ÇAMLICA POWER GENERATION INC. E2065 v32 ÇAMLICA III DAM and HEPP PROJECT INFORMATION FILE Kayseri Province / Yahyal District / Zamant River SEL N CONSTRUCTION TOURISM CONSULTANCY INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE LTD. Project Owner Project Owner’s Name : Camlica Elektrik Uretim A.S. Address : Koza Sokak No: 22 Unit No:2 G.O.P/ANKARA Telephone : +90312 441 42 11 Fax Number : +90312 441 68 14 Name of the Project : Camlica III Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plant Project Information File Address of the Location : Kayseri Province, Yahyali District, On Zamanti selected for the Project River Description and Objective of the : Making use of the hydroelectric potential of our Project country, with the purpose of contributing the Turkish Economy and energy market, “Camlica III Dam and HEPP” Project investment has been planned. Camlica III Dam shall be constructed on Zamanti creek and through conveyance channel; it shall transfer the water it receives to forebay pool. Water accumulating in the forebay pool shall be transferred through penstock to Hydroelectric Power Plant (HEPP) for power generation purposes. The installed capacity of the power plant is 27.624 MW. 1 clay quarry shall be operated close the project site for natural building materials required for the construction. Crushing-sifting facility and concrete plant shall be installed in the construction site and the concrete need for the construction shall be met from these facilities. INSTITUTION PREPARING THE PROJECT INFORMATION FILE Name : Selin Insaat Turizm Musavirlik Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. Sti. Address : 4. Cad 26. Sok. No:8/10 Asagiovecler/ANKARA Telephone : +90 (312) 481 33 73 (Pbx) Fax number : +90 (312) 481 45 85 Web/E-mail Address : www.selinltd.com.tr / selininsaat@gmail.com Qualification No : 5 Report Preparation Date : October-2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page N.: 1. PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS....................................................................................................... 1 a) Work Flow Chart, Capacity, Occupied Area, Technology and the Number of the Employed Personnel pertaining to the Project ............................................................................................. 1 b) Use of Natural resources (land use, water use, the type of energy used etc.)........................... 26 c) Waste production amount (solid, liquid, gas etc.) and chemical, physical and vegetable properties of the wastes ............................................................................................................ 33 d) Accident risk which may be caused by the utilized technology and material ............................. 49 e) Precautions which shall be taken against possible environmental effects of the project ........... 50 2. PROJECT LOCATION .................................................................................................................... 59 a) Existing land use and quality (agricultural land, forested land, planned land ,water surface etc.) .............................................................................................. 59 b) Considering the sensitive localities list in Appendix-V; wetlands, shore regions, hilly and forested lands, agricultural lands, national parks, special protection areas, areas having high population density, historical, cultural, archeological or similar important areas, erosion areas, landslide areas, forestation areas, potential erosion and forestation areas along with aquifers which should be protected in accordance with 167 numbered Law on Underground Streams .. 85 3. ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT AND ITS LOCATION (REASONS FOR SELECTING THE PROJECT TECHNOLOGY AND THE PROJECT AREA)............................................................... 96 Figures Page N.: Figure 1. Sketch showing Camlica III Facilities (dam, HEPP, conveyance channel etc.) and borrow pit .... 3 Figure 2. Impermeable Borrow pit Work flow chart ................................................................................... 15 Figure 3. Work flow chart of Crushing-sifting facility ................................................................................. 16 Figure 4. Sketch showing the new road that shall replace the road that will be covered by the reservoir and the waste disposal area..................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 5. Satellite photo showing Dam and HEPP site (Google Earth)..................................................... 26 Figure 6. Dam + conveyance channel Construction and dust distribution model...................................... 45 Figure 7. HEPP + conveyance channel Construction and dust distribution model.................................... 46 Figure 8. Crushing-sifting facilities dust distribution model ....................................................................... 47 Figure 9. Impermeable borrow pit dust emission model ........................................................................... 48 Figure 10. Site Location Map.................................................................................................................... 62 Figure 11. Generalized startigraphic section of the project site and its surroundings ............................... 67 Figure 12. Active Fault Map of the Project area and its surroundings....................................................... 73 Figure 13. Seismic zones map ................................................................................................................. 74 Figure 14: Active fault map of the project area and its surroundings ........................................................ 75 Tables Page N.: Table 1. General Characteristics of Camlica III HEPP Facilities ................................................................. 9 Table 2. Camlica III Hydroelectric Facilities Construction and Assembly Works Schedule ....................... 14 Table 3. Capacities of the material quarries that will be used in the project and their distances to the project facilities......................................................................................................................................... 15 Table 4. Capacities of Borrow pits, Crushing-Sifting facilities and Concrete Plant used in the Project; .... 17 Table 5. Amounts of the excavation, backfill performed in the construction of Camlica III Dam and HEPP and the required construction material ..................................................................................................... 33 Table 6. Vibration speed values according to the distance (W=101 kg) ................................................... 54 Table 7. Building types which might be damaged by blasting due to building foundation vibration speed (Vo) values ............................................................................................................................................... 54 Table 8. National Parks which are closest to the Project area and their properties .................................. 87 Table 9. Flora of the project area and its surroundings............................................................................. 88 Table 10. Amphibian Species Detected In The Project Area .................................................................... 91 Table 11. Reptilian Species Detected In The Project Area ....................................................................... 92 Table 12. Aves Species Detected In The Project Area ............................................................................. 92 Table 13. Mammalian Species Detected In The Project Area................................................................... 95 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File 1. PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS a) Work Flow Chart, Capacity, Occupied Area, Technology and the Number of the Employed Personnel pertaining to the Project Construction of hydroelectric power plants in the scope of renewable energy and thus, utilization of the existing hydroelectric potential represent utmost importance for our country. In our country where the industrial electricity price is the second highest in Europe, as a requirement of the financial structure, the increase of the power generation power plants that generate one of the most important inputs of the industry, i.e. electricity, is direly needed. In this increment, the hydroelectric energy which does not have raw material cost plays a key role. Power consumption figures increase and decrease during the certain hours of the day. Hydroelectric power plants are the most prominent among the power generation facilities which have the capability to meet the peak demand and, in case it is needed, to switch off easily. In addition to that consumption of electricity per capita in a country is considered to be an indication of the development and living standard level of that particular country. From this perspective, Turkey is behind many countries. In 2010, Peak power demand of our country is 50600 MW while energy demand is 307970 GWh. Our country possesses 1 % of world’s hydroelectric potential and 15 % of Europe’s hydroelectric potential. Related organizations have determined that our financially exploitable hydroelectric potential is 122420 GWh. Power consumption increase is high in our country and the import of energy constitutes a burden on the economy. In order to overcome this obstacle as soon as possible, it is required that domestic and renewable power plants, such as hydroelectric, shall be put into operation immediately. Construction of Camlica Iii Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plant (HEPP) on Zamanti River, in Yahyali district of Kayseri Province has been planned by Camlica Elektrik Uretim A.S. In order to determine the flora and fauna characteristics, geological, hydro-geological and hydrological properties, present pollution level of the region and the environmental properties, field studies have been undertaken in the project site and its surroundings. -“Camlica III Hydroelectric Power Plant Feasibility Report (June-2004)” is used in the preparation of this report. Furthermore project site maps which have been prepared for the company; reports which include Geological, Hydro-geological and Tectonics studies have been examined and works that are deemed necessary have been included in Project Information File. X Description of the Project The construction period of Camlica III Dam and HEPP facility which is designed to be constructed on Zamanti River is planned to be 2 years. When the system is put into operation at the end of this period, in Hydroelectric Power Plant which has five units adding up to 27.624 MW total turbine installed capacity, given the existing current conditions, in total 104.49 GWh power shall be generated annually while this figure shall drop to 58.33 GWh annually once the facilities located upstream are realized and the current value decreases. 1 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File • After the completion of the dam, approximately 440.323 m2 area shall remain under water. • Dam reservoir area is 0.44 km2 while reservoir volume is 13.210.000 m3. • Annual production capacity of crushing-sifting facility is 95.000 m3/year. • Installed capacity of HEPP is 27.624 MW. With its above mentioned properties, this project requires the preparation of project description file in accordance with the articles of EIA Regulation Appendix-2 “List of the projects on which Selection-Elimination Criteria shall be applied article 21.a, article 22, article 35.a, and article 35. Project location is situated at the border of Southern Anatolia Region and Northern Ridge of Mediterranean Region. Brooks formed by the streams at 2070 m altitude in southern border of Sivas Province joint together inside the boundaries of Kayseri Province and continue to flow in southwest direction and they are fed by several tributaries and thus form Zamanti River. According to the design the dam shall be constructed on Zamanti River at 769.00 m elevation and its height shall be 30.00 m. The water shall be received from the dam at 62 m3/sec discharge and 50.34 m net head and a power plant shall be constructed which has in total, with 3 large 2 small units, , 3 x 8020 + 2 x 1782 = 27 624 kW turbine installed capacity. It is also planned that on Zamanti river, 30 meters above thalweg, a central clay cored earth fill dam and facilities shall be constructed as well as a hydroelectric power plant on the left bank which is equipped with water intake structure, 3000 m long energy water path (conduit – short tunnel), loading chamber, penstock and three vertical-axis Francis and two horizontal-axis Francis turbines The facilities that shall be constructed in the scope of the project are; • Camlica III Dam and water intake structure • Water intake opening located on the left slope • Energy conduit which has Horse-shape cross section and an internal diameter of ?4.65 m • Forebay • Penstock which has circular cross section and an internal diameter of ?3.65 m • 3 branches with ?2m internal diameter, 2 branches with ?0.9m internal diameter • Power plant with 5 units and 27.624 MW installed capacity • Crushing-sifting Facility (it shall be used during the construction) • Concrete Plant (it shall be used during the construction) Plan and sections pertaining to the mentioned facilities are given in report appendices. (See Appendix-11). Weir location discharge continuity curves and daily current values have been used for the operation studies. Weir location current values have been taken as basis for the operation. In order to sustain the continuity of the natural life, water having 1 m3/sec discharge shall be released to river bed between Weir location and HEPP. Owner of the activity’s letter of undertaking, which is approved by public notary, showing that water at 1 m3/sec discharge shall be released is given in report appendices (See Appendix-12). Furthermore, when the construction phase overlaps with the fish spawning period, works on the river bed shall be halted and the works shall continue in places other than the river bed. In operation phase, discharge 2 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File measurements shall be performed and recorded, regularly, with discharge-meter at the point of water release (downstream) and every 6 months these records shall be sent to Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Figure 1. Sketch showing Camlica III Facilities (dam, HEPP, conveyance channel etc.) and borrow pit 3 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File 4 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File X Proposed Facilities: ™ General Layout of the Facilities; In principle, Camlica III Hydroelectric Facilities have been planned as shown in GDSHW Master Plan. That is to say, Weir (reservoir) axis has been preserved. Conveyance structure conduit is on the upper slope of the existing road on the left bank. Due to the fact that the current has surface flow and low pressure, the conduit which is arranged with circular cross section in the Master Plan is arranged as horseshoe. The 3000-m long conduit, in order to prevent unnecessary wrap around and extension has passed the headland on its route with a tunnel that has the same cross section. The arrangement of the forebay chamber and penstock is as shown in the Master Plan. Nevertheless, in order to provide foundation for power house on the rock, the structure has been slid upstream and approached towards the hill. Consequently, tailwater channel has become longer. In this section, an important concept which is constituted by the formation principles of the weir shall be discussed. Due to foundation conditions (alluvium thickness, resistance properties and permeability of the rock below the alluvium), deep excavation is required under the thalweg. Therefore, the height of the structure from the foundation is approximately 54.50m. Power plant operation has been performed by keeping the water level in front of the reservoir (Weir) at an elevation of 795 m. ™ Water Derivation and Cofferdams; Water derivation of Camlica III Dam has been realized with open channel. The basis discharge for water derivation is Q25=124m3/sec. Water derivation channel has been calculated with an inclination of 0.0030. While the channel has a trapezoid section outside the area covered by the body, its portion placed under the body has been arranged with a rectangular section and on the right bank. Derivation channel base has been arranged between 767 and 765.74 elevations. Its length is 420 m. Cofferdam crete elevation has been determined as 773.00. ™ Barrage Body; In determination of the width section of the fill body type of the barrage, the above given information and material information have been considered. Barrage body has been planned as earth fill with zones. There is a sand filter on either side of the clay core. Crust fills are done with sand-pebble. As slope covers rip-rap has been proposed in upstream regions while rock crumbles have been proposed in downstream regions. The clay core of the barrage has been placed on the firm ground by removing the alluvium, terrace and slope gravel as well as the disintegrated sections of the rocky ground. Against non-permeability of the rocky ground, curtain grouting has been considered at 25 m depth in thalweg and 20-25m depth in the slopes. Hole separation of the curtain grouting is 3m. Furthermore, 5m-deep lid grouting shall be performed as one line on both sides of the curtain grouting. Again, hole separation is 3m. Storage distance of the excavations has been planned as 500 m. At this stage, the slopes of the barrage fill have been arranged as 3/1 upstream and 2.75/1 downstream. These figures shall be checked according to earthquake coefficients calculated in final project phase. The region where the facilities are located is in 4th seismic belt. Seismic map is given in report appendix. (See. Appendix:4) 5 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File ™ Spillway and Water intake structure; Spillway and water intake structure are located on the left slope and constitute a monolithic structure. Spillway begins after the solid body, water intake structure is adjacent to spillway and it reclines on the slope. Spillway, flood control shall be performed at threshold region with 2 radial gates. Right bank wall of the spillway (approach channel + threshold region + partial discharge channel) keeps the barrage body fills. Left bank wall extends as separation wall in approach channel region towards approach channel and subsequently, forms separation wall in the threshold region together with the water intake structure and then, continues as spillway discharge channel wall. Discharge channel is 106 m long. Its width is 12 m. Base slope is first 0.125 (L=30m), then 0.257 (66 m). Discharge channel base has been arranged so that it shall never be suspended in the air according to the ground level. Discharge channel rises to 0.50 slope (10 m) before impact stilling basin. The base of the impact stilling basin has been found to be 760.00 while its length is 30 m. ™ Foundation Conditions; After body foundation excavation, the foundation excavation of the barrage body which descends to firm rock (krof) rises to spillway base elevation with 2 vertical and 1 horizontal inclined slopes. The foundation excavation that shall be performed more than the project elevations shall be filled with backfill concrete until the project elevations are reached. This concrete penetrates into firm rock at the bottom. Some section of the threshold region of the spillway and some section of the water intake structure shall sit on terrace ground. However, since the disintegrated sections of this ground shall be excavated, no problem is anticipated. Discharge channel is completely on terrace material, as well. Here, also, the disintegrated section will have been removed. There is no sensitivity problem in the ground. Impact stilling basin shall sit on the alluvium. Since the base of the basin is located approximately 8-10 m below the surface, it shall be located in firm-very firm section of the alluvium. Furthermore, since the width of the impact stilling basin is not large, in monolithic fashion with its wall and base it has been planned with U cross section. Thus, a safe structure is obtained. ™ Water Intake Structure; Energy water intake structure is located on the left side of spillway structure. It is proposed as a monolithic structure together with the spillway. The grill area has been calculated by assuming that the velocity shall be 0.60 m/sec in front of the grill. Base elevation at the water intake structure entrance is 787.70. The amount of water exceeding the project discharge which may enter the water intake structure in case of a flood shall pass on the spillway gate downstream with spillway which is arranged on the right bank wall of water intake structure. ™ Water Conveyance (Conduit-Tunnel); 6 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Water conveyance shall be performed with conduit having 4.65m horseshoe cross section. The conveyance line is 3000 m long in total and consists of 2350 m conduit and 650 m tunnel. A tunnel is included in the water conveyance line in order to prevent traversing around a headland present on the route. Conduit structure has horseshoe cross section. By backfilling on it, a road shall be formed. This shall facilitate transportation during both construction and operation phases. Since the conduit is a closed system, it shall protect water conveyance structure from naturally falling scree and other hazardous interventions. ™ Penstock and Branches; Main penstock of Camlica III plant has 03.65 m diameter. In branching region, the penstock diameters reduce in parallel with the discharge provided that the velocity remains the same. Penstock route is mainly on Ophiolite (krof). In some sections it is on Slope Gravel (Qy) and Terrace (Qtr). However, due to the fact that the structure is light and the base elevations are at a sufficient depth from the surface, no foundation problem is anticipated. ™ Power Plant Structure and Tailwater Channel; In order to place the foundation of the power house on the rock, it has been pulled towards the foothills of the hill where penstock begins. As a result of evaluation of all existing information, it has been found that the building shall, entirely, reside on Rock (Ophiolite). Tailwater Elevation: In the scope of these feasibility report studies, a topography study covering the region where the penstock and power house and the region extending towards Zamanti river side has been performed. The water levels measured at Zamanti River side during this study can be seen on the project. Since the measurements show that the river water level is around 735 m in this region, the tailwater elevation is set to be 735 for final operation phase. Power plant environment elevation has been determined to be 747 m in accordance with existing land elevations. ™ Tailwater Channel; Tailwater channel shall gather the water by laterally taking the water from the unit outputs along the power house. This channel is closed. Base elevation changes between 730 and 729. This channel is 15.00 m wide. Water depth of Q=62.50 m3/sec is 2,5 m while the water velocity inside the channel is 1.65 m/sec. The base slope is 0.0003. Its length is 140 m. Perpendicular faced walls are located on both sides of the channel. The base it covered with concrete. The freeboard inside the channel is calculated as 70 cm. The heights of the wall are 3.20 m from the channel base. The base elevation difference between the beginning and the end of the channel is 0.0003 x 140 = 0.04m and thus negligible. Partial switchyard fill is located on the left side of the tailwater channel. In this section, left bank wall shall be arranged to keep the backfill. 7 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File ™ General Information On Power Plant And Switchyard; The fact that the power generating discharge shall be composed of very different currents under upstream undeveloped and upstream developed cases and the principle of using the water in the most economical way required that the units shall have two different capacities and be composed of multiple units. For this reason, generator hall elevation turned out to be different for large units and small units. Power house, as main equipment layout, is composed of: Valve hall, turbine hall, generator hall and installation field. Other volumes have been utilized for the placement of auxiliary service and control equipments. Due to the large number of units, it is deemed more appropriate to place unit power transformers 154 kV switchyard. ™ Power Transformers; Due to the reasons such as, the closes transformer center is YESILHISAR and this center is fed by 154 kV line from CAMLICA I HEPP and CAMLICA I is very close to CAMLICA III HEPP and there is no other HEPP planned to be constructed downstream of CAMLICA III HEPP, it is found suitable to set the generator voltage as 154kV. Transformers shall be placed in 170 kV switchyard and the generator outputs shall be connected to these transformers through cable gallery. ™ System for Internal Requirements; The energy required by the power plant shall be provided by the transformer for internal requirements which can be fed by one of both large and small units. A diesel generator group shall be provided to meet the high priority loads in emergency situations. ™ Control System; The power plant shall be equipped with SCADA system which shall provide discharge controlled automatic and manual control of the plant. ™ 170 kV switchyard; The double-bar external type steel constructed switchyard shall have 7 equipped feeders and it is deemed suitable that it shall be connected through a power transmission line to 154 kV switchyard of CAMLICA I HEPP which is located near-by. The input feeder of CAMLICA I HEPP shall be equipped and 154 kV power transmission line shall be constructed. In order to accommodate connection of other power plants located downstream to CAMLICA I HEPP, unequipped feeder location shall be left in the switchyard. 8 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Table 1. General Characteristics of Camlica III HEPP Facilities Barrage (Weir) Location : Zamanti River (Between 795.00-735.00 elevations) Objective : Power Generation Type : Earth fill and Concrete Crete Length : 799.00 m Thalweg Elevation : 769.00 m Height From Thalweg : 30.00 m (approximate) Height From Foundation : 53.50 m (approximate) Crete Length : 146.00 m 2 Drainage Area : 7749 m Annual average Flow 3 State I (Existing State) : 843 hm 3 State II (Existing State) : 475 hm Normal and Max. W.L. : 795.00 Minimum Water Level : 794.00 3 Total Backfill Volume : 415.00 m 3 Total Concrete Volume : 4500 m Spillway 3 Q100 : 388.00 m /sec Type : Controlled Number of Water Gates : 2 Gate Dimensions : L=5,00 m H=8,00 m Total Gate Width : 10,00 m Threshold Crete Elevation : 787.00 Radial Gate Upper Elevation : 795.00 Discharge Channel (Length and Width) : L=106,00m W=12,00m Impact Stilling basin (Length and Width) : L=30,00m W=12,00m 3 Net head : 50.34 m (Q=62.00 m /sec) Number of Units : 5 (2 small unit + 3 large units) Total Installed Capacity : 2 x 1782 + 3 x 8020 = 27624 kW Total Bus Power : 2 x 1712 + 3 x 7704 = 26536 kW Project Discharge : (2 x 4,00 + 3 x 18,00) = 62,00 kW Annual Power Generation : 104,49 GWh (State I) 58,33 GWh (State II) Water Intake Structure Grills : 4 each (4,50 x 5,80 m) Operation Gate : 1 each (4,65 x 4,65 m) Cofferdam Gate : 1 each (4,65 x 4,65 m) Conveyance Structure (Conduit-Tunnel) Conduit : Length: 2350 m Cross Section : D=4,65 m (Horseshoe) Tunnel : Length: 650 m Cross Section : D=4,65 m (Horseshoe) Forebay Chamber Dimensions : Length: 50,00 m Width: 12,50 m Height: Variable (15,29 and 20,59 m) Water Levels 9 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Static : 795,00 3 Normal W.L. : 788,14 (Q=62,00 m /sec) 3 Crete Elevation : 786,93 (Q=62,00 m /sec) Water intake structure for Penstock Grills : 2 each (5,75 x 9,00 m) Operation Gate : 1 each (3,65 x 5,00 m) Cofferdam Gate : 1 each (3,65 x 5,00 m) Penstock and Branches Penstock : Ø 3,65 m L= 1,67 m t = 13 mm Ø 3,40 m L= 12 m t = 13 mm Ø 2,75 m L= 9 m t = 11 mm Branches : Ø 2,00 m L= 81 m t = 9 mm Ø 0,90 m L= 54 m t = 6 mm Penstock Axis Elevations Start : 780,76 Power Plant Entrance : Ø 2,00 m 733,00 Ø 0,90 m 733,90 Power Plant (Hardware) Turbines 3 large units Turbine type : Vertical axis Francis Nominal Net Head : 50,34 m Nominal Power : 8268 kW 3 Nominal Discharge : 18 m /sec Number of Revolutions : 375 rpm 2 small units Turbine type : Horizontal axis Francis Nominal Net Head : 50,34 m Nominal Power : 1837 kW 3 Nominal Discharge : 4 m /sec Number of Revolutions : 600 rpm Generators Type : Vertical axis, salient pole, Synchronous machine Output Power (Installed capacity) : 8020 kW Power Factor : 0.90 Voltage : 6,3 kV ±%5 Frequency : 50 Hz Number of Poles : 16 2 small units Type : Horizontal axis, salient pole, Synchronous machine Output Power (Installed capacity) : 1782 kW Power Factor : 0.90 Voltage : 6,3 kV ± %5 Frequency : 50 Hz Number of Poles : 10 Unit Transformer 3 large units Transformer type : External type, Oil Expansion Container Capacity : 8911 kVA Cooling type : ONAN,, natural cooling 10 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Voltage rate : 6,3/154kV Voltage adjustment taps : ± 2x2.5 % No Load Number of phases : 3 each Number of Windings : 2 each Isolation Levels : HV:275/650kV, V:20/60 kV Temperature Rise : 55oC oil, 60oC Winding Connection Group : Ynd 11 Impedance Voltage : %10 Neutral Point : Earthed Directly 2 small units Transformer type : External type, Oil Expansion Container Capacity : 1980 kVA Cooling type : ONAN,, natural cooling Voltage rate : 6,3/154kV Voltage adjustment taps : ± 2x2.5 % Number of phases : 3 Number of Windings : 2 Isolation Levels : HV:275/650kV, V:20/60 kV Temperature Rise : 55oC oil, 60oC Winding Connection Group : Ynd 11 Impedance Voltage : %10 Neutral Point : Earthed Directly Transformer for Internal Requirements Transformer type : External type, Air tight Capacity : 250 kVA Cooling type : ONAN., natural cooling Temperature Rise : 55oC oil, 60oC Winding Voltage rate : 6,3/0,4kV Voltage adjustment taps : ± 2x 2.5 % Number of phases : 3 Number of Windings : 2 Connection Group : Dyn 11 Impedance Voltage : 4,5 % Diesel Generator Group for Internal Requirements Continuous Power : 100 kVA Voltage : 400/231 V Frequency : 50 Hz Power Factor : 0,8 Number of Revolutions : 1500 rpm Facility Elevation : 750m above sea level Temperature of the locality : +40oC 170 kV Switching Equipment Switchyard Type : External, Steel Construction Switchyard Dimension : 70 x 110 m Bus style : Double busbar Maximum Voltage : 170 kV Short Circuit Interruption Current : 31,5 kA Operation Voltage : 154 kV Power Transmission Line Voltage : 170 kV 11 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Number of Circuits : Single Circuit Conductor Type : 795 MCM Connected Center : Camlica I HEPP Approximate Line Length : 10 km Tailwater Channel Type : Rectangular cross sectioned (concrete side walls and base concrete pavement) 3 Capacity : Q = 62,00 m /sec Dimensions : Length: 140,00 m Width: 15,00 m Water Depth : 2,50 m X Construction Works; There might be changes in the topographic structure of the existing land due to the operations undertaken during construction of the project such as excavation, backfill, leveling, material removal – disposal, road opening or improvement. The first operation is to clean the field. The most important work in this scope is cutting down the trees and making road suitable for the passage of construction machines. The costs of the trees that are cut down shall be paid to Regional Directorates of Forestry and Department of Forestry Operation. Following this cleaning operation, the vegetable earth layer in the field shall be scraped off. This layer shall be stored in suitable places for further use as surface cover in landscaping works. Then, necessary excavation and filling shall be performed. The total excavation amount that shall be performed in the scope of the project for body, derivation, cofferdams, spillway, conveyance conduit and power plant is approximately 466.330 m3. Also, the backfill requirement in the scope of the project is 575 500 m3. Of the backfill requirement in the scope of the project, 249 000 m3 shall be met from the excavation while the remaining amount shall be bought from existing enterprises located nearby. In the scope of the project 217.330 m3 excavation waste shall be stored in waste disposal area. Photographs pertaining to the project site are given in the report appendix (See Appendix- 6). Special care shall be taken to store vegetable soil separate from excavation material and to re-use it in renovation works of the area once the construction has been completed. Under no circumstances shall the excess material from excavation be disposed to brook beds. In order to decrease the landslide risk while storing in temporary storage area, no excavation storage shall be higher than 3 m. Used waste disposal area shall be levelled and vegetated before leaving. 12 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Stabilized material for concrete aggregate and road pavement required for project structures shall be procured from the material sites specified in the scope of the project. The works in material quarries may lead to changes in the topography. Following the necessary works in these areas, leveling shall be done and formation of pits shall be prevented. Final arrangements shall be done in a manner which suits the topography. All necessary safety precautions shall be taken in accordance with the law and regulations in force regarding the issues such as explosives, transportation of fuses and capsules, storage, training of the blaster etc. Blasting (in construction phase) shall be performed in day time. When the dam is put into operation, surface area of the water shall widen starting from the axle point of the dam. In this respect, the effect of the project on the natural geography shall be the formation of a lake. The geological units in this area shall be left under the reservoir. There is no unique geological and geomorphologic formation in the project area. The lands covered by the reservoir and other lands where the construction is performed shall be publicized. The mentioned expropriation shall be performed by the Investor company in compliance with 4650 numbered “Expropriation Law”. There is no collective residence in the project site that might be, directly, affected from the project. Therefore, there shall be no re-settlement in the scope of 2510 numbered “Settlement Law”. In the course of the construction, the issues mentioned in the related Law, Charter and Regulations shall be followed and there shall be health and infirmary personnel present in the construction site. 13 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Table 2. Camlica III Hydroelectric Facilities Construction and Assembly Works Schedule Length (2 years) WORK ITEMS 1st six month 2nd six month 3rd six month 4th six month period period period period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 PREPARATION WORKS Foundation – Material Research Mapping Studies Final Project Studies Preparation of Tender Documents Tendering Process (Construction+Equipment+Expropriation) EIA Study CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION WORKS IN DAM AND FACILITIES Installation of Construction Site Construction works before Derivation (Derivation excavation and Concrete Works) Water redirection (Cofferdams) Injection Works Body Construction Works Construction of Spillway + Water intake Structure CONVEYANCE LINE (CONDUIT + TUNNEL + FOREBAY CHAMBER) Construction and Installation Works PENSTOCK + POWER PLANT + SWITCHYARD + TAILWATER CHANNEL Construction and Installation Works HEPP Installation Works TRIAL OPERATION ACCEPTANCE WORKS AND COMMENCE OF COMMERCIAL GENERATION ¾ Impermeable Borrow pit: Material area is close to the Balcicakiri Village which is downstream the dam location. The distance of the area to the barrage location is approximately 4,3 km. The material in this area is composed of slope gravel. The area is accessible with the existing roads and these roads can also be used as material roads. However, the roads may require partial upgrade. During GDSHW Master Plan phase (in year 1983) 4 research pits were opened in the material area and bag samples were taken. Of the characteristics of the material present in the area, the specific gravity is in compliance with the amount limits passing through number 200 sieve, however, the amount of large grain is high, Liquid Limit values are suitable, Plasticity index is high and permeability value is low. With 2 m excavation , 52,000 m3 impermeable material can be acquired from this area which has 2,6 ha surface area. It is not anticipated that underground waters shall be 14 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File encountered during the material removal from the area. Due to the fact that some values of the material present in the area are not in compliance with the limits and some experiments are missing, new research studies shall be required. Production flow which shall be realized in impermeable material quarries is given in Figure 2. SCRAPING OFF OF THE VEGETABLE SOIL • Noise • Dust Emission TRANSPORTATION OF THE VEGETABLE SOIL TO THE STORAGE AREA • Noise • Dust Emission REMOVAL OF THE MATERIAL • Noise • Dust Emission FILLING IN THE TRUCKS • Noise • Dust Emission TRANSPORTATION TO THE CONSTRUCTION AREA Figure 2. Impermeable Borrow pit Work flow chart Table 3. Capacities of the material quarries that will be used in the project and their distances to the project facilities Material Name of the Distance to the structures (m) Amount of Material Type material (road distance) the material requirement Dam Conveyance Power in the area of the project Location Conduit (the Plant (m3) (m3) (Axle) nearest) Location Impermeable (Balcicakiri) 4300 1360 1100 52.000 89.500 material ¾ Crushing-Sifting Facility: 15 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File In order to meet the concrete needs of the project during construction phase, 1 crushing- sifting facility shall be operated inside the boundaries of the construction site. The material which will be crushed in the crushing-sifting facility shall be purchased from the existing quarries which are operated near-by. During the construction, some portion of the material output of the crushing-sifting facility shall be transported to the construction site directly, while some portion shall be used in the production of ready mixed concrete in the concrete plant (See Apppendix-1), which is installed close to the crushing-sifting facility, and used in the project. The most important environmental effects appearing at the crushing-sifting facility will be dust and noise. In order to minimize the dust formation, in the crushing-sifting facility the material shall be moistened with a pulverized system (system with water) before being fed into the conveyor . The top of the carriage bands shall be covered. Crushing-sifting facility work flow chart is given in Figure 3. In the scope of the project, 1 crushing-sifting facility and 1 concrete plant shall be installed and these facilities shall be removed upon the completion of construction works. Bunker Primary Crusher First Sieve Cubicle Crusher Sieve Tertiary Crusher Transportation to Ready Mixed Concrete Plant Bunker Figure 3. Work flow chart of Crushing-sifting facility ¾ Ready Mixed Concrete Plant: 16 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File The material produced by the crushing-sifting facility shall be brought to the ready mixed concrete plant and the ready mixed concrete required during the construction phase shall be provided from this facility. In the ready mixed concrete production facilities, the ready mixed concrete is obtained by mixing aggregate materials, cement, water and depending on the desired characteristics of the concrete, several chemical additives in predetermined proportions. The ready mixed concrete shall be filled in the mixers and transported to construction site. Additives are liquid and dust additives which are used to increase the strength, density and workability of the concrete, to decrease the water in the concrete, to provide viscosity, to speed up the initial settle, to decrease the amount of mixing water, to work as an anti-freeze etc. In general these additives are melamine and dust polymer based. In ready mixed concrete production facilities, the concentration of suspended solid material (SSM) and turbidity are very high in wastewater produced as a result of processes such as washing the mixers. Furthermore, wastewater is produced as a result of washing the outside of the mixer vehicles and the dusty fields. For such reasons, in order to re-gain the aggregate present in the wastewater and mixer “Sedimentation Pools” shall be constructed in the facilities. Sedimentation pools shall have 2 sections. The settling material is called mil and it can be used for upgrade purposes in the fields. This mil material shall be used for upgrading purposes in the surrounding areas of the facility and trees shall be planted in these areas. It is planned that the complete amount of processed water coming out of sedimentation pool shall be, again, used in washing works. However, if it is not possible to re-use the water, it shall be discharged into Zamanti River in compliance with the parameters given in Water Pollution Control Regulation Table 7.5. Discharge permission certificate shall be acquired by contacting Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry. In the concrete plant, the bunkers where dust formation may take place shall be covered. In this manner, dust emission output of the concrete plant shall be minimized. In the scope of the project, emission permit and Trading and Working License shall be acquired for impermeable material area (clay quarry), crushing-sifting facility and concrete plant. The capacities of the impermeable material area, crushing-sifting facility and concrete plant which are planned to be operated in the scope of the project, are given in the table below. Table 4. Capacities of Borrow pits, Crushing-Sifting facilities and Concrete Plant used in the Project; Name of the Area Capacity Annual (*) Production (**) Production Facility (ha) m3/2 years Production Capacity per hour Capacity per hour Capacity m3/year m3/hour tons/hour Impermeable material area 1,63 52.000 26.000 8,66 23,12 (Clay Quarry) 17 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Crushing- 0,4 190.000 95.000 31,67 84,88 sifting Facility Concrete plant 0,4 190.000 95.000 31,67 84,88 (*): During the project the work shall continue for 10 months in a year, 30 days in a month and 10 hours in a day. 3 (**): The density of the impermeable material : 2,67 tons/m The amount of the material required for Camlica III Dam and HEPP construction and the places where it shall be procured are given below. Amount required in the Place of Procurement Material type scope of the Project (m3) The suitable material obtained from the excavation works undertaken in the construction site shall be Rock material 89.500 used as much as possible. In case the amount of the excavated material is not sufficient, it shall be purchased from existing rock quarries which are operated near-by. The suitable material obtained from the excavation Permeable material (sand 99.000 (soil fill, filter) works undertaken in the construction site shall be –gravel material) 110.000 (Concrete used as much as possible. In case the amount of the aggregate) excavated material is not sufficient, it shall be purchased from existing sand-gravel quarries which are operated near-by. Impermeable material 52.000 m3 material shall be procured from the clay 89.500 quarry operated in the scope of the project while (Clay material) remaining 37.500 m3 shall be procured from existing clay quarries which are operated near-by. X Access Status: The distance of Camlica III Dam location is 45 km to Yahyali District, 125 km to Nigde and 150 km to Kayseri. The dam location is connected to Yahyali District with asphalt road. When the dam is filled with water approximately 2700 m road will be covered by water. This road shall be carried to higher elevations and constructed again. Before the accumulation of the water, the entire road shall be re-built. Consequently the transportation network shall not be interrupted. The road that shall be re-built is shown in the map given in the report appendix (See Appendix-1) and figure 4. Highway Traffic Regulation verdicts shall be followed when Kapuzbasi road is used during channel construction. The necessary warning signs shall be placed. The trucks shall not carry excess loads. The trucks shall be covered with canvas and the spilling of the material on the road shall be prevented. When damage is caused by the construction, the entire loss shall be bearable by the owner of the activity. 18 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Figure 4. Sketch showing the new road that shall replace the road that will be covered by the reservoir and the waste disposal area 19 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File X Land Use: There is no agricultural land in the area of dam and energy water line. However, a small water mill, several fruit trees and a piece of land which is developed as a terrace, can be cultivated and has an area of 114.680 m2 exist where power house and switchyard shall be located. Large portion of the project location is forested land. Expropriation works are in progress for the project area. According to expropriation works, 613.550 m2 of the project area is classified as forested land. The generation license document issued by T.R. Energy Markets Regulatory Authority (EMRA) for the investment is given in the report appendix (See Appendix-8). There are two operating chrome mine enterprises in the project area. Additionally, it is learnt that a new chrome mine is planned. The project shall not harm these mines. Since the project does not require a large area and no new settlement is required as no residential area is covered with water, no negative effect on the social structure is anticipated. Use of the reservoir area for recreational purposes will provide some sort of vividness to the lives of the local people. X Residential Areas The closest residential areas and their distances to Camlica III Dam and HEPP are given below. The closest residential areas to the Dam axle; • Cavdarusagi neighborhood to 650 m southwest • Yesilkoy neighborhood to 1992 m northeast Residential areas close to HEPP; 20 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File • Tatlar neighborhood to 1500 m southwest • Balcicakiri village to 905 m south X Employed Personnel and Accommodation It is planned that 75 people shall be employed in the construction phase of the project while 15 people shall be employed in operation phase. Construction site shall be installed in the area which will be covered with the reservoir. The location of the construction site is shown on the map given in report appendix and Figure 4. Dormitory, kitchen, administrative units, infirmary, shower, toilet shall be present in the construction site. X Waste Disposal Area: Some portion of the excavated material obtained in the scope of the project shall be re- used in the construction area. These areas are shown on the map given in the report appendix (See Appendix-1) and Figure 4. The area of the waste disposal area is approximately 54.782 m2 (5,478 hectares). The construction site shall be left under the reservoir once the construction is completed. For this reason, prefabricated structures in the area shall be dismantled and the area shall be cleaned. X Other facilities planned and existing on Zamanti River: Camlica III Hydroelectric Facilities are located in Upper Seyhan basin. Zamanti River is one of the two main tributaries located in Upper Seyhan Basin. The “Upper Seyhan Basin Master Plan Report – Verbund Plan, Romconsul T, Temelsu September 1984” was prepared upon request of GDSHW. According to this report 7 dams, 8 weirs and 14 Hydroelectric Power Plant are planned on Zamanti River. Camlica III Dam and HEPP is the third facility from the downstream. The facilities located above Camlica III facilities are, starting from the most upstream, Bahcelik Dam, Gumusoren Dam and HEPP, Gicik HEPP, Camlica I and II Weirs and HEPPs. Bahcelik Dam, Gumusoren Dam and Gicik Facilities, which are located upstream of Camlica III, also have irrigation purposes. Currently, the construction of Bahcelik Dam is almost complete and water is accumulated. Furthermore, it is known that Camlica I facilities have been realized and put into operation. The construction of other upstream facilities has not started yet. 21 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File The most important streams of the precipitation area Zamanti River and its tributaries. The source of Zamanti is the springs located on the southern slopes of Karaca Hill to the North. It flows directly and is fed by tributaries merging on the left and right banks. Sensitive localities; Aladaglar National Park is located 8 km to the west of the project area. There is no negative effect of the project area on Aladaglar National Park. Environmental effects appearing in the scope of the project and the precautions that shall be taken are summarized below; Environmental effects; Camlica III dam and HEPP shall not create any negative environmental effect since they are constructed for power generation purposes and the sufficient amount of water shall be left to the brook bed during operation. Only temporary negative environmental effects may arise in the construction phase. These effects shall either be eliminated or minimized with the precautions that are taken in the light of the related regulations mentioned in the report. For these reasons, it is thought that the project shall have positive effects with the power generation. The projects shall affect the financial structure in two aspects. First of them is regional. There shall be employment for the regional people during the construction phase of the facility. This opportunity shall increase the income of the people in the region and prevent the immigration be it for a limited period of time. The positive effect on the financial structure shall affect the social life indirectly. Hydroelectric power plants are the cleanest systems that can be implemented for power generation. During operation phase there is no emission that may create air, water and earth pollution. In the scope of the project, blasting shall be performed in the conveyance tunnel which is very short. Besides, when rocks which cannot be crushed by work machines are encountered in construction area, conveyance channel, dam axle and HEPP area, blasting 22 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File shall be performed to loosen the material. During tunnel blasts, instantaneous dust and noise shall occur only due to blasting performed at the tunnel’s entrance. As for the blasts in the tunnel, the forming dust shall settle down in the tunnel before dispersing into the environment. Furthermore, there shall be ventilation for the entire construction period of the tunnel. Since the conveyance tunnel is small-scaled, small round blasting shall be performed. Consequently the earth vibration shall be at very low levels. Due to the fact that generally in tunnel blasts, holes with small diameters are used and the charge amount is small, large delay intervals are selected. The purpose of this is to give necessary time to each sequence and ensure that each sequence is blasted in the holes obtained. Having large delay intervals will result in smaller earth vibrations. With the project, people of the region shall acquire a resting and recreation area. The second effect is national. The facility is important for Turkish economy with issues such as meeting the energy deficit and the connection of excess generation to national system. 9 Wastewaters; Wastewaters produced by the workers employed in the construction phase shall be stored in sealed cesspool which shall be constructed in the construction site. Sedimentation pool shall be constructed for wastewater originating from washing the transmixers in the concrete facility during the construction phase and the treated water received from the pool shall be re-used for vehicle/field washing purposes. In case there is excess water, discharge permit shall be received in accordance with Water Pollution Control Regulation and it shall be discharged into Zamanti Creek. When discharge of the wastewater into receiving media is in question (treated water is too much etc.) it shall be discharged into Zamanti Creek after being treated in compliance with Water Pollution Control Regulation Table 7.5 and Water Products Regulation. 15 people shall be employed in operation phase. For the wastewater originating from the workers a sealed cesspool shall be constructed near HEPP building. Sealed cesspools which are used both in construction and operation phases, shall be emptied by the nearest Municipality which owns a sewage truck in predetermined intervals and the cost shall be paid to the municipality. 23 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File 9 Solid Wastes; Solid wastes with domestic qualities appearing in both construction and operation phases shall be stored in the bins with closing lids which are located in the site, they shall be left in the garbage bins which are serviced by the Municipality. Wastes appearing in both construction and operation phases that can be recycled shall be decomposed and given to licensed dumping or recycling facilities. Some of the excess excavated material obtained after the construction shall be used in construction site and road improvement works. Portions which are not used shall be stored in waste disposal areas. 9 Waste Oils; Oil replacement and maintenance of the vehicles and the construction\ machines used during the construction phase shall also be performed in construction site. Oil wastes appearing as a result of the maintenance performed in the construction phase shall be stored in separate containers and in accordance with the Waste Oil Control Regulation, they shall be delivered to licensed recycling facilities or manufacturers. Waste frying oil produced in the kitchens of the construction site shall also be stored in separate containers and in accordance with Waste Vegetable Oils Control Regulation, these containers shall be given to licensed recycling facilities. Hazardous wastes such as oil-fuel smeared oakum, hand gloves etc which may appear in construction site activities shall be given to licensed elimination facilities in accordance with Hazardous Waste Control Regulation. 9 Dust Emission; There shall be dust emission in the scope of the project due to the excavation, blasting works undertaken in construction phase along with the operation of crushing-sifting facilities and concrete plant. In order to minimize the dust emission the following precautions shall be taken. 24 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File • Loading-unloading shall be performed without swinging, • Working area shall be moistened in hot and dry weathers, • The trucks shall be covered with canvas during transportation outside of the construction site, • Pulverized dust holding system shall be added to crushing-sifting facilities, the carriage bands shall be covered, • Mixing operation shall be performed in a closed are in the concrete plant, • Dust holding filters shall be placed on the cement silos in the concrete plant. 9 Noise; The noise caused by the project shall be caused by the construction machines working, blasting in the construction phase as well as crushing-sifting facilities and concrete plant. Limit values indicated in evaluation of peripheral noise and Management regulation shall be followed. The noise in the scope of the project shall be caused by the construction works working in the construction phase and the blasting. 25 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File CAML CA III DAM AXLE Conveyance Route HEPP Figure 5. Satellite photo showing Dam and HEPP site (Google Earth) b) Use of Natural resources (land use, water use, the type of energy used etc.) The environmental effects appearing during the construction of Camlica III Dam and HEPP are temporary and these effects shall be removed when the construction is completed. As a result of the operations carried out during the construction of the project water, dust, noise, solid waste and hazardous wastes shall be produced. For the contaminators, necessary precautions shall be taken in compliance with Environment regulation and the effects shall be minimized. • Water Use; Construction phase During the construction phase, drinking water which is suitable as drinking and utility water shall be purchased, Water shall be brought to the construction site with tankers. Also, a lodgment shall be constructed for the employees in operation phase. 26 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File The amounts of water that shall be used in the construction phase of the project are given below; 3 For moistening working areas when there the weather is hot, dry and windy : 3,0 m /day 3 Water use for the daily needs of the personnel working in the construction site : 11,25 m /day 3 In crushing-sifting facility (Pulverized water sprinkling system) : 3,0 m /day 3 Water use for washing mixers in ready mix concrete plant : 15 m /day TOTAL : 32,25 m3/day Of the uses mentioned above, it is planned that the water used in the scope of construction works (excluding drinking and utility water) shall be procured from Zamanti creek. Operation phase; The approximate amount of water that shall be used in the operation phase of the project is given below; 3 The amount of water that shall be used for the daily needs of the personnel : 2,25 m /day employed in the operation phase • Energy type The energy required for the construction can be received from the residential areas which are located near-by. Furthermore, there shall be a 50 kVA diesel generator group in the construction site. There is no need for an additional power transmission line for power supply. • Use of land There is no agricultural land in the area of dam and energy water line. However, a small water mill, several fruit trees and a piece of land which is developed as a terrace, can be cultivated and has an area of 114680 m2 exist where power house and switchyard shall be located. Large portion of the project location is forested land. Expropriation works are in 27 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File progress for the project area. According to expropriation works, 613550 m2 of the project area is classified as forested land. Agricultural lands: Map report showing the soil class of the project area is given in the report appendix (See Appendix-2). According to this map, the entire project site has VII. Grade land use capability. Forested lands Major part of the project area is classified as forested land. The activities shall commence after receiving necessary permissions from Regional Directorate of Forestry. Stand map covering the project area is given in report appendix (See Appendix-3). Permission shall be acquired in accordance with 17/3rd article of the 6831 numbered Forest Law which is amended with 5192 numbered Law. The project area is in the boundaries of Burhaniye Chieftaincy of Forestry Operation and Ulupinar Chieftaincy of Forestry Operation pertaining to Adana Regional Directorate of Forestry, Yahyali Directorate of Forestry Operation. According to directorates, the state of the stands and the type of the trees that will be cut down, their amounts and worth are given below; Project Area Stand Properties: It is in the boundaries of Adana Regional Directorate of Forestry, Yahyali Directorate of Forestry Operation, Burhaniye Chieftaincy of Forestry Operation. According to stand Map of the management plan covering 2002-2011 implementation years; (the portions where the dam axle exists, where conveyance channels, forebay pool exist, where penstock passes and the areas which will be covered with water are shown below. The trees that shall be removed from the area have been calculated according to worth and the amounts per hectare given in stand description tables of forest management plan. 28 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Since it is performed according to management plan covering 2002-2011 implementation years and calculated according to average values and also due to illegal cutting down by the citizens there might be tree types and species differences in the amount given. The supplied values are not determined according to tree building survey plan. In order to be able to cut down the trees from the forested area which will be left under the reservoir, the specification shall be made by applying to chieftaincy of forestry operation and it shall be recorded. Chieftaincy of forestry operation comes with its officers, issues planted tree record and determine the species of all of the trees that shall be cut down and measure their diameters (in order to calculate the worth) and seals the bottom of the trees. Cutting amount shall be extracted accordingly. Since it is a state forest, the forestry management shall take the trees that are cut down. 29 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Stand types in the project area; Section Stand type Descriptions Closure ratio (%) Area No 206 BKBt Disarranged-mixed- coppice forest 1-10 8,50 217 BKBt Disarranged-mixed- coppice forest 1-10 1,2 218 BKBt Disarranged-mixed- coppice forest 1-10 1,04 234 BKBt Disarranged-mixed- coppice forest 1-10 17,90 235 BKBt Disarranged-mixed- coppice forest 1-10 7,45 236 BKBt Disarranged-mixed- coppice forest 1-10 3,85 249 Cza Redwood forestation area 17,25 272 BKBt Disarranged-mixed- coppice forest 1-10 1,18 Czcd2 Woodland structure moor 41-70 0,41 WASTE DISPOSAL AREA 195 BKBt Disarranged-mixed- coppice forest 1-10 1 IMPERMEABLE MATERIAL AREA 271 Z-is Agriculture-Settlement 270 Z-is Agriculture-Settlement According to Adana Regional Directorate of Forestry, Yahyali Directorate of Forestry Operation, Ulupinar Chieftaincy of Forestry Operation stand Map of the management Plan (covering 1991-2000 implementation years); (the portions where the dam axle exists, where conveyance channels, forebay pool exist, where penstock passes and the areas which will be covered with water are shown below. The trees that shall be removed from the area have been calculated according to worth and the amounts per hectare given in stand description tables of forest management plan. Since it is performed according to management Plan covering 1991-2000 implementation years and calculated according to average values and also due to illegal cutting down by the citizens there might be tree types and species differences in the amount given. The supplied values are not determined according to tree Building survey Plan. In order to be able to cut down the trees from the forested area which will be left under the reservoir, the specification shall be made by applying to chieftaincy of forestry operation and it shall be recorded. chieftaincy of forestry operation comes with its officers, issues planted tree record and determine the species of all of the trees that shall be cut down and measure their diameters (in order to calculate the worth) and seals the bottom of the trees. Cutting amount shall be extracted accordingly. Since it is a state forest, the forestry management shall take the trees that are cut down. Section Stand Descriptions Closure ratio (%) Area No type 30 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File 309 CBM Largely Disarranged - oak 1-10 3,47 310 CBM Largely Disarranged - oak 1-10 0,79 335 CBM Largely Disarranged - oak 1-10 2,70 338 CBC2 Largely Disarranged -Redwood 1-10 2,35 TOTAL 9,31 According to Adana Regional Directorate of Forestry, Yahyali Directorate of Forestry Operation, Burhaniye Chieftaincy of Forestry Operation stand map of the management plan (covering 2002-2011 implementation years); the portions where the dam axle exists, where conveyance channels, forebay pool exist, where penstock passes and the areas which will be covered with water are shown below. The trees that shall be removed from the area have been calculated according to worth and the amounts per hectare given in stand description tables of forest management plan. Since it is performed according to management Plan covering 2002-2011 implementation years and calculated according to average values and also due to illegal cutting down by the citizens there might be tree types and species differences in the amount given. The supplied values are not determined according to tree Building survey Plan. In order to be able to cut down the trees from the forested area which will be left under the reservoir, the specification shall be made by applying to chieftaincy of forestry operation and it shall be recorded. chieftaincy of forestry operation comes with its officers, issues planted tree record and determine the species of all of the trees that shall be cut down and measure their diameters (in order to calculate the worth) and seals the bottom of the trees. Cutting amount shall be extracted accordingly. Since it is a state forest, the forestry management shall take the trees that are cut down. Stand Types that shall be covered by the Reservoir Section Stand Descriptions Closure ratio (%) Area No type 177 BKBt Disarranged-mixed- coppice forest 1-10 2,80 178 BKBt Disarranged-mixed- coppice forest 1-10 2,24 180 BKBt Disarranged-mixed- coppice forest 1-10 0,87 195 BKBt Disarranged-mixed- coppice forest 1-10 5,60 207 BKBt Disarranged-mixed- coppice forest 1-10 0,99 206 BKBt Disarranged-mixed- coppice forest 1-10 9,31 From Burhaniye Chieftaincy of Forestry Operation TOTAL 21,81 282 CBM Largely Disarranged - oak 1-10 1,48 283 CBM Largely Disarranged - oak 1-10 2,41 284 CBM Largely Disarranged - oak 1-10 7,24 309 CBM Largely Disarranged - oak 1-10 3,72 From Ulupinar Chieftaincy of Forestry Operation TOTAL 14,85 TOTAL AREA COVERED BY THE RESERVOIR 36,66 Species, amount and worth of the trees that shall be cut down; 31 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Species, amount and worth of the trees that shall be cut down inside the boundaries of Ulupinar Operation Chieftancy; Section No Stand Tree species Per hectare Inside the area that shall be used Type Amou Worth m3 Area Ha Amount Worth m3 nt 309 CBM Oak 30 10 3,47 104 34,700 310 CBM Oak 30 10 0,79 24 7.900 338 CBCZ Redwood 50 20 2,35 117 47,000 TOTAL 6,61 245 92,600 245 trees shall be cut down in 6,61 hectares of Largely Disarranged areas and 92,6 m3 worth shall be obtained. On the other hand, 445 trees shall be cut down in 14,85 hectares of areas covered by the reservoir and 148 m3 worth shall be obtained. Only 250 stere wood shall be extracted from 21,81 hectares of disarranged mixed coppice forests. Tree species, amount and worth that shall be cut down from efficient forests located in the boundaries of Burhaniye Chieftaincy of Forest Operations Section Stand Tree Per hectare In the used area No Type Species Amount Worth m3 Area Ha Amount Worth m3 272 Czcd2 Redwood 271 189,412 0,41 111 77,659 Black pine 11 5,464 5 2,240 Total 182 194,876 0,41 116 79,899 No worth shall be obtained from 41,12 Ha disarranged mixed coppice forest, no extra closure or worth shall be obtained from 17,25 Ha Cza (redwood in its youth), the obtainable worth shall be determined after cutting of previous years. From 4,41 hectares of old redwood moor 116 trees shall be cut down and 80 m3 worth shall be extracted. 32 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File c) Waste production amount (solid, liquid, gas etc.) and chemical, physical and vegetable properties of the wastes c.1) Excavation waste There might be changes in the topographic structure of the existing land due to the operations undertaken during construction of the project such as excavation, backfill, leveling, material removal – disposal, road opening or improvement. Table 5. Amounts of the excavation, backfill performed in the construction of Camlica III Dam and HEPP and the required construction material Sequence Location Excavation with Excavation without No blasting (m3) blasting (m3) 1 Derivation channel excavation and 68.000 33.000 cofferdam scrape excavation 2 Dam body 40.000 105.000 4 Spillway and water intake structure 7.600 30.400 5 Penstock and its supports 6.110 4.210 6 Conduit 19.500 13.010 7 Forebay chamber + penstock 48.000 72.000 8 Conveyance channel - 17.000 9 Conveyance tunnel 2500 - TOTAL 191.710 274.620 GROSS TOTAL 466.330 As it can be observed in Table 5 the excavated material produced in the construction of Camlica III Dam and HEPP will be 466.330 m3. The backfill requirement in the scope of the project is 575.500 m3. Of the backfill requirement in the scope of the project, 249 000 m3 shall be met from the excavation while the remaining amount shall be bought from existing enterprises located nearby. In the scope of the project 217.330 m3 excavation waste shall be stored in waste disposal area. Amount of excavated material : Amount of excavated material (without blasting) : 274.620 m3 x 1,6 tons/m3 = 439.392 tons 3 (the density of the earth is taken as 1,6 tons/m ) 33 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Amount of excavated material (with blasting) : 191.710 m3 x 2,5 tons/m3 = 479.275 tons 3 (the density of the earth is taken as 2,5 tons/m ) For the unused excess excavation material a waste disposal area is considered inside the project area. This area is shown on the map given in the report appendix (See Appendix-1). Waste disposal areas are forested lands and necessary permission shall be acquired from Directorate of Forestry Management. Special care shall be taken to store vegetable soil separate from excavation material and to re-use it in renovation works of the area once the construction has been completed. Under no circumstances shall the excess material from excavation be disposed to brook beds. In natural material quarries used in the scope of the project 20 % of the production shall be stored as excavation waste in the quarry site. “Excavation soil, Construction and Ruin Wastes Control Regulation” which came into force after being published in 18.03.2004 dated and 25406 numbered Official Gazette, shall be followed. c.2) Wastewater • Wastewaters with domestic quality In the scope of the project, there shall be wastewater with domestic qualities originating from the personnel employed. Daily water consumption amounts of the personnel and the wastewater produced accordingly is calculated and given below. 75 persons shall be employed in the construction phase of the project. Information about the water consumption of the personnel and the production of waste water is given below. 34 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Number of the personnel employed : 75 persons Daily consumption per person : 150 lt person/day Daily water consumption : 11.25 m3/day The amount of the wastewater produced : 11.25 m3/day (It is assumed that the whole amount of water shall turn into wastewater.) A sealed cesspool shall be constructed in the construction site for the domestic wastewaters produced by the workers employed in the construction phase. Sealed cesspool shall be emptied by the nearest Municipality which owns a sewage truck in predetermined intervals and the cost shall be paid to the municipality. • Wastewater produced in Operation phase: A total of 15 personnel shall be employed in the operation phase of the project. Some of the personnel shall stay in near-by residential areas and for some of the personnel a lodgment shall be constructed near HEPP. Wastewaters with domestic quality originating from HEPP building and lodgment shall be gathered with a sewage system and connected to a sealed cesspool which shall be constructed near the lodgment. The plan of the cesspool is given in the report appendix (See Appendix-5).wastewaters accumulating in the cesspool shall be emptied by the nearest Municipality which owns a sewage truck and the cost shall be paid to the municipality. Information about the water consumption of the personnel and the production of waste water is given below. Number of the personnel employed : 15 persons Daily consumption per person : 150 lt person/day Daily water consumption : 2.25 m3/day The amount of the wastewater produced : 2.25 m3/day (It is assumed that the whole amount of water shall turn into wastewater.) Water pollution regulations shall be followed in both construction and operation phases. c.3) Solid Waste The solid waste in the scope of the project consists of solid waste with domestic quality produced by the employed personnel as well as the waste due to construction works 35 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File (paper, plastic, iron etc.). In case the produced wastes can be recycled, these wastes shall be stored separately from the wastes with domestic quality and they shall be delivered to licensed organizations and, thus, recycled. In the Construction Phase; Number of the personnel employed : 75 persons Daily solid waste production per person : 1,34 kg/day (TUIK) Total solid waste production on a day : 100,5 kg/day In the Operation Phase; Number of the personnel employed : 15 persons Daily solid waste production per person : 1,34 kg/day (TUIK) Total solid waste production on a day : 20,1 kg/day In compliance with “Solid Waste Control Regulation” which came into force after being published in 14.03.1991 dated and 20814 numbered Official Gazette, the produced solid wastes with domestic quality shall be stored in bags inside garbage bins with closing lids and they shall be left to a garbage bin serviced by the municipality. Under no circumstances shall solid wastes be left at places such as road sides, brook banks etc. The related verdicts of “Solid Waste Control Regulation” shall be followed in transportation, storage and elimination of solid wastes. c.4) Dust Emission The dust emission sources included in the construction phase of the project are given below individually; in operation phase no operation causing dust emission shall be performed. There shall be dust emission during blasting, removal, loading-unloading, crushing-sifting and transportation of the materials performed during the construction phase. ; c.4.1-) Construction site dust emission sources (Dam, HEPP, conveyance channel, conveyance tunnel) ƒ Removal 36 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File ƒ Loading-Unloading ƒ Transportation ; c.4.4-) Impermeable (Clay) material site dust emission sources; since clay is a moist and dense material, the dust emitted during removal and loading is neglected. The dust that will be emitted during the transportation of the clay to the construction site is considered. ƒ Transportation ; c.4.5-) Dust emission sources caused by crushing-sifting facilities Dust emissions caused by all of the above mentioned operations have been calculated using the data given below, which is obtained from separate literature and assessed according to “Regulation on Controlling the Quality of the Air Originating from Industrial facilities.” Emission Factors (EPA) obtained from the literature: Blasting emission factor : 0,080 kg/tons Removal emission factor : 0,025 kg/tons Loading emission factor : 0,010 kg/tons Movement of the vehicles (depart-return) : 0,7 kg/tons Unloading emission factor : 0,010 kg/tons Crusher Unit Emission Factors (EPA): Uncontrolled Controlled Primary crusher 0,243 kg/tons 0,0243 kg/tons Secondary crusher 0,585 kg/tons 0,0585 kg/tons Tertiary crusher 0,585 kg/tons 0,0585 kg/tons ; c.4.1-) Construction site dust emission sources (HEPP, weir, conveyance channel) The construction period of the project is 2 years. By making use of the literature, the dust emission caused by the loading, unloading and transportation of 918.667 tons of material during the construction period has been calculated below. The excavated material obtained during the excavation shall be loaded on the trucks directly and some portion shall be used 37 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File during the construction while another portion shall be carried to areas where road rehabilitation shall be done. Hourly Excavated Material Amounts : ƒ Excavated material amount (earth excavation) = 439.392 tons Hourly production amount = 439.392 tons/20 months/30 days/10 hours =73,23 tons/hour ƒ Excavated material amount (Rock-With Blasting) = 479.275 tons Hourly production amount = 479.275 tons/20 months/30 days/10 hours =79,87 tons/hour Since all other operations should stop when blasting is performed, the transportation of the material obtained as a result of blasting has been calculated together with other operations. Dust emission produced has been calculated separately. ƒ Dust Emission Produced during Removal + Loading – Unloading Removal Emission Factor : 0,025 kg /tons (EPA) Dust Emission produced per hour : 0,025 kg /tons x 73,23 kg dust/hour = 1,83 kg/hour Loading and Unloading Emission Factor : 0,02 kg /tons (EPA) Total Dust Emission produced as a result of loading : 0,02 kg /tons x 73,23 kg dust/hour = 1,46 kg/hour ƒ Dust Emission Produced during transportation (dust emission caused by the transportation of the excavated material obtained from excavation with blasting and without blasting) Truck Transportation Capacity : 30 tons/trip Number of trips : (73,23+79,87) / 30 = 5,1 trip/hour Length of the trip : 6 km/trip (depart-return) (average distance to the waste disposal area is taken) 38 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Total length of the road traversed : 5,1 x 6 = 30, 6 kg/hour Transportation Emission Factor : 0,70 kg/km-vehicle (EPA) Total Dust emission produced as a result of : 30,6 x 0,70 = 21,42 kg/hour Transportation Total dust emission originating from Construction site: 1,83 kg/hour + 1,46 kg/hour + 21,42 kg/hour = 24,71kg dust/hour • Dust Emission Produced During Blasting: In the scope of the project, in total, 479.275 tons of material shall be taken from construction area with blasting. Maximum amount of material that shall be taken in one blasting: 4000 tons Blasting Emission Factor : 0,08 kg dust/tons (EPA) Total Emission produced : 4000 tons x 0,08 kg dust/tons = 320 kg dust/blasting Blasting shall cause an instantaneous dust formation. Since blasting is not a continuous operation, if it is assumed that blasting shall continue for 30 seconds, it is not deemed necessary to perform dust concentration distribution calculation. Because, reflecting high dust concentrations produced by a 30-sec operation as average emission for an hour will result in showing hourly averages much larger than they actually can be. Furthermore, there is no limit value in “Regulation on Controlling the Quality of the Air Originating from Industrial facilities” to compare emissions of instantaneous incidents such as blasting. In addition, since blasting shall be performed in closed area in the tunnel, the produced dust amount shall settle down in the same environment. ; c.4.4-) Impermeable (Clay) material site dust emission sources; Since clay is a moist and dense material, the dust emitted during removal and loading is neglected. The dust that will be emitted during the transportation of the clay to the construction site is considered. Hourly Production rate of Impermeable Borrow pit = 23,12 tons/hour ƒ Dust Emission Produced during transportation 39 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Truck Transportation Capacity : 30 tons/trip Number of trips : (23,12) / 30 = 0,77 trip/hour (this is taken as 1 since it is <1) Length of the trip : 8,4 km/trip (depart-return) (distance to the dam axle is taken) Total length of the road traversed : 1 x8,4 = 8,4 kg/hour Transportation Emission Factor : 0,70 kg/km-vehicle (EPA) Total Dust emission produced as a result of : 8,4 x 0,70 = 5,88 kg/hour Transportation ; c.4.5-) Dust emission sources caused by crushing-sifting facilities A pulverized dust suppression system (with water) shall be installed in the crushing-sifting facility before being fed into the conveyor. The top of the carriage bands shall be covered. By making used of the literature, the dust emission that shall be produced after taking these precautions has been calculated below. Hourly production amount of crushing-sifting facility: 84,88 tons/hour. The dust emission caused by the crusher unit in controller state is calculated below. a) Dust emission for primary crusher Emission Factor : 0,0243 kg/ton Dust Emission produced per hour : 0,0243 kg dust/ton x 84,88 ton/hour = 2,07 kg/hour b) Dust emission for secondary crusher Emission Factor : 0,0585 kg/ton Dust Emission produced per hour : 0,0585 kg dust/ton x 84,88 ton/hour = 4,97 kg/hour c) Dust emission for tertiary crusher 40 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Emission Factor : 0,0585 kg/ton Dust Emission produced per hour : 0,0585 kg dust/ton x 84,88 ton/hour = 4,97 kg/hour Total dust emission produced in crushing-sifting facility: 2,07 kg/hour + 4,97 kg/hour +4,97 kg/hour = 12,01 kg dust/hour (Controlled) In “Regulation on Controlling the Quality of the Air Originating from Industrial facilities” it is stipulated that when the total dust emission is above 1,5 kg/hour limit value given in regulation Appendix-2 “Air pollution Contribution values and Total Pollution Values composed of these values” shall be calculated. Since this value is exceeded in the calculations performed, dust distribution modeling has been performed. The dominant wind direction in the region blows from South to North. The dust and noise originating from the works undertaken during the construction will be distributed from south (S) to north (N) which is the direction of wind. • Description of Distribution Model Distribution calculations, the maximum annual average of Air Pollution Contribution Figures (APCF) have been calculated by using BREEZE AIR ISCST3 (Industrial Source Complex – Short Term 3) Model developed by USA EPA (USA Environment Protection agency) (Trinity Consultants, 1993) and approved by the same organization to be used in Environmental Evaluation Assessment studies in USA. ISCST3 model is one of the most developed computer models which can predict annual ground level concentrations by taking the highest annual average data as basis. In its entirety the model includes different distribution model calculations for various sources (point, area, line) from isolated chimneys to leakage polluters, furthermore it taken into incidents such as account aerodynamic waves, turbulence which may affect polluters leaving an arbitrary source. 41 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File The model operates on a network system defined by the user, the calculations are performed for corner points of each receiving media which constitute the network system. In addition to ground level concentrations, calculations are also performed for various elevations of the atmosphere. Pasquill stability class is used in distribution calculations. In the model there is an additional option to consider rugged terrain. ISCST3 model uses the following three different types of data mentioned below. 9 Average meteorological data set including parameters such as wind direction, wind speed, temperature, Pasquill stability class, mixing elevation, wind profile, temperature etc. 9 Source coordinates which are determined according to an initial point specified by the user, source height and source data including dust release discharge 9 Coordinates and height of every component defined as receiving media in the network system. According to the information received from General Directorate of Meteorological Works, the meteorological station which characterizes the project areas from meteorological point of view is Kayseri Meteorological Station. Data pertaining to this station have been used in dust distribution model. Meteorological data used in the model; 9 Dominant wind direction in the region blows from south to north. 9 Annual average wind speed is taken as 1,6 m/sec. 9 Average temperature is taken as 10,4oC. 9 Topographical heights of the project area and its surroundings have been supplied as input. (Due to the fact that Dam axle and HEPP building are far away from each other and there is a conveyance channel in between, they have been individually. 42 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Heights of the area including dam and channel and the heights of HEPP area are supplied separately. Since there is no meteorological data such as Pasquill stability class, mixing elevation etc., the average values given in the model have been assumed. 43 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File • Modeling Results 1. Dam area + Conveyance Channel Construction and dust emission model As it can be observed in distribution graph of the dust concentration distribution calculation the highest dust concentration value is 90,505 ug/m3 and is formed at (1250, 1500) point. This value is much less than 300 ug/m3 Short Term Limit Value given in Regulation on Protecting Air Quality. Due to the fact that the emission is at low levels and precautions shall be taken in the construction area (moistening of the area during the excavation, loading and unloading without swinging etc.) the dust formation shall be at minimum level. Furthermore, the dust concentration which will form during the channel excavation from dam construction until tunnel entrance has been calculated and weir construction as well as channel excavation shall not be performed simultaneously. The graph showing the dust concentration distribution obtained as a result of the modeling performed is given in Figure 6 while the model outputs are given in report appendix (See Appendix-9). 44 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Ye ilköy Neighborhood Çavdaru a Neighborhood Figure 6. Dam + conveyance channel Construction and dust distribution model 45 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File 2. HEPP + Conveyance Channel Construction and dust emission model As it can be observed in distribution graph of the dust concentration distribution calculation the highest dust concentration value is 133,89 ug/m3 and is formed at (1500, 2000) point. This value is much less than 300 ug/m3 Short Term Limit Value given in Regulation on Protecting Air Quality. Due to the fact that the emission is at low levels and precautions shall be taken in the construction area (moistening of the area during the excavation, loading and unloading without swinging etc.) the dust formation shall be at minimum level. Furthermore, the dust concentration which will form during the channel excavation from dam construction until tunnel entrance has been calculated and weir construction as well as channel excavation shall not be performed simultaneously. The graph showing the dust concentration distribution obtained as a result of the modeling performed is given in Figure 7 while the model outputs are given in report appendix (See Appendix-7). Figure 7. HEPP + conveyance channel Construction and dust distribution model 46 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File 3. Crushing-sifting facility dust emission model; As it can be observed in distribution graph of the dust concentration distribution calculation the highest dust concentration value is 229,61 ug/m3 and is formed at (1000, 1500) point. This value is much less than 300 ug/m3 Short Term Limit Value given in Regulation on Protecting Air Quality. Due to the fact that the emission is at low levels and precautions shall be taken in the construction area (moistening of the area during the excavation, loading and unloading without swinging etc.) the dust formation shall be at minimum level. Furthermore, the dust concentration which will form during the channel excavation from dam construction until tunnel entrance has been calculated and weir construction as well as channel excavation shall not be performed simultaneously. The graph showing the dust concentration distribution obtained as a result of the modeling performed is given in Figure 8 while the model outputs are given in report appendix (See Appendix-9). Figure 8. Crushing-sifting facilities dust distribution model 47 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File 4. Impermeable borrow pit dust emission model; As it can be observed in distribution graph of the dust concentration distribution calculation the highest dust concentration value is 44,011 ug/m3 and is formed at (1500, 1000) point. This value is much less than 300 ug/m3 Short Term Limit Value given in Regulation on Protecting Air Quality. Due to the fact that the emission is at low levels and precautions shall be taken in the construction area (moistening of the area during the excavation, loading and unloading without swinging etc.) the dust formation shall be at minimum level. Furthermore, the dust concentration which will form during the channel excavation from dam construction until tunnel entrance has been calculated and weir construction as well as channel excavation shall not be performed simultaneously. The graph showing the dust concentration distribution obtained as a result of the modeling performed is given in Figure 9 while the model outputs are given in report appendix (See Appendix-9). Figure 9. Impermeable borrow pit dust emission model 48 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File d) Accident risk which may be caused by the utilized technology and material There is a probability of work accidents caused by the use of machinery operated in the construction phase. During the works, all verdicts of the regulations pertaining to occupational health and safety shall be executed and necessary precautions shall be taken to minimize all accident and risks. At this stage in order to prevent all sorts of occupational accidents, warning signs shall be placed in the operation sites and personal protective equipment shall be given to the employees. Short breaks shall be taken between the working periods and thus the risk of work accidents which are caused by lack of concentration shall be prevented. The tools and equipments shall be selected from those which are compatible with the human anatomy and physiology and have ergonomic properties. Delayed action capsule with 30 milliseconds delay shall be used in blasting works and thus decreasing the explosive material used in one delay period (instantaneous charge) the levels of air and ground vibrations caused by the blasting shall be significantly reduced. The blasting shall be announced beforehand and no one shall be admitted to the blasting area. Labor Law and the related regulations shall be complied with. In Worker Health and Occupational Safety Charter; The related article of the regulation The precautions taken - In order to be protected from the Noise measurements shall be performed from hazardous effects of the noise worker health point of view and noise level shall not (Article 22 and 78) exceed 80 decibels. In case it does, suitable protective gears and equipments such as headgear, ear protectors or ear plugs shall be given to the workers. - In the section which deals with Personal protective gear and masks which are special precautions taken against suitable for the nature of the work and quality of the occupational sicknesses arising dust, shall be given to workers who work in dust with dusts (Article 76) emitting works. Since the region is sensitive to forest fires sprinkler shall be kept present in the project site against forest fires and fire extinguisher tools and equipments shall be placed in necessary places. 49 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File e) Precautions which shall be taken against possible environmental effects of the project Construction phase Type of waste Originating from How it is disposed of Liquid wastes with Following water use of the It shall be stored in the sealed cesspool domestic quality personnel constructed in the construction site. The cesspool shall be emptied by the nearest sewage truck owning Municipality and the cost shall be paid. Mixer washing waters Washing of the mixers Sedimentation pool shall be constructed and the produced in ready mixed clean water obtained by keeping in concrete plant sedimentation pool shall be taken and re-used in vehicle/site washing works. Solid wastes with The employed personnel The solid wastes with domestic quality shall be domestic quality stored in bags inside garbage bins with closing lids and they shall be left to a garbage bin serviced by the municipality. Wastes originating from Paper, iron, plastic etc. They shall be stored individually and given to construction works licensed companies which collect them for re- use. Dust emissions During construction The site shall be moistened in windy and dry excavations (construction site, weather conditions. Loading and unloading shall impermeable material area, be performed without swinging. The trucks shall crushing-sifting facilities, be covered with canvas during transportation. In concrete plant) order to minimize the dust formation, in the crushing-sifting facility the material shall be moistened with a pulverized system (system with water) before being fed into the conveyor . The top of the carriage bands shall be covered. The bunkers in concrete plant where dust formation may take place shall be covered. Filters shall be connected to cement silos. Vegetable soil In construction phase, firstly Following the completion of the construction, vegetable soil shall be during re-arrangement of HEPP surroundings, scraped off and stored inside vegetable soil shall be laid again and used for project area. landscaping purposes. Excavation waste From excavations performed Some portion shall be used in project during construction construction. A waste disposal area has been determined for the portions that are not used. Oil wastes Oil changes of construction In accordance with the Waste Oil Control machines Regulation, they shall be delivered to recycling facilities or producer. Operation phase Type of waste Originating from How it is disposed of Liquid wastes Liquid wastes with domestic 2 meshed sealed cesspools shall be constructed quality originating from and the water stored in this cesspool shall be sewage located in HEPP emptied by the nearest sewage truck owning building and lodgment Municipality and the cost shall be paid. Solid wastes with From the employed personnel They shall be kept in garbage bins with closing domestic quality lids and left in garbage containers which are serviced daily by the Municipality. 50 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File ¾ Noise; Noise resources pertaining to the works undertaken in the scope of the project are listed below; • Operation of construction machines Noise resources of impermeable borrow pit • Operation of construction machines Noise sources in the construction site • Crushing-sifting facility • Concrete plant For natural construction material quarries, in accordance with “Regulation on Evaluation of environmental noise and Control”, an acoustic report has been prepared and given in report appendix (See Appendix-10). In addition, the noise produced by the activity of the construction machines in the construction site has been calculated and given in report appendix (see Appendix-10). As a result of the calculations performed, the produced noise is below the limit level stipulated by the Regulation on Evaluation of environmental noise and Control. ¾ Vibration In the scope of the project, blasting shall be performed in the conveyance tunnel and construction site (where firm rock is encountered). Additionally, in order to receive the material that will be used in the construction, blasting shall be performed in rock quarry. ™ Vibration caused by the blasting performed in construction area and conveyance tunnel 51 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File The blasting undertaken in the construction site shall continue for 2 months and blasting shall be performed twice in a dayIn each blasting 5 kg dynamite and 45 kg ANFO shall be used. In each blasting, approximately 4000 tons of material shall be taken. The blasting shall be realized by placing ANFO and capsule into a total of 10 holes which are 3 m deep and drilled 3 meters apart. Calculation of the amount of the material received in one blasting; The amount of dynamite used in one blasting : 5kg The amount of ANFO used in one blasting : 45kg The amount of dynamite used per hole : 0,5kg The amount of the material received in one blasting : 4000 tons Vibration Calculation; The vibration appearing as a result of the blasting is calculated from the relationship given below. (CLZIA, 1969) Impact effect zone : D<5v W Middle Impact effect zone : 5v W<D<10v W Light Impact effect zone : 10v W<D<15v W D= Effective zone separation (m) W= Amount of dynamite thrown in one delay period = Instantaneous charge (kg) Vibration calculations have been performed by taking maximum instantaneous charge into account. Maximum instantaneous charge used in blasting: 100 kg (for 2 holes) Impact effect zone : 0-39,4 m Middle Impact effect zone : 39,4-78,7 m Light Impact effect zone : 78,7-118,1 m The effect of the vibration caused by blasting is determined with Devine relationship (Devine et al., 1966). V=k(D/v W)-1,6 (Devine relationship) V: Vibration speed traversing in the rock (inch/sec) k : Coefficient which depends on the rock type (26-260) D: Effective distance between blasting point and surrounding residential areas (feet) (1340 m ~ 4396 feet) W: amount of explosives in one delay period (lbs) (100 kg ~ 328,09 lbs) 52 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Conversions; 1 feet = 0,3048 m; 1 lbs = 0,4536 kg; 1 inch= 25,4 mm The coefficient ‘k’ is taken as the rock’s capacity to conduct the vibration. The varying nature of the units between the blasting source and the sensitive point, the density of discontinuities such as crack, fault, and fissure affect the coefficient k. When the coefficient approaches 260 in homogenous units, concentration of tectonic effects and each different unit traversed cause the coefficient converge to 26. In calculations the coefficient k is taken as an average 200. In the blasts, the buildings in Alaysa highland village which is 1340 m away from the blasting area are taken as the closest structures. 53 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Table 6. Vibration speed values according to the distance (W=101 kg) Vo (mm/sec) k (constant) D (meters) W (kg) V (mm/sec) 1/2 V (mm/sec) 1/5 V (mm/sec) 200 10 100 1440,4 720,2 288,1 200 20 100 474,9 237,5 95,0 200 30 100 248,3 124,1 49,7 200 40 100 156,7 78,3 31,3 200 50 100 109,6 54,8 21,9 200 100 100 36,2 18,1 7,2 200 150 100 18,9 9,5 3,8 200 250 100 8,3 4,2 1,7 200 378 100 4,3 2,2 0,9 200 630 100 1,9 1,0 0,4 200 650 100 1,8 0,9 0,4 200 905 100 1,1 0,5 0,2 200 1000 100 0,9 0,5 0,2 200 1500 100 0,5 0,2 0,1 200 2000 100 0,3 0,1 0,1 200 3000 100 0,2 0,1 0,0 V= mm/sec vibration speed which varies according to the distance Vo= vibration speed at the foundation of the building 1/2 – 1/5 of in-rock vibration speed (V) is assumed to be Vo. (Forssbland, 1981) Table 7. Building types which might be damaged by blasting due to building foundation vibration speed (Vo) values Building type Vo (mm/sec) a- very old historical buildings which are bound to be demolished 2 b- Plastered, Bracket, adobe, mass brick houses 5 c- Reinforced concrete buildings 10 d- Very strong industrial buildings such as Factories 10-40 As a result of the calculations it is estimated that 250 m after the blasting the vibration value given, 5 mm/sec, in Regulation on Environmental noise Control and Management Article 29 (Table 9) shall be met. The most sensitive buildings in the region are of the type b and it is required that Vo speed does not exceed 5 mm/sec. According to the performed calculations Vo speed remains under 5 mm/sec after 250 meters. The buildings closest to the blasting area and the vibrations that will be felt are given below; Blasting Location The nearest residential area and the distance Vibration felt as a result of blasting HEPP site 905 m, Balcicakiri 0,5 Tunnel 630 m, Cavdarusagi 1 Channel 378 m, Cavdarusagi 2,2 Dam axle 650 m, Cavdarusagi 0,9 54 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File As it can be extracted from the table given above, the vibration caused by the blasting in the construction area turned out to be very small that it cannot be felt in the nearest residential area. However, in case damage is inflicted on the structures in the region due to blasting, the whole damage and loss shall be paid. ¾ Effects on Land ecosystem and The precautions that shall be taken The major vegetation that shall be removed to realize the activities in the scope of Camlica III project is the flora species in reservoir area and power plant site. Additionally, permission-altitude right shall be obtained from related Regional Directorates of Forestry for the trees that shall be cut down. Land fauna species may temporarily leave the site due to the noise levels caused during the construction activities and works performed in material quarries. However, the mammal and bird species that are expected to be affected from the created noise level have alternative habitats near the project site. Furthermore, after the reservoir is put into operation, as a result of the increase in water surface area, new species of living things shall area at the site and this shall constitute positive effect for the fauna. Reservoir formation shall cause many species of birds to migrate the area and there shall be feeding environment for the birds as there shall grow a rich phyto and zooplankton environment. These expected effects on the land ecosystem are the natural effects of the formation of the reservoir. It is not possible to prevent them. A new ecosystem shall be formed and the species living nearby shall adapt in time. However, since the reservoir is small-scaled the mentioned effects shall also be small scaled. ¾ Effects on Aquatic ecosystem and The precautions that shall be taken Construction works shall be undertaken during periods when Zamanti River has low discharge. This operation would, also, provide easy and economical derivation operation. During all kinds of operations performed in the river bed, all articles in “Water pollution control Regulation” shall be followed. With the formation of the reservoir, the biological life upstream and downstream changes rapidly. The artifacts of the rotten organism which are left under water results in an excess food supply in a short period of time. With the help of stable stratification occurring through the depth of the reservoir an anaerobic disintegration environment will arise and with the appearance of gases such as sulphur, hydrogen etc. a foul smelling, dark colored lake forms. Following this, due to increasing nutrition material in the water a phytoplankton explosion is observed. In addition to these plants which cover the water surface as large green-black colored masses, macro flora with floating-appearance may develop on the water surface. These developments may be hazardous to the life of the reservoir. Furthermore, they may damage the dam structure. The forming macro flora abets disease 55 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File vectors (cistona vector snail, mosquito larvas). In order to prevent these, reservoir site cleaning shall be performed before accumulating water in the dam. In this cleaning, trees shall be cut down and removed from the site while plants such as bushes shall be left so that they constitute egg-laying environment for the fish in the future. The water accumulated in the reservoir shall be conveyed to Camlica III HEPP with 3km- long conveyance conduit which has energy purpose. In cases when the water is conveyed to powerhouse with conveyance tunnel, the decrease of the water level in the river bed due to the redirection of the river with a tunnel is especially effective on the aquatic living beings. At the operation phase of the project, for approximately 3 km portion of the river bed located between dam location and power plant location, considering operation works of the project water shall be constantly released to river bed with dry period discharge amount. In our country, fish species present in the streams cover the species which are wide-spread and generally, able to adapt reservoir ecosystem. These species which are expected to grow in numbers after the formation of the reservoir will contribute to the development of fishery in the region. For this reason, no negative effect is expected on the fish species due to dam construction. Besides, a fish passage shall be constructed. In this manner, it shall be made possible that the fish living in Zamanti river will be able to migrate upstream and downstream. This concept is important for survival of these fish. ¾ Fish passage Water structures such as dam, hydroelectric power plants, weir which are constructed to develop and make use of earth and water resources in order to meet the needs of the population in parallel with the growing population in our country as well as the world, alter the natural flow of the water and cause population number of the existing fish species to decrease and even some species to become extinct (Cows and Welcome, 1998). In order to meet the food need which is growing in parallel with population growth, it is inevitable to take some initiatives. However, while trying to increase these, it is important to pay attention that other structures are not affects and necessary precautions shall be taken in this direction. According to the 8th article of Water Products Regulation which was published by ministry of Agriculture and Rural Works in 10 March 1995 dated and 22223 numbered official gazette, it is mentioned to be obligatory that at the beginning of all kinds of channels and arch which are used from water products production places such as natural lake, reservoir, pond and stream for irrigation or other purposes, a suitable grill or cage shall be placed, suitable fish passage, lifts or fish screens shall be constructed. Fish passages are defined as water ways which are constructed not to obstruct the migration of fish which may be performed to protect the habitats or feeding and reproduction purposes and thus, assist the survival of the fish, provide the upstream and downstream motion of fish living in the streams where natural flow regime is interrupted (Bekisoglu et. al., 1987). Before planning the fish passage projects criteria such as fish 56 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File species and their swimming speeds, sizes of the fish, migration season of the fish, and annual flow rate of the streams shall be taken into account. For example, the regular speed calculated for Cyprinidae is 45 cm/sec, bearing speed is 60 cm/sec while instantaneous speed is 250 cm/sec (Bekisoglu et. al., 1987). Fish move less in lower speeds. In addition to that, they have intuitive reaction to swim against the flow in streams which flow faster than the normal speed. The fish entering fish passage entrance structure enter by swimming against the water flow direction. The water speed fish require while entering the passage shall be more than their own speed and less than their instantaneous speeds. This point is taken into account in planning period. Fish entrance structure and water outlet structure where fish enter the passage are end structures located in the lowest elevation and some portion of this structure shall be submerged in the water. With the purpose of facilitating fish’s entrance it shall be ensured that the water flow speed is low and the turbulence is low. Although the length, width and depth of the fish passage pools which are located throughout the fish passage and separated with separation walls vary according to fish species, fish passage type, speed and the discharge of the water, in general it is recommended that they are built with 1,20-3,00 m height, 0,80-1,50 m width and 0,60- 1,20m depth. At the exit which is located at the highest point of fish passage and at the end of the fish passage there might be one or more gates. According to the water level upstream, gates shall be constructed in various elevations (Bekisoglu et. al., 1987). The fish passage that is proposed for the construction in Camlica III Dam is of staircase type and step height is calculated to be 75 cm, its width as 100 cm, minimum water level as 30cm and slope as 40%. It is considered that the fish passage having these characteristics is suitable and sufficient to sustain the survival of fish species living in the area. In order to sustain the continuity of the fish species in Zamanti river, a fish passage having the above mentioned qualities shall be constructed. Resources Bekisoglu, S., Safak, N., Aksu, S., Altindag, N., 1987; Balik Gecitleri (Fish Passages), Ministry of Public Works and Settlement General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works Cows, I.G. & Welcomme, R. L., 1998; Rehabilitation of Rivers for Fish, Fishing New Books, FAO. ¾ Fire and other Ecosystem Threats Sufficient amount of fire extinguishers shall be present in the facility units against any fire threat that may appear in construction and operation phases. During all activities performed in the project location the articles of “Charter on Worker health and occupation Safety in construction works” which is published in 12.09.1974 dated and 15004 numbered Official Gazette shall be followed. Hydroelectric power plants are one of the activities that affect the environment and people the least. Since they are the cleanest energy resource they do not constitute any emission that may pollute the environment. After converting potential energy of the water source to electrical energy, the identical flow continues without any pollution. The dangerous units of 57 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File the hydroelectric power plants for human life are switchyard, high voltage line and transformers. For this reason, these units shall be protected with high fences and warning signs shall be placed. The noise produced during the construction is temporary and shall end with the completion of the construction. There shall be no noise during operation phase. Necessary precautions shall be taken for solid waste and wastewaters. The project is an important project which is undertaken to meet the energy deficit of turkey. As it is known, hydroelectric power plants are the cleanest systems for energy generation purposes. They do not harm the environments in operation phase. The damages caused in the construction phase are temporary, necessary precautions shall be taken and these damages shall cease to exist after the completion of the project. Project shall vitalize the economic and social structure of the region. In conclusion, the project is a beneficial project and it will not have negative effects on physical, biological and social environment. 58 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File 2. PROJECT LOCATION a) Existing land use and quality (agricultural land, forested land, planned land ,water surface etc.) Camlica III Dam and HEPP project, the investment of which is planned by Camlica Elektrik Uretim A.S.. is located on Zamanti River in Yahyali District of Kayseri Province. Site location maps are given in Figure 10. Topographical maps including the project site are M34 b2 – M34 b3 – M35 a1 – M35 a4. The distance of Camlica III dam location is 45 km to Yahyali district, 125 km to Nigde and 150 km to Kayseri. The dam location is connected to Yahyali district with asphalt highway. Project location is shown in; € 1/25000 scaled topographical map (See Appendix-1) € 1/25000 scaled land use map (See Appendix-2) € 1/25000 scaled forest stand map (See Appendix-3) The project site is located on Zamanti river in Upper Seyhan basin which is on the boundary between Inner Anatolia Region and Mediterranean Region. The location of Camlica III Dam is 370 53’ 22” Northern Parallels and 350 30’ 26” Eastern Longitude. The power plant location is 3.5 km South of Dam location where Asar Brook flows into Zamanti river, on 370 51’ 40” Northern Parallels and 350 29’ 50” Eastern Longitudes. The precipitation area has a rugged terrain in terms of ground formations. Middle Taurus Mountain Chains extend in Southwest-Northeast direction and thus form the major heights in the region. The project location is limited Kulmac Mountains in the North which has Cifte tepe (1881) and Karaca Hill (2079) altitudes. Tahtali Mountains are located on the Eastern boundary of the area. The major altitudes of Tahtafirlatan Mountains are Goltepe (2719), Beydagi (3075), Bakirdagi (2727), Tahtafirlatan Mountain (2495), Sicimin Mountain (2259). In the South Sinekli Hill (1618), Yuvarlak Hill (1366), Buyukbelen Hill (1316), Gavur Highlands (1605), Tastekne Hill (1869), Ceviz Mountain (2204), Alagol Mountain (3333) are located. Bocuklu Hill (1709), Kurmaz Mountain (2002) altitudes as well as Erciyes Mountain (3917) which rises just beside the plains that do not exceed 1000-1500 meters and Develi Mountains (2074) extend on the west. The most significant one of the plains in the basin is Uzunyayla which is one of the widest plains in the Anatolia. It extends to the north of the project site and to the East of Kayseri province at about 1600 elevation. 59 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File The most important streams of the precipitation area are Zamanti river and its tributaries. The source of Zamanti river is the fountains on the southern slopes of Karaca Hill which is located in north. It flows in a southward direction and is fed by tributaries coming from left and right. Its length to Camlica III Dam is 254 km. Coordinates; In order to meet the needs of the employees, a construction site shall be constructed 1050 m northeast of the dam axle. In the construction site, a crushing-sifting facility and a concrete plant nearby shall be constructed for use during the construction. The coordinates of the borrow pit and the waste disposal area are; Impermeable Material Area (Balcicakiri)/(2,6 ha)/(M34-b3) Point No X Y 1 719368 4192386 2 719507 4192395 3 719528 4192380 4 719518 4192359 5 719479 4192328 6 719484 4192291 7 719478 4192251 8 719465 4192227 9 719446 4192229 10 719412 4192289 11 719350 4192365 60 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File WASTE DISPOSAL AREA Point No EAST NORTH 1 720875.66 4197778.52 2 720953.30 4197818.29 3 721008.22 4197836.28 4 721060.30 4197813.55 5 721096.28 4197768.10 6 721100.07 4197702.77 7 721082.08 4197671.52 8 721030.95 4197638.38 9 720972.24 4197612.81 10 720912.59 4197602.40 11 720818.85 4197606.19 12 720779.08 4197613.76 13 720761.09 4197650.69 14 720774.34 4197700.87 15 720820.74 4197743.48 16 720875.66 4197778.52 AREA: 54.782.32 m2 Land Use State; There is no agricultural land in the area of dam and energy water line. However, a small water mill, several fruit trees and a piece of land which is developed as a terrace, can be cultivated and has an area of 20 decares exist where power house and switchyard shall be located. Large portion of the project location is forested land. Expropriation works are in progress for the project area. According to expropriation works, 114680 m2 is private property while 613550 m2 of the project area is classified as forested land. Expropriation works shall be finalized before the construction works commence. There is no residential area which will be covered by the reservoir. For the unused portions of the excavated material obtained from project’s construction 1 waste disposal area is planned (See Appendix-1). 61 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Figure 10. Site Location Map 62 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Properties of the Social and Economic Environment Camlica III Dam site is located 3 km South of Asagidelialiusagi Neighborhood of Delialiusagi Village which is in Yahyali District of Kayseri Province. 19 villages of varying sizes exist in the basin. According to 1955 population census 5350, according to 1980 population census 10960, according to 2000 population census 10650 people live in this region. Central population of Yahyali district is 22 665 according to 2000 population census while the population of villages is 20 538 and the total population is 43 203. Annual population growth is 10,52 in a thousand in the city center , -14.09 in a thousand in the villages which constitutes a population loss of -1.93 in a thousand each year. Population density is low due to rugged nature of the region. Although the education level of the people living in the basin is not high, they are interested in studying and education. 1 high school and 4 schools that are equivalent to high school are present in Yahyali district. Number of primary schools is 9 in district center and 31 in villages. Higher education institution of Kayseri Province is Erciyes University. In Kayseri province health services are provided in institutions pertaining to Ministry of health, in institutions pertaining to General Directorate of Social Insurance Institution, in Erciyes University, in private health institutions and military hospitals. A 50-bed hospital, 5 health clinics and 8 health houses are present in Yahyali district. Health services are insufficient in the basin area both from qualitative and quantitative perspectives. There are health institutions in Pinarbasi and Tomarza districts. When transportation is also considered, the closest health center is Yahyali District which is outside of the basin. Camlica III Dam location and HEPP surroundings are located in narrow and deep valley of Zamanti river. Livestock farming is performed in the settled villages of this section. There is no industrial facility in the project area. Being one of the oldest activities, the carpet business still continues in the region. Hand-made rugs are woven in villages located nearby. There is no significant commercial activity in the project area. However, Transportation due to Apple Harvesting, Livestock farming and Mining constitutes the major economic activity. Mining transportation has developed as a locomotive sector. Underground treasures are very rich in the precipitation area of the project and its surroundings. Attepe Iron Mine, which is the second largest iron mine of Turkey after Divrigi 63 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File with is 40 million ton reserves, is 14 km away, air-distance, from Camlica III Dam Site. Annually 1.5 million tons of iron ore is extracted from ore bed. Close to Attepe mine there are Aksu, Magara, Beli, Elmadag, Karakuz Olugu, Kizil Mentes iron quarries. Furthermore, in close surroundings of the project site, chrome is extracted in Pinarbasi- Central district as well as localities of Buyukkarimoklu, Kilicahmet, Demircili and Yahyali district Karakoy, Delialiusagi villages while iron ore is extracted in Yahyali-Karakoy. Lead and zinc mines are under operation in Yahyali-Tashan; Develi-Kalekoy, Havadan and Aysepinar localities. There is a coal ore which is in operation on Yahyali-Delialiusagi. Of these minerals, zinc is transported to Cinkur facilities near Kayseri, iron ore is transported to Eregli, Iskenderun, Karabuk Iron and Steel facilities while coal is transported to Kayseri, Adana and Iskenderun. In the project area, winters are cold and with snow fall while summers are hot and dry. Features of continental climate are dominant. Aboveground waters Aboveground water source of the project area is Zamanti river. Ozdere which originates from the springs located on the southern slopes of 2070 m-high Karaca Hill flows towards south in Uzunyayla. Facing west near Methiye village of Pinarbasi District Ozdere passes through the foothills of 1683m-high Aktepe and in Kazancik village which is approximately located in the center of Uzunyayla it merges with Incidere, which originates from Cifte Hill (1881) located on the northwest boundary of Upper Seyhan Basin and flows towards south, and from that point on the stream is called Yilanli Brook. Near Kazancik Village Seyhan Brook which originates from springs located at the northeastern tip of the precipitation area and merges with Yilanli Brook. While flowing towards southwest, Yilanli Brook meets with Erikciler Brook from left side near Tahtakopru Village. Then it faces towards south and meets with Kanli Brook merging from right and then it is called Zamanti River. After this point, Zamanti continues its southward flow through the valleys between Aygormez mountains which are an extension of Middle Taurus Mountains and meets with Ozdere which is formed by the confluence of small stream tributaries originating from slopes of Kireclik and Keci mountains and face towards southwest. 64 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Flowing for 85 km along southern foothills of Aygormez Mountains, in this section Zamanti receives confluence of small side brooks which originate from Soganli and Kireclik Mountains that form the chain of Tahtali Mountains from the left bank and small side brooks originating from southern slopes of Aygormez Mountains from right bank. In this section, the most significant side-brook emptying into Zamanti from right bank is Sivgin Brook. 15 km upstream of the point of confluence of Sivgin brook, Sicanlikuyu brook flows into Zamanti and at the south side of Bostanlik Bridge located 20 km downstream of the same point Bercin Brook empties into it. Zamanti leaves Aygormez Mountains at Bercin-Zamanti confluence point and its name is changed from Zamanti creek into Zamanti river. In the plain section which expands in 60 km portion between Bostanlik and Aysepinar villages around Tomarza district to the west side of the project area Zamanti continues its flow first towards southwest and then towards south. After Koseler village of Develi District Zamanti faces towards west and Cat and Sarnaz brooks originating from northern slopes of Tahtali Mountains flow into Zamanti from left bank. • Geology and Seismicity 1- General Geology In the working area and its surroundings, there are geological units pertaining to upper Mesozoic and Cenozoic systems. Stratigraphic foundation of the project site and its surroundings is formed by Trias-aged Kucuksu formation (Trk). On top of this unit, in a disharmonious manner Jura-Lower Cretaceous aged Divrikdagi Formation (Jkd) is located. And on top of this, in a harmonious manner Lower Jura-Upper Cretaceous aged Koroglu Formation (JKrk) is located. On top of this unit Upper Cretaceous aged Mixed Sequence (Krm) comes in a disharmonious manner. Ophiolite (Krof) which is also called Aladag Group that is settled down in the region in Upper Cretaceous system with thrusting. In Cenozoic young sedimentations which are formed by Quaternary aged terrace (Qtv), alluvium (Qal) and slope gravel (Qy) are present. These young sedimentations cover the old units with angular disharmony. 1.1- Stratigraphic Geology In the working area and its surroundings, there are geological units pertaining to upper Mesozoic and Cenozoic systems. General geology map and geological sections are given in report appendix (Appendix-4). Stratigraphic foundation of the project site and its surroundings is formed by Trias-aged Kucuksu formation (Trk). On top of this unit, in a disharmonious manner Jura-Lower Cretaceous aged Divrikdagi Formation (Jkd) is located. And on top of this, in a harmonious manner Lower Jura-Upper Cretaceous aged Koroglu Formation (JKrk) is located. On top of this unit Upper Cretaceous aged Mixed Sequence (Krm) comes in a disharmonious manner. Ophiolite (Krof) which is also called Aladag Group that is settled down in the region in Upper Cretaceous system with thrusting. In Cenozoic young sedimentations which are formed by Quaternary aged terrace (Qtv), alluvium (Qal) and slope gravel (Qy) are present. These young sedimentations cover the 65 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File old units with angular disharmony. The generalized stratigraphic section of the project site and its surroundings is given in Figure 11. 66 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File SYMBOL OF THE THICKNESS (M) FORMATION NAME AND SYSTEM UPPER CONTACT SYSTEM SEQUENCE ROCK TYPE DESCRIPTION RELATIONSHIP sedimentations (Qtv, Qal, Qy) Qy – slope gravel Young Cenozoic Quaternary Qal – alluvium Qtr-terrace Upper DISHARMONIOUS Ophiloite (Krof) Krof: Pendotite, fertilizer, hardourgite, dounite, serpentite TECTONIC Mixed Sequence (Krm) CRETACEOUS Krm: melange, at the bottom sandstone, siltstone, in the middle olistrotom level and at the top mixed stack DISHARMONIOUS MESOZOIC 600-700 Koroglu Jkrk: Limestone, dolomite (JKrk) HARMONIOUS Lower ~600m Divrikdag Jkd. Limestone, bauxite (Jkd) orification at the bottom JURA Lower DISHARMONY Trk. Shale, morn, clayed TRIAS <250 Kucuksu limestone, goblic (Trk) limestone Figure 11. Generalized startigraphic section of the project site and its surroundings 67 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File 1.1.1 Mesozoic Kucuksu Formation (Trk): This unit surfaces at the base of Zamanti river, in the south of operation area. In previous studies it is determined that this unit is Trias-aged. This formation is located at stratigraphic foundation in the operation area and its surroundings. The formation is represented with shale, marl, clayed limestone. The lower levels of the unit include oolitic limestone. Mid-bands with conglomeratic limestone are frequently encountered in the formation. The unit has typical multicolored nature which includes gray, yellow, green, purple, maroon. In general it has strata with thin-intermediate thickness. Strata direction varies with short intervals. Unit has settled in marine environment. The contact with the Divrikdagi formation placed on the unit is formed by disharmony. Divrikdagi Formation (Jkd): This unit surfaces in the south of operation area. In previous studies it is determined that this unit is Jura-Cretaceous aged and stratigraphic thickness is 600 m. The formation is composed of limestone and has gray color. In general the unit is very stiff and has good-very good strength. It has massive and thick strata. Strata direction varies with short intervals. Unit cracks developed in three directions. The crack gaps are in general filled with clay and are, occasionally, closed. The unit includes a carstic void. Unit has settled in marine environment. The contact with the Kucuksu formation placed under the unit is disharmonious. Koroglu Formation (Jkrk): This unit surfaces in the north of operation area. In previous studies it is determined that this unit is Lower Jura-Cretaceous aged and stratigraphic thickness is between 600-700 m. The formation has a stacking which is composed of dolomite at the bottom, dolomite- limestone alternation in the middle and limestone at the top. This formation is observed in gray, black and maroon colors. In general the unit is very stiff and has good-very good strength. It has a disintegrated and cracked structure at the surface and has massive appearance in some places and, in general, intermediate-thick strata. Strata direction varies with short intervals and NE;55oSE strata direction is measured. Unit cracks developed in three directions and connection directions are measured as NE;65oSE,EW;90o, NE;90o. 68 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File The crack gaps are in general filled with clay and are, occasionally, closed. The unit includes less carstic void. Unit has settled in marine environment. The contact with the Divrikdagi formation placed under the unit is harmonious. Mixed Sequence (Krm): This unit surfaces from between the south and the middle of the operation area towards wide areas in the north. The unit is Upper Cretaceous aged. Stratigraphic thickness is not known. The mixed sequence is composed of radiolaritine, mudstone, cherty limestone and ultra-basic rocks which are occasionally observed among them. Among these levels flysch and conglomerate levels are also observed. At its base olistostromed and crumbled rock levels are observed, red color is dominant. Stratification in sedimentation units very between 1 cm thickness and several meters. Strata direction varies with short intervals and NE;45o-80oSE strata direction is measured. In general bilateral and in some places trilateral connections are developed and connection directions are measured as NW;28o- 62oSW,NW;90, NW;800SW-90o. It has irregular connections which developed in directions other than these directions. On the surface, a thin disintegration zone exists in some places. Unit has settled in marine environment. The contact with the Koroglu formation placed under the unit is formed by disharmony. Ophiolite (Krof): This unit surfaces in wide areas inside the operation area and its east and west. It is placed on the region in Upper Cretaceous Age with dragging. Stratigraphic thickness is not known. Ophiolite is composed of rocks with ultramaphic-maphic components and at its base ultra- basic rock mass having metamorphic texture under upper mantle conditions is located. In upper sections it is rock mass with ultra-basic-basic components. These rocks at the upper level have mantle origin. Around the project area, harzbergite and dunites which are in these general descriptions and pertain to rocks mentioned above, are located. In some places, these are interrupted with diabase dykes which have thickness between 0,50- 10.0m. The dominant color in Ophiolite is green, dark green. Harzbergites have wide porphyria texture, very distinct foliation and lineation, and in some places, dunit mid-bands. Dunits are encountered with regular stratification and irregular masses and in some places have harzbergite mid-bands. Around the project area, these units are in general bilateral connected, have strong structure-resistance and in some places became clay. Generally connection directions are measured in NE;45o-85oSE, NW;16o-85oSW directions. It has irregular connections which developed in directions other than these directions. There is a disintegration zone on the surface the thickness of which is, in some places, 1.0m less. 1.1.2. Cenozoic 69 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File The young sediments in the project area and its surroundings are composed of Quaternary aged terrace (Qtr), alluvium (Qal) and slope gravel (Qy). Terrace (Qtr): Composed of the old alluvium of Zamanti river, starting from the existing river bed this unit reaches approximately 20-30 m on slopes and observed in parallel with the valley. In the unit block, pebble and sand are dominant while silt and clay are very rare. Its grains are round-semi round and have limestone, quartzite, basalt origin. In general the unit is cemented and in some places it has firm-very firm characteristics. Occasionally, it has stratification with a thickness which varies between 1,0-3,0 m. The direction of strata is, in general, horizontal or has very small inclination. The thickness of the unit varies between a couple meters and 20 meters. Alluvium (Qal): Alluvium is formed by the accumulation of the carraige product of surface waters on the valley base of Zamanti River and its side brooks. In this unit gravel, sand and block are dominant and it has small amount of silt and clay. Of these grains, limestone is dominant. Alluvium is loose-less firm at upper levels while it is firm-very firm in lower levels. Alluvium thickness is generally between 5.0-20.0 m in valley base of Zamanti river, in some places there are alluvium portions with thickness greater than 20.0m. On side brook valley base it has an approximate thickness of 5.0-10.0 m. In research drilling bored for the project, it is determined that there are alluviums with thicknesses varying between 8.00-19.05 m. It is planned that material shall be received from Zamanti river alluvium. Alluvium is located in construction places of the project. Slope Gravel (Qyl): Formed as a result of disintegration, corrosion or accumulation of rock unit on the slopes, slope gravels are composed of clay with sand, pebble and block. Larger grains are angular and less round. In the project area and its surroundings, in general the thickness of this unit varies between 1.0-10.0 m. However, in research drills slope gravels were cut with a maximum thickness of 3.50 m. in some places there are thicker gravels. In general it is soft and hard-solid in lower sections. In the gravel terrace levels are also, occasionally observed. Slope gravels are located at building sites. On the conveyance channel route, there are slope screes which are composed of rock portions in some places and have thicknesses between 1.0-3.0 m. These taluses which are composed of pebble, sand and a small amount of block as well as very little amount of silt and clay are generally in a loose state. 1.2. STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY 70 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File 1.2.1 Stratification: Trias aged Kucuksu Formation (Trk) is represented with shale, marl and limestone with clay and in general it has thin-middle thick strata and the direction of the strata varies in short intervals. Jura-Lower Cretaceous aged Divrikdagi Formation (Jkd) is composed of limestone and has massive-thick strata and the direction of the strata varies in short intervals. Lower Jura-Upper Cretaceous aged Koroglu Formation (Jkrk) is represented with dolomite and limestone and in general has middle-thick strata. The direction of the strata vary in short intervals and there are strata with NE;45o-80oSE direction around project buildings. The mixed sequence is composed of radiolaritine, mudstone, cherty limestone and ultra- basic rocks which are occasionally observed among them. Stratification in sedimentation units very between 1 cm thickness and several meters. Strata direction varies with short intervals and NE;45o-80oSE strata direction exists around project buildings. Quaternary aged Terrace (Qtr) is composed of the old alluvium of Zamanti river and in general, this unit is cemented. In some places, these cemented levels include stratification with thickness between 1.0-3.0m. In general, strata direction is horizontal or has very small inclination. 1.2.2. Folding: Of the units located in the operation area, Mesozoic aged units are extremely curved and fractured due to the tectonic activities they experienced. Although no distinct and large anticlinal or senclinal is observed in the project area, especially near the fault zones there are small foldings. These foldings can be clearly followed in strata and laminates inside the formation. 1.2.3. Articulation: The units in the project area and its surroundings have been severely fractured with tectonic activities. Especially near the faults, very frequent connections have been developed. Fractures in Divrikdagi Formation (Jkd) have developed in three ways and in general, the fracture gaps are filled with clay and in some places they are closed. Fractures of Koroglu Formation (Jkrk) developed in three directions and the fracture gaps are filled with clay and in some places they are closed. Connection directions are measured as NE;65oSE,EW;90o,NE;90o. The fracture gaps are filled with clay and in some places they are closed. 71 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Inside Mixed Sequence (Krm), in general bilateral and in some places trilateral connections are developed and connection directions are measured as NW;28o-62oSW,NW;90o, NW;80oSW-~0o. It has irregular connections which developed in directions other than these directions. Inside Ophiolite (Krof) unit, in general bilateral connections are developed and connection directions are, generally, measured as NE;45o-85oSE, NW;16o-85oSW directions. It has irregular connections which developed in directions other than these directions. 1.2.4. Fault formation According to Turkey Active Fault map the project area and its surroundings are located in a region which is far from important active faults. Active faults around the region are located in the west, south and north of the project site. Ecemis Fault which is located approximately 35 km west of the operation area, Erciyes Fault which has NE-SW direction and is located approximately 40 km south of the operation area, as well as Karsanti-Karaisali Fault which has NE-SW direction and is located 60 km north of the operation are area detected as active faults in the MRE studies. According to earthquake records, earthquakes of intermediate scale are recorded around these faults, there is no record of a high scale earthquake. Active Fault map of the project area and its surroundings is given in Figure 12. Faults inside the operation area and its surroundings, faults between Mixed Sequence (Krm) and Koroglu formation (Jkrk) in the north, faults develop inside Mixed Sequence (Krm), Mixed Sequence (Krm) in the project site and right side of Zamanti river are shown in general geology map. All of these faults have completed their activities and are located outside of the project building sites. In project building sites no fault or fault print has been observed. However, some faults might be encountered during excavations. 1.2.5. Harmony-Disharmony: On top of the Trias aged Kucuksu formation (Trk) which constitutes the stratigraphic foundation of the operation area and its surroundings, Jura- Lower Cretaceous aged Divrikdagi formation (Jkd) comes disharmoniously. The contract of this formation with lower Jura- Upper Cretaceous aged Koroglu Formation (Jkrk), which is placed on top of the former, is harmonious. On top of Koroglu Formation Upper Cretaceous aged Mixed sequence (Krm) is located disharmoniously. The contacts between Ophiolite (Krof) and relatively older units are formed by sariyaj. Quaternary aged young sediments, terrace (Qtr), alluvium (Qal) and slope gravel (Qy) cover the old units with angular disharmony. 72 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Figure 12. Active Fault Map of the Project area and its surroundings 73 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File 1.3. Seismicity The project area is located inside the IVth Degree Seismic Zone according to “Turkey Seismic zones Map” which is published by Ministry of Public works and settlement, General Directorate of Disaster works, in 1996. Seismic zones map is given in figure 13. Figure 13. Seismic zones map Although there is no active fault in the project area, the distances of the active faults which also cause effective quakes in the project area vary between 30-60 km and these active faults are located in west, south and north of the project area. According to earthquake records around these faults earthquakes with intermediate scale have been recorded and there is no record of an earthquake with high scale earthquake. Active fault map of the project area and its surroundings is given in figure 14. Focusing on the active zones located on the south of the zone, the earthquakes appear as rare and small scale earthquakes outside of this active region. 74 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Figure 14: Active fault map of the project area and its surroundings 2. GEOLOGY OF DAM AND ENERGY FACILITY LOCATIONS 2.1- GEOLOGY OF DAM LOCATION: The dam location is planned approximately 1000 m north of Cavdarusagi neighborhood. In the dam location and its surroundings Koroglu formation (Jkrk), Ophiolite (Krof), terrace (Qtr), alluvium (Qal) and slope gravel (Qy) constitute the geological units. filling material (dm) also exists on the river side of the road located on the left side. 2.1.1. Koroglu formation (Jkrk): This unit surfaces on the right side of the dam location, it is represented with limestone and observed with gray, black and red color. In general the unit is very stiff and has good-very good strength. It has a disintegrated and cracked structure at the surface and has massive appearance in some places and, in general, intermediate-thick strata. Strata direction varies with short intervals and NE;48-55oSE strata direction is measured. Unit cracks developed in three directions and connection directions are measured as NE;65oSE,EW;90o, NE;90o. The crack gaps are in general filled with clay and are, occasionally, closed. The unit includes less carstic void. According to these figures the unit has intermediate-good quality rock features which includes levels with weak quality. In the pressured water experiments performed, upper levels (on average, until 10.00 m depth) is very permeable-permeable while lower levels are less permeable or impermeable. 75 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File 2.1.2. Ophiolite (Krof): This geologic unit surfaces on every left side of the dam location and it is located in thalweg under alluvium and terrace. In general, this unit is composed of amphibolite, serpantite, gabbro, spilite and radiolarite as well as limestone blocks. The unit has a stiff and strong structure and includes occasionally serpantinated levels. The connections in a meter is frequent-very frequent, in general bilateral, in some places trilateral, their directions are measured in general as NE; 45o-85oSE, NW;16o-85oSW directions. The crack gaps are in general closed and are, occasionally, filled with clay. Disintegration is not widespread in the unit and in some places disintegration zone with 1.0m or less thickness is observed. In water experiments performed it has impermeable-less permeable properties which include permeable levels. 2.1.3. Terrace (Qtr): It is composed of the old alluvium of Zamanti river and it is observed on the slopes, under the alluvium. The unit is composed of pebble with sand, block and it includes clay and silt in very little amounts. Intermediate-good cemented which is carbonate in general is fixed with weak cement in upper sections. It is 2.50-7.90 m thick at the valley bottom, under alluvium and 9.30-18.20 m thick on the left side. The unit is cemented in general and in some places it has firm-very firm characteristics. Occasionally, it shows stratification with thickness between 1.0-3.0m. strata direction is in general horizontal or has very little inclination. According to the results of leakage and pressured water experiments it has permeable-very permeable properties which include less permeable levels. 2.1.4. Alluvium (Qal): Alluvium is encountered at the valley bottom of Zamanti river. The unit is composed of pebble with sand, block and it includes clay and silt in very little amounts. At the valley bottom, alluvium exists in depth ranging between 8.00-13.10 m. In leakage experiments performed on the alluvium, permeable values ranging between 10- 1-10-3 cm/sec have been obtained. According to these figures the unit has very permeable characteristics. Alluvium is loose-intermediate firm at upper levels and firm-very firm in lower levels. 2.1.5. Slope Gravel (Ov) Located on the right side of the dam location, at upper levels this unit is composed of clay with pebbles and blocks. In lower levels slope gravel is observed as a mixture with 76 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File alluvium. This unit has a thickness between 1.00-3.00m. In general it is loose while lower levels are firm. 2.1.6. Filling Material (dm): Filling materials which are used in road construction located on the right side of the dam location, are shown in geology map. Located along the road on Zamanti river side, these filling materials are composed of clay, sand, block and they are loose. It is predicted that the thickness of this unit is between 1.00-5.00m. 2.2. GEOLOGY OF THE STRUCTURES PERTAINING TO DAM Structures pertaining to dam cover derivation, spillway, cofferdams and water intake structure planned beside spillway. In this section, geology of derivation, spillway and cofferdam locations is described. 2.2.1. Derivation: The foundation rock of derivation channel route shall be formed by Koroglu formation (Jkrk) near dam and by terrace (Qtr) on derivation downstream side. These units are covered with slope gravel which is downstream of dam axle and has a thickness ranging between 1.00- 3.00 m. Representing limestone Koroglu Formation (Jkrk) has intermediate-good quality rock properties which include levels with weak quality and it experienced partial stratification on the surface. Having conglomeratic features in general, the terrace (Qtr) has weak-very weak rock quality which includes very low good quality rock levels. Dominated with clay the gravel slope (Qy) is in general loose and partially firm at lower levels. 2.2.2. Spillway The spillway included in the scope of Camlica III Dam is planned on the left side. On the spillway route Ophiolite (Krof) and terrace (Qtr) shall constitute the foundation rock. These units are covered with alluvium (Qal) and filling material (dm) around spillway end and the river side of the existing road, respectively. In general ophiolite (Krof) is composed of amphibolite, gabbro, spilite and radiolarite as well as limestone block. In some places 1.0m and less thick seperation zone is observed in the unit. Ophiolite rock has intermediate-weak rock quality which includes rock levels with good quality. Terrace (Qtr) is composed of pebble with sand, block and it includes clay and silt in 77 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File very little amounts. It is fixed with intermediate-good cement which is carbonate. Its upper level is with weak cement. In terrace research drills, it is determined that at the valley bottom, the thickness of terrace is between 9.30-18.20 m depth values. Alluvium is loose- intermediate firm at upper levels and firm-very firm in lower levels. It is determined that at the valley bottom, the alluvium is present between 8.00-13.10 m depth values. Filling material (dm) is composed of clay, sand, block and they are loose. It is predicted that the thickness of this unit is between 1.00-5.00m. 2.2.3. Cofferdams In cofferdam locations which are planned upstream and downstream of the dam, Koroglu Formation (Jkrk), Ophiolite (Krof) and terrace (Qtr) form the geological units on the slopes. 2.3. GEOLOGY OF ENERGY FACILITIES 2.3.1. Geology of water intake structure: Camlica III HEPP water intake structure is planned of the left side. Being parallel with spillway, in water intake structure location the foundation rock is formed by Ophiolite (Krof) and terrace (Qtr). These units are covered with alluvium (Qal) and filling material (dm) around spillway end and the river side of the existing road, respectively. In general Ophiolite (Krof) is composed of amphibolite, gabbro, spilite and radiolarite as well as limestone block. In some places 1.0m and less thick seperation zone is observed in the unit. Terrace (Qtr) is composed of pebble with sand, block and it includes clay and silt in very little amounts. It is fixed with intermediate-good cement which is carbonate. Its upper level is with weak cement. In terrace research drills, it is determined that at the valley bottom, the thickness of terrace is between 9.30-18.20 m depth values. Alluvium is loose-intermediate firm at upper levels and firm-very firm in lower levels. It is determined that at the valley bottom, the alluvium is present between 8.00-13.10 m depth values. The alluvium has loose-intermediate firm characteristics at upper levels and firm-very firm at lower levels. Filling material (dm) is composed of clay, sand, block and they are loose. It is predicted that the thickness of this unit is between 1.00-5.00m. 2.3.2. Geology of Conveyance Conduit and Tunnel Route: 78 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Conveyance Conduit: Throughout conveyance conduit route upper Cretaceous aged mixed sequence (Krm) and Ophiolite (Krof) constitute rock units while of the Quaternary aged young sediments terrace (Qtr), alluvium (Qal) and slope gravel (Qy) constitute ground units. Mixed sequence (Krm); this unit is composed of radiolaritine, mudstone, cherty limestone and ultra-basic rocks, glysch and conglomerates which are occasionally observed among them. Its stratification varies between thin and very thick, perpendicular and almost perpendicular stratifications have been developed. The unit is stiff, strong and has high resistance. In general it is bilateral and in some places trilateral, it has firm-very firm connections. In general thin separation zone is observed on the surface. Ophiolite (Krof); the unit is composed of amphibolite, gabbro, spilite and radiolarite as well as limestone blocks. The unit is stiff, strong and has high resistance. In general it is bilateral and in some places trilateral, it has firm-very firm connections. In general thin separation zone is observed on the surface. Alluvium (Qal) is encountered on side brook valleys along conveyance conduit route. The unit is composed of pebble with sand and clay, it includes silt and clay in very small amounts. It is loose-less firm at upper levels and firm-very firm at lower levels. The alluvium thickness at the valley bottom is around 5.00 m. Slope Gravel (Qym) has weaved rock formations in a rare manner and in some places as slope scree from the beginning of the conveyance conduit route until its middle section and in a wide-spread manner on power plant side. This unit is mixed with terrace around power plant location. Slope gravel is composed of pebble and block with clay and sand. In the initial side the unit has a thickness which varies between 1.00-3.00m and on the power plant side it has a thickness of 10.0-15.0m. In general it is loose and at lower levels it is firm-very firm. Conveyance Tunnel: Throughout tunnel route upper Cretaceous aged Ophiolite (Krof) shall constitute the geological units. 79 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Ophiolite (Krof); the unit is composed of amphibolite, gabbro, spilite and radiolarite as well as limestone blocks. The unit is stiff, strong and has high resistance. In general it is bilateral and in some places trilateral, it has firm-very firm connections. In general thin separation zone is observed on the surface. Forebay Chamber: In forebay chamber location upper Cretaceous aged Ophiolite (Krof) exists and on top of it terrace (Qtr) and slope gravel (Qy) are present as a cover. Ophiolite (Krof) which is composed of amphibolite, gabbro, spilite and radiolarite as well as limestone blocks in Forebay Chamber location is stiff, strong and has high resistance. In general it is bilateral and in some places trilateral, it has firm-very firm connections. In general thin separation zone is observed on the surface. Around forebay chamber slope Gravel (Qym) is in mixture with terrace, with terrace around power plant location. Slope gravel is composed of pebble and block with clay and sand. The thickness of the unit is around 10.0-15.0m. In general it is loose at upper levels and at lower levels it is firm-very firm. In places where the slope gravel is thick and mixed with terrace, the lower levels are in general very firm and sensitive. Penstock: Throughout penstock route upper Cretaceous aged Ophiolite (Krof) terrace (Qtr), slope gravel (Qy) and alluvium (Qal) are present. Ophiolite (Krof) which is composed of amphibolite, gabbro, spilite and radiolarite as well as limestone blocks throughout penstock route is stiff, strong and has high resistance. In general it is bilateral and in some places trilateral, it has firm-very firm connections. In general thin separation zone is observed on the surface. Terrace, alluvium and slope gravel are observed on top of Ophiolite. The thickness of alluvium is 10.0-15.0 m in general and its upper levels are loose in general and its lower levels are firm-very firm. By removing the loose upper level of the alluvium, the structure shall be placed on the firm-very firm levels underneath. The thickness of slope gravel varies between 1.0-4.00 m. there is filling material on the river side of the existing road. 80 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File 2.3.3. Geology of Power Plant location In power plant location the foundation rock is formed by upper Cretaceous aged Ophiolite (Krof). Terrace (Qtr) and alluvium (Qal) are present on top of this formation. Ophiolite (Krof) is composed of amphibolite, gabbro, spilite and radiolarite as well as limestone blocks and it is stiff, strong and has high resistance. In general it is bilateral and in some places trilateral, it has firm-very firm connections. In general thin separation zone is observed on the surface. Ophiolite is covered by terrace and alluvium. It is determined that terrace is with weak cement and its maximum thickness if 13.50 m. The thickness of alluvium is between 10.0-15.0 m. There is filling material on the river side of the existing road. 2.3.4. Tailwater Channel Alluvium constitutes the geological unit throughout tailwater channel’s route. Pebble, sand and block are dominant in alluvium, it has thin grain, of little amount and its thickness is around 15.00m. The unit is loose at upper levels and firm at lower levels. The whole channel excavation is classified as soil excavation. 2.4. GEOLOGY OF RESERVOIR SITE Jura- Upper Cratecous aged Koroglu formation (Jkrk), Upper Cretaceous aged mixed sequence (Krm) and Ophiolite (Krof) constitute rock units while of the Quaternary aged young sediments terrace (Qtr), alluvium (Qal) and slope gravel (Qy) constitute ground units in reservoir area. Koroglu formation (Jkrk) surfaces on the right side and upstream of dam site in reservoir location and it is composed of limestone. Due to the unit’s discontinuity and cursting, it can be defined as very permeable-permeable in general. Geological map of reservoir area is given in report appendix (See Appendix-4). Mixed sequence (Krm); surfaces on the left side in a narrow area close to reservoir location and it is composed of radiolaritine, mudstone, cherty limestone and ultra-basic rocks, glysch and conglomerates which are occasionally observed among them. Due to its 81 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File discontinuities the unit is defined as less-permeable-permeable. At its upper level, seperation having a thickness of 1.0 m or less is observed. Ophiolite (Krof); is the most wide spread unit of the reservoir area. It is composed of amphibolite, gabbro, spilite and radiolarite as well as limestone blocks and harzbourgite and dunites are dominant. In some places these are interrupted with diabase dykes which have thicknesses between 0.50-10.0m. Due to its discontinuities the unit can be defined as less permeable- impermeable. Among quaternary aged young sediments, intermediate-weak cemented block, pebble and sand are dominant in terrace (Qtr) while silt and clay is very little. Terrace has permeable- very permeable characteristics. This unit also has thin grained levels and non-cemented levels. It has stratification close to horizontal. Due to the fact that large grain (sand, pebble, block) is dominant in the alluvium, it can be described as very permeable. According to leakage experiments performed in dam location, it is determined that alluvium has very permeable characteristics. Alluvium is loose-intermediate firm at upper levels while it is firm-very firm at lower levels. Due to the fact that clay is dominant in slope gravel (Qy) it is accepted to be impermeable. This unit is observed in narrow areas in the reservoir area. Hydrogeology Depending on their lithological and structural properties the geological units present in the project location has different permeability values. The units which are composed of limestone are in general permeable-very permeable while Ophiolite mixed sequence can be described as less permeable-impermeable. However, in units where permeable levels and impermeable levels are altered permeability decreases and hence, this units are accepted as less permeable-impermeable. Kucuksu Formation (Trk) is represented with shale, marl, clayed limestone. The lower levels of the unit include oolitic limestone. Mid-bands with conglomeratic limestone are 82 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File frequently encountered in the formation. The unit, discontinuities and even at small amounts carries underground water at cursted limestone levels and can be described as permeable-less permeable. Divrikdagi Formation (Jkd) is composed of limestone and includes a curstic void. Since the unit has discontinuities and is cursted, it carries underground water and can be described as very permeable-permeable. However, since Zamanti river has deep ravines and canyon type valley has formed in places where the formation is present underground water can empty into the river in a short period of time. Koroglu Formation (Jkrk) is composed of dolomite and limestone. Since the unit has discontinuities and is cursted, it carries underground water and can be described as very permeable-permeable. However, since Zamanti river has deep ravines and canyon type valley has formed in places where the formation is present underground water can empty into the river in a short period of time. Mixed sequence (Krm) is composed of radiolaritine, mudstone, cherty limestone and ultra- basic rocks, glysch and conglomerates which are occasionally observed among them. Due to its discontinuities the unit carries a limited amount of underground water and can be defined as less permeable-impermeable. Harzbourgite and dunites are dominant in Ophiolite (Krof). In some places these are interrupted with diabase dykes which have thicknesses between 0.50-10.0m. Due to its discontinuities the unit carries a limited amount of underground water and can be defined as less permeable-impermeable. Among the quaternary aged young sediments block, pebble and sand are dominant in terrace (Qtr) while silt and clay are very little. The unit has permeable-very permeable properties. However, since their distribution is limited and their confluence into the valley is topographically easy they do not have a significant underground stream. Due to the fact that large grains (sand, pebble, block) are dominant in the alluvium it has permeable characteristics while due to the fact that clay is dominant in slope gravel (Qy) it is accepted as impermeable. With the drilling works undertaken in dam location, it is determined that underground stream levels exist at 20.70m depth at upper elevations of right side, between 18.10-28.50 m depths at upper elevations of left side while with the drilling work undertaken in thalweg it is determined that the underground water level is 1.00 m deep or less. No underground water level is encountered at drilling depth (18.00 m) of power plant forebay pool location. 83 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Underground water levels are measured as 19.00 m in penstock route, between 7.10-8.70 m in power plant location and between 5.40-6.70 m in tailwater channel. 84 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File b) Considering the sensitive localities list in Appendix-V; wetlands, shore regions, hilly and forested lands, agricultural lands, national parks, special protection areas, areas having high population density, historical, cultural, archeological or similar important areas, erosion areas, landslide areas, forestation areas, potential erosion and forestation areas along with aquifers which should be protected in accordance with 167 numbered Law on Underground Streams In accordance with the sensitive localities list given in Environmental Impact Evaluation Regulation Appendix V, 1. Areas which shall be protected in accordance with our Country’s legislations a) “National Parks”, “Natural Reserve Areas”, “Natural Monuments”, “natural Parks” described in 2nd article of 2873 numbered National Parks Law and determined in 3rd article thereof b) “Wild Life Preserves and Wild Animal Settlement Areas” determined by Ministry of Forestry in accordance with 3167 numbered Land Game Animals Law. c) Areas defined as “Cultural assets”, “Natural Assets” “Site” and “Protection Areas” in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th paragraphs of “a-Definitions” paragraph of 2nd article of 2863 numbered Cultural and Natural Assets Protection Law and areas which are determined and registered in accordance with the mentioned law and articles of 3386 numbered law (Law pertaining to Amendment of Some Articles and Addition of New articles to 2863 numbered Cultural and Natural Assets Protection Law), d) Water products production and reproduction sites in the scope of 1380 numbered Water Products Law, e) Lands defined in 17 article of Water Pollution Control Regulation, which is published in 4/9/1988 dated and 19919 numbered official gazette, and 18th, 19th and 20th articles which are amended with the regulation that is published in 1/7/1999 dated and 23472 numbered official gazette, f) “Sensitive Pollution Zones” which are defined in 49th article of Regulation on Protection of Air Quality which is published in 2/11/1986 dated and 19269 numbered Official Gazette. g) Lands which are determined and announced as “Special Environment Protection Regions” by the council of ministers in accordance with 9th article of 2872 numbered Environment Law, h) Lands which are protected under 2960 Bogazici Law, i) Places which are classified as forested lands in accordance with 6831 numbered Forest Law, j) Lands where construction is prohibited in accordance with 3621 numbered Shore Law, k) Lands which are indicated in 3573 numbered Law on Reformation of Olive Harvesting and grafting of Wild species”, l) Lands indicated in 4342 numbered Meadow Law, m) Lands indicated in “Regulation on Protection of Wetlands” which came into force after being published in 30.01.2002 dated and 24656 numbered Official Gazette, 2. Areas which shall be protected in accordance with the international agreements to which Out Country is a signatory, a) I. and II. Protection Areas indicated in “Important Sea turtle Reproduction Areas”, “Mediterranean seal Habitats and Reproduction areas” which are among the areas placed under protection in accordance with “Protecting European Wild Life and The Habitats 85 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Agreement” (BERN Agreement) which came into force after being published in 20/2/1984 dated and 18318 numbered Official Gazette, b) Areas which are protected in accordance with “Protection of Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution Agreement” (Barcelona Agreement) which came into force after being published in 12/6/1981 dated and 17368 numbered Official Gazette, i) Areas which area specified as “Special Protection Areas” in our country in accordance with “Protocol on Protection of Special Protection Areas in the Mediterranean Sea” which was published in 23/10/1988 dated and 19968 numbered Official Gazette, ii) Areas located in “100 Coastal Historical Site which have Equal importance in the Mediterranean” which was published by United Nations Environment Program, and selected in accordance with 13-9-1985 dated Geneva Declaration, iii) Coastal Areas which are habitats and feeding environments of “Endangered Sea Species which are unique to the Mediterranean” in 17th article of Geneva declaration, c) Cultural, historical and natural areas which are protected by the Ministry of Culture and given “cultural inheritance” and “Natural Inheritance” status in accordance with 1st and 2nd articles of “World Cultural and Natural Inheritance Protection Agreement” which came into force after being published in 14/2/1983 dated and 17959 numbered official gazette, d) Areas protected in accordance with “Agreement on Protection of Wetlands which have International Importance Especially As Habitats of Water birds” which came into force after being published in 17/05/1994 dated and 21937 numbered official gazette 3. Areas that shall be protected a) Areas which are declared to be protected in their current status and where construction is prohibited in Approved Environmental Plan, (areas natural character of which shall be protected, biogenetic reserve areas, geothermal areas etc.), b) Agricultural lands: Agricultural development areas, areas which are irrigated or can be irrigated and has land use capability classes I, II, III and IV, areas of grade I and II which are used in rain-dependent agriculture as well as all special crop plantation areas, c) Wetlands: Natural and artificial, permanent or temporary, stable or flowing, fresh, brackish or salty waters, covering depths which do not exceed 6 meters in withdrawal phase of tide, all water that carry an importance as a habitat of living beings, especially the water birds, swamp reed fields and turbaries as well as places starting from shore side line towards land side which are left as wetlands from ecological point of view, d) Lakes, streams, underground water operation sites, e) Areas which are the habitats of scientifically important and/or endangered species or species which might be endangered, biosphere reserve, biotopes, biogenetic reserve areas and areas where geological and geomorphologic formations with unique characteristics exist, are not included. There is no historical or cultural asset which shall be affected by the realization of Camlica III Dam and HEPP. In case cultural assets are discovered during construction works, Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism shall be contacted and it shall be ensured that necessary precautions are taken. There are two national parks in Kayseri Province, these are SULTANSAZLIGI NATIONAL PARK (2006) which is located in boundaries of Develi and Yahyali districts and 86 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File ALADAGLAR NATIONAL PARK (1995) which is 30 km away from Yahyali district of Kayseri Province. The shortest distances of these areas to the project location and their properties are given below in Table 8. Table 8. National Parks which are closest to the Project area and their properties Name of the Shortest distance Foundation Area Importance National Park to the Project area Aladaglar 8 km to the west 1995 54.524 ha Wild Life Protection Zone is separated in the National Park national park, there is a production station. Residents of wild life are wild goat, bear, fox, wolf, lynx, weasel and sea otter. Besides, Aladaglar is of interest due to the peculiar structural components such as nappes, clips, tectonic windows which formed as a result of geological processes and tectonics. Aladaglar National Park is very rich from vegetation perspective, the dominant species forming the forest are black pine and redwood. At the black pine-redwood transition zone there are some stands which are composed of both of these species in a mixed manner. Inside the National Park Kapuzbasi Falls and glacier lakes are located. Sultansazligi 41.43 km to the 2006 24.523 ha This area is on the bird migration routes. Its National Park northwest resource values are; being a rare ecosystem which has fresh and saline water ecosystems together, being feeding, housing and incubation areas of 301 bird species which has endangered species or species that might be endangered, being the only area in Europe where crane, flamingo, great whire heron and spoonbill birds incubate together. Resource: Ministry of Environment and Forestry General Directorate of National Parks Aladaglar National Park is located 8 km west of the project area. This place is announced as National Park in 1995. Aladaglar is very rich in terms of forest vegetation. In general, Black pine (P.Ngre), abies, cedar, scotch pine (Rsivester) and oak species are encountered in this area. The higher sections of Aladaglar are in Alpine plant band. The major wild and game animals living in the area are mountain goats, lynx, weasels, water otters, foxes, wolves, wild boars and rabbits as well as bird species such as eagle, small eagle, tumor partridge, rock partridge, falcon and hawk and some small bird species. The project area does not have any negative effect on Aladaglar National Park. The project area is classified as forested land. Stand map pertaining to project are and its close surroundings are given in report appendix (See Appendix-3). Necessary permissions shall be taken from Regional Directorate of Forestry. In the land use map given in report appendix, the entire project area and its surroundings have grade VII land use capability. FLORA AND FAUNA 87 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File -FLORA The data obtained as a result of site works and literature studies performed to investigate the importance of project examination area and its surroundings from biological diversity perspective, are given below. As a result of field works which are undertaken to determine the flora of the project area, the vegetation type has been identified. Accordingly, steppe or savannah plants are dominant in the locality which has semi-dry climate characteristics. Most of the savannah plants have short life time. The existence of habitat with different ecological characteristics such as fresh and saline water ecosystems, meadows and pastures, agricultural lands and steppes caused a rich flora to nourish in the area. In some places woodlands which include poplar and willowware encountered in the area. From floristic perspective, activity area is inside the boundaries of Iran-Turan Phytogeographic Region. In order to monitor the spread of project area species in our country, Grid system proposed by Davis (1965) has been taken as sample. According to Grid system of Davis the project area is located in B5 square. The flora of the project area is assessed according to “Red Book of Turkey’s Plants” and 16.07.2001 dated Appended Updated Lists of Bern Agreement. The Turkish names of the plants are selected from “Turkish Plant Names Dictionary” and the names used by the located people. 9 endemic plant types have been detected in operation area. Among these, Crambe tataria var. tataria, Isatis cappadocia subsp.nurihakensis, Asyneuma linifolium subsp.eximium, Campanula telephiosdes Boiss. (R) are in “rare” danger category. Acantholimon acerosum var.parviflorum (VU) is in “vulnerable” category. The remaining 3 species are in LR(lc) the least concerning category. None of the species are included in Appendix List of BERN Agreement. Flora of the project area and its surroundings is given Table 9. Table 9. Flora of the project area and its surroundings Name of the Family and Name in Phytogeographic Habitat Relative End Danger Species Turkish Region Abundance Class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 Convolvulaceae Convolvulus galaticus Mahmude Ir-Tur X X End LR(lc) Out Crusiferae Aethionema arabicum - - x x - LR(lc) Aethionema iberideum - - x x - LR(lc) Crambe tataria var tataria - - x x x End R Erysimum hamosum - Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) 88 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Name of the Family and Name in Phytogeographic Habitat Relative End Danger Species Turkish Region Abundance Class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 Heidreichla bupleurifolia - - x x - LR(lc) Boiss Isatis cappadocica Civit out Ir-Tur x x End R subsp.nurihakensis Lepidium perfoliatum Kerdeme - x x x - LR(lc) Ranunculaceae Ceratocephalus falcatus L. - - x x End LR(lc) Consalida glandulosa - Ir-Tur x x Consalida orientalis Mor cicek Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) Ranunculus isthmicus - - x x x - LR(lc) subsp.stepporum Ranunculus sceleratus L. - - x x - LR(lc) Talictrum isopyroides Cayir sedefi Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) Caryophyllaceae Silene armena var armena - - x x - LR(lc) S. bupleuroides L. - - x x - LR(lc) S. otites L. Salkim cicegiMediterranean x x - LR(lc) S.kotschyl var kotschyl - - x x - LR(lc) Umbellferae Eryngium billardieri Boga dikeni Ir-Tur x x x - LR(lc) Grammosciadium - - x x - LR(lc) platycarpum Scandix stellata Kiskis - x x - LR(lc) Pimpinella paucidentata Anason Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) Compositae Centaurea kotschyl var - - x x x End LR(lc) kotschyl Centaurea kotschyl var - Ir-Tur x x x - LR(lc) persica Cichorium infybus L. Hindiba - x x - LR(lc) Crepis armena tuylu kanak Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) Echinops orientalis Topuz Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) Taraxacum revertens Kara hindiba Ir-Tur x x End LR(lc) Xeranthemum annuum Dag Karanfili Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) Boraginaceae Alkanna oritentalis var Tosbaga otu Ir-Tur x x x - LR(lc) orientalis Lappula squarrosa - - x x - LR(lc) Onosma molle Emzik otu Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) Rindera lanata var lanata - Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) Labiate Marrubium parviflorum Boz ot Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) subsp.parviflorum Sideritis liba notica Dag cayi Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) subsp.kurdica Teucricum chamaedrys Yer cami Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) L.subsp.syspirense Teucricum orientale Kirve otu Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) var.puberulens Campanulaceae Asyneuma linifolium - Mediterranean x x End R subsp.eximium Campanula stricta L. var Cingirak otu Mediterranean x x - LR(lc) 89 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Name of the Family and Name in Phytogeographic Habitat Relative End Danger Species Turkish Region Abundance Class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 libanotica Campanula telephioides Cingirak otu Mediterranean x x End R boiss. Plumbaginaceae Acantholimon acerosum Geven Ir-Tur x End VU var parviflorum Acantholimon venustum Geven Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) var venustum Plantaglnaceae Plantago maritima Baga - x x - LR(lc) Scrophulariceae Scrophularia rimarum - - x x - LR(lc) Verbascum Sigir kuyruguIr-Tur x x - LR(lc) agrimoniifolium var agrimoniifolium Veronica beccabunga - - x x - LR(lc) Illecebraceae Herniaria hirsuta L. - - x x x - LR(lc) Paronychia kurdica Boiss. - - x x - LR(lc) Polygonaceae Polygonum bistorta Kurt Pencesi Europe-Siberia x x - LR(lc) Rumex acetosella L. Kuzu kulagi - x - LR(lc) Rumex patientia L. Labada - x x - LR(lc) Guttiferae Hypericum confertum - - x x - LR(lc) subsp.stenobotrys H.hyssopifolium - Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) subsp.elangatum H.trigetrifolium Pirpir out - x x - LR(lc) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia altissima var Sutlegen Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) altissima E. macrocarpa - Ir-Tur x x x - LR(lc) E.stricta - Europe-Siberia x x - LR(lc) Leguminosae Astragalus amblolepis - Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) A.caragnae - - x x - LR(lc) A.lanatus - Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) Gramineae Aegilops speltoides var. - - x x - LR(lc) ligustica Agropyron cristatum - Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) Elymus hispudus - Ir-Tur x x - LR(lc) subsp.podpyerae Abbreviations and descriptions used in the Table: HABITAT CLASSES 1. Forest 2. Maquis 3. Frigana (plants which mostly have thorns, low height and form a soft cushion) 4. Culture Areas (Vineyard, garden etc.) 5. Dry meadow, steppe 90 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File 6. Moist meadow, swamp and wetland 7. Near the road 8. Rocky Danger Classes Relative Abundance Classes Endemism Ex: Extinct Species 1. Very rare L: Local Endemic E: Endangered Species 2. Rare B: Region Endemic V: May be harmed 3. Abundant at mid-level Y: Widespread Endemic R: Rare species 4. Abundant I: Unknown species 5. Very Abundant K: Species which are not sufficiently unknown Nt: Species which are not rare nor endangered O: Species out of danger -FAUNA Fauna of the project examination area is extracted depending on the observations performed, people living in the locality and literature records. There is no species in the area which is faunistically endemic or has a very narrow distribution. Consequently, the damage that might appear as a result of the activity does not have a threatening quality on the species which are cosmopolite in terms of their distribution. Fauna species in the project area and its surroundings and their status are given in the tables below. Table 10. Amphibian Species Detected In The Project Area Name of the Order, Name in Turkish Status in the Bern ERL Status Resource Family and Species region BUFONIDAE Bufo bufo Kara kurbagasi Abundant Appendix-III - nt G Bufo viridis Gece kurbagasi Abundant Appendix-II - nt L+ A RANIDAE Rana ridibunda Yesil kurbaga Abundant Appendix-III - nt G PELOBATIDAE Pelobates syriacus Toprak kurbagasi Abundant Appendix-II - nt L+A SALAMANDRIDAE Triturus vittatus Bantli Tarakli semender Rare Appendix-III - nt L+A Symbols used in the Table nt : Widespread, abundant, not under threat ERL : (European Red List) G : Observation L : Literature A : Questionnaire Appendix-II : Fauna species placed under absolute protection Appendix-III : Protected Fauna species 91 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Table 11. Reptilian Species Detected In The Project Area Name of the Name in Turkish Status in Bern ERL Status Resource MAK Order, Family the region and Species TESTUDINIDAE Testudo graeca Tosbaga Rare Appendix-II - VU G Appendix-List-1 EMYDIDAE Emys orbicularis Benekli Rare Appendix-II - nt L Appendix-List-1 kaplumbaga AGAMIDAE Laudokia stellio Dikenli keler Abundant Appendix-II - nt L+A - Agama ruderata bozkir keleri Abundant Appendix-III - nt L+A Appendix-List-1 COLUBRIDAE Coluber caspius Ok yilani Abundant Appendix-II - nt L+A Appendix-List-1 Natrixn. Persa Kupeli su yilani Abundant Appendix-III - nt L+A Appendix-List-1 Natrix t. suyilani Abundant Appendix-II - nt L+A Appendix-List-1 Tesellata LACERTIDAE Lacerta saxicola kaya kertenkelesi Abundant Appendix-III - nt L+A - Lacerta muralis duvar kertenkelesi Abundant Appendix-III - nt L+A - TYPLOPIDAE Typhlops Kor yilan Abundant Appendix-III - nt L+A Appendix-List-1 vermicularis Eryx jaculus Mahmuzlu Yilan Abundant Appendix-III - nt L+A - Eirens modestus Uysal yilan Rare Appendix-III - nt L+A Appendix-List-1 Coluber nojodum Ok yilani Rare Appendix-III - nt L+A - Symbols used in the Table Vu : Vulnerable MAK : 2007-2008 Hunting Season Central Hunting Commission Resolution Appendix-List1 : Wild Animals protected by Ministry of Environment and Forestry Table 12. Aves Species Detected In The Project Area Name of the Name in Status in the RDB Bern IUCN Status Resource MAK Order, Family Turkish region and Species NONPASSERES PODICIPEDIDAE Bataganlar Podiceps cristatus Hillli Great Crested A2 - - Y,KZ L Appendix- batagan Grebe List-1 Podiceps Kirmiziboyu Red-necked A2 Appendix-II - G, Y L Appendix- grisegena n Grebe List-1 Podiceps auritus kulakli Slavonian B2 Appendix-II - KZ L Appendix- batagan Grebe List-1 CICONIIDAE Leylekgiller Ciconia ciconia Ak leylek White stork A3 Appendix-II - Y,G,T G,L Appendix- List-1 Ciconia nigra Kara leylek black stork A2 Appendix-II - G,T L,A Appendix- 92 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Name of the Name in Status in the RDB Bern IUCN Status Resource MAK Order, Family Turkish region and Species List-1 ANATIDAE Ordekgiller Cynus Color Kugu Wooper Swan A1,2 - - Y, KZ, TL Appendix- List-1 Anser anser Bozkaz Greylag Goose A2 - - Y, KZ L Appendix- List-1 Anas Yesil bas Mallard A4 - - Y Appendix- platyrhynchos ordek List-III Anas crecca Kirik ordek Common Teal A4 Appendix-III - Y,KZ L,A Appendix- List-III ACCIPITRIDAE Buteo buteo Sahin Common A3 Appendix-II - Y,KZ L,A Appendix- buzzard List-I Buteo rufinus Kizil sahin Long-legged A2 Appendix-II - Y,KZ L Appendix- buzzard List-I Gyps fulvus Kizil akbaba Griffon Vulture A2 Appendix-II - Y,G L Appendix- List-I FALCONIDAE Dogangiller Falco tinnunculus Kerkenez Kestrel A4 Appendix-II - Y L Appendix- List-I COLUMBIDAE Guvercingill er Columbo livia Kaya Rock pigeon - Appendix-III - Y G,L,A Appendix- guvercini List-III Streptopelia Kucuk Senegal Dove A2 Appendix-III - Y L Appendix- senegalensis kumru List-I CORVIDAE Kargagiller Corvus corax Kara karga Common - Appendix-III - Y G,L,A Appendix- Raven List-I Corvus corone Les kargasi Corrion Crow - - - Y L Appendix- list-III FRINGILLIDAE Ispinozgiller Carduelis Saka European A4 Appendix-II - Y L Appendix- carduelis goldfinch List-I Fringilla coelebs Ispinoz Chaffinch - Appendix-III - Y L Appendix- List-I Serinus serinus Kanarya European serin - Appendix-II - Y L Appendix- List-I HIRUNDINIDAE Kirlangicgill er Ptyonoprogne Kaya Eurasian Crag- A1.2 Appendix-II - G,Y,T L Appendix- rupestris kirlangici Martin List-I MUSCUCAPIDAE Acrocephalus Biyikli Moustached - Appendix-II - G L Appendix- melanopogon Ardickusu Warbler List-I Acrocephalus Saz Eurosian - Appendix-II - Y,G L Appendix- scripaceous Ardickusu Warbler List-I Cettia cetti Setti bulbulu Cetti’s warbler A4 Appendix-II - Y L Appendix- 93 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Name of the Name in Status in the RDB Bern IUCN Status Resource MAK Order, Family Turkish region and Species List-I Ficedula Kara Pied Flycatcher - Appendix-II - G,T L Appendix- hypoleuca sinekapan List-I Locustella Irmak River Warbler - Appendix-II - G L - fluviatilis Ardickusu TURDIDAE Ardicusugill eri Lusicinia Bulbul Common - Appendix-II - G L Appendix- megarhynchos Nightingale List-I Turdus merula Kara tavuk Eurasian - Appendix-II - Y G,L,A Appendix- Blackbird List-III PARIDAE Parus ater Cam Coal Tit - Appendix-II - Y G,L Appendix- Bastankaras List-I i PICIDAE Picus canus Gri Greyfaced A3 Appendix-II - T,G L Appendix- agackakan woodpacker List-I Picus viridis Yesil Eurosian Green A2 Appendix-II - Y L Appendix- agackakan Woodpecker List-I Dendrocopos Kucuk Lesser Spotted A3 Appendix-II - Y L Appendix- minor agackakan Woodpecker List-I PASSSERIDAE Sercegiller Passer domesticus Ev sercesi House Sparrow - Appendix-III - Y G, L, A Appendix- List-I Passer montanus Dag Sercesi Eurosian Tree - Appendix-III - Y G, L Appendix- Sparrow List-I APODIDAE Ebabilgiller Apus apus Ebabil common swift A4 Appendix-III - G,T L Appendix- List-I Symbols used in the Table A1.2 : Species which have 1-25 pairs LEFT A2 : Species the number of which stays below 26-50 pairs, under threat A3 : Species the number of which is between 51-500 pairs, protected A4 : Species number of which is 501-5000 pairs or more Y : Domestic bird species which regularly incubate in our country G : Species which migrate after incubating in our country KZ : Winter visitor species which pass winter months in our country RDB : Red Data Book MAK : 2007-2008 Hunting Season Central Hunting Commission Resolution Appendix-List-1 : Wild Animals protected by Ministry of Environment and Forestry Appendix-List-II : Game Animals that are Protected by Central Hunting Commission Appendix-List-III : Game animals which are permitted to be hunted for a certain period by Central Hunting Commission 94 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Table 13. Mammalian Species Detected In The Project Area Name of the Order, Name in Bern ERL Status Habitat Resource AVL Family and Species Turkish SORICIDAE Sorex araneus Cuce fare Appendix-III - nt Meadows, plant L+A - and bushes Sorex minitus Cuce fare Appendix-III - nt Meadows, L+ A - steppe, forest ERINACEIADE Erinaceus concolor Kirpi Appendix-III - nt woodlands, G+ A Appendix- gardens List-I RHINOLOPHIDAE Rhinolophus Nalburlu Appendix-II - Vu woodlands, L+ A Appendix- ferrumequinum yarasa bushes List-I VESPERTILIONIDAE Myotis blythi Fare kulakli Appendix-II - Vu Large caves and L+ A Appendix- kucuk ruined buildings List-I yarasa LEPORIDAE Lepus europaeus Yabani Appendix-III - nt Steppe, open L+ A Appendix- tavsan field List-III CRICETINAE Cricetulus migrotorius cuce - - nt fields, open L - avurtlak forest MICROTINAE Clethrionomys glareolus Kirmizi fare - - nt Bush section of L - the forests SPALACIDAE Spalax leucodon Kor fare - - nt agricultural land, G - steppe MURIDAE Rattus rattus ev sicani - - nt Almost L+A - everywhere Mus musculus Ev faresi - - nt Plants, bushes L - AQUATIC LIVING BEINGS Aquatic life in Zamanti River is composed of fixed and free algae, zooplanktonic organisms, betic organisms and fish. In the planned project area the species variety and density of these 4 components of food chain are high. Especially, algae which are the primary producers of river systems are attached to stones, plants and sediment parts and show a significantly large spread. In addition, fresh water algae present in these streams are represented by taxons which are connected to Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae classes and Bacillariophyceae is the major one of them. 95 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File It is observed that Bacillariophyceae is dominant on other classes in terms of species variety and density. Furthermore when compared to plankton forms, benthic algae which live depending on the stream environments are represented with more dense species and individual number, The variety of fish which is one of the most important components of an aquatic system is very high in this creek. The dominant fish species in the area are given below; Catherina boyeri, Alosa fallax nilotica, Nemacheilus angorae, Acanthobrama mirabilis, Barbus pectoralis, Capoeta capoeta angorae, Chondrostoma regium, cyprinus carpio, Leuciscus cephalus, Neogobius gymnotrachelus, Gambusia affinis, Oncorynhus mykiss. During any activity that shall be realized in the project area, the precautions regarding especially the wild animals mentioned in BERN Agreement appendices Appendix-II and Appendix-III shall be followed. Protection precautions mentioned in commission resolutions for the species which are in the protection lists of 2007-2008 Hunting season which are prepared in accordance with T.R. Ministry of Environment and Forest General directorate of Natural Preservation and National Parks Central Hunting Committee resolutions shall be followed. The water needed to sustain the ecological life in Zamanti river shall be released. Furthermore, on both sides of the dam axle fish passage (staircase) shall be constructed to allow the passage of the fish. 3. ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT AND ITS LOCATION (REASONS FOR SELECTING THE PROJECT TECHNOLOGY AND THE PROJECT AREA) In Camlica III Dam and HEPP project the dimensions of structures have been determined so as to suit a project which is planned to benefit from the energy potential of Zamanti river and in general terms composed of dam, energy channel, forebay pool, penstock and power plant units. For this reason no alternative has been considered either for the project location or for its technology. CONCLUSIONS Camlica Elektrik Uretim A.S. planned to construct Camlica III Dam and Hydroelectric power plant (HEPP) on Zamanti river in Yahyali district of Kayseri province. The environmental impacts of the project during construction and operation phases and the precautions that shall be taken are briefly summarized below; The construction period of Camlica III Dam and HEPP facility which is designed to be constructed on Zamanti river is planned to be 2 years. When the system is put into operation at the end of this period, in Hydroelectric Power Plant which has five units adding up to 27.624 MW total turbine installed capacity, given the existing current conditions, in total 104.49 GWh 96 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File power shall be generated annually while this figure shall drop to 58.33 GWh annually once the facilities located upstream are realized and the current value decreases. Following the construction of the dam 440.323 m2 area shall be covered by the reservoir. The facilities that shall be constructed in the scope of the project are; • Camlica III Dam and water intake structure • Water intake opening located on the left slope • Energy conduit which has Horse-shoe cross section and an internal diameter of ?4.65 m • Forebay • Penstock which has circular cross section and an internal diameter of ?3.65 m • 3 branches with ?2m internal diameter, 2 branches with ?0.9m internal diameter • Power plant with 5 units and 27.624 MW installed capacity • Crushing-sifting Facility (it shall be used during the construction) • Concrete Plant (it shall be used during the construction) There is no agricultural land in the area of dam and energy water line. However, a small water mill, several fruit trees and a piece of land which is developed as a terrace, can be cultivated and has an area of 114680 m2 exist where power house and switchyard shall be located. Large portion of the project location is forested land. Expropriation works are in progress for the project area. According to expropriation works, 613550 m2 of the project area is classified as forested land. The impermeable material for Camlica III Weir and HEPP project is planned to be acquired from clay quarry which is planned to be operated in the scope of the project. 37.500 m3 clay material shall be bought from quarry enterprises which are operated in the close vicinity. For the permeable material and rock fill needs, the material obtained after the excavations undertaken in construction areas shall be used as much as possible. However, when there is need for material, it shall be bought from sand- pebble quarries and rock quarries operated in close vicinity. In order to meet the concrete need of the construction works a crushing-sifting facility and a ready mixed concrete plant shall be installed close to one another in the construction area. The materials extracted here shall be transported to the construction site. The fish passage that is proposed for the construction in Camlica III Dam is of staircase type and step height is calculated to be 75 cm, its width as 100 cm, minimum water level as 30 cm and slope as 40%. It is considered that the fish passage having these characteristics is suitable and sufficient to sustain the survival of fish species living in the area. In order to sustain the continuity of the fish species in Zamanti river, a fish passage having the above mentioned qualities shall be constructed. In order to sustain the continuity of the natural life, water having 1 m3/sec discharge shall be released to river bed between Weir location and HEPP. Owner of the activity’s letter of undertaking, which is approved by public notary, showing that water at 1 m3/sec discharge shall be released is given in report appendices (See Appendix-12). Furthermore, when the construction phase overlaps with the fish spawning period, works on the river bed shall be halted and the works shall continue in places other than the river bed. In operation phase, discharge measurements shall be performed and recorded, regularly, with discharge-meter at the point of 97 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File water release (downstream) and every 6 months these records shall be sent to Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The environmental impacts of the project during construction and operation phases and the precautions that shall be taken are briefly summarized below; 98 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File Precautions that shall be taken for any possible environmental impact of the project Construction phase Type of waste How it is disposed of Liquid wastes with It shall be stored in the sealed cesspool domestic quality constructed in the construction site. The cesspool shall be emptied by the nearest sewage truck owning Municipality and the cost shall be paid. Mixer washing Sedimentation pool shall be constructed and the waters produced in clean water obtained by keeping in sedimentation ready mixed pool shall be taken and re-used in vehicle/site concrete plant washing works. Solid wastes with The solid wastes with domestic quality shall be domestic quality stored in bags inside garbage bins with closing lids and they shall be left to a garbage bin serviced by the municipality. Wastes originating They shall be stored individually and given to from construction licensed companies which collect them for re-use. works Dust emissions The site shall be moistened in windy and dry weather conditions. Loading and unloading shall be performed without swinging. The trucks shall be covered with canvas during transportation. In order to minimize the dust formation, in the crushing- sifting facility the material shall be moistened with a pulverized system (system with water) before being fed into the conveyor . The top of the carriage bands shall be covered. The bunkers in concrete plant where dust formation may take place shall be covered. Filters shall be connected to cement silos. Vegetable soil Following the completion of the construction, during re-arrangement of HEPP surroundings, vegetable soil shall be laid again and used for landscaping purposes. Excavation waste Some portion shall be used in project construction. A waste disposal area has been determined for the portions that are not used. Oil wastes In accordance with the Waste Oil Control Regulation, they shall be delivered to recycling facilities or producer. Noise Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise shall be followed. Vibration Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise shall be followed. By performing sequential blasting, the resulting vibration shall be significantly reduced. Operation phase Type of waste How it is disposed of Liquid wastes 2 meshed sealed cesspools shall be constructed and the water stored in this cesspool shall be 99 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File emptied by the nearest sewage truck owning Municipality and the cost shall be paid. Solid wastes with They shall be kept in garbage bins with closing lids domestic quality and left in garbage containers which are serviced daily by the Municipality. In order to provide health and safety of the people employed in the scope of the project, verdicts of charters and regulations which were issued based on Labor Law and are still in force shall be followed. During the operation phase of the project the related verdicts of the below regulations: • “Solid Waste Control Regulation” which came into force after being published in 14.03.1991 dated and 20814 numbered Official Gazette and amended with the 31.05.2005 dated and 25831 numbered issue, • “Environment Inspection Regulation” which came into force after being published in 05.01.2002 dated and 24631 numbered Official Gazette, • “Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation” which came into force after being published in 16.12.2003 dated and 25318 numbered Official Gazette and amended on 16.12.2004, • “Waste Oil Control Regulation” which came into force after being published in 21.01.2004 dated and 25353 numbered Official Gazette, • “Excavation soil, Construction and Ruin Wastes Control Regulation” which came into force after being published in 18.03.2004 dated and 25406 numbered Official Gazette, • “Packaging Waste Control Regulation” which came into force after being published in 24.06.2007 dated and 26562 numbered Official Gazette, • “Waste Battery and Accumulator Control Regulation” “which came into force after being published in 31.08.2004 dated and 25569 numbered Official Gazette, • “Water Pollution Control Regulation” which came into force after being published in 31.12.2004 dated and 25687 numbered Official Gazette, • “Hazardous Wastes Control Regulation” which came into force after being published in 13.03.2005 dated and 25755 numbered Official Gazette, • “Waste Vegetable Oil Control Regulation” which came into force after being published in 19.04.2005 dated and 25791 numbered Official Gazette, • “Soil Pollution Control Regulation” which came into force after being published in 31.05.2005 dated and 25831 numbered Official Gazette, • “Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise” which came into force after being published in 01.07.2005 dated and 25862 numbered Official Gazette, • “Regulation on Controlling Air Pollution Caused by Industrial Facilities” which came into force after being published in 22.07.2006 dated and 26236 numbered Official Gazette • “Regulation on Control of Expired Tires” which came into force after being published in 25.11.2006 dated and 26357 numbered Official Gazette. 100 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File which came into force based on 2872 numbered Environment Law and the verdicts of “Law on Making Amendments in Environment Law” which came into force after being published in 13.05.2006 dated and 26167 numbered Official Gazette shall be followed. 101 Camlica Power Generation Inc. Camlica III Dam And Hepp Project Information File 102
Группа Всемирного банка · Environmental Assessment
Turkey - Private Sector Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 32 of 80) : Camlica third dam and hydroelectric power plant project information file
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