China - Shaanxi Ankang Road Development Project : Summary of environmental assessment and management plan report

36859 THE WORLD BANK LOANED PROJECT SHAANXI ANKANG ROAD DEVELOPMENT PROJECT SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN (REV 1 SED) Shaanxi ProvincialTransportationDepartment Xi'an, China April, 2006   PREFACE The World Bank Loaned Shaanxi Ankang Road Development Project contains two parts: Ankang-Maoba expressway (AME), 108 county and village roads in the rural areas (Local Roads, LRS) AME covers an expressway of 86.902km long, and 3 connecting lines of 13.978km long. LRS contains 108 items, lasting 1481.4kmlong totally, including 1 province road of 74.5km long, 12 county roads of 191.4km long, and 82 village roads of 1481.4km long, with an investment of43.36275 millionRMByuan. By the constructionplan, 28 roads are supposed to be rebuilt in2006, 24 roads in 2007, 34 roads in2008, 26 roads in 2009 and 12roadsin2010. Pleaserefer to Fig.1andFig.2 for the route locations ofAME andLRS.     ABBREVIATI0NS: AME: Ankang-MaobaExpressway LRS: county andvillage roads inthe rural areas, Local roads LMP: the local road improvementprogram MOC: CommunicationAdministration of China's SPTD :ShaanxiProvincialTransportation Department FFO: ForeignFundFinancedOffice SDRC: Shaanxi Developmentand ReformCommission SHAB: ShaanxiProvincialHighwayAdministrationBureau SPHDI: ShaanxiProvincialHighwayDesignInstitute SEPB: Shaanxi ProvincialEnvironmentalProtectionBureau SEPA: StateEnvironmentalProtectionAdministrative EPB:EnvironmentalProtectionBureau TB :Transportation Bureau DI:DesignInstitute EO:EnvironmentOffice PMO: ProjectManagementOffice SCRD: Shaanxi Provincial CultureRelicsDivision EMS: EnvironmentalMonitoring Station EIA: environmental impactassessment EMP: environmental managementplan EMF: EnvironmentalManagementFramework EP: environmentalprotection EPO: environmentalprotectionoffice COD: OxygenAmount for Chemistry BOD: OxygenAmount for Biochemistry SS: FloatingSubstance TSP :Total suspendedparticulate   Summary of EIA and EMP Contents Contents A . BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................. 1 B ENGINEERING SURVEY . ............................................................................................................................... 5 C . BASELINE ENVIRONMENTALDESCRIPTION ...................................................................................... 9 D POTENTIALENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSAND MITIGATIONMEASURES . ............................... 18 E ALTERNATIVES . ............................................................................................................................................ 44 F. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ..................................................................................................................... 51 G ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTAND MONITORING ................................................................... 56 H . EP INVESTMENT ESTIMATION .............................................................................................................. 65 I CONCLUSION . ................................................................................................................................................. 68 Ankang-Maoba Expressway (AME) ............................................................................................................. 68 TheLocal Road Improvement Program (LRIP)......................................................................................... 71 APPENDIX 1KEYELEMENTSOFEMPFORAME................................................................................................ 73 APPENDIX 2: GENERALELEMENTSOFEMF FORLRIP....................................................................................... 82 APPENDIX 3: STANDARDS OFASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................ 85 Appendix 4:The Public Consultation ............................................................................ 87   Summary of EIA and EMP A. Background A. Background 1, ShaanxiAnkang Highway DevelopmentProgramcontainstwoparts: (1)Ankang-Maoba Expressway ( AME hereinafter ) includes a 86.902km highway and 3 connecting road of 13.978km. (2) Ankang Highway Project covers 108road constructionand reconstructionof local roads. ChangAn University takes charge of the project environmentimpact assessment. An EIAteam was set up and procededthe field survey along the route. After the investigation and inquiry at the villages on land to be impacted and confiscated, the EIA report of the Country Road of Ankang Highway Development Program has been completed inMarch 2006. InApr. 3 - 13, 2006, its publicizing on newspaperand notice along the routewere completedinthe project region. 2. The process of environmental assessmentinvolve various institutions in Shaanxi ,including Shaanxi EP Dept., Shaanxi EPB, Shaanxi Cultural Relics Dept., Shaanxi Tourism Dept., Shaanxi Forestry Bureau, Shaanxi Water Conserancy Dept, Shaanxi Construction Dept., the Traffic Dept. of Ankang City, the EP Dept.ofAnkang City, the ForestryBoardof Ankang City, Environmental MonitoringBoardofAnkang City, Yinghu Resort Management, Yinghu Nature Reserve Management Office, Shaanxi Archeology Research Institute and all people's congress in the project region. The units to be impacted, local congress members, householdersto be removed and villagers to be land requisitedare all under investigation and consultation. 3. The Shaanxi Ankang Road Development EIA comply with the World Bank OP/BP/GP4.01, and with the rules, regulations and standards in China. -The major regulations 0 "Environmental ProtectionLaw ofthe People's Republic ofChina", into effect from Dec 26, 1989; 0 "Environment Impact Assessment Law of the People's Republic of China", into effect from Sep 1, 2003; 0 "Management Regulation for Environment Protections of Construction Project", issued on Nov 29, 1998; 0 "Messures for Environmental ProtectionsofConstructionproject", No.(2003)5,from MOC; 0 "Air Pollution PreventionLaw ofPRC", into effect from Sep 1, 2000; 0 "Environment Noise PollutionPreventionLaw ofPRC", into effect from March 1, 1997; 0 "Water PollutionPreventionLaw ofPRC", into effect from Nov 1, 1984; 0 "Land ManagementLaw ofPRC (Revised in 1998)", into effect from Jan 1, 1999; 0 "The Implementation Regulation of The Law on Land Managementof PRC", into effect froin Jan 1, 1999; 0 "Water and Soil ConservationAct Law ofPRC", into effect form June 29, 1991; 0 "The Implementation Regulation of The Law on Water and Soil ConservationAct of PRC", into effect from Oct 1, 1993; 0 "Forest Law ofPRC", into effect from Jan 1, 1985; 0 "The lmplementation Regulation ofThe Law on ForestofPRC", into effect froin Jan 29, 2000; - 1 -  Summary of EIA and EMP A. Background 0 "Wild Animal Protection Law ofPRC", into effectfrom Mar 1, 1989; 0 "The Implementation Regulation of The Law on Wild Animal Protectionof The Law on Forest of PRC", into effect from Mar 1, 1992; 0 "The RegulationonAgrarian Plants ofPRC", into effect from Jan 1, 1997; 0 "Environment Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution Law ofPRC (Revised)", into effect fromApril 1,2005; 0 "Highway Law ofPRC", into effect from Jan 1, 1998; 0 "Flood Control Law ofPRC", into effect from Jan 1, 1998; 0 "Water Law ofPRC", into effect from Oct 1,2002; 0 "The Regulation on RiverChannelManagementofPRC", into effect from June 10, 1988; 0 "The National Outline of EcologicalEnvironmentProtection", into effect from Nov 26,2000; 0 "Culture RelicsProtectionLaw ofPRC", into effect from Oct 28,2002; 0 "Agriculture Law ofPRC", into effect from March 1,2003; 0 "The Protection Regulation onBasic FarmingLand", State Council, into effect from Jan 1, 1999; 0 "Energy Conservation Law ofthe People's Republicof China", into effect from Jan 1, 1998; 0 "The Temporary Regulation on Scenic Resort and Historic Site Management", State Council, into effect from June 7, 1985; 0 "The Regulation on Scenic Resort and Historic Site Management of Shaanxi Province", the People's Congress o f Shaanxi Province, into effect from May 1,2005; 0 "The Method to Implement `The Law on Environment Protection of PRC' in Shaanxi Province", into effect from July 25, 1992; 0 "The Method to Implement `The Law on Flood Control of PRC' in ShaanxiProvince", into effect from Sep 8, 1999; 0 "The Method to Implement `The Law on Land Management of the PRC 'inShaanxiProvince", into effect from Jan 1,2000; 0 "The Method to Implement `The Law on Water and Soil Conservation Act of PRC' in Shaanxi Province", into effect from Jan 10, 1994; 0 "The Regulation on Environment Protection of Urban Drinking Water Resource Protection Area", into effect from Mar 10, 2002; 0 "The Regulation on WatercourseManagementof Shaanxi Province", into effect from Dec 2,2000; 0 "The Regulation on Road Transfer Management of Shaanxi Province", into effect from April 1, 2000; 0 "The Regulation on ForestManagementof ShaanxiProvince", into effect from Dec 2, 2000; 0 "The Regulation on Culture Relics ProtectionandManagement", into effect from April 21, 1995; 0 "Some Suggestions on Strict Farming Land Protection in Implementation of Road Construction Project", JIAOGONGLUFA [2004] No. 164, datedApril of 2004; 0 "The Regulation on Water Pollution Prevention and Control along Hanjiang River and Danjiang River Basin in Shaanxi Province", datedMar 1,2006; 0 "The Announcement on Absolutely StoppingPlanting on the Basic Farming Land", GOFADIAN [2004] No. 1, dated March of 2004; 0 "The Announcement of Environment Survey Implementation on Transport Project", JIAOHUANFA [2004] No. 314, dated June of 2004; 0 "The Direction Suggestion on StrengtheningEcological Protection, Soil and Water Conservationin Mountain District Road Construction", JIAOGONGLUFA [2005] No. 441, dated September of 2005. - 2 -  Summary of EIA and EMP A. Background -Relative Documents from the WorldBank 0 "EnvironmentAssessment", OP/BP/GP4.01, WorldBank; 0 "Environment TOR", OPBP/GP 4.02; 0 "Natural Habitats", OPBP/GP/4.04; 0 "Water ResourcesManagement", OP4.07; 0 "Involuntary Resettlement",OP/BP4.12; 0 "Cultural Property", OP 4.11; 0 "Indigenous Peoples", OD 4.20. 4. Scope and Standards o fAssessment a. scopeof assessment According to the fact that along the road, the environmental impact is featured in form of the belt distribution, it is proposedthat the environmentassessment impact scope of proposed Ankang-Maobaroad is shown as inTable 1-2. Content Scopeofhsessment Remarks The area within 300 meters both sides along the road, Includesthe protectionof wild animals and plants, together with the borrow and spoil sites and the areaalong thelossofwater/soilerosion; andthe roadviewand Environment thedeliveryline. viewpointsalonetheroad. Theroadgoes alongwiththe YueheRiver, Haoping River, Hanjiang River, and Renhe River, p&sing Surface The bridge s in the area of l00m inupriver and l 0 h in through 147bridgesbigor small. Sewageandwaste Water downriver.And alsothe areawhereriversparallelstheroad. waterimpact inthe conmction of bridges and tunnels; and also the managementof for the dangerous goods transportation in the operation period. Social The areao f200 metersinbothsides alongthe road, withthe Mainly on the resettlement after the land Environment certain extensionfor the hprtant area acquiremenf protection and urban plan. Noise The areaof200 metersbothsidesalongthe road. Sensitivereceptorsas schools, hospitalsandvillages alongthe road. Atmosphere Constructionfloatingdustandthe pollutantfromthe Environment The areaof200metersbothsidesalongthe road. tunnelexit. b.Assessment Standards and FunctionalArea Identification "Environment Noise Standards in UrbanArea" (GB3096-931 . Noise Limit in ConstructionSite (GB12523-90) "Surface Water EnvironmentQuality Standard" (GB3838-20021 "Sewage Comprehensive DischargingStandard" (GB8978-96) "FarmingLandIrrigationWater Quality Standard" (GB5084-92) AmbientAtmosphere Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) "Surface Water Source Quality Standard" (SL63-94) "Ambient Atmosphere Quality Standard" GB16297-96 -Sound environment. The assessment in general assessment areas carry out Category 1 in "Environment Noise Standards in Urban Area" (GB3096-93) , 4 for the area of 50 meters along the - 3 -  Summary ofEIA and EMP A. Background national road G316 and provincial road S310, 4 applied to common village and the area within 50 meters from red line of resident communities, 2 applied to the area beyond 50 meters, category 2 to schools, hospitals, and inconstructionphaseunder "Noise Limit in ConstructionSite" (GB12523-90) --Water Environment. Level I11 in "Surface Water Environment Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002) will be available for Hanjiang, Yuehe, Renhe and other branches of Hanjiang River, Level Ifor disposal of Sewage from toll gate and management area into the water body, "Sewage Comprehensive Discharging Standard" (GB8978-96) and "Farming Land Irrigation Water Quality Standard" (GB5084-921 for ejectioninto farmingirrgationalchannels. -Ambient Atmosphere. "Ambient Atmosphere Quality Standard" (GB3095-1996) Standard I1 will be applied to present situation assessment and environment assessment., "Atmosphere Pollutes Comprehensive DischargingStandard" GB16297-96StandardI1to asphalt smoke during construction, and "Ambient Atmosphere Quality Standard" GB16297-96standI1to TSP. -AssessmentStandardofSoilErosion.TheJTJ005-96"TheRegulationofRoadConstruction Project Environment Impact Assessment (Temporary)" is applied as reference for water erosion identification. 5. EIA degree andcontents Ankang - Maoba expressway (AME) covers the total length of 86.902km, passingthe complicagted terrace, dense vegetation and rivers. The signicance, work amounts and route environmental features can confirm the projectEIA by categoryA. The projectneedsEIA report and EMPdrawing. All the countryroads in the project are to be rebuilt, 7 of them to be new.There exists little amount of land occupation and little removal. Only environmentally sensitive spots along the route are villages without cultural relics, andthese sensitive spots are to be impacted by noise and dust in construction period. When the works finishes, the effect will be slight. Therefore, some roads are divided by category B, which needs only E1analysis and EAP. 6. Accordingto the projectcycle and surroundings, the EIA i s divided by: Ankang -Maoba Expressway (AME) (1) construction phase, (2006-2010) for 5 years (2) service phase, short-term:2011, metaphase:2017, long-term:2025 LRlP (1) construction phase, (2006-20 10) for 5 years (2) service phase, short-term:2006, metaphase:2017, long-term:2025 - 4 -  Summary of EIA and EMP B. Engineering Survey B. Engineering Survey 7. The proposed Ankang-Maoba Expressway covers 86.902km in length. The expressway project is submitted to the 4-driveway standard in computation of 80km/h, and the roadbed width is 24.5m, and in some hard section the standard will be lower ina proper way with the safety premise. The proposed expressway has a total length of bridges, of 21235.69d15 super large bridges, 19751.05m/93 large bridges, 1080.06/28 medium bridges, and small bridges 158.08/11bridges. The bridge lengthtakes 43.5% of road length; and the number ofthe culvert is 33; with 28986.5m/5 super longtunnels, 3842.0m/2 long tunnels, 4487.0d6 medium tunnels and 6273.5m/l8 short tunnels, the tunnel total length is 27.3% of road total length; with 6 interchanges, 1 flyover and 18 channels; and with 1 area for management, 3 for services, 1for parking, 2 for maintenanceand 6 pairs for bus parking, and 6 toll gates. There exist 3 connecting lines, Liushui,8km long, Songping, 2.13km long and Ziyang, 3.847km long under standards ofI11andIV, 7m insubgrade. Refer to the project geographical locations inFig. 1and 2. 8. Of the 108 country roads, there are 1provincial leveledroad, 74.5km long, 12 county leveledroads, 463.704km long, 13 town roads of 191.4km long, and 82 village roads of 751.8km long. The provincial leveledroad works adopt the grade I11standards for heavy rolling regions, pavedwith asphalt, county road works under grade I V standards for heavy rolling regions by dual lanes, town road under grade I V heavy rolling standards, single lane and asphalt pavement, and the village road under grade IV heavy rolling standards, single lane and sand-gravelpavement. According to the Ankang countryroadconstructionplan, in2006, 110.9362million RMB Yuan will be invested for 28 road rebuilding, 99.0969 million RME3 Yuan for 24 road rebuilding in 2007, 94.5838 million RMB Yuan for 34 road rebuilding in 2008, 74.5579 million RMB Yuan for 26 road rebuilding in 2009, and 54.4527 million RMBYuan for 12road rebuilding. Refer to the 28 road constructionwithin 2006 intable 2-1 and Fig. 2. - 5 -  8 I I8 1 8 8 1 8 3 I 8 s + - I - I m Q8 5 : c # Num + e N investment M (1o4Y U ~ ) vi 2 3 2 W ? 3 d Y I 3 I m. d I 3 B a j i- m M Inew E,,,,, -- -7 - B I -7 village * I * +-+ - -s -7 * I * I :.I; Project(road name) .- P 'S m - 5 3 4 c 4 - c 2 a c 1 . 3 0 m - - N 0 % I x m  H i s -w r. m r. r. m B s k ? W $ 8 3 8 8 m + c I m - 0 m BB s e f f3 wn N N I - -'5 $ 3 m m v! 2 3 3 W v! v) a W v! 2 8 E 1 E B E C m m 2 d Y v) P 8 8 EI L a' v) W 9 m 9 Ei :W build 7 -7 -7 -7 llage 0 0 0 w h i p e .ovincial I C Project (road name) .c S M arear f m p1  t K 1 !2 `41 1 8 1 8 8 8 8 8 m m 2 I mI - w m 8R : - -- N Ba .-I a E m v! m d v! d 3 3 U r,.-k - --- 7 7 k 7 -7 -7 -7 arear  C. Baseline environmental Description Ankang-Maoba Expressway 9. Landform In accordance with division of regional natural geomorhy, the proposed expressway is divided into two kinds of landform: Ankang River basin and Mt. Dabashan. a. Ankang Yuehe River BasinLandform The Ankang Yuehe basin is 250m-600m above sea level, 30km in length and 4-6m in width. The basin is composed of the first-order terrace, second-order terrace and highflood plain. It is in plain shape slanting slightly to Yuehe River. The third-order and the fourth-order terrace assume long beam with flat slope and one-way hill, and they distribute at the south and north sides of the plain. The area is gentle in relief with thick population and advanced agriculture. The alignment starts from K196+560 to the south bank across Yuehe at the location of K197+200. The alignment is 12.4km long and accounts for 12.6% of the total alignment length when it reachesAnkang Yuehe basin. b. Mt.DabashanLandform Mt.Dabashanis locatedinthe border of Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Hubeifour provincesand Chengdu city. It has an elevation of 280-2522m with the highest elevation at the border of Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces, Mt. Dabashan has a north-west strike with the main beam at the border between Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces and the main ridge is more than 2400m above sea level. The relief inthe area is that the main ridge of Mt. Dabashan in the south and the Mt. Eenghuang are high, the Hanjiang River and Haoping River are low in the middle. According to the elevation and height deviation, the mountain landform is divided into four types: high-medium mountain, medium mountain, and low-medium mountain, low Mountain as well as river valley. The medium-high mountain mainly distribute on two sides of Mt. Dabashan drainage divide with steep slope and outstanding summit, the mountain assume dental and knife-edge shape, the river transects deeply and the river valley often presents "V" shape; the medium mountainand low-medium mountain inMt.Dabashanwith an elevation of 800-1 800m, the mountainridge is narrow and long and flat, the natural transverse slope is about 300-500, thin-bedded waste and talus soil accumulate at the flat location; the low mountainis 370-800m above sea level, mainly distributing at two banks of Hanjiang River and Renhe River, intercalating at part o f high mountains along river valley. The mountain is low with flat drainage divide and the mountain slope is about 250-400, landslide and mud-rock flow frequently take place here. The river valley is curved and often forms wide and flat valley ground alongthe fracture belt. The RenheRiver andHanjiang River are lowest with an average elevationof 270-400m. The alignment K208+975-K293+300( the terminal) lies in the north slope in Mt. Dabashan area, and the alignment is 75.lkm, accounting for 87.4% in the total alignment length. The alignment starts from Jiajiagou entering Mt.Dabashanthrough Haoping, Ziynag to the terminal. It passes through the river valley of Daba Mountain, low-mountain area and medium-low mountain area. The tunnel mainly crosses medium-low mountain area (such as Mixiliang Tunnel, Phoenix Tunnel), the bridge and tunnel pass through low-mountain area and river valley. The project has a length of bridge and tunnel accounting for - 9 - ,  79% in the total alignment length inMt.Dabashanroad section. 10. Featuresof SurfaceWater Water system along Ankang-Maoba Expressway, belongs to the drainage area of Yangtze River, and abounds with rich water resources. The rivers in the areas are Hanjiang and its tributaries such as Ziwu River, Chihe River, RenheRiver, Lanhe River, Yuehe River, HuangyangRiver, Bahe River, Xunhe River, Shuhe River, Baishi River, Nanjiang River, and Haoping River. Except for Hanjiang, the tributaries are of short runoffs. The relatively biggertributariesincluding RenheRiver, Yuehe River, and Haoping River. 11.Climatic Features Areas along the route enjoy northsubtropical monsoonclimate. It is cold and seldom snows in winter because of the northwest cold anticyclone, hot and rains fiercely in summer because of the influence of the Southwest China vortex and Pacific subtropical anticyclone, and overcast rainy as well as humid in autum because of the slow withdrawal of subtropical anticyclone. The areas' annual average temperature is 15"C, annual average rainfall 814.2mm(Hanbin District) - 1,066mm (Ziyang County), and average wind speed 1.O m/s- 1.2m/s. East and East-Northeastwind is dominant inHanbin District, and Northwest wind as the prevailing inZiyang County. 12.Vegetations The highway will mainly come through Hanbin District and Ziyang County of Ankang City. The project zone is located in the north rim of the north subtropical zone with Qinling Mount in its west withholding the cold current. Mild and humid, it provides optimal conditions for the vegetation within the zone diversifies obviously vertically and thus a mixedtype of subtropicaland temperate plant is formed. Thus, because most of the area of the route corridor is along rivers or valleys with plain earth for farming, farming plants are usually grown invalleys and lower mountains are cultivated into farming land. Or due to human's activities stipulate the evolution of the former broaden-leaves forest into bushes or grasses, the vegetation alongthe route corridor is mainly bushes, farming plants and grass. According to the investigation result, the population is large inthe section. The villages there have a long history, which exerting a great influence to natural vegetation. Agricultural planting area with large scale had been formed inthe section. The section is coveredby thick naturalvegetationwith strong natural recovery ability. 13. Wild Animals According to the records of historical materials, the key protective animals within the area of Ankang-Maoba Expressway are of the national Igrade ones including ciconia nigra, C.nigra, aquila chrysaetos, a.heliaca as well as national grade I1protective animals of andrias davidianus, Cygnus Cygnus, aix galericulata, purasia macrolopha, srmaticus reevesii, ghrysolophus pictus, etc, and Shaanxi provincial protective animals of Ranodon tsinpaensis, elaphe carinate, agkistrodon qinlingensis, g.canorus, leiothrix lutea, paguma larvata, felis bengalensis, deer, etc. According to the distributing map of national protective wild animals of Shaanxi Province, in the area of Ankang-Maoba Expressway project, there are national grade I1 key protective animals, e.g. syrmaticus reevesii, golden cat, naemorhedus goral, capricornis sumatraensis, ninox scutulata and accipiter gentiles. Through interviewing with local residents and analyzing relevant document, the environmental estimationteams from Chang'an University, during the field inspection, have come to know that the project - 10 -  area is located in the low-altitude low hill land or gully land, which are frequented by human beings and animals, of which there are few big but many small wild animals such as squirrel, field mouse, rabbits, boars and badgers. There are also birds such as sparrow, yellow-bellied tits, thrush, mynah, grey culver, woodpecker, red-bellied golden pheasant, golden eagle, pied magpie, aigrette, marabou, duck, wild goose, etc. However, there are few amphibianand reptilian wild animals here. Major fish stock inthe area includes Parabotiafasciata, Leptobotia tientaiensishansuiensis, Cyprinus carpio, chub, big head carp, crucian, grass carp, PseudoleubucaSinensis, Silurus soldatovi, catfish, ect. The fowl involved in field monitoring include aigrettes and mallard. Animals inthe places investigated mainly include sow, rabbit, pheasant, wildcat, squirrel, frog, snake, deer, roe, golden pheasant, etc; the birds in the area include sparrow, aigrette, crow, culver; fishes in the area include Cyprinus carpio, grass carp, chub, catfish, Dianchi carp, river crab, river shrimp, turtle. 14. Yinghu Lake Marsh NaturalReserve Yinghu Lake was formed as an artificial lakebasedonHuoshiyanReservoir.The Huoshiyan Reservoir, located upper of Hanjiang River and established in 1992, had its water storeage, and as the water level of upper reaches of the Dam is ascending, the lower reaches o f the Dam is descending, then engendered the riverside mudflat. Yinghu Lake MarshNatural Reserve is a provincial Natural Reserve in ShaanxiProvince, which is established in September, 2002, with its location in Hanbin District o f Ankang City of south of Shaanxi Province, includingHanRiver, Yuehe River andYinghu Lake as well as periphery land area. According to the Constructionalfeasibility Research Report of Ankang Yinghu Lake Marsh Provincial Natural Reserve of Shaanxiprovince, Yinghu LakeMarshNatural Reserve mainly focuses on protection of marsh ecological system and rare water bird, its major protect ional object ranks as the national key protect ional rare water bird such as Ciconia ciconia and C.nigra of whom are fond of inhabiting in wide flashing marsh land, open plain and mountainous area which is far from human. Ankang Municipal People's Government is developing Yinghu Lake Tourism as its central ecological tourism, with vehement human activity, consequently, what could be seen inYuehe RiverandHanRiver is mainly agminate E.grazattas and Anas platyrhynchos. Based on investigated results, the wild animals in the Protection Zone as their habitats are mainly E.grazatta and Anas platyrhynchos, which attributed to Shaanxi Provincial universality protected animals. The inhabit of E.grazatta lies in Zhujiahe River ridge of north bank of Yuehe River, and is at a distance of Yuehe River between the planned Ankang to Maoba Highway, away from 2km, which appeared most from April to May every year. Anas platyrhynchosmainly concentrate the lower reaches o f Wuli Town of Yuehe River, with the highway at the upper reaches, away from 1.5km. A.heliaca,Aquila chrysaetos, C.nigra and Ciconia ciconia are pretty rare in the Zone which have been regarded as straggles or passed through by chance. 15. soil erosion The area along the two sides of the proposedproject belongs to the medium soil erosion area in earth and rock mountains. The total volume of soil erosion in Hanbin District is 1.12361 milling tons yearly with annual average erosion modulus of 4127t/km2. The total area of soil erosion in Ziyang County is 1,329 km2 yearly with annual average erosion modulus of 1755.4 t/km2. Major types of soil erosion are surface erosion, gullying erosionand gravitational erosion under the influence ofwater force. - 11 -  16. land use It can be concluded from the table that bush and forest land, along with the grassland, account for 65.96% o f the total estimation area, o f which the forest land accounting for 11.13% of the total. Compared with types o f land use in other areas, the proportion of arable land along Ankang-Maoba Expressway (21.27%) is lower than that o f the average of HanbinDistrict (24.13%) and Ziyang County (28.59%). From the comparison, it can be got that there are great amount o f bushes and grasslands along the line of Ankang-Maoba Express Highway, which conforming to the geological setting o f highlands and river valleys o f the area. Besides, it can be concluded that in the layout planning o f the highway, forest land is purposefully advioded or occupied as least as possible for the benefit o f ecological environmental protection o f the area. In additions, the plan has assured that the arable land be occupied as least as possible. 17. Social & Economic Environment The areas under the direct influence o f the project are Hanbin District and Ziyang County o f Ankang City. (1) Ankang city is located in the south of Shaanxi Province, a joint of 4 provinces like Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei and Chongqing. The total area and population of Ankang are 23,529km2 and 2.9406 million respectively, o f which the population o f Hanbin District is 945,700 ,accounting for 32.16% o f the total, and the population density 258 personsh2. and that o f Ziyang County 337,600, accounting for 11.48% o f the total and the population density 153 personsh2, and that o f Langao County 168,300, accountingfor 7.87% o fthe total, and the population density 90 personsh2 (2003 statistics). Relying on rich biological resources,, mining products, and water energy, Ankang has presented the regional characteristic economic model dominated by the development o f natural resources in recent years.The output value of the whole city was RMB 11.955 billion Yua nin 2004, up by 9,4% over the previous year, o f which the output values o f the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were RMB 3.195 billion Yuan, RMB 3.07 billion Yuan, and RME3 5.69 billion Yuan respectively, presenting26.73%, 25.68%, and 47.6% o f the total. The GDPper capita was only 38.5% o f the national average level. (2) Hanbin District is situated in the central part o f Ankang City. It is the seat o f Ankang Municipal Committee o f CPC and Ankang Municipal People's Government, and also the political, economic, and cultural center of Ankang City as well as the central city o f the southern Shaanxi province. It coveris an area o f 3,6435km2, 15.49% o fthe total ofAnkang City. Relying on the geographical edge, Hanbin District has endeavored to develop the characteristic economy and speed up economic structural adjustment in recent years, with economic operation quality and benefit improved obviously. The output value in the whole district was RMB 4.097 billion Yuan in 2004. Of the figure, the agricultural output value was RMB 1.283 billion Yuan, to which diversified businesses made around 74% contributions. The overall output o f oil-bearing materials was 20,956 tons in the year, that o f silkworm 4,006 tons, that o f vegetables 10,493 tons, that o f tobaccos 839 tons, and that o f tea leaf 464 tons. The dominant industry is beginningto take shape. (3) Ziyang County is situated in the southwest part o f Ankang City, the hinterland o f Qinling-Bashan - 12 -  Mountain areas, and the upper and middle reaches o f Hanjiang River. Covering an area o f 2,204km2, 9.37% o f the total o f Ankang City, the population in the county was 337,700 in 2004, and the population density 153 persons/km2. In2004, the production value of the county was RMB 639.47 millionYuan, of which the agricultural output value was RMB 568.86 million Yuan, with the grain yield being 104,600 tons. Tea, silkworm, and sheep have become the dominant industries of Ziyang agriculture and the main sources o f financial revenues and farmer incomes. Ziyang Fuxi tea sells rather well inthe market. In2004, the tea planting area reached 6,881 hectares, and output 1,358 tons. The industrial production value inthe year was RMB 153.3 million Yuan. 18. Current transportation The four provincial highways inAnkang City, the important part of Ankang road network, connect six counties and districts together, including Hanbin, Xunyang, Pingli, Langao, Zhenping, and Ziyang. Their overall mileage accounts for 10.1% o f the total in the city. Provincial highways of S207 and S310, leading to the hinterland o f Bashan Mountain, where the natural condition is harsh, are the important channels to Sichuan Province and Chongqing City. Presently, there are three railways inAnkang City, namely Yang'an, Xikang, and Xiangyu, all of which are single-ling electric ones. The operation mileage of the three railways inthe boundary o f Ankang City is around 455km. Ankang is the interface of the three railways. Rivers in the boundary of Ankang City include Hanjiang and its tributaries such as Renhe, Lanhe, Yuehe, Xunhe, and Huangyanghe. The total length o f Hanjiang is 1,567km, and 709km is within the boundary of Shaanxi Province. Hanjiangonce was the exclusive transport channel in the south o f Shaanxi Province. With the development o f continental traffics and the construction o f Shiquan and Ankang Huoshiyan hydropower stations (without facilities for boat operation), the channel was divided into three sections, and a lot o f tributaries started to lose the capacity for boat running.At present, the trunk sea-route of Hanjiang in the boundary o f Ankang City is only 495km, and the others are all Grade Six or Seven sea-routes, which are only competent for supporting short passenger and cargo transportation. The other big tributaries such as Renhe, Xunhe, and Lanhe are mainly for short-distance transportation now. 19. Tourism (1)Ying Lake, situated in the upper reach of Hanjiang 20km at the southwest of Ankang City, is the largest artificial lake in Shaanxi Province formed after the construction o f the Ankang hydropower station dam. Ying Lake now is a provincial scenic and historic interest area. Ying Lake scenic and historic interest area overlaps Ying Lake marsh natural protection area in some parts, but the area o f the former is 7,200 hectares larger than that o f the latter. The road passes by the Lake 50m at the west and is situated near LiushuiTown. (2)Mt. Fenghuang Provincial Forest Park, established in 1996, is located in the middle part o f the backbone Phoenix Mountain, adjacent to Yuehe River at the north, and bordering on Hanjiang River at the south. Built on the basis o f the two forest ranges o f Longyazi and Wangheya in the forestry centers of Ankang City, it covers a total area o f 584 hectares. Hengzi Road is the connection between the park and the outside. - 13 -  Additionally, it is planned to build the Ankang-Maoba Road, the main route o f which is 6km at the edge of the park. After the completion o f the project, tourists may enter the park through Hengkou intersection conveniently. 20. Cultural relics Archaeological Research Institute of Shaanxi Province had carried out spot investigation on areas along the route from September to November 2005 and complementary investigation in December o f the same year, The investigation results indicate that there are seven cultural relics along the route of Ankang-Maoba Road, including a provincial key cultural relic protection unit and three county-level key cultural relic protection units. 21. Minority nationalities Han takes the majority o f the local population inHanbinDistrict, Ziyang County and Langao County, 99% ofthe total, except for 0.7% Hui. 80% Hui people in the project area live in Chengguan, other than a small number in Dadaohe, Wuli, and Lanhe etc. Inaccordancewith the statepolicy on minoritynationalities, their faith and livingconventions, as well as farming activities, gain sufficient respect and assistance. Livingwith Han long lastingly in the project area, Huiappears little difference with other local Hans in farming and living. Most o f them support their families by plantation, working outside or running business. Their children receive education in school with Han. Intermarriage to Han is acceptable, while they sustain their religion and eating habits. 22. Present Situation of Noise EnvironmentalQuality There are 6 monitoring spots of environmental noise along the expressway during the environmental assessment: (1) Noise level o f the countryside along the expressway is 44.7-52.3dB in the daytime and 38.9-41.3dB in the night, reaching to the first class o f the assessment standard (GB3096-93), and the presentsituation o fthe acoustic environment quality is favorable. (2) It can be known that the noise levels o f schools and hospitals in the proposed region are 42.7-52.ldB in the daytime and 36.3-38.6dB inthe night, reaching to the first class o f the noise standard in EnvironmentalNoise Standard in City Areas (GB3096-93) and confirming the project assessment standard (second level). The quality o f acoustic environment is favorable. 23. Present Quality of Water Environment This assessment is mainly done by collecting the data o f routine monitor, such as pH, SS, CODMn, NH3-Nandthe petroleum, and monitoring sections which lack ofdata. There are two monitoringsections. According to the assessmentresult for the present condition o f water quality, Hanjiang section, Renhe section and Yuehe section meet the I1and 111standard. The single factor index o f pollutant for four sections are clearly smaller than 1. That indicates that the water quality o f rivers along the line is good. - 14 -  24. Present Condition of Air Quality 3 monitoring points for the present condition o f environmental air quality are set along the line during construction feasibility study phase o fthe project. (1) The concentration o f Nitrogen Dioxide (N02), which is measured in 3 monitoring points for environmental air quality along Ankang-Maoba Expressway, is amounted 0.003 to 0.038 mg/m3 per hour and 0.004 to 0.030 per day. The concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide (N02) per hour and per day do not exceed the first-level standard (That is 0.12 mg/m3 and 0.08 mg/m3). The concentrations meet the assessmentstandard and are fairly low with much air copacitor. (2) The average total suspended particle (TSP) concentration, which is measured in 3 monitoring points for the environmental air quality, is from 0.056 to 0.199 mg/m3 per day. The average concentrations of three monitoring points do not exceed the corresponding first-level standard (0.12 mg/m3 ) of GB3095-1996 and meetthe assessmentstandard. The Local Road Improvement Pprogram(LRIP) The countryroad project bestrows thoroughly HanbinDistrict, Ziyang County, and Liangao County. Langao County lies in the south o f Ankang, and north of Daba Mountains. It meets in the south the Chengkou County o f Chongqing City, neighbors HanbinDistrict inthe north, Ziyang inthe west and Pingli in the east. Totally it covers 1,851 squ.km, taking 7.87% of AnkangCity. There are 8 towns, 7 townships and 198 villages, with the population o f 168.3 thousand, includingagro-population o f 148.3 thousand. In Langao, there exist sizable mineral resources, like gold, copper, iron (2.2 billion tons in reserve), coal, carbon, asbestos, quartzite, barites, raanite and slates etc. Langao is the also a place o f forest, 400 typical products in number, including lacquer, tea, gutta-percha, Jew's ear, mushroom, fruit and all kinds of hilly potherbs. In2003, Langao began to generate a new strategic policy around the greenization and tourism. All its plans have been finished, o f its GDP by 548.7 million RMB Yuan, 10.83% increase than last year, of its fixed asset investment by 439.5 million RMB Yuan, 46.7% upward than the previous year, and o f its local financial income by 27.02 millionYuan, 7.3% upward. 25. Landform Hanbin District is located in the mountainous region, with deep ravines. Hanjiang River and Yuehe river flow through the center. Yuehe River stands in the middle, QinlingMountains in the north and Bashan mountains in the south. The height difference reaches 1900m in the region, 2 rivers placed between 3 mountains. Langao County is place with chain o f mountains and valleys, in the north o f Daba Mountains, of its peak, 2641m, and of the lowest 331m. Ziyang County stays in one part o f QinBa upland. Hanjiang River flows from northwest to the east, and Renhe River flows from southwest to the north, entering Hanjiang river at Renhezui. These two river valleys divide the whole county region into 4 parts: Daba mountions in southeast, Micang mountions in southwest, Fenghuang Mountains in the north and Songpinghe plain in the east. 26. Climate Sub-tropical continental humid climate covers the whole project region, that is, moderate climate, - 15 -  flush rainfall, clear seasons and long frostless days in the year round. Owing to the high difference of height, regional climate varies greatly, o f its yearly average temperature,14.9- 15.7"C, yearly average rainfall 799.3-1127.8mm and frostless days up to 240-260. Both the temperature and frostless days decrease as the altitude goes upward. 27. River andWater System In the project region, there are rich river distributions, all subordinate to Hanjiang water system. Hanjiang River, the longest one in the region, flows in Hanbin District, 110.2km long, in Langao county, 1Okm, and in Ziyang county 75km. The whole regional drainage area amounts to 100 km2. Of all 17rivers, 104 rivers own each of its drainage area beyond 5 km2. Hanjiang river has its branches like Yuehe, Jihe, Huangyang, Lanhe, Dadao, Donghe, Ruhe, Yuhe, Loushui, Renhe etc, and still subbranches like Henghe, Fujian, Xiaoshui, Quanhe, Raoxi, Panxiang, Zhuxi, Taohe, Siji, Dapanetc. 28. Vegetations Hanbin District is located in the transition of vegetation between the north and the south, where broad-leafwoods, evergreen broad leaf and mixed subtropical woods grow altogether. Thousands of herbal plants live in the region and 100 more commercial products come out of the woods. It has praised with a naturalspecimenmuseum, or a gene depot ofvegetation, or a cradle of Chinese herbs. There lives subtropical and temperate vegetations inthis region, of subtropicalplants like tung, orange, bananaetc, and of temperate plants like poplar, elm, willow etc. Langao, the key forestry area in Shaanxi, owns abundant forest products in 400 more variety, like sumac, tea, gutta-percha, Jew's ear, fungus, fruits and varieties ofpotherbs. Ziyang is a suitable region for some sub-tropical woods like tea, mulberry or orange to living through winter days. 29. WildAnimals This region, with various vegetations in temperate climate, is apt to animal activities. As the project zone is mostly placed in lowland, valleys or low elevated places, where frequent human activities drive the large animals away. Only small ones, but no cat species, can be found along the route valleys, like squirrel, hedgeshrew, hare, boar, or badger etc. There are plenty of birds like sparrow, titmouse, thrush, mynah, culver etc. Some rare birds appear sometimes like hickwall, red belly chook, vulture, pied magpie etc. Still, there exist some migratory birds in category like aigrette, marabou, wild duck, wild goose etc. No more crawling or amphibianvarieties and numbers of wild animals live inthe project area. All to be rebuilt are village roads, which impact mainly on the agricultural region, not on wild animals. 30. Mineral resources There discovers 55 sorts of minerals in 536 areas, and 22 proven reserves at 74 areas indicate the potential value of 5.029 billion RMB Yuan. Some are preceding on state or province list, like mercury, stibium, barite, gold dust, manganese etc. Nowadays, all these mineral exploitations go underway with splendidfuture. 31. Tourism and CulturalRelics Abundant natural, cultural and artificial sceneries give Hanbin District an advantage. Among the 40 - 16 -  resorts and 17 remains, Xiangxi Cave and Yinghu Lake, province leveled, have become the leading attractions, other than the neighboring scopes along the green corridor between Qinba Mountains and Hanjiang River. The statistics show that travelers in 2003 numbers in 750,000, including 3881 foreigners. The gross earnings out oftourism approach43.52 millionYuan. Langao County is well known for its beautiful water and mountains.NanggongshanNational Forest Park, 22km from the city proper, holds a virgin forest by 7,648hm, lava, and thousand age-old robur. Another province leveled resort, Shenheyuan Forest Park, 50km from the town, occupies the land of 3,20Ohm, in which Shentian grassland, Bashanpond and Zhaoyang Cave are famous. Furthermore, there exists The First Drift in the northwestern region on Lanhe river, collecting tour, exploration and sports together, and Qianzenghe nature reserve, regarded as another Jouzhaigo Resort, are under development. Plenty of rivers and reservoirsmake up specific biologic entertainmentfor the outside world. Ziyang county owns its biology by profound culture and profuse arts. Huoshiya reservoir, Leigutai resort, Reheriver drift canbe good selections for travelers. - 17 -  Summary of EIA and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures D. Potential EnvironmentalImpacts and MitigationMeasures Ankang-Maoba Expressway(AME) Major potential impacts and their mitigation measures regarding AME and its linking roads are summaried below and incorporated in the Environmental Mangement Plan (EMP) o f the project. The EMP stipulate how the environmental impacts identifiedinthe EIA will be dealt in the design, construction and operation phases, and institutional arrangements have beenmade for the implementation of the EMP inthe three distinct phases. The key elements of the EMP for AME are summarized inAppendix 1. InDesign Phase 32. Alternative Alignment Among the 4 partial alternatives, the recommended draft was selected, for its less land occupation, bypassing Yinghu nature reserve, Yinghu resort, Hanjiang preservative zone, and less air and noise effect on local life. The comparison to construction to be performed or not gets the final conclusion. That is, the project is necessay for its promotionof loca economy, decrease of traffic accident, and progress of local environment. The further alignment optimization will mitigate the negative impact from the project. The further design should focus on as follows: (1) Set plane line location, meanwhile, to select lengthways line location with combining geology and hydrology situation. Balance filling and digging soil and reduce waste soil. Alignmentalong riverbank possibly avoidsjamming and occupying river way. Linelocation needs to satisfy flood water level demand. 33. Social Disruption 18 passes (average every 4.5km) and 8 grade separator will be constructed to facilitate the crossings of the expressway by local people, animal and vehicles. 34. The proposed An'kang-Maoba Road is designed with environment protection concept, the works of both road line selection and pollution prevention and control embody the environment protection content. Environment protection actions considered in early design includes: i. Road line selection is under principle of less farming land and resettlement, to avoid villages, towns, resident areas, and schools. For soil-filling work of slope, the retaining walls is adopted to save as muchfarming land as possible. - 18 -  Summary of EIA and EMP D. Potential EnvironmentalImpacts and Mitigation Measures ii. Coordinaterelationshipofroadline,irrigationworksandflood preventiontoreduceimpactonthe around environment. For natural rivers, we try to not change the water flow direction and not compact riverbed with water discharging design to avoid pollution on water source or crops around. iii. The flat, vertical or horizontal design is submittedto landform to avoid and reducemuchfilling and excavation working, which may bring geological harm. When much filling working in high place or excavation working in low place cannot be avoided, the working must be strictly controlled. iv. Make good comprehensivedesign for roadbed, road surface, water discharging and bridge systems. To ensure normal road operationand prevent eroding to roadbedand slope, indesign apron walls, arch slope with framework, sliced stone protection wall, retaining walls, and sodding, etc, are adopted. For roadbed and surface design, the side ditches, drainage ditches, intersectionditches are of a discharging system with bridges structure. When road goes along mountain foot or chine, water-stopping ditches are placed for the slope with large square. When road goes through reservoir district, in both sides of roadbed, drainage ditches, side ditches are placed to reduce pollution impact from sewage on crops and to prevent muchwater into the reservoir. v. To ensure existing irrigation and discharging system and people's travel for living and working, enough channels and tunnels are proposedinthe design. vi. Make good design on roadbed borrow and spoil soil, which are preventedto do on farming land as much as possible, vii. Landscapingwork is very important to keep roadbed steady, water and soil reserve and beautiful sight view, which will be good arranged indesign. viii.To prevent and reduce impact on Hanjiang River and the water environment in An'ku, and also Yinghu Wetland Natural Reserve and cultural resorts by road construction and operation, the implementationscheme is changedfrom Hanjiang Scheme infeasibility study to Haoping Scheme. ix. More than 40 plants are used in landscape protection, all from Shaanxi or have been successfully replanted. 35. Preventionof Soil Erosion and Protectionof Soil Resource The whole route of Ankang-Maoba Express way covers a land of 5,956 mu, including paddy field of 865.39 mu, 14.5% of the total; irrigation area of 549.77 mu, 9.23% of the total, dry land of 1,240.29 mu, 20.82%; wasteland o f 404.9 mu, 6.79%; gardens of 34.7 mu, 0.56%; woodland of 1,688.03 mu, 28.34%; and river beaches of 736.12 mu, 12.36% ofthe total. In construction phase, subgrade cut, spoil disturbance will increase the regional soil erosion, which can be mitigated by reasonable alignment selection, greenizing, timely land recovery, ditch paving, slope protection settlement setup etc. Inparticular, the soil erosion modulus in construction phase will be obvious large, the mitigations and water and soil preservations in EIA must be strictly executed to guarantee the recovery back to normal or inferior to the current situations within 2 or 3 years. The following mitigations shall be taken: - 19 .-  Summary of EL4 and EMF D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Preventionfrom Soil Erosion (1) Base on original form, and accordingprinciple of non breaking existent drainage system, little bridge culverts across artificial ditch will be reasonably unite. Natural bridge culverts will be set according to topography, synthesis drainage and catchment area. Both-side transit condition of setting little bridge will be considered, to achieve one-bridge-all-purpose. (2) At left-right separate roadbed, high-low separate roadbed, and along-river-bridge, the design draft should possibly reducedigging naturalslope landand occupying riverside land. (3) Linking line should utilize existent road, reduce influence of digging new road. Linking line will make the most of waste residue of main body o f the project to fill roadbed, which would decrease influence of project total waste residue occupancy. (4) soil and water conservation design. AnKang-MaoBa Highway Water and Soil Conservation Report is compiled by Shaanxi Province Water Maintain ofice. The report achieves special water and soil conservation design for every spot along the road, the major content will be see in relative chapters of Water and Soil Conservation Report. Organizations of road design and implementation should seriously perform special water and soil conservation design measures, and fulfill demands issued by water conservationdepartment. Soil Resource Protection (1) The proposed road occupies more arable land, these land top layer's soil is more fertile, Therefore, at alteration and adjustment phase of constructiondrawing and constructionperiod design, main body of the project, casting soil spot and temporal occupying fertile arable land top layer (0-20 cin) temporal peeling off, piling schemes and other water and soil conservationmeasuresshouldbe indicated, to guarantee utilizing these top layer loamy soil for land re-cultivate in the late period or landscapingmaking green project. (2) Devised interconnection style interchange is limited by topography, its ramp is set under satisfying using function demand, should flexibly master line guideline, possibly utilize advantage topographic extensiveline, and avoid causingloss of local land resource. (3) During setting line at river valleys of HanJiang River, YueHe Rive, RenHe River, line location should be set along one side of mountain foot, do not occupy arable land amidst river valley. (4) Selection taking and casting soil spot should be reasonably set with every segment topography character. Land style and quantity occupied by construction casting soil, and influence of construction shortcut destroying vegetation should be considered toward casting soil spots. Waste residue should be cast near route place, gulch with few vegetation, and valley of wild mountainous land, far from water. At same time, prevention design of waste residueneeds to be completedto avoid new water and soil washing away. Setting detailed taking and casting soil spots should adequately cooperate with local land, - 20 -  Summary of EL4 and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures water resource and other departments, according to land utilizing and programming and water resource equipment layout. 0 According to project design, some taking and casting soil spots of the project occupy sizable arable land. On the basis o f project final decided casting soil spots situation, assessment suggests to adjust several casting soil spots that occupy paddy field, avoid occupying over arable resource. Meantime, at construction drawing phase, road's earth and stone lengthways administration should be enhanced, strive for earth and stone balance, decrease taking and casting earth and stone quantity, consequently decrease taking and casting soil spots quantity and occupying land quantity. 0 During design phase, construction spots, construction shortcut, material store spots, mixer station and other temporal project will be administrated o f land occupancy, reduce temporal occupied land quantity, especially arable land. Construction encampment selecting should mostly utilize existent house and spot along two side o f route. Otherwise, utilizing service area, intercommunication and other permanent equipment occupied land as construction temporal occupancy, for decrease occupied land. Protection Measures of Basic farmland (1) In process o f project construction, implementation organization should seriously carry out Land Management Regulation of People's Republic o f China and Protection Condition o f Basic farmland, pay land compensation fee, arrangement and subsidiary fee and vegetation compensation on time and on quantity. If organization needs to pay arable land cultivation fee, they have to do according to local land management department regulation to guarantee keeping equivalent quantity o f basic farmland. Special government departments of Ankang City and alone the line should carry out principle o f special fund special usage o f basic farmland protection, utilize land compensation for cultivating or reconstructing equivalent quantity new basic farmland to occupied land. (2) At next phase design, route design will conform to local land utilization program, fully utilize local reserve area for communication, and avoid to occupy other arable land or adjust land usage program. Otherwise, in the project design o f roadbed and road surface, earth and stone, taking and casting soil spot selection will avoid taking and casting soil within basic farmland protection area, over limited requisition land scope is not allowed, and meantime, special project and ecology protect measures will be taken toward taking and casting soil spots and side slope surface, to avoid causing new water and soil washing away, and protect land resource. (3) Administrate basic farmland adjustment and supplement work. After the project lawfully getting approval of occupying basic farmland, Shaanxi Provincial Government and along the line influenced local governments should revise Land Utilization Total Program according to document from State Council, and supplementequivalent quantity and quality basic farmland. (4) Less occupy arable land. On the base o f fully consulting with suggestion from along the line local - 21 -  Suminary of EIA and EMP D. Potential Environmental Imuacts and Mitigation Measures governments, layout o f taking and casting soil spot and re-cultivation will combine local water resource and ecology construction, and improve local economic development and resolve local practical difficulty. ( 5 ) Road vegetation should be seriously carried out according to special demand o f Notice about Firmly Prohibit Occupancy Basic farmland Making Green from State Council. If along road area is arable land, vegetation width should be strictly controlled. Vegetation should be within road land scope. Under local government leading, to coordinate with local special departments to build vegetation alley. For vegetation land o f falling short o f regulation, special department won't give approval. 36. Noise There exist 40 environmental sensitive spots inEIAscope, including 32 residentials and 8 schools. Under local condition and economic technology limitation, selection route combining local topographic condition achieves optimizing design toward prevention noise measure along the line. Fully utilizing sensitive spot's topographic condition to plant mix groves, for prevention noise. Preventionnoise measuresas follows: (1) As sensitive spots that noise exponent will exceed quota above 3dB at 2011 during operation initial period, sound barrier would be built at 2010, objective o f diminishingsound exponent is set as long term until2025. (2) As sensitive spots that noise exponent exceeds quota above 1dB below 3dB at 2011 during operation initial period, buildinghighroadbed as sound barrier at 2010. (3) Survey sensitive spots that noise exponent is forecasted exceeding quota below 1dB at 2011 during initial period, or below 2dB at 2017 during midterm, if exceeding quota is serious, operation measure will be adopted. (4) For school, noise exponent exceeds quota above 3dB at day in mid period, operation will be taken at 2010. ( 5 ) Both sides o f road embankment will be planted mix bamboo and shrubbery groves, for increasing effectiveness of prevention noise. The preventions from noise will be operated as Table 4-1. - 22 -  Summary of EIA and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ible 4-1 'revention Nc ;e Measure at Sensitive Spots along .nKang-MaoBa Highway I I Lengthof Forecasting exceeding quota Forecasting Sensitive Distancebetween Measure o f Investment Sensitive (dB1 diminishing Term fore houseand diminishing spot (10,000) spot along I1 ?C -e5 noiserate roadcenter (m) noise the road(m) night day - night I YuJiaHe 1 51f 240 2. 7 Timely survey K196+560 K197+814-Kl9 7+986 setting YangZuDian 2 30 100 3.1 6 172x2.5m sound 68.8 K197+900 barrier at village - edge of both K199+974-K20 0+226 setting DaiHeBa 3 75 0.5 3.4 252x0.8m 20.2 K200+100 concrete brick - sunk fence at For higher of roadbed & small exceeding quota HeJiaBa in this segment, 4 56 100 2.9 5.8 55.2 K203+500 setting 276x2.5m sound barrier at K203+ 362-K203+638 RongGuang 5 Village 57 100 0.6 Timely survey K204+600 - JiangJia 6 Yuanzi 99 400 1.o Timely survey K205+600 K210+584-K21 0+8 16 setting Gao Ming 232x0.8m 7 Village 45 100 0.4 2.8 5 15.0 concrete brick K210+700 sunk fence at - village edge - 23 -  Summary of EL4 and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures .ble4-1(Coi inued) Preve :ionNoise :easuresat SensitiveSpc ;alongAnKang-MaoBa Highwav I Distance Lengthof Forecastingexceedingquota Forecasting Sensitive Measure o f hveshnent betweenfore Sensitive (dB1 diminishing Term spot diminishing houseandroad spotalong (10,0001 noiserate noise center (m) the road(m) - - night night BieGaiZi -8 95 200 2.6 Timely survey K226+900 HuaJiaWan 9 120 210 0.6 Timely survey 12.84 K227+190 K227+244-K22 7+556 ZhongJiaYu 312x0.8m I O anZi 40 200 0.8 3.7 5 20.0 concrete brick K227+400 sunk fence at - edge of village. K234+974-K23 MengJia 5+326 set YuanZi 352x0.8m 11 75 100 0.5 3.4 5 20.0 K235+ concrete brick 100 sunk fence at edge of village. ShuangQing 12 Village 55 100 1.O Timely survey - K235+300 JinPing 13 55 200 1.O Timely survey K235+400 I YuanTang 14 Village 45 200 2.8 Timely survey I K236+300 ZhuJiaKeng 15 45 200 2.8 Timely survey - K236+800 --- K264+824-K26 5+176 set WaFangDia 352x0.8m 16 75 100 1.1 5.7 3.9 5 20.0 nK265+000 concrete brick sunk fence at edge of village. - 24 -  Summary of EL2 and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ible 4-1(Continued', Prevention Noise Measures at Sensitive h o t s aloneAnKanr vIaoBa High " ay Distance Lengthof Forecastingexceedingquota Forecasting Measure o f Sensitive between fore hvestrnent Sensitive (&) diminishing diminishing (10,000) spot houseandroad spot along 2011 2017 - noiserate center (m> noise the road(m) night night (dB) GaoTanTown 35 200 0.6 Timely survey K284+140 - K196+784-K19 JiangDian 7+076 set Primary 292x0.8m 75 40 0.2 3.2 5 18.0 School concrete brick sunk fence at K196+930 edge of village. K245+394-K24 ChangBai 5+546 set ShooldK245+ 35 60 10.7 s.9 13.7 152x4.0m sound 12 128.0 470 barrierat edge of village. K264+834-K26 WaFangDian 5+166 set Primary 332x0.8m 70 100 1.2 1.9 4.0 5 20.0 school concrete brick K265+000 sunk fence at - edge of village. K290+024-K29 DaBa Primary O+ 176 set schoolK290+1 45 20 5.5 7.8 152x2.5m sound 12 30.4 00 barrier at edge of village. ZhengYi Primary 80 70 2.8 Timely survey school K226+95 - XinPu village primary IO0 50 0.9 Timely survey school K227+850 428.44  Summary of EIA and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 37. AmbientAtmosphere (1) From the put into operation to 2025, the concentration o fNO:! on the both sides o f the road will not exceed the Grade I1standard o f the national air quality, in linewith the evaluationrequirement. (2) The concentration o f pollutants at environmental sensitive spots at the two sides o f the road is expected to conform to the Grade I1 level of GB3096-1996 standard, in line with the evaluation requirement. 38. Water Environment Protection (1) Road toll station and management section have to set waster water processor. Cesspool is suggested to use, its water will be regularly used on section vegetation. Service section would set up cesspool plus biological contact oxidation pool (earth bury style) treatment system to process wastewater, its water would be used on farm irrigation, vegetation o f service section and central bell, to achieve standard draining. (2) For preventingroad rainwater directly enter farm field or river along the road, evaporation tank will be designed for collecting water. (3) For diminishingor avoiding water environment pollutioncaused by danger accidentally entering surface water, settingcollecting road-surface-rainwater system at LiuShuiHe River at west side o f LiuShui, YiShuiHe River Bridge, and Han Jiang Special Large Bridge. Bridgehead set evaporation tank to collect road-surface -rainwater, and prevent wastewater risk accident. 39. Cultural Relics According to Cultural Relics Law o f People's Republic of China, Shaanxi Archeology institute has made a survey on routes inthis project. There are 7 cultural relics, of them, 1province level and 3 city level sites. 3 levels are affirmed by Shaanxi Archeology institute and distinctive protections are made accordingly. The project alignment has been consented by Shaanxi Cultural Relic Institute. Prior to the construction, cultural relics construction scopes should be determined by the Cultural Relics Protection Bureau first (within the limits o f the occupied land strictly), on the basis of the investigation results; and then the cultural relics protectionmeasuresshould be carried out accordingly. Dueto the fact that cultural relics site investigationwas not conducted inthe GaoPing segment, inthe further design phase, cultural relics investigation will be conducted first to make it clear whether there is cultural relics along the road or not. Then the cultural relics protection grade and scheme should be decided before the project design and construction. 40. Flood Control There are plenty o f rivers in construction area main of which are Hanjiang River and its 11 branches, namely, Ziwu River, Chihe River, Renhe River, Yuehe River, Huangyanghe River, Bahe River, Xunhe River, Shuhe River, Baishihe River, Nanjianghe River and so on. A11 the mentioned rivers have the - 26 -  Summary of EIA and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures functions o f flood control and relievation. Inthe design phase, designers have adopted sufficient bridge and culvert programs and water-carrying sections schemes in order to meet the flood control and relievation requirements. 41. AfforestationandLandscapeImprovement Since the construction area is located in mountainous region with rich vegetation coverage, the construction will have impact on the vegetation and spoil the landscape to the considerable extent. Therefore the measures listed as follows will be taken to reduce the impact to miniinium: (1) Through bridge and tunnel method, elaborately researching o f selecting route decreases cutting points, earth and stone, and square. At initial design phase, cutting points number is less than feasibility report phase, decreasing more cutting quantity and cutting bare square, and further reducing influence toward mountain landscape. (2) Due to cutting slope grade o f the whole line is soft, all cutting points have designed measures of renew landscape, including renew vegetation. (3) For coordinating with natural landscape o f BaShan Mountain, vegetation design will assume local plants. (4) Adopt advantage operation technology, reduce construction bare surface at tunnel entrance, and cover these with vertical vegetation. (5) Natural water surface o fAnKang-MaoBao Road, YingHu Lake Natural Reserve and YingHuLake landscape area are precious landscape resources within visible scope of the road. From utilizing water surface, vegetation and physiognomy, passengerswould enjoy natural atmosphere during the traveling. 42. Ecology Protection According to the analysis o f suface vegetation, productivity, quality and stability o f ecological system, exotic species invasion the influence on animals, it can be inferred that the project will have liinited influence on ecological environment. Furthermore, the measures will be taken in design phase to pretect environment: i.VegetationProtectionandRecoveryMeasures (1) According to roadbed fonn alone the road, environment condition o f segment, vegetation function, road landscape and guidance sight, vegetation o f main body will be designed in segment. Prohibit randomly enlarge vegetation area. Area between slope foot and drainage will plant shrubbery, space between drainage and road edge plant mix o f arbor and shrubbery. That will assort with local shelter belt. Selection of vegetation species should avoid kinds that would cause local plant diseases and insect pests, or harm local ecology. (2) Central separate belt should have function o f prevention giddy at night, appropriately plant - 27 -  Summary of EIA and EMP D. Potential Envivonmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures evergreen flower shrubbery, which height should be 1.2 to 1.5 meter. (3) Vegetation o f interchange not only plant plane vegetation but also vertical, to fonn 3-dimension vegetation area. Inter side o f ramp mainly root shrubbery, reduce grass area, for increasing ecology effectiveness, and reducing management task and cost. (4) Vegetation in service section, management office, toll station should be harmonious with these facilities' layout and building. (5) Adopt local species simulating natural vegetation cover up tunnel entrances. (6) Select plant should suit to local soil, which guarantee vegetation survival rate. In design, usage of little coronal flower should be paid attention, for it is fast-growth advantage species. Prevent it accessing farm field and natural environment outside road boundary, especially remote natural environment, for it would cause ecology intrusion problem. Local arbor, as Ch. Pine, arborvitae, chestnut, acacia, white poplar, soapbark, cork, metasequoia, maple, galbanum, privet, Ch. Tallow tree etc., and local shrubbery, as oriental blueberry, azalea, spicebush, Ch. pistache etc., will be used for vegetation design, let road vegetation melt innatural landscape. ii.YingHuLack MarshLandNatural Reserve Protection (1) Borrow and spoil site can't be set inarea of reservation. (2) Service section, management section, Parking section and other facility can't be set in reservation. 43. Tough the probability o f traffic accident is small, it is necessaryto design the protection scheme in the Hanjiang section. It is suggested that the rain fall collection system on the surface of the bridges like Hanjiang Super Bridge, Yijiahe Bridge and LiushuiheBridge should be adopted in order to guide the rain fall to the deposit pools located at the both ends of the bridge to be vaporized. And the treatment of the water quality should be taken in case o f the emergency with the purpose o f avoiding or reducing the water pollution due to the spill of the dangerous goods. In ConstructionPhaset 44. Removal and Resettlement The following items have been decided in the proposed project: bricks blendingbuildings 57763 m2, brick and wooden buildings 17554 m2, soil and wooden houses 27493 mz, 3 enterprises or government institutions. The Removalthe Resettlement Scheme has been designed inthe Implement Plan to make sure that the people concerned will be resettled properly. The cautions listed as follows should be taken into consideration in the removal and resettlement process: - 28 -  Summary of EL4 and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts andMitigation Measures (1) New address o f village arrangement should be apart from proposed AnKang to MaoBao Road over 200 meters. (2) ChangBai School only removes 2 rooms dormitory, belong partly remove. After remove, school's front remain space will be storehouse or library, new classroom and dormitory will be built at rear part space. The new address should be apart from MiXiLiangChannel entrance over 200 meters. 45. Ambient Atmosphere Protection (1) Mortar and soil mixing along the road is the biggest mobile pollution resource in operation. If ground wind speed is over 4th grade, its operation needs to be terminated, and meantime, loading and unloading o f lime and other bulk material must adopt falling dust measure. (2) Concrete mixing station is the biggest fixed pollution resource in road construction. Therefore, mixer should be perfectly sealed, and add I1grade dust abatement equipment. Enhance labor protection for operators. Selection address o f Bitumenfactory and milling station should be far from residential area, or leeward side o f sensitive point beyond over 200 meters. (3) Transportation and temporary store o f bulk material, as earthwork, cement, lime and others, should adopt windbreak measure, to reduce raising dust quantity. According to weather situation, sprinkle water on bare construction road and site. (4) Building organization must choose construction machine and transportation tool conforming to state hygiene protection standard, to ensure its exhaust emission conforming to state standard. Strengthen maintenance for equipment, and reduce unnecessarily racingtime, to control exhaust emission. (5) Operators and building workers are the heaviest effected by environment air pollution in constructionperiod. Organization needsto emphasis on labor protection measure for operators and building workers, such as decreaseworking time and provide block dust respirator. 46. Noise The noise impact is temporary (including the explosion and vibriation in the construction), so the construction schedule will be arranged in the daytime to ensure the rest time of the local residents. The environmental impact can be reduced to the minimum if the management, supervision and monitoring are enhanced. (1) Noise in construction phase is mainly caused by automatic machine and transportation vehicle. Implementation organization must choose construction equipment and vehicle conforming to state standard, try to select low noise making machine and techniques. Heavy shaking fixed machine should add damping base, and meantime enhance all kinds o f equipments' maintenance and protection, to keep its perfectly running.Try to reduce intension ofnoise resource. (2) Intensive implementation noise would cause people several kinds of ailment and noise deafness. For protecting building workers' health, implementation organization should rationally arrange shifts to - 29 -  Summary of EIA and EMP D. Potenfial Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures operate heavy noise machine, consequently reduce time of workers touching intensive noise. Meanwhile, pay attention on machinemaintenance,to let buildingroadequipments keep noise in lowest level. For staff near highradiant intensity and heavy noise resource, not only adopt labor protection measure as blocking soundearplug, but also appropriately decrease working time. (3) Noise of building road machine running has some character as bursting-out, irregularity, incontinuity, and heavy intension etc. According to investigation, noise of implementation sometime is over 4 kinds of standard, normally assume changing implementationmethodto mitigate. For instance, could set working time of heavy noise resource at day-time, or suitably change operation time of all kinds of machine. For reducing sound resource of material transportation and knocking in working time, sub-contractorsneedto enhance efficient managementto mitigate noise by civilized operation. (4) For segments near centralized village or town residential area, implementation of machine with intensive noise should stop running at nighttime (22:OO - 6:OO). Working spots that must continually construct, according to practical situation, implementation organization should contact with local environment protection department on time, apply night construction card by regulation, at same time, proclaim notice to get public support, and use transferring or temporary sound block or other measure of prevention noise. (5) Working shortcut should be far from sensitive spots as residential area or school. Ifnear shortcut' range within 50 meters located cluster residential area, prohibit transport construction material by shortcut at night. For shortcut that must transport in the night, should set banned ringing and limited speed signal. Miles per hour of vehicle passingshould be limited below 30kmh. (6) Distance sensitive-point o f mixing site and bitumen milling station should be above or equal 200 meters. (7) Making heavy shaking implement near village, such as bridge pier tamping, vibrating type road roller operation, etc.), or exploding operation, should survey civil house near temporary operation site, to avoid accident. For civil house heavily influenced by implementationvibrating, should assume necessarily repair measure. 47. Water Environment Protection The measures listed below will be taken according to the EMPso as to reduce the water pollution by the constructionto the minimium. (1) For along rive segment that both side of step and ground undulate largely, should set temporary sediment bowel at potentially rain water passed segment, during digging roadbed period, for blocking silt and sand, and avoiding river way stagnation, to reduce water and soil washing away. Deep of sediment bowel normally is 1 meter, its size is based upon catchment square, location on physiognomy and topography. Sediment bowel water outlet side should be encircled with canvas fabric at necessary time. After constructioncompletion, roll out sediment bowel and renew vegetation and cultivation land. - 30 -  Summary of EIA and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures (2) Bridge building's operation, such as digging silt in river or washingconstructionmaterial as sand and stone, would muddle water and effect river water quality. Improving construction techniques, as cofferdam or sinking well, would preventriver pollution caused by bridgeconstruction. For perenniallarge flux river, using sinking well method reduce pollution of river water quality. As small flux river, for its riverbed is wider than river surface, cofferdam method could effectively prevent water quality muddle causedby construction, and constructionrubbishcastingriver to pollute water quality. Otherwise, building bridgepier needto use sediment circle techniques, to diminishsilt and sand droppinginto river. (3) In construction area, domestic sewage, rubbish need to be collectively treated, can't be directly discharged into water body. Domestic sewage adopts cesspool treatment, through waterlogged, sediment, disinfection, and then use on cultivated land irrigation or compost. Prohibit randomly discharge without treatment. (4) Oil leakage from machine or constructionship or waste oil dumpage into water would make water pollution. So that, should enhance environment management, launch environment education, to nip in the bud. (5) Constructionmaterials, as bitumen, oil plant, chemical, can't pile near river water body, rather far from rive, andequiptemporary coveringcanvas, to avoidstorm rainbrushingand flowing into water body (6)Timely tamp roadbed in implementationperiod,to avoidwashingerosion. At building roadsurface period, firstly can't operate inrainingseasonthat would cause bitumenresidue, and thentimely crushdown and paveto avoidwashing. Prohibitcastingbitumenresidue into river. (7) Selectionaddress o f building material site, prefabricationfactory and mixing station, should be far from residential area and leeward beyond over 200 meters. Wastewater caused by prefabrication factory and mixing station need to be treated in sediment bowel firstly, then discharge. Discharged water SS & COD and oil density should satisfy GB8978-996 Wastewater Integrated Discharge Standard 1degree demand. (8) Intunnel construction, constructionwastewater caused by paddingmaterialselectionand treatment procedure, and living wastewater by building encampment, should be handled according to treatment of wastewater from mixing station and encampment. 48. Ecology Environment protection The measures will be taken to reduce the eco-environment impact in the construction phase as follows: Measure o f Vegetation Protection along the Road (1) According to Forest ProtectionLaw of People's Public of China term 19, prohibit mining stone, sand and soil. Passing forest, project need to demarcate limited construction area, and confine lopping wood at minimal level. Construction in forest, especially natural forest, should pay attention on - 31 -  Summary ofEIA and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures fireproofing. (2) According to local geology situation, exploding method, using dynamite quantity, and distance should be seriously considered, to define explosion maximum swing, for avoiding heavy explosion swing effects stability o f mountain body, and further around vegetation growth. (3) Temporary construction occupancy land should be set in scope of road requisition, as interchange section, toll station etc., building encampment rent existent house and ground. All bare land caused by construction destroyed vegetation, including inside and outside o f road boundary, should be quickly repaired after completion project, renew vegetation and arable land. (4) In construction, negotiate with local land management department to integrate casting soil land with agriculture development program and farmland basic construction. Renew arable land and vegetation after completion project. (5) For casting-soil-piling-slope, different materials' stability element should be considered. Rejuvenation measure should operate residue tamping and stabilizing, and covering with loamy soil for renew arable or planting pioneer spices. (6)Prohibit planting vegetation with plant diseases and insect pests. (7)Suggestion for channel implementation as follows: firstly, forecast underground water situation of channel, to ensure knowing frontage hydrology situation during implementation, and adopt rational measures, as leading drilling, geology radar, infrared, TSP etc, to avoid needless loss. Secondly, according to re-checking underground water's erosion degree and sort, adjust design style on time, and meanwhile, adopt relative anti-erosion measure. Thirdly, make underground water blocking work, carry out priority measure of blocking, pre-blocking, to avoid underground water dry that cause environment destruction. Fourthly, make survey work toward water and spring point around channel. Emerging any abnormal situation should submit special department to assume relative measure. Finally, suggest to set up special department for treating issue underground water, such as leaking water, flowing mud and sand or earth surface collapsing. (8) Pay attention on ventilation tilt well at MiXi Bridge channel: 0 Building tilt well shortcut strictly follow design, hardly dig mountain. 0 Waste residue-piling need to be shielded and drained on time, to prevent water and soil washing away and forming mudflow 0 Waste material and living rubbish of encampment and material store site need to be collected on time, to avoid environment pollution. 0 Strictly operate fireproof measureto prevent forest fire. 0 Seal operation shortcut on time after completion project, to protection local natural - 32 -  Summary of EL4 and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ecology. Measures for Land Resources Protection along the Road (1) Temporary sites, as Bridge component prefabricationsite, mortar and soil mixer station, bitumen mill station and building material piling site, mostly set in scope of road requisition. After project completion, these sites shouldbeturnedup and renewas arable field. 20 cm surface layer of occupiedbasic farm field need to be piled separately, which will be used on new cultivation land, shabby land, or other cultivation landamendment. (2) Building casting soil spot should conform to demand to avoid new produced water and soil washingaway. (3) Construction shortcut need to renew as cultivationfield, except part kept for local farm shortcut usage. (4) Encampment mostly rent local people's house or public hours. If these are set within road area, shouldprevent living wastewater and rubbishpollutingwater environment. (5) Several channel project produce abundance casting residue of channel. For instance length o f Phoenix Mountain Channel is over 4.9 km, quantity of casting residue approximately is 290,000 m3. AnKang City is programmingto build YueHe NorthRoad, lengthis 28 km, width ofroadbedis 6.5 meters, as roadbedfilling height is 1.5 meter, it needs to take soil 294,000 m3.If casting waste residueof Phoenix Mountain Channel would be organically integratedwith this road building, the residue issue will be will solved. (6) Building of project link-lineand shortcut mostly adopt main body project's casting waste residue to fillroadbed, therefore reduce influenceof total residue occupied land of project Protection ofYingHu L a k e Natural Reserve The route of the planned An'kang-Maoba Expressway passes through the experiment zone o f the Yinghu WetlandNatureReserve, with a lengthof 15 kilometers.Among the whole route, the bridgescover 1.89 kilometer in length(Yuehe Bridge covers 270 meters, Yijiahe Bridge covers 970 meters and Liushuihe Bridgecovers 650 meters). The roadbase is 13.11 kilometerslongin total. In March 2005, Shaanxi Provincial EnvironmentalProtectionBureau appraised that the AME Project can pass throughthe ExperimentalSection inthe Natural Reserve(No. 30 of ShaanEPDocument). On the basis of the analysis of the Impact on the Reserve Range of the Area, the Impact on the Segregation of the Reserve, the Impacts on the Water Environment,the Vegetation and the Animals under the protection and the Dwendling of the Reserve, it can be concluded that the overall impact of the construction on the Reserve is limited It can be said that the proposed project passing through the experimental section of the Yinghu Natural Reserveis accordance with the Regulations of People 's Republic of China on Natural Reserve. The measuresmentioned below will be taken: Prohibit settingresiduesite and materialsite within reservation. - 33 -  Summary of EIA and EMP D. Potential Environmental Imuacts and Mitiaation Measures (1) After implementation finished, must renew temporary occupied land in reservation as pre-function. (2) Protectevery facility within reservation. (3) Standardizeimplementationteam, prohibit building worker prey wild animal inreservation. (4) Pay attention on safely using fire at constructionsite. Prohibit casting or piling living wastewater and rubbish of project site in YingHu Lake Marsh Natural reservation. PromulgateWild Animal ProtectionLaw, andAtrack PreyingWildAnimal Behavior ( 1) Improve building workers' protection awareness, and prohibit preying wild animal. Building workers must obey Wild Animal ProtectionLaw of People's Public of China, prohibit preying wild animal in construction area and around, especially state grade protected animal. Prohibit building workers and local residentpreying amphibianand crawler, to avoid `eating snake trend, and eatingfrog trend'. (2 ) Investigateconstructionperiodoftime and style, for reducinginfluencetoward animal Prevent explosion sound to disturb wild animal. Wild avian and beast normally prey food at dawn, dusk or night, noon is rest time of avian. For reducing construction explosion sound disturb wild animal, explosionstyle, quantity and schedule should be rational arranged, and avoid exploding at dawn, dusk and noon. (3 ) Preventionpollution of animal living environment Be based upon attitude of ecology and environment protection, suggest making pre-work of implementation program, before the project construction. During implementation, enhance casting waste residue site protection, and strengthen sanitation management of building workers, such as individual hygiene, dejecta and living wastewater. Forbid directly draining domestic sewage, for reducing water pollution. Make renew work of ecology environment after project completed, for largely reducing vegetationdamage. With road building and foresting, mountain, water, forest and avian will fabricate new landscape. (4) According to relationship between distribution areas o f the animals under the state protection degree and the proposed route in the Evaluation Scope, the measures of popularizing of the WildAnimals Protection Rules, attacking the activity of hunting for wild animals and avoiding the explosion in the dawn and dust will be takento protectthe wild animalsunder state protection degree. Protection Measureand Suggestionfor Hydrobiont Practically strengthen water environment protection, and avoid emerging over-nourishing at some water area along the road. Try to limit influence on hydorbiont living environment to minimal level. - 34 -  Summary of EIA and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Protection measurement for hydorbiont in implementperiod as following: (1) Living rubbish and wastewater of encampment can't be randomly drained to local water area. Living rubbish collectedly piling is sent to municipals' rubbish station by implement vehicle. Living wastewater must be treated through cesspool, oil separator and other equipment, then to drain. (2) Pile of material should be put far from water head and other water area, and place that hardly be scoured by storm water stream. Ifpart material piled near bridge location, should dig open ditch, sinking sand well, and block fence, to avoid storm water flowing into water and effect water quality. All kinds of material should be equipped rainproof and flashing. Site of casting soil and residue o f construction should be protected according environment protection demand. (3) Ifconstruct bridge in water, prohibit casting wastewater, rubbish, and waste oil from ship and other construction equipment into water body. All pollutant should be collected and treated together. Diggingsilt, residue o fbridge constructioncan't beput into riverand reservoir. Yinghu Scenic Area Protection Ying Lake, situated in the upriver of Hanjiang 20km at the southwest of Ankang City, is the largest artificial lake in Shaanxi Province formed after the construction o f the An'kang hydropower station dam. Covering four counties and districts including Hanyin, Ziyang, Langao, and Ankang. Ying Lake now is a provincial scenic area. Ying Lake scenic area sharesthe large areawith YingLakemarsh natural protection area insome parts, while the area o f the former is 7,200 hectareslarger than that o f the latter. The road passes the Yinghu scenic area inthe west o f Liushu town, which is 50m west from the scenic area. After the completion o f the project, tourists may enter the scenic area conveniently through the Liushuiinterchange. ( 11 Prohibit settingresiduesite and material site within scenic area. (2) After implementation finished, must renew temporary occupied land. (3 ) Protect every facility within scenic area. (4) Standardize implementation team, prohibit buildingworker prey wild animal inreservation. (51 Pay attention on safely usingfire at construction site. (6) Prohibit casting or piling living wastewater and rubbish of project site in YingHu Lake Scenic Area. 49. Traffic and Safeguard (1) Before construction, local road that transportation vehicle pass need to be operated technique survey and consolidation, and pay attention on maintenance and protection. Building transportation vehicle should shun local road communication peak tide, to avoid traffic jam and accident. When construction - 35 -  Summary of EL4 and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures complete, destroyed village road and ditch in project implementation should be repaired, or pay some compensation to local government for reparation cost. (2) In construction period, set safety sentry at interchange exit, population centralized area and school segment, and transportationpassing village, to maintain security. (3) At explosion time, formulate timetable, strictly control people go in and out, prohibit vehicle and walker transit. For un-remove household far from explosion point, at explosion time, pay allowance to them for temporary leaving. (4) Selecting address for construction encampment, bitumen milling station and prefabrication factory, should aware around mountain's stability, and don't choose at underside o f slope or collapse place, 50. Cultural relics There are 7 sites o f cultural relics near proposed road route, so that should launch propagation of culture relics protection in construction organization, and strictly define construction area. If detect underground cultural relics in construction period, implementation should be immediately terminated and timely submit to local cultural relics protection department, and adopt appropriate protection measure. 51 Vibration Monitoring . When vibration-producing construction (compaction of piers or operation of vibrating rollers) is carried out, the neighboring adobe houses will be under supervision. Reparative measures will be taken if they are exposed to severe vibration and likely to suffer from damage. 52. Protection o f Visual Resources It is suggestedto locate borrow sites at smaller hillsides. Inexcavation, it is better to out off the whole hill headto make use of. Ifit is impossibleto make full use of, itis better to excavate at the backside. (1>Itis suggestedthat the whole route takes naturalgreenizations. Ofits planting species, local ones are best selections, to be designed by qualified unit. (2) Material site are choosen beyond the sightseeing, also away from scenic mountain bodies, especially some hills listed in scenery. Collection o f stone and other materials shall be restricted in size and inright position. Allthe excavated sections are repaired for betteringlook. In OperationPhase 53. Local Plan Bilding program along the road, can't have resident house, school, hospital and other sensitive building within distance o f road central line 200 meters. 54. Noise The prediction o f traffic noise reveals, (1) In 2011, the daytime noise level o f 3 1 villages along the route will reach the standard, and the night noise level o f 7 villages will exceed the standard, with the maximum exceeding volume 3.ldB; in - 36 -  Summary of EIA and EMP D. Potential EnvironmentalImpacts and Mitigation Measures 2017, except 1 spot where the noise exceeds the standard by 5.7dB, the daytime noise level of the other sensitive spots conform to the evaluation standard. The 20 spots exceed the standard at night, with the maximum value being 5.8dB; in2025, 7 spots exceed the standard, with the value being 0.1 dB to 8.3 dB, and almost all spots exceed the standard at night, with the exceedingvalue being 1.4 dB to 16.5 dB. (2) With regard to the eight schools in the project evaluation scope, the noise value of Changbai School exceeds 2.6 dB (A) at daytime inthe near future (201l), and the other sensitive spots are all in line with the evaluation standard (Grade 11). Four spots exceed the standard at night, with the maximum exceeding value being 10.7 dB; two sensitive spots exceed the standard at daytime in 2017, with the maximum exceeding value being 8.9 dB, and six schools exceed the standard at night, with the maximum value being 13.7 dB; six schools exceed the standard at daytime in 2025, with the exceedingvalue being 11.5 dB, and all ofthe sensitive spots exceedthe standard at night, with the exceedingvalue being 19.7 dB. The follows measures will be taken, (1) Set forbidding whistle signal at school segment. (2) Operate vehicle noise survey, prohibit vehicle on road, which making noise is seriously over standard. (3) About building program along the road, can't build resident house, school, hospital and other sensitivebuildingwithin distance ofroad central line 200 meters. (4) Mobilizing along the road public and local government, and integrating local ecology construction program and green passage project, plant trees in between village and road based upon program, to protect environment. (5) Noise prevention measure in operation long-term. According to noise forecasting result, in some villages alongthe road, noise seriously exceed quota in operate long-term period. At that time, according to vehicle flow accumulation, adopt related prevention measure through practical survey. Road operation organizationwill afford administration cost. After athe necessary measures, the exceeding amounts at village, school, and hospital are to be controlled below 3dB. 55. PreventionMeasurefor Air Pollution The concentration of pollutants at environmental sensitive spots at the two sides of the road is expected to conform to the Grade I1 level of GB3096-1996 standard, in line with the evaluation requirement. The area along the road is very suitable for tree growth. Therefore, suggest planting several kinds of arbor and shrubbery near both sides of road, especially in sensitive section, according to local climate and earth character. In this way not only purify and absorb pollution from vehicle exhausting air, to decrease total suspending mote in air, but also perfectenvironmentand improve landscape along the road. - 37 -  Summary of EIA and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 56. PreventionMeasure for Transportation Accident and Pollution Perfect prevention design for transportation accident (1) Perfect design for drainage system bring stream of bridge surface into roadbed gutter, to avoid HanJiang River is polluted by casting dangerous goods. (2) Separately set warning board and speed limitation signal toward vehicle with dangerous goods, at big bridgehead, for warning driver to pay attention on safety drive and control driving speed. Management measure toward dangerous goods transportation (1) Design road surface or bridge surface rainwater collection and drainage system at route's water environment sensitive segment, as Yihe River Bridge, LiuHe River Bridge, and HanJiang River Special LargeBridge. (2) Reinforce preventingcollision fence at both sides o fbridge segment. (3) For avoid chemical accident risk, design perfect road surface rainwater collection system, lead rainwater through side gutter into evaporating pool for sediment. When occur accident, utilize the rainwater collection system to collectively treat. (4) Set declaration point for chemical dangerous goods transportation at high speed road entrance, check these vehicles' navicert, driver license, escort license, and dangerous goods traveling list, ifnecessary, administrate safety examine toward these vehicles. Prohibit those vehicles without whole license traveling on road, and add dangerous goods transportation standard on the vehicle. (5) Administrate examine and control o fwhole traveling toward transporting dangerous goods vehicle, to prevent those vehicles high speed driving, overtaking. Iftransportation quantity is over large, should be operated communication control for reducing accident rate. (6) Fully function supervision, examine and managementrole o f toll station, road administration and road cruise police, to check tank car without declaration and dangerous goods transportation signal. Prohibit vehicle, which didn't transact procedure according to regulation, entering into high speed road. (7) Prohibit vehicle with dangerous goods traveling on the road in storm and fog time, which standby at related segment's service section or management station. EmergencyResponse to theAccident of Dangerous goods Transportation ( 1) The management personnel should have fully understanding o f the names, the conditions, the transportation ways and the attributes o f the accidents in order to react, manage and guide properly in case o f the accidents. (2) In the case o f the accident, reports should be made to the authorities by any means of communication facilities. (3) The Expressway Management Institution should respond immediately after the report and send the traffic petrels or fire fighters to the accident spots for security. (4) The dangerous goods can be discarded ifinsolid form, while the report about the case should be kept. - 38 -  Summary of EIA and EMP D. Potential EnvironmentalImpacts and MitigationMeasures (5 ) If the dangerous goods are in gas form and toxic, the fire fighters should be equipped with masks and the information o f the accident should be sent to the EP Bureau and Public Security Bureau to evacuate the residents nearby inthe case that the toxic goods are not avoid emitted. (6) Since the Project involves many programs crossingthe Hanjiang River, ifthe dangerous goods in liquid form are emitted into the river, report must be sent to the EPBureau and the containers must be salvaged immediately. The EP Bureau should inform the local residents and those inthe down river areas not to take water from the river; with EPexperts beingsent for monitoringat the same time. 57. Soil and Water Conservation Plan The digging earthwork is large in An'kang to Maoba expressway construction. Though after adjustment and careful planning, due to the limitation o f the local topographic condition, certain sections still produce more spoil dregs and the engineering discards are piled loosely, if not dealt with properly, or piled on both sides o f the highway, they will not only damage the nearby vegetation and soil conservation facilities, but are likely to cause collapse, landslip or soil erosion so as to have harmfuleffects on the on the soil and water environment and the conservation facilities and also have potential danger to the safe operation o f the highway. After the estimation, the total spoil dregs o f the project construction are 4.9176 million m3. Concerning the different soil and water conservation division and target, inthe light o f the project requirements and construction conditions, different conservation precepts are adopted. For the overall layout o fthe conservation plan, see Table 4-2. - 39 -  Suminary of E U and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Table 'rotection Topography unit Major soil and water conservation measures and suggestions division Road Cove and diamond protecting slopes; plant grass, starch slab stone Roadbed bank rotection wall, earth block wall, shoulder block earth wall Main project Road Diamond slope, plant grass, protection wall, drainage (side and cu project moat ditch, drain), anti-slip block wall, seeping ditch and othe region Bridge,culvert bridge: starch or dry slab stone pave the slopes, protection wall and crossover intercross overpass, build block walls in filling section, mixture Low project (arch-slope + vegetation measures) slope protection and vegetatio1 iountainou! Before discarding, build protection measures; after discarding and Hilly renovate the sloDe surface and the datform (level UD and cover) region Discardedwaste pits lplant vegetation' on the slope surface, regenerate &regs dais o restore vegetation. Newly opened Renovate the deserted land or plant shrub plants or restore to it, 'emporaq Construction IRepair, plant grass or trees or restore to its original capacity I land livingregion . . I I ccupatioi Prefabricating Renovate or plant shrub plants or restore to its original capacity field ~~ Arch and diamond protection slopes, plant vegetation, starch slab Road stone protection wall, block wall, shoulder block, earth wall, Roadbed bank . drainage (side and cut ditch, drain) temporary measures. Main project Road Diamond protection slope, plant vegetation, face protection wall, project moat drainage (side and cut ditch, drain),anti-slid block wall, anti-slid region bridge: starch or dry slab stone pave the slopes, protection wall, Tall intercross overpass, filling section build earth block wall, mixture iountainou crossover project(arch slope + vegetation measures) slope protection and vegetation and Hilly region Before discarding, build protection measures; after discarding, renovate the slope surface and the platform (level up and cover), Discarded dregs sites plant vegetation on the slope surface, regenerate dregs dais or restore vegetation. 'emporary Newly built Repair the deserted land, plant shrub plants or restore to its original land Construction Maintainance, plant grass or trees or restore to its original capacity ccupation living region - 40 -  Summary of EIA and EMP D. Potential EnvironmentalImpacts and Mitigation Measures Spoil Earth Design The expressway project lies in the mountainous region along the river valley. According to the different features of local geology, there are possiblythree types of discarded waste stack fields: ditch stack, gentle slope stack and bottomland stack.. The roadbedfilling inthis project mainly uses its own producedstuff and discardsthe rest of the stuff trough tunnel. The expressway passes through narrow valleys, which requires huge filling work. Roadbed filling materials use the remnant roadbed earthworkand vertical transport andtransportthrough the tunnels. Discard most of the earth and stone earthwork. Many spoil stack fields are set up along the expressway, normally on the sloping region at the foot of the mountain or the shoals beside the river or the gentle dry riverbed sloping regions. In order to prevent soil erosion, protect the ecological environment, all the spoil earth stack sites have drainage, conservationand greening comprehensive design. Inthe small ditch ways, set up stone block with pervious bed to stack earthwork. The earthwork must not be dumped into rivers passages. Greening Design Within the land limitation, the planning expressway has the greening design inthe central separation belt, roadside slopes, slope protection path, separation fence, motorway exchange and intercross overpass region. Inthe expressway design, the central separation belt, all the intercrossoverpass and the service zone will be completely greened according to its topography and physiognomy, selecting local trees, suitable shrubs or grass, The greening lengthis 40km, excluding tunnels. Within the land limitation (lm-3m or even wider), the outer edges of the expressway and of the drainage on the top of road moat plant one line or a couple of lines of arbor or shrubs, certain parts can plant grass. Concerning the scenic and environmental protection functions of the expressway, such as reduce noise and dust, in the inner sides of the filled roadbed and the outer sides of the digging roadbed, plant respectively 1-2 line evergreen shrubs or shrubs with flowers. To diminish the dullness of the long straight way, combine tress with various of color and shape. The types of tree are made different in the interval of every 10meters. The central vegetation can function as separation belt at night to prevent the dazzling light. In order not to affect drives' sight, evergreen shrubs or shrubs with flowers, anti plant diseases and insect pests, 1.2-1.5 metershigh are preferred. The greening of the intercross overpass region should have independent design. Green the region outside the overpass on the large scale and try to maintain the original vegetation around the interchange. Trees can attract people's sight at the exit and entrance ofthe interchange. Shrub will be plantedon the side of exit and flowers and grass in the triangle area of the turns to narrow the sight. The greening of the interchange region should consider the surrounding environment, plant some local plants and set up some man-made scenery to make every region have its own features, including variety, design, layout and so on. Besides horizontal greening, there should be vertical greeningto form a integratedvegetation scenery. - 41 -  Summary of EIA and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Countryroad The countryroad EAP draft has been made out. The Ankang - Maoba expressway has got avaivable measures in design, construction and service phase for negative impact mitigation, such as scenic protection, traffic safety, cultural relics, biologic protection, risk transport etc. The measures work to the countryroad too. The following listed are measure for special impacts and mitigations. 58. E1 ( 1)Most countryroads are supposed to berebuilt, except 8 new roads. Reasonable alignment indesign phase is key factors for environmental impact. (2) Biologic impact are major one for countryroad rebuildings, especaily in construction phase, the damage to vegetation and earth work disturbance increase the regional soil erosion. But, the end of construction will be the time for recovery o f land level, greenizing and resume o f soil erosion within 2 or 3 years. (3 ) The countryroad alignment lay inriver banks and valleys. The construction will bringinillimpact on rivers, especially the SS exceeding the standards. It is suggested the quarry and material site to be selected away from rivers to avoid rain water erosion, andthe cleanup o f river coursesafter construction. (4 ) The illimpact on sound and air quality from machinery work and dust in village and shools can be mitigated by reasonable arrangement o f working hours, nutritionally protective distance from route etc. ( 5 ) The severe impact on current traffic in construction phase can be mitigated by sectional work, traffic organization and specific leading o f vehicles. Indoing so, accidents can be avoided. (6>Inservice phase, there exist small amounts oftraffics, besidesthe dense vegetation and sparse house distributions. Sectional sound monitoring presentsthe slight sound impact inferior to the standards. 59. Countryroad EPmeasures Ecologic impact and mitigations @ Spoil site positioning shall comply with construction regulations and procedures for examination and acceptance. At backward, sand block embankment can be set up to stop spoil. Good drainage and greenizing, as well as less residue will do good to route marsh. @ Surfaced 20cm farmingsoil are piled separately for renewingnew irrigated, inferior land and other soils. @ The end oftempertory land taking meansthe beginning o f recovery of land leveling and greenizing or farming. Acoustic impact mitigations @Construction units shall select normalized machineries and vehicles, with low sound work and procedure. @ Contractors are requested to civilize their construction activities, to be away from strong sound source like transport sound or knocking etc. @ Material, mix and asphalt mix stations 2200 mfrom sensitive spots. @ In service phase, the long term traffic will be not sizable (314veMd in 2015). That means slight - 42 -  Summary of EIA and EMP D. Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures noise then. Water impactmitigation @ proper work site selection 0propermaterialpiling (4) other EPmeasures @ Construction camp shall rent local civic houses or public ones, or in scope of road land. Sewage and life rubbish shall be treated properly to be away from water pollution. @ Construction units shall choose normalized machineries and vehicles to keep its pollutant emission below the national standards. Machinery maintenance andcaring can ensure their better operation. @ Construction camp shall be located away from water bodies; waste water not emitted directly into rivers. @ Fieldquarry needs strict declare and approval; material purchase comes from qualified producers, - 43 -  Summary of EL4 and EMP E. Alternatives E.Alternatives The section is only proper to theAME. 60 .According to comparing between construction and non-construction scenarios, from the comprehensive comparison with safety, noise & atmosphere, life quality, effect o f land occupancy and Social effect, we can see the evident advantages of constructing the expressway and the necessity of this construction program (Table 5-1). Table i-1 Comprehensive Comparison o f Cons1 ictingthe Expressway Comparing Construction Non-Construction factors Poor road condition I low driving speed, Safety Improve road condition, driving speed and safety more traffic accidents Newly built road absorbs the majority of traffic , reducethe Traffic increase is limited, driving speed Noise & noise on the old road and air pollution, after taking proper is slow, noise and air condition surpass Atmosphere measures, noise and air matchthe standards the standards After the construction of the new road, it can strength the connection with the outside world, benefit the planning of the local farming and forestry, promote and develop the village Economic development slowed down , Life quality and township enterprises and household plantation and greatly hinders the improving of the local breeding industry, at the same time, make it easy for the local people's living standard specialties to be transported to the outside world and hence improve the local economy development. Lackingfor funds, it is difficult for them With the decrease o f land, the local people can use the money Effect of land to develop local resources; only by compensation to develop the second and third industries so occupancy developing agriculture, the economy is as to make good use of the local resources. not likely to grow fast. Improvement of the road grade leads to the improving of the driving speed, hence strengthens the connectionbetweenthe It takes more hours to travel, few people Social effect will come , which slows down the poor areas with the outside world and at the same time brings economic development. along the tourism along the expressway. Land occupancy and demolition will affect the local people's Reconstruction of the old road affects the life. Digging and filling will affect the roadside sight and roadside sight and reduces the vegetation reduce the vegetation and hence lead to soil erosion and and hence lead to soil erosion. The air Environmental might cause certain level of water pollution of the lower and noise pollution produced during the problems reaches. The air and noise pollution produced during the construction period affects the normal life construction period affects the normal life of the local people. of the local people. And the construction And the construction process might affect the ecological process might affect the ecological environment. environment. 61. The alignment lies in the meeting place of Shaanxi, Sichuan and Chongqing, concerning the traffic layout of the three areas. During the alignment research period, we select three schemes: 1. from - 44 -  SurnrnaPyof ElA and EMP E. Alternatives An'kang, Shaanxito Wanyuan, Sichuan, via Ziyang; 2. from An'kang, Shaanxito Wanyuan, Sichuan, via Langaoand Ziyang; 3. from An'kang, Shaanxi to Chengkou, Chongqing, via Langao. After the Ministry of Communicationsassorts with the attitude of the three provinces, the first scheme is selected. Accordingto the research level of the program, this environmentalevaluationfocuses only on the research of the first scheme. 62. There are four major partial comparison schemes in the first decided scheme, which are Heng Kou Interchange Overpass Comparing Line, Shibangou Alternative Alignment, HanjiangAlternative and Liushui Town and Dazhuyuan Alternative. After the comprehensive comparison of the factors like construction, environment, society and so on, the proposed scheme has obvious advantages, so this environmentaleffects reportapproves of the proposedscheme. Refer to fig. 5-1 and fig. 7-4 andtable 5-2. @ HengkouInterchangeplan, Jiajiagoukouplanto berecommended @ of Shibangouand Jiajiagouplans, the lateris recommended. @ ofHaopingandHanjiangplans, the later isrecommended. @ of Liushuiand Liushuixiplans, the later isrecommended. Map 5-1 HengkouHubOverpass Comparison(Yuehe & Jiajiagou) - 45 -  Suminan,ofEIA and EMP E. Alternatives Map 5-2 Shibangou and Jiajiagou Precept Comparison Map 5-3 HaopingandHanjiangPreceptComparison Map5-4 LiushuiandLiushuixiPreceptComparison - 46 -    I rn # I  I 0 LD I  F. PublicConsultation 63. The following ways were usedininvestigationsto knowthe attitudes, opinionsand suggestions of the masses aboutthe project: face-to-face talk, on-the-site interview, andinformal discussion. Twice public participationand investigationwork is put up inassessment. The field investigationand discussions concern 200 more locals, 268 inquiriesfilled inand249 out ofthemvalid. @ inquiriesinJuly, 2005: 210intotal, 199valid, countryroadinquiry of 100invalidity @I inDec.2005: 58intotal, 50valid inquiries @ symposiuminJuly, 2005: twice, inLiushuiofHanbinDistrict andXiangyangofZiyang The inquiry scopes intable 6-1, covering49 villages in 18townships. name I 2005-7 2005-12 I Hanbin I village I Num. I village I Num. I Jiangdian 2 ( 9 ) ,3 (3) , 5 (5) ,7 (3) Wuli Anlong I(4) ,2(4). Mogou 3 (3) Wacang 1 ( 3 ) Street Off. 1 (5) Hongshan Taiji 2 (3) -51 -  64. After the completion of EIA report, the Ankang Daily and the project region are all proclaimed, 200 marked on Ankang-Maoba Expressway, 200 in countryroadregion. Public participationfrom relevant people inthe project areais performedinApr.,3 - 13 2006. The Ankang-Maoba expressway notificationsare marked and publicized alongthe route government andvillages. The countryroad notifications are marked and publicized mainly on major traffic roads, local governments andvillages, By the feedback from participants, the expressway and countryroad projects receive great support from localgovernments and people, hopingto runthe projectas quickly as possible. 65. All together, 49 villages in 18 towns alongthe expressway route were investigated.268 copies of questionnaires were filled in, with 249 effective ones. (11 The attitudeofresidentsalongthe route towards the project see Table 6-2, Table 6-2 StatisticsofAttitudeto AME Attitude to highway construction Attitude to highway alignment -52 -  Most of the residents investigatedpositively support the constructionand fully understand that the proposed expressway will improve the local investment environment, strengthen the contact with the outside world, promote economic development, improve the living conditions and life quality and benefit boththe Stateand local area. Therefore, they all hopethe Expresswaycan be completedas soon as possible while part of the public are not clear aboutthe alignmentofthe Expressway. As the project is supposedto be performedin QinIing Mountains, the low leveledtraffic restrictsthe local economics. The investigation along the route shows that plenty of local people even don't have a chance to the town and their children can't share good traffic conditions to school, foot in rainy days,for instance. Consquently, majority of local people hope to proceed the project quickly, and only 3.0% don't have acknowledgementofthe roadconstruction. Duringthe project designing, some more peoplebegain to concern about the construction. The survey indicates that 90% local peopleknow of and approvethe route alignment, still, 1.O% don't quite agree with the alignment only because of the road far from their villages, causing less improvement for their come-and-go. Some of them expect the roadconstructionclose moreto their villages. (2) Publicattitudetowardlandrequisitionandremovalintable 6-3 Table 6-3 Public AttitudetowardLandRequisitionand Removal andremoval Obey or notto the landrequisitionand removal Anknowledgementor not of land requisitionand resettlement Demandsamongresettelement compesations The investigation indicates that 79% local people have no disagreement to land requisition and removal on basis of their national concern in priority, while 1% don't agree to the land requisition and removal, and 54% don't have some clean viewpoints. The most people in the project region support the removal before resettlement, and some more care primarily the local traffic improvement. They don't care much about the occupation and land and wood or plant cutting, and they can't assist the constructionwith their workinginside. -53 -  ~ (3 ) Public viewpoints and suggestions on the EP measurementtowardthe possibleimpact from the project,refer to table 6-4 gree or not to the EPmeasures Suggestion on measures to deal with Ofthe possibleenvironmentimpact from the roadconstructions, 90% approve of stronger EPmeasure for mitigation, 79.5% choose greenization along the road to avoid dust, 10% for sound barrier in residentials, 3.O%deal with environmentalpollution by removingsomewhereand 8.5% indifferentwith it. The road project will bring in some negative impact on locals inevitably. But most route people apprehend and support it by some mitigation measures. Building the roads and improving the local traffic are their primary concern. 66. The project assessmentteam selected two spots to hold symposium. See annex 14. Prior to the holding ofthe symposium, notices were postedto the surroundingvillages, indicatingthe contents, location andtime with the purposeof inviting the public as many as possibleto take part in. The symposiumwere held on July 24th,2005 and July 25*, 2005 inLiushuiTown of HanbinDistrict and Xiangyang Town of Ziyang County with the presentation of nearly 50 government cadres, NPC deputies, teachers ofmiddle school, drivers, representativeso fvillagers and residents. Inthe symposium, everybody gave remarks eagerly to support the constructionof the Expressway. The local residents had long hoped the completion of the Expressway and road networkso as to improve the current undeveloped status. They expressed they would support the Expressway construction if the construction was to be carried out by fair, just and national policies informed to the public. The representatives believed the influence of the construction was temporary and could be overcome. It is hopedthe Expressway couldbe completed as early as possibleto benefitthe local people andpromotelocal economic development. Besides, the localgovernmentsexpressedthey canadjustthe landifnecessary. Based on site investigation, the governmental organs, enterprises and public institutions, social institutions,the residents andthe farmersto be influencedall believedthe Expressway would promotelocal development and improve the people's living standards, and they supported the Expressway construction andhopedthe commencement ofthe project. 67. Conclusionon public consultant (1) Through public consultant investigation, the governmentaland social institutions, as well as the -54 -  public to be affected along the route, expected the proposed Expressway to be accomplished as soon as possible. On the issues related to the resettlement, most of the public hoped they be relocated in the other places within their villages andthey expressedthey would obey the national policy (2) As for land acquisition and resettlement compensation, the related policies should be implemented strictly and the compensation amount should be decided according to the actual situation with full consideration on the requirements of the resettled households. The compensation policy should be implemented with care to reduce intermediates and ensure the compensation to be paid to the resettled households. Popularization works on compensation policy and measures should be carried out with emphasisto ensure the public understand the policy and measuresto relievetheir worries, which is the key for successful completion ofthe Expressway. (3) On resettlement: It is required to timely and reasonably to help the settlement of removed households. Prior to the commencement of the construction, opinions ofthe removedhouseholds should be collected. The construction unit should sign contract with the local government to guarantee the successful settlement to avoid the economic loss ofthe removedhouseholds. (4) On environment protection: Environment protection project shouldbe planned based on the EA to reduce the influence to the minimum. (5) On cultivated land protection: It is suggested the Expressway be built along the bottom o f the mountain slope or bridges be constructedso as to reducethe cultivated landoccupation. -55 -  Summary of EL4 and EMP G EnvironmentalManagement andMonitoring G. EnvironmentalManagement and Monitoring a. EnvironmentalManagement Ankang-Maoba Expressway (AME) 68. During the construction and operation phases, the following instiutional arrangements will undertake responsibilities o fenvironmentalprotection ofAME andLRIP. -Main Institutionsofthe EnvironmentManagement It is Shaanxi transportation Department (SPTD) that takes general responsibility for the management of the environment protection. The executive and management of the environment protection planis due to the EP departments of the Project Management Office (PMO) under SPTD. The environment protection office (EPO) is set up by the PMO andtwo people are assignedto take charge of it. The major duties ofthe management institution: (1) Cany out and perform each item ofthe environment protectionprinciples, policies issued by the state, the province or the city. (2) Be responsible to supervise the composition ofthe environmental implement plan and the carry out the environment protection measures proclaimedby the environment protection report. (3) Organizeto compose andimplementthe reaction planofthe pollutionaccident. ( 4 Organize to compose the reaction plan for the emergency in transportation o f the dangers goods on An'kang - Shaanchuanjie Expressway, and conduct the personnel training. (51 Take the charge ofthe environment protectionresearchandtrainingto enhancethe environment protectionskills o fthe personnel. __ EnvironmentProtectionMonitoringandExecutiveInstitutions a. The feasibility study period: SEPA, the EP Office of the Ministry o f Communication, Shaanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau., the World Bank and Shaanxi Provincial Communication Dept. will take the responsibility. SEPA: It is the Superior Administrative Department that perform the monitoring and management together to the nation's daily environment protection. Fully take charge of the environmental management of the item, examine and ratify the report of the environmental impacts, guide the provincial environment protection bureau to carry out each item o fthe statutes, and be responsible for the completion and the check and acceptance ofthe environment protection establishment. Shaanxi Environmental Protection Bureau: Responsible for the monitoring management of the environment protection of the item, organize and coordinate the relevant institutions to the service of the environment protection of the item, examine the report of the environmental impacts, supervise the performance o f environmental action plan of the item, be responsible for the completion and the check and acceptance o f the environment protection o f the item, confirm the environmental management statutes and the criteria that the item should perform, guide the cities' and counties' environment protection bureau -56 -  Summa~yofEL4 and EMP G. Environmental Management and Monitoring to superviseand managethe environment ofthe item duringthe construction and operation period. b. The designing period: The EP department of the Project Office under Shaanxi Communication Departmentwill take the responsibility. (2 people). c. The construction period: The EP Office of Shaanxi Communication Dept., EP department of the Project Office under Shaanxi Communication Department and ShaanxiEnvironment Protection Bureauare responsible.(3 peopIe) The Environment Protection Bureau at city and county levels: Observe the guidance of the environment protection bureau of the autonomous regions, supervise the environmental action plan performed by the construction unit, carry out the statutes and criterions about the environmental management, coordinate with each department to do the environment protection well, be responsible for examination andmonitoringmanagement ofthe construction, completion and operation ofthe environment protection establishmentofthe iteminadministrative regions. d. The operation period: Shaanxi Expressway Management Bureau and Shaanxi Environment Protection Bureautake the responsibility. e. The environment monitor is performed by the provincial environment monitoring units and the regional and civic environment monitoring sites inthe constructionand operation period During the process of the performance of the item, the item office will assign two environmental supervisor engineers to take charge of the monitoring of the biddingsites, and of the EAPassigned and the environment protection measuresset down inthe biddocument. After the completion ofthis project, the Project Office will arrange full-time personnel to managethe environment protection in its managing sections. The county' administration governments regulate to conductthe fire fighters andthe aid personnel. LocalRoadImprovementProgram(LR1P) 69. Environmental protectionmanagement for theAnkangcountryroad project has 3 levels, instructed by Shaanxi Dept of Communications, charged by the Ankang City traffic board, and executed by local traffic boards. The framework is listed inChart 7-2. Traffic organization functions: -Shaanxi Provical Transportation Department The project loanofice under ShaanxiDept. of Communicationsinstructs collectively the construction, environmentalprotection and training. -AnkangCityTr&cBoard A countryroad office inside the board is set up to take charge of the project management on environmentalprotection. to charge project feasibility study: (2) to consignaqualifiedorganbefore the yearly commencementfor EIA; (3) to draw upthe EPA; (4) to coordinatethe EPmanagement amongdifferent organs; (5) to chargethe EP training and advancement; (6)to instruct EPmanagementwork of Iocal traffic boardsand their regular training; (7) to submit by report regularly aboutthe EPmanagement. -Duty of local traffic boards The traffic boards of Hanbin District, Ziyang County and Langao County hold up the practical EP -57 -  Summary of EIA and EMP G EnvironmentalManagementand Monitoring management, including: (1) executionof laws andregulationsor standards in differentlevels; (2) designation of EP managers in the charge of project EP work and coordination of removaland resettlement: (3) drawingoftrainingplanandregularmanagerialtraining; (4) charge ofprojectinformationpublicizingintheir popedom; (5) drawingof EPmanagementmeasuresandplans; (6) charge of constructionbidding invitations,anddirectionofconstructionuint for their makingEAP; (7) buildingupEPdata for project informationcollection, summarizing, storeageandrecording; (8) regularfield inspectionon constructibnunitwith forms filled in,table 4-2 in details: (9) supervision on conservation works maintenance and management, and cooperation with its establishment; (10) submissionofEPwork -58 -  I - -  Summary of EIA and EMP G EnvironmentalManagementandMonitoring t Construction phase I I 1 I Chart 7-2 EPManagement Frame Illustrationfor LRIP 70. Supervision Supervision on the project EPwill be a combination o f interior and exterior work, functional at : (1) Infeasibility phase,Ankang EPBoardandAnkang Traffic Board take the charege. Ankang Environmental Protection Board: validation o f EP regulations and criterions, EAP feasibility and rationality, EIA report under examination Countryroad Project Office in Anknag Traffic Board: charge o f coordinations o f organs working for EP, supervision o f drawing of EAP and working the Ankang EPBoard, andmodificationo f EAP anytime it needs. (2) Indesign phase: charged byAnkangTraffic Board The countryroad project office under Ankang Traffic Board affirms the desiging of mainbody engineering inphase with environmental protection facilities. (3) Inconstruction phase: charged by EPboards o fAnkang City, its district and counties Ankang EPboard in charge of regular inspection and checkup in accordancewith lows and regulations o f different levels A countryroad ofice in all local traffic boards is set up, 2 staff to be stationed in charge o f supervision on EPexecutions in constructions (4) Inoperation phase: charged by local district and county traffic boards The local traffic boards inspect and check up the EPexecutions and maintenance with timely measures ifitoccurs. 71. Personnel Training for Environmental Protection The purpose for training the administrative personnel, technicians and environmental supervisors related to the EP o f Shaanxi Ankang Expressway Project is to make them fully understand and master the relative contents o f the environment protection, with the purpose to ensure that the environmental protection plan o f program will be implemented infull scale. -60 -  Summary of ELI and EMP G EnvironmentalManagement andMonitoring Inaccordance with the working content, the trainees canbe classifiedinto 3 categories: 1) Advanced environmentaladministrativepersonnel - aiming to train 9 advanced and middle-level personnel (among which 3 from the project administrative office, 3 from CommunicationBureau, 2 from Design Institute and Scientific Research Institute, and 1 from abroad monitoring unit) on environment protectionand emergency measures. 2 Environmentalsupervisor-aiming to train 12monitoringengineers ofeach sectionon environment protectionknowledge, control of environmentalquality, managementof environment protection expenses, and engineering technology of environment protection to ensure that project of the environmental performing plan of program can be carried out smoothly. Each section has one contractor. All should be trainedinchina. 31Stuff from regionalandenvironment-3 from eachcounty, and 3 from regionandcity. The purpose is to understandthe content and constructionprogramcan be carriedout smoothly. The training of environmental administrative personnel consists of training at home and training abroad. The duty oftraining abroad is to understandthe new methods, technology andmanagementof road environmentprotectionin developedcountries, so that publicizethem to environmentprotectionpersonnel of the whole program. The training of management personnel and stuff in Nan'ning which is hosted by projectadministrativeoffice, invitesofficers from World Bank, officers from other departmentsand experts to give lectures. Inaccordancewith trainees and trainingcontent, the trainingtime is divided intothree batches: 1) Training for environmentalsupervisors: March, 2006, lastingfor 7 days. 2) Training for advancedenvironmentaladministrativepersonnel abroad: March, 2006, lastingfor 21 days. 3 Training for ordinary personnelat home:April, 2006, lastingfor 7days. The training fee for training abroad (advanced administrative personnel) is 450,000 yuan in total, 50,000 yun per person. The training fee for twelveordinary personnelis 180,000 yuanin total, 15,000 per person. The training fee for environmentalsupervisor is 240,000 yuan intotal, 20,000 yuan perperson. The totaltraining fee amounts to 870,000 yuan. b. EnvironmentalSupervision 72. EnvironmentalSupervisionPlanduringthe ConstructionPhase The working period of Environmental Monitoring of Ankang-Maoba Expressway includes these three terms: TheEnvironmentalMonitoring inthe constructionalmanagingdesign andpreparingperiod; The EnvironmentalMonitoring inthe constructionalphase; The Environmental Monitoring in the project guarantee period (the handling over and defection responsibilityperiod) The mainwork and requirements ofthe monitoringin every period stipulatesas inTable 7-1. -61 -  Summary of EIA and EMP G EnvironmentalManagement andMonitoring Table 7-1. EnvironmentalSupervisionPlan 1 Period I Contents Get famiiiar with the design documents and the contents of the construction contract Construction design documents; make a particular monitoring working plan; examine the contractor's environment and preliminary period; protection formula and fee estimation in the constructional managing design; examine the contractor's environment protection personnel and technology; prepare to hold the first site meeting, etc. II Constructional Concentrateeffort on the environmental monitoring inthe construction; cooperate with the period II ~~ site project monitoring; finish every work according to the requirement of the project schedule. Renovate and rebuilt-monitoring of the environment protection project; carry on the Project environmental monitoring on the period of reparation. renovation and rebuilding of the responsibility period defections inproject 73. EnvironmentalSupervisionPersonnelConstitution The Environmentalsupervisionorganizationof Ankang-Maoba Expressway is adapted to its project constructionalmanagingsystem, including two levelsof Chief Monitoring Office and the Site Monitoring Group. The proposed expressway environmental supervision adopts a supervision model of blending environmental supervision into the project supervisionsystem. The Chief Supervision Office sets up the vice supervisor of environmentprotection, with the chiefsupervisor and his or her representative presiding the work of environment supervision and the Department of Environment protection which guides and supervise the routine duties of the environmental monitoring. The Project Monitoring Division is responsible for the leading responsibility of the EnvironmentalMonitoring Group. The Department of Environmentprotection guides the business and supervises environmental monitoring engineers' work. It enjoys the right of making decisions on common environmentprotection problems, but it should refer to the chief supervisor on environmentalprotectionwhen facingmajorproblemson environmentalprotection. The constitutionofthe environmentalprovisionpersonnelis as follows: (1) The vice supervisorof environmentprotection, 1 in number (served by the chief supervisor or the representative) (2) Department ofthe EnvironmentProtection,2 innumber The one with a senior title of professionalpost, engaged in the major of environment protectionand familiar with the road environmental supervision; the other is with a senior title of professional post, engaged inthe majorofroadand bridgefamiliar with the expresswaysupervision. (3) Every director of the site monitoring group is responsible for the environmentalsupervisionin hisgroup. (4) Everysupervisionengineer is responsible for the environmentalsupervisinginhis businessscope. c. Environmental Monitoring 74. The environmental monitoringing in the period of the expressway construction and operation is entrusted to the Environmental Monitoring Station in Ankang city. In order to ensure the practice of the monitoring plan, the constructional units should sign the environmental monitoring contract for the -62 -  Summary of EIA and EMP G. EnvironmentalManagementandMonitoring construction phase with the monitoring unit before the construction and sign one more for the operation phasebefore the projectis handedover andput into service. 75. The major items to be monitored in constructionphase will include air quality, noise, and water I quality. These items will be monitored in the operationas well. In addition, sewage discharge at survice areas, toll stations and administrativeareas will be monitored. The environmentmonitoringingpian during the period of construction and operation is as Table 7-2-7-4. The detailed monitoring plan is presented c below. @ Air quality. During the constructionphase, TSP will be monitoredat Maoba town and Haoping town. It will be monitored two times a year with a day each time. Ambient Atmosphere will not be monitored in operationphase. @ Noise. During the construction phase, noise monitoring will be carried out 4 times a year at sensitivesites such as schools and villages inconstructingroad, and one day a time. During the operation phase, noisewill be monitored2 times ayear at 9 sensitive sites such as schools andvillages, and one day a time. @ Water quality. Duringthe constructionphase, water quality will be monitoredin the 3 rivers (Han River, RenRiver and Songping River), COD, SS, NH3-N,and oil will be detectedthree times a year, two days eachtime. Water quality will notbemonitoredinoperationphase. Table 7-2 EnvironmentalMonitorir ;Plan(Noise) Period spots Items Frequency Implement Agency Jiangdianprimary school, Liuying village, One day, once in Twice Entrustto Construction Gumgrong village, Constructio Onceper day and aday the local Period infieEnvironme Wafangdianprimary nNoise season respective constr nt Monitor school, Zhengyiprimary IY uction Station school, Changbaischool Initial stage of the operation Liuying village, Once per One day, ===-I period Guangrong village, two Once in Entrustto Wafangdianprimary once in Traffic years day and night day and the local Mid-term ofthe school, Changbaischool, noise night respecti Environme operation HuajiaWan, Shuangqing, Twice respectiv nt Monitor period Jinping, Gaotantown, vely Station Xinpucunprimary school per year elY 1 Table 7-3 EnvironmentMonitoring Plan(Water) L Annotation: The routine monitoring data of the local EnvironmentalMonitoring Station should be used in the operatron -63 -  Summary of EL4 and EMP G EnvironmentalManagementand Monitoring period. Table 7-4 Ambient Atmosphere Monitoring I Period Frequency Duration ime 0 Implement ampling Agency Authority Institution One Local Hongping once Construction Once day in environmental Project Office under town, every 6 phase every day sampling monitoring Communication Dept. Maoba town months time station Note:NO2 monitoringdatain operationphase will be adoptedfrom the localenvironmentalmonitoring station. 76. Waste water from the survices, toll stations and administrative areas will be monitored once ayear. 77. Annualmonitoringreport system shouldbe submittedto concerning departmentsbeforeDecember 30 which is stipulatedby monitoringcontract underthe monitoring report system. Monitoringreport system o fthe programis detailed inChart 7-3. I ______i Monitoring Unit Chart 7-3 Schematic diagram ofMonitoringreport procedures -64 -  Summary ofEL4 and EMP H. EP Investment Estimation H. EP Investment Estimation 78. According to the EPmethods submitted by this project, the estimated investment for EPof AME will reach 175.678 million yuan (the cost of soil and water conservation is included). The detailed information is shown inTable 8-1. Inthe construction design, the estimatedbudgetfor soil and water conservationmakes up 130million yuan, and the other cost 39.926 million yuan, with the total of 169.926 million yuan, taking 2.14% of the total construction investment. Table 8- EstimatedPrimary Cost for AME cost Item Contents& estimationmethods (I0,000 Benefits Yuan) To know existing environment, to Assessment, predict future environment, to designand Monitoring, compilation of EIA, design of 500 beautify environment, to implement research environmentengineeringresearch preventativemeasures. Heighteningwalls:4. each of 980m long and 2.5-4.0m high, with total surface of 2940m2, Measuresfor 96Oyudm2 andthe cost of 2,824,000 yuan; To reducenoise noisemitigation Brick walls 7 altogether (0.8m high, 2900m 428.44 long, 500yuan/m, with the cost of 1,460,4 00 yuan.) Soil and water To alleviatesoil erosion, to beautify conservation, Construction, Vegetation andtemporary I3000 environment, to restore scenery, to plantation construction alleviate atmospheric& acoustic landscape pollution, to protectenvironment Reduction of construction 360X 4 X 4OOyuan/day, with lOkm per shift, 105.364km in length 607 To mitigation air pollution dust Rain collection system on the surfaces of Yi Protectionof Shuihe Bridge, Liu Shuihe Bridge and To prevent the water from the water sources Hanjiang Bridge, 6 Evaporation systems on bridge surface polluting the duringthe both sides of the bridge, Sand boxes, sand underneath rivers due to the traffic operation piles on the ends of the bridge in case of the accident. Treatment of and Haoping river, each construction camp domestic To protectwater environment sewageduring the institution special& assigned person. Each camp cost Treatment of sewageon the 110 construction sites Mending 200 damaged roads -65 -  Summarv ofEL4 and EMP H. EP Investment Estimation Water treatment deviceso ftoll Cesspool 20 thousandper, under earth dump 150 thousand yuardper, 1 Management To control water pollution, protect ofice, 3 service areas, 5 parking lots, 6 toll 79. The estimated investment for EP of LRIP will be 14.82 million yuan, which primarily used in ecological protection.The detailed information is shown inTable 8-2. Table 8-2 EstimatedPrimary Costfor LRlP Contents and estimate Environmentalbenefit Monitoring, report compiling designing road:10,000 yuan/km, town road: 3 6 0 x 5 ~1OOyuan/d.shift, 1shift/] OOkm, totally Water body protection 1,000 yuan for one camp -66 -  Summary of EIA and EMP H. EP InvestmentEstimation EPmanagement in construction 2 staflcounty, 6 in 36 Implementationon EPmeasures period total,1000yuadman.month Monitoring expenses in construction Air, water, noise period Check and acceptance 30 expenses tota 1482 Note: the table docsn't iiiclrrdc stope protectionespenses 80. The cost of the environmentalprovisionfor AME is RMB2 millionyuanper year with view ofthe cost inthe constructionphase which lasts for 5 years. The total coat environmentalmonitoring is RMB 10 million alltogether. 81. The annualcost will beusedinAME primarily. For the cost detailed will be shown in Table 8-3 and 8-4. The annual cost of AME during the construction is 506,000 yuan, and 559,000 yuan during the operation phase. For operation phase: 20 yearsx559,OOO =11,180,000 yuan. Table8-4 Annual Cost duringthe OperationPhase Noise monitoring 7 locations 1000 1.4 Salariesfor managementpersonnel II 2people 12,000 2.4 Personneltraining 2 people 5000 11I1.0 Environmentcontrol cost Operationmanagementof EP Technology update I 55.9 -67 -  Summary of EL4 and EMP IConclusion I. Conclusion Ankang-Maoba Expressway(AME) 82. Environment Evaluation Conclusion (1) Interms of natural physiognomy, the roadunder planningcan be divided into Ankang Yuehe basin and BashanMountainarea. (2) The project area is full of fracture structures, andthe routepasses through 4 regionalfracture zones and a dozen of small fault crushed zones. These are likely to leadto landslips. Roof fall and water burst in tunnels may take place as well. (3) There are mainly 11rivers in the area, including Hanjiangand its tributaries such as Renhe River, Yuehe River, HaopingRiver, and LiushuiRiver. Except for Hanjiang, the tributaries are of short runoffs. (4) K196+560 (origin) -K211+600 section is situated in Yuehe basin of Ankang City. Agricultural planting is the production activity. K209+ 000-K293+000 (terminal) section, situated in Dabashan Mountain area, is covered with north sub-tropical evergreen broad-leaved wood and deciduous broad-leavedwood. The ecological environment alongthe route is good as a whole. (5) Since the project i s situated in valleys, where the altitude is low and human activities are frequent, large wild animals are few, especially feline ones. However, there are a good many small wild animals in river valleys, such as squirrel, field mouse, grass hare, wild boar, and badgeretc. (6) Three bridges of the road under planning (one on Yuehe River, one on LiushuiRiver, and one on Yishui River) will pass by the experimental plot of Ankang Ying Lake wet land provincial natural protection area, with the length being 15km, of which the lengthof bridges is 1.89km and that of roadbeds 13.1Ikm. Shaanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau, with the document of Shanhuan Letter (2005) No. 30, approvedthe passing-by of Ankang-Maoba Expressway from the experimental plot of the naturalprotection area inMarch2005. (7) The project will also pass by the agricultural area of Ankang-Yuehe basin, massif soil erosion control areas at the banks of Hanjiang, and the protection area of water source cultivation and animals as well as plants of DabaMountain. (8) The project will pass by Liushui River at the west 50m to the Ying Lake Scenic and Historic InterestArea. (9) Land utilizations along the route vary in accordance with the changes of landforms. The valley of Yuehe River is mainly the plowingarea, and banks of Hanjiang, Haoping, and Renhe are mainly mountains, dongas, and bottomlands. Areas along the route are forests, pastures, villages, mines, and water areas, where the soil erosion is moderate. (10) The daytime noise level in villages along the route is 42.7-52.3dB, and the night noise level 36.3-41.3dB, reachingGradeIlevel ofthe evaluationstandard(GB3096-93). The environment is good. (11) After monitoring, the profiles of Hanjiang, Renhe, and Yuehe conform to the correspondingly designated surface water standards. (12) The contents of nitrogen dioxide and overall suspended particle in the air along the route do not exceedthe standard, and conform to the air quality evaluationstandard (Grade Ilevel of GB3095-1996). -68 -  Summary of EL4 and EMP IConclusion 83. PredictionAnalysis Conclusionof Impact onEnvironment -Phase ofDesign and Construction a. EcologicalEnvironment (1) The whole route of Ankang-Maoba Expressway covers a landof 5,956 mu, including paddy field of 865.39 mu, 14.5% of the total; irrigationarea of 549.77 mu, 9.23% ofthe total, dry landof 1,240.29 mu, 20.82%; wasteland of 404.9 mu, 6.79%; gardens of 34.7 mu, 0.56%; woodland of 1,688.03 mu, 28.34%; andriver beachesof736.12 mu, 12.36%ofthe total. (2) The road will permanently occupy arable land (paddy field, irrigation land, and dry land) of 2,655.45 mu, woodlandand grassland(holt, wasteland, and gardens) of 2,126.73 mu, accountingfor 80.3% o f the total area occupied. Compared with lands at the two sides of the route within the scope of 300m, it occupies arable land of 21.27% and woodland of 11.13%. With a view to this, the project has really has impact on flow lands along the route, but the impact is moderate. Since the areas alongthe route are still plow landsandforests, the landutilization patternis unchanged. (3) The road occupies arable land of 2,655.42 mu, including basic farmland of 2,100 mu, so reasonablecompensation measuresshouldbe adopted. (4) There are some agricultural wild animals and wild birds such as aigrettes, which live in paddy fields and the course of Yuehe River (shallow water area). Main structure of farmlands and functions of Yuehe Riverwill not be changed inroadconstruction, so the impact is acceptability. (5) Rare wild animals under the state protection were not discovered in the process of spot investigations.Aigrettes are the main wild birds, which live inpaddy fields and river beaches of Hanjiang. Main structure of farmlands andfunctions of Yuehe River will not be changed inroadconstruction, so the impacton birdsis moderate. (6) In the light of estimation, the animal loss resulting from the land occupation of the project is 78,358,160kg, so the vegetationdisturbedshould beresumedafter the completionofthe project. (7) The projectpassesthroughnatureforest ofK216+300---K223+2OO andK247+800-K258+520 sections in the way of tunnels (tunnel of Phoenix Mountain and tunnel of Mixiliang), so nature forest is well protected. (8) The sites of two soil-borrow sites, six spoil sites, and Ankang servicecenter are unreasonable, and redesignis suggested. (9) The project will occupy basic farmlands of around 2,100 mu, which shall conform to corresponding articlesof Regulationsonthe ProtectionofBasic Farmland. (10) The projecthas little impacton the marshnaturalprotectionarea ofYing Lake. (11) To reduce the damage to woodlands and mountains along the route, 33 tunnels are designed, makingthe impacton the ecologicalenvironmentalongthe routeto the minimum. (12) The digging of roadbeds and the disturbance of spoil sits will lead to the increase of the soil erosion and water loss along the route. But this can be mitigated through environmental protection measures such as reasonable route selection, afforestation, land rehabilitation, channel construction, slope protection, and settling basin. It is worth special attention that soil erosion modulus in the construction phase is relatively bigger, so mitigating measuresput forward in the environmentalevaluation and soil and water conservation schemes should be carried out to ensure that the modulus can be the same as or lower than the original level intwo to three years after the completionofthe project. b. Noise -69 -  Summary of EL4 andEMP IConclusion Noise is just the short-term influence and can be reduced to the minimum through prevention measuressuch as environmental monitoringand supervision. c. Water Environment Household garbage is collected by special persons for compost during the construction period; dry toilets are built in construction camps for compost as well. Manure can be used for top dressing o f trees or crops. Compost sites should be far away from water areas to protectionwater resources of Hanjiangand its tributaries. d. AmbientAtmosphere Main air pollutions during the construction period are dust nuisance and asphalt smoke. But their influence on lives of residents along the route can be avoid through measures such as the reasonable selection o fmixingsites and distance, periodic sprinkling, and canvas covering etc. e. Social Environment (1) Before the construction o f the project, cultural relic organs should carry out investigations within the constructionarea and determine the construction scope. Ifundewound cultural relics are discovered in the constructionprocess, necessary protection measuresshould be adopted. After the report to cultural relic organs, they will be handled inthe lightofthe state cultural relic protection act. (2) The road construction will inevitably result in some unfavorable effect on the normaloperation of irrigation facilities and local roads along the route. So special attention should be given to some small irrigation channels. Ifpossible, the route should bypass these small channels. (3) The masses and governments are in favor of alignment along the route, so land requisition and removal before the road construction can be smoothly carried out as long as residents are reasonably reimbursed. (4) In terms o f the road construction's influence on the environment, the recommended scheme is superior to the compared one. f. Soil andwater conservation . The surface soil erosion andwater Ioss resulting from the project construction is 2.0468 million tons, and the new erosion is 1.9817 million tons. Roadbed protection item and road surface as well as roadbed drainage item have already been designed. So as long as the construction is carried out in accordance with the water conservation scheme, soil erosion and water loss can be reduced efficiently. -OperationPhase a. Ecological Environment The proposed expressway will have little influence on the ecological environment of areas along the route during the operation phase, but attention still has to be paid to the management and maintenance of the road creature protective measures. b.Acoustics Environment (1) The project will have a little noise along the route duringthe runningperiod. -70 -  Summary of EL4 and EMP IConclusion (2) Farmers's should be built about 200m far away fi-omthe trunk lineto avoidtraffic noise. c. Water Environment (1) The project route mainly passes by Hanjiang and its tributaries HaopingRiver, Yuehe River, and Renhe River. Since the proposed road is crossingover or accompanyingthese rivers, the project will have big influences on the water areas during the construction and operation phase. It is suggested to design rainwater collection system and evaporationtanks (6 intotal) at Yishui River Bridge, Liuhe River Bridge, and Hanjiang Super-large size Bridge and the two sides of bridges separately. In addition, emergency measures should be adopted at bridgeheadsto avoid water pollution caused by traffic accidents, such as foundry flask, sand pile, and accidenttanks. (2) There are three service centers, five parking lots, and two maintenance departments along the whole route. The domestic wastewater volume of toll stations and maintenancedepartments is small. But the organic pollutants inthe sewage are high, so they haveto undergotreatment inseptic tank beforebeing used for irrigation. The sewage volume of service centers is big, so it is suggested to build septic tank + biological contact oxidation pond (buried) system to treat. The water after the treatment can be used as for greening in service centers andmiddlebelts. d. AmbientAtmosphere (1) From the put into operation to 2025, the concentrationofNO2 at the two sides ofthe road will not exceed the GradeI1standardofthe national air quality, inline with the evaluationrequirement. (2) The concentration of pollutants at environmental sensitive spots at the two sides of the road is expected to conform to the Grade I1 level of GB3096-1996 standard, in line with the evaluation requirement. e. Social Environment (1) The project construction is of great significance to the improvement of the road network of Shaanxi Province, the development of the economic and tourism industries of areas along the route, and especially the economic prosperity of ShaanxiProvince andAnkang City. (2) The number of underpasses, pedestrianbridges, and flyovers can meet the demand of vehicles and passengerson the route; flood dischargeand irrigation are taken into consideration inthe design of bridges and culverts, andthe project will have no impact on flood discharges and irrigations inoperation phase. (3) The project construction will push forward the prosperity of the regional economy and the development ofthe tourism industry. (4) Environmental economic profit and loss analysis indicates that after the adoption of certain environmental protection measures, the project's social benefit will be huge. With the development of the regional economy and the increaseof traffics, traffic noises and vehicle exhaust gas will have increasingly bigger influence on the sound and Ambient Atmosphere qualities of areas aIong the existing roads ifthe road is not built. Therefore, the construction of the road, along with reasonableplanning and environmental measures, will greatly enhancethe environmental quality of the region. The Local Road ImprovementProgram( LRIP) 84. Environmental status evaluation conclusions -71 -  Summary of EU and EMP IConclusion ( I) the project areafeatured insplendid biologic resources, with highvegetationcoverage and good biologic environment 2) the project areainpoor road and economic conditions (3 ) the project area rich in tourist source, but poor in exploritation because o f poor local traffic conditions (4) good acoustic environment intheprojectarea (5) excellent water quality inthe project area (6) excellent air quality inthe project area 85. EIA forecast conclusions ( 1 ) Among the project, only 8 new road constructions out of the rebuilding roads brings in environmental impact, mainly on the reasonable alignment indesign phase. (21 The environmentalimpact from the rebuildingproject sources mostly from biologics, especially in construction phase. The damage to the local vegetation and distrubance to the earth works fortify the regional soil erosion. The completion of that period meansthe recovery o f soil erosion by land leveling and plantations. (3 1 The countryroad run mostly along rivers and valleys. Its construction will affect route water quality, especially SS exceeding standard. It is suggested material site to be positioned away from water bodies in case o f rainwater erosion. Meanwhile, river courses are to be cleaned up after construction to avoid flood. (4) In construction period, machinery noise and dust will affect route acoustic and air quality. Accordingly, reasonable working arrangement and sanitational protective distance shall be considered to keep normal livingandteaching environment at village, hospitals etc. (5 )Inconstructionperiod, the current road tra& will be serverly affected. Both mitigation measures as sectional construction, organizaitonal traffic and traffic leading, and safety education can be executed to avoid accidents. (6) In service period, the project route with less traffic, dense vegetation, and sparse residence will nox exceed noise EP standards. That presentsthe slight noise impact on local region. (7) The project countryroad is filled with mixedtraffic.Accordingly, traffic sign are to be installed. (8) The countryroadproject will improveextremely the local communications, and the localphysical distributions. Such construction receives warm welcome from local governments and villagers. -72 -  e i C A D 4 U 1.6 0 . 0  0 e o 0 0 0 N  50 c8 .-5 c0 In .-c0 I0 2 uv) c 8 .-dE -0 .- E .f 6) .2 .-c0 -id I 0 0. 50 u b) D i, I r" Ip 2 2 C c1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 . e 0 . e . 0 . d  U 1 W c- I 0  U .C $E 'EC VJ .e .I +0 1 0C .-c> zE 8 0 .d c zE... m 1 8. U C 0 I 3, I e f E kc 0 M P- .C t- L. G g I .C m .-vi Y Ym v1 .-3 vi 8 ? E 5 .- C 0 W 5 U 3 .- C h 4 4 vi .-a 2 c.0 0 D 68 -9x 0 -0 c 2 2 c. c Do .-C .-0RE .e w 3s 0 a -e! c M d .- 4-1 aC 0 .I i- c. -Ym 5Y z c 0 > 3 .-0c C 0 c K 0 0 * c m +- ,..3 VJ m p. e2... ci 4-1 f? i- 0 m W 0 0 5 8 3 C -.-e c e c TJ 8 0 I, .-C U a2 i- 8C 8 i- rn 2.2 m g 1 c-. 0 sa,M * 0 V c-. C 4 3 * E .-M C P%I-0B Q) I.. D 3rn s> 0 0  I 00 t-- I 0  .-d0 22 e, 0  3 L. F B cc P l 0 M I Q 5k 0 . 0 0 . 0 ac kP c, C i t ccE E N  0i3 0 2 0 0 0 0 .I. m  4 w e, v) ."a0` sB c zs c 0 .I c E `D 8 5 W d +I 0 .-e,00 -5 `D B .-C0 Y I c : N -3 c m co I .-c d 0 Y 0 8 ai 0 E m 5 8 .-c c 0 v 2 m 1 C 3 - K 0 .I z8 Y e, --2 x ze 5b C 0 C .I w $ n Y v) 2 .-c 0 2 Y Y -8 v) c C  L I- Ess O c.) EM e, .-6J - VI -0 e, E  9 s0 8 aP0D 0 Y .-e,E .-c c.' 5 '5 0 0 c a ae, 9 50 a e, P 0 d v) z? P) rA 5e, 2E Be -.-& M c e e, .-0 E Y ax ' = 23  Summan ofEIA and EMP Auuendixs Appendix 3: Standards ofAssessment Table 3-1 Noise Standards at UrbanAreas(GB3096-93) unit:Laeq(dB) 3 1 Industridareas I 6 5 I 5 5 I 4 I Areas on bothsides of artery lines I70 I 5 5 Construction Content MainNoise Source Daytime Night 'Oil and work Bulldozer, grab, loadingtruck, roadroller, etc. 75 55 Pilingwork All kindsof pilingdrivers. 85 Construction prohibited Structurework Concreteblender, quiver stick, electronic saws. 70 55 Table 3-3 Quality Standardsof SurfaceWater(GB3838-2002) Note:unit mgA with exception of pH Class-one applies to water sources and natural reserves; Class-two applies to key central drinkingwater sources and rare species of fish protection areas and spawn bedareas; Class-three appliesto ordinary central drinkingwafer sources and swimming areas; Class-four applies to water sources of industrialareas and other sources; Class-five applies to irrigationand scenic waters -85-  Summary of EL4 and EMP Appendixs pollutants ss COD,, BODS NH3-N Petroleum Propagationoil Standard 1 70 100 20 15 5 10 Standard2 150 150 30 25 10 15 Standard3 400 500 300 / 20 100 Notes: Class-1appliesto sewage emissionstandardsGB3838-2002III; Class-2 appliesto sewage emissionstandards GB3838-2002IV, V : Class-2applies to the drainage system with class two water treatmentdevice. 6 Petroleum 5 5.0 10 1.o 7 OrdureColiform GroupNumbern 5 10000 Table 3-6 Ambient Atmosphere Quality Standard (GB3095-19961 (Excerpt) Note: Class-I adopt to natural conservations, famous scenic site and other very sensitiveareas. Class-2 adopt to residential, cultural, normal industrial and village areas. Class-3 adopt to very sensitive industrial areas productionprocess pollutants The Limit ofDischargingVelocity (kg/h) Asphalt smelting and stirring Asphalt Smoke 80-1 50 -86-  .L ". 1 I !