Mozambique - Maputo Municipal Development Program : environmental assessment

E1466 MAPUTO MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Maputo Municipal Development Program Environmental and Social Management Framework - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1/30  1. Introduction The Maputo Municipality is preparing a program - Maputo Municipal Development Program (MMDP) - to support improvements in institutional and organizational development, financial management and certain priorities in the area of service delivery in the municipality. The program is envisaged to cover 10 years in two phases. Phase 1 (3 years) will focus on institutional and financial restructuring as well as low cost, quick-win infrastructure and service delivery improvements. Phase 2 (5 years) will consolidate the achievements of Phase 1 and will finance large scale infrastructure and service delivery improvements in relation to roads, markets, water supply, sanitation, solid waste management, gardens, public transport, traffic lights and public lighting. The program has been classified by World Bank as a Category B project based on the types of projects it comprises. The objective of the present MMDP's ESMF is to define a process that will ensure that all infrastructure activities included in the program are implemented in a way that safeguards all environmental and social issues. A Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared under separate terms of reference, and will be implemented in conjunction with this ESMF. This ESMF is an update of the Environmental Assessment carried out in the context of the Mozambican Municipal Development Program during the year 2000 which included Maputo and seven other municipalities (as per the Terms of Reference). This update takes into consideration all relevant Mozambican legislation as well as World Bank safeguard policies. This updated ESMF has been prepared by a Borrower Consultant and reviewed and approved by the World Bank's Safeguard Specialist who is a member of the project team and who advises on all safeguard related matters. Both the ESMF and the RPF will be disclosed in country and at the World Bank's InfoShop prior to Appraisal of the Project. The purpose of the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is to provide a strategic guide for the integration of environmental and social considerations in the planning and implementation of the Maputo Municipal Development Project activities. Maputo Municipal Development Program Environmental and Social Management Framework - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2/30  2. Description of the Maputo Municipal Development Program (MMDP) The development objective of the MMDP is to Increase the coverage and quality of Maputo City's services to its citizens, by strengthening the City Councils institutional and financial capacity. Being so, the main components of the MMDP are: - Institutional and Organization Development that aims at ensuring strategic, effective, participative and transparent municipal governance. This component comprises two sub components divided into a) Reform and Institutional Strengthening, with the objective of improving the performance of the operational units of the Municipality of Maputo; and b) Improvement of Governance, with the objective of increasing the responsibility of the Municipality of Maputo and its transparency vis-a-vis the citizens; - Improvement in Municipal Finances, with the objective of improving municipal financial management, thus increasing revenue and promoting the efficiency and efficacy of expenditures. This component is also divided into two parts: a) Revenue generation, consisting of a number of activities aimed at improving local income generation such as: improving collection of local taxes and revenues, as well as strengthening municipal capacity to attract community contributions, guarantees, credits and external earnings; and b) Internal expenditures and control geared at improving the planning, execution and control of municipal budget; - Improvement in Service Delivery via support to urban planning and the identification of investments to be made in order to improve and rehabilitate urban services. The two subcomponents comprised here are: (a) Planning of Services, to promote the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and spatial development and planning; support for the preparation of sector master plans; and a review of municipal laws related to zones, land use and construction licenses; and (b) Infrastructures and Service Delivery which will finance small physical investments in existing infrastructures, in order to learn about primary needs and reach the objective of increasing service delivery to the municipality. The definition and identification of this issues were a result of Participatory Process, thought the consultation of several stakeholders, public questionnaires and tow major public workshops. The Program recognizes that Maputo City is starting from a position of extremely limited resources, human and financial, a very weak institutional context where most systems (financial, strategic, urban planning, property registry, information technology, etc) are lacking and where there was almost no basic equipment for the functioning of the city council itself (faxes, internet) for the delivery of services to the citizens. Specific objectives for the improvement in Service Delivery are as follows: - Improve the state of the existing roads and ensure future expansion - Increase the capacity and reach of the cleaning services - Improve the quality of funeral services delivered to citizens - Increase quality and coverage of sanitation and drainage systems - Improve the environment quality in the city - Minimize the erosion and degradation of coastal environment Maputo Municipal Development Program Environmental and Social Management Framework - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3/30  - Increase public security - Increase water supply coverage - Improve urban transportation - Improve quality and increase coverage of markets and fairs - Promote projects and partnerships for the creation of employment and professional capacity building - Increase practice of cultural and sporting activities - Increase the number and quality of parks, gardens, squares, small squares and related signage, - Create or promote social services to citizens The first phase focuses mostly on the restructuring of the CMM, with funds for institutional development and financial reforms, and for some quick win investments in visible infrastructure rehabilitation and service delivery. These investments will deliver tangible results that will help maintain political credibility to continue the reforms. They will also demonstrate that with increased resources and capacity, the city can deliver more services, therefore encouraging citizens to pay taxes and fees to initiate a virtual cycle. Phase I will also evaluate and possibly scale up pilot exercises in community upgrading and public private partnerships financed by international funded agencies as Cities Alliance and PPIAF (respectively). By the end of Phase 11, significant improvements in service delivery will be visible in areas that citizens themselves have identified, such as: solid waste management, street lighting, road rehabilitation and drainage, cemeteries and coastal erosion management. The bulk of these investments will take place in the poorer urban districts that are mostly informal and have slum characteristics, with a slightly different focus per district based on the report card priorities identified in each and the poverty assessment done for the program. Since Maputo is the gateway for investors and tourists into Mozambique, some of the key investments will also target the "cidade de cimento" to remove bottlenecks to productive investments and to increase the city's competitiveness for foreign and local investors. Highlighted in the boxes below are some of the actions planned by the Municipality in order to reach the above objectives: Actions related to construction of infrastructures - Rehabilitation and maintenance of the existing roads - Construction of new roads - Construction of training infrastructures - Construction of sports infrastructures - Construction of social infrastructures for the municipality Actions related to supply services, drainage and sanitation - Roads drainage system - Construction of alternative water supply sources - Construction of small water supply systems - Extension of the existing network - Construction of improved latrines - Increasing the linkages to the public sanitation network - Construction of tertiary and secondary systems in water basins - Extending the waste water collection network - Extending the Waste Water Treatment Plant Maputo Municipal Development Program Environmental and Social Management Framework - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4/30  Actions related to cleaning services and waste management - Improving the management of the Hulene Waste Dump Site and its future closure - Elimination of the existing informal garbage dumps Actions related to special infrastructures - Construction of new cemeteries - Stabilization of slopes and reduction of informal urban settlements - Stabilization of coastal environment and cleaning of beaches - Construction or rehabilitation of markets - Rehabilitation of the slaughterhouse - Construction and rehabilitation of parks and gardens Other Activities - Construction and rehabilitation of terminals and public transportation bus stops - Public lights - Traffic Signs Progress towards the CMM's goals will be measured annually through indicators, detailed in the results matrix and a more comprehensive matrix for the CMM to monitor itself. The Program's design emphasizes monitoring as an integral function of the responsibility of the line management, with overall responsibility resting with the Mayor supported by the Office of Strategic Planning and Institutional Development (GDEI). The governance structures that the mayor has established, such as the mayor's Consultative Council of high level local business and community leaders as well as the annual Citizens Report Card, will provide additional mechanisms for monitoring progress. Most importantly, the triggers for initiating Phase 11 will be concrete measurable indicators that demonstrate whether the institutional and fiscal fundamentals are in place, and whether they are leading to some (realistic) improvements in service delivery in prioritized areas such as solid waste management. In year three of Phase 1, specific outcome indicator figures for Phase II will be determined based on the achievements under Phase I and updated performance targets informed by data provided from the 2007 Census. Maputo Municipal Development Program Environmental and Social Management Framework - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5/30  3. Environmental, Legal and Institutional framework 3.1 Institutional Framework The Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA) is the national agency responsible for the environmental assessment process. This process is partially decentralized in that the provincial directorates responsible for the conduct and approval of EAs for Category B projects, while Category A projects are the responsibility of the National Directorate of Environmental Impact Assessment (DNAIA). Administratively, Maputo city is considered to be equal to a province although there is no representation within MICOAs organizational structure for this area, as such, it falls under the responsibility of DNAIA. The Law on Local Municipalities (Law 2/97) defines the environmental management responsibilities for the municipal bodies (the Municipal Assembly], the Mayor and the Municipality). Environmental licensing, however, is a MICOA responsibility. Maputo Municipality is presently carrying out an institutional development and capacity building program in the area of environmental management. A new Directorate for Urban Planning and Environment will be created, including a Department for Environmental Management (DEM) and a Department for Environmental Inspection (DEI). These departments will be directly responsible for the MMDP ESMF implementation. In the meanwhile environmental issues are being covered by the Municipal Directorate for Environment, Parks and Gardens. Currently this directorate has a lack of technical staff with skills required for appropriate environmental management. The technical staff identified in the municipality during the previous MDP Environmental Assessment carried out in 2000, are no longer working in the municipality. Therefore, the institutional development and capacity building program foresees the employment of new staff for these new departments and a proper training program specific to staff needs. In 2000, Maputo Municipality had two agreements with other institutions (MICOA and Eduardo Mondlane University) that served to support the municipality on environmental issues. Those agreements are no longer in effect. 3.2 Legal Framework In relation to Environmental Assessment, the Mozambican environmental legal framework comprises three main legal instruments: - Environmental Impact Assessment Process Regulation (Decree 45/04), - Environmental Audit Regulation (Decree 32/03) and - Environmental Inspection Regulation (Decree 11/06) In addition to these three instruments, reference can be made to formally approved guidelines for the conduct of ElAs as well as the public participation-consultation processes to be conducted within the context of an EIA. These guidelines have been formally approved by MICOA. Maputo Municipal Development Program Environmental and Social Management Framework - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6/30  As defined by the EIA regulations, the first step in the EIA process is the screening phase. Proposed projects are classified under three categories in order to define the appropriate EA required, as follows: * Category A: projects that can cause significant impacts due to the proposed activities or to the sensitivity of the area, thus requiring a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) (including an Environmental Management Plan - EMP). * Category B: refers to projects that could result in short term intensity, extension, magnitude and/or significant negative impacts, thus requiring a Simplified Environmental Study (SES) and an Environmental Management Plan - EMP). * Category C: projects that do not require an Environmental Assessment, but which are subject to follow the rules included in specific directives for environmental management. The regulation includes lists of projects to be classified as Category A and C, as a list of sensitive areas classifying the project as Category A. Table I - Sensitive areas included in Category A Category A activities are considered as those located in: - areas and ecosystems known as having special conservation status under national and international legislation, such as wetlands, areas exposed to desertification, areas of eminent erosion including coastal dunes, swamps, sole scenery areas, archaeological, historic and heritage value areas for preservation, protection areas to springs or water supply fountains protection; - densely populated areas requiring resettlement; - heavily populated areas where activity would result in unacceptable levels of pollution or other types of disorder that would seriously affect resident communities; - regions subject to high levels of development or where there are conflicts in the distribution and use of natural resources; - areas along water courses or areas used as community sources of drinking water supply Table 2 below, presents activities proposed by MMDP to be included in Category A, and Table 3 those to be included in Category C. Maputo Municipal Development Program Environmental and Social Management Framework - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7/30  Table 2 - Activities included in Category A Table 3 - Activities included in Category C (Decree no 45/2004) (Decree n