Cameroon - Cocoa Project

DOCUMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT Not For Public Use Report No. P-1485a-CM REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED LOAN TO THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON FOR A COCOA PROJECT August 21, 1974 This report was prepared for official use, only by the Bank Group. It may not be published, quoted or. cited without Bank Group authorization. The Bank Group does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the report.  CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS currency Unit CFA Franc (CFAF) US$ 1 CFAF 250 CFAF 1,000 = US$ 4 CFAF 1,000,000 = US$ 4000 FISCLL YEAR July 1 to June 30 g Floating exchange rate.  INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED LOAN TO THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON FOR A COCOA PROJECT 1. I submit the following report and recommendation on a proposed loan to the United Republic of Cameroon for the equivalent of US$6.5 million to help finance a cocoa project. The loan would have a term of 20 years, including six years of grace, with interest at 8 percent per annum. The Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique (France) would make a loan for the same project equiv- alent to US$5.5 million for 20 years, including five years of grace, with in- terest at 3.5 percent per annum. Fonds d'Aide et de Coope'ration (France) would provide US$1 million towards project costs as a grant. PART I - THE ECONOMY 2. The report "The Recent Economic Development of Cameroon" (No. 72-247) was distributed to the Executive Directors on November 27, 1972. An updating mission visited the country in May/June 1973. A basic economic mission is planned for FY 1975 to coincide with the preparation of Cameroon's Fourth Development Plan (FY 77-81). Economic Potential 3. Cameroon's natural resources are varied, although not abundant. Soils and climatic conditions permit cultivation of a wide range of crops and provide substantial agricultural potential. These crops include oil palm and rubber in the south, cocoa and coffee in the central region, and rice, ground- nuts, cotton, sorghum and millet in the north. The forest areas of the south- east contain large untapped timber resources, and in the north there is good potential for livestock. 4. While the main opportunities for development lie in the expansion of agricultural production, Cameroon also has an industrial potential. It comprises not only the production of import substitutes needed for a growing domestic market, but also processing of local raw materials, particularly agricultural and forestry products, for export. 5. A prerequisite to promoting agricultural, forestry and industrial development is an adequate transport system. Cameroon is a large country with its three main economic centers (West, South, and North) separated by vast underpopulated areas. In addition, the country serves as one of the main export routes for landlocked Chad and CAR. Hence, commerce, transport  - 2 - and transit services are important activities, and considerable investments in a port, road, and railroad infrastructure are needed to develop Cameroon's economy and to strengthen its role as a regional trade center. Past Performance 6. During the first decade of independence (1960-70) the Government made serious efforts to lay the groundwork for accelerated economic devel- opment and to step up the mobilization of financial resources for this pur- pose. In spite of internal political difficulties during the early 1960's and of administrative constraints arising from Cameroon's top-heavy federal structure, these efforts have been quite successful. During the 1960's real CDP grew at an average rate of over six percent a year and owing to prudent financial policies the Government was able to finance a rising proportion of public investment from domestic savings. 7. The sectoral distribution of public investment corresponded to the country's development requirements. By far the largest part of public investment was devoted to lifting the most immediate development constraint, namely the shortcomings of the transport network. Conscious of the lack of trained manpower at all levels, the Government also emphasized the expansion and improvement of education. Numerous new schools were opened, school enrollment soared and a beginning was made with the reform of education. In agriculture, the Government promoted crop diversification through projects for rubber, oil palm, cotton and rice and made a beginning with the rehabilitation of existing coffee and cocoa plantings. Cash crop production rose steadily throughiout the 1960's due to good prices and favorable weather conditions. In industry, the Government's efforts were limited to providing financial support for key projects and maintaining a liberal investment climate that led to an increase in private foreign investment and quick expansion of manufacturing capacity, particularly in the field of import substitution. 8. In the early 1970's economic growth slowed down to less than 4 percent annually in real terms because of declining world prices for cocoa and coffee and a decline in foreign private investment. Nevertheless, Gov- ernment managed to increase budgetary savings through improved tax collec- tion, better expenditure control, and a modest rise in tax rates. Public investment rose, however, even faster, partly to compensate for the decline in private investment and activity. The result was a drawdown of treasury reserves and an increase in external debt. With an estimated debt service ratio in 1973 of 6 percent, Cameroon was not faced with a significant debt problem. The increase in cocoa, coffee and timber prices in 1973 and early 1974 led to some improvement in the balance of payments, and a modest recov- ery in foreign exchange reserves. At the same time, the drought in the north annihilated much of the cotton crop and affected yields of food and cash crops. Moreover, with rapidly rising prices of vital imports a deter- ioration in Cameroon's terms of trade is expected for the next few years. This will lead to increasing external financing requirements and a higher debt service ratio (see paragraph 13) while keeping future growth of the economy well below the rate achieved in the 1960's.  - 3- Prospects and Development Strategy 9. Further economic growth will also depend on the extent to which the Government will come to grips with several structural problems that have come to the fore in recent years and of which the Government and foreign de- velopment partners are increasingly aware: (i) agriculture, which will re- main the mainstay of the economy, suffers from the lack of financial and technical assistance for small farmers who produce more than 95 percent of thie country's agricultural products; (ii) migration from the countryside to the cities continues at a rapid rate, creating serious problems of empi'oyment, housing, infrastructure, and social services. The Government intends to devote increased attention to migration and urban problems and has asked the Bank for advice. In the industrial sector, a revision of policies is necessary to re- store foreign investors' confidence which in recent years had suffered from the effects of slow and cumbersome administrative procedures; (iii) in spite of massive investments in recent years, the basic transport infrastructure is still insufficient to meet the country's requirements. The Douala port and the Douala-Yaounde section of the railroad require improvements and the road system needs to be adapted to traffic growth and the development of new agri- cultural and forestry areas. 10. To resolve these problems, action on two fronts is essential. First, the Government will have to strengthen its capability to prepare and implement projects, especially in agriculture, transport and industry. Second, a major effort will be needed to mobilize more doniestic and external resources for Cameroon's sizeable public investment program. 11. Progress is being made on the first objective. In 1972 President .hidjo's policy of national integration culminated in a successful referendum which abolished the former federated states and replaced the cumbersome fed- eral structure by a strong central government. Within the newly established federal ministries special planning units for project and policy formulation are being created. 12. Thus, the Ministry of Transport is strengthening its planning cap- ability with technical assistance financed by UNDP and the Bank Group (Loan 935-CM/Credit 429-21 for the Second Hlligiway Project). In agriculture the new Ministry of Agriculture, a national fund for rural development (Fonds National pour le Developpement Rural - FONADER) and special crop development corporations (such as the project agency set up to implemrent the proposed cocoa project) are designed to give new impetus to rural development. Nevertheless, further substantial efforts are necessary in this respect. 13. As far as the financing of public investments is concerned, public savings are likely to cover in the future a smaller part than in the past, even assuming continued good fiscal performance. With budgetary revenues already reaching 20 percent of GDP, future Government revenues cannot be expected to increase much faster than tile economy as a whole, while current  expenditures will have to be stepped up in line with recent substantial pub- lic investments in transport infrastructure, education and health. Further- more, public debt service charges will rapidly increase. As a consequence, in the next five years public savings after debt service will probably not exceed 30 percent of public investments, as compared with about 40 percent, after debt service, over the past few years. Hence, Cameroon will have to rely on external financing for the bulk of its public investments. Bilateral and other sources outside the Bank Group are expected to contribute about 70 percent of the country's external requirements. Increasing reliance on foreign borrowing during a period of relatively slow economic growth and an expected worsening of Cameroon's terms of trade will require very careful foreign debt management. Even assuming that 50 percent of foreign public capital inflow be at very concessionary terms, the foreign debt service ratio would increase to about 12 percent by 1980 compared with 6 percent in 1973. 14. Cameroon's ability to make effective use of external resources and the Government's dedication to development are reasons for increased external support. With rising debt service absorbing an increasing share of gross public savings, Cameroon can make only a modest contribution to the financing of future public investment. To avoid further rapid buildup of debt service, lenders, including the Bank Group, should provide a large part of their as- sistance on concessionary terms. They should also be prepared to finance a high proportion of project costs including, as in the present project, a part of local costs. PART II - BANK GROUP OPERATIONS IN CAMEROON 15. Annex II contains a summary statement of Bank loans and IDA credits as of June 30, 1974 and includes notes on the execution of ongoing projects. The Bank Group's commitments in Cameroon now amount to US$157 million and cover twelve projects: four in agriculture, five in transportation, two in education and one in public utilities. With recent loans and credits for highway and railway projects, transportation remains the sector receiving the largest share (57 percent) of our past commitments followed by agriculture (27 percent). Although delays, setbacks and cost overruns have been occasion- ally encountered in the execution of the projects, the Government has always been willing to collaborate with the Bank in determining and applying satis- factory solutions. 16. For the future, the Bank Group's strategy is to support the Govern- ment in its efforts to equip the country with infrastructure, to accelerate rural development and to increase the efficiency of Cameroon's institutions. 17. Recognizing the crucial importance of transportation to economic growth in Cameroon and in neighboring countries, the Government has devoted the largest portion of public investments to this sector. The Bank Group, together with bilateral institutions, has substantially helDed the Govern- ment develop adequate transport facilities. The Second Highway Project of  1973 will help complete the establishment of the basic trunk road system. The recently approved Second Railway Project will take care of urgent track and capacity improvements on the Douala-Yaounde line. Given sharp traffic increases and the backlog of required investments, massive injections of capital will still be necessary in the years ahead, particularly for the expansion of the port of Douala and further improvement of the transport corridor which links it with the capital, Yaounde. Future road investments would mainly be for road maintenance and feeder roads to provide links to local markets and facilitate exploitation of Cameroon's forests, a major area for future development. 18. In agriculture we have been able to help the Government to divers- ify production by financing oil palm and rubber plantations in the east and west and rice irrigation in the north. The recently approved livestock proj- ect provides for cattle ranches in the northwest, center and east, a tsetse fly extermination campaign, animal slaughtering and meat retailing facilities, and credit to private livestock holders. The proposed cocoa rehabilitation and planting project is desigRed to modernize cocoa growing by smallholders and raise rural productivity in an area south and west of the capital. An integrated rural development project in a populated but poor region in the north is under consideration for FY 76. Thus, Bank Group lending to agriculture supports the Government's efforts to modernize the sector and to correct economic imbalances through the development of a hitherto lagging sector. Outside agriculture and transportation, we are actively considering a first small-scale industries project and a third education project with special emphasis on rural education and training. 19. In all our projects we will, as in the past, include training, tech- nical assistance and other provisions necessary for strengthening institutions and improving sector policies. Besides, through our economic work, we will continue to advise the authorities, at their request, on development questions in general, and subjects such as economic management, problems of urban migra- tion, and manpower development in particular. 20. Our lending to Cameroon has been closely coordinated with other donors; in seven out of twelve projects, financing arrangements have been either joint or parallel. French assistance agencies, which made a parallel loan for the recent Second Railway Project, would join us in financing the proposed cocoa project. PART III - AGRICULTURE IN CAMEROON 21. Close to 80% of the population still depends on agriculture which accounts for about 32 percent of GDP and for 70 percent of the value of exports, comprised principally of cocoa, coffee and cotton. The traditional sector ac- counts for over 90 percent of agricultural productJ--n, with large state owned  - 6 - plantationis, imainly of oil-palmi1 and rubber, accounting for the balance. Some 950,000 smallholders cultivate plots averaging about 2 ha. Labor is generally supplied by the family. 22. Cameroon is largely self-sufficient in food products; the exceptions are rice and wheat, which are being imported in increasing amounts, and lesser imports of sugar and meat also take place. Although food crop production is keeping slightly ahead of population growth, major urban centers are experien- cing increasing supply problems. Food crop marketing is not regulated, and is largely in the hands of private traders, most of whom operate over small areas and withi a snall turnover. 23. For the main export crops, production increased by about 5 percent annually during the late 1960s, but growth hias slowed down in recent years. Marketing is highly organized, and Government intervenes by fixing guar- anteed producer prices and licensing private exporters. This intervention is implemented through Stabilization Funds (cocoa, robusta coffee, arabica coffee, cotton, and groundnuts) in the Eastern part, and a Mlarketing Board in the Western part; these agencies are now being merged. 24. Agricultural credit consists mainly of marketing loans for the main export crops, and is provided by the Bianque Camerounaise de Developpement and comnercial banks. Production credit to inicividual farmers is small in amount, and linmited to participants in specific progranis and projects. Agricultural credit for production purposes is provided by the recently created FONADER. 25. Agricultural development has so far been hampered by the fragmen- tation and weakniess of the Government services responsible for project pre- paration and implemlentation. The creation in 1972 of central Mfinistries of Agriculture and Livestock, replacing the previously separate state administra- tions, has improved the situation, but these Ministries are not yet adequately staffed. Furthermore, there is a need to coordinate research and training, now the responsibility of several Ministries. The Government is, however, making efforts to centralize and coordinate rural development activities. PART IV - TIlE PROJECT Background and Purpose 26. Cameroon is the world's -ifth largest producer of cocoa. The area planted is estimated at 3o0,000 ha; annual production over the last three years has averaged 110,000 tons of dried beans or about 7 percent of world production and lhas accounted for 30 percenit of the value of Cameroon's exports. Cocoa provides a livelitood for about 1 million rural inhabitants. It is mostly cultivated by family labor on small farmls of about 2 to 3 ha. Average yields are low. One reason is a general low level of mLaintenance. The prin- cipal reason for low yields however is black pod, a fungus disease, which  destroys the cocoa pods. It is estimated that about 50 percent of the annual crop is lost to black pod. The proposed project is designed to assist the Government primarily in its efforts to increase production within Cameroon's quota under the international cocoa agreement through black pod control and improvement of input supply, credit, infrastructure, extension services, and marketing. 27. The proposed project would be financed jointly with the French agen- cies Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique (CCCE) and Fonds d'Aide et de Cooperation (FAC), and Cameroonian Government. The feasibility study for the proposed project was prepared by Societe d'Etudes pour le Developpement Economique et Social (SEDES) in 1972-73 and the project was appraised by a Bank mission in October/November 1973. The appraisal report, Appraisal of a Cocoa Project No. 462-CM dated August 1, 1974 is being circulated separately to the Executive Directors. A Loan and Project Summary is in Annex III of this report. Negotiations for a loan were held in Washington in June 1974 with a Cameroonian delegation headed by Mr. Tchoungui, Cameroon's Ambassador to the United States, and comprising Directors-General of SODECAO and FONADER. Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique and Fonds d'Aide et de Cooperation were also represented at negotiations. Project Description 28. The project would aim at raising farmers' incomes, the country's foreign exchange earnings and Government revenues by increasing the produc- tion of cocoa. It would be carried out over a six-year development period and would involve: (a) rehabilitating some 35,000 ha of existing cocoa and planting up to 15,000 ha of new land with high-yielding hybrid cocoa; (b) strengthening the extension services, to help farmers control disease and improve their cultivation practices and to supply them with the necessary inputs and credit facilities; (c) providing training for some 230 extension workers and 2,000 new cocoa farmers; (d) improving 950 km of rural roads; (e) adaptive research on cocoa and food crop cultivation; (f) equipping and staffing the new agency, SODECAO, to carry out the project and take over responsibility for the development of cocoa production in the area;  - 8- (g) employing consultants to: (i) advise on the organization of the new agency; (ii) evaluate the progress and impact of the project; (iii) prepare a follow-up project; and (h) encouraging the formation of farmers' groups that would increase the role of farmers in marketing and credit. Project Execution 29. The ZAPI, a development agency, which is presently responsible for agricultural development over most of the project area, has been criticized for its lack of attention to production; and its marketing policies have proved unpopular with farmers. To stimulate participation in the project, therefore, a new authority, Societe de Developpement du Cacao (SODECAO), has been established that would absorb, gradually and selectively, ZAPI's func- tions and staff. 30. SODECAO would be generally responsible for the execution of the project. It would make arrangements with other agencies for the execution of certain project components such as farm input supply (with FONADER), road improvement, and research. SODECAO's senior management would consist of a General Director, a Deputy General Director in charge of technical affairs, a Deputy Technical Director, a Marketing and Credit Director, a Senior Inspector and a Chief Accountant. Covernment has already appointed a Cameroonian General Director and a Deputy General Director whose qualifica- tions and experience are satisfactory to the Bank. The posts of Senior Inspector and Chief Accountant would be filled through international recruit- ment and after Bank approval of the qualifications and experience of the candidates (Section 3.01 of the Project Agreement). From the beginning, local staff would be trained to take over the functions of some expatriates after periods ranging from three to six years. 31. SODECAO would engage consultants to: (a) advise on its organiza- tion and the takeover of activities from ZAPI, (b) assess the progress and impact of project, and (c) carry out a feasibility study for a follow-up project. 32. SODECAO would encourage the formation of farmers' groups which would gradually take over marketing functions, including storage, and enter into direct contracts with exporters. The earnings of such groups from marketing margins and quality and quantity bonuses would be distributed to farmer mem- bers after meeting their costs. Project Costs and Financing Arrangements 33. Project costs, including contingencies of US$7.0 million, are esti- mated at US$22.6 million net of taxes, with a foreign exchange component of US$9.5 million or 42 percent. Including taxes, tocal project costs would amount to US$23.8 million.  - 9 - 34. The Bank would make a loan of US$6.5 million to Government for a 20 year term including a grace period of six years. The balance of US$17.3 million would be covered by French bilateral sources (US$6.5 million), by farmer contributions (US$0.7 million), and by budgetary allocations (US$10.1 million). The proposed Bank loan and the French contribution would cover the fore'gn exchange cost of the project and a portion of local currency expenditures. The Bank loan would not become effective until Government fulfilled necessary conditions for disbursement of the French contribution (Section 6.01 of the Loan Agreement). The proceeds of the Bank loan and the French contribution would be passed on to SODECAO and FONADER together with the Government's contribution as grants in accordance with financing agree- ments whose execution and delivery are conditions of effectiveness (Section 6.01 of the Loan Agreement); the Bank has reviewed and approved drafts of these agreements. It is proposed that some US$150,000 of the proceeds of the loan be used for retroactive financing of the cost of expatriate salaries and other expenditures incurred prior to the signing of the Loan Agreement. 35. The project would provide fungicides and sprayers to individual farmers and building materials and equipment for collection centers to farmer groups. All items would be made available for cash or on credit; the credit price would be up to 20 percent above the cash price, to cover bad debts and interest and service charges. Procurement and Disbursement 36. Items financed by the Bank loan would be procured as follows: (i) One grader, thirteen passenger cars, and two-wheeled vehicles have already been ordered with Bank approval through negotiated purchases on the basis of quotations from local suppliers, in order to facilitate the start-up of the project. These amount to US$150,000 and would be financed retroactively; (ii) Office furniture and equipment, and small spare parts would be similarly procured; (iii) All other items, including equipment and vehicles costing US$1 million, and amounting in total to some US$3.5 million, would be procured in accordance with Bank guidelines on the basis of international competitive bidding. Manufactured goods originating in UDEAC countries would be allowed a preference equal to the lower of (a) 15 percent or (b) applicable duties; (iv) The services of expatriate personnel and consultants would be secured according to procedures acceptable to the Bank. 37. The French agencies would finance 100 percent of the cost of training, research and studies; 46 percent of the personnel and operation and maintenance costs of the road program; and 32 percent of the cost of pest control. The procurement of items for these activities would be subject to the procedures of these agencies. 38. Proceeds of the Bank loan would be disbursed to cover: (a) 58 percent of the cost of SODECAO's administrative staff (US$2.8 million);  - 10 - (b) 100 percent of foreign expenditures or 90 percent of local expenditures on vehicles and equipment for SODECAO's admin- istrative staff and for road construction equipment (US$0.9 million); and (c) 100 percent of foreign expenditures on sprayers and fungicides (US$0.8 million). The balance of US$2.0 million represents contingencies, which would be un- allocated. Markets and Prices 39. Growing conditions in West Africa have been generally poor in the last three years, and this has intensified the supply-depressing impact of limited investment and abandonment of low-yielding plantings following the low cocoa prices during the early 1960's. The average world cocoa price during 1973 was higher at US465/lb. The current Bank forecast is for a 1980 price of about USJ47/lb, in average 1973/1974 prices, and this has been used in the economic and financial analyses. Cameroon has been allocated a quota of 129,000 tons, well above the average production of 110,000 tons during the past three years. The International Cocoa Agreement is unlikely to exert any significant constraint on cocoa production and exports in the medium term. Cameroon's market prospects are firm at least through 1980, and no difficulties are anticipated in selling the project's output. Economic Justification 40. The economic rate of return is estimated at 26 percent using market prices. Cost increases of 10 and 25 percent, or benefit decreases of similar proportions, would lower the rate of return to about 23 percent and 19 percent respectively. Simultaneous cost increases and benefit reductions of 25 percent would bring the rate down to about 12 percent. Since total control of black pod is difficult to achieve, the effect of a serious shortfall from project targets for this component of the project has been calculated. This shows that if only about one third of the expected benefits from rehabilitation were obtained, the rate of return for the project would still be 10 percent. The risk of such a shortfall is considered to be small, particularly since the average increases on yields have been conservatively estimated. Further- more, the project has been charged with the entire cost of: (a) the rehabilitation of rural roads, while no account has been taken of the benefits accruing to nonproject activities, such as the marketing of food crops, general goods and nonproject cocoa; and (b) the research and studies, although benefits from these activ- ities have not been taken into account.  - 11 - Excluding the cost of these components, the economic rate of return would be 35 percent. Rates of return have been calculated for the rehabilitation and new plantings components separately, although allocation of project agency costs is necessarily arbitrary. The rates are 32 percent for rehabilitation and 20 percent for new plantings. 41. The improvement of agricultural institutions, training of local technicians in advanced cocoa technology and extension, and encouragement of farmers association would permit an expansion of the project concept through- out the cocoa growing area. Furthermore, the experience of cocoa replanting acquired through the present project's research component would allow this expansion to take place in more densely populated and poorer cocoa areas. The experience gained by the project in establishing SODECAO, training ex- tension workers and farmers, and encouraging cooperative action by farmers should provide a sound basis for future projects of a similar kind. PART V - LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AND AUTHORITY 42. The draft Loan Agreement between the United Republic of Cameroon and the Bank, the draft Project Agreement between the Bank and Societe de Developpe- ment du Cacao (SODECAO), the Report of the Committee provided for in Article III Section 4 (iii) of the Articles of Agreement and the text of a draft reso- lution approving the loan are being distributed separately to the Executive Directors. 43. Features of the Loan Agreement and the Project Agreement of parti- cular interest are referred to in paragraphs 34 and 30, respectively, of this report. 44. I am satisfied that the proposed loan would comply with the Articles of Agreement of the Bank. PART VI - RECOMMENDATION 45. I recommend that the Executive Directors approve the proposed loan. Robert S. McNamara President by William S. Gaud Attachments August 21, 1974   ANNEX I Page I o? 3 Pages COUNI8Y DATA - CANESODON AREA POPULATION ONSSiTY 88 /. Po, k.2of arable land SOCIAL INDICATORS Reference Countries Camecon India. PnilppnO Ivor an St 196019970i6 ONP PE.R CAPITA US_~~AI II 200 /b 110cl 2h0 /b 330 lb DElfOGRAPIUO, Vyrude DIUrth reat (par thou.snd) 4. 3 /cd 38 /b d 45a /c d 46 /c d Crude death rate (Per thousand) ..23 16 7;b 1.2 ___ 23Y- Infant mortality rate (Par thnasnd live birtha) . . 120-1140 80 1140 Life expectancy at birth (years) ..LIc 50 58 ii? 7;.d Oross r-production rate 2 .2.7/ 2.9 3.3 3.1/c~d Population growts rate ~ .2.1 7; 2.3 /a 3.0 /e 3 .1 Population groato rate urban 6. 6 4I7; 4a7T 9T2~ Age atructure (percet) 0-li, 36/ 41,/d 12 4,3 42 / 15-64, 587 1 56 7; 55 53 55 73 65 and .oer 6 3j 7d- 3 1, 37;T Devede-cy ratio & 1.1 ..1.2 L 1.3 Aq. 1.0 7 Urban population es percent at total 15 /01 20 20 lbA 32 /1 28 / Foxily Planning: flu of acceptors cunoltive (thous.) A. . 409 No. of usears (% of macried waunc) ... .8 ENPLOYKENT Total latr force (thousands) 1,600 Is . 221,000 lb r 13,200A/ 2,300 Percen.tage employed in agriculture 88 7; 7.. vi ' 56 7; 78 Peroentoge unepl.oyd .*. 7;E 9 INCOME DISTRIBUTION Perneot of oati ..aI in-omo rocived by highest 5% ...22IA 25 /b t 13 . Prcent of atna incomo recived by highest 20% 4.. 8 7;a 54 41~ I /0 v Percent of ontio'nal inco.. received by lowest 20% .. .. 4 22___ Percent ofnational iocome receivod by loweet LO0% ...19 7;s 12 bt 2 DISTRIBUTION OF LAND OVAIESHIP % Owend by top 10%-. 'of-ownrs. % owne-d by ema11oot 10% of owners HEALTH AND NUTRITION Population per phyaeioa . 25,9160 4.800 9,100 /w 12,110 POPulati-Pon pernoring Person 1,800 /n 2,170 5,210 5,390 7; 2,180 I- Population Pen hoepital ted 390 1L 80AI 1,620 ly.ana 850 7a- 680 7 Per caPita c-1orio upply as % of requirements L..93 I,k 87 /ab 87 /se 101 Iak Per capita proteio aupply, total (grons Per day) ~ . 59 7iN 49 7aT 53 7.- 59 Of which, animal and pulse..27 67 2la 187 Death rate 1-1 years! .7 23 ..16NU 2 73- B . EDUCATION AdJue-ted /D primary school enr-lloet ratio 66 106 /ao 79 Ac 112 /u 77 Adjusted ~ secondaary echool enrollmenet ratio 2 9- 28 7/ao 45 7;- 11 Years of scbooling Provided, firet end second leve 13/ad-14 Ia. 13/ad-l4 lee 12- 10o- 13 Vocetiosa1 enrolleent as % of seec. school enrollnent 23 - - 22 -6 /af 10 /0 al 7 Adut literacy rate % 36 7n- 72 j~ _ 20 /e..ai HOUSING0 Average No. of pereons per room (urban)... Percent nf occupied units withaut Piped water ... . 6 /u Access to electricity (as 9 of total population) ... ..23 Percent of fura1 pepultian connected to electricity ....6 /5 22MM i-r.per 1000 pepulation 3 37 /d.aa 21 45A/ 17 /d Peeseng.r corn per 1000 pepulation 3 6 1 8 11 7; Electric peer consuption (kwh Pc..) 198 as 200 III 229 120 Newsprint consmnptitn p.c. kg per year ..0.02 0.3 1.8 /a) 0.2 Rotes; Figures refer eithor to the loteet periods or to accoct of environmental temperature, body weigbte. anad the latent years. Latest Periods refer in principle to distribution by age eand sex of national populatione. the years 1956-60 or 1966-70; the latest ye"re in p-in- /6 Prtotin etandarde (requirements) fo- all coontrie.aso eetab- ciple tn 1960 and 1970. Iiehed by' USDA NEoomlo Reeearoh Servioe proeide for a amman /I. The Per Capita GNP cetimate ia at market pri... for allowance of 60 grame of itetl protein per day, eand 20 grama of y-a' other than 1960, calculated bY the m.n conversion animal and Pulae protei., of which 10 gram. should be animal technique a. the 1972 World Blak Atlas. protein. Thane standarde are somewhat lmwer than th.os of 75 /2 Average number of daughters per wome of reprocAuct.ive grans of total protein and 23 graes of animal protein as an age. average for the. world, Propoosed by PAO in, the Third World Food Population growth rutss nre for the decadesencding in Survey. 1960 and 1970. /7 Some studies have euggested that or.de death rates of children * Ratio of under 15 and 65 and o-r age braokets to ages 1 through 1 may be ueed as a firet appr-aistioo index of those in laotr force bracket of oges 15 through 61. muln.trition. Li PAO reference stdanrds represet physiological re- LB Percentage enrolled of norresponding population of school age qulrements for noroel activity and health, taking medefined for each coatry. /a Definition of arable unkhoown; i b 1971; /a 1965-70; /d Estimate; Ia 1960-7n; If 31959-70; IA Urban center.ovef 5000 poplation Fo Pr the'7efinition f~a seeUDmorahioe earbo-o 1972, P. 1514 /1 Pe tbe definition of ura m. Dawn a Yearbook 1 ,P. 156; LLOer4 /kiain 1964; /1 7T5-59 years; /m 60 years anda ova"Itj7 7 io of population under 15 and 59 and overqn total labor farce; R~ atio of population under 15 an 6!and ovrto hr force is age greup 15;-591 /I Ratie of populatien under 15 and 65 and over to total labor farce; /r AID estimate of labor force in age group 15-59; IDE report gives a figure of 180.4 million based on the 19p1 population aouasu. The difference is due to changes in the definition of a worker. 2n the 1971 census, persons were clasaified only an the basis of their main activities; this led to the excluadien of aeveral catageries, such as housewives; /s 1961-65; It Nausebolde; Ia 1967; Iv Wage earnere (Wadero Secondary Sector); /w Government enly; /x Includen midwives, aeaisitant nurses, and aseistant midwives; IZ including rural or local hoepitale and medical ceatera; /s 1968; /a 1969; /ab 1969-70; /ac Estimate which lneludes overage students; /ad Nest Ganeroon; /ae Weet Caneroon; /af 1965; /sg Population of 10 years and over based on one Percent samare data of 1971; /!F 15 yeara and over; -7ai DefiniEtin unknown; Z.,J Importe only; Ak 1964-66; /La Public education only; /m 19617 a he Ivory Coast has been selected &as an objective country for Conoroon eince natural resources, foreign trade, public finances, national accounts and statistical ayateme of the two countries "ar eaidlar; moreover, their deveapmeet. policies aro cowparable. R3 August 200 1974  BOONOISC DEVELOPD"NT DATA P~Po ae (Amountj19i- millions of U.S. dollars) Actulal Pr',o,!eci 196Is- 1968~ - 1 972- - i976 - 1B 1 972 190 196'~ Y5~I9w 1974 1976 1900 1968 197-2 1976 1980 __ NATIONAL ACCOVNTS 96 - - 1937- i9bu Prices & Exchange Rates Av'erage Annual Growth Rates As Percent of GUY Osesa tOtuestec Product -, ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~,103. 1 70op.6 1,2937J133.5~ ,.B 6. 3.6 4. 0 101.61 107.1 107.2~ Gains faam Terms of Trade -) . -13. -'. -04 -99 -0. . 7 Gr'oss tom-stic incom 4957 8m8t , 1 V=' 1 1C7t-2 s LiTER .. 5. i 32 TO 0 9 OT r Import (mci. EFS) 155.1 5~~~~~~~~36 .7- 1'4< 319 "4 Lco.s . 7.3 9.2 4.6 275 a 0 "59 Exourts (import capacity) -j~~~~~~- a3j n6 LL 22L-~ 3L 1 5. . 30 4.3 P. Resouxern Gap -".0 c.4 -'81 ' 1 '