US$0.53 million; and (g) 67% of consLiltant services costs--US$0.15 million. US$1.33 million would be held unallocated. Disbursements would be against contracts and invoices for items (a), (b), (c), (d), for costs of expatriate personnel in (e), and for item (g). Disbursements against local contracted personnel in (e) and operating costs in (f) would be against statements of expenditures certified by the Project's Manager and the Finance and Admin- istration Division Chief, with the supporting documentation retained by PMU and made available for inspection during supervision missions. It would be conditions of disbursement against: (i) the cost of establishing the re- gional planning unit that the consultants required to carry out the master plan for the agricultural development of Casamance and prepare follow-up projects be employed with qualifications, experience and terms and condi- tions satisfactory to IDA; (ii) the personnel and operating costs relating to finalizing the above master plan and preparing follow-up projects that the Government and IDA agree on the specific terms of reference of the con- sultants responsible for such tasks; (iii) each annual investment program in rice mills that the Government and IDA agree on each such program; and (iv) the construction costs of the experimental polder that the results of the soil and hydrological survey become available and that relating recommendations be formulated in agreement between the Government and IDA (Schedule I, para 3 of the draft Credit Agreement).  - 14 - Benefits and Justification 46. The project's direct benefits would be increases in output of groundnuts, cereals, cotton and livestock products. At the end of the four-year development period the net economic value of project-induced incremental production in 1975 prices would be about US$4.1 million, rep- resenting a contribution of about US$3.4 million to Senegal's foreign ex- change earnings. 47. The global impact on incomes of both categories of participating farm families would be as follows: for the 4,150 families in Category I, average income per capita, in 1975 prices, would increase from US$73 in the year before the project to US$104 in the project's fourth year. For the 3,250 families in Category II, average income per capita would go up from US$42 in the year before the project to US$66 in project year four. These represent annual rates of increase of 9.% and 12%, respectively. In addi- tion, about 65% of project farmers (4,800 families) would be involved in project-supervised livestock production; average income per capita from such activity, including cattle sales and on-farm consumption of meat and milk, would increase from about US$5 to about US$10 during the project development period. 48. The economic rate of return of the project would be 23% over 15 years. Benefit decreases or cost increases of 20% would lower the project's economic rate of return to 14% and 15%, respectively. The project is expected, therefore, to bring a satisfactory return to the Senegalese economy. 49. In addition to the directly quantifiable benefits derived from increased production, the project would help organize cooperatives to deal effectively with the procurement and distribution of farm inputs, marketing of cereals and processing of paddy. It would also strengthen management and organization of the new regional agency and identify rural development possi- bilities in Casamance. PART V: LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AND AUTHORITY 50. The draft Development Credit Agreement between the Republic of Senegal and the Association, the Recommendation of the Committee provided in Article V, Section I(d) of the Articles of Agreement of the Associaiton and the text of a draft resolution approving the proposed credit are being dis- tributed to the Executive Directors separately. 51. Features of the draft Credit Agreement of special interest include: (i) those referred to in paragraphs 41 and 45 of this report, (ii) cross remedies in case of suspension or default under the CCCE loan agreement (Sections 5.01 and 5.02 of the draft Credit Agreement), and (iii) an addi- tional condition of effectiveness, namely that conditions of effectiveness under the CCCE loan agreement have been met.  - 15 - 52. 1 am satisfied that the proposed credit would comply with the Articles of Agreement of the Association. PART VI: RECOMMENDATION 53. I recommend that the Executive Directors approve the proposed development credit. Robert S. McNamara President Attachments Washington, D.C. June 10, 1976   ANNEX I Page 1 of h pages TABLE 3A SENCtOAL * SOC7.4L INDICATORS DATA SHCET LAND AREA (THOU KIM2) * .*s . ....... ...... -7;7Z ------ 74.2 SENEGAL REFERENCE COUNTRIES (1970) TOTAL 296*2 'tOST RECECNT AGRIC. 1960 1970 ESTIMATE GHANA IVORY COAST TUNISIA** GNP PER CAPITA (US$) 2J0.O* 250.0* 250.0* 250.0 320.0 320.0 .................... POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS ............................................._ POPULATInN (WIODYR, MILLION) 34a* 4,4* 0.7* 8.6 5-4 5.1 POPULATION DENSITY PER SOUARE KM. t7.0 22.0 24.0 36.0 16.0 31.0 PER SQ. KM. AGRICULTLIRAL LAND * VITAL STATISTICS CRUDE BIRTH RATE PER THOUSAND 43.2 12.3 . 47.0 46.0 38.0 CRUDE DEATH RATE PER THOUSAND 25.6 18.3 .. 18.0 23.0 14.0 INFANT MORTALITY RATF (/THOU) 93.0 256.0 ,, 1S6.0 .. 125.0 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BTRTH (YRS) 37.0 /a 41.0 44.0 46.0 4t.0 52.0 GROSS RFPROD)UCTIO RATE 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.4 POPULATION GROWTH RATE (X) TOTAL 2.1 2.7 2.7 2.6 3.L 2.1 URBAN 3,S 4.0 ,, 5.0 7.5 /a 3.1 /a URBAN POPULATION tX OF TOTAL) 23.0 29.0 .. 29.0 28.0 40.0 / AGE STRUCTURE (PFRCENT) 0 TO 14 YEARS 42.6 41.2 .. 46.9 42.4 46.3/b 25 TO 64 YEARS 53.6 54.9 49.5 54.9 50.2 /b 65 YEARS AND OVER 3S8 3.9 3.8 2.7 3.5 7T AGE DEPENDENC) RATI3 0.9 0.8 .. 1.0 0.8 1.0 /b ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY RATIO 1.2 b 1.2 / a . 1.4 0.9 /b -.B/1.c FAMILY PLANNTNG ACCEPTORS (CUMULATIVE, THOU) .. .. .. 10.9 112.2 USERS (I OF MARRIED WOUEN) ,, . *. 2.0 22.0 EMPLOYMENT .......... TOTAL LABOR FORCE (THOUSAND) 2300.0 1600.0 ,. 3300.0 2600.0 1300.0 LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (() .. 73.0 ,. 54.0 78.0 57.0/b JNEMPLOYED (2 OF LABOR FORCEl .. 7', .- 5.0 /a 9.0 12.0 7 INCOME DISTRIBUTION ................... t OF PRIVATE INCOME REC#D BY- AIGHEST S OF HOUSEHOLDS 36. 8/c . ., . 28.4 /c 23.5/d HIGHEST 20X OF HIUSEHOLDS 62.5 2 ,. *, 55 55,S/d LOWEST 20o OF HOUSEHOLDS 32 c ,, .- . 9. 4 2/d LOWEST 400 OF HOUSEHOLDS 9.4 a .. .- *- 10 b47 DISTRIBUTION UF LAND ODOERSHIP , _.... . . . . . .-. . . . . . I OWNED BY TOP 10X OF OWNERS ,, .. .. .. .. 53.0/e X JWNED 9Y SMALLEST 10X OWNEF'S ,. .. .. , 0.57w HEALTH AND NUTRITION POPULATION PER PHYSICIAN 20000.0/d 14940.0 14520.0 12950.0/b 21240.0 5950.0 POPULATION PER NURSING PERSON .. 2410.0 2030.0 1070o0o7 2480.0/d 730.0/f POPULATION PER HOSPITAL RED 760.0/e 730.0 /b 7S0.0 /a 760.0 t88.071 410:o.0g PER CAPITA SUPPLY OF . CALORIES (X OF REQUIREMENTS) 97.0 97.0 100.0 96.0 108.0 86.0 PROTEIN (GRAMS PER DAY) 64.0 64,0 65.0 46.0 60.0 54.0 -nF WHICH ANIMAL AND PULSE ,. 28.0 /c .. 10.0/c 18.0/e 24.0Lh DEATH RATE (/THOU) AGES 2.4 ,, .. ,, ., ,. t,5/b.i EDJCATION ADJUSTED ENROLLMENT RATIO PRIMARY SCHOOL - 38.0 /d h3.O 58.0 76.0 207,0 SECONDARY SCHOOL . 15.0 7i;e . .1.0 20.0 YEARS OF SCHOOLING PROVIDED (FIRST AND SECOND LEVEL) t3.0 23.0 23.0 25.0 13.0 23.0 VOCATIONAL ENROLLMENT (I OF SECONDARY) ., 7.0 ,, 23.0 7.0 34.0 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1) ,0,0 10.0 20.0 HOUSING PERSONS PER ROOM (AVERAGE) 1.5/f ., .. .. .. 2.7 /b JCCUPIED DWELLINGS WITHOUT PIPED WATER IX) t2.0 ,. ,, ,, ,, 60.0 /b ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY (x Of ALL DWELLINGS) 96.0 .. .. .. .. 24.0 /b RURAL DWELLINGS CONNECTED TO ELECTRICITY (%) ,. .. .. CO4SUMIPTION ........... RADIO RECEIVERS (PER THOU POP) 47,0 69.0 67.0 78.0 17.0 77.0 PASSENGER CARS (PER THOU POP) 8.0 900 9.0 4.0 )1.0 13.0 ELECTRICITY (KWH/YR PER CAP) 47,0 73.0 92.0 338.0 120.0 255.0 NEWSPRINT (KG/YR PER CAP) 0.' 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 SEE NOTES AND DEFINITIONS ON REVERSE  ANNEI I Page 2 of 6 pages Unless otherwise noted, data for 1960 refer to ocly year between 1959 and 1961, for 1970 between 1968 end 1970, and for Past Resect Estimate between 1971 nod 1973. In n recet deaographio cindy on Sene.gal, hank sperte found uoder-sasratios of childre in 1975 anounting to 0.7 idJlloc. Asoo.rdlogly, population figures for Senegal have been revised for the period 1960 tn 1975. oTunteta bhe been selected as so bje-tti- couLry besu- of som iialaity of its so -s'wth the Seosga1s .. coso...', iooluding favora ble prompeote for the d-velpre-t of fisheries and toris.. SENEGA1L 1960 /i 1957; b halios of population under i end 65 and ovrto Ltota labor Ioros; /. Population; /d 1963; /n i962, g-osrnen hoSpjLia sotablichnento; If Total, urannd rural a970 ati.osf population under 15 end 65 end I0cr to total labor forns; h GC-cernet honpit.1 establinheenta, 1964-66 ~4 Unadjoeted; ae Lower esosodary tIsel. MOST NECENT ESTIMATE, Ic Goc-oont hospital estahitah.esos. GHANA 1970 . Registered nseployad; /b Registered, not all practicing In the counr; /. 1966-68 ivoio Coil;r 1970 A 1965-70; PatioU of population under 15 end 65 end over to total labor force; . Inco... rec.ipient; Id G-ceon-t only; /e 16Ts-66. 1UN1SIA 1970 In 1956-66; /b 1966; /c Patio of ppalat-o under 15 nod 65 end over to total lnhbr forne; Id I.ooms rcipient; T. Covering b.5- io bectares of private lend, nocludlg 0.8 shUn- h.t,res in polite ownrship, end 2.1 million hectares of collective lend; If Porso-1e in gooer-.et nevlenony; /g Go-ecset hospital establinbeente only; /h 196h-66; ~ Registered only. P6, MloY 3, 1976 DEIr NITIONSO OP SOCIAL INDIC_ATORS Land Aren (thou be )pneoltio per srhepron-Population divided b ubro ci Tt1Total - enisrface area compriniog asd area and ine-d caters, wing male -sd faal grdatera, trained" or "certified erns, Agric. -Most recen.t estimate of agric1toral area used tonpocrlrly or Pet- and nomiliary personnel ith training or eaperien..c. nanetly for crops, pastres., sachet h bitches gardeno or to lie fallow Ppalation per hospital bed - Population divded by sober of bonpital bodeavilable is poblir .ed private gneral aod spociali-ed hospital CNP pecr-coitn (US0) - CliP percapita eatimate at narhet prie..s,. alcolated nod crhbiliso.inocenters; .ncloden nam.ing hoses and establieh ..sem by a -acovrion sechod as World snob Atlna (1972-74 basin). fnr co_ dia noId p.-rovsto care Per asit -ope of calories f oh Cearnc) -Copated froc PPoelacio and aital tcatintiow eorgy eqo~Ivale"t of set food suppliew avilobls Is c-oomry per Population (mid-yr. million) - do of Juty fires; if not -eilable, averge capito Per day , avi obt nopplien coPrise duoctic prodocilo, ef two end-year eocimates. imports lees emporte, and changes to atok, set sopplion soclado noinni feed, aseds, quantities used In fond proneaing and Ib..ea in towaion do..c. -t ee ,nnre Ion - Mid-year popolotio par eqooro hiSs- discrihotio; rsqoireaste were eatinated by FAO base.d on phynis- senr (100 hectaren) of tal ra.ogicltseeds for 005mmt1 activity and health considern cIro- Poonlation density - per enors Ia of agric. laod - Composed a, above for osl ne rot.ar'o, bd egt,aoadsednrbto o agrioltora1 land only. popalation, nod elowing 10Z for -nto at hbos.ehold 1-so. Per c tat sapply of protein (grams per day) - Protein cotent of per Vital saraiestics capita set aepply of fend Per day, set supply of fond is defimed an Crad bith rots per thoamad -A--Ia lIve birtha per thossa.nd of aid-year above; reqoirnaear for all cesatries established by UD lENASonomc ppltion; usually five-year average coding In 1960, 1970 and 1975 for Seseaph Services provid. for a s.isio- loac of 60 gre,o of developing c-ntria. total prosein pe:r day, and 20 gram of animal ond paine preteim, of Crude death rate per thousad - Anema deatha per thousad of old-year whie 10 gra'n hbosId he -imaI prrotin; thac --adacda are lowr population; usually fiv-yea av -gneding In 1900, 1970 aed 19 75 for than choe ni 7) gron, of total protein and 23 gran of saimni developing co-tries. proteim aa an avrage for the wold, proponed by PAO is the Third J.fa-t mortality rate (thee) - A-man deathn of isfases andes on year of-age World Food Survy. per thousn-d liv births. Par capita rotein appl PrsaImaVad ple-Protein supply of food Life _enpet-ncy as birth (yrs) - Average somber of years of life resine derived 6mr, "snima an,dfpoises Is grams per day. at birth, ussaly "fv-year averges ending Io 1960, 1970 and 1975 ifor Dents rate f/thou) nan 1-4 - Annual dea ths Per thousad in age groap dve-leping cs= trien.' 1-4 yerars, en children is this age group; suggested aaanhdie....r Cross reproduction race - Average number of liv daughters a'oswill bear of malntrition. IIs e aea .roprodaptive Period if she enperi-esre prenet tgs-apeeifito fortut mien ; usualy five-year averages endig is 1960, 19)0 and 1971 Edocatlon Pfor deeloping counries Adlst-d o froloot rati - primar sc,husSi- Enrolimet mf a)) agen a Pcplatio grouch rats MX - total - Cospovd onua growth rates of nid-yenr percentage of riay shol-age Popolato, insleado childre. aged popoltaton for 1950-60, 1960-70, nod 1960 to eont rec-te year. 6-11 y-ear hut adjoted for different leagthn of primary eduaction; Psuategoth rae 1 - orhan C-Coputd like grouch rate ol total for co-ntries with onivr-1 education, earolsent nay emcee d 10071 ppltion diffeetdeiiion faro rnamyafectcoprblt nioce a pupils arc helms or above the official schomi age. of doteeog conaa lee. Adlus ted erollment rai eemadar arhoI - Computed as abov; Urban oeltion CX0 total)- ti, of arbas to total population, diffe- secodaryd. dutio reures at lease fou years of apprevd primary rant defiitionsof rhan area=myaffect copa rability of datm msog Inatrotio; provides ge...al, v-taion-1 or teacher traiiag countries. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~isactuctiou for peptin of 12 to 17 years of age, rerrpenpdonce Mearcse(prercnt) - Children (0-16 years), working-age (15-hiyar) courses are' generally e-ntuded. and retirted(6yer and over) as pecconagen of mid-year population. Ter of schootling provided fit andisecond level) - Total years of A&e dependency ratio -Ratio of population oudr 15 and 65 and over to thon coln;a sodaylvl oatnlintuto a opr of ages 15' throughr66 tially arespletely oncluded, geonosic dependen rtio -_Patio of population omder 15 and 65 ned ove to Vonationa enoIetf of asoudne - Voactional mnstitotioen the labor ferc is ge group of 15-64 year. incue Id stohmical, induarcil or ocher prograca `hich.operate inde- Po_tly Pain_ - aceptops fe oI,taiv- thou) - Comoltive sob-r of pendotly or me deperbmet.oef secondary institutions aceeptors of birth-e-te-1 devises od-r auspices of national fonily PlIn-- Muair literay rate (4) - Literate adlta (able to nd sad write) an sing progr= simoe inception, percenage. of total ada1t population aged 15 years mad ovr. Fonily eP"nig-sen t f mrid oe)-Peroontagee of married woe f child-bearin ag (1544 yean h s irth-pontro1 deoleent en auing all married wome In ano ago group. Perosonaor coon (avrage) - Average somber of peresna per roo in -.,aPied convetional delliaga Is barha Iam ; dwellings em.elde ftploomeot s-po anet struoturo aond ono-pied Peers. Total labor (sree fthouaad) - Econoiclrly active persons, inclodiag arsd tcsiddelio iha piped water D1 ccupied c-eotionaj foees nod __oPIayd bet socloding honoesive, atodesco, It- ; defini- dwellings In urban nod rural arson without inside or outaide piped tins is various costrina are oat comperable. water facilities as P--eetcge of all eeeepied doaIliaga. Labor force im, airi-ulcue (5 - Agricaltara1 labor forc (is farniag, A....s to sl1ctririty ft of all dueIlises) - Convetionl dwellings forestry, hooting end fiahing) an percentage of total labor fre., with electricity In living quarters at percet of total dwellings Ilnoplsyed CX of l.abo fo-rce-) - Unonplsyed are usually defined an persono in urhan and rual-rI n who are able nod willi.g to take a Job, our of a Job o give day, aural dualli=s conneted to el1otricirty Computed as above for ronaimsd out of aJob, and seeking week for a specified minions period rura dweligsoly. nor ...e.edig one wek; may sot he comparable btet.se coontrie doe to dlffer-te def initions of onplyed end source of data, e.g. , omploymet Cnption offiee statistics, sample uves compulsory omoploymet iamac.Rado eivsrs (one thou pp) - All types of recivers for radio hemadcas ta genera pulic per thusad sof ppuletion; ecldes Sinu- distribution - Perc..ntags of prIvate incm (both in c..h and hind) oliconed ressi"ene in cntriea end in years olhon registratlo of receIved by riehest 5%, richest 20%, poores t 201, and poorest 40% of radio sees wa is effect, data fec enoat yeme nay mat be eompar- honho1do. able since must sootrins abolished licensing. Pa.se..er car (par thou pee) - Paseg roes rompriae motor cr Distribstion of loud ownerhip - Percentages of land owed by wealIthiIat seaIn less cho eight persons eciades oubulncee, hearses ond 10% and poocest 10% of leod ownrs, military vbehile.. Eleetricity (km/a/yr per rap) - Aan-Ia censoption of industrial, cn Uselth and Nutrition __eia, pblie sod private electricity in kilowtt hours per Population one physicion - Population divided by somber of pra.cticig oapita, generally basad on pradotion data, wichout a11o-nee far physcians qualified from a medical achoo1 at oinivcety leve. lousem in grids hat allowing for imports and emporta of electricity. Newsprint (kg/ft pr cn)_ Per capita ansel -osoption in kilgacee esiatd from domestIc prodction pies eel imprta of newsprint.  S 0-0 00 -o rb0.ooio 4.oOjO 9i9999Io I - I. - - tiOiNO 990 0 -$ Oeit- 0 00990' - 99 9'O.-04.i00 -99b -- 0 .0(-it-i9910 NNO.-.12 c.-.or - - -- .0'r--.-. 0 -.409- 0 I 9-04 4 00 004,-0 00-00  - 000.4 4000- 4-40 . : t 4 -- - I-. L --I - . iS j.S AS n0990 99.00 40c]g ::10099 ? 0...]0 00? -c 0'4 .0 40-440 00400 040940 *  -- -- 00 -.4- -o 4.4 I - - * 0 - * B * 9-4094094 -.r-.0 -i.-04N 09-094 -0 00 I I -s *i.  -: Oc --t -w i0440 0904 -i A i I. pa LI 09  oc so * - 40 UO 0-i> Si.