Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File MENERJI ELEKTRIK URETIM PAZ. SAN. VE TIC. LTD. STI. E2065 V26 YUCE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT PROJECT INFORMATION FILE (PIF) G RESUN PROVINCE, DEREL DISTRICT Prepared by: Selin Consultancy Company March 2009 1. PROJECT PARTICULARS* (In the project particulars, the aspects indicated below should be kept in view) *: The original PIF Report (in Turkish) is 198 pages and approved by Turkish authorities. Only sections relevant to environmental impacts and monitoring has been translated to English for Infoshop disclosure a) The work flow chart of the project, capacity, area covered, technology and the number of personnel to be employed Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Menerji Elektrik Üretim Da t m Pazarlama Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. ti. has planned to construct the Yüce Hydro Power Plant (HES) on the Yüce and Güdül Creeks within the boundaries of the Dereli District of Giresun City. Constructing hydro power plants within the scope of renewable energy and utilizing the existing hydro electricity potential bears a great importance for our country. In our country, where the second highest price is paid for industrial power in Europe, the number of the electrical power generating plants, which is one of the important inputs for the industry, has to increase as a requirement of the economy. In this increase, the hydro power, which does not require any raw material cost, plays an important role. The power consumption shows increases and decreases at certain hours of the day. The hydro power plants are the leading power generation facilities in meeting the peak demand, which can be brought offline easily as required. In addition to the foregoing, the per capita energy consumption in a country is considered as an indication showing the development and living standard of the country and Turkey is way behind many countries in that regard. In our country, the peak time power requirement is 50600 MW and the energy needed is 307970 GWh. Our country possesses 1% of the world’s hydro power potential and 15% of the Europe’s potential. Our hydro power potential, which can be utilized economically, has been determined as 122420 GWh by the relevant organizations. The rate of increase in the power consumption in our country is high and importing power is becoming a burden for the economy. In order to surmount this situation as soon as possible, the renewable domestic power generating facilities such as the hydro power plants have to be commissioned without delay. In the project area and its vicinity; a land survey has been conducted in order to determine the flora and fauna characteristics of the area as well as the geological, hydro-geological and hydrological conditions and the existing environmental characteristics of the region. The “Yüce HES Feasibility Report (November-2008) has been utilized while preparing the report. The maps and the report containing the Geological, Hydrological and Tectonic studies prepared by the company that will realize the project have also been incorporated in the Project Information File. Project Description; The construction period for the Regulator-1 planned to be constructed on the Yüce Creek at elevation 870 m, Regulator-1 planned to be constructed on the Güdül Creek at elevation 868,40 m and the construction of the HES facilities is planned as 2 years. With the commissioning of the system at the end of this period, a total of 31,91 GWh of power shall be generated by the two-unit Hydro Power Plant with a total installed turbine power of 10,134 MW at the present flow rates. • The installed power of the HES is 10,134 MW. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File With the characteristics indicated above, the Project is one of the projects that merit the preparation of project information file according to the ÇED Regulation Annex-2 “List of the Projects for which the Selection-Screening Criteria are to be Applied, Art. 28 (river type power plants with an installed power of 0,5 MV and above). The Yüce HES shall be constructed at approximately 7 km south of the Dereli District Center, on the right bank of the Yüce Creek, with a tail-water elevation of 500 m. Regulator 1 shall be constructed on the Yüce Creek at 870 m talveg elevation. The waters received through the Regulator 1 shall be left to rest in the sedimentation pond and then shall be directed to the left bank of the Güdül Creek via the 1700 m- long conduction tunnel. Regulator 2 shall be constructed on the Güdül Creek at 868,40 m talveg elevation. The waters received through the Regulator and the waters directed from Regulator 1 shall be sent to the loading pond via the 1750 m-long conduction tunnel. The waters accumulated in the loading pool shall be conducted to the plant building by means of the 2740 m-long penstock to be constructed. After being used for the turbines in the 2-unit plant building with a 10,134 MW installed power, the waters shall be returned back to the Yüce Creek (pls. See Figure-1). Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Figure 1: Sketch showing the arrangement of the Project facilities Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File The facilities to be constructed under the Project; • Regulators: 4 m-high Regulator-1 on Yüce Creek and 3,5 m-high Regulator-2 on Güdül Creek • Conduction Tunnel, 1700 m-long and 3,0 meter-diameter used for transferring the waters from the Yüce creek to the left bank of the Güdül Creek • Conduction Canal, 2053,7 m in total ¾ Conduction Canal 1 (268,50 m) ¾ Conduction Canal 2 (35,20 m) ¾ Conduction Canal 3 (1750 m) • Loading Chamber • Penstock, 2740 m-long • HES; a 2-unit power plant building, installed power 10,134 MW The plans and cross-sectional views of the above facilities are given in attachment to the report (pls. See Annex-8) The materials needed for the constructions under the project (cement, sand- gravel) shall be obtained by purchasing from outside. Therefore, no mining shall be done for the materials under the project and no concrete plant or crushing-sieving etc. facilities shall be erected. Proposed facilities ¾ Regulator-1 The location of the Regulator 1 is at 11 km south of the Dereli District Center on the Yüce Creek. The elevation of the creek’s bed at the Regulator location is 870 m. The regulator body upper elevation is 868,20 m and the weir threshold elevation is 871,5 m and the length of the weir is 10 m. The Regulator, which is contemplated to be 3,5 m-high from the creek’s bed, shall be of the Tirol type. The angle of the water intake grids on the Regulator with the horizontal line shall be 200. The grid bar spacing shall be 0,4 m. The highest water level for 100 years of repeated flooding is 873,5 m. The waters taken through Regulator-1 shall be forwarded after resting in the settling (precipitation) pond. The particles larger than 0,2 mm shall be collected at the bottom of the settling pond. The length of the pond shall be 28 m and the width 5 m. The conduction tunnel is located at the end of the silt settling pond. The gravel at the left side of the weir shall be temporary. The gravel passage shall be made for the purpose of for conducting the creek waters safely to the outlet of the regulator when the operator needs to intervene with the Regulator internal canal and the grids as well as releasing the first water to the creek bed regularly. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File ¾ Regulator-2 The location of the Regulator 2 is at 9 km south of the Dereli District Center on the Güdül Creek. The elevation of the creek’s bed at the Regulator location is 868,40 m. The regulator body upper elevation is 872,20 m and the weir threshold elevation is 871,70 m and the length of the weir is 10 m. The Regulator, which is contemplated to be 3,5 m-high from the creek’s bed, shall be of the Tirol type. The angle of the water intake grids on the Regulator with the horizontal line shall be 200. The grid bar spacing shall be 0,4 m. The highest water level for 100 years of repeated flooding is 872,72 m. The particles larger than 0,2 mm shall be collected at the bottom of the settling pond. The length of the pond shall be 35 m and the width 5 m. The conduction tunnel is located at the end of the silt settling pond A gravel passage shall be placed in front of the water intake orifice at the right side of the weir. The gravel passage shall be made for the purpose of for conducting the creek waters safely to the outlet of the regulator when the operator needs to intervene with the Regulator internal canal and the grids as well as releasing the first water to the creek bed regularly ¾ Conduction Line • Conduction Tunnel The conduction tunnel redirecting the waters of the Yüce Creek to the Güdül Creek is located at the right hand side of the Regulator-2 lake and is 1714 m-long. At the cross-section, the basket handle’s diameter is 3,0 m and the length is 1700 m. Although the tunnel might have a smaller diameter according to the calculations made, the tunnel diameter was still taken as 3,0 m due to the difficulty of opening a tunnel with a smaller diameter. The floor elevation of the conduction tunnel, the slope of which was selected to be 0.0005, is 869 m, and the floor elevation at the exit is 868,5 m. The project flow rate to be forwarded through the tunnel operating on free surface shall be Qmax. = 2.8 m3/s. The height of the water inside the tunnel at this project flow rate is 0,88 m. The entire tunnel shall be covered in 0.30 m concrete. The existing roads at the project location shall be used for accessing the intake and outlet of the tunnel. • Conduction Canal The conduction canal shall transfer the flow taken through Regulator-1 and Regulator-2 to the loading pool of the Yüce Power Plant. The project flow rate of the conduction canal, which is contemplated to be on the left bank of the creek bed, is 3.6 m3/s. The floor width of the conduction canal, which is contemplated to be 1750 m- long with an inclination of 0.0005 and rectangular box type cross-section, is 2,2 m and the water height is 1,57 m. It is dimensioned to allow free-surface flow with a 0,2 m air clearance. The concrete coating thickness of the canal shall be 0,2 m. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Furthermore, after the waters arriving from Regulator-1 are forwarded to the left bank of the Güdül Creek by means of the tunnel, they shall be connected to the waters taken from Regulator-2 outside the settling pond. ¾ Loading (Charging) Pool The function of the loading pool is to provide a sufficient amount of water when the units are loaded and to prevent the uncontrolled waters coming through the conduction canal when the units are unloaded from spreading around and avoiding any damages to the environment by means of the overflow penstock. Furthermore, a silt discharge channel has been considered in order to clean out the silt accumulating at the bottom of the pool. Te length of the loading pool is 18 m, width 10 m and depth 4 m. The normal water level in the loading pool is 867.43 m, highest water level 867.72 m and lowest water level is 863.43 m. ¾ Penstock The route of the Yüce HES penstock has been shown in the Figure in the best possible manner technically and economically, keeping the geological and topographical conditions in view. The loss and diameter curve has been plotted for the project flow rate determined for diameters between 0.8 m and 2.0 m with 0.2 m increments, on which selecting a diameter of 1.1 m, which is the diameter causing the minimum loss, has been decided. When the water passes at the selected project flow rate of 3.6 m3/s, the speed of the water in the penstock shall be 3.78 m/s. While placing the penstock ducts, first the sound rock shall be excavated along the route on the left bank of the Güdül Creek until 0+425 km and the support masses shall be buried in the rock bed. Expansion joints shall be placed between the fixed supports in order to prevent the penstock from being affected by the temperature changes. The bottom of the entire penstock shall be covered with concrete and drainage ditches shall be made on the sides.Thereafter, the penstock shall continue at a given incline at the left bank of the Güdül Creek and led to the right bank of the Güdül Creek (Photograph 1). At the passage from the left bank of the Güdül Creek to the right bank of the Güdül Creek, it shall be led to the right bank of the Güdül Creek and shall reach the plant building buried under the road at the right bank. First a channel shall be excavated along this route, a concrete bed shall be laid for the penstock and the duct shall be closed later on in compliance with the standards. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Photograph 1: A view of the Penstock Hillside after the Loading Pool Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File ¾ Hydro Power Plant The plant building shall be located approximately 7 km south of Dereli District Center on the right bank of the Yüce Creek and shall be arranged so that the tail- water elevation shall be 500 m. The plant building shall be 30 m long, 16 meters wide and 18.00 m high. At the place, where the plant building is to be constructed, the highest flow rate for 100 years of repeated flooding has been found as 64.5 m3/s. The power plant periphery elevation calculated according to this flow rate shall be 502 m. ¾ Switching room Before the Yüce HES projects are connected to the system, the switching panels comprised of enclosed cells shall be installed in the switchgear room in the plant building. Table 1: General Characteristics of the Yüce HES Facilities Hydrology Regulator-I Regulator-II 2 Regulator location rain area 56.4 km 14.4 3 3 Regulator location mean flow 1.16 m /s 0.30 m /s 3 3 Regulator location mean annual total flow 36.56 hm 9.32 hm 3 3 100 year repeated flooding flow rate 48.12 m /s 17.51m /s Regulator and Water Intake structure Regulator-I Regulator-II Type Trol Type Trol Type Elevation of the Creek bed 868,20 m 868.40 m Penstock threshold elevation 871.5 m 871,70 m Highest water level 873.5 m 872,72 m Crest elevation 874 m 873,20 m Grid length 10 m 10 m Grid width 2.00 m 2.00 m Grid angle 20° 20° Spacing of the grid bars 0.04 m 0.04 m Conduction tunnel Cross-section Basket handle Tunnel diameter 3.00 m Water depth 0.88 m Length 1714 m Slope 0.0005 3 Project flow rate 2.80 m /s Conduction Canal 1 Cross-section Rectangular box Floor width 1,9 m Water height 1.51 m Length 268,5 m Slope 0.0005 3 Project flow rate (Qmax) 2,8 m /s Conduction Canal 2 Cross-section Rectangular box Floor width 1,0 m Water height 0,74 m Length 35,2 m Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Slope 0.0015 3 Project flow rate (Qmax) 0,8 m /s Conduction Canal 3 Cross-section Rectangular box Floor width 2,2 m Water height 1,57 m Length 1750 m Slope 0.0005 3 Project flow rate (Qmax) 3,6 m /s Loading pool Normal water elevation 867.43 m Highest water elevation 867.72 m Pool width x length 10 m x 18 m Penstock Type Constructed in the open (Supported)/ Buried Diameter 1.1 m Length 2740 m Flesh thickness 8 mm – 14 mm Hydro Power Plant Type River type Building length 30 Building width 16 Building height 18 Turbine Type Horizontal shaft Pelton Installed power 10.134 MW 3 Project flow rate 3.6 m /s Number of units 2 Equal units Unit power 5,456 MW Tail-water elevation 500 m Gross drop 365,98 m Turbine axle elevation 501.45 m Efficiency at maximum flow rate 0.90 Maximum efficiency 0.92 RPM 600 d/d Specific velocity 29,14 (m.kW) Generator Type Horizontal shaft, synchronized Number 2 Power factor 0.85 Generator power (Unit power) 6111 kVA Voltage 6.3 kV Frequency 50 Hz RPM 600 d/d Unit Transformers Type Power transformer Number 2 pieces Power (Unit power) 6111 kVA Nominal voltage 33/6.3 kV Frequency 50 Hz Connection assembly YNd5 Cooling ONAN Internal-use Transformer Type Distribution Transformer Number 1 pc. Power 200 kVA Nominal voltage 33/0.4 kV Frequency 50 Hz Connection assembly Dyn 5 Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Cooling ONAN Annual power generation Prime power : 5.3 GWh Secondary power : 26,61 GWh Total power : 31,91 GWh ¾ Construction works; There is no problem in accessing the project location. However, building some roads shall be required in order to reach the facility locations completely during the construction. Changes might take place in the existing topography of the land due to the operations to be carried out during the construction of the project such excavation, filling, leveling, material receiving-discharging, road construction and improvement works. The first operation is cleaning the land. In that regard, the price of the trees to be cut shall be paid to the Regional Forestry Directorate and Forest Operations Offices. Subsequent to the said cleaning operation, the vegetation-bearing soil layer shall be stripped off. This layer shall be stored in convenient places (vegetation- bearing soil storage area) to be used for covering the surface during the landscaping works later on. The excavation and filling works shall be carried out thereafter. The total excavation required under the Project for the regulators, settling pond, conduction tunnel, conduction canal, loading pool, penstock and HES building is approximately 226.056 m3. The rubble to be generated by the excavation works under the project shall be stored in the excavation area+ vegetation-bearing soil storage area to be designated. During the construction stage of the Yüce HES project explosives shall be used for only conduction tunnel construction. The conduction tunnel shall be bored starting from the Regulator-2 intake and loading pool location at the same time. The explosive works shall not be carried out simultaneously. The explosions shall be made in small steps and delayed fuses shall be used. The Photographs of the Project area are given attached to the report (Pls. See Annex. -6). The vegetation-bearing soil shall be stored separately from the excavated materials and used again for restoring the site to its former condition once the construction work is completed. The rubble from excavation shall under no circumstances be poured in to the stream beds. In order to reduce the risk of landslide during storage in the temporary storage area, the excavation rubble shall not be stored more than 3 m-high. Number of holes required for a month’s work : 2700 holes/month Number of blasts per month : 120 Number of holes to be blasted per session (Using delayed fuses) : 15 pcs Amount of material to be obtained from one hole : 2,5 m3 Amount of explosives to be used for one hole : 1,4 kg/pcs Hole depth required for one month’s work : 2700x2.5= 6750 meters Hole explosive charge rate : 0,66 Hole compaction rate : 0,34 Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Charge length required for monthly work : 2700x0,825=2227,5 meters Hole diameter : 32 mm Hole depth : 2,5 m Monthly charge volume : 1,79 m3 Compacted ANFO density : 0,78 g/cm3 Monthly ANFO required : 21 kg x 180 = 3750 kg Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File The work flow chart for the Yüce HES project is given in Table-2. The work completion plan is submitted in attachment to the report (Pls. See Annex-11) Table 2 : Work flow chart for the Yüce HES construction CONSTRUCTION OF THE YARD ADMIN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION OF THE MAIN-SERVICE ROADS CONSTRUCTION OF THE REGULATOR FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION OF THE CONDUCTION CANAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE LOADING POOL CONSTRUCTION OF THE PENSTOCK FOUNDATION AND SERVICE ROAD PENSTOCK PRODUCTION AND INSTALLATION CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT BUILDING AND AUXILIARIES SELECTION AND PRODUCTION OF THE ELECTRO-MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT TRANSPORTATION OF THE ELECTRO-MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION OF THE HYDRO-MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT CONSTRUCTION OF THE SWITCH YARD CONSTRUCTION OF THE UNIT FACILITIES AND STARTING THE OPERATIONS ¾ Excavation Area + vegetation-bearing soil storage area A portion of the excavation materials generated under the project shall be re- used in the construction area. The unused portion shall be stored in the excavation area + vegetation-bearing soil storage area. The rubble from excavations during the construction phase of the project shall not be poured in to the stream beds (in order not to constrict the stream bed or disrupt the stream flow regime etc.). In the event the excavation area + vegetation- bearing soil storage area are planned to be by the stream beds, the permission/approval of the Chief Civilian Authority in the region shall be obtained inline with the opinion of the relevant institutions, in particular the Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry and DS (State Hydraulic Works) General Directorate before starting the operations. At each stage of the Project’s construction, the Control of the Excavation Dirt, Construction and Wreckage Debris Regulation shall be abided with. The rubble from excavation shall under no circumstances be poured in to the stream beds. In order to reduce the risk of landslide during storage in the storage area, the excavation rubble shall not be stored more than 3 m-high. When the construction is completed, the excavation area + vegetation-bearing soil storage area shall be rectified and made green again before leaving the area. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Access Conditions: The plant building shall be constructed at the left side of the Kümbet road junction of the Dereli- ebinkarahisar highway. When we turn to the Kümbet road and continue until the Güdül village, the penstock route remains on the left hand side. When we continue passed the Güdül village, the Regulator-1 site and construction site is reached after about 3 km. Land utilization : The map showing the land utilization in the project site and its vicinity is given attached to the report (Pls. See Annex-2). As can be seen from the attached map, the entire project area is comprised of the lands with Class VII utilization ability. Inhabited Areas The inhabited areas near the Yüce HES project site and their approximate distances are given below: Unit Inhabited Area Distance Direction HES building Residences 50 m North-Northwest Penstock Güdül Village 50 m West Loading pool Güdül Village 200 m Northeast Regulator 2 Meryemana quarter 185 m Northeast Regulator 1 Yaylog quarter 120 m East Sarayc k quarter 175 m Southwest The canal route between Regulator 2 and Loading pool Yara quarter 50 m West Personnel to be employed and Housing Approximately 75 persons are planned to be employed during the construction phase of the Project and 15 personnel for the operating phase. A construction site shall be erected out of containers to accommodate the employees. The location of the construction site is indicated on the map provided (Pls. See Annex-1). Dormitories, kitchen, mess-hall, administrative units, infirmary, showers and toilettes shall be provided in the site. The facilities listed shall be removed after completing the construction works. The environmental effect anticipated under the scope of the project and the measures to be taken are summarized below: Environmental effects; Since the Yüce HES shall be constructed for producing energy and a sufficient amount of water shall be released to the creek’s bed during the operating stage, no adverse effects shall be created for the environment. Some temporary adverse effects on the environment may take place during the construction phase only. Such effects shall be eliminated or minimized by the measures that shall be taken under the light of the relevant legislations mentioned in the report. Therefore, it is considered that positive effects should be obtained with the energy yield of the project. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File The impact of the project on the economical structure shall be twofold. The first impact is regional. Employment opportunities shall be provided for the people in the area during the construction phase of the facility. This opportunity shall increase the income of the people in the area and prevent migration, albeit temporarily. The positive impact on the economical structure shall reflect on the social lives as well. The hydro power plants are the cleanest systems that can be employed for power production. No emissions shall be present that could pollute the air, water and soil during the operating phase. Explosives shall be used for conduction tunnel only under the project. A small amount of dust and noise shall be generated momentarily due to the explosions at the tunnel mouths. The dust to be created by the blasts inside the tunnel shall settle down and shall not spread around. Moreover, a ventilation system shall be provided during the construction of the tunnel. Since the conduction tunnel has a small diameter, small scale explosions shall be used. Therefore, the tremors shall be at a very low level. Furthermore, since the tunnel shall be opened below the surface, no effects shall be felt on the surface. Because small-diameter holes shall be used for the blasts in general and the charges shall be kept small, large delay intervals have been used. The purpose here is to allow an adequate amount of time for each line and blasting each line during the intervals thus obtained. By keeping the delay times long, the ground tremors caused by the explosion are also reduced. A resting and promenade area shall be provided for the population of the area with the project. The second impact is national. The facility is important for the economy of Turkey as well in terms of meeting the energy need shortage and connecting the surplus production to the national system. 9 Waste water; For the domestic waste water to be generated by the personnel to be employed during the Yüce HES project construction a package waste water treatment facility shall be installed in the construction site. The treated water shall be discharged to the Güdül Creek. An application shall be made to the Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry and a discharge permit shall be obtained for the package waste water treatment plant. 15 people shall be employed during the operating phase. A leak-proof cesspool shall be made by the HES building for the waste water generated by the employees. A leak-proof cesspool shall be made for the waste water generated by the employees that shall work during the operating phase of the Yüce HES project. As the sealed cesspool becomes full, it shall be emptied by the sewage trucks from the Giresun municipality against a fee. A protocol shall be signed with the municipality regarding this issue. 9 Solid wastes; The household solid wastes generated during both the construction and operating stages shall be collected in the covered garbage containers provided in the Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File site in bags and disposed of by dropping in to the garbage containers in the vicinity serviced by the municipality. They shall be placed in the garbage containers serviced by the municipality. The recyclable wastes generated during the construction and operating stages shall be sorted and sent to the licensed collection facilities. A portion of the excavation debris generated after the construction shall be reused for the road improvement works in the construction site. The unused portions shall be dumped in to the excavation area + vegetation-bearing soil storage area. 9 Waste oils; The oil change and maintenance of the vehicles and machinery to be used during the construction stage shall be made in the construction site. The waste oils generated during the maintenance works in the construction site shall be collected in separate leak-proof containers and shall be delivered to the licensed recycling or disposal facilities according to the category of the waste oils as per the Control of Waste Oils Regulation. The waste oils shall be stored temporarily in compliance with he Control of Waste Oils Regulation and a waste declaration shall be submitted to the Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry each year. The waste frying oil generated by the kitchen in the construction site shall also be collected in separate containers and delivered to the licensed recycling facilities as per the Control of Waste Vegetable Oils Regulation. The hazardous wastes such as the cotton waste wads and gloves contaminated with oil/fuel shall be delivered to the licensed disposal facilities as per the Control of the Hazardous Wastes Regulation. The hazardous wastes generated shall be stored temporarily in compliance with he Control of Hazardous Wastes Regulation and a waste declaration shall be submitted to the Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry each year. 9 Dust emission; Some dust shall be emitted during the excavation and blasting operations at the tunnel entry and exit during the construction works under the project. The following measures shall be taken in order to minimize the dust to be emitted: • Loading and unloading shall be carried out without hurling, • The work area shall me wetted during the hot and dry weather, • The trucks shall be covered with tarpaulin while transporting outside the construction area. 9 Noise; Any noise to be generated by the project shall arise out of the work machines to be employed during the construction stage, blasting, crushing-sieving plant and the concrete plant. The limit values prescribed by the Environmental Noise Assessment and Management Regulations shall be abided with. The noise shall arise out of the work machines to be employed during the construction stage and blasting activities. The Acoustical Report is given attached to the report (Pls. See Annex-12). 9 Fish passage; Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File For perpetuating the living conditions of the migrating fish known to exist in the work area under the present conditions, providing fish passages is unavoidable for this regulator as well. The fish gate shall be a structure to be used by the fish packed in a limited space while migrating upwards and downwards. 9 The amount of the first watering to be released to the to the creek’s bed continuously to sustain the natural life: The Tennant Method has been used in order to determine the amount of the first watering to be released to the to the creek’s bed continuously to sustain the natural life. According to this method, 10% of the average annual flow arriving at the Regulators is taken. The natural flows incoming to the Regulator-1 and Regulator-2 are given in the paragraphs below and the first watering to be released has been calculated by taking their annual average values. Yüce HES Project Site Flow Calculation The water to be used for power production at the Yüce HES project shall be directed to the left bank of the Güdül Creek by means of the Regulator 1 to be constructed at the 870 m elevation of the Yüce Creek and the flow in the Güdül Creek shall be taken by the Regulator 2 to be constructed at 868.40 m elevation and conveyed to the loading pool after combining with the flow from the Yüce Creek. For obtaining the daily natural flow values at the Regulator-1 and Regulator-2 locations, the 22- 90 AG and 2213 Agi intermediary basin flow values have been utilized. • Natural Flow at the Regulator-1 location The water supply table for the Regulator-1 location has been prepared according to the ratio of the rain areas. To do that, the intermediary basin flows of the DS stations no. 22-90 and E E 2213 have been multiplied by the ratio of the Regulator-1 rain area (56.4 km2), to the intermediary basin rain area (242.8 km2) and carried to the Regulator location. The monthly and annual average flow values of the Regulator-1 location are given in Table-3 Table 3: The monthly and annual average flow values of the Regulator-1 location Rainy Zone: 56.4 km2 3 Unit:(m /s) Years October November December January February March April May June July August September Average 1985 0,36 0,29 0,57 0,76 1,01 1,05 1,04 0,79 0,73 0,68 0,24 0,32 0,65 1986 1,58 0,43 1,28 0,73 1,01 1,00 0,91 1,67 2,18 0,63 0,20 0,54 1,01 1987 0,59 1,54 1,62 2,14 1,29 1,65 1,92 1,28 1,42 0,61 0,61 0,36 1,25 1988 0,78 1,12 0,89 1,16 1,41 2,62 2,30 1,85 2,74 1,19 0,61 0,85 1,46 1989 2,39 2,16 1,60 0,83 1,99 3,12 3,03 0,79 0,78 0,29 0,17 0,72 1,49 1990 2,37 1,48 1,77 0,79 0,73 0,89 3,35 3,98 2,21 0,76 0,46 0,60 1,62 1991 0,96 1,01 0,45 0,50 1,03 2,10 1,45 1,47 0,99 1,08 0,65 0,62 1,03 1992 0,29 0,75 0,49 0,48 0,58 1,78 2,32 1,70 1,58 0,83 1,43 0,93 1,10 1993 0,74 1,61 0,76 0,94 1,05 1,37 2,32 1,18 1,67 0,39 0,34 0,32 1,06 1994 0,31 0,55 0,88 0,40 1,01 1,74 1,12 0,61 1,04 0,15 0,17 0,22 0,68 1995 0,25 0,79 0,94 0,97 1,00 1,21 1,64 1,01 0,66 1,13 0,54 0,74 0,91 1996 0,95 1,05 1,12 0,56 0,78 0,89 2,31 1,63 1,08 0,48 0,51 0,54 0,99 1997 2,10 0,90 0,93 0,61 1,04 1,07 2,11 1,03 0,51 0,90 0,51 1,16 1,07 1998 0,72 0,53 0,33 0,64 1,54 2,32 2,24 1,59 1,42 0,57 0,39 0,60 1,07 Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File 1999 0,88 0,71 1,03 0,64 0,88 1,33 1,47 1,02 1,24 0,85 0,92 1,00 1,00 2000 0,52 0,78 0,73 0,68 1,35 2,55 3,43 1,95 1,20 0,49 0,33 0,33 1,20 2001 0,96 0,27 0,41 0,29 0,85 1,13 1,18 1,21 0,75 0,29 0,13 0,10 0,63 2002 0,32 1,19 1,22 0,40 1,23 2,95 4,20 1,68 3,52 0,80 0,46 0,40 1,53 2003 0,52 0,25 0,24 1,49 0,77 0,82 6,72 2,69 0,66 0,24 0,49 1,54 1,37 2004 1,50 1,67 1,06 1,69 2,65 3,92 3,77 3,18 3,08 0,32 0,15 0,40 1,95 2005 0,49 0,69 1,71 0,97 1,25 2,26 2,63 1,55 1,40 0,55 0,42 0,47 1,20 2006 1,36 1,40 0,79 0,69 1,18 1,88 2,79 3,18 1,09 1,04 0,37 0,33 1,34 2007 0,61 1,49 0,61 0,69 0,84 1,63 1,70 3,44 0,74 0,53 0,34 0,37 1,08 Ort. 0,94 0,99 0,93 0,83 1,15 1,80 2,43 1,76 1,42 0,64 0,45 0,58 1,16 • Natural Flow at the Regulator-2 location The water supply table for the Regulator-2 location has been prepared according to the ratio of the rain areas. To do that, the intermediary basin flows of the DS stations no. 22-90 and E E 2213 have been multiplied by the ratio of the Regulator-2 rain area (14.4 km2), to the intermediary basin rain area (245 km2) and carried to the Regulator location. The monthly and annual average flow values of the Regulator-2 location are given in Table-4 Table 4: The monthly and annual average flow values of the Regulator-1 location Rainy Zone: 14.4 km2 3 Unit:(m /s) Years October November December January February March April May June July August September Average 1985 0,09 0,07 0,15 0,20 0,26 0,27 0,26 0,20 0,19 0,17 0,06 0,08 0,17 1986 0,40 0,11 0,33 0,19 0,26 0,26 0,23 0,43 0,56 0,16 0,05 0,14 0,26 1987 0,15 0,39 0,41 0,55 0,33 0,42 0,49 0,33 0,36 0,16 0,16 0,09 0,32 1988 0,20 0,29 0,23 0,30 0,36 0,67 0,59 0,47 0,70 0,30 0,16 0,22 0,37 1989 0,61 0,55 0,41 0,21 0,51 0,80 0,77 0,20 0,20 0,07 0,04 0,18 0,38 1990 0,60 0,38 0,45 0,20 0,19 0,23 0,86 1,02 0,56 0,19 0,12 0,15 0,41 1991 0,25 0,26 0,11 0,13 0,26 0,54 0,37 0,38 0,24 0,28 0,17 0,16 0,26 1992 0,07 0,19 0,12 0,12 0,14 0,45 0,59 0,43 0,40 0,21 0,37 0,24 0,28 1993 0,19 0,41 0,19 0,24 0,27 0,35 0,59 0,29 0,42 0,10 0,09 0,08 0,27 1994 0,08 0,14 0,22 0,10 0,26 0,44 0,29 0,16 0,27 0,04 0,04 0,06 0,17 1995 0,06 0,20 0,24 0,25 0,26 0,31 0,42 0,26 0,17 0,29 0,14 0,19 0,23 1996 0,24 0,27 0,29 0,14 0,20 0,23 0,59 0,42 0,25 0,12 0,13 0,14 0,25 1997 0,54 0,23 0,24 0,15 0,27 0,27 0,54 0,26 0,13 0,23 0,13 0,30 0,27 1998 0,18 0,14 0,09 0,16 0,39 0,59 0,57 0,41 0,36 0,14 0,10 0,15 0,27 1999 0,23 0,18 0,26 0,16 0,22 0,34 0,38 0,26 0,32 0,22 0,24 0,26 0,25 2000 0,13 0,20 0,19 0,17 0,34 0,65 0,88 0,50 0,31 0,12 0,09 0,08 0,31 2001 0,24 0,07 0,10 0,07 0,22 0,29 0,30 0,31 0,19 0,07 0,03 0,02 0,16 2002 0,08 0,30 0,31 0,10 0,31 0,75 1,07 0,43 0,90 0,20 0,12 0,10 0,39 2003 0,10 0,06 0,06 0,38 0,20 0,21 1,72 0,69 0,17 0,06 0,12 0,39 0,35 2004 0,38 0,43 0,27 0,43 0,68 1,00 0,96 0,81 0,79 0,08 0,04 0,10 0,50 2005 0,13 0,18 0,44 0,25 0,32 0,58 0,67 0,40 0,36 0,14 0,11 0,12 0,31 2006 0,35 0,36 0,20 0,18 0,30 0,48 0,71 0,81 0,28 0,27 0,09 0,08 0,34 2007 0,16 0,38 0,15 0,18 0,22 0,42 0,43 0,88 0,19 0,14 0,09 0,09 0,28 Ort. 0,24 0,25 0,24 0,21 0,29 0,46 0,62 0,45 0,36 0,16 0,12 0,15 0,30 The amount of the water that has to be released to the creek bed between the Regulators and HES in connection with the Regulator-1 and Regulator-2 contemplated to be constructed on the Yüce Creek and Güdül Creek in order to sustain the aquatic life has been calculated below: The amount of the water that has to be released to the creek bed between the Regulators and HES under the Yüce HES project has been calculated using the Tennant Method. Accordingly, 10% of the average annual flow arriving at the Regulators shall be released to the creek bed between the Regulators and HES. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File The amounts of the water to be released according to the foregoing are calculated below: The amount of the water that has to be released to the creek bed between the Regulator 1 and HES; The annual average flow of the Yüce Creek, on which the Regulator 1 shall be constructed, is 1,16 m3/s (Pls. See Table 3). According to the Tennant Method, 10% of the annual average flow (1,16 m3/s x 0,1= 0,166 m3/s=116 l/ sec) e.g. 116 L/s shall be released to the creek bed continuously. The amount of the water that has to be released to the creek bed between the Regulator 2 and HES; The annual average flow of the Yüce Creek, on which the Regulator 1 shall be constructed, is 0,30 m3/s (Pls. See Table 4). According to the Tennant Method, 10% of the annual average flow (0,30 m3/s x 0,1= 0,03m3/s=30 l/ sec) e.g. 30 L/s shall be released to the creek bed continuously Amount of water to be released to sustain the aquatic life To the creek bed between the Regulator 1 and HES 116 L/s To the creek bed between the Regulator 2 and HES 30 L/s b) Utilization of the natural resources (Land Utilization, Water Utilization, type of energy used etc.) During the construction of the Yüce HES project, the adverse effects on the environment shall be temporary and such effects shall disappear once the construction is completed. Waste water, dust, noise, solid wastes and hazardous wastes shall be generated due to the works that shall be carried out during the construction of the project. The measures prescribed by the environmental legislation shall be taken against such pollutants and the effects shall be minimized. • Water utilization; Construction stage During the construction stage, fresh water suitable for the human health shall be purchased as drinking water. The water shall be delivered to the construction side in tankers. The approximate amounts of water to be used during the construction stage of the project are given below: 3 To be used for moisturizing the work areas in hot, dry and windy weather : 3,0 m /day 3 The water to be used for the daily needs of the personnel employed in the : 11,25 m /day construction site TOTAL : 14,25 m3/day The water to be used for the construction works out of the above (other than the drinking and utility water), is planned to be obtained from the Yüce Creek. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Operating stage ; The approximate amount of water to be used during the operating stage of the project is given below. The utility water needed during the operating stage shall be transported by tankers. The drinking water shall be bought from the market in packaged form. 3 The water to be used for the daily needs of the personnel during the operating stage: 2,25 m /day • Energy Type; Obtaining the power required for the construction from the nearby settlements shall be possible. The permission required for that purpose shall be obtained from the TEDA Provincial Directorate. Furthermore, a 50 kVA diesel generator set shall be installed in the construction site. A separate power transmission line is not required for obtaining energy. • Land utilization The map showing the land utilization in the project site and its vicinity is given attached to the report (Pls. See Annex-2). As can be seen from the attached map, the entire project area is comprised of the lands with Class VII utilization ability Characteristics of the CLASS VII lands The lands falling under this class are afflicted by very strict restrictions that prevent the cultivation of the culture plants such as extreme slope angles, erosion, soil compactness, rock formations, age, salinity and caustic properties. Forest areas; A large portion of the project site is qualified as forest. The operations shall commence after obtaining the permission of the General Directorate of Forestry. The Forest Sectional Map containing the project site is given attached to the report (Pls. see Annex-3). A permission shall be obtained for the forest areas as per the article 17/3 of the Forestry Law No. 6831 amended by the Law No. 5192. Project site is within the boundaries of the Giresun Forestry Regional Directorate, Dereli Forest Operations Directorate, and Kümbet Forest Office. The Forest Section situation as well as the types and quantities of the tress to be cut and their wealth status are given below. The section numbers and forest section types in the Forest Section Map in the Arrangement plan of the Giresun Forestry Regional Directorate, Dereli Forest Operations Directorate, Kümbet Forest Operations Office (containing the 1987 – 2006 application plan), where the open conduction canal of the Yüce HES coming from the Regulators, loading pool and construction sites are located at. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Section Forest section Explanations Closeness Area (Ha) No Type (%) REGULATOR – 1 33 Z– s Agriculture – Settlement 0,28 34 Z– s Agriculture – Settlement 0,59 CONDUCTION CANAL 34 Z– s Agriculture – Settlement 0,27 35 Z– s Agriculture – Settlement 0,44 25 ÇBKnLDy Very irregular Beech-Spruce- Other leafy trees 1 – 10 0,66 16 ÇBKnLDy Very irregular Beech-Spruce- Other leafy trees 1 – 10 0,22 CONDUCTION CANAL 17 Z– s Agriculture – Settlement 0,08 18 Z– s Agriculture – Settlement 3,18 8 Z– s Agriculture – Settlement 3,83 7 KnLDycd1 Beech-Spruce- Other leafy trees 11 – 40 3,26 LOADING POOL 7 ÇBKnLDy Very irregular Beech-Spruce-Other leafy trees 1 – 10 0,06 PENSTOCK 7 ÇBKnLDy Very irregular Beech-Spruce- Other leafy trees 1 – 10 1,72 8 Z– s Agriculture – Settlement 0,30 4 Z– s Agriculture – Settlement 2,54 3 Z – s - ÇBKBt Agriculture–Settlement – Very irregular Mixed cutting stock 6,28 CONSTRUCTION SITE – 1 43 ÇBKnLDy Very irregular Beech-Spruce- Other leafy trees 1 – 10 2,01 CONSTRUCTION SITE – 2 35 Z– s Agriculture – Settlement 2,01 POWER PLANT (HES) 3 Z – s - ÇBKBt Agriculture–Settlement – Very irregular Mixed cutting stock 0,15 TOTAL 27,88 As seen from the Forest Section Table, Beech-Spruce- Other leafy trees (KnLDycd1) - 3,26 ha Very irregular Beech-Spruce- Other leafy trees.ÇBKnLDy - 4,67 ha Agriculture–Settlement – Very irregular Mixed cutting stock Z- s-ÇBKBt - 6,43 ha Agriculture – Settlement Z – s - 13,52 ha TOTAL 29,18 ha Area shall be used during the construction of the project TYPES AND QUANTITIES OF THE TREES TO BE CUT The quantities and wealth status of the tress to be cut in the Forest Sections provided by the Kümbet Forest Operations Office (according to the forest arrangement plan) are given below Forest Tree type Per hectare In the area used section Type Pieces Wealth m3 Area Ha Pcs. wealth m3 KnLDycd1 Pine 3 3,343 3,26 10 10,90 Spruce 45 39,998 147 130,39 Beech 71 102,669 231 334,70 Redwood 25 7,480 81 30,90 Other leafy trees 27 15,646 88 51,01 TOTAL 171 171,136 3,26 557 557,90 By cutting 10 pcs. Pine 10,90 m3 Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File 147 pcs. Spruce 130,39 m3 231 pcs. Beech 334,70 m3 81 pcs. Redwood 30,90 m3 88 pcs. Other leafy trees 51,01 m3 A TOTAL of 577 trees shall be cut and 557,90 m3 Forest content shall be removed from the section. Out of the very irregular forests (Closeness less than 10); Forest Tree type Per hectare In the area used section Type 3 Pieces Wealth m Area Ha Pcs. wealth m3 ÇBKnLDy Spruce 5 3,900 4,67 23 18,21 Beech 7 10,260 34 47,91 Other leafy trees 4 2,620 1,18 12,24 TOTAL 16 16,780 4,67 75 78,36 Out of the 4,67 Hectares of very irregular forests; 23 pcs Spruce 18,21 m3 34 pcs Beech 47,91 m3 18 pcs Other leafy trees 12,24 m3 A TOTAL of 75 trees shall be cut and 78,36 m3 Forest content shall be removed from the section.. A total of 562 trees shall be cut under the project. This number shall be taken as definite for the cutting works during construction. From the small number of trees to be cut individually out of the 6,43 Hectares Z – s – ÇBKBt (Agriculture – Settlement and Very Irregular Mixed for cutting) only the contents that can be used as fire-wood shall be taken. Since the application process of the plan end in 2006 and is not renewed, the actual quantities shall be known during and after the cutting operation. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File c) Amount of the wastes generated (solid, liquid, gas etc.), the chemical, physical and vegetal properties of the wastes c.1) Excavation wastes Changes might take place in the existing topography of the land due to the operations to be carried out during the construction of the project such excavation, filling, leveling, material receiving-discharging, road construction and improvement works. The amounts of the excavation works to be carried out under the project are given below: Table 5 : Excavation quantities during the construction stage of Yüce HES project Soil Order Rock Location excavation No excavation (m3) (m3) 1 Regulator 1 2500 2500 2 Regulator 2 2500 2500 3 Conduction Tunnel - 22.406 4 Conduction Canal 1 9289 - 5 Conduction Canal 2 + Conduction Canal 68113 - 3 7 Loading pool 1500 1500 8 Penstock and supports 22.600 90.000 9 Power plant building 2800 4200 TOTAL 109.302 123.106 GRAND TOTAL 232.408 As can be seen from Table 5, approximately 232.408 m3 of excavation shall be made during the construction of Yüce HES. The excavation wastes shall be stored in the excavation area + vegetation-bearing soil storage area to be designated. Blasting shall be done only for the Tunnel construction. The other excavation works shall be carried out using earth moving machines. The detailed calculations of the excavation wastes to be generated during the construction phase of the project are given attached to the report (Pls. see Annex-13). Excavation quantities : Excavation quantity: 109.302 m3 x 1,6 ton/m3 = 174.883 ton 3 (Soil density taken as 1,6 ton/m ) Excavation quantity (Rock material) : 123.106 m3 x 2,2 ton/m3 = 270833,2 ton 3 (Hard rock density taken as 2,2 ton/m ) Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File If the excavation area + vegetation-bearing soil storage area to be designated falls in to the forest lands, the permission required shall be obtained from the relevant Forest Operations Directorate. The vegetation-bearing soil shall be stored in the excavation area + vegetation-bearing soil storage area to be designated separately with a view to use again while restoring the area to its former shape once the construction is completed. The excavation wastes shall under no circumstances be dumped in to the stream bed. The Excavated Soil, Construction and Wreckage Wastes Regulation shall be complied with. c.2) Waste water • Household waste waters Household waste water shall be generated by the personnel employed for the project. The daily water consumption of the personnel and the amount of waste water to be generated in conjunction thereof are calculated and indicated below. 75 people shall be employed during the construction stage of the project. Information about the water consumption of the personnel and waste water to be generated is given below: Number of employees : 75 people Daily use per person : 150 lt person/day Daily Water Consumption : 11,25 m3/day Waste water to be generated : 11,25 m3/day (All the water consumed is assumed to become waste water) For the domestic waste water to be generated by the personnel to be employed during the Yüce HES project construction a package waste water treatment facility shall be installed in the construction site. The treated water shall be discharged to the Güdül Creek. An application shall be made to the Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry and a discharge permit shall be obtained for the package waste water treatment plant. • Waste water generated during the operating phase; 15 people in total shall be employed during the operating phase. The personnel employed during the operating phase shall reside in the nearby settlements. The domestic waste water generated in the HES building shall be collected with a sewage line and connected to the leak-proof cesspool. The plan of the cesspool is given attached to the report (Pls. See Annex-7). The waste water collected in the cesspool shall be emptied by the sewage trucks from the Giresun municipality against a fee. Information about the water consumption of the personnel and waste water to be generated is given below. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Number of employees : 15 people Daily use per person : 150 lt people/day Daily Water Consumption : 2,25 m3/gün Waste water to be generated : 2,25 m3/gün (All the water consumed is assumed to become waste water.) The Water Pollution Control Regulation shall be complied with during both the construction and operating stages. c.3) Solid waste The solid wastes shall be comprised of the solid household wastes generated by the personnel during both the construction and operating stages and the construction related wastes (paper, plastic, iron etc.). Any recyclable wastes generated shall be collected separately from the household wastes and sent to the licensed facilities for recycling. Construction stage ; Number of employees : 75 people Solid waste generated per person per day : 1,34 kg/day (TU K) Solid waste generated daily : 100,5 kg/day Operating stage; Number of employees : 15 people Solid waste generated per person per day : 1,34 kg/day (TU K) Solid waste generated daily : 20,1 kg/day The household solid wastes generated shall be collected in the covered garbage containers in the site in bags in compliance with the Control of Solid Wastes Regulation and disposed of by dropping in to the garbage containers in the vicinity serviced by the municipality. The solid wastes shall not be dumped to the sides of the roads, rivers etc. areas. The provisions of the Control of Solid Wastes Regulation shall be observed for the transportation, storage and disposal of the solid wastes. c.4) Dust emission The sources of dust during the construction stage of the project are given below. No dust emitting operations shall be carried out during the operating stage. The dust emission shall be caused by the removal, loading-unloading and material transportation works during the construction stage. Dust emission sources in the construction site; ƒ Dust emission during the construction of Regulator 1 ƒ Loading-unloading ƒ Transportation Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File The dust emissions stemming from those operations have been calculated using the data taken from separate literature and given below and have been evaluated according to the Regulation on the Control of the Air Pollution Caused by the Industrial Facilities. Emission Factors taken from the literature (EPA); Explosion emission factor : 0,080 kg/ton Dismantling emission factor : 0,025 kg/ton Loading emission factor : 0,010 kg/ton Vehicle movements (two way) : 0,7 kg/ton Unloading emission factor : 0,010 kg/ton ; c.4.1-) Construction site dust emission sources (HES, Regulator, Conduction Canal) The construction period for the project is 2 years. The dust emission to be caused while loading, unloading and transporting a total of 226.056 m3 materials during the construction has been calculated roughly below using the literature. The debris generated during the excavation works shall be loaded on the trucks directly and some part of it shall be used during the construction and some part thereof shall be carried to the areas, where the roads shall be rehabilitated. The unused debris shall be carried to the excavation area + vegetation-bearing soil storage area and stored there. The total construction period is 2 years and the work shall be carried out 12 months a year, 30 days a month and 10 hours a day. Accordingly; Dust Emission to be generated during the construction of the Regulator, settling pond and Conduction Canal-1 The construction of the Regulator 1, settling pond and Conduction Canal 1 shall be completed in 6 months (Pls. see Annex-11). The amount of debris to be generated during the construction of the Regulator 1 and settling pond: Earth excavation = 2500 m3 x 1,6 ton/m3 = 4000 ton Rock excavation = 2500 m3 x 2,2 ton/m3 = 5500 ton The amount of debris to be generated during the construction of the Conduction Canal 1; Earth excavation = 9289 m3 x 1,6 ton/m3 = 14862 ton Location Amount of debris (ton) Regulator 1 and settling pond 9500 Conduction Tunnel 1 14862 Total 24362 Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File The Regulator 1 area is approximately 20 km away from the highway. While transporting the debris, 100 m of macadam road shall be used round trip on the average. The average distance has been taken as approximately 100 m round-trip for calculating the dust emission stemming from transportation. Hourly excavation quantities : ƒ Amount excavated (earth excavation) = 24362 ton Amount produced per hour = 24362 ton / 6 months / 30 days / 10 hours = 13,53 ton/hour ƒ Dust emission during dismantling, Loading+ Unloading Dismantling Emission Factor : 0,025 kg/ton (EPA) Dust emission per hour : 0,025 kg/ton x 13,53 kg dust/hour = 0,338 kg/hour Loading-Unloading Emission Factor : (0,01+0,01) kg/ton (EPA) Total emission resulting from refilling : (0,01+0,01) kg/tonx13,53 ton/hour = 0,271 kg/hour ƒ Dust emission during transportation Truck carrying capacity : 30 ton/trip Number of trips : (13,53) / 30 = 0,451 trip/hour (number of trips has been taken as 1 since <1) Trip distance : 0,1 km / trip (round-trip) (the Average macadam road distance) Total distance : 1 x 0,1 = 0,1 km/hour Transportation emission factor : 0,70 kg/km-vehicle (EPA) Total Dust Emission resulting from transportation : 0,1 x 0,70 = 0,07 kg/hour Total dust emission from Regulator 1, settling pond and Conduction Canal 1 construction sites: = 0,338 kg/hour + 0,271 kg/hour + 0,07 kg/hour = 0,679 kg dust/hour Dust Emission to be generated during the construction of the Regulator 2, settling pond and Conduction Canal-1, Conduction Canal-2, Conduction Canal-3 and loading pool The amount of debris to be generated during the construction of the Conduction Canal 2 and settling pond; Earth excavation = 2500 m3 x 1,6 ton/m3 = 4000 ton Rock excavation = 2500 m3 x 2,2 ton/m3 = 5500 ton Amount of excavation debris during the construction of the Conduction Canal 2 + Conduction Canal 3; Earth excavation = 68113 m3 x 1,6 ton/m3 = 108981 ton The amount of debris to be generated during the construction of the loading pool; Earth excavation = 1500 m3 x 1,6 ton/m3 = 2400 ton Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Rock excavation = 1500 m3 x 2,2 ton/m3 = 3300 ton Location Amount of debris Construction length (ton) (Month) Regulator 2, Settling Pond 9500 6 Conduction Canal 2 + Conduction 108981 10 Canal 3 Loading pool 5700 6 Total 124181 Amount of debris per hour : ƒ Amount of debris (Earth excavation) = 9500 ton Amount produced per hour = 9500 ton / 6 months / 30 days / 10 hours = 5,27 ton/hour ƒ Amount of debris (Earth excavation) = 108981 ton Amount produced per hour = 108981 ton/10 months/30 days/10 hours = 36.3 ton/hour ƒ Amount of debris (Earth excavation) = 5700 ton Amount produced per hour = 5700 ton / 6 months / 30 days / 10 hours = 3.16 ton/hour Total Amount produced per hour = 5,27 kg/hour +36,3 kg/hour +3,16 kg/hour= 44,7 kg/hour ƒ Dust emission during Dismantling+ Loading Unloading: Dismantling Emission Factor : 0,025 kg/ton (EPA) Dust emission per hour : 0,025 kg/ton x 44,7 kg dust/hour = 1,12 kg/hour Loading-Unloading Emission Factor : (0,01+0,01) kg/ton (EPA) Total emission resulting from refilling :(0,01+0,01) kg/tonx44,7ton/hour = 0,89 kg/hour Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File ƒ Dust emission during transportation Truck carrying capacity : 30 ton/trip Number of trips : (44,7) / 30 = 1,5 trip/hour (number of trips has been taken as 2 since <2.) Trip distance : 1 km / trip (return trip) Total distance : 2 x 1 = 2 km/hour Transportation emission factor : 0,70 kg/km-vehicle (EPA) Total Dust Emission resulting from transportation : 2 x 0,70 = 1,4 kg/hour Total dust emission from the Regulator 2, settling pond, Conduction Canal 2, Conduction Canal 3 and Loading pool construction sites. = 1,12 kg/hour + 0,89 kg/hour + 1,4 kg/hour = 3,41 kg dust/hour Dust emission from the HES building construction The amount of excavation during the construction of the HES building; Earth excavation = 2800 m3 x 1,6 ton/m3 = 4480 ton Rock excavation = 4200 m3 x 2,2 ton/m3 = 9240 ton The HES building construction shall be completed in about 3 months.. Location Amount of debris (ton) HES Building 13720 ƒ Amount of debris (Earth excavation) = 13720 ton Amount produced per hour = 13720 ton / 3 ay / 30 day / 10 hour = 15,2 ton/hour ƒ Dust emission during dismantling, Loading+ Unloading Dismantling Emission Factor : 0,025 kg/ton (EPA) Dust emission per hour : 0,025 kg/ton x 15,2 kg dust/hour = 0,38 kg/hour Loading-Unloading Emission Factor : (0,01+0,01) kg/ton (EPA) Total emission resulting from refilling : (0,01+0,01) kg/ton x 15,2 ton/hour=0,304 kg/hour ƒ Dust Emission during transportation Truck carrying capacity : 30 ton/trip Number of trips : (15,2) / 30 = 0,22 trip/hour number of trips has been taken as 2 since <2.) number of trips has been taken as 1 since <1.) Trip distance : 0,1 km / trip (Return trip) Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Total distance Transportation emission factor : 1 x 0,1 = 0,1 km/hour Total Dust Emission resulting from transportation : 0,70 kg/km-vehicle (EPA) : 0,1 x 0,70 = 0,07 kg/hour Total dust emission from the HES building construction site = 0,38 kg/hour + 0,304 kg/hour + 0,07 kg/hour = 0,754 kg dust/hour • The amount of dust to be generated during blasting: A Total of 22.406 m3 material shall be removed from the construction site under the project by blasting. The entire amount shall be removed from the Conduction Tunnel excavation Maximum amount of material to be removed from : 37,5 ton one explosion Blasting Emission Factor : 0,08 kg dust/ton (EPA) Total Emission generated : 37,5 ton x 0,08 kg dust/ton = 3 kg dust/explosion The explosions shall cause a momentary dust generation. Since blasting is not a continuous operation and when the duration of each explosion is taken as 30 seconds, making a dust concentration dispersion calculation for blasting is not needed. That is because asserting the high dust concentrations resulting from a 30 second-long operation as the average emission for 1 hour would make the hourly average values seem to be much higher than the real values. Furthermore, in the Regulation on the Control Air Pollution Caused by the Industrial Facilities, no limit value is provided for comparing the emissions resulting from momentary events such as explosions. Besides, since the blasting shall be done in an enclosed space inside the tunnel, the dust created shall settle inside the same space as well. In the Regulation on the Control Air Pollution Caused by the Industrial Facilities making a dust dispersion modeling is required when the dust emission is above the 1,5 kg limit value prescribed in Annex-2. The dust emission values to be caused are given below, where only the total dust emission from the Regulator and settling pond construction sites is calculated to exceed the 1,5 kg dust/hour value. Therefore, no modeling has been made for that section. Dust Source Total Dust emission rate (kg/hour) Regulator 1, settling pond and Conduction Canal-1 0,685 construction Regulator 2, settling pond, Conduction Canal 2, 3,41* Conduction Canal 3 and Loading pool construction HES building construction 0,754 Blasting 3 kg/explosion Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File * A dust dispersion modeling has been made since the total dust emission was above the 1,5 kg limit value prescribed in Annex-2 in the Regulation on the Control Air Pollution Caused by the Industrial Facilities DUST DISPERSION MODEL Formula II of the Environmental Legislation has been used for dust modeling. Formula II: where ( ) : integration variable in the x direction x,y,z : peak point coordinates (x, in dispersion direction and in perpendicular cases to this dispersion direction) y : Horizontal (0 for the example given) z : Vertical ( Taken as 2 for the particles suspended in air and as 0 for the settling dust) C(x,y,z) : Air pollution contribution value for any dispersion at the peak point (mg/m3), (1 g = 0,001 mg) Q : The mass flow rate of the emissions from the emission source Z : Height of the peak point from floor (m) (Taken as 2 for the particles suspended in air and as 0 for the settling dust) Uh : Wind speed (m/s) y = F * xf z = G* xg horizontal and vertical dispersion parameters (m) Calculation of the settling dust : (Environmental Legislation III ) d(x,y) = (mg/m2-hour) If the effective flue height is below 50 m. Table 6: Determining the F,f,G,g Parameters according to the effective flue height Dispersion F f G g class A(Very unstable) 1,503 0,833 0,151 1,219 B (Unstable) 0,876 0,823 0,127 1,108 C/I (Neutral) 0,659 0,807 0,165 0,996 C/II (Neutral) 0,640 0,784 0,215 0,885 D (Stable) 0,801 0,754 0,264 0,774 Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File E (Very stable) 1,294 0,718 0,241 0,662 Table 7: Dispersion class determination chart (Total Cloudiness rates for eight hours) Ground wind speed Day hours (under sun light) (m/sec) Overcast conditions (0/8-2/8) Cloudy (3/8-5/8) Cloudy (6/8-8/8) Cloudy 1 or less B B B 1.5-2.0 B B C/I 2.5-3.0 B B C/I 3.5-4.0 B C/I C/II 4.5 or more C/I C/II C/II The determination of the dispersion class is made by taking the existing meteorological data and overcast conditions of the weather in to account. The annual overcast conditions of the Giresun Province is 6 (1-10) on the average and this average (4-8) corresponds to the value of 4.8, thus remaining within the ratio of 3/8 - 5/8. Table 8: Wind speed determination Ua (m/sec) UR(m/sec) 1.4 or less 1 1.4-1.8 1.5 1.9-2.3 2 2.4-3.8 3 3.9-5.4 4.5 5.5-6.9 6 7-8.4 7.5 8.5-10 9 More than 10 12 Determination of the Wind speed (Uh) Value The Formula Uh =UR (h / za)M is used, where za = Height of the anemometer from the ground in meter units (10) h = Effective flue height (20 m) The following values are taken for M Table 9: Dispersion classes Dispersion class M A(Very unstable) 0.09 B (Unstable) 0.20 C/I (Neutral) 0.22 C/II (Neutral) 0.28 D (Stable) 0.37 E (Very stable) 0.42 Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Table 10: Dispersion classes and Uh values Direction (Ua) (m/sec) (UR) (m/sec) (Uh) (m/sec) Dispersion class N 1,5 1,5 1,72 B NNE 1,7 1,5 1,72 B NE 1,7 1,5 1,72 B ENE 1,5 1,5 1,72 B E 1,0 1,0 1,15 B ESE 0,9 1,0 1,15 B SE 0,9 1,0 1,15 B SSE 1,1 1,0 1,15 B S 1,0 1,0 1,15 B SSW 1,6 1,5 1,72 B SW 1,7 1,5 1,72 B WSW 2,2 2,0 2,30 B W 2,5 3,0 3,45 B WNW 2,3 2,0 2,30 B NW 1,8 1,5 1,72 B NNW 1,6 1,5 1,72 B Based on the calculation results, the dispersion classes according to the directions have been calculated taking the meteorological data for the Giresun Province in to account. The meteorological data for the Giresun Province have been presented in the section “Annexes”. (Pls. see Annex-11). Dust Emissions stemming from the construction works; Q = 3,41 kg/hour 80% of the total dust caused during construction is comprised of particles larger than 10 (according to the experience gained) For the particles suspended in the air C (x,y,z) Q = 0,682 kg (For the particles smaller than 10 ) h = 20 m. (according to the experience gained) z = taken as 2 m. Vdi = 0,07 m/s For the amount of dust settling (di) Q = 2,72 kg (For the particles larger than 10 ) h = 20 m. (according to the experience gained) z = taken as 0 Vdi = 0,7 m/s Table 11: Distribution of the particles suspended in the air ( g/m3) Direction Air Uh 100 200 300 400 500 N B 1,72 46,68 21,16 10,15 5,81 3,73 Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File NNE B 1,72 46,68 21,16 10,15 5,81 3,73 NE B 1,72 46,68 21,16 10,15 5,81 3,73 ENE B 1,72 46,68 21,16 10,15 5,81 3,73 E B 1,15 84,03 33,54 15,42 8,64 5,49 ESE B 1,15 84,03 33,54 15,42 8,64 5,49 SE B 1,15 84,03 33,54 15,42 8,64 5,49 SSE B 1,15 84,03 33,54 15,42 8,64 5,49 S B 1,15 84,03 33,54 15,42 8,64 5,49 SSW B 1,72 46,68 21,16 10,15 5,81 3,73 SW B 1,72 46,68 21,16 10,15 5,81 3,73 WSW B 2,30 31,62 15,27 7,48 4,33 2,8 W B 3,45 18,9 9,73 4,87 2,84 1,85 WNW B 2,30 31,62 15,27 7,48 4,33 2,8 NW B 1,72 46,68 21,16 10,15 5,81 3,73 NNW B 1,72 46,68 21,16 10,15 5,81 3,73 Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Table 12: Distribution of the settling particles (mg/m2-hour) Direction Air Uh 100 200 300 400 500 N B 1,72 42,31 5,53 2,81 1,97 1,57 NNE B 1,72 42,31 5,53 2,81 1,97 1,57 NE B 1,72 42,31 5,53 2,81 1,97 1,57 ENE B 1,72 42,31 5,53 2,81 1,97 1,57 E B 1,15 65,87 8,45 4,26 2,98 2,37 ESE B 1,15 65,87 8,45 4,26 2,98 2,37 SE B 1,15 65,87 8,45 4,26 2,98 2,37 SSE B 1,15 65,87 8,45 4,26 2,98 2,37 S B 1,15 65,87 8,45 4,26 2,98 2,37 SSW B 1,72 42,31 5,53 2,81 1,97 1,57 SW B 1,72 42,31 5,53 2,81 1,97 1,57 WSW B 2,30 31,15 4,11 2,09 1,47 1,17 W B 3,45 20,39 2,72 1,39 0,98 0,78 WNW B 2,30 31,15 4,11 2,09 1,47 1,17 NW B 1,72 42,31 5,53 2,81 1,97 1,57 NNW B 1,72 42,31 5,53 2,81 1,97 1,57 DISTRIBUTION OF THE PARTICLES SUSPENDED IN THE AIR Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Figure 2: Distribution of the particles suspended in the air ( g/m3) Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File DISTRIBUTION OF THE SETTLING PARTICLES Figure 3: Distribution of the settling particles (mg/m2-hour) The settling dust value for the for the dust emissions resulting from the operations to be carried out during the construction stage shell not exceed the value 450 mg/m2 – day prescribed in the Regulation on the Control Air Pollution Caused by the Industrial Facilities, Annex-1. Table 13: HKDYY UVS and KVS Values Particles suspended in the air (H.K.D.Y.Y) ( g/m3) UVS 150 KVS 300 The total dust generation rate of the Regulator 2, settling pond, Conduction Canal 2, Conduction Canal 3 and Loading Pool construction sites is 3,41 kg/hour and the modeling study has been constructed assuming that all sources causing the said dust emission would be present t the same time. Although this compulsory for the modeling studies, it is not so in practice. Since the Regulator 2, settling pond, Conduction Canal 2, Conduction Canal 3 and loading pool constructions cannot be done at the same time during the construction stage, lower amounts of dust emission would be generated in practice. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File When the table of the Distribution of the particles suspended in the air (Table- 11) is examined; if all the directions for dust distribution are considered, it will be observed that the UVS drops below the KVS value at a distance of 100 meters. Likewise, When the table of the settling particles (Table-12) is examined; if it will be observed that the UVS remains below the KVS values. The nearest settlement to the Regulator 2 site is the Meryemana quarter, approximately 185 m to the east. The nearest settlement to the loading pool is the Güdül Village, 200 m to the northeast. The dust emissions to be generated during the construction stage shall not have any adverse affects for the inhabited units. The nearest settlement to the Conduction Canal route between the Regulator 2 and loading pool is the Yara quarter, approximately 50 m away. The Conduction Canal construction is linear and shall progress in stages. Therefore, the Yara quarter shall not be affected adversely by the dust emission caused by the canal’s construction. Throughout the works carried out the UVS and KVS values specified in the Air Quality Assessment and Management Regulation shall not be exceeded and the rules set forth in the Annex-1, paragraphs d, e, f of the Regulation on the Control Air Pollution Caused by the Industrial Facilities shall be complied with. The rate of dust emissions to be generated during the truss production in the project site and from transporting the materials shall be reduced to lower levels. In order to minimize the dust emissions that could occur in the project site, loading shall be carried out without throwing and the materials loaded on the trucks shall be transported covered with tarpaulins. The dusting shall be minimized by imposing speed limits for the trucks on the macadam road and sprinkling water on the road surface with pumper trucks. c.5) Noise The Acoustic Report prepared in compliance with the issues prescribed “Environmental Noise Assessment and Management Regulation” dated 07.03.2008 and no. 26809 is provided in attachment (Pls. see Annex-12). c.6) Vibration Blasting shall take place in the Conduction Tunnel and the construction site under the project (at the places with hard rock). The vibration resulting from the explosion had been calculated using the relation below (CLZIA,1969): Force impact zone : D< 5 W Medium Force impact zone : 5 W<D<10 W Light Force impact zone : 10 W<D<15 W D= Affected zone range (m) W= Amount of Dynamite exploded in one delay interval = Momentary charge (kg) The vibration calculations have been made based on the momentary charge. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Maximum momentary charge to be used for blasting: 21 kg (for 15 holes) Force impact zone : 0-39,4 m Medium Force impact zone : 39,4-78,7 m Light Force impact zone : 78,7-118,1 m The effects of the vibration caused by the explosions are determined using the Devine correlation (Devine et al, 1966). V = k(D/ W)-1,6 (Devine correlation) V : Velocity of vibration spreading in the rock (inch/sec) k : Rock type-dependent coefficient (26-260) D : The affected distance between the explosion point and settlement units in the vicinity (feet) (1340 m 4396feet) W: Amount of explosive exploded in one delay interval (pound) (101 kg 222,6 pounds) Conversion; 1 feet = 0,3048 m ; 1 pond = 0,4536 kg ; 1 inch = 25,4 mm The coefficient “k” is taken as the ability of the rock to conduct the vibration. The variations of the units between the explosion and sensitive point and the density of the discontinuities such as fissures, faults and cracks etc. affect the coefficient “k”. While this coefficient approaches 260 for the homogenous units, the density of the tectonic effects and each different unit passed through pulls this coefficient nearer to 26. The mean value of the coefficient has been taken as 200 for the explosions. The constructions in the Sarayc k quarter have been taken as the nearest structures to the blasting area at a distance of 200 meters (tunnel entrance side, on the Regulator 1 side) and the constructions in the Meryemana quarter (tunnel exit side). Table 14 : Vibration velocity values according to the distance (W=21 kg) V0 (mm/sec) k D W (kg) V (mm/sec) 1/2 V 1/5 V (coefficient) (meters) (mm/sec) (mm/sec) 200 10 21 410,1 205,1 82,0 200 20 21 135,2 67,6 27,0 200 30 21 70,7 35,3 14,1 200 40 21 44,6 22,3 8,9 200 50 21 31,2 15,6 6,2 200 100 21 10,3 5,1 2,1 200 150 21 5,4 2,7 1,1 200 200 21 3,4 1,7 0,7 200 250 21 2,4 1,2 0,5 200 400 21 1,1 0,6 0,2 200 1000 21 0,5 0,3 0,1 200 1340 21 0,3 0,1 0,1 200 1500 21 0,1 0,1 0,0 200 2000 21 0,1 0,0 0,0 200 3000 21 0,0 0,0 0,0 200 3160 21 0,0 0,0 0,0 Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File V= mm/sec Vibration velocity varying according to the distance Vo= Vibration velocity at the building’s foundation Vibration velocity in the rock (V) 1/2 - 1/5’ is taken as the Vo value) (Forssbland,1981). Table 15 : The buildings that could be damaged by the explosion depending on the Vibration velocity of the building’s foundation (Vo) Building type Vo (mm/sec) a- Very old historical buildings ready to collapse 2 b- Houses made of mortar coated briquettes, 5 mud blocks and bricks c-Reinforced concrete buildings 10 d- Very strong industrial buildings such as 10-40 factories As a result of the calculations made, it has been determined that the explosion should fall below the 5 mm/s vibration value after 100 meters specified in the Environmental Noise Assessment and Management Regulation, Article 25, paragraph b and given in Table 7 in Annex-VIII. The most fragile buildings in the area are the type b buildings and therefore the velocity Vo should not exceed 5 mm/sec. According to the calculations made, the Vo speed remains below 5 mm/sec after 100 m of distance. The nearest structures to the blasting are the Sarayc k quarter 200 m away (tunnel entrance side, on the Regulator 1 side) and the constructions in the Meryemana quarter also 200 m away (tunnel exit side), which shall not be affected by the vibrations resulting from the explosions. ç) Risk of accident associated with the technology and materials used: Occupational accidents might be possible in connection with the machinery to be used during the construction stage. All the provisions of the legislation concerning labor health and safety during the operations carried out and the measures required for minimizing the accidents and risks as far as possible shall be taken. Warning signs shall be placed in the works areas at this stage in order to prevent all types of occupational accidents and personal protection equipment shall be provided for the employees. Short pauses shall be given while working for preventing the risk of occupational accidents that could arise from loss of concentration. The equipment and tools to be used shall be selected out of those adapted to the human anatomy and physiology and be ergonomic. Delayed action fuses with a 30-second delay shall be used for blasting, which shall reduce the amount of the explosive (momentary charge) and reduce the air and ground vibration levels resulting from the explosions considerably. The blasting works shall be announced in advance and no one shall be admitted to the blasting area. The emergency intervention plans are submitted attached to the report (Pls. see Annex-5). Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File The Labor Law and associated regulations shall be complied with. From the Labor Health and Labor Safety Regulation; Relevant clause of the Regulation Measures to be taken - To protect against the harmful Noise measurements shall be conducted for effects of the noise (Art. 22 and labor health and the noise level shall not 78) exceed 80 decibel. Otherwise, the employees shall be provided with helmets, ear covers and ear plugs etc. protective equipment and apparatus. - In the section concerning the Appropriate protective gear shall be given to special measures to be taken the employees performing dust generating against the occupational illnesses works according to the requirements of the that could be caused by the dust work and types of dust. (Art 76) d) Measures to be taken against the possible environmental effects of the Project Construction phase Type of waste Source How to eliminate Liquid Household Water utilization of the A package waste water treatment facility wastes personnel shall be installed for the household waste water to be generated by the personnel to be employed during the construction of the Yüce HES project. The waste water coming from the treatment facility shall be discharged to the receiving environment in conformity with the S.S.K.Y. A discharge permit shall be obtained. A leak-proof cesspool shall be constructed for the waste water to be generated by the personnel to be employed during the operating phase of the project. As the cesspool is filled, it shall be emptied by the pump trucks from the municipality for a fee. A protocol shall be made with the municipality for that purpose. Solid Household wastes Personnel working The solid household wastes shall be collected in sealed garbage bags and placed in the garbage containers serviced by the nearest municipality. Construction- related Paper, iron, plastic etc. Shall be collected separately and delivered wastes to the licensed companies which collect and make use of such wastes. Dust emissions Excavations for The site shall be moistened during windy construction works ( and dry weather. Loading and unloading (construction site) shall be carried out without throwing. The trucks shall be covered with tarpaulin during transportation. Plant bearing soil First the plant bearing soil After the completion of the construction, the shall be scraped during the plant bearing soil shall be re-laid in place construction stage and for landscaping purposes. stored in the project site. Excavation debris Excavations for A part of it shall be used for the construction works construction of the project. An excavation area+ plant bearing soil storage area shall be designated for the unused portions. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Waste oil Oil change of the work Shall be delivered to the licensed recycling machines facilities and/or disposal facilities as the Control of the Waste Oil Regulation. Hazardous wastes Facility site The gloves, cotton waste wads and packaging contaminated with oil/fuel end paint shall be collected separately and delivered to the licensed disposal facilities after reaching a certain by licensed transporters. The national waste transportation form shall be forwarded to the Provincial Environment and Forestry Directorate. Operating phase Type of waste Source How to eliminate Liquid wastes Water utilization of the A leak-proof cesspool shall be constructed. personnel The Household waste water collected in the cesspool shall be emptied by the pump trucks of the Giresun municipality against a fee. Solid Household wastes Personnel working Shall be collected in sealed garbage bags and placed in the garbage containers serviced by the nearest municipality.. ¾ Fire and the other risks for the eco-system Against the risk of a possible fire during the construction and operating stages, an adequate number of fire extinguishers shall be maintained in the construction site during the construction stage and in the facility units during the operating stage. The provisions of the “Regulation on Labor Health and Labor Safety in the construction Works” shall be complied with exactly in all the works carried out in the project site. The hydro power plants are one of the operation, which affect the environment and people at the minimum level. Because they are the cleanest source of energy, they do not cause any emissions that could pollute the environment. Once the potential energy of the water source is converted in to electrical energy, the same flow of water continues without being polluted. The dangerous units of a hydro power plant for the human life are the switchyard, high voltage line and the transformers. Therefore, those units shall be protected with tall wire fences and equipped with warning signs. The noise to be generated during the constructions is temporary and shall end once the construction works are completed. No noise shall be generated during the operating stage. The measures required for the solid wastes waste waters shall be taken. This project is an important project to be realized in order to meet the energy shortage of Turkey. As known, the hydro power plants are the cleanest systems in energy the generation field. The inflict no damage on the environment while operating. The damages caused during the construction stage are temporary and by taking the measures required, they shall come to an end too. The project shall enliven the economical and social structure of the area as well. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File In conclusion, the project is a beneficial project and shall not affect the biological and social environment adversely. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File 2. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT (While evaluating the sensitivity of the area that might be affected by the project, the aspects set forth below should be kept in view) a) Utilization and quality of the existing land (agricultural area, forest area, planned area, water surface etc.) Construction of a Yüce Hydro Power Plant (HES) has been planned by the company Menerji Elektrik Üretim Da t m Pazarlama Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. ti. on the Yüce and Güdül Creeks, tributaries to the Aksu creek, within the boundaries of the Giresun Province, Dereli District. The power plant building shall be constructed on the left hand side of the Kümbet road junction of the Dereli- ebinkarahisar highway. When we turn to the Kümbet road and continue until the Güdül village, the route of the penstock remains on the left. When we pass the Güdül village and continue on the highway, the Regulator-1 site and construction site are reached in about 3 km. Coordinates; A construction yard shall be erected to the south of the Regulator 1 area in order to meet the needs of the employees. The structures in this area shall be in form of containers. The coordinates of the construction site to be used for the project are given below: CONSTRUCTION YARD 1 N.NO EAST NORTH N.NO EAST NORTH 1 454085,38 4498801,31 12 454049,05 4499141,94 2 454086,14 4498768,00 13 454060,40 4499162,38 3 454082,35 4498742,26 14 454080,08 4499174,49 4 454070,24 4498731,67 15 454098,25 4499175,25 5 454049,05 4498736,97 16 454111,87 4499165,41 6 454036,93 4498753,62 17 454113,39 4499148,76 7 454036,18 4498784,65 18 454108,85 4499123,02 8 454052,07 4498946,65 19 454098,25 4499084,41 9 454052,07 4499027,64 20 454095,22 4499033,70 10 454047,53 4499070,79 21 454091,44 4498933,02 11 454044,50 4499123,02 22 454081,60 4498855,05 AREA (m2) =20128,04 CONSTRUCTION YARD 2 N.NO EAST NORTH N.NO EAST NORTH 1 454035,51 4499396,75 10 454142,24 4499320,11 2 454070,14 4499488,15 11 454136,00 4499291,15 3 454090,01 4499526,19 12 454125,21 4499275,26 4 454106,48 4499535,27 13 454115,56 4499274,12 5 454122,94 4499533,00 14 454096,82 4499290,58 6 454137,70 4499523,35 15 454078,66 4499315,56 7 454145,08 4499511,43 16 454059,92 4499329,76 8 454139,40 4499436,49 17 454046,86 4499336,57 Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File 9 454139,97 4499376,88 18 454035,51 4499369,50 AREA (m2) =20064,42 Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Land Utilization Status ; The map showing the land utilization status of the project site and its vicinity is given attached to the report (Pls. see Annex-2). As shall be seen from the attached map, the entire project area is comprised of lands with Class VII utilization capability. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Figure 4: Place Location Map Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Characteristics of the socio-economical environment • Population The population of the Giresun province in 2000 was 523.819 and the annual population growth rate 04.7%. Out of the 15 districts attached to the province, the Bulancak district has the highest population with 59.841 and Do ankent district the lowest population with 7.477. The district of the province with the highest annual population growth is Çamoluk with 032.4% the Ya l dere district with the lowest annual population growth with 0-24%. The population per square kilometer is 77 province-wide and 380 in the city center. The populations of the Dereli center and the attached villages according to the latest census are given in the table below:. Settlement Population Settlement Population (people) (people) Dereli Merkez 8124 18- Küçükahmet 387 1- Akkaya 1018 19- Küknarl 363 2- Aksu 312 20-Kümbet 297 3- Alanc k 703 21-Me eliyatak 421 4- Çal 343 22-Maden 58 5- Çalca 1710 23-P narlar 470 6- Çaml 519 24-Sar yakup 319 7- Çengelköy 202 25-Tamdere 357 8- E rianbar 817 26-Ta l ca 335 9- Güdül 498 28-Tepeküknarl 331 10-Güzyurdu 640 29-Uzundere 406 11-Heydere 600 30-Yaylac k 201 12-Hisar 163 31-Ye ilkaya 673 13-Güzelköy 323 32-Ye iltepe 256 14- çmesu 118 33-Y ld z 595 15-K z lta 1350 34-Yuva 298 16-Konuklu 553 35-Yüce 812 17- Kurtulmu 968 • • Culture The 8-year basic education practice initiated in the 1997-1998 academic year is continued with successfully in the Giresun Province. Within the scope of the said education, 56 schools are offering education in 18 educational centers province-wide in Giresun. The institutions that offer education attached to the Karadeniz (Black Sea) Technical University in Giresun are: Giresun Health-Care High School (College), Giresun Trade High School, Giresun Education Faculty, Science-Arts Faculty and Tirebolu Trade High School. 3500 students have been educated in those institutions in the 1997-1998 academic year. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File When considered in terms of schooling, although the schooling in Giresun remains above the national average in Turkey province-wide for primary and high school education, it remains less than one third of the national average in Turkey for the universities and colleges. In the 1997-1998 academic year, there were 714 schools, 3621 teachers and 79.870 students in the Giresun Province. • Health There are 16 health-care institutions in total in the Giresun Province. 15 of these are serving attached to the Ministry of Health and 1 attached to the SSK (Social Security Agency). 1 of those hospitals is a birth center, 1 Pulmonary Diseases Hospital, 7 State Hospitals and 6 are health clinics. There are 419 health houses, 55 health clinics and 4 dispensaries province- wide in Giresun. According to the 1997 data, the number of patients per bed in the province is 460 and the number of the patients per physician is 3300. There are 89 specialist doctors and 173 interns are working in the health institutions. There are specialist doctors and 45 interns, 43 dentists and 633 nurses province-wide in Giresun. There are 1255 beds in the health institutions in total. • Transportation The power plant building shall be constructed on the left hand side of the Kümbet road junction of the Dereli- ebinkarahisar highway. When we turn to the Kümbet road and continue until the Güdül village, the route of the penstock remains on the left. When we pass the Güdül village and continue on the highway, the Regulator-1 site and construction site are reached in about 3 km. • Agriculture Due to the characteristics of the Eastern Black Sea Region, the section of the Giresun Province facing the sea and the section remaining behind the mountains exhibit very different properties in terms of land make up. The vegetation is rich on the slopes facing the sea, which receive plenty of rain. There are fruit plants in this section led by hazel nuts and the other leaf-shedding tress up to 700-800 m of elevations. Further up the pine varieties take place and above 2000 m, the plateaus are found. Hazel nuts are produced intensively in the section of the Giresun Province facing the sea. Other than hazel nuts, other types of vegetables are also grown on a family needs basis. An increase in observed in the hot-house operations in the recent years as well. Tea plant is grown in the Tirebolu and Eynesil districts. In the ebinkarahisar, Aluçra and Çamoluk districts located at higher altitudes, tobacco is planted in addition to the grains, fruits and vegetables. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File • Industry Giresun Province is not a well developed province in terms of industry and therefore commerce. The manufacturing industry is based on the agricultural and forestry products in general. The branches of industry available in Giresun are as follows mostly: hazel nut cracking and processing, lumber processing, particle board, lumber, parquetry and metal works to certain degree. • Tourism Although the Giresun Province has a good potential in terms of tourism, the tourism facilities are rather poor. The forest areas are quite suitable for nature tourism. • Geology and seismology In the general and stratigraphical geological assessment related to the Yüce HES project, the previous feasibility report, MTA publications and Giresun geological map no. G40 c2 have been utilized and the data concerning the geology of the project site have been combined with the data obtained from the observation of the area, enabling a summary assessment of the subject. General Geology The project site is located at the eastern side of the pontides described by Ketin (1966). This section of the pontides is divided in to two zones with different litho-stratigraphical properties. The area that is affected most by the magmatic activities to the north is called the Northern Zone and the area remaining outside the magmatic effects and with a sedimented surface is called the Southern zone. The project site and its vicinity are located in the northern zone of the eastern pontides. While thick and unbroken volcanic, volcano-sediment and shale are encountered in the northern zone, which is influenced by intense magmatic activity, shale with mostly flysch-characteristics is seen in the southern zone. Those units, which pass in to the paleocene are cut by the Ka çak Granitoide, which has completed the first stage of settling and are covered improperly by the Eocene units. The magmatic activities of the northern zone of the eastern pontides have started from the Jurassic and continued until the end of eocene. As a result of those activities, the volcanic, volcano-sediment and intrusive rocks have become common in the area. Therefore, the products of the volcanic and magmatic activities are observed widespread in the project site and its vicinity. During the periods, when the magmatic activities have relented or slowed down, sedimentation has become dominant. The stratigraphic cross-section and the contents of the formations in the fissure are given in Figure 6. The kizdere Magmatides observed in a large portion of the project site and forming basic rock for the project constructions correspond to the Kaçkar Granitoids of the Eastern Pontides. In the project site located in the Northern zone of the eastern pontides, characteristics of the underwater volcanism developed in the Upper Cretaceous. While the stacks were becoming under the effects of the Alpine orogenesis, the units Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File have also been affected and broken but not twisted completely. Nonetheless, sedimentation rocks and small-scale twisting are still observed. The largest structural near the project site is the North Anatolian Fault, which shapes the south- southwestern boundary of the region. With a stroke in the right hand direction, the active fault is about 60 km away from the project site. Regional geology Stratigraphic geology Out of the formations in the stratigraphic cross-section, the kisu Granitoide and the Dereli metaformites, which form the foundation, surface at the project site. The kisu Granitoides form the rock bed of all the project construction locations. The extended stratigraphic cross-sections of the project site are given in Figure 6. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File EXPLANATIONS ALLUVIUM Quatemerian Qal ~~~~~~~~~ TRAVERTINE Qt ~~~~~~~~~ EKECEK VOLCANITES Te (Andesite, Basalt) SENOZOIC KAR I KENT FORMATION Tk (Conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shalestone) Tersier Diorite, Gabro Ta YE LCE FORMATION Ty (Conglomerate, sandy Limestone, Andesite, Basalt, tufa, Agglomerate) ~~~~~~~~~ K SU GRANITOIDE Ki (Granit, sieno-granite, monsonide) FATSA FORMATION Kf (Andesite, Basalt, tufa, Agglomerate, Sandstone, marn, micritic Limestone lenses) Yomrahisar Dasite Member Kfy (Dasite) Kestane Limestone Member Cretaceous Kfk (Pelagic Limestone) MESUD YE FORMATION MESOZOIC Km (Andesite, Basalt, tufa, Agglomerate, Sandstone, siltstone, claystone, micritic Limestone) Batlamadere Member Kmb (Dasite, tufa, Agglomerate) Z NAV LIMESTONE JKrz (Resifac Limestone) Jurassic HAMURKESEN FORMATION Jh (Andesite, Basalt, tufa, Agglomerate, Sandstone, Siltstone, shale, mudstone and Limestone lenses) Teresdam Member Jht (Floor Conglomerate) ~~~~~~~~~ Trias DEREL METAMORPHICS PALEOZOIC PzMzd Umuf Marble member Permian PzMzdu (Marble, crystallized Limestone) Küçükahmet Shale member PzMzdk (Sedimented shale and metavolcanite) Figure 5: The generalized stratigraphic cross-section of the area studies. • Dereli Metamorphides Those are the oldest formations in the project site, which form the foundation. The Küçükahmet shale member containing sediment-based shale and metavolcanite lies at the base of the formation. The Umut marble member containing marble and crystallized limestone lies on top of the Küçükahmet shale member. Those appear like a complex structure. The passage of the units in the lateral and vertical directions is generally irregular. • kisu Granitoide This is comprised of granite, sieno-granite and mosoides. They surface at the wide areas at the project site and its vicinity and provide a hard topography in the Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File areas, where they surface. The whitish and grey-pink colored granitoides massive structures fractured or cracked at places. The fracture systems have developed in three directions. They are sheared by quartz micro-diorites and diorites at places. The very hard unit in the land according to its reaction against the hammer strike is medium resistant (50-100 MPA) and resistant (100-200 Mpa). Kaolin formations are encountered at places along the discontinuity planes due to flattening. The discontinuity gap is >2 m and continuity is <1 m. The joints are generally closed and around 5 mm on the surface and 0.1 - 5 mm in the deeper places. The joint surfaces are rough-very rough, with < 5 mm hard filling (quartz and calcium) and clay filling in some places. The joint surfaces have decomposed to a little-medium degree. The granites are in the “good rock” class according to the Average RMR classification in the tunnel and in the “medium rock” class according to the Average Q classification (Barton et al, 1974). The bedrock has a generally naked appearance at the construction sites. The supporting strength value of the rock is eminently sufficient. The single axis pressure resistance of the granites in the literature varies between 750-2500 kg/cm2 and the carrying strength of those values is in the range of 35-125 kg/cm2 according to the discontinuities contained in the rock. The average cohesion of the rock mass is --- kPa and the internal friction angle is around 35 degrees. The changing values under the best and worst conditions are given in Table 16. Their permeability is medium and pose a medium degree of excavating difficulty. For the excavations to be made in the bedrock, 1 horizontal and 3.5 vertical beveling application shall be both safe and sufficient. Table 16: The RMR Classification for the Granitoides (Bieniawski, 1989) ASSESSMENT AND GRADING CLASSIFICATION PARAMETERS WORST BEST 50-100 Mpa 100-250 MPa Single-Axis Pressure Resistance 7 12 % 25-50 % 75-90 Rock Quality Indicator (RQD) 8 17 200-600 mm >2 m Discontinuity gap 10 20 1-3 m <1m Continuous 4 6 >5 mm <0.1 mm Opening 0 5 Little rough Rough Status of the discontinuities Roughness 3 5 Soft, > 5 mm Hard, < 5 mm Filling 0 4 Medium Little Decomposition 3 5 Dripping Moist Underground water 4 10 Medium Very suitable Foundation Management of the -7 -0 discontinuities Medium Very suitable Tunnel -5 -0 Foundation 32 84 Rock Points and Class Tunnel 34 84 Supervised Blasting, coefficient=0.955 Adjusted Rock Points and Foundation 31-WEAK ROCK 81-VERY GOOD ROCK Class Tunnel 33- WEAK ROCK 81-VERY GOOD ROCK Approximately 1 day for a 3 m No support is required for a Average time of remaining unsupported opening 3 m opening Cohesion of the rock mass (kPa) 100-200 300-400 Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Internal friction angle of the rock mass (degree) 15-25 35-45 VERY GOOD ROCK (100-81) ; GOOD ROCK (80-61) ; MEDIUM ROCK (60-41) ; WEAK ROCK (40-21) ; VERY WEAK ROCK (<20) Average RMR points medium rock) = 3 points according to the Q system (weak rock)= Acc. To Terzaghi 2nd and 3rd class. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File • Alluvium (Qal) The alluvial sediments comprised of materials in block, gravel and sand sizes formed in the widening areas of the valleys at the project site, at the converging points of the streams and the flat lands, where their speed decreases, become blocky at the places, where the bed slopes downward and the ratio of the finer materials decreases. Those are made of volcanic and magmatic materials and are badly sized. Found in narrow bands along the stream beds and in thin strips. • Hillside colluviums (Qym) Those are the deposits formed by the semi-angular, coarse gravel, sand and blocks adhered loosely by clay at the hillsides and skirts. The thickness of the hillside colluviums composed of clay, gravel and block-type materials with a varying thickness depending on the inclination of the hillside varies between 0.50 m and 5 m in general. As the slopes of the valley sides are rather sharp, the bedrock formations on the slopes appear to be naked often. The hillside covering materials are very scarce with the effect of the rainfall and are very shallow at the areas observed. Stratification and Joint conditions As the rocks surfacing in the area examined are metamorphic and depth rocks, stratification has not developed. Regular joining systems developed in three directions are observed in the granites. Conglomerate, kaolin, chloride and limonite formations have developed along the joining systems. The same type of separation and alteration traces are also observed at the rocks around the intrusions of the magmatic rocks mineral and ore formations. Flattening has developed at places along the tri-directional joints of the granite intrusion rocks, the magmatic action of which is quite evident in the region. Fault No faults that could be associated with the project constructions that affect the project constructions was observed. Landslide No landslides were observed that could concern the project constructions. The active landslides seen at the left and right banks of the Yüce Creek (Semail creek) a little downstream of Regulator 1 that develop in connection with the heel erosion triggered by the creek mostly have no relation with the project constructions. Engineering Geology of the construction sites. Regulator Sites Regulator 1, which shall direct the Yüce Creek waters to the Güdül Creek valley, is located at 200 m west of the Çubuk quarter and on the creek bed at 870 m elevation. Regulator 2 is located on the Güdül Creek approximately 1 km upriver from the Yara quarter and at 868.15 m elevation. The bedrock at both regulator sites is comprised of granitoides. The engineering characteristics of the bedrock are Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File explained above and the granitoides are extremely dependable and problem-free in terms of providing a foundation. At the Regulator 1 site, which shall direct the Yüce Creek waters to the Güdül Creek valley, the highway is at the left bank. Approximately 5-6 m-thick alluvium material covers the bedrock in the creek’s bank. The sides of the valley are bare in general and alluviums are observed at 2-3 m from the creek bed. At the Regulator 2 site, where the creek bed widens a bit more, the hillside is covered for about 2 m until a certain elevation and 4-5 m-thick alluvium is seen in the creek bed. Gravel and block materials are predominant in the alluvium with bad grading. The foundations of the facility shall be placed on the granites after removing the alluvium from the Regulator sites. The carrying strength of the bedrock is eminently sufficient. Eliminating the medium-scale permeability values shall be possible by injection. The slopes are stable. No problems shall be experienced at the facility locations in terms of carrying strength, permeability and stability. The valley is relatively narrow at the Regulator 1 site to be constructed on the Güdül creek. The bedrock in the creek bed is covered with 2-3 m-thick alluvium materials and a very thin layer of hillside rubble is present on the bedrock at the sides of valley. The alluvium thickness shall remain above the elevation of the excavation most probably. The foundations of the facility shall be placed on the granites after removing the alluvium from the Regulator sites. The carrying strength of the bedrock is eminently sufficient. The slopes are stable. No problems shall be experienced at this Regulator site in terms of carrying strength, permeability and stability just like Regulator 1. Eliminating the medium-scale permeability values shall be possible by short footage and injection. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Photograph-2: The downriver view of the Regulator 1 site on the Yüce Creek Photograph-3: The downriver view of the Regulator Two site and the Starting point of the canal Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Conduction Canals Those are located on the left bank of the Güdül creek and 2030 m-long. The bedrock along the route of the conduction canal is comprised of granite type rocks. As the hillside cover is generally thin, the excavation bed shall most probably be seated on the bedrock along the canal platform (Photograph-3). The engineering characteristics of the bedrock are given above and the granitoides are extremely dependable and problem-free in terms of providing a foundation. Other than the separation levels at the upper levels, the granitoides are generally hard and durable. During the excavation to be made, 40% hard rock and 60% hard and normal soil is expected. Blasting might be required in some places. There is no stability problem along the route. The hillside has been found to be stable and no serious stability problem is expected after the excavation as well. There is no underground water problem. The excessive inclination of the hillside along the route shall make a staged slanting unavoidable. In the stage's slanting application, taking the slope height as 8 m and slope width as 3 m shall generally be adequate. For the excavations in the bedrock, 1 horizontal / 3.5 vertical slope application shall be sufficient. Conduction Tunnel The 1700 m-long derivation tunnel shall be opened through the granitoides. According to the RMR classification system based on the surface surveys, the granite-type rocks are included in the “good rock” class, in the medium rock class according to the Q classification system and in the class 2 rocks according to the Terzaghi classification for tunnel opening. In order to ensure stability and support the vaulting in this type of relatively jointed and durable rocks, in which medium-length excavation stages can be made, application of local or point rock bolts and concrete injection with or without grid (light support class) is generally adequate and such applications shall be necessary for a large section of the route. For the flattened and calcified zones in the hard and brittle granite rocks, wide fault and joint regions, clay-filled joining and fissured zones, and the entry-exit areas of the tunnel, where the top layer thickness is less than 40 m, which could create problems in terms of digging the tunnel and stability, taking additional support measures for short distances and using concrete injection reinforced with steel grid and rock bolts as temporary support and additionally steel supports for very short distances shall be required. It is thought that other than the zones described above, concrete coating shall generally not be required for the tunnel sections. With a rough estimation; 20% section of the tunnel route shall require: 1st class support system 60% section of the tunnel route shall require: 2nd class support system 10% section of the tunnel route shall require: 3rd class support system 5% section of the tunnel route shall require: 4th class support system 5% section of the tunnel route shall require: 5th class support system For the rock units to be passes through on the tunnel route, the support systems described below may be recommended as a preliminary approach: Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Class 1 (very light support system): Rock bolt and/or concrete injection application for supporting only some certain blocks and scissoring zones locally in the Terzaghi Class 1-2, RMR>55, Q>2.5 hard and resistant rocks with rare joints that can carry themselves without additional support for long periods, where long excavation stages can be made. Class 2 (light support system): Generally Terzaghi Class 2-3, RMR>45-55, 1<Q<2.5; in order to ensure stability and support the vaulting in this the relatively jointed and resistant rock type, where medium length excavations can be made, local and point and/or local systematic rock bolts and concrete injection with or without steel reinforcement in generally the upper part of the tunnel. Class 3 (medium support system): Generally Terzaghi Class 3-4, RMR>36-45, 0.4<Q<1; for this calcified rock type flattened at some places with short resistance times and many fissures along with excessive scissoring zones, where medium length excavations can be made, systematic rock bolts, concrete injection (5+5) and steel mat application. Class 4 (heavy support system. Terzaghi Class 4-5, RMR<36, 0.10<Q<0.40; for those crossing zones, fault zones, clay-filled joints, tunnel entrance and exit, access tunnel joining places and the tunnel sections with a very short resistance time, where short excavations such as 1-2 m can be made, rock bolts, steel mat, double layer concrete injection (5+10) application. Steel support lining may be required in some places. Class 5 (very heavy support system. Terzaghi Class 6; for those tunnel sections with very weak soiled fault zones, clay-filled joints that could affect the stability, in form of narrow opening fluid and compressing units, which can be excavated without blasting, steel cladding, rock bolts, double layer concrete injection (5+10) and steel mat application. Reinforcing the steel lining bases with pillow concrete as trusses may be required in some places. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Photograph-4: The Surface flows around the Tunnel entrance mouth (upriver) Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Photograph-5: Down-river view of the Tunnel route The support systems recommended shall be applicable for the tunnel route to a large extent. The estimated support class ratios may increase or decrease somewhat once detailed studies are conducted. 2 m-long wells should be made by contact injection along the tunnel as well as consolidation injections at the places that require class 4 and 5 support systems. It is thought that the tunnel’s elevation should remain above the underground water level. The underground water shall be at a level that shall not create any problem for the tunnel excavation and stability. Surface flows are observed in the hillside rubble around the tunnel entrance mouth. As the sliding arch is not deep, the said leaks with superficial appearance are not large enough to create any problem in forming a mirror. Forming mirrors in those areas after scraping should be possible. Loading Pool, Penstock route and Power plant location The bedrock for the facility location is comprised of granite and granitic rocks like the Regulator site and conduction tunnel. A thin layer of hillside cover is present on the bedrock at the loading pool site on the ridge extending from the Yara hill to the Güdül quarter. The boundary of the bedrock-hillside rubble remains above the loading pool excavation elevation. Once the hillside rubble and bedrock separation zone are removed, the base of the facility shall be seated on the bedrock. The bedrock does not pose any problem in terms of supporting strength and generally little permeable or impermeable. No difficulties shall be encountered during the excavations inside the bedrock. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File The first 900 meters of the penstock with a total length of 2120 m is located on the ridge, where the Güdül quarter is located at. The 1220 m-long route between the Güdül creek and power plant follows the access road completely. The inclination of the topography of the first 900 m section of the penstock route is generally homogenous. At this section of the route, the bedrock is covered by a 2-3 m-thick hillside layer and the supports are thought to be seated on the bedrock. In the areas, where the surface separation penetrates deeper, the excessive excavations made should be filled with blinding concrete. The hard and strong levels of the bedrock has to be reached for the foundations of the penstock. The bedrock does not pose any problem of supporting strength and the penstock hillside is stable. There is no underground water problem. No geological problems are anticipated for the other sections of the route following the access road route Photograph-6: A view of the penstock hillside after the loading pool (0+200m - 0+900m) The bedrock at the power plant site located at the bottom of the Semail Creek right bank’s slope is covered with alluvium and hillside rubble. The thickness of the said covering materials is estimated to be 10-15 m. Once the alluvium, hillside debris and the bedrock separation zone are removed, the bottom of the power plant shall be seated on the bedrock. The engineering characteristics of the bedrock are given above and the granitoides are extremely reliable and problem-free for making the foundations. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File During the excavation of the slope’s bottom support elements such as anchor bolting and concrete injection with wire cage might be required. No problems shall be encountered at the power plant site in terms of carrying strength, permeability and stability. Earthquake conditions The project area situated within the boundaries of the Giresun Province, Dereli District is in the 3rd degree earthquake band according to the Earthquake Zones Map of Turkey provided by the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement. According to the earthquake research data, 81 earthquakes have been recorded in the Giresun Province between 1881-1996 with a magnitude between 4,3 – 7,2. 62% of the said earthquakes were M<5.0, 27% M<6.0 and 5% M>6.0. The major earthquakes that took place are the 1909 mral -Zara (M=6,3) , 1916 Tokat (M=7,1) , 1923 Çaml bel (M=5,9), 1929 Su ehri (M=6,1), 1939 Tercan (M=5,9), 1942 Erbaa-Tokat (M=7,0) and 1960 ebinkarahisar (M=5,9) earthquakes. The Earthquake Zones Map of Turkey provided by the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Catastrophe Operations General Directorate is given in Figure 7. Figure 6 : Earthquake Zones Map of Turkey The project site and its vicinity lies within the 3rd degree earthquake band as shown in the Earthquake Zones Map of Turkey (1996) provided by the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (Pls. see Figure 8) Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Figure 7: Earthquake Map of the area According to the live faults of Turkey (MTA 19912), there are no live faults in the region examined, that could affect the project constructions. The North Anatolian Faults lies approximately 60 km south of the project area. According to the assessment provided in the publication “Earthquake Risk of Turkey” (TMMOB Chamber of Geo-physical Engineers, 1990), the probabilities of magnitude 5 or more severe Earthquakes by the periods in and around the Giresun Province are given in the table below: Magnitude 1 year 25 Years 49 Years 73 Years 97 Years Return Period Period 5.0 8.9 90.2 99.0 99.9 100.0 10.7 5.5 5.5 73.6 92.7 98.0 99.4 18.8 6.0 3.0 53.4 77.6 89.3 94.8 32.7 6.5 1.7 35.5 57.6 72.2 81.7 57.1 7.0 1.0 22.2 38.9 52.0 62.3 99.3 7.5 0.6 13.4 24.6 34.3 42.8 173.6 Taking the horizontal Earthquake acceleration coefficient for the 3rd degree dangerous Earthquake zones, which the project site is located in, as 0.2 A 0.3 is recommended Conclusion and the issues to be Taken in to Account During the Final Project Stage 1- No problems shall be experienced at the Regulator sites in terms of supporting strength and permeability. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File 2- As the hillside top cover is thin generally over the route, the bottom of the excavation shall sit on the bedrock to a large extent. The granitoides are extremely reliable and problem-free for building the foundations. During the excavations, 40% hard rock 60% lumpy earth is expected to be excavated. The hillsides have been found stable and no stability problem that might be considered as important after the excavation is expected. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File 3- The entire tunnel shall be excavated through granite or granitic rocks. These rocks are considered as “good rock” for opening a tunnel. For 20% of the route very light class support, for 60% light class support, for 10% medium class support, for 5% heavy class support and for 5% very heavy class support application shall be required. There is no underground water problem. Coating shall not be needed to a large extent. 4- An adequate number of foundation study wells should be opened at the construction sites in order to determine the engineering characteristics of the bedrock, permeability, underground water level and the excavation boundaries depending on the separation zone and to conduct a detailed examination of the facility locations. 5- The concrete aggregate materials that shall be required for the project constructions shall be obtained from the granites by rock-crushing. Therefore, stone quarries close to the project site and with suitable properties should be found and the samples taken from the sections that are not decomposed should be tested in the laboratory to establish the materials’ quality. 6- The project site is located within the 3rd degree earthquake band. According to the earthquake research data, 81 earthquakes have been recorded in the Giresun Province between 1881-1996 with a magnitude between 4,3 – 7,2. 62% of the said earthquakes were M<5.0, 27% M<6.0 and 5% M>6.0. Meteorological and climatic characteristics The climate displays varying characteristics at some places in Giresun. While at the north of the Giresun Mountains, which cover a large section of the province, i.e. the Black Sea coast, a mild and rainy climate prevails, in the Kelkit Basin situated at the south of the mountains inland climate characteristics are encountered. The data from the Giresun Meteorology station nearest to the project site were used (Pls. see Annex-9).. • Temperature; According to the data from the Giresun Meteorology station, the Annual Average temperature is 14,4 0C, the highest temperature measured is 36 0C and the lowest temperature measured is -4,9 0C. The temperature values and Average temperature graphic for the Giresun province are given below: Giresun Meteorology station Temperature Values; Months Average Average High Average Low Temperature 0C Temperature 0C Temperature 0C January 7,3 10,3 4,9 February 6,8 10,0 4,3 March 8,1 11,5 5,4 April 11,5 15,2 8,8 May 15,3 18,5 12,8 June 20,0 23,2 17,1 July 22,9 26,0 20,2 Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File August 23,3 26,6 20,6 September 20,1 23,5 17,5 October 16,3 19,6 13,9 November 12,3 15,6 9,8 December 9,2 12,3 6,7 Annual 14,4 17,7 11,8 Source: D.M. . General Directorate, 1975-2006 Giresun Meteorology Station Data Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Figure 8: Average Temperature Graphic • Rain The Annual Average Total amount of rain is 2237,7 mm in Giresun. The Months with the highest amounts of rain are October, November, and the Months with the lowest amounts of rain are April, May. The Average Total amounts of rain in Giresun are given below. Giresun Meteorology station rain Values; Months Average Total Rain (mm) Daily Maximum Rain(mm) January 117,6 72,6 February 95,9 36,8 March 91,4 50,7 April 85,7 43,0 May 70,5 57,4 June 80,1 72,9 July 67,3 128,3 August 88,9 103,7 September 116,0 75,4 October 175,9 105,2 November 148,2 72,8 December 120,9 55,6 Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Annual 1258,4 128,3 Source: D.M. . General Directorate, 1975-2006 Giresun Meteorology Station Data Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Figure 9: Average Total Rain Graphic • Relative Humidity Annual Average Relative Humidity %73 in Giresun. While the monthly Average Relative Humidity reaches a maximum of 80% in May, it drops to a minimum of 68% in December. Giresun Meteorology station Values Relative Humidity (%) values Months Average Relative Humidity (%) Minimum Relative Humidity (%) January 69 18 February 70 12 March 73 20 April 76 20 May 80 24 June 76 31 July 76 37 August 76 41 September 76 37 October 75 24 November 70 16 December 68 16 Annual 73 12 Source: D.M. . General Directorate, 1975-2006 Giresun Meteorology Station Data Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Figure 10: Relative Humidity Distribution Graphic • Wind According to the observation records of the Giresun Meteorology station, the predominant wind direction is SSW (south-southwest). The Annual Average wind speed is 1,2 m/sec. Average wind speeds by the months:; Months Average Wind Speed (m/sec) January 1,3 February 1,4 March 1,3 April 1,2 May 1,1 June 1,1 July 1,1 August 1,1 September 1,1 October 1,2 November 1,2 December 1,2 Annual 1,2 Source: D.M. . General Directorate, 1975-2006 Giresun Meteorology Station Data Numbers of the winds by the directions Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File NUMBERS OF THE WINDS BY DIRECTIONS MONTHS N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW JANUARY 48 99 138 95 73 85 94 123 239 504 268 171 91 120 75 74 FEBRUARY 45 95 163 111 62 50 83 97 162 463 226 175 121 96 82 78 MARCH 69 157 218 147 86 55 68 74 164 375 248 159 130 135 121 111 APRIL 100 194 251 149 70 49 88 80 121 301 214 159 108 112 105 111 MAY 97 278 193 128 66 42 60 101 113 286 216 146 103 130 105 127 JUNE 111 241 152 94 39 34 54 78 141 357 198 138 69 106 121 153 JULY 120 169 85 76 32 25 36 90 180 443 288 138 60 114 122 182 AUGUST 100 186 86 79 21 29 57 109 201 512 219 98 49 108 111 193 YELL 73 200 153 60 48 41 75 120 242 489 162 82 47 75 81 141 OCTOBER 58 115 207 85 74 83 120 143 245 483 157 99 47 82 71 85 NOVEMBER 35 87 164 112 74 88 101 158 222 546 164 93 59 54 53 55 DECEMBER 41 68 150 98 81 99 123 165 241 521 216 122 79 75 61 63 ANNUAL 897 1889 1960 1234 726 680 959 1338 2271 5280 2576 1580 963 1207 1108 1373 Source: D.M. . General Directorate, 1975-2006 Giresun Meteorology Station Data Average Wind Speeds by the Directions (m/s) WIND SPEEDS BY THE DIRECTIONS MONTHS N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW JANUARY 1,4 1,6 1,5 1,2 1,0 0,9 0,9 1,1 1,1 1,7 1,9 2,3 2,8 2,1 2,0 2,2 FEBRUARY 1,4 1,6 1,8 1,6 1,3 0,9 0,9 1,2 1,2 1,7 1,7 2,6 2,9 2,6 2,0 2,0 MARCH 1,3 1,7 1,8 1,6 1,2 0,9 0,8 1,1 1,0 1,6 1,7 2,2 2,3 2,3 1,8 1,6 APRIL 1,2 1,7 1,8 1,6 1,3 1,0 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,5 1,5 1,9 2,2 2,1 1,5 1,4 MAY 1,4 1,7 1,9 1,6 1,0 1,1 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,3 1,3 1,7 2,2 1,9 1,3 1,3 JUNE 1,7 2,0 2,0 1,8 1,0 0,7 0,9 1,0 0,9 1,4 1,3 2,0 1,9 2,1 1,8 1,4 JULY 1,5 2,0 2,0 1,8 0,9 0,6 0,7 1,0 0,9 1,5 1,4 1,7 2,6 2,4 1,7 1,5 AUGUST 1,6 1,8 2,1 1,6 0,7 0,6 0,7 1,3 0,9 1,5 1,5 2,0 2,5 2,6 2,0 1,5 SEPTEMBER 1,4 1,9 1,9 1,6 1,0 0,8 0,9 1,1 1,0 1,6 1,7 2,2 2,8 2,2 1,9 1,6 OCTOBER 1,8 1,6 1,7 1,4 1,0 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,7 1,9 2,7 2,8 2,6 2,1 1,7 NOVEMBER 1,3 1,6 1,5 1,2 0,9 0,9 0,9 1,2 1,0 1,8 2,0 2,7 3,0 3,1 2,2 1,9 DECEMBER 1,3 1,5 1,3 1,3 0,9 0,9 0,8 1,2 1,2 1,8 2,0 2,6 3,0 3,1 2,3 2,2 ANNUAL 1,5 1,7 1,7 1,5 1,0 0,9 0,9 1,1 1,0 1,6 1,7 2,2 2,5 2,3 1,8 1,6 Source: D.M. . General Directorate, 1975-2006 Giresun Meteorology Station Data Figure 11: The weathervane diagram according to the numbers of the winds. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Figure 12: Annual Wind Diagram according to the speeds b) Based on the list of the Sensitive Regions shown in Annex-5; the watery areas, coastal areas, mountainous and forest areas, agricultural areas, national parks, special protected areas, high-population areas, historical, cultural, archeological and other important areas, erosion areas, landslide areas, vegetated areas, potential vegetation and erosion areas as well as the aquifers that need to be protected as per the Law Concerning the Underground Waters date 16.12.1960 and no. 167. The project site qualifies as forest area. The arrangement map for the project site and its vicinity is given attached to the report (Pls. see Annex-3). The permits required shall be obtained from the Regional Forestry Directorate. According to the land utilization map attached to the report (Pls. see Annex-2), the project site and its vicinity are in the Class VII land utilization group. There are no coastal areas, national parks, special protection areas, high- population areas, historical, cultural, archeological and other important areas, erosion areas, vegetated areas, potential vegetation and erosion areas in or around the project site. FLORA METHODOLOGY In order to determine the risks faced by the floral structure and the components of the flora in the area covered by the Yüce HES, Regulator I and II project in the Giresun Province, Dereli District as well as their status, Specialist Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Biologist Ha im ALTINÖZLÜ, associate professor at the Hacettepe University had conducted outdoor studies in 2008 (pls. See photograph 6). Plant samples have been collected from the area during the outdoor studies. The fresh plant samples have been desiccated in compliance with the associated method. The source titled "Flora of Turkey And East Aegean Islands" has been used for describing the dried plant samples. A list of the plants identified is given in Table 17. In the list of the flora prepared, the systematic locations of the plants thus identified have been provided alphabetically in order to make the checks easier. The family has been given in the first column, the taxa in the second, the endemism status in the third, the Phytogeographical Regions –if known- in the fourth and the Turkish names are given in the fifth column. The sources titled “Master Guide to the Plants” prepared by inasi Akal n and "Turkish Plant Names" prepared by Prof. Dr. Turhan Baytop have been used for providing the Turkish names of the plants. In the sixth and last column of the table, the Taxa Danger Category is given. The Danger Categories for the plants have been indicated according to the criteria set out by the IUCN Commission and the source titled “Red Book of the Plant in Turkey” prepared by Ekim et al. And published by the Association for Protecting the Nature in Turkey has been used The abbreviations used for determining the Danger Categories for the plants and their explanations: EX: Extinct LC: Minor threat EW: Extinct in nature DD: Insufficient data CR: High danger NT: Bout to face danger EN: Danger VU: May be damaged NE: Unclassified Habitat Classes: 1- Forest 2- Scrub 3- Frigana (mostly thorny, stunted thickets that form a soft bed) 4- Cultivation areas (plantations, agricultural lands etc.) 5- Dry meadows 6- Humid meadows, marshes and watery areas 7- Road side 8- Rocky Relative Abundance Classes: 1- Vey rare 2- rare 3- Medium abundance 4- Abundant 5- Very abundant Endemism: Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File L- Local endemic B- Regional endemic Y- wide-spread endemic FLORA ANALYSIS As a result of the study conducted on the flora structure of the Yüce HES, Regulator I and II Project sites in the Giresun Province, Dereli District, 50 families have been found containing 140 genus, 167 species, 15 sub-species and 4 varieties. The distribution of the plants found in this area by the Phytogeographical Regions is as follows: Mediterranean elements 2, European-Siberian (Avr-Sib.) Elements 36, Ir.- Tur. Elements 5, Oksin elements 31 and Hyrcano-oksin elements 2. 91 species were either in unknown Phytogeographical Regions or in more than one Phytogeographical Regions. All 167 plant species found in the study area are in the LC (Low Threat) category. 1 endemic plant species has been found in the project construction site, which is Dianthus carmelitarum Reut. ex DC (Carnation). PROTECTION MEASURES 1 endemic plant species has been found in the Yüce HES, Regulator I and II project sites in the Giresun Province, Dereli District. As this species is in the LC category according to the IUCN criteria, taking protective measures is not required. Cyclamen coum Miller species has also been found in the project site, which is not endemic but under protection as per the BERN agreement. According to the BERN agreement, the entire population of the species found in the construction site should be transplanted to the other suitable areas. The most suitable period for transplanting is May-June. CONCLUSION When the floristic lists of the Yüce HES, Regulator I and II project sites in the Giresun Province, Dereli District are evaluated, none of the plant species that were taken under protection as per the CITES Agreement (Agreement Concerning the International Trading of the Endangered Plant and Animal Species) signed in Washington on March 3, 1978 are present in the in the above areas. Only the Cyclamen coum Miller species has been fond in the project site, which was taken under protection as per the Agreement for the Protection of the Wild Life In Europe and Their Habitats (BERN), which was ratified by Turkey officially on 09.01.1984. The entire population found in the project site should be transplanted to some other suitable locations according to the BERN agreement. The most suitable period for transplanting is May-June. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Yüce Hydro Power Plant Table 17: Floristic List of the Yüce Hes, Regulator I-II Project Sites Family Taxa Turkish NamePhytogeographical Habitat Relative Abundance End. Status Danger Region Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 L B Y PTERIDOPHYTA Aspleniaceae Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. eritsi e relti __ x x LC Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense L. Atkuyru u __ x x LC Polypodiaceae Polypodium vulgare L. Benekli e relti __ x x LC Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Kartal e relti __ x x LC SPERMATOPHYTA GYMNOSPERMAE Pinaceae Picea orientalis (L.) Link Ladin Öksin ele. x x LC ANGIOSPERMAE DICOTYLEDONES Ranunculaceae Adonis aestivalis L. subsp. Aestivalis Kanavc otu __ x x LC Clematis vitalba L. Akasma __ x x LC Ranunculus repens L. Dü ün çiçe i __ x x LC Ranunculus cappadocicus Willd. Dü ün çiçe i Öksin ele. x x LC Ranunculus constantinopolitanus (DC.) Dü ün çiçe i __ x x LC d’Urv. Papaveraceae Chelidonium majus L. __ Avr.-Sib. ele. x x x LC Fumar a microcarpa Boiss. Ex Hausskn. ahtere __ x x LC Papaver dubium L. Gelincik __ x x LC Brass caceae Alyssum murale var. Alpinum Boiss. ex Kuduz otu __ x x LC Nyár Arabis caucasica Willd. subsp. Kazteresi __ x x LC Caucasica Barbarea plantaginea DC. K teresi __ x x LC Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Çobançantas __ x x LC Cardamine impatiens L. var. mpatiens Yaban teresi __ x x LC Cardamine impatiens L. var. Yaban teresi Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC pectinata(palas) Traytv. Descurainia sophia (L.) __ __ x x LC Thlasp arvense L. Akça çiçe i x x LC Turr t s glabra L. __ __ x x LC Violaceae Viola arvensis Murray Menek e __ x x LC Viola tricolor L. Üç renkli __ x x LC menek e Caryophyllaceae Agrostemma githago L. Karamuk __ x x LC Arenar a serpyllifolia L. Kum otu, __ x x LC kanarya otu Cerast um cerastioides (L.) Britt. Boynuz otu __ x x LC Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Yüce Hydro Power Plant Family Taxa Turkish NamePhytogeographical Habitat Relative Abundance End. Status Danger Region Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 L B Y Dianthus carmelitarum Reut. ex Boiss. Karanfil Öksin ele. x x x LC M nuartia aizoides (Boiss.)Bornm. Minuatya __ x x LC S lene italica(L.) Pers. Nak l __ x x LC S lene multifida (Adams) Rohrb. Nak l Öksin ele. x x LC S lene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Nak l __ x x LC Polygonaceae Polygonum arenastrum Bor. Çoban __ x x LC de ne i Polygonum aviculare L. Çoban __ x x LC de ne i Rumex tuberosus L. subsp. Labada Ir.-Tur. ele x x LC horizontalis(Koch) Rech.fil. Hyper caceae Hyper cum hirsutum L. Koyunk ran __ x x LC Hyper cum linarioides Bosse Koyunk ran __ x x LC Malvaceae Alcea hohenackeri Wallr. Hatmi __ x x LC Geraniaceae Erodium cicutarium(L.) L’Herit. subsp. Turnagagas __ x x LC Cicutarium Geranium platypetalum Fisch.et Mey. Turnagagas Hirkano-Öksin ele. x x LC Moraceae Morus alba L. Ak dut __ x x LC Ficus carica L. var. carica ncir __ x x LC Celastraceae Euonymus latifolius(L.) Miller Papaz külah __ x x LC Ebenaceae Diospyros lotus L. Trabzon __ x x LC hurmas Buxaceae Buxus sempervirens L. im ir Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Fabaceae Coronilla orientalis Miller var. balansae Taç otu Öksin ele x x LC (Boiss.) Uhrova Coronilla orientalis Miller var. Orientalis Taç otu __ x x LC Coronilla varia L. subsp. varia Taç otu __ x x LC Hedysarum hedysaroides(L.) Tatl t rf l Avr.-Sib. ele x x LC Schinz & Thell. LC Lathyrus aureus(Stev.) Brandza Mürdümük Öksin ele. x x LC Lathyrus pratensis L. Mürdümük Avr.-Sib. ele x x LC Lotus corniculatus L. var. Corniculatus Gazal boynuzu __ x x LC Medicago lupulina L. Yonca __ x x LC Mel lotus officinalis(L.) Desr. Yonca __ x x LC Trifolium pratense L. var. Pratense Üçgül __ x x LC Vicia cracca L. subsp. cracca Fi __ x x LC Vicia cracca L. subsp. tenuifolia(Roth) Fi __ x x LC Gaudin Vicia villosa Roth subsp. Villosa Fi __ x x LC Rosaceae Agrimonia eupatoria L. __ __ x x LC Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Yüce Hydro Power Plant Family Taxa Turkish NamePhytogeographical Habitat Relative Abundance End. Status Danger Region Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 L B Y Alchem lla barbatiflora Juz. Arslan pençesi Öksin ele x x LC Aruncus vulgaris Rafin Kamç b y k Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Crataegus monogyna Jacq. subsp. Al ç __ x x x LC Monogyna Geum urbanum L. Hakiki karanfil Avr.-Sib. ele. x x x LC otu Potentilla argentea L. Be parmak __ x LC otu Potentilla erecta (L.) Rauschel Be parmak __ x x LC otu Rosa pulverulenta Bieb. Gül __ x x LC Rubus idaeus L. Ahududu __. x x LC S bbald a parviflora Willd. var. Parviflora Sibbaldya __ x x LC Primulaceae Cyclamen coum Miller var. Coum S klamen Öksin ele. x x LC Primula vulgaris Huds. Subsp. sibthorpii Çuha Öksin ele x x LC (Hoffmanns.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest Onagraceae Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam. Yak otu __ x x LC Epilobium anatolicum Hausskn. subsp. Yak otu Öksin ele x x LC prionophyllum(Hausskn.) P.H.Raven Crassulaceae Sedum alpestre Vill. Damkoru u Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Sedum annuum L. Damkoru u Avr.-Sib. ele x x LC Saxifragaceae Chrysosplen um dubium Gaye ex Ser. Dalak otu __ x x LC Saxifraga cymbalaria L. Var Ta k ran otu __ x x LC huetiana(Boiss.) Engler & Irmscher Apiaceae Astrantia maxima Palas subsp. Maxima Astrasya __ x x LC Carum caucasicum (Bieb.) Boiss. Kimyon __ x x LC Chamaesciadium acaule (Bieb.) Boiss. __ Hirkano-Öksin ele. x x LC Scal geria tripartita (Kalen.) Tamamsch. __ Öksin ele. x x LC Caprifoliaceae Sambucus nigra L. Siyah mürver Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Rubiaceae Asperula involucrata Wahlenb. Asperula __ x x LC Galium incanum Sm. subsp. ncanum Yo urt otu Akd. ele. x x LC Galium spurium L. subsp. Spurium Yo urt otu Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Valerianaceae Valeriana alliariifolia Adams Kedi otu Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC D psacaceae Scabiosa columbaria L. subsp. Uyuz otu __ x x LC columbaria var. columbaria Asteraceae Achillea biserrata Bieb. Civanperçemi Öksin ele. x x LC Achillea latiloba Ledeb. Ex Nordm. Civanperçemi Öksin ele. x x LC Anthemis marschalliana Willd. subsp. Papatya Öksin ele. x x LC pectinata (Boiss.) Grierson Arctium platylepis (Boiss. Et Bal.) Sosn. __ Öksin ele. x x LC Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Yüce Hydro Power Plant Family Taxa Turkish NamePhytogeographical Habitat Relative Abundance End. Status Danger Region Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 L B Y ex Grossh. Aster alpinus L. Saraypat __ x x LC Bellis perennis L. Bellis Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Centaurea hypoleuca DC. Yanardöner Öksin ele. x x LC C rs um arvense (L.) Scop. subsp. Deve dikeni __ x x LC vestitum (Wimmer et Grab.) Petrak C rs um osseticum (Adams) petrak Deve dikeni __ x x LC Crepis alpestris (Jacq.) Tausch Hindiba Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Crepis paludosa (L.) Moench Hindiba Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Lapsana communis L. Sensu lato __ __ x x LC Leontodon hispidus L. var. hispidus Arslan di i __ x x LC Logfia arvensis (L.) Holub __ __ x x LC Mycelis muralis (L.) Dum. __ Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertner E ek dikeni Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Pilosella hoppeana(Schultes) C.H. et __ Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC F.W.Schultz subsp. testimonialis(Naegli ex Peter) Sell et West Senecio Humidityorensis L. subsp. Kanarya otu Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Humidityorensis Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip. Teke sakal __ x x LC Taraxacum scaturiginosum G.Hangl. Hindiba __ x x LC Tripleurospermum caucasicum (Willd.) __ __ x x LC Hayek Campanulaceae Asyneuma amplexicaule (Willd.) Hand.- __ __ x x LC Mazz. subsp. amplexicaule var. amplexicaule Campanula lactiflora Bieb. Çan çiçe i Öksin ele. x x LC Campanula latifolia L. Çan çiçe i Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Ericaceae Rhododendron ponticum L. Orman gülü Öksin ele. x x LC Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis L. Gündüz sefas __ x x LC Calystegia silvatica (Kit.)Griserb. Deniz __ x x LC sarma Araliaceae Hedera helix L. Orman __ x x LC sarma Hedera colchica (C.Koch) C. Koch Duvar Öksin ele. x x LC sarma Boraginaceae Buglosso des arvensis (L.) Johnston __ __ x x LC Echium vulgare L. Engerek otu Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Myosotis platyphylla Boiss. Unutmabeni Ir.-Tur. ele. x x LC çiçe i Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Yüce Hydro Power Plant Family Taxa Turkish NamePhytogeographical Habitat Relative Abundance End. Status Danger Region Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 L B Y Symphytum longipetiolatum Wickens Karakafes otu Öksin ele. x x LC Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia canina L. subsp. bicolor S raca otu Akd. ele. x x LC (Sm.) Greuter Verbascum gnaphalodes Bieb.. Sin. S r kuyru u Öksin ele. x x LC Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. subsp. Yav an otu __ x x LC anagallis-aquatica Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. subsp. Yav an otu Ir.-Tur. ele. x x LC oxycarpa (Boiss.) Elenevsky Veronica officinalis L. Yav an otu Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Lamiaceae Ajuga orientalis L. Mayas l otu __ x x LC Calamintha grandiflora(L.) Moench T bbi misk Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson subsp. Nane Öksin ele. x x LC Longifolia Nepeta nuda L. subsp. albiflora (Boiss.) Kedi otu __ x x LC Gams Origanum vulgare L. subsp. viride Mercankö k __ x x LC (Boiss.) Hayek Prunella vulgaris L. Erik Otu Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Salvia verticillata L. subsp. Verticillata Ada çay Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Stachys annua (L.) L. subsp. annua var. Karaba __ x x LC annua Stachys iberica Bieb. subsp. iberica var. Karaba Ir.-Tur. ele. x x LC iberica Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. Yer me esi Öksin ele. x x LC trapezunticum Rech. fil. Thymus praecox Opiz subsp. Kekik __ x x LC grossheimii (Ronniger) Jalas var. grossheimii Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata L. Sinir otu __ x x LC Plantago major L. subsp. major. Sinir otu __ x x LC Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia djimilensis Boiss. Sütle en Öksin ele. x x LC Mercurialis ovata Sternb. et Yer Fesle eni __ x x LC Hoppe __ LC Fagaceae Castanea sativa Miller Kestane Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Fagus orientalis Lipsky Do u kay n Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Corylaceae Corylus avellana L. var. avellana F nd k Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Betulaceae Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner subsp. K z la aç __ x x LC barbata (C.A.Meyer) Yalt r k Juglandaceae Juglans regia L. Ceviz __ x x LC Salicaceae Populus tremula L. Titrek kavak Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Urticaceae Urtica dioica L. Is rgan Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Yüce Hydro Power Plant Family Taxa Turkish NamePhytogeographical Habitat Relative Abundance End. Status Danger Region Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 L B Y MONOCOTYLEDONAE Liliaceae Allium schoenoprasum L. So an __ x x LC Gagea glacialis C.Koch Alt n y ld z Ir.-Tur. ele. x x LC Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker Misk __ x x LC Ornithogalum oligophyllum Clarke Tükürük otu __ x x LC Scilla bifolia L. Mavi y ld z __ x x LC Iridaceae Crocus vallicola Herbert Çi dem Öksin ele. x x LC Juncaceae Juncus effusus L. Has r otu __ x x LC Luzula turcica Chrtek et Krisa Kuzu gevre i Öksin ele. x x LC Cyperaceae Carex atrata L. subsp. aterrima Ek i çimen Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC (Hoppe)Celak. Carex atrata L. subsp. atrata Ek i çimen Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Poaceae Agrostis stolonifera L. Ayr kçimi Avr.-Sib. ele. x x LC Alopecurus glacialis C.Koch. Sin. Tilki kuyru u Avr.-Sib. ele x x LC Bromus japonicus Thunb. subsp. Brom __ x x LC Japonicus Calamagrostis pseudphragmites (Haller __ Avr.-Sib. ele. x LC fil.) Koeler Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. Glomerata Domuz ayr __ x x LC Elymus panormitanus (Parl.) Tzvelev Elym __ x x LC Festuca amethysina L. subsp. orientalis Fetük Öksin ele x x LC Krajina var. turcica Markgr.-Dannenb. LC Milium schmidtianum C.Koch __ Öksin ele. x x LC Phleum alpinum L. __ Avr.-Sib. ele x x LC Poa annua L. Orman salk m __ x x LC otu Poa bulbosa L. Orman salk m __ x x LC otu Poa longifolia Trin. Orman salk m Öksin ele. x x LC otu Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Photograph 7: A Photograph taken during the floristic studies FAUNA As known, the Tetrapod Fauna of the Vertebrates are categorized under 4 major groups systematically called the Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia. Under the environmental impact research works in the project site and its immediate vicinity, the animal types found in the project site and its immediate vicinity for various reasons have been determined first. Then the systematic categories containing those species have been determined and the scientific data about these species have been collected through observations and office studies conducted. The results obtained from the evaluation of the data collected are given in the tables prepared for each group. A. AMPHIBIA We have made observations and conducted studies in 2008 in order to determine the amphibia species in the Project area. In addition to the outdoor observations, the inhabitants of the area have also been interviewed and surveys have been made and the literature checks have been completed. As a result of all those efforts, an inventory table has been prepared showing the amphibia species found in the project site, their degree of abundance in the region and their national and international danger/protection status Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File The threat levels faced by the amphibia species living in the area have been examined and evaluated according to the European Red List issued by IUCN (International Nature Protection Association) and shown in the said tables with icons. Furthermore, the amphibia species found in the areas observed have been evaluated according to the additional lists to the BERN Agreement (Appendix-II and Appendix- III) prepared for he fauna. As a result of the said observations, survey activities and literature checks, the existence of 8 amphibia species have been ascertained in the region. 2 of those are included in the BERN Agreement List, Appendix-II and 6 in the BERN List, Appendix- III. Nonetheless, they are not endangered species in Turkey according to Demirsoy. As a result of the assessment made according to the ERL (European Red List), it has been ascertained that none of the amphibia species found are included in those lists. Table18: Amphibian species in the project site and its immediate vicinity Latin Name, Genus, Turkish Name Habitat RDL Status MAK BERN ERL Group, Family, Species Appendices (IUCN) URODELA Kuyruklu Kurba alar SALAMANDRIDAE Semenderler Triturus vittatus vittatus eritli semender Sparsely vegetated nt - App-III - L rocky areas Triturus vittatus Bantl tarakl Sparsely vegetated nt - App-III - L ophryticus semender rocky areas Triturus karelini Pürtüklü semender Sparsely vegetated nt - App-III - L rocky areas ANURA Kuyruksuz kurba alar PELOBATIDAE Pelodytes caucasicus Kafkas kurba as Open lands R/K - App-II - L Boulenger BUFONIDAE Bufo viridis Gece kurba as Gardens and open nt - App-II - L areas Bufo bufo Si illi kurba a Gardens and open App-III L areas RANIDAE Rana ridibunda Ova kurba as Ponds, lakes and nt - App-III - L slow flowing waters with rich vegetation Rana camerani eritli kurba a Gardens and open nt - App-III - L areas The abbreviations used in the table and their explanations: The data concerning the status of the species in Turkey and the Turkish names have been obtained from “General and Turkish Zoo-geography” by Prof. Dr. Ali DEM RSOY, 1996, and “Herpeto-fauna of Turkey” by Prof. Dr. brahim BARAN, 1998. Accordingly; (R) : Rare (Acc. To Baran) nt : Widespread and not endangered App-II : Vigilantly protected fauna species App-III : Protected fauna species Source : L : Literature, G : Observation, A : Survey (statements of the people in the area) Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File REPTILIA (Reptiles) We have made observations and conducted studies in 2008 in order to determine the reptilian species in the Project area. In addition to the outdoor observations, the inhabitants of the area have also been interviewed and surveys have been made and the literature checks have been completed. As a result of all those efforts, an inventory table has been prepared showing the reptilian species found in the project site, their degree of abundance in the region and their national and international danger/protection status. The threat levels faced by the reptilian species living in the area have been examined and evaluated according to the European Red List issued by IUCN (International Nature Protection Association) and shown in the said tables with icons. Furthermore, the reptilian species found in the areas observed have been evaluated according to the additional lists to the BERN Agreement (Appendix-II and Appendix- III) prepared for he fauna. As a result of the said observations, survey activities and literature checks, the existence of 15 reptilian species have been ascertained in the region. 9 of those are included in the BERN Agreement List, Appendix-II and the remaining 6 in the BERN List, Appendix-III. As a result of the assessments made according to the 2008-2009 lists issued by the Central Hunting Committee (AVL), all of those species are included in App. List-I (Wildlife Protected by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry). Table 19: Reptilian species in the project site and its immediate vicinity Latin Name, Genus, Turkish Name Habitat RDL Status MAK BERN ERL Group, Family, Appendices (IUCN) Species EMYD DAE Emys orbicularis Benekli kaplumba a Slow and flowing waters LR/nt Ek-Liste-I Ek-II - L TESTUDINIDAE Kaplumba alar Testudo graeca Tosba a Sandy, dry rocky areas, nt Ek-Liste-I Ek-II Vu G gardens and fields. SCINCIDAE Ablepharus kitaibelli nce kertenkele Sparsely vegetated forests nt Ek-Liste-I Ek-II - L and shryb beds ANGUIDAE Y lan ms - kertenkeleler Anguis fragilis Y lan kertenkele Forests, Under the shrubs nt Ek-Liste-I Ek-III - G, L and meadows Ophisaurus apodus Oluklu kertenkele Under the shrubs nt Ek-Liste-I Ek-II - L LACERTIDAE Kertenkeleler Lacerta agilis Çevik kertenkelesi - R Ek-Liste-I Ek-II - L grusinica Lacerta saxicola Kaya kertenkelesi Sparsely vegetated open nt Ek-Liste-I Ek-III - L parvula lands Lacerta trilineata ri ye il kertenkele Sparsely vegetated open nt Ek-Liste-I Ek-III - L Bedriaga lands TYPHLOP DAE Typhlops Kör y lan Sparsely vegetated open nt Ek-Liste-I Ek-III - A vermicularis lands COLUBRIDAE Elaphe Sar y lan Ovalarda ta l k dere nt Ek-Liste-I Ek-II - L quatuerlinesia kenarlar , yamaç ve tarlalar Malpolon Çukurba l y lan Sparsely vegetated dry and nt Ek-Liste-I Ek-III - L monspessulans rocky areas insignita Elaphe situla Ev y lan Gardens and fields nt Ek-Liste-I Ek-II - L,A Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Natrix natrix persa Yar sucul y lan Rocky areas and shrubs nt Ek-Liste-I Ek-III - L,A close to the water Natrix tessellata Su y lan Rocky areas and shrubs nt Ek-Liste-I Ek-II - L tessellata close to the water V PER DAE Vipera ammodytes Boynuzlu engerek Sandy areas, forest nt Ek-Liste-I Ek-II - L,A openings The abbreviations used in the table and their explanations R) : Rare (Acc. To Baran) nt : Widespread and not endangered App-II : Vigilantly protected fauna species App-III : Protected fauna species Source : L : Literature, G : Observation, A : Survey (statements of the people in the area) Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File AVES (BIRDS) We have made observations and conducted studies in 2008 in order to determine the bird species in the Project area. In addition to the outdoor observations, the inhabitants of the area have also been interviewed and surveys have been made and the literature checks have been completed. As a result of all those efforts, an inventory table has been prepared showing the bird species found in the project site, their degree of abundance in the region and their national and international danger/protection status. The threat levels faced by the bird species living in the area have been examined and evaluated according to the European Red List issued by IUCN (International Nature Protection Association) and shown in the said tables with icons. Furthermore, the species found in the areas observed have been evaluated according to the additional lists to the BERN Agreement (Appendix-II and Appendix- III) prepared for he fauna. 69 bird species have been recorded in the project site and its vicinity. Out of 69 species found in the project site and its vicinity, 43 are included in the BERN Agreement List, Appendix-II and the remaining 17 in the BERN List, Appendix-III. As a result of the assessments made according to the 2008-2009 lists issued by the Central Hunting Commission (AVL), 56 of those species are included in App. List-I (Wildlife Protected by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry), 4 in the App- List II: The game animals taken under protection by the Central Hunting Commission and 7 in the App-List III: The game animals allowed to be hunted for certain periods by the Central Hunting Commission. In addition to the foregoing, the “Bird Species List in Red Data Book” by Kirizo lu has also been taken as basis. The table has been prepared according to the international systematic rules and the status of the species in the systematic and protection status have been expressed with certain symbols. The symbols and their meanings are given below the table. Table 20: Bird species in the project site and its immediate vicinity Latin Name, Genus, Turkish Name Habitat RDL Status MAK BERN ERL Source Group, Family, Species Appendices (IUCN) CICONIDAE Ciconia ciconia AkleylApp Watery areas A3 Y,G,T App-List-I App-II - L Ciconia nigra KaraleylApp Humidityli meadows A2 G,T App-List-I App-II - L CINCLIDAE Cinclus cinclus Su karatavu u Watery areas A3 Y App-List-I - - L PODICIPEDIDAE Podiceps cristatus Bahri Watery areas A4 Y, KZ App-List-I APP III - L COLUMBIDAE Columba livia Kaya güvercini Agricultural areas, - Y App-List-III APP III - G settlements, Rocky places. Streptopelia decaocto Kumru Human settlements - Y App-List-I APP III - G S.senegalensis Küçük kumru Settlements A.2 Y - APP III - G S.turtur Üveyik Woods, woody areas, - - App-List-III APP III - L, H open fields UPUPIDAE Upupa epops bibik Steppes, Shrubs ve A4 G App-List-I APP III - L gardens PICIDAE Picus viridis Ye il a açkakan Forests, Shrubs A3 Y App-List-I APP II - L CORVIDAE Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Corvus monedula Cüce karga Sparse forests, gardens - Y App-List-III - - L, H Corvus corax Karakarga Slightly open fileds, - Y App-List-III - - G, L mountains Corvus frugilegus Ekin kargas Small woods, tree rows - Y, KZ App-List-III - - G, L Corvus corone cornix Le kargas Open places close to the - Y App-List-III - - G aggricultural lands Pica pica Saksa an Open lands with very - Y App-List-III - - G sparse trees and Shrubs Garrulus glandarius Kestane kargas Forest areas - - - - - G STURNIDAE Sturnus vulgaris S rc k All types of wodds, parks - Y App-List-II APP III - G and gardens FRINGILLIDAE Carduelis spinus Sakaku u Pine forests - Y App-List-I APP II - A, L Carduelis carduelis Saka Ornamental and fruit A.4 Y App-List-I APP II - G, A plants Carduelis chloris florya,yelve ku u Gardens, parks, Forest A.4 Y App-List-I APP II - A, L sides Serinus serinus Kanarya Forests, shrubs and - Y App-List-I APP II - G gardens Fringilla coeleps spinoz Forests, shrubs and - Y App-List-I App III - G gardens Fringilla montifringilla Da ispinozu Forests, shrubs and - KZ App-List-I APP III - L gardens GRUIDAE Grus grus Turna _ A1.2 G,Y,T App-List-I APP II - A,L HIRUNDINIDAE Hirundo rupestris Kaya k rlang c Mountains, rocky hills and - G App-List-I APP II - G steppes Hirundo rustica s k rlang c Shrubs and gardens - G App-List-I APP II - L MEROPIDAE Merops apiaster Ar ku u _ A4 G App-List-I APP II - L MOTACILLIDAE Anthus campestris K r incirku u _ A3 G App-List-I App II - L Anthus trivialis A aç incirku u Steppes T,G App-List-I APP II - L Motacilla alba Akkuyruk sallayan Watery areas, Mountains, A4 Y App-List-I APP II - G rocky hills Motacilla cinerea Da kuyruk Watery areas, Mountains, A4 Y App-List-I APP II - L sallayan rocky hills Motacilla flava Sar Steppes - G App-List-I APP II - G kuyruksallayan MUSCICAPIDAE Acrocephalus palustris Batakl k ard ç - - G App-List-I APP II - G ku u Cettia cetti Setti bülbülü A4 Y App-List-I APP II - L Erirhacus rubecula Nar bülbülü Y App-List-I APP II - L Ficedula parva Cüce Shrubs and gardens - T App-List-I APP II - L sinAppkapan Ficedula albicollis Bantl sinekkapan Shrubs and gardens - G;T App-List-I APP II - L Hippolais pallida Gri mukallit - G App-List-I APP II - L TURDIDAE Irania gutturalis Akgerdan Shrubs and gardens - Y App-List-I APP II - L Oenanthe hispanica Karakulak - G,T App-List-I APP II - L kuyrukkakan Oenanthe oenanthe Kuyrukkakan Steppes, Shrubs and A3 G App-List-I APP II - G gardens Phoenicurus phoenicurus Bahçe Shrubs and gardens - App- APP II - G k z lkuyru u List-I Saxicola torquata Ta ku u Shrubs and gardens - Y App-List-I APP II - G Saxicola rubetra Çay r ta ku u Steppes - Y App-List-I APP II - L Sylvia communis Shrubs ötle eni - G App-List-I APP II - L Turdus merula Karatavuk Shrubs and gardens - Y App-List-I APP II - Turdus pilaris Ard ç - KZ App-List-I APP II - A Turdus viscivorus Ökseotu ard c Shrubs and gardens - Y App-List-I APP II - G PARIDAE Parus ater Çam ba tankaras Pine Forests - Y App-List-I APP II - L, A Parus major Ba tankara Pine Forests - Y App-List-I APP II L, G Parus palustris Batakl k - Y App-List-I APP II - G ba tankaras PHASINAIDAE Alectoris chukar K nal kApplik Mountains, rocky hills, A2 Y App-List-I APP III - A steppe, Forests Coturnix coturnix B ld rc n Shrubs and gardens, A4 G,Y App-List-I APP III - A steppes Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Perdix perdix Çil kApplik Mountains, rocky hills, A3 Y App-List-I APP III - A steppes, Shrubs and gardens CHARADRIIDAE Charadrius dubius Kolyeli küçük Open places near water A2 G App-List-I APP II - A, L ya mur ku u LARIDAE Larus argentatus Gümü i Seagull Sea, Watery areas Y - App-List-I - L,G Larus melanocephalus Karakafa Seagull Sea, Watery areas A4 Y App-List-I APP III - L CUCULIDAE Cuculus canorus Gugukku u Forests, open lands with - G App-List-I APP III - L tress and fences EMBERIZIDAE Emberiza bruniceps Kahveba l kiraz Shrubs and gardens - G App-List-II APPIII - L ku u Emberiza buchanani Ta kiraz ku u Shrubs and gardens - G App-List-II APP III - L Emberiza careasdra Tarla kiraz ku u Shrubs and gardens - Y App-List-II APP III - G Emberiza cia Kaya kirazku u Shrubs and gardens, - Y,G App-List-I APP II - L Mountains, rocky hills Emberiza cirlus Çit kiraz ku u Shrubs and gardens - KZ,T App-List-I APP II - G FALCONIDAE Falco columbarius Güvercin do an Shrubs and gardens, B2 KZ,T App-List-I APP II - L Mountains, rocky hills, Forests, steppes Falco eleonorae Karado an Watery areas, Mountains, A1.2 G,T App-List-I APP II - L rocky hills, Forests Falco naumanni K z l kerkenez Shrubs and gardens, A3 G App-List-I APP II - G steppes Falco peregrinus Gezginci do an Shrubs and gardens, A2 Y,KZ App-List-I APP II - L Mountains, rocky hills, Forests, steppes Falco tinnunculus Kerkenez Shrubs and gardens, A4 Y App-List-I APP II - G steppes PASSERIDAE Passer domesticus Ev seçesi Human settlements - Y App-List-I - - G The abbreviations used in the table and their explanations The Danger Categories of the bird species evaluated in the project side and its vicinity are given according to the “Birds of Turkey Red Data List” Prof. Dr. lhami K Z RO LU, 1993. Furthermore, the Appendix Lists to the BERN Agreement and the relevant lists under Mak have also been given. RDL : Red Data List A.1 : Extinct of the species under the threat of extinction A.1.1 : Extinct species A.1.2 : The species with a member count between 1-25 in entire Turkey A.2 : The species with a member count between 26-50 pairs and much reduced in some regions A.3 : The species with member counts up to 50o pairs but rarely seen in some regions A.4 : The species with high member counts but reduced in some regions Y : The domestic bird species, which brood in Turkey regularly G : The species, which migrate after brooding in Turkey K : The species, which do not brood in Turkey and use our country while migrating KZ : The winter visitor species which spend the winter months in Turkey ERL : European Red List MAK : Resolution of the Central Hunting Commission, 2008-2009 Period App-List I : Wildlife taken under protection by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry App-List II : The game animals taken under protection by the Central Hunting Commission App-List III : The game animals allowed to be hunted for certain periods by the Central Hunting Commission BERN APP II : Strictly protected fauna species BERN APP III : Protected fauna species Source : L : L : Literature, G : Observation, A : Survey (statements of the people in the area) Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File MAMMALIA ( MAMMALS ) We have made observations and conducted studies in 2008 in order to determine the bird species in the Project area. In addition to the outdoor observations, the inhabitants of the area have also been interviewed and surveys have been made and the literature checks have been completed. As a result of all those efforts, an inventory table has been prepared showing the BIRD species found in the project site, their degree of abundance in the region and their national and international danger/protection status. The threat levels faced by the BIRD species living in the area have been examined and evaluated according to the European Red List issued by IUCN (International Nature Protection Association) and shown in the said tables with icons. Furthermore, the species found in the areas observed have been evaluated according to the additional lists to the BERN Agreement (Appendix-II and Appendix-III) prepared for he fauna. Out of 20 mammalian species found in the project site and its vicinity, 3 are included in the BERN Agreement List, Appendix-II and the remaining 12 mammalian species are included in the BERN List, Appendix-III. As a result of the assessments made according to the 2008-2009 lists issued by the Central Hunting Commission (AVL), 8 of those species are included in App. List-I (Wildlife Protected by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry), 2 in the App- List II: The game animals taken under protection by the Central Hunting Commission and 4 in the App-List III: The game animals allowed to be hunted for certain periods by the Central Hunting Commission. Table 21: Mammalian species in the project site and its immediate vicinity Latin Name, Genus, Turkish Name Habitat ERL Status MAK BERN Source Group, Family, Species (IUCN) ERINACE DAE Erinaceus concolor Kirpi Underbrush, shrubs Nt App-List-I APP III - G SOR C DAE Sorex raddei Satunin Sivriburunlu fare Open areas Nt - APP III - L,A Sorex caucasicus Satunin Kafkas sivrifaresi Humid forest sides Nt - APP III - L Neomys anomalus Batakl k sivrifaresi Meadows near water Nt - APP III - L M CROCH ROPTERA Rhinolophus hipposiderus Küçük nal burunlu Woody areas Vu App-List-I APP II - L yarasa VESPERT L ON DAE Myotis myotis Dev yarasa Open areas and settlements, Vu App-List-I APP II - L,A Caves and eaves Myotis blythi Fare kulakl küçük Large caves, ruins Vu App-List-I APP II - L yarasa Pipistrellus nathusii Pürtüklüderili Forests, open areas Vu App-List-I APP III - G yarasa LEPORIDAE Lepus europaeus Yabani tav an Grass lands, forests Nt App-List-III APP III - SPALACIDAE Spalax leucodon Kör fare Farming areas, stepped Nt - - - L,A GLIRIDAE Glis glis Yediuyur Tree barks in the forests and R App-List-I APP III - L dry lands Dryomys nitedula A aç yediuyuru Shrubs Nt App-List-I APP III - L Muscardinus avellanarius Trabzon f nd kfaresi Forest sides, shrubs and R(I) App-List-I APP III - L trapezius Miller underbrush MURIDAE Mus musculus Ev faresi Settlements Nt - - - A, L Rattus rattus S çan Near settlements Nt - - - A, L CANIDAE Vulpes vulpes Tilki Everywhere Vu App-List-III - - A, L Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File MUSTELIDAE Meles meles Porsuk Woods, rocky areas, meadows R App-List-II APP III - A, L Mustela nivalis Gelincik Forest sides, shrubs and Nt App-List-II APP III - A, L underbrush Marches Marches A aç sansar Woods Nt App-List-III APP III - G;A SUIDAE Sus scrofa Yaban domuzu Nt App-List-III - - L,A The abbreviations used in the table and their explanations The data concerning the status of the species in Turkey and the Turkish names have been obtained from the “General and Turkish Zoo-geography” by Prof. Dr. Ali DEM RSOY, 1996. ERL : European Red List Vu : Vulnerable MAK : Resolution of the Central Hunting Commission, 2008-2009 Period App-List I : Wildlife taken under protection by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry App-List II : The game animals taken under protection by the Central Hunting Commission App-List III : The game animals allowed to be hunted for certain periods by the Central Hunting Commission BERN APP II : Strictly protected fauna species BERN APP III : Protected fauna species Source : L : L : Literature, G : Observation, A : Survey (statements of the people in the area) REPORT ON THE AQUATIC LIFE IN THE YÜCE HES AND REGULATOR I-II (AKSU CREEK) PROJECT SITES 1. INTRODUCTION During this study, sampling has been carried out on the aquatic life (fresh water algae, zoo-planktonic organisms, benthic organisms and fish) in the Regulator and Power plant areas planned to be constructed on the Yüce and Güdül Creeks, tributaries of the Aksu Creek (Pls. see Photograph-7). Samples have been taken from 3 separate points in the project area in connection with the above. The distribution of the aquatic life according to the stations has been given, the species under protection have been determined and recommendations have been made about the measures to be taken against the impact of the activities planned on those species. 2. MATERIAL AND METHOD The Regulators planned to be constructed under the project have been evaluated in terms of the areas covered and the ecological habitats contained and three separate stations have been selected. Station 1: Has been selected as the location of the Power plant (HES). The water is clear and clean, where the bottom of the sampling area is covered by large and small stones. Station 2: Has been selected as the location of the first Regulator. The bottom is covered by large and small stones and gravel, the water flow is fast and the water is clear and clean. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Station 3: Has been selected as the location of the second Regulator. The bottom of the sampling area is covered by large and small stones and the water flow is clean and rapid. In order to determine the Phyto-planktonic and zoo-planktonic organisms, a 1.5 m-long plankton ladle with 55 m porosity and 60 cm in diameter has been used. The plankton ladle has been left for 3-4 minutes horizontally to the flow direction of the water and the samples have been placed in 250 cc plastic jars. Moreover, since the fresh water algae have occupied very different habitats in the aquatic environment, samples have also been taken from the plant, stone and sediment surfaces by scraping. The plankton samples have been buffered and fixed in a 4% formaldehyde solution. Other than the diatoma, temporary samples of the fresh water algae taken to the laboratory have been prepared and examined under a Nikon-brand microscope. The following literature have been used for identifying the algae: (Krammer and Lange-Bertalot, 1986; 1988; 1991a; 1991b; Bold and Wynne, 1985; Czernecki and Blen, 1982; Foged, 1981, 1982; Germain 1981; Hustedt, 1930; Patrick and Reimer, 1966; Sreenivasa and Duthie, 1973; Van Heurck, 1962; Cox, 1996; Huber Pestalozzi, 1938; 1941; 1955; 1961; 1968; 1982; Prescott, 1975, Komarek, 1983). Two separate preparations as temporary and permanent have been prepared for identifying the Zoo-planktonic organisms. The temporary preparations have been examined by either covering the samples on the plate with a glass or directly. A number 0.00 insect needle has been used for arranging the permanent samples. A Euromex Arnhem brand binocular microscope has been used for the permanent preparations. The organism taken has been placed in exactly the center of the plate and the four corners of the plate have been closed by dabbing with plastilin in order to prevent the organism from being distorted. After evaporating the water in the glycerin completely, the sides of the plate have been sealed with entellane and has been labeled. The sources Hutchinson (1967); Pejler (1962); Kuttikova (1970); Kolisko (1974); Koste (1978a; 1978b); Ridder (1981) have been used for identifying the rotifera species. The Kiefer (1978)’in reference has been used for the Cladocera and Copepoda. Furthermore, the spreading areas of the species found have been checked according to Illies (1978) The invertebrate samples have been taken from the stations in the aquatic system in the action area and its surroundings by dragging the stream’s bottom with a bottom-ladle for five minutes. The samples taken have been preserved in 80% alcohol and have been examined and identified with a binocular microscope in the lab thereafter. The following literature have been used for identification purposes; Sennika, 1943; Mann, 1962; Needham and Needham, 1962; Macan, 1982; Quigley, 1977; Pennak, 1978; Illies, 1978; Elliot and Mann, 1979; Biro, 1981; Edington, 1981; Bellman, 1988; Özesmi, 1988; Glöer, 1992; Ludwig, 1993. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Fish samples have been caught at the stations designated on the Yüce creek either by dragging by a net of using electro-shock wands. Fish Samples of various species have been obtained from the fishermen and used as well. The fish have been placed in 4% formaldehyde first than preserved in alcohol. After identifying, their distribution has been evaluated according to the stations. Photograph 8: Photographs taken during the aquatic studies. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File 3. FINDINGS 3.1. Fresh water algae The algae are the primary producing beings in the aquatic environment. Thanks to the pigments in their constitutions, they convert the carbon dioxide and water in to carbohydrates, thus increasing the nourishment and dissolved oxygen value of the water. As a result, the produce their own food and become the first link of the alimentary chain. Therefore, they are important for their contribution in the production and their relations with the higher echelon beings. The algae look quite different both in terms of their structures and external appearance. They are divided in to two major groups as eukaryotic (developed cell type) and prokaryotic (simple cell type) structurally. Accordingly, the blue-green algae are classified as prokaryotic cells based on their cell organization. The lack of distinct cell nucleus and the distribution of the pigments in a chromatophore structure distinguish them from the other algae with respect to the prokaryotic cell structure. Their external appearance may be in different forms from a single cell to a fibrous or the more complex species (Round, 1973). Table 22. Fresh water algae species by the stations Stat. 1 Stat. 2 Stat. 3 BACILLARIOPHYTA Pennales Achnanthaceae Achnanthes sp. * Cocconeis placentula * * Naviculaceae Amphora ovalis * Caloneis bacillum * Ceratoneis arcus * * Cymbella affinis * Cymbella cistula * * GomphoHumiditya gracile * GomphoHumiditya olivaceum * GomphoHumiditya parvalum * Navicula cuspidata * * Navicula pupula * Navicula radiosa * Navucila bacillum * Rhoicosphenia abbreviata * * Epithemiaceae Epithemia sorex * Bacillariaceae Hantzschia amphioxys * Nitzschia amphibia * Nitzschia constricta * Nitzschia sigmoidea * Surirellaceae Cymatopleura solea * Surirella brightwelli * * * Fragilariacea Diatoma vulgaris * Fragilaria contruens * Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Stat. 1 Stat. 2 Stat. 3 Fragilaria ulna * * Centrales Thalassiosiraceae Aulacoseira granulata * Cyclotella meneghiniana * DIVISIO: CHLOROPHYTA Classis: Chlorophyceae Ordo: Volvocales Chlamydomonas sp. * Ordo: Tetrasporales Gloeocystis sp. * Ordo; Ulothrichales Ulothrix sp. * * Ordo; Cladophorales Cladophora fracta * * Ordo: Chlorococcales Pediastrum boryanum * * Chlorella vulgaris * * Oocystic borgei * Tetraedron minimum Scenedesmus acuminatus * * S. quadricauda * Ordo: ZygHumidityatales Mougeotia sp. * Spirogyra dubia * * S. fluviatilis * S. weberi * * Ordo: Desmidiales Closterium aciculare * C. littorale * Cosmarium botrytis * C. granatum * * D V S O: CYANOPHYTA Classis: Myxophyceae Ordo: Chroococcales Chroococcus limneticus * * C. turgidus * Merismopedia elegans * M. glauca * Ordo: Hormogonales Spirulina major * * * Oscillatoria formosa O. rubescens * O. subbrevis * Anabaena affinis * * Calothrix epiphytica * DIVISIO: PYRROPHYTA Classis: Dinopyceae Ordo: Peridiniales Peridinium sp. * * * Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File A Total of 56 Taxa belonging to 4 separate algae divisions have been identified in the research area. In particular, the algae in the Bacillariophyta (diatoma) group have proved to be the richest genus in terms of variety. 27 taxa have been found for this group, 18 for the Chlorophyta, 10 for the Cyanophyta and 1 for the Pyyrophyta. The predominant group at all the sampling stations in the study area has been Bacillariophyta (Diatoma). This group is represented by the highest number of genus in the fresh waters of Turkey. The second predominant group in the study area in terms variety has been Chlorophyta followed by Cyanophyta. When we take a look at the living habitats of the species found in the aquatic system, especially the tied algae are represented with a very large percentage. The species that live in planktonic form in running environments display a much less variety and density due to the adverse effects of the flow. The Cymbella affinis, Cymbella cistula, Navicula radiosa Taxa were dominant in the Bacillariophyta Genus. The Spirogyra and Mougetio Taxa are the most prominent in the Chlorophyta species. The most predominant order of the Cyanophyta Genus is Hormogonales and the Oscillatoria tied species are dominant. Out of the Pyrrophyta division, the Peridinium sp was identified only. In general, all of the algae identified are cosmopolitan and there are no region- specific endemic, rare or endangered species. 3.2. Zoo-planktonic Organisms. The Cladocera and Copepoda, which form an important group of the Zooplanktonic organisms, are the groups populated by very small, usually microscopic animal forms. A large number of the species that belong to the Cladocera Group are spread in the fresh waters. The species that live in the fresh waters are generally planktonic and inhabit the limnetic regions of the lakes and the slower regions of the streams. Another group of the Zooplanktonic organisms is the Rotifera. The individual Rotifera are very small, usually microscopic animal forms. Most of those are spread in the fresh waters. A large number of the species are planktonic, which live in the limnetic regions and littoral regions of the lakes, while some are spread at the bottom sections. The Rotifera are important for being used in determining the quality of the fresh water systems and providing food for many vertebrate and in vertebrate beings. Table 23. List of the Zooplanktonic organisms by the Stations Stat. 1 Stat. 2 Stat. 3 Brachionus angularis Gosse * * Euchlanis dilatata * Keratella quadrata (O.F.Müller) * Lecane luna (O.F.Müller) * Polyarthra dolichoptera Idelson * * Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File The Zooplanktonic organisms change place with the movements of the water most of the time and live in the still water habitats. Their existence is very limited in the fast running sections of the streams. However, species have been observed in some groups living a psammophilic life (under the rocks)in the fast running waters. In particular, the species of the Rotifera stay under the rocks and eliminate the adverse effects of the speed of flow. The findings obtained about the Zooplanktonic organisms from the study area are supporting this evaluation. Due to the reasons indicated above, the variety of the species in the creek areas are not very rich. The species found are the cosmopolitan and common species. The study area offers suitable conditions for the Rotifera. While no samples were found from the Cladocera and Copepoda groups among the Zooplanktonic organisms at any of the sampling stations, 5 genus have been identified from the Rotifera species. The absence of the Cladocera and Copepoda in the flowing streams is normal, since their actual habitat is the still waters. 3.3. Benthic Organisms The studies on the benthic animals have been concentrated on the identification and distribution in connection with the environmental variables. Although such studies are necessary for the initial evaluation of the populations, the physiological experimental examination of the regulating environmental variables have not been used for the benthic populations as much as the studies on the planktonic populations. While the population, efficiency and feeding relations of the benthic fauna are understood very little in the seas, they are not somewhat netter for the rivers. There is a large variety of the benthic animals, which represent almost all the phylums from the produstoa to the large macro-invertebrates. When this fact is combined with the heterogeneous habitat, feeding, growing, reproduction, death and behavioral characteristics, examining those animals with a holistic and functional approach becomes extremely difficult. Table 24: The benthic invertebrate species in the study area STATIONS TAXA 1 2 3 Phylum: MOLLUSCA Genus: GASTROPODA Group: PROSOBRAHCHIATA Family: Valvatidae Valvata sp. * Phylum: PLATYHELM NTHES Genus: TURBELLARIA Group: TRICLAD DA Planaria sp. * * * Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File STATIONS TAXA 1 2 3 Phylum: ARTHROPODA Genus: CRUSTACEA Group: AMPHIPODA Family: Gammaridae Gammarus pulex * * Genus: INSECTA Group: EPHEMEROPTERA Family: Baetidae Baetis sp. * * Family: Heptageniidae Rhithrogena sp. * Iron sp. * Heptagenia sp. * * Family: Ephemerellidae Ephemerella sp. * * Family: Caenidae Caenis sp. * Group: PLECOPTERA Family: Humidityouridae Humidityoura sp. * Family: Perlidae Perla marginata * * Group: TRICHOPTERA Family: Rhyacophilidae Rhyacophila sp. * * Family: Hydropsychidae Hydropsyche sp. * Family: Leptoceridae Leptocerus sp. * Group: ODONATA Family: Aeshnidae Anax sp. * Aeshna sp. * * Family: Cordulegasteridae Cordulegaster sp. * Family: Calopterygidae Calopteryx splendens * * Group: DIPTERA Family: Limoniidae Dicranota bimaculata * * Family: Simuliidae Simulium sp. * * * According to the sampling made at three different stations in the study area, a total of 20 benthic invertebrate species falling under three major phylums have been identified. Out of those, 1 is associated with Gastropoda, 1 with Platyhelmintes and 17 with Artropoda. When we take a look at the distribution of the Taxa within the Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Artropoda, while 1 belongs to the Crustacea Genus, the rest belong to the Insecta. In the Insecta, the Ephemeroptera is represented by 6 taxa,, Odonata 4, Trichoptera 3, Diptera 2 and Plecoptera by 2 Taxa. In the aquatic eco-systems, the benthic organisms have an important number of indicator species. These beings are the indicator group for the communities polluted or put under stress by the anthropogenic effects as well. The sampling results have not yielded any genus that could be qualified as pollution indicator. Furthermore, the members of the Ephemeroptera, Planaria sp of the Trichoptera Platyhelmintes and the Simulium Taxa of the Diptera are also known as clean water indicators for the clean high mountain waters. Especially those taxa are predominant at all the stations, which are the biological indicators showing that the waters in the area are clean. 3.4. Pisces (Fish) The fish is an important biological component at the upper link of the food chain in the aquatic eco-systems. Ecologically, the fish, which feeds on the algae, plankton and benthic beings, is in the highest link of the chain in water. The higher links of the chain are occupied by the birds and finally by humans. They provide an important source of input in addition to their ecological importance. Table 25: Fish species in the study area Latin Name Endemic ERL BERN Source Observation Station Salmonidae Salmo labrax - LR - Observation 1, 2, 3 Oncorynchus mykiss - - - Observation 1, 2, 3 Cyprinidae Squalius cephalus - LR - Observation 1,2 Chondrostoma - - - Literature - colchium Alburnoides - LR App. III Literature - bipunctatus Barbus tauricus - - App. III Literature - Capoeta tinca - - - Observation 1, 2 Rutilis frisii - DD - Literature - Chalcalburnus - DD App. III Literature - chalcoides 9 fish species from 2 different families have been identified in the study area. The Cyprinidae Family is represented by most species (7). Barbus tauricus and Capoeta tinca attract attention as the most important species in this family. In addition it has been found out that the Chalcalburnus chalcoides and Squalius cephalus species are on the front plane in terms of population density. These Taxa are very common and abundant in the entire Anatolia. The Salmo trutta labrax (Da Alabal ) and Oncorynchus mykiss (Gökku a Alabal ) species of the Salmonidae family are among the most important species in Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File the study area. Out of those, while the Salmo labrax is a native type for the study area, Oncorynchus mykiss is a culture type, which is not native to the area. The individual fishes that have escaped from the fish farms at the lower basin of the creek have adapted to such environments. Among the fish species identified in the area, there are three fish species included in the Bern (App. III) list (Alburnoides bipunctatus, Barbus tauricus, Chalcalburnus chalcoides). Furthermore, according to the European Red List while two Taxa (Rutilis frisii, Chalcalburnus chalcoides) are in the Insufficient Data category, three Taxa (Salmo labrax, Leuciscus cephalus, Alburnoides bipunctatus) are in the Low-risk (LR) category. 4. GENERAL EVALUATION The land environment and river bed remaining in the regulator area shall become a lake eco-system. Other than that, such activities are not the among the activities that could result in pollution. However, although there might be some destructive effects during the construction stage, it shall be temporary and the system shall recover in a short time. In order not to create any adverse changes in the water quality, the lake surface should be scraped to prevent the organic materials such as trees etc. from decomposing in the water. The surroundings of the aquatic systems at the stations inside the study area are covered with dense woods. Scraping such areas is important for providing a long service life for the Regulator. The regulator construction shall result in the formation of a lenthic habitat (lake, pond etc.) in place of the lothic habitat (creek, springs, river) in the region. This situation means that the existing habitat of the algae would be reduced and a new habitat would be formed. The species living attached in the flowing water shall be seen in as free-living planktonic forms in the lake and ponds. The life forms living attached to the sediment, stones and plants in the lenthic environment shall continue their existence. But, with the stagnation of the water mass, the phyto-planktonic forms seen very little in the flowing water shall increase considerably. Because the particles suspended in still water will disappear, the light shall penetrate deeper as well. The life forms living attached to the sediment, stones and plants shall be able to extend their existence to the side of the lake and in the depths, where the light can reach. The increasing the phyto-planktonic organisms (free moving organisms) shall become the food source of the zooplanktonic organisms in the lake area. In the general sense, affecting the fresh water algae flora of the region adversely shall not be in question for the fresh water algae shall be able to continue with their present existence in the lake system as well. When we consider that the living environment of the zooplanktonic organisms is still waters, the still water mass that shall be created at the regulator site to be constructed shall lead to an important increase in such beings. The increase in the phyto-planktonic organisms in the regulator area once the mechanical effects of the water flow disappears shall give positive results for the zooplanktonic organisms and both the density and variety of species shall increase. The zooplanktonic organisms, which are rather low in variety and population density in the region, shall be represented with more species and population density after the regulator lake is formed. Once the newly planned activities are completed, the optimum conditions for the zooplanktonic organisms shall be provided. The variety of the zooplanktonic Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File species shall increase considerably in the total body of water to be formed in the regulator area. The benthic beings adapted to the flowing water shall disappear to a large extent in the areas covered by the still waters of the regulator lake. Moreover, changes could take place in the distribution of the dragging species. The construction of the regulator shall alter the composition of the benthic species in the collecting area qualitatively and quantitatively. With the reduction, or even stopping, of the low in the regulator area, the structure of the bottom shall also change. In place of the gravel and large stone composition of the bottom, wide muddy and wet areas shall be formed. Such areas could have suitable properties for some species that were not there before. The species adapted to the flowing water on the other hand shall be able to go on living in the flow areas before and after the regulator. A major part of the fish identified in the area are comprised of the species that are common in our country and can adapt to the lake ecosystems generally. As for the species that cannot adapt to the still water eco-system, they shall be able to go on living in the flow areas before and after the regulator lake. The species Salmo labrax, which is in the European Red List, has been encountered in the work area. This species prefers the cold and fast flowing waters and migrates upriver and downriver for spawning. The fish passages must absolutely be considered while preparing the project for the regulators. As physical barriers, they prevent the passage of the fish species that migrate between the upper and lower areas of the creek. Those are the migrations of the anadrom fish such as trout and catadrom fish such as eels. While the mature fish moves upriver for laying their eggs, the younger fish moves down river to search for more food. This situation reverses later on. While many fresh water fish move upriver for laying their eggs, the larvae of the fresh water mollusks adhere on those fish and are carried upriver as well. The mature aquatic insects such as Odonata, Efemeroptera and Trichoptera move to the upper parts of the river and lay their eggs there in order to prevent the larvae from being dragged down. But the dams and regulator bodies can affect such migrations to varying degrees. The migrating fish need different environmental conditions for the main phases of their life cycles. Many anadrom fish populations such as trout are reduced considerably as their migration is prevented by the dam constructions. The salmonidae, which display an anadrom behavior, move very long distances in order to enter fresh waters from the sea. Since they reach the spawning regions by moving against the current, their body fat depletes very rapidly. Heavy protein loss in the muscle structure and complete destruction of the fatty tissues may take place for maturing the gonads. The important factors that affect the growth of a fish are the water temperature, body length, access to the nutrients and the flow speed of the rivers. Although the growth rate increases with the increase in the water temperature at certain periods, which provides the optimum conditions, the growth rate decreases under different conditions. Lelek (1980) has carried out a study on the trout species (Salmo trutta labrax) in F rt na Creek, Karadere creek and yidere creek in November with an electro- shock device and determined that the one tear-old male individuals were 8.92 cm Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File and the female individuals were 9.17 cm long, while the two year-old males were between 13.9-15.3 cm and the females between 13.5-17.0 cm. Tabak et al. (2001) have reported that according to the findings obtained by the months for each gender group about the Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax) based on the creek’s eco-type, the gonads of the male and female members start developing probably as of August and reach the peak value in November. As of the end of December, a sharp drop is observed in the GSI (Gonodosomatic Index) value. According to the GSI data, the reproduction of the river eco-type trout takes place in the period between September and December mostly. According to the observations made, it has been found that there were no fish nests in the narrow river beds with fast-flowing waters and the nests were made in the wider areas of the stream, where the flow is slower, the water is clear and there are large gravel and rocks at the bottom. At times the eggs are laid in shallow nests opened by using the large rocks as shield and cleaning the sand and algae (Tabak et al., 2001). Suitable areas have been observed for the trout to lay eggs in the project area. In the region with a generally fast flowing water system, suitable spawning areas are available for the trout at the areas where the creek bed widens and the flow of water slows down. The spawning fish generally lay their eggs in the large gravel and rocky places without sand, with clean water and adequate flow rate that are not affected by draught, turbidity, freezing and flooding etc. factors (Ölmez et al., 1998). During the incubation period of the eggs, the increase in the sedimentation bears a vital importance. Therefore, the probability of the losses is lower in the nests opened in the upper regions of the streams (Elliot, 1994). The gravel size at the spawning grounds shows a certain mixture. In the naturally made nests, the studies conducted in those areas have shown that the bedding is made of mostly 2-5 cm (60%) gravel in the rocky places and the eggs are laid in 17-30 cm depths depending on the size of the fish (Bagliniere and Maisse, 1999). According to Tabak et al. (2001), the food categories of the Black Sea trout is generally comprised of 6 taxonomic species as the Aquatic Insecta leading with %87.6 and Mollusca %1.8, Crustacea %0.88, Annelida %0.94, Araneidae %0.10 Fish %0.41 as well as animal detritus (%1.4), plant detritus (%0.3) and insect egg-larva shells (%6.5). The most predominant species among all those foods categories is the aquatic insects. During the samplings made on the benthic organisms in the project area, some species, which conform to the stomach analysis results of Tabak et al. (2001) exactly, have been found. Out of the 20 taxa of the benthic organisms identified in the Aksu River, 17 were insect larvae. The different egg, pupa, larva, nymph and adult etc. life phases of those insects, some of which take place in the aquatic environment, are taken by the fish as food. Such adverse aspects of the Regulators, which are seen as obstructions against the migration of the fish, are eliminated partially using the fish passages. The fish passages are arranged according to the location and characteristics of the regulators constructed. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Designing the most versatile fish passage in form of a stair-type fish passage is important considering the wall height of the regulator planned to be constructed. The fish stairs are the most commonly used among the fish passage structures. This system is a series of neighboring pools. In this system, the water flows from one pool to the other from a 10-40 cm height and the ideal height is 20 cm. This system can be employed for low-walled dams and regulators and is quite efficient for such strutures. The dam’s wall height is not preferred to be more than 30 m for this type of fish passage. The dam walls, where such a system is utilized, are lower than that. However, it has been implemented in the dams above 46 m in Sweden. Nonetheless, they are used in the 5 m-high dams in Australia as well. The fall height between the pools is 10-15 cm. Many of the fish stairs are constructed for the trout due to its economical importance. The fish passage is unavoidable for these regulators too in order to perpetuate the living conditions of the migrating fish known to exist in the work area under those circumstances. The fish passage shall be a structure to be used by the fish while migrating upriver and downriver. It is thought that after the formation of the still water, the regulators in the area would affect the fish populations positively due to the qualitative and quantitative increase of the phyto-planktonic and zooplanktonic species, which provide food for the fish. Furthermore, as the regulator basin to be made shall enable the aquatic birds to feed, shelter and find a home, the biological variety shall also increase. Another factor that shall help the biological variety in the area to increase is that, after the formation of the still water basin, the still lake water and flowing system shall remain together. The compositions of the species accommodated by the two systems are different and arrival of the new species to the region shall be possible. The plant communities that shall remain under the water have to be cleaned before they are submerged. Otherwise, they would start decomposing in s short time and cause the accumulation of excessive nutrients. This situation accelerates the eutrofication process seen in the natural lakes. The increased nutrients might lead to an explosive increase in the phyto-planktonic organisms from time to time, which means that this situation would spoil the ecological balance of the system completely. Such developments affect the longevity of the dam structures and recreational uses adversely. According to the observational findings obtained from all the study areas in the project site, no dense sedimentation was encountered. Sedimentation is an inevitable result in every region in the world. Therefore, some habitat losses is an expected situation is the project area. However, such loss of habitat shall not endanger the existing fish populations. The accumulated materials shall be carried to the lower sections by means of the gravel passages ,n the regulator body. 3. ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROJECT AND LOCATION (THE REASONS FOR SELECTING THE TECHNOLOGY AND LOCATION OF THE PROJECT) Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File Since building a storage facility would not be appropriate due to the topographic, geological and economical reasons in the area, the Yüce HES project has been proposed with regulators. No alternative studies have been conducted regarding the issue. CONCLUSIONS Menerji Elektrik Üretim Da t m Pazarlama Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. ti. has planned to construct the Yüce Hydro Power Plant (HES) on the Yüce and Güdül Creeks, tributaries of the Aksu River, within the boundaries of the Dereli District of Giresun City The construction period for the Regulator-1 planned to be constructed on the Yüce Creek at elevation 870 m, Regulator-1 planned to be constructed on the Güdül Creek at elevation 868,40 m and the construction of the HES facilities is planned as 2 years. With the commissioning of the system at the end of this period, a total of 31,91 GWh of power shall be generated by the two-unit Hydro Power Plant with a total installed turbine power of 10,134 MW at the present flow rates. The facilities to be constructed under the project; • Regulator-I • Regulator-II • Conduction Tunnel • Conduction Canal • Loading Chamber • Penstock • Power plant building with 2 units Approximately 75 persons are planned to be employed during the construction phase of the Project and 15 personnel for the operating phase. A construction site shall be erected out of containers to accommodate the employees. The location of the construction site is indicated on the map provided (Pls. See Annex-1). Dormitories, kitchen, mess-hall, administrative units, infirmary, showers and toilettes shall be provided in the site. The facilities listed shall be removed after completing the construction works Environmental effects; Since the Yüce HES shall be constructed for producing energy and a sufficient amount of water shall be released to the creek’s bed during the operating stage, no adverse effects shall be created for the environment. Some temporary adverse effects on the environment may take place during the construction phase only. Such effects shall be eliminated or minimized by the measures that shall be taken under the light of the relevant legislations mentioned in the report. Therefore, it is considered that positive effects should be obtained with the energy yield of the project. The rubble from excavations during the construction phase of the project shall not be poured in to the stream beds (in order not to constrict the stream bed or disrupt the stream flow regime etc.). In the event the excavation area + vegetation- Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File bearing soil storage area are planned to be by the stream beds, the permission/approval of the Chief Civilian Authority in the region shall be obtained inline with the opinion of the relevant institutions, in particular the Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry and DS (State Hydraulic Works) General Directorate before starting the operations. At each stage of the Project’s construction, the Control of the Excavation Dirt, Construction and Wreckage Debris Regulation shall be abided with. The impact of the project on the economical structure shall be two-fold. The first impact is regional. Employment opportunities shall be provided for the people in the area during the construction phase of the facility. This opportunity shall increase the income of the people in the area and prevent migration, albeit temporarily. The positive impact on the economical structure shall reflect on the social lives as well The hydro power plants are the cleanest systems that can be employed for power production. No emissions that could pollute the air, water and soil shall be released during the operating phase. Explosives shall be used for the conduction tunnel only under the project. A small amount of dust and noise shall be generated momentarily due to the explosions at the tunnel mouths. The dust to be created by the blasts inside the tunnel shall settle down and shall not spread around. Moreover, a ventilation system shall be provided during the construction of the tunnel. Since the conduction tunnel has a small diameter, small scale explosions shall be used. Therefore, the tremors shall be at a very low level. Furthermore, since the tunnel shall be opened below the surface, no effects shall be felt on the surface Because small-diameter holes shall be used for the blasts in general and the charges shall be kept small, large delay intervals have been used. The purpose here is to allow an adequate amount of time for each line and blasting each line during the intervals thus obtained. By keeping the delay times long, the ground tremors caused by the explosion are also reduced. A resting and promenade area shall be provided for the population of the area with the project. The second impact is national. The facility is important for the economy of Turkey as well in terms of meeting the energy need shortage and connecting the surplus production to the national system. 9 Waste water; A leak-proof cesspool shall be made by the HES building for the waste water generated by the employees to be employed during the Yüce HES project construction. As the sealed cesspool becomes full, it shall be emptied by the sewage trucks from the Giresun municipality against a fee. A protocol shall be signed with the municipality regarding this issue 15 people shall be employed during the operating phase. A leak-proof cesspool shall be made by the HES building for the waste water generated by the employees. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File As the sealed cesspool becomes full during the operating phase, it shall be emptied by the sewage trucks from the Giresun municipality against a fee. 9 Solid wastes; The household solid wastes generated during both the construction and operating stages shall be collected in the covered garbage containers provided in the site in bags and disposed of by dropping in to the garbage containers in the vicinity serviced by the municipality. They shall be placed in the garbage containers serviced by the municipality. The recyclable wastes generated during the construction and operating stages shall be sorted and sent to the licensed collection facilities. A portion of the excavation debris generated after the construction shall be reused for the road improvement works in the construction site. The unused portions shall be dumped in to the excavation area + vegetation-bearing soil storage area; 9 Waste oils; The oil change and maintenance of the vehicles and machinery to be used during the construction stage shall be made in the construction site. The waste oils generated during the maintenance works in the construction site shall be collected in separate containers and shall be delivered to the licensed recycling or disposal facilities as per the Control of Waste Oils Regulation. The waste frying oil generated by the kitchen in the construction site shall also be collected in separate containers and delivered to the licensed recycling facilities as per the Control of Waste Vegetable Oils Regulation. The hazardous wastes such as the cotton waste wads and gloves contaminated with oil/fuel shall be delivered to the licensed disposal facilities as per the Control of the Hazardous Wastes Regulation. 9 Dust emission; Some dust shall be emitted during the excavation and blasting operations at the tunnel entry and exit during the construction works under the project. The following measures shall be taken in order to minimize the dust to be emitted: • Loading and unloading shall be carried out without hurling, • The work area shall me wetted during the hot and dry weather, • The trucks shall be covered with tarpaulin while transporting outside the construction area. 9 Noise; Any noise to be generated by the project shall arise out of the work machines to be employed during the construction stage, blasting, crushing-sieving plant and the concrete plant. The limit values prescribed by the Environmental Noise Assessment and Management Regulations shall be abided with. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File The noise shall arise out of the work machines to be employed during the construction stage and blasting activities. The Acoustical Report is given attached to the report (Pls. See Annex-12). The amount of the first watering to be released to the to the creek’s bed continuously to sustain the natural life; 116 l/sec of water (10% of the average flow) shall be released to the creek bed between the Regulator 1 and HES continuously. 30 l/sec of water (10% of the average flow) shall be released to the creek bed between the Regulator 2 and HES continuously 9 Fish passage; For perpetuating the living conditions of the migrating fish known to exist in the work area under the present conditions, providing fish passages is unavoidable for these regulators as well. The fish gate shall be a structure to be used by the fish packed in a limited space while migrating upwards and downwards; The following legislations enacted based on the Environmental Law no. 2872 shall be complied with during the construction and operating phases of the Project: • Control of the Solid wastes and any legislation to be enacted in connection with such wastes • Regulation Concerning the Buildings to be Constructed in the Disaster Areas and any legislation to be enacted in connection with such wastes • Control of the Excavation Debris and Demolishing Wastes Regulation and any legislation to be enacted in connection with such wastes • Control of the Waste Cells and Batteries Regulation and any legislation to be enacted in connection with such wastes, • Control of the Water Pollution Regulation and any legislation to be enacted in connection with such wastes, • Control of the Hazardous Wastes Regulation and any legislation to be enacted in connection with such wastes, • Control of the Waste Vegetable Oils Regulation and any legislation to be enacted in connection with such wastes, • Control of the Soil Pollution Regulation and any legislation to be enacted in connection with such wastes, • Control of the Air Pollution Caused by the Industrial Facilities Regulation and any legislation to be enacted in connection with such wastes Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File • Control of the Expired Tires Regulation and any legislation to be enacted in connection with such wastes • Control of the Waste Packaging Regulation and any legislation to be enacted in connection with such wastes, • Assessment and Management of the Environmental Noise Regulation and any legislation to be enacted in connection with such wastes • Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation and any legislation to be enacted in connection with such wastes, • Control of the Waste Oils Regulation and any legislation to be enacted in connection with such wastes • Environmental Inspection Regulation and any legislation to be enacted in connection with such wastes As well as the relevant provisions of the “Law Concerning the Amendments in the Environmental Law” published in the Official Journal dated 13.05.2006 and no. 261678 and came in force. Menerji Elk. Ürt. Da . Paz. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. ti. Yüce Hydro Power Plant Project Information File
Группа Всемирного банка · Environmental Assessment
Turkey - Private Sector Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 26 of 80) : Yuce hydroelectric power plant project information file (PIF)
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