China - Han River Urban Environment Improvement Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 1 of 2) : Consolidated environmental assessment report

Page 1 P EOPLE R EPUBLIC OF C HINA H UBEI P ROVINCE G OVERNMENT H AN R IVER U RBAN E NVIRONMENT I MPROVEMENT P ROJECT Consolidated Environmental Assessment Report August 2007 E1678 Page 2 d:\adobe\acrobat 4.0\pdf output\e16780ea0repla1ar10708071combine0v4.doc Han River Urban Environment Improvement Project Consolidated Environmental Assessment Report (updated version of August 08/07) HAN RIVER URBAN ENVIRONMENT IMPROVEMENT PROJECT Consolidated Environmental Assessment Report \0bXSGDWHG\03YHUVLRQ\03RI\03$XJXVW\03fldotaccent\12fl\1a\0c TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................1 1.1 G ENERAL BACKGROUND ..............................................................................................................1 1.1.1 Background to the River Basins........................................................................................1 1.1.2 Government strategy.........................................................................................................2 1.1.3 Projects Compliance with National and Municipal Strategies...........................................3 1.2 H AN R IVER U RBAN E NVIRONMENTAL I MPROVEMENT P ROJECT ......................................................4 1.3 P ROJECTS SUPPORTED BY THE W ORLD B ANK AND O THER R ESOURCES .........................................4 1.4 B ACKGROUND TO THE E NVIRONMENTAL A SSESSMENT ...................................................................5 1.4.1 Listing of documents provided for Environmental Assessment ........................................5 1.4.2 Classification of the Environmental Assessment ..............................................................7 1.4.3 Preparation of the Consolidated EA Report......................................................................7 1.4.4 Environmental Assessment Process.................................................................................8 1.4.5 Water Quality Modelling done for the Han River ..............................................................9 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK.............................................................9 2.1 E NVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND ROLES ..................................................................................9 2.2 A PPLICABLE LAWS AND REGULATIONS .........................................................................................10 2.2.1 Framework for EIA..........................................................................................................10 2.2.2 Environmental Quality Standards.................................................................................... 11 2.3 W ORLD B ANK S AFEGUARD P OLICIES .........................................................................................12 2.4 E NVIRONMENTAL P OLICY F RAMEWORK .......................................................................................13 2.4.1 Main environmental issues in Hubei...............................................................................13 2.4.2 Environmental Policies relevant to the Project ...............................................................14 2.4.3 Environmental quality objectives.....................................................................................14 3. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT COMPONENTS............................................................................15 3.1 G ENERAL ..................................................................................................................................15 3.1.1 Project development objective........................................................................................15 3.1.2 Project components ........................................................................................................15 3.2 S UBPROJECTS PRESENTATION ...................................................................................................20 3.2.1 Sub-project Objectives....................................................................................................20 3.2.2 Organization for sub-projects development and management.......................................22 3.2.3 Wastewater sector ..........................................................................................................23 3.2.4 Solid waste sector...........................................................................................................26 4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS .............................................................................29 4.1 P HYSICAL AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................29 4.1.1 General Settings .............................................................................................................29 4.1.2 Climate............................................................................................................................30 4.1.3 Topography, Soils and Land use.....................................................................................30 4.1.4 Hydrology........................................................................................................................32 4.1.5 Groundwater and Hydrogeology of Landfill Sites ...........................................................35 4.1.6 Water Pollution and Water Quality..................................................................................36 4.1.7 Wetlands .........................................................................................................................37 Page 3 d:\adobe\acrobat 4.0\pdf output\e16780ea0repla1ar10708071combine0v4.doc Han River Urban Environment Improvement Project Consolidated Environmental Assessment Report (updated version of August 08/07) 4.1.8 Aquatic Ecology & Fisheries...........................................................................................38 4.1.9 Terrestrial Vegetation & Wildlife, protected or restricted areas.......................................38 4.1.10 Seismic Risk....................................................................................................................38 4.2 S OCIO - ECONOMIC E NVIRONMENT ..............................................................................................39 4.2.1 Population .......................................................................................................................39 4.2.2 Main resources................................................................................................................41 4.2.3 Revenue..........................................................................................................................41 4.2.4 Cultural and archaeological resources............................................................................42 4.2.5 Water Supply...................................................................................................................42 4.2.6 Solid Waste Management...............................................................................................45 4.2.7 Air Quality and Noise ......................................................................................................45 4.2.8 Brief description of the project cities...............................................................................47 4.2.9 Main projects planned in the Eleventh Five year Plan....................................................50 4.3 E XISTING SANITARY SITUATION AND MAIN POLLUTION SOURCES ....................................................55 4.3.1 Major environmental issue of Han River Basin...............................................................55 4.3.2 Urban domestic wastewater............................................................................................56 4.3.3 Urban solid waste............................................................................................................56 4.3.4 Industrial Pollution...........................................................................................................57 4.3.5 Rural Non Point Source (NPS) Pollution ........................................................................58 4.4 P OLLUTION LOAD AND W ATER QUALITY IN THE H AN R IVER ...........................................................59 4.4.1 Pollution load...................................................................................................................59 4.4.2 Water quality ...................................................................................................................60 4.5 S UMMARY OF HRUEIP ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF SITES ...................................................62 5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATION......................................................63 5.1 I MPACT S CREENING ...................................................................................................................63 5.2 M AIN E XPECTED BENEFITS ........................................................................................................70 5.2.1 Public Health and Quality of life......................................................................................70 5.2.2 Water pollution abatement..............................................................................................71 5.3 S UMMARY OF RESSETLEMENT , ECOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ASSOCIATED WITH SUB - PROJECTS .........................................................................................................76 5.3.1 Impact on land occupation and land use ........................................................................76 5.3.2 Impact on historical and cultural heritage .......................................................................77 5.3.3 Impact on ecology...........................................................................................................78 5.3.4 Visual Impact...................................................................................................................79 5.4 I MPACT A NALYSIS AND M ITIGATION DURING C ONSTRUCTION ........................................................80 5.4.1 Nuisances from earthworks ............................................................................................80 5.4.2 Impacts of traffic and mitigation ......................................................................................81 5.4.3 Impact on air quality and mitigation ................................................................................82 5.4.4 Impact of noise and mitigation ........................................................................................84 5.4.5 Impact of waste and mitigation .......................................................................................85 5.4.6 Construction Safety.........................................................................................................86 5.5 I MPACT A NALYSIS AND M ITIGATION DURING O PERATION - W ASTEWATER COMPONENT ...................87 5.5.1 General ...........................................................................................................................87 5.5.2 Impact on aquatic environment.......................................................................................87 5.5.3 Impact related to sludge production................................................................................89 5.5.4 Impact on air quality........................................................................................................89 5.5.5 Impact on noise...............................................................................................................90 5.5.6 Impacts of industrial wastewater discharge ....................................................................91 5.5.7 Main mitigation measures...............................................................................................94 5.6 I MPACT A NALYSIS AND M ITIGATION DURING O PERATION - S OLID W ASTE COMPONENT ...................98 5.6.1 Nuisances to residents from waste collection and transport...........................................98 5.6.2 Nuisances to residents from landfill sites........................................................................99 5.6.3 Impacts associated to landfill operation........................................................................101 5.6.4 Closure of existing dumping site...................................................................................102 5.6.5 Soil Borrow for Landfilling .............................................................................................103 6. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................................103 Page 4 d:\adobe\acrobat 4.0\pdf output\e16780ea0repla1ar10708071combine0v4.doc Han River Urban Environment Improvement Project Consolidated Environmental Assessment Report (updated version of August 08/07) 6.1 P ROJECT SELECTION ...............................................................................................................103 6.2 A LTERNATIVES FOR THE W ASTEWATER COMPONENT .................................................................105 6.2.1 Comparison of alternatives for wastewater pipeline alignments...................................105 6.2.2 Comparison of alternatives WWTP and outfall locations..............................................107 6.2.3 Alternative Wastewater Treatment................................................................................108 6.3 A LTERNATIVES FOR SLUDGE DISPOSAL AND SITE LOCATION ........................................................110 6.3.1 Comparisons between sludge disposal techniques......................................................110 6.3.2 Comparison for sludge disposal process.......................................................................111 6.3.3 Alternative Sludge disposal...........................................................................................112 6.3.4 Sludge monitoring program...........................................................................................112 6.4 A LTERNATIVES FOR THE S OLID W ASTE COMPONENT .................................................................113 6.4.1 Comparison of methods for municipal solid waste disposal .........................................113 6.4.2 Comparison of landfill site selection..............................................................................115 6.5 A LTERNATIVE COMPARISON FOR LEACHATE TREATMENT PROCESS ..............................................123 6.6 W ITH AND WITHOUT HRUEIP P ROJECT ...................................................................................126 7. SLUDGE MANAGEMENT...........................................................................................................126 7.1 S LUDGE M ANAGEMENT AND D ISPOSAL P LAN ............................................................................126 7.1.1 Sludge Production.........................................................................................................126 7.1.2 Anticipated sludge quality .............................................................................................128 7.1.3 Sludge Treatment Process and Disposal Plan..............................................................128 7.2 E NVIRONMENTAL I MPACT AND M ITIGATION ................................................................................130 7.2.1 Pollution Factor Screening and Load Projection...........................................................130 7.2.2 Temporary Sludge Storage Sites Impacts and mitigation measures............................130 7.2.3 Sludge Transportation Impacts and mitigation measures.............................................130 7.2.4 Sludge Impact on sanitary landfill .................................................................................131 8. LEACHATE AND LANDFILL GAS MANAGEMENT ..................................................................131 8.1 L EACHATE M ANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................131 8.1.1 Leachate Amount..........................................................................................................131 8.1.2 Leachate Quality Prediction..........................................................................................131 8.1.3 Leachate Impacts and Mitigation ..................................................................................132 8.1.4 Leachate Management Plan.........................................................................................134 8.2 L ANDFILL G AS M ANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................138 8.2.1 Landfill Gas Quantity Projection....................................................................................138 8.2.2 Impact on Ambient Air Quality.......................................................................................139 8.2.3 Safety Impact and Mitigation.........................................................................................139 8.2.4 Landfill Gas Management Plan.....................................................................................140 9. RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP)....................................................................................140 9.1 O BJECTIVES OF THE RAP........................................................................................................140 9.2 A REA AND POPULATION AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT .................................................................140 9.3 S UMMARY OF THE ACTIONS ......................................................................................................141 10. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...........................................144 10.1 I MPLEMENTING A RRANGEMENT ................................................................................................144 10.1 A CTIVITIES AND R ESULTS ........................................................................................................144 10.2 I NFORMATION D ISCLOSURE ......................................................................................................149 11. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS (EMP).....................................150 11.1 E NVIRONMENTAL M ANAGEMENT O RGANISATION .......................................................................150 11.1.1 Environmental Management Institutional Structure......................................................150 11.1.2 Environmental Management and Supervision..............................................................152 11.2 E NVIRONMENTAL M ONITORING P LAN ........................................................................................153 11.2.1 Environmental monitoring for WWTP............................................................................154 11.2.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan for sanitary landfill.......................................................157 11.2.3 Environmental monitoring budget.................................................................................160 11.3 T RAINING P ROGRAM ...............................................................................................................161 Page 5 d:\adobe\acrobat 4.0\pdf output\e16780ea0repla1ar10708071combine0v4.doc Han River Urban Environment Improvement Project Consolidated Environmental Assessment Report (updated version of August 08/07) 11.3.1 Monitoring institutional strengthening ...........................................................................161 11.3.2 Staff training plan ..........................................................................................................162 11.4 E NVIRONMENTAL M ANAGEMENT OF E MERGENCY ......................................................................163 11.5 EMP I MPLEMENTATION B UDGET ..............................................................................................164 11.6 EMP I MPLEMENTATION R EPORTING A RRANGEMENT .................................................................164 11.6.1 Information Exchange...................................................................................................164 11.6.2 Recording......................................................................................................................164 11.6.3 Reporting.......................................................................................................................165 12. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................165 12.1 P ROJECT JUSTIFICATION ..........................................................................................................165 12.2 P OTENTIAL IMPACTS AND BENEFITS ..........................................................................................166 12.3 O PTIONS TO MITIGATE THE RISKS AND TO ENHANCE THE BENEFITS .............................................167 APPENDIX...........................................................................................................................................169 A PPENDIX I: I NDUSTRIAL P OLLUTION C ONTROL (IPC) IN THE P ROJECT R EGION .................................170 A PPENDIX II: P ROJECT M APS .......................................................................................................195 A PPENDIX III: EMP TABLES AND BUDGET .......................................................................................196 A PPENDIX IV : P UBLIC I NFORMATION D ISCLOSURE ...............................................................................227 Page 6 d:\adobe\acrobat 4.0\pdf output\e16780ea0repla1ar10708071combine0v4.doc Han River Urban Environment Improvement Project Consolidated Environmental Assessment Report (updated version of August 08/07) L L I I S S T T O O F F T T A A B B L L E E S S A A N N D D M M A A P P S S T ABLES Table 1-1 : A Summary of central and local governments environmental strategies and the assistance by World Bank